text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 11, 2011
|Filing date
|Jun 18, 2004
|Priority date
|Jun 20, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Raghbir S. Bhullar, Harvey B. Buck, Jr., Brian S. Hill, Paul Douglas Walling, Terry A. Beaty, David W. Burke, Eric R. Diebold
|Original Assignee
|Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (59), Non-Patent Citations (37), Referenced by (17), Classifications (14), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/480,243 entitled "DEVICES AND METHODS RELATING TO ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS," filed Jun. 20, 2003. This application is also related to applications entitled TEST STRIP WITH SLOT VENT OPENING ("Slot Vent Opening") Ser. No. 10/871,468, METHOD OF MAKING A BIOSENSOR Ser. No. 10/871,937, METHOD AND REAGENT FOR PRODUCING NARROW, HOMOGENEOUS REAGENT STRIPES ("Reagent Stripes") Ser. No. 10/871,966, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE OF A BIOSENSOR TEST STRIP ("Quality Assurance") 60/581,002, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CODING INFORMATION ON A BIOSENSOR TEST STRIP ("Coding Information") Ser. No. 10/871,977, DISPENSER FOR FLATTENED ARTICLES ("Dispenser") Ser. No. 10/871,943, all of which have been filed on even date herewith and which are all incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. This application also is related to an application entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ANALYTE MEASUREMENT USING DOSE SUFFICIENCY ELECTRODES, filed Oct. 17, 2003 and given Ser. No. 10/687,958 ("Dose Sufficiency"), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates generally to devices, systems, and methods for measuring analytes from biological samples, such as from a sample of bodily fluid. More particularly, the present invention relates to electrically operable biosensors.
Measuring the concentration of substances, particularly in the presence of other, confounding substances ("interferents"), is important in many fields, and especially in medical diagnosis and disease management. For example, the measurement of glucose in bodily fluids, such as blood, is crucial to the effective treatment of diabetes.
Multiple methods are known for measuring the concentration of analytes such as glucose in a blood sample. Such methods typically fall into one of two categories: optical methods and electrochemical methods. Optical methods generally involve absorbance, reflectance or laser spectroscopy to observe the spectrum shift in the fluid caused by the concentration of the analytes, typically in conjunction with a reagent that produces a known color when combined with the analyte. Electrochemical methods generally rely upon the correlation between a charge-transfer or charge-movement property of the blood sample (e.g., current, interfacial potential, impedance, conductance, and the like) and the concentration of the analyte, typically in conjunction with a reagent that produces or modifies charge-carriers when combined with the analyte. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,919,770 to Preidel, et al., and 6,054,039 to Shieh, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
An important limitation of electrochemical methods of measuring the concentration of a chemical in blood is the effect of confounding variables on the impedance of a blood sample. For example, the geometry of the blood sample must correspond closely to that upon which the impedance-to-concentration mapping function is based.
The geometry of the blood sample is typically controlled by a sample-receiving chamber of the testing apparatus in which the fluid sample is received and held during its analysis. In the case of blood glucose meters, for example, the blood sample is typically placed onto a disposable test strip or biosensor that plugs into the meter. The test strip may have a sample chamber to define the geometry of the sample. Alternatively, the effects of sample geometry may be limited by assuring an effectively infinite sample size. For example, the electrodes used for measuring the analyte may be spaced closely enough so that a drop of blood on the test strip extends substantially beyond the electrodes in all directions. Regardless of the strategy used to control sample geometry, typically one or more dose sufficiency electrodes are used to assure that a sufficient amount of sample has been introduced into the sample receiving chamber to assure an accurate test result.
Other examples of limitations to the accuracy of blood glucose measurements include variations in blood chemistry (other than the analyte of interest being measured). For example, variations in hematocrit (concentration of red blood cells) or in the concentration of other chemicals, constituents or formed elements in the blood, may affect the measurement. Variation in the temperature of blood samples is yet another example of a confounding variable in measuring blood chemistry. In addition, certain other chemicals can influence the transfer of charge carriers through a blood sample, including, for example, uric acid, bilirubin, and oxygen, thereby causing error in the measurement of glucose.
Efforts to improve test strips have been mainly directed to making them smaller, faster, and require less sample volume. For example, it is desirable for electrochemical biosensors to be able to analyze as small a sample as possible, and it is therefore necessary to minimize the size of their parts, including the electrodes. Traditionally, screen-printing, laser scribing, and photolithography techniques have been used to form miniaturized electrodes. These methods are undesirably time-consuming, however, and screen-printing or laser scribing technologies pose limitations on the edge quality of the electrical patterns formed, such that gap widths between electrical elements normally must be 75 microns or more. Further, some of these techniques make it unworkable on a commercial scale to remove more than a small fraction, e.g., more than 5-10% of the conductive material from a substrate to form an electrical pattern.
The electrode structures in available electrochemical test strips made by these techniques typically have one or perhaps two pairs of electrodes, and the measurements obtained by these electrode structures are quite sensitive to the interferents discussed above. Thus, the signal produced by the analyte desired to be analyzed must be deconvoluted from the noise produced by the interfering substances. Many approaches have been employed to attenuate/mitigate interference or to otherwise compensate or correct a measured value. Often, multiple design solutions are employed to adequately compensate for the sensitivities associated with the chosen measurement method.
One approach involves removing interfering materials such as blood cells from the fluid sample before it reaches the electrodes by using perm-selective and/or size-selective membranes, filters or coatings. Multiple layers of membranes are often laminated together to achieve the ultimate goal of delivering a fluid to the electrodes which contains only low levels of interferents. Unfortunately, however, this approach suffers from incremental costs of goods, viz., coatings and membranes that must often be pre-treated prior to assembly. It also incurs additional manufacturing process steps that further increase manufacturing cost and complexity while decreasing the speed of manufacture. This approach addresses the attenuation problem by increasing the complexity and cost of the test strip, thereby reducing the burden of the meter which reads the strips.
Another general approach involves the use of sophisticated excitation and signal processing methods coupled with co-optimized algorithms. While simpler, less complex test strip architectures and manufacturing processes may be realized, instrumentation costs, memory and processor requirements, associated complex coding, and calibrated manufacturing techniques are all increased by this approach. Systems employing this approach address the attenuation problem by placing a higher computational burden on the meter that reads the strips.
Yet another more recent approach involves neither the strip nor instrumentation, per se, but rather exploits the measurement methodology. An example of this approach is the use of a coulometric method to attenuate the influence of hematocrit and temperature. This coulometric approach, however, requires a tight manufacturing tolerance on the volume of the sample receiving chamber in the test strips produced, since the entire sample is used during the analysis. Additionally, commercially available test strips using this technology require two separate substrates printed with electrodes, which further increases manufacturing costs. The requirement that much of the sample volume be interrogated may also limit test speed. Further, this approach requires relatively large electrodes to provide significant electrolysis of the sample in a relatively short time in order to estimate the "endpoint" of the coulometric detection.
It is also well known to those skilled in the art that all of the above approaches are further supported by the initial design of reagent systems. In the detection of glucose, for example, this may involve the use of selective redox mediators and enzymes to overcome the detrimental influence of redox-active species or the presence of other sugars.
It would be desirable to provide a simpler, less costly method for attenuating the influence of interferents, in a manner that does not suffer the demerits associated with the general approaches currently in wide use. It would also be desirable to provide a more functional, robust and user-friendly system for analyzing fluid samples, but without increasing the costs.
The present invention provides a biosensor having multiple electrical functionalities located both within and outside of the measurement zone in which the fluid sample is interrogated. Incredibly small and complex electrical patterns with high quality edges provide electrical functionalities in the biosensor and also provide the electrical wiring for the various other electrical devices provided in the inventive biosensor. In addition to a measurement zone with various electrode functionalities, biosensors of the present invention may be provided with a user interface zone, a digital device zone and/or a power generation zone.
The inventors of the present invention have taken an entirely different approach than the schemes discussed above for mitigating interference or otherwise correcting a value measured by a test strip. Their novel approach focuses upon (1) enhancing the quality and complexity of the electrical patterns formed on a biosensor, (2) significantly reducing the size of these electrical patterns, and at the same time (3) increasing production speeds while (4) reducing manufacturing costs. This approach decreases the computational burden and associated cost of the instruments that read the strips while at the same time adding accurate yet cost-effective functionalities to the biosensors themselves.
In one form thereof, the present invention provides a biosensor for analyzing a fluid sample. The biosensor includes a biosensor body that defines a measurement zone having a sample receiving chamber in which is disposed a measurement electrode for detecting the presence or concentration of an analyte in the fluid sample. The measurement zone also includes a reagent that reacts with the fluid sample. The biosensor body further defines a user interface zone in which is disposed an electrically driven signal generator which emits a visible, audible or tactile signal upon occurrence of a triggering event.
In one preferred form, the signal generator comprises a light positioned on the test strip body which illuminates (or turns off) upon the occurrence of the triggering event. In another preferred form the signal generator comprises a light disposed proximate the sample receiving chamber and which illuminates the sample receiving chamber upon the occurrence of the triggering event. In another preferred form, the signal generator is a numerical display.
Any number of occurrences can constitute a "triggering event," including but not limited to insertion of the strip into a meter, a sufficient size dose being received in the sample receiving chamber, malfunction of test, non-functional test strip, etc. Furthermore, there may be a delay between the occurrence of the triggering event and the signal generator emitting the signal.
In another preferred form, the signal generator comprises an electrode set on which the OLED is coated. More preferably, the electrode set comprises a micro-electrode array with at least two electrode fingers having a gap of less than about 5 microns between them.
In another preferred form, the biosensor also includes a power generation zone in which is disposed a power generator. More preferably, the biosensor additionally includes a digital information zone in which is disposed at least one digital device.
The above-mentioned and other advantages of the present invention, and the manner of obtaining them, will become more apparent and the invention itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of the embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the specific embodiments illustrated herein and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications in the described processes or devices, and any further applications of the principles of the invention as described herein, are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
Generally, the test strips embodied by the present invention provide for testing of an analyte in a bodily or other fluid using multiple electrode functionalities that are provided on board the test strips. In the sample receiving chamber, multiple electrode sets can be formed which perform the same or different functions. The novel electrical features of the embodiments disclosed herein extend beyond the concept of "measurement functionalities," however. Indeed, it is helpful to view test strips embodying the present invention as having individual "zones," each zone including electrical devices having a specific functionality. For example, in addition to a measurement zone in which fluid sample is received and analyzed, test strips disclosed herein may provide user interface, digital, and power generation zones that have been hitherto unavailable in test strip architecture.
General Description
Turning now to
For example, the electrical devices included in the measurement zone typically have functionalities related to the measurement (or correction of measurement) of the fluid sample being interrogated. Examples of these electrical devices include macro and micro-electrode sets, dose detection electrodes, sample sufficiency electrodes, temperature correction or temperature measurement electrodes, thermistors and the like. While the measurement zone is illustrated at a dosing end 212 of the strip, it should be understood that the measurement zone may alternatively occupy other locations on the strip, e.g., a side of the strip, as is known in the art.
The electrical devices in the user interface zone typically are electrically driven signal generators which emit a visible, audible or tactile signal upon occurrence of a "triggering event." As described in more detail below, the signal generator may be a light that illuminates or turns off after a sufficiently sized sample has been received in the measurement zone, the latter event being the "triggering event." The user interface zone is in some embodiments electrically wired to the measurement zone and/or other zones of the test strip.
The power generation zone includes one or more power generators that provide power to one or more other electrical devices disposed on or in the test strip. Typically, the power generator comprises a battery, but it could also comprise a capacitor or even a solar cell, depending upon the power requirements of the electrical device the power generator is going to drive and the specific functionality of that device.
Digital devices such as RFID tags, integrated circuits and the like are disposed within the digital zone and may be wired to the electrical pattern. In other embodiments, the electrical pattern that is disposed in the digital zone is itself encoded with digital information and thus comprises yet another type of digital device.
Finally, the instrument connection zone includes electrical devices, typically contact pads, that electrically link to an instrument (not shown) which includes driving circuitry and metering circuitry. The driving circuitry provides a known current and/or potential through contacts 216 and monitors the current and/or voltage response over a period of time. The metering circuitry correlates the monitored current, impedance and voltage response to estimated analyte concentration or other aspect of the analyte. While the instrument connection zone is preferably disposed on a meter insertion end 214 of the strip, this need not necessarily be the case. The instrument zone could be located on a side of the strip or could be located on the end as shown, but could also include contact pads that are disposed at various locations on the top, bottom or sides of the test strip.
Strip Architecture and Components.
With further reference to
The electrical pattern 222 includes contacts or contact pads 216, which, as described above, can be electrically linked to an instrument that reads strip 200. Traces 223 run lengthwise along strip 200 and are typically used to connect electrical devices to the contact pads 216 or to connect two or more electrical devices on or in strip 200 together. For example, substrate 220 includes a measuring electrode set 228 coated by a reagent 229 and a sample sufficiency electrode set 230, the operation of which are described in detail in the Dose Sufficiency, Slot Vent Opening, and DEVICES AND METHODS RELATING TO ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS applications, all of which were incorporated by reference above. These electrode sets are connected to their respective contact pads by traces 230 and 232 and in turn through traces 223 as shown.
User interface devices comprising L-shaped micro-electrode arrays 224 are formed on base substrate 220 and are coated with organic light emitting diodes ("OLEDs") 226, which illuminate upon a voltage being provided across arrays 224. The voltage is applied or removed upon or after the occurrence of a triggering event, as described in more detail below. Similarly, micro-electrode set 234 formed on substrate 220 is coated with a second OLED 236 that illuminates or turns off upon the occurrence of the same or a different triggering event, as is also described in more detail below.
A power generator 238 is provided on strip 200 and can be used to power various other electrical devices present on the strip, as explained below. Many suitable power generators are commercially available and can be employed as power generator 238, but power generator 238 should preferably be formed as a small and especially thin material so as not to significantly increase the thickness of test strip 200.
Test strip 200 includes digital device 246, which is shown in
Laminated to base substrate 220 is a spacer layer 256, formed, e.g., from a 4 or 5 mil thick Melinex� 329, 339 or 453 material available from DuPont Teijin Films. In certain embodiments, particularly those including light emitters such as OLEDs 226 and 236, it is preferable that the spacer layer material be clear or translucent so that the OLEDs are visible when lit. The Melinex� 453 material works well for this purpose. Spacer layer 256 forms a void 258 that defines the height and perimeter of the sample receiving chamber 218 (
A covering layer 262 overlies and is laminated to spacer layer 256. Covering layer 262 is also preferably made from a transparent Melinex� film that is about 4-5 mils thick. Covering layer 262 overlies most of void 258 and forms the ceiling or top boundary for sample receiving camber 218. The cover terminates short of the full length of void 258 and thereby forms a vent opening 264 as shown. Vent 264 allows air to be displaced from chamber 218 as fluid sample enters it. As can be appreciated with respect to
Optionally, to reduce the extent to which devices 238 and 246 protrude from strip 200, cover layer 262 may extend further toward meter insertion end 214, such that it is coextensive with layer 256. The cover 262 would then be formed with a hole overlying the void 258 to form the vent. Alternatively, the cover could be formed in two pieces forming a gap therebetween, as described in the Slot Vent Opening application, incorporated by reference above. This longer spacer layer may also include cut-outs that align with cutouts 260 and 261 and reduce the extent to which devices 238 and 246 protrude from strip 200. Typically, however, it is preferable for electrical devices in the user interface or power generation zones to be sufficiently thin such that they can be covered by covering layer 262 for protection from electromagnetic interference.
Electrical Pattern.
The electrical patterns for use with embodiments incorporating the present invention are typically formed by broad field laser ablation, which is described in detail in the METHOD OF MAKING A BIOSENSOR application that was incorporated by reference above. This method allows several electrical functionalities to be located within and outside of measurement zone 202—with room to spare on an already very small test strip. For example, arrow 240 in
Measurement Zone.
Generally, the measurement zone incorporating the present invention can vary widely insofar as the type and quantity of functionalities provided therein. Turning to
As mentioned, the voltage or potential is preferably not applied across electrode set 228 until the sample chamber has filled with the requisite volume of sample. In this connection, sample sufficiency electrode set 230 is provided at a downstream location in chamber 218. When fluid has wetted electrode set 230, its resistance or impedance (which can be intermittently monitored by applying a voltage to the contact pads 216 connected to electrode set 230) will drop, thereby indicating sample has reached the interior end of the chamber and sufficient sample has thus been received. A potential or series of potentials can thereafter be driven across electrode set 228 to perform the measurement. Sample sufficiency electrodes suitable for use with the present invention are disclosed in the Dose Sufficiency application that was incorporated by reference above. Additionally, once the sample sufficiency electrodes indicate that sufficient sample has been received, they can be used for other measurements, as also disclosed in the Dose Sufficiency application. It should also be understood that a single sample sufficiency electrode could be used and a voltage applied across it and one of the measurement electrodes for testing.
Turning now to
In the embodiment shown in
Even though it contains five electrode sets, sample receiving chamber 324 nonetheless has a very small volume, on the order of less than about 500 nl.
Turning now to
In the embodiment shown in
The second electrode pair 406 comprises two electrodes of five fingers each. These fingers are each about 50 μm wide with a separation of about 30 μm between them. Each electrode in the second pair connects to a conductive trace 428 to be electrically connected to a contact 426, which contacts are used to drive and measure for a first correction factor such as hematocrit based on the analyte interaction with the second pair of electrodes.
The third electrode pair 408 is also a micro-electrode configuration, with each of the two electrodes in the third pair 408 having five fingers interdigitated with the five in the other electrode. Each finger is again about 50 μm wide, with a gap of about 30 μm between them. Each electrode in the third pair 408 is connected via a conductive trace 428 to a contact 426, which contacts are used to drive and measure for a second correction factor such as temperature based on the analyte interaction with the second pair of electrodes.
The fourth set of electrodes comprises sample sufficiency electrodes 410 that signal when the sample has filled the chamber such that electrode sets 404, 406 and 408 can then be driven to perform their respective measurement functions.
The fifth functionality in the measurement zone of strip 400 relates to fault detect traces 412 and 413 for electrode set 404. Trace 413 connects to counter electrode 434 and is used to correct variant voltage across the pair, whereas fault detect trace 412 on working electrode 432 compensates for measured current. Additionally, traces 412 and 413 can be used to apply a potential between the primary traces and the fault detect traces to determine whether there are any defects in the primary traces. This fault detection feature is fully described in the Quality Assurance application that was incorporated by reference above.
Even with five electrical devices or functionalities provided in the measurement zone, the sample receiving chamber 424 nonetheless has a very small volume, on the order of less than about 500 nl.
Turning now to
One advantage of the system shown in
As with the embodiments illustrated above, it should be appreciated that a large portion 538 is available in the middle of substrate 502 and could be configured to support additional electrical devices.
Power Generation
Returning now to
Other power generators 238 could be substituted for the battery just described. For example, if only a short burst of energy is needed, for example to light a diode or produce a short audible sound, a super capacitor or ultra-cap modified to have a very slim profile could be used as power generator 238. In use, for example, in one embodiment, strip 200 would be inserted into the instrument (not shown) for strip identification, strip integrity checks, temperature determination, and charging the capacitor or other power storage element. The self-powered strip is then removed from the instrument, placed at the dose site, and returned to the instrument for measurement computation and display.
In view of the teachings herein, one of skill in the art would readily recognize other power generators that could be employed as power generator 238. It is preferable, however, that the power generator be as thin as possible so as not to significantly increase the thickness of the test strip.
Digital Devices.
Still referring to
As noted above, digital device 246 could be provided as an on-board integrated circuit with computing power, powered by battery 238 and connected thereto by traces 248. Two commercially available examples include Texas Instruments MSP430C11 and MicroChip PIC 12F675 integrated low power micro-controllers for governing sample acquisition and rudimentary measurements to support dosing the strip without the strip being inserted in the meter. As yet another option, device 246 could be provided in the form of a conventional wired storage device such as a MicroChip 24AA01 1K bit serial EEPROM, in which event it would include data such as lot code, calibration data and the like.
As shown in
Optionally, a photodiode sensor could be mounted on the test strip in the digital device zone or elsewhere to detect an environmental condition such as ambient light. The meter could then apply a voltage to the micro-electrode arrays such as micro-electrode arrays 224 so that they illuminate the measurement zone. One of skill in the art should thus appreciate that the term "digital device" for purposes of this application is somewhat broader than its common usage in the art, in that it includes devices such as a photodiode or similar devices that may be provided in the digital zone.
User Interface Devices.
As briefly described earlier, the test strip 200 shown in
Electrode arrays 224 are wired through traces 223 to contact pads 216. Thus, a "triggering event" occurs when strip 200 is inserted into a meter (not shown), upon which event the circuitry of the meter recognizes that a strip has been inserted and produces a voltage across electrode sets 224. In turn, the coatings 226 illuminate. If the strip 200 is being used in conditions of dim lighting, the OLED coating advantageously illuminates the sample receiving chamber 218 so that the user can visually confirm that the fluid sample is contacting the correct part of the strip 200 and that the sample fluid is being drawn into the strip. As noted above, the spacer and covering layers forming test strip 200 are preferably transparent or translucent such that the light emitted from the OLEDs is visible through them.
OLED 236 can be configured to illuminate (or turn off) upon sufficient sample being received in the sample receiving chamber. Sample sufficiency electrodes 230 are wired through traces 223 to contact pads 216 and in turn to the meter (not shown) that reads the strips. Once the meter detects from electrodes 230 that the chamber is filled with the requisite size sample, the meter can apply a voltage across electrode set 234 through the appropriate contact pads 216 and traces 223. OLED 236 will then illuminate, thereby providing the user a positive visual indication that the chamber has been properly filled.
The sample receiving chamber 612 includes three different electrical devices or functionalities: a measurement electrode set 614, a thermistor 616 and a sample sufficiency electrode set 618. Electrode set 614 is connected to traces 620, which terminate in contact pads 622 disposed at meter connection zone 610 of the strip. The sample sufficiency electrode set 618 is part of a circuit which includes a micro-electrode array 624 having an OLED 626 coated thereon and a battery 628. Electrical devices 618, 624 and 628 are wired in series by traces 630, 632 and 634. Traces 630 and 634 terminate in the power generation zone 606 with contact pads 636 (shown in phantom) to which the battery 628 is connected. The second or bifurcated user interface zone 604′ includes a traditional diode 638 wired by traces 620 to contact pads 622.
In use, the strip is dosed with a sample that is drawn into chamber 612 by capillary action. In the embodiments described above, the sample sufficiency electrodes were adapted to be driven by circuitry from a meter to which the strip is inserted. The embodiment in
Turning now to
Optionally, additional digits and associated contact pads and traces can be provided with display 712 on substrate 700. The design of the test strip with this numerical display should balance (1) the desire to keep the strips small, (2) the need to make the display large enough to be read by even those users with impaired vision, and (3) the space required from substrate 700 to accommodate the traces, contact pads, and digits. A test strip having a base substrate 700 as shown in
In use, the test strip having substrate 700 is inserted into a meter (not shown), a fluid sample is provided to sample receiving chamber 702, and the meter calculates the numerical estimate of analyte concentration. Thereupon, the circuitry in the meter drives voltages across selective ones of the contact pads 710 to illuminate a number on display 712 that corresponds to the estimate of analyte concentration. If only one digit were provided in display 712 as shown in
Alternatively, the analyte concentration might be displayed by sequentially displaying digits. For example, "126" mg/dL might be displayed as a "1" followed by a "2", followed by a "6", and the sequence terminated with a unique symbol to indicate completion and avoid user confusion. In this manner, a three-digit whole number can be conveyed to the user with a single digit display.
With three digits, a whole number for mg/dl concentration can be displayed all at once, as is typically done with traditional glucose meters.
Forming the test strips or biosensors as flattened articles offers several advantages, especially in terms of storing and dispensing, as described in the Dispenser application incorporated above, but it is expected that one skilled in the art can apply the teachings herein to other test devices. The inventive display as well as other features described above may be employed in other test devices that have, e.g., a cylindrical body. Examples of these other test devices include environmental, food testing and other such testing devices. Even biosensors incorporating the inventive features described herein, while generally comprising a flat and thin shape, may have portions thereof that are sized and shaped to accommodate various electrical devices, as described above.
OLED Working Examples.
Polymer light-emitting devices are typically configured as a thin film (e.g., about 0.1 microns of a polymer such as polyparaphenylene vinylene) sandwiched between two different metallic electrodes. The anode is transparent and lies on a transparent substrate. The typical combination is indium tin oxide on glass. The experiments below, however, employ a light emitting polymer coated onto a micro-electrode interdigitated array (IDA) in which the electrodes are co-planar.
To preparing the coating, 0.012 g of tris (2,2′-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) hexahydrate (CAS Registry No. 50525-27-4) was combined with 1 ml of acetonitrile. The compound did not completely dissolve. Deionized water was then added dropwise until the ruthenium compound completely dissolved.
Two functional interdigitated micro-electrode arrays (IDAs) were used. The IDAs had 750 pairs of interdigitated fingers with each finger having a width of 2 μm, a length of 6 mm, and a spacing between the next closest finger (i.e., gap width) of about 2 μm. The IDAs were custom fabricated on a silicon wafer by Premitec Inc., Raleigh, N.C. The IDAs were each coated with 2011 of the solution just described. The coated IDAs were then placed in a desiccator and allowed to dry. The reagent coatings did not dry uniformly and had a ridge around the circumference of the coating.
Using a BAS 100 W electrochemical potentiostat, a 3 volt potential was applied across the micro-electrode arrays, whereupon light was emitted from the coatings. Both electrodes were tested several times with light being emitted from the coating on application of about 3 volts. A Keithley 236 "Source Measure Unit" was than setup as a better voltage source for future measurements.
In order to obtain a better coating than that obtained in Example I, a solution of 1% PVP 25k (BASF) was prepared in deionized water. The ruthenium compound used in Example I was then mixed with the PVP solution in a 1:1 ratio and the resulting solution was applied to several additional IDAs. The first IDA had a spacing between the interdigitated fingers of approximately 2μ/m as described above and the other had a finger spacing of approximately 21μm and 50 finger pairs. This second IDA had a finger width of 21μm, a finger length of 6 mm and was formed on a Upilex substrate also custom fabricated by Premitec. The coating composition containing the PVP produced a uniform coating on both types of IDA's.
Using the Keithley SMU-236, a three (3) volt potential was applied across the IDA with the 21μm finger spacing, but this voltage was not sufficient to cause the OLED to illuminate. Three (3) volts was also applied across the IDA with the 2 μm finger spacing, which caused the OLED to illuminate with good intensity. Increasing the voltage on the 2 μm IDA increased the intensity. Voltages of about 10-20V were required to produce reasonable intensities in the IDA with the 21 μm gap width between the fingers.
The electrodes used in the preceding examples were left at room temperature and humidity and the experiments described above repeated at approximately 1-2 month intervals. The OLEDs still illuminated with the same voltages used in the previous examples.
Other OLEDs.
It is anticipated that substituting other polymers in the OLED matrix used in the experiments above may improve the results, in terms of the voltage required to illuminate and the overall intensity achieved with a given voltage. One such compound is Poly(styrenesulfonate)/poly(2,3-dihydrothieno(3,4b)-1,4-dioxin), available from Aldrich. Other Poly(sodium, 4-styrenesulfonate) compounds may also perform well or better than the polymer used in the above examples. One of skill in the art would recognize that many other known light emitting compounds may work suitable as OLEDs for use in the biosensors disclosed herein.
While a preferred embodiment incorporating the principles of the present invention has been disclosed hereinabove, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Instead, as noted above, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 11, 2004
Owner name: ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS OPERATIONS, INC., INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BUHLLAR, RAGHBIR S.;HILL, BRIAN S.;BEATY, TERRY A.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015234/0651;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041001 TO 20041007
Owner name: ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS OPERATIONS, INC., INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BUHLLAR, RAGHBIR S.;HILL, BRIAN S.;BEATY, TERRY A.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041001 TO 20041007;REEL/FRAME:015234/0651
|Jun 24, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 23, 2015
Owner name: ROCHE DIABETES CARE, INC., INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS OPERATIONS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:036008/0670
Effective date: 20150302


text:
Arabic NightsFavorites [+]
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Running Time: 173 minutes
Released: 09/2011
Studio Name: MEGA-FILM
Categories: Euro Interracial International All Sex German Speaking
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Butterick 2904; ca. 1944; Women's and Misses' Blouse: Frill Trim. Captivating, completely feminine frills ripple around the neckline and sleeves, the latter in view A, of this buttoned-down-the-front blouse. Have a capricious bow at the neck, if you choose ... shown in views A and C. Sleeves in two lengths.
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- Mrs. Depew Vintage
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text:
|2006-07-04, 03:08
|Link #1441
Join Date: Nov 2003
Others may object but I find airbrushing easy. The first time I used one, and I got a perfect spray. No orange peel, no fisheyes, just a nice flat even coat. When I first started handpainting with a brush, I kept getting brush marks. Even now I still get em from time to time.
Airbrushing has the highest start up cost, but allows for much greater flexibility and effects, while hand brushing is relatively cheap, but requires extensive practice and/or great skill to achieve a passable finish. Of course you can't just get one or the other. Even with an airbrush you will require brushes for detail work and washes and among other things.
I personally like Enamels over Acrylics and Lacquers. I live in NYC so Lacquer fumes are way too nasty. Tamiya acrylics with the exception of their clear/smokes are crap every time I've tried em. PollyScale acrylics I've been using more frequently as they seem to be alot more durable are available in many more shades. Oh and hand brushing with acrylics is a big no no. I primarily work with Testors Model Master line of enamels as they seem to have the perfect balance of toxicity and durability. Fumes are bareable and they seem more durable than the acrylics I've been using. I also use artist oils for panel washes.
BTW if you're going to get an airbrush, you MUST get a face mask with organic paint filters. Not one of those cheapo dirt/dust masks, but a real painters mask.
|2006-07-04, 04:25
|Link #1442
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
OMG. Airbrushing does require a high start-up cost. A compressor costs 450 bucks in Aus, and a good airbrush is around 60 bucks i think? Then, there's the paint and the mask. And pretty much a new desk with lamp on it. Hmmm, modelling IS a high cost hobby, like my photography hobby. Lolz
|2006-07-04, 09:38
|Link #1444
Senior Member
Join Date: Oct 2004
Just in case no one has mentioned this yet:
1/100 Legend apparently contains parts so that the stand will be compatible with your 1/100 Destiny, Strike Freedom, or Infinite Justice (in case you do not have a stand for any of those).
Just passing along what my friend in Japan told me.
|2006-07-04, 10:05
|Link #1445
Join Date: Nov 2003
It shouldn't be THAT expensive. I bought my startup setup; compressor and a Badger 360 for around 280 USD like 3 years ago. You could probably by the same thing for around 200 now. I also bought a Badger 150 for around $70 USD as a secondary/backup airbrush. Its a great steal at the price.
|2006-07-04, 18:35
|Link #1446
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
Age: 41
Price of an MG Sazabi Kit: $90
Price of rebuilding it the first time: $10 (base, paints, etc)
Price of Core Works Sazabi Conversion Kit: $180
Price of rebuilding the Sazabi to incorporate the above conversion kit: $50
Having Yutaka Izubuchi (Designer of the Sazabi) siting down infront of the third rebuilt Sazabi, signing the Sazabi's shield.... Priceless
|2006-07-04, 22:08
|Link #1451
Senior Member
Needs translation of what MG kit to what conversion kit from CORE-WOrKS plz >.> .
|2006-07-04, 23:04
|Link #1452
Count of Monte Dorifto
Ah damn, I want an MG Strike Freedom BADLY in some way, the 1/100 looks horribly disproportioned, the 1/144 is too small, and the 1/60 is far too large >.<
The 1/100 scale range only needs the Akatsuki's (if they're not planning to release a Saviour 1/100 or Blast Impulse) and then I guess they'll move on to making Master Grades? Aside from the Freedom Extra Finish of course.
How long did it take for the release of MG Aile Strike and Freedom to be released after the first SEED finished release?
An MG SF would probably my last, final prime model I'd ever get, unless another overpowered, better mecha is released, lol v.v...
|2006-07-05, 09:09
|Link #1454
Old Type Level 99.99%
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: on Earth
expect to pay around 15000-20000 yen if you can get one
|2006-07-05, 09:34
|Link #1455
I can see time itself!
|2006-07-05, 14:11
|Link #1457
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
Age: 41
The con went very well... to an extent. Major issues like lining up to get tickets for an event only to line up again after getting said tickets to go to an event.... lame. Folks invariably spent 6 hours in line to see a less than spectacular Masquarade....
But in terms of the model building workshop.. I think it went very well... The model competition has the same complaints I've had about it since last year's pathetic contribution level. More on that here:
Con report complete with pictures and my commentary on things.
|2006-07-06, 08:06
|Link #1459
Zander Yuusha Kyorugold
1/144hg verde buster preview
|2006-07-06, 10:11
|Link #1460
Junior Member
Join Date: Jul 2006
gundam perfect grade model spare parts??
Hi Guys,
I have recently completed a perfect grade gundam RX-78-2 kit (as pictured on this page: http://www.gundamstoreandmore.com/rxgunpergrad.html) -- and to my horror I realize I've somehow lost the small red part that goes smack in the center of his forehead! I've looked everywhere (including tearing open every vacuum bag in the house) and have given up hope. Can anyone think of any way I might be able to get my hands on a replacement for this part, (short of buying a whole new robot)? Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!
|gundam, gunpla, model kit, toy
|Thread Tools


text:
15 Books to Empower Tween Girls
Learn about good books that will empower young girls, tweens and teens. Shop books for girls on Overstock.com.
ITEM#: 14098094Idolized and adored, but also regarded with jealousy and envy, the aasimars of Golarion count among their ancestors the greatest forces of good throughout the Great Beyond. They are the descendants of majestic angels, beatific celestials, and mysterious but kindly outsiders who have long sought to guide and protect the mortal realm. Yet merely having the blood of angels in your veins does not guarantee security in life, nor does it ensure a kindly soul - few villains are more despised than those who have wandered so far from grace as the fallen aasimar. A companion volume to Blood of Fiends, Blood of Angels explores all that it is to be an aasimar, including an extensive discussion of aasimar culture and society, but also presenting numerous variations on the standard aasimar character. Rules for aasimars of specific celestial heritiages (angels, archons, agathions, azatas, garudas, and peris), new feats and magic, variant aasimar abilities and features, new options for bards, clerics, inquisitors, oracles, sorcerers, summoners, and more await revelation in this Pathfinder Player Companion!
|GAMES / Role Playing & Fantasy
|Publisher Date
|2012-08-14 00:00:00.0
|Paizo Pub Llc
|Copyright Year
|11.0 in
|8.5 in
|0.25 in
|Unit weight
|0.3 lb
|Series Name
|Pathfinder Player Companion
|Scott, Amber E.
|Country of Origin
|United States
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text:
The $1 Homes That Could Cost $40,000-Plus
Want to buy a house for less than the cost of a cup of coffee? Well, you can. Sort of.
Cities like Kansas City, MO, and Buffalo, NY, are selling vacant homes—and the property they sit on—for a buck apiece. The catch (and you knew there was one, right?) is that the homes are usually dilapidated, abandoned, and located in some of the worst parts of the cities. Oh yeah—and they're expected to cost tens of thousands of dollars to fix up enough that anyone could even imagine moving in.
So are they really worth a crisp George Washington?
"You have young people who have ... more energy than money, and they want to have a place," says David Crook, author of "The Wall Street Journal Complete Real-Estate Investing Guidebook." "It might be a good idea for them."
The very best candidates? Would-be owners who have a background in construction. "If you can do a lot of the work yourself, you can cut those expenses tremendously," he says.
Kansas City is currently selling 135 wrecks (aka houses) for $1. The properties are empty city tax foreclosures that didn't sell at auctions. Most were built in the 1910s and 1920s in what are now in "forlorn" parts of the inner city, says Ted Anderson, executive director of the Land Bank of Kansas City, MO.
Those interested in scooping them up must have a clean criminal record, enough funds in their bank accounts to pay for the renovations, and need to submit a bid by April 1 detailing the work they plan to do to the property. The board of the bank will then vote on the proposals.
The Land Bank had already received 25 applications for the homes—and more than 2,500 calls, emails and visits from interested buyers as of Wednesday morning, Anderson says. The properties were first shown to interested (and qualified) buyers late last week.
You'll definitely shell out more than $1
"They're not in great shape," Anderson concedes of the $1 homes. "They all need new roofs, new windows and doors, new electrical, new plumbing, and new heating and air-conditioning. Some of them need foundation work too." Piece of cake!
He says he expects the new owners will need to sink $30,000 to $40,000 into the properties to make them inhabitable.
Those estimates are on the low side, says William Brackmann, president of Brackmann Construction, a home remodeling company in the Kansas City suburb of Belton, MO.
He pegs the costs as closer to $50,000, after factoring in expenses like a new roof, which itself can run up to $10,000, and repairing a building foundation, which can cost up to $15,000. And that doesn't include niceties like new cabinets, countertops, and even faucets.
Experienced handymen can probably get materials for about $25,000 and do the work themselves, he says.
Once the Kansas City homes are renovated (within a year) and owners are living in them, the city will offer up $8,500 to defray the costs of the work.
Any properties that don't sell are slated to meet the wrecking ball and will then be turned into green or art spaces.
"We hope the people who live in those neighborhoods buy those houses," says the Land Bank's Anderson. "It will help repair the fabric of the neighborhoods."
Land for sale, too—with conditions
Some cities are also trying to unload empty lots for the bargain-basement price of (you guessed it) $1.
In Chicago, prospective buyers must already own property on the same block to score a $1 lot. In Milwaukee, they must own and live in the property bordering the vacant lot. Or they can buy land in the Bronzeville District of the city to put up houses on.
Buyers in Buffalo have also long been able to scoop up land, as well as dilapidated homes, for the same price tag. But prospective $1 home owners in the former manufacturing city must prove they have at least $5,000 in the bank to rehab the structures.
It can also be tough to secure financing for the repairs from traditional lenders, such as banks, on run-down properties that don't have much collateral, says Eric Tyson, co-author of "Home Buying for Dummies."
"You've got to have cash available," he says.
And purchasers need to have the properties inspected thoroughly to make sure they're even habitable, says Robert Silverman, an urban planning professor at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York.
"There are always unknowns when you get involved with properties that might be older and might have some kind of environmental issues, like lead or asbestos," he says. And demolishing a structure that poses a health threat to potential residents can be costly.
Owners must also consider the future.
Kansas City home remodeler Brackmann says he wouldn't buy one of these less-than-the-cost-of-a-candy-bar houses, because owners might end up shelling out more for renovations than they can recoup when they sell it.
"If you have a nice home in a neighborhood full of condemned homes, who is going to buy it?" he says. "And who is going to pay a reasonable price for that property?"


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Possible Long Term Effects:
The Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex has two forms, forward and backward:
TLR provides the baby with a means of learning about gravity and mastering neck and head control outside the womb. This reflex gives the baby opportunities to practice balance, increase muscle tone and develop the proprioceptive and vestibular senses. Eventually the TLR interacts with other reflexes and bodily processes to help the child develop coordination, posture and correct head alignment from infancy through toddlerhood.
It is critical for the TLR to do its "job" because correct alignment of the head with the rest of the body is necessary for balance, visual tracking, auditory processing and organized muscle tone, all of which are vital to the ability to focus and pay attention.
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|Message view
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|"Runping Qi (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Created: (HADOOP-1277) The class generated by Hadoop Record rcc should provide a static method to return the DDL string
|Fri, 20 Apr 2007 06:03:15 GMT
The class generated by Hadoop Record rcc should provide a static method to return the DDL string ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Key: HADOOP-1277 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HADOOP-1277 Project: Hadoop Issue Type: New Feature Reporter: Runping Qi The method will look like: public static string getDDL(); With this class, when a map/reduce job write out sequence file swith such a generated class as its value class, the job can also save the DDL of the class into a file. With such a file around, we can implement a record reader that can generate the required class on demand, thus, can read a sequence file of Hadoop Records without having the class a priori. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - You can reply to this email to add a comment to the issue online.
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Serenity 1BDR Apartment Natali
The Space
Guest Access
Free parking and separate entrance
Interaction with Guests
You can contact us anytime :)
The Neighborhood
It's the perfect location if you want to enjoy a peaceful and restful vacation but still stay close to Dubrovnik.
House Rules: Guests are responsible for their belongings left in the accommodation. Owners will not held responsibility for the subsequent loss.
When going out, be sure to lock the doors and windows, close sunshades, switch off the lights and all electrical appliances (TV, air-conditioning, stove, etc.).
Guests are responsible for their behavior during their stay. In the case of an accident they shall bear the consequences themselves. Destruction of equipment and furniture, causing disorder and disturbance of other guests is prohibited and it is forbidden to remove appliances and equipment from the premises. In the event of disappearance or damage to accommodation, the guest is obliged to notify the owner. If this occurred due to the guests' fault, full reimbursement will be requested.
If the owners have any reason to believe that house rules are violated; the guests have to let them enter in the accommodation in order to check the situation.
It is not allowed to bring any weapon, inflammable or explosive substances or products with strong or unpleasant smell. In the event of disregard of house rules, the owner has the right to refuse further service.


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Are our expectations too high?
View Single Post
Join Date: Apr 2011
Location: Southern California
Posts: 83
Originally Posted by
It may very well be that you do have expectations of things progressing faster than what may be reasonable for just meeting someone.
When you were single and dating, did you expect exclusivity so soon into a relationship (you've only had a "few" face to face dates)?
I imagine, the distance can make meeting more often very stressful, especially as you are just getting to know each other.
I have been in the process of making new friends lately (not date potentials) and a few of them I see once a week, while others I might see once a month. I don't see this as too infrequent for just getting to know new people. That I know it's not just a one time thing does make a difference and I also talk to a few online occasionally. We all have extremely busy lives, jobs and families that require most of our attention.
I've only had 2 serious relationships.. 1 was my ex whom I married and divorced years later.. and then J who I have been with for 6 years. Both relationships did move incredibly fast, so I think that I just don't know how to date slow *sigh*
When I was single between my ex and J, for about a year, I just had casual sex with a few people.. I saw them all pretty regularly, about once a week or so, but I never had any intention of developing serious feelings for them and honestly one of them felt really led on. Poor communication on both of our parts, especially mine though.
I think because I did act so casually (not that there is anything wrong with it, it's just not for me now..or for us), I stay away from that behavior at all costs.
Bi-sexual poly female dating J (straight, poly male)
View Public Profile
Find all posts by gamerprincess


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The air-conditioned hotel has 247 rooms and suites, a lobby with 24-hour reception and check-out service, currency exchange facilities, cloakroom, lift access and hotel safe. Guests can relax in the hotel caf�, bar, TV lounge and games room or indulge in the hotel's hairdressing salon. The international conference centre has a large conference hall with a capacity of 300 and two smaller meeting rooms, suitable for a variety of functions, all of which are equipped with an advanced multilingual instant interpretation system. The hotel also offers other service facilities, such as a business centre, ticket box office, bank and post office. Guests may enjoy a meal at the hotel restaurant. WLAN Internet access is available in the whole building, and the establishment also provides room and laundry services, a car park and a garage.
This city hotel is only a 5-minute walk from the nearest underground station and 22 minutes from the Guangzhou Tianhe railway station. The number 5 airport express station is located at the hotel, and it takes only 45 minutes to get to New Baiyun International Airport with the airport express.
A combination of warm tones and spacious design provides guests with the ideal place to relax in utter comfort. All rooms have an en suite bathroom with shower, bathtub and hairdryer and come with air conditioning, free mineral water and tea bags, British satellite TV, Internet access, direct dial telephone, radio, minibar and safety deposit box. Double or king-size beds come in each room as standard.
The spa and health centre offers sauna and massage treatments, while the beauty salon provides diverse treatments for hair, skin and nails, for both men and women. There is also a disco with karaoke facilities, a table tennis room and a gym.
At the Violet Caf�, guests can savour that universally appreciated custom, be it East or West: a cup of rich and tasty coffee. The hotel restaurant serves Chinese cuisine, which can be enjoyed in the typical ""Xi-Guan"" setting. Guests can expect popular dishes from the north and south, Chiu-Chow cold cuts and various signature dishes. Not forgetting the special salad bar, offering hearty yet healthy food. A buffet is served at breakfast.
American Express, Diners Club, JCB, MasterCard and VISA are accepted as methods of payment.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
Internet access
Double bed
King size bed
Central airconditioned
Wheelchair accessible
Disabled bathroom


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· Weekly Newsletter
January 16, 2014
· Parish Bulletin
December 27, 2013
· BASILICA Magazine
December 6, 2013
Friday of week 15 in Ordinary Time, or...
When all words fail, clay, paint or metal become the primary medium for communication. Over the centuries, the visual arts have become the primary tool in the communication of the message of the Gospel. Today, the sacred arts fulfill the same God-given mission.
The artists-in-residence program was established in 1996. The intent of the program is to attract artistic talent to the Basilica and to give artists the opportunity to present sacred art under the patronage of the Basilica. The Rose Ensemble has had an ongoing musical relationship with The Basilica of Saint Mary since the inception of the program.
Permanent Collection
Throughout the campus, visitors will encounter works of art that tell our story. Some speak about our faith tradition; others relay the story of our local community. Together they present a visual image of the rich tapestry of Catholic Christians living in twentieth century Minneapolis.
John XXIII Gallery
Some Collections


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Stephen Strasburg has been named the NL Player of the week.
I find this rather surprising. Based on everything we've seen and heard, one would think that he'd be at least worthy of player of the half-century.
Stephen Strasburg has been named the NL Player of the week.
I find this rather surprising. Based on everything we've seen and heard, one would think that he'd be at least worthy of player of the half-century.
Tacoma Rainiers' broadcaster Mike Curto reports that the White Sox have acquired veteran right-handed relievers Mark Lowe and Jean Machi from the Mariners in exchange for cash considerations. Neither team has officially confirmed the deal yet.
Lowe, 34, signed a minor league deal with the Mariners in late March. He pitched to a 6.23 ERA in Triple-A Tacoma and tacked on a 4.6 BB/9 and 8.5 SO/9 through 39 innings. He last appeared in the majors with the Tigers, and finished his run in 2016 with a 7.11 ERA through 49 1/3 innings before getting released by the club prior to the 2017 season.
Machi, 35, struggled to find a place in the Mariners' bullpen this season. A nerve issue in his thumb derailed his efforts at the start of 2017, and he was outrighted to Triple-A after pitching to a 1.17 ERA through 7 2/3 innings in Seattle. In Tacoma, the right-hander's numbers weren't too shabby: he split his efforts between the rotation and bullpen and worked a collective 3.44 ERA, 2.0 BB/9 and 7.1 SO/9 through 36 2/3 innings.
Lowe and Machi will help flesh out a White Sox bullpen that has been depleted by recent injuries and trades. They're expected to report to Chicago's Triple-A affiliate in Charlotte and could see time in the big leagues by the end of the season.
Yoenis Cespedes told Susan Slusser of the San Francisco Chronicle that he wants to finish his career with the Athletics, according to an exclusive interview released on Friday. The Mets' 31-year-old outfielder praised Oakland manager Bob Melvin, telling Slusser, "I don't think there's a better manager than Melvin" and adding that while he didn't know if a return to Oakland would be possible, his love for the city had not faded.
Melvin, for his part, said he wasn't surprised that the slugger wants another go-round with his first major league club, even if only as a final hurrah. Cespedes hit well over two and a half seasons with the A's, compiling a cumulative .262/.318/.470 batting line from 2012 to 2014 and enjoying two postseason runs with the club before he was traded for Jon Lester and Jonny Gomes in 2014.
There's been relatively little for Cespedes to complain about since his departure from Oakland, of course: he turned in a career-best performance in 2015, slashing .291/.328/.542 with 35 home runs and 6.7 fWAR in back-to-back gigs with the Tigers and Mets, and netted a whopping three-year, $75 million contract prior to the 2016 season. Still, there's something special about the A's, as the slugger relayed to teammate Jerry Blevins:
I told Blevins, 'I don't know how many years I'm going to play, but I'm going to play the last year of my career with Oakland.' I don't know if that's possible or not, but that's my goal.
Whether or not Cespedes gets his wish, it's unlikely he'll pursue any kind of deal with the A's for the time being. He's still owed $23.75 million in 2017 and 2018 and isn't scheduled to hit free agency until 2019.


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ANDREW M. GRELLER, Ph.D. to receive "2014 Outstanding Advocate for Science & Technology Award" presented by the Science Museum of Long Island, April 30th, 6pm to 8pm, at Westbury Manor
Science Museum of Long Island
Wednesday, April 30, 2014 at 6:00 PM (EDT)
Event Details
ANDREW M. GRELLER, Ph.D.
Recipient, "2014 Outstanding Advocate for Science & Technology Award"
The Science Museum of Long Island recently named Andrew M. Greller, Ph.D. as a recipient of a 2014 OUTSTANDING ADVOCATE FOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AWARD. Dr. Greller will be honored on Wednesday, April 30th at the Westbury Manor for his outstanding contributions toward the advancement and education of science and technology.
Please help support Dr. Greller in his goal to raise a minimum of $1,000 for this important fundraiser.
Proceeds support the Science Museum of Long Island's programs and services for the children and families of the region!
A summary of Dr. Greller's impressive list of accomplishments:
Andrew Greller, a native New Yorker, received the Ph.D. from Columbia University, in 1967. He is Professor Emeritus at the City University of New York (CUNY). Throughout his 30-year career at Queens College, he taught numerous college and university-level courses on botany, ecology and bioclimatology. He continues to be accredited to the graduate program in Biology at CUNY. He is a Research Associate of the New York Botanical Garden and, formerly, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. He is a member of or on the boards of several botanical and educational NGO's. He leads field trips and presents lectures on a wide range of botanical and ecological topics.
He won National Science Foundation (NSF) awards to participate in ecological research at theInstituteofArcticand Alpine Research (1970-72, INSTAAR),UniversityofColorado. He took a sabbatical leave in 1974 at theUniversityofCalifornia—Davis, where he audited courses by Barbour, Major, Webster and Axelrod, in the Botany Department. Working under the great paleobotanist, Daniel I. Axelrod, he studiedFloridaclimate, vegetation, and paleontology. He then developed vegetation-climate analyses of theDeciduousForestregion, easternMexico, all of easternNorth America, and most recently, comparisons across the Northern Hemisphere. He published results in leading scientific journals. He reviewed natural vegetation of North and Central America for a book edited by D.Lentz on Pre-Columbian life of the Americans, published by Columbia University Press. Further, he presented a paper to the XII International Association of Vegetation Scientists conference, in Ensenada, Mexico, on the "Bioclimatology of Evergreen Sclerophyll Woodlands." That is the zonal type of vegetation for Mediterranean Basin and climatically similar areas of the world.
In 1980, for his second sabbatical leave, he won a Fulbright Senior Lectureship and spent nearly a year in Sri Lanka, and later in south India, where he undertook research on composition, bioclimatology, and leaf-size analyses of tropical forests. He made important contributions to rainforest ecology in a number of publications, including one now In Press.
He has traveled extensively throughout the United States and the world, gaining in-depth knowledge of the biology of Caribbean region, Mexico, Galapagos Islands, the Mediterranean Basin, eastern and southern Africa and Madagascar, Sri Lanka and India, Thailand, and Japan; Australia and New Zealand. He voyaged around Cape Horn, studying Valdivian and Magellanic rainforests, the pampas and the steppes of Patagonia. In the summer of 2008 he visited Alaska and Suriname; in the fall New England and the Canadian Maritime Provinces. In the winters of 2009 and 2011, he visited Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Kitts, St. Maarten, Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Bonaire and Aruba. And in spring 2010, he toured the Baja California Peninsula, from Ensenada to los Cabos, with a group of vegetation scientists. Trips in Spring/Summer 2011 and 2012 included Danube River capitols; and trips to Romania, Estonia, New Caledonia and Fiji for native flora. In 2013, he visited Baltic capitols in Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Russia. For 2014, he is planning trips to Hawaii, Scotland and northern Italy.
The 2014 ADVOCATES FOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AWARDS takes place on Wednesday, April 30, 2014, 6pm to 8pm, at Westbury Manor. For more information, Tracey Gittere at (516) 222-0550 or email@example.com
When & Where
Westbury Manor
1100 Jericho Turnpike
Wednesday, April 30, 2014 at 6:00 PM (EDT)
Add to my calendar
Science Museum of Long Island
Chartered by the New York State Board of Regents in 1963, SMLI is a not-for-profit science activity center located in Plandome on the Leeds Pond Preserve in Nassau County. The Science Museum offers enrichment workshops for children on weekdays and during school vacations. SMLI provides teachers and community leaders with field trips as well as programs that can be brought onsite to field locations. Activities at the Science Museum are typically pre-registered hands-on science workshops.


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IEEEXtreme 9.0
- Details
- Category: IEEE Xtreme
- Published on 14 September 2015
- Written by Kévin Sartor
- Hits: 1528
It is now possible to sign up online for the IEEEXtreme!
Please note that, if you are not IEEE member, you will become so automatically for one year by participating to the IEEEXtreme. You will benefit from all our advantages if this is not yet the case!
As a reminder, IEEE members may participate for free, others 10€ (for the first 20 subsribers).


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We are finally back home and settled in after a month and a half of traveling. Around the end of September we stayed at Cà Gioiosa, for a week, with friends. How lucky can you get to find a place like this ! The house was perfect, very clean and comfortable in a secluded area but still close to everything.
The accommodations were first class: large comfortable bedrooms each with private bathroom, very well equipped kitchen with seperate dining and sitting areas. Flat screen TV, DVD player, etc. Plus a private balcony with a table and 4 chairs.
Most sites of interest in Emilia-Romagna are easily accesible during the day. And Fiona is to good to be true ! Really a great person, helpfull in every way, could not do enough to make us feel at home and help plan our week in that beautiful and very interesting area. Thanks to Fiona we visited an authentic Parmegiano Regiano storage and aging facility, bought our Balsamic vinegar in Spilamberto (not in Modena) and visited the medieval village of Castello di Serravalle before heading to a typical local market in the small town of Vignola (also renowned for its cherries).
The property surrounded by their small vineyard is ideally set up with a pool and a nice gazebo where we enjoyed numerous glasses of wine each day before supper. Fiona and Andrew would sometimes join us for a thorough debriefing of our day's sightseeing and pointers for the following one.
We had a most pleasant stay at Cà Gioiosa and strongly recommend it to our friends or anyone visiting this part of Italy. Actually, anyone planning a trip to Italy should include Emilia-Romagna (great in itself) just to experience Fiona's unequaled hospitality.
Suzanne and Robert, Montreal, Canada
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Pretty hillside vineyard holiday rental, vacation home extremely restful although only 30 minutes from Bologna Airport. 2 doubles and 1 family room all en suite. Sleeps 6 + 2. Personalized service. Meals available. Air conditioning. Kitchen. Highly recommended by previous guests. ... more less
- Also Known As:
- Ca Gioiosa Monteveglio, Italy - Province Of Bologna


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Alaska San Francisco Roundtrip June 22, 2012: Sea Princess Cruise Review by Jackcat's Sister
Overall Member Rating
Alaska San Francisco Roundtrip June 22, 2012
Destination: Alaska
Embarkation: San Francisco
We had requested and received anytime dining but it did not work as well as it had on previous cruises on different ships. If we did not want to wait to eat we had to be in the dining room by 5:30. If we arrived between 6:00 and 6:30 then we knew we would be waiting until at More least 7:15 to be seated. It was usually closer to 7:30 or 7:45. The first night of our cruise (before we had any of this figured out) we waited 1 hour and 40 minutes to be seated! On other cruise lines we have never waited more than 10 minutes to be seated with any time dining.
The on-board activities were varied and plentiful. A nicely equipped, though somewhat small, gym was well maintained and several fitness classes were offered on most days (some of them were extra expenses). Zumba and line dancing classes were also offered most days and were well run. A 1/3 mile walking track was marked on one of the outside decks.
Many audience participation game shows were also offered. The shows were entertaining and well presented. We particularly enjoyed the trivia games offered at least twice on most days with prizes awarded to the winning teams.
We really enjoyed the evening entertainment. The productions shows were good as were most of the musicians and bands performing throughout the cruise. There was always something to do even for those of us who aren't normally night-time activity type people.
All in all we had a very enjoyable cruise experience and already have plans to cruise with Princess again. Less
Published 07/05/12
Cabin review: DD722
Quiet area; nice closet space (3 separate closet doors); good shower head and hair dryer; comfortable twin bed with fluffy pillows; very nice, large window large enough to sit in; plenty of space for 2 women and all our stuff;
Port and Shore Excursions
Read Cruise Critic's Sea Princess Review >>
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Wonderful Alaska Land and Sea ...
It was a maintenance cruise, c...
The little things mean a lot!
Everything was disappointing
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Wonderful Trip, Great Food, AT...
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My GF is looking for a the best push up bra that gives lots of boost and cleavage.
Which ones are best?
Most Helpful Girl
There's this Victoria's Secret bra for about $50 that pushes your bra size up to 2 sizes (I have a white and a black one). Are they worth it? Y. E. S. They are really cushion-y and padded too11|00|0
I think its called bombshell, or something like that.. right?
YES, and it is uh. ma. zing!


text:
- Doctors
- Tennessee
- Murfreesboro
- Family Doctors
- Dr. Martin A. Glynn
You may also like
Ratings for Dr. Martin A. Glynn
I tried to schedule an annual physical with this doctor and based on the rating. Our company has the LiveWell Program where the company will pay for a wellness visit. The person on the phone was not knowledgable, and after some more questions that I asked, she gave it to another lady. I informaed the lady that Dr. Glynn has high ratings and that I wanted to change doctors and see him, but the annual physical was part of our program. She told me that I should stick with my old doctor since they have never heard of a Wellness visit, and that I would have to bring in a form from my company. We don't have to fill out any forms. Normally, we would call the doctor's office and schedule an appointment for an annual physical. I'm surprised because I work for a big and well know company. I guess I just didn't like the rudeness from the lady. This place doesn't seem to want new patients. Dr. Glynn needs to find some new receptionists.
Absolutely the best. Very personable and takes his time to explain everything. Couldn't ask for better physician. Top ratings across the board.
Dr. Glynn is awesome. He takes his time with the patient and explains everything and actually gives you the meds you need. Wish more drs were like him
Dr. Glynn takes whatever time is necessary to explain what's happening so that you can understand the problem and treatment. Kind of a lost art in today's medical world.
Dr. Martin A. Glynn's Credentials
Facility Affiliations
Accepting New Patients
- Univ Coll Of Galway, Nat'L Univ Of Ireland, Fac Of Med, Galway (Grad. 1996)
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Dapitan City, Philippines [ show map ]
I'm here to meet guys from 18 to 50 years old for friendship, romance, marriage and more.
name is daisy
I'am not so kind, not so intelligent, and i'm just what i am . i have a good
education and a strong and honest character. I'm optimistic and
confident about my future...i live in Philippines.
Like many here, i'am serious in my search for someone,a modern man w/
some traditional values, searching for that special person, to be my
partner and love for the rest of our lives together.
I enjoy music, watching a dance move and so on .
I would like to wish all of us the best of luck in finding that right
person to share our lives with!!
I want to meet a Male
at age of 18-50
That kind, intelligent, charming w/a good sense of humor,.
Willing to try new experiences and learn new things in the future.


text: Good news for bitcoin gamblers using Coinbase By SBR Friday, March 4, 2016 Share with: Online sports bettors have reason to celebrate: it just became even easier to purchase bitcoin (BTC) using Coinbase. As of 1 March 2016, Coinbase allows USA based players to connect a debit card to instantly purchase bitcoin; European users already had this ability with Coinbase. The feature rollout is taking place to select accounts for now, but all Coinbase users will have the option enabled over the coming months per a statement released by the company. However, Coinbase users should be aware of its stance toward gambling. Coinbase will eventually ban users who make their transactions straight to online sportsbooks, especially betting sites that reuse the same deposit addresses, however all hope is not lost: This is precisely why bettors should use an intermediary wallet such as Blockchain.info to make transactions to and from betting sites. By using a go-between wallet, Coinbase may suspect but would not be able to prove that transactions are landing at online sportsbooks, and it is considerably more time intensive to sniff around such transactions. The same applies to the other major bitcoin exchange Circle.com. In fact, SBR Forum user 'The Giant' shared that Circle recently banned him for allegedly making a transaction to a sports betting site with bitcoin. Bitcoin is presently trading at $417. The digital currency has exploded in popularity among sports bettors for its ease of use and how cheap it is to fund betting accounts, especially in the unfriendly climate of the United States with respect to sending funds offshore. Sportsbook Review recently conducted a four-part bitcoin webinar educating players about the risks and rewards associated with bitcoin. Find a bitcoin sportsbook using the Sportsbook Review directory.