text:
Have you seen the new Hot Pocket Bites products? We have a new $1/1 printable coupon, plus I have a Walmart scenario for those of you interested in trying one of these products. They even have some breakfast varieties, which seems a little interesting to me.
$1/1 Hot Pocket Bites printable manufacturer's coupon
At Walmart:
BUY ONE HOT POCKETS BITES, regular price $5
Use one $1/1 Hot Pocket Bites printable manufacturer's coupon
Hopefully these pop up at a store like Publix and maybe we can get a BOGO sale. I'm going to hold off printing this coupon for now, because I'm not willing to spend four bucks.
Thanks and photo credit to The Wally World Woman.Extreme Couponing Tip: You can usually get two prints of most internet coupons. To find them in the easiest possible way, use our preclipped links that take you right to the coupon. Then come back and click the same link to get your 2nd print. This will save you the time spent searching for the coupon.
Never miss another hot coupon, deal or freebie again! "Like" Couponaholic .NET on Facebook, Follow us on Pinterest, Follow us on Twitter, Follow us on Instagram or Subscribe to our Daily Email Newsletter!


text: Aruba Networks introduces all-wireless workplace solution20 Mar 2014 03:41 PM New Aruba Mobility-Defined Networks is designed to accelerate the creation of an all-wireless workplace with automated security and performance optimisationsAruba Networks has unveiled Mobility-Defined Networks, a new architecture for IT departments to build an all-wireless workplace designed for improved job satisfaction and productivity for #GenMobile.Aruba defines #GenMobile, as a group of employees defined by their preference for mobility both in terms of the devices they use and their approach to work (see report here: www.arubanetworks.com/genmobile).Supporting the new architecture, Aruba also introduced five new software innovations that deliver IT granular visibility, performance optimisations and security automation to support the networking needs of highly mobile employees.To be a leader in today's competitive business world, enterprises need their IT departments to help retain and attract #GenMobile employees, believes Aruba. Enterprises can accomplish this by creating a truly all-wireless workplace where Wi-Fi is pervasive, guest and BYOD security are automated, office appliances are mobile-device friendly, and communications applications on mobile devices simply work better.Aruba Mobility-Defined Networks transform enterprise networks into intelligent systems, providing total control over the all-wireless experience. The added intelligence enables an automated, self-adjusting infrastructure where changes in wireless state trigger security actions and performance optimisation measures so that the infrastructure adapts to its environment. Unlike traditional static Wi-Fi networks, Aruba Mobility-Defined Networks eliminate the need for IT professionals to make manual changes to accommodate new mobile devices and applications. The results are fewer helpdesk complaints and a better end-user experience.As a part of Aruba Mobility-Defined Networks for the all-wireless workplace, Aruba is delivering five essential firsts:Next-Generation Mobility FirewallUnlike other Wi-Fi firewalls, Aruba's new Next-Generation Mobility Firewall uses advanced deep packet inspection (DPI) to set granular role-based policies, quality of service and bandwidth contracts for more than 1,500 mobile applications, even when they are encrypted.This empowers IT professionals with unmatched Wi-Fi control over applications, accelerating the creation of an all-wireless workplace both IT and #GenMobile employees can trust.Interactive unified communications dashboardAruba AirWave now offers what it claims is the industry's most advanced and intuitive user interface for visualizing and controlling unified communications (UC), like Microsoft Lync, over Wi-Fi.The new UC dashboard is the first tool of its kind for IT professionals to bring UC and network performance metrics together in one, simple, consolidated view.IT administrators can easily point-and-click to retrieve historical metrics and visualize real-time call quality by location, thereby eliminating manual investigations for UC failures.Combined with the Wi-Fi controls for applications, IT admins now have the tools to cut the cord on the desk phone and wirelessly deliver communications application to #GenMobile users.ClearPass Exchange and technology partnersThe new ClearPass Exchange makes it easy for IT professionals to automate security workflows for the all-wireless workplace.IT administrators can leverage a set of common language application programming interfaces (APIs) and data feeds that allow ClearPass to automate workflows with almost any third-party IT and business system from Aruba partners like IBM, AirWatch and MobileIron.For example, a network policy violation will prompt ClearPass to trigger a push notification to the device in question through the Mobile Device Management (MDM) system.ClearPass integrates with the helpdesk systems to then automatically generate a ticket notifying security teams. Now IT departments can accelerate manual processes to satisfy #GenMobile data security concerns.Auto Sign-OnNew Aruba Auto Sign-On enabled by ClearPass and ArubaOS, uses a workplace's Wi-Fi login to automatically authenticate an employee into Single Sign-On (SSO) enabled applications, like SalesForce.com. Aruba Auto Sign-On can be easily integrated with existing SSO identity providers, like Okta or Ping, or used independently.Aruba Auto Sign-On eliminates frustrating and repetitive username-password authentication processes, making it painless for #GenMobile employees in the all-wireless workplace to sign in to enterprise applications.AirGroup, now for DLNA and UPnPAirGroup, enabled by ClearPass and ArubaOS, allows #GenMobile to wirelessly share screens and stream media with Apple and Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) and universal plug and play (UPnP) devices. Only Aruba AirGroup optimises for Wi-Fi performance and limits the view of available devices based on the employee's role, location and time of day, the company asserts.Since AirGroup is completely self-service, #GenMobile employees can easily set devices for sharing in their all-wireless workplace, eliminating the need for IT support. James Atkinson EditorLinkedIn |Google + |Email Leave a CommentPlease write code to prove you're humanMore on... Wi-Fi GeneralXirrus Wi-Fi deployed in London's St Pancras StationQualcomm unveils next gen 802.11ax Wi-Fi portfolioRuckus and Wifirst to provide Wi-Fi solution to hotels and campsitesMore on... Critical CommunicationsFinland and Norway sign cross-border TETRA communication dealCC Europe 2017: Hytera showcasing new base station and handheld radioLatest in Wi-FiXirrus Wi-Fi deployed in London's St Pancras StationQualcomm unveils next gen 802.11ax Wi-Fi portfolioRuckus and Wifirst to provide Wi-Fi solution to hotels and campsites

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Full Bottom: Not Another Half-Arsed Release
Richie Richard and Eddie Hitler are desperate to find girlfriends. To this end, they'll stop at nothing -- including signing up for a dating service, using pheromones and wearing costumes -- to find their perfect matches. But are they out there?
Rent DVDs for only $4.99 a month.
Movie Details
- Director
- Ed Bye
- Format
- Ratings
NRNot rated. This movie has not been rated by the MPAA.
Full Screen 1.33:1Subtitles
NoClosed captioned
YesLanguage and sound
English: Dolby Digital 2.0 StereoOther features
Color; interactive menus; scene access; extra scenes; Rik's poetry and contorting trick.
Full Bottom: Not Another Half-Arsed ReleaseClose
For Parents
Common Sense Note
- Age appropriate
- Not an issue
- Depends on your kid and your family
- Not appropriate for kids of the age most likely to want to see it


text:
The location is Tyson's place and Karl shows up with some horny intentions, hoping to get Tyson involved in some seriously pleasurable sucking and fucking. It looks like that's exactly what Tyson had in mind because the two get intertwined the moment the front door closes and they're alone. Undressing each other with lusty kisses and passionate nipple licks, once the clothing is discarded, it's clear to see that both men are sporting rock hard cocks that are demanding to b sucked. Karl's pouty lips are quickly wrapped around Tyson's head, eagerly sucking inch after inch down his throat like a starving man.
From sitting to standing, Karl abandons his erection to Tyson's delicious cock sucking, cradling his head close so he can feed him every glorious inch. Not to be outdone, Karl switches up and gives Tyson's cock the tongue lashing it deserves. As the pressure mounts, Karl takes the dominant position and turns Tyson over the arm of the couch and righteously fucks his hot ass. Tyson gives in for more and lies back on the couch to take some more pounding in the missionary position. The couple work up such a hot fucking frenzy that there's only one way to end this scene and that's with both guys blowing their hot cumloads on each others' bodies.


text:
Each month, Rated People connects over 50,000 homeowners with quality tradesmen - simply enter your job details in the form above to get started.
We'll match your job to the relevant tradesmen in your area - those interested will pay to see your contact details and call you to quote.
As each tradesman expresses interest in quoting on your job, we'll send you their profile and ratings to help you choose the right one for you.
After the work is complete, return to the site and rate your tradesman based on their quality of work, reliability and value for money.
Added 15/10/2014
This is a seven bedroomed barn conversion that we are doing and we are ready for the plumbing...
Searching for tradespeople
Aerial / Network Specialist
Added 01/10/2014
We have completely renovated house and need an aerial and sky dish installed ready for ten...
Searching for tradespeople
Added 17/11/2013
Old farm house renovation needing completion.
Searching for tradespeople
Managing your job is easier with the Rated People Homes App, download it today.


text:
Skip to comments.Taste my death ray, 3C321! (Astronomy)
Posted on 12/17/2007 5:52:56 PM PST by LibWhacker
Black holes are weird. Well, duh, right?
But they do something that surprises most people: besides hoovering down almost everything nearby, they can also eject material as well. And by eject, I mean send it out screaming at nearly the speed of light and heated to a bazillion degrees.
Picture from Chandra of the active galaxy pair 3C321
The image above is from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, and its all about this scary scenario. Lets take a walk down the gravity well, shall we?
Basically, as matter swirls down into the maw of the hole, it forms a flattened disk called an accretion disk. Friction, magnetism, and other forces heat the disk up. A lot. At the poles of the disk, all this heat and force can focus twin beams of fury, jets of matter and energy of unbelievable violence.
Every galaxy has a supermassive black hole in its core, and if these black holes are actively feeding, they can emit these beams. They can be so energetic that these galaxies, called Active Galaxies, are among the brightest objects in the entire Universe!
As you can imagine, it sucks to be in the path of that beam. All that high-energy radiation pelting you, even from thousands of light years away, can be enough to do some serious hurt.
Enter 3C321.
This object is actually two galaxies. Both have active black holes in their cores, but one of the two is creating these death ray beams and the other galaxy is in the way.
The picture from Chandra shows this drama unfolding. The beams are coming from the lower left, where the more active galaxy sits. The orange and red colors (from Hubble) represent optical and ultraviolet light emitted by the galaxy. This generally indicates regions where stars are being born; it appears as if the beams from the black hole are compressing gas in the galaxy, collapsing it, and aiding it in forming stars.
Purple represents high-energy X-rays (seen by Chandra), caused by all sorts of events, but quite a bit is from the beam slamming into material in the galaxy itself. The blue is lower energy radio emission. Radio waves (detected by MERLIN) are also generated when the beam hits the other galaxy in the upper right. You can see how the beam gets distorted as it rams into the gas in the other galaxy.
The two galaxies are only 20,000 light years apart (for comparison, our Milky Way Galaxy is 100,000 light years across), so the galaxy in the upper right is enduring a world universe of hurt. Any planets in the path of that beam are being pummeled by all manners of radiation. Its not easy to know if that would make them uninhabitable, but it seems likely; the beams would interact with the air and destroy most of the molecules in the upper atmosphere. Ozone is very susceptible to this, and its our ozone layer that protects us from damaging ultraviolet light from the Sun. Without it, the krill and other sea life making up the base of the food chain on our planet would die.
That would be, to use a scientific word, a bummer.
By studying the interaction of the beam from the one galaxy with the other, astronomers can learn just what sorts of things happen when galaxies go bad. And while this seems far removed from our everyday life, I have to add that there is a supermassive black hole in the center of our Galaxy. Its not currently active, and to be honest theres no indication that the beams would be aimed at us that even if it were to start chomping down on gas clouds and stars; most likely they would be aimed up and out of the Galaxy, very far from where we are.
Still, forewarned is forearmed. The more we know about this stuff, the better I feel.
Plus, geez, its just so cool! Too bad they didnt release this image before I chose my Top Ten images of the year.
And, finally, Ill note that I talk about this (as well as black holes in general, and other kinds of killer beams) in "Death from the Skies!" Itll be a few more months before its out, but if you like destruction writ large, youll have fun reading the book.
I thought the giant gamma bursts were "deadlier" over a larger area....
...just asking....
Right, I'm not sure which is deadlier, X, or over what distance... I think GRBs happen when a black hole is formed and as much energy as the Sun releases over its entire lifetime is released in just a few seconds, whereas the 3C321 jet comes from a supermassive black hole that's feeding on stars, other black holes, and/or massive clouds of dust and gas. I know wouldn't want to be spotlighted by jets from either one, that's for sure, lol!
good answer... guess I'm going to have to go look it up...
Ping for future look
I knew you would appreciate it
looks like a...steaming cup of coffee???...
Caught on tape: Death star galaxy
AP on Yahoo | 12/17/07 | Seth Borenstein - ap
Posted on 12/17/2007 4:48:05 PM EST by NormsRevenge
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
On Thursday's Dan & Mike
To hear these interviews, visit the Dan & Mike Podcast Page
Heartfelt Follow Up to a Weekend of Remembrance
Last weekend provided much to think about following the return of the remains of Beaver, Ohio's fallen hero, Justin Helton. Dan Ramey was so moved by an essay written by Lana Dingus shared on Facebook that he had to share her message with listeners.
Kevn Carr Talks at Transformers
The fourth Transformers movies opens this week, Transformers: Age of Distinction. Kevin Carr of FatGuysAtTheMovies.com reviews the movie... and of course, our boys stray off topic, too.
Litter Propane Presents Thunderstruck
Dianna Magee of Litter Propane says the AC/DC tribute band Thunderstruck and Blues Brothers tribute band Soul Men take the stage at OUC's Shoemaker Center July 11th. The second in a three concert series benefits Rock For Tots and Litter Propane's effort to help fund area humane societies. Learn more at www.litterpropane.com and click on the tab "Concert Series".
Katy Andersen with US Soccer from Brazil
Chillicothe graduate Katy Andersen is interning with the US National Soccer team and has been with the entourage in Brazil during the team's World Cup run. Dan Ramey visits with the Cavalier News Alumnus from her hotel room in Sao Palo, Brazil.
Below, are selections of work Katy has either done solo or combined efforts with the US Soccer production team. Katy adds "Neal Rocks!"


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 10, 2012
|Filing date
|Sep 16, 2008
|Priority date
|Sep 18, 2007
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Shwetak N. Patel, Thomas M. Robertson, Gregory D. Abowd, Matthew S. Reynolds
|Original Assignee
|Georgia Tech Research Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (103), Non-Patent Citations (80), Referenced by (34), Classifications (12), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/973,188, filed Sep. 18, 2007.
The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for detecting electrical device actuation using electrical noise over a power line.
A common research interest in ubiquitous computing has been the development of inexpensive and easy-to-deploy sensing systems that support activity detection and context-aware applications in the home. For example, several researchers have explored using arrays of low-cost sensors, such as motion detectors or simple contact switches. Such sensors are discussed by Tapia, E. M., et al. "Activity recognition in the home setting using simple and ubiquitous sensors," Proc of PERVASIVE 2004, pp. 158-175, Tapia, E. M., et al. "The design of a portable kit of wireless sensors for naturalistic data collection," Proc of Pervasive 2006, pp. 117-134, and Wilson, D. H., et al. "Simultaneous Tracking and Activity Recognition (STAR) Using Many Anonymous, Binary Sensors," Proc of Pervasive 2005, pp. 62-79, 2005, for example.
Although these solutions are cost-effective on an individual sensor basis, they are not without some drawbacks. For example, having to install and maintain many sensors may be a time-consuming task, and the appearance of many sensors may detract from the aesthetics of the home. This is discussed by Beckmann, C., et al. "Some Assembly Required: Supporting End-User Sensor Installation in Domestic Ubiquitous Computing Environments," Proc of Ubicomp 2004. pp. 107-124. 2004, and Hirsch, T., et al. "The ELDer Project: Social, Emotional, and Environmental Factors in the Design of Eldercare Technologies, "Proc of the ACM Conference on Universal Usability, pp. 72-79, 2000, for example.
In addition, the large number of sensors required for coverage of an entire home may increase the number of potential failure points. To address these concerns, recent work has focused on sensing through existing infrastructure in a home. For example, researchers have looked at monitoring the plumbing infrastructure in the home to infer basic activities or using the residential power line to provide indoor localization. See, for example, Fogarty, J., et al. "Sensing from the Basement: A Feasibility Study of Unobtrusive and Low-Cost Home Activity Recognition," Proc of ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST 2006) 2006, and Patel, S. N., et al. "PowerLine Positioning: A Practical Sub-Room-Level Indoor Location System for Domestic Use," Proceedings of Ubicomp 2006.
Research relating to activity and behavior recognition in a home setting may be classified by examining the origin of the sensing infrastructure disclosed herein. The first area of classification includes approaches that introduce new, independent sensors into the home that directly sense various activities of its residents. This classification includes infrastructures where a new set of sensors and an associated sensor network (wired or wireless) is deployed. A second area encompasses those approaches that take advantage of existing home infrastructure, such as the plumbing or electrical busses in a home, to sense various activities of residents. The goal of the second approach is to lower the adoption barrier by reducing the cost and/or complexity of deploying or maintaining the sensing infrastructure.
Some research approaches use high-fidelity sensing to determine activity, such as vision or audio systems that capture movement of people in spaces. See, for example, Bian, X., et al. "Using Sound Source Localization in a Home Environment," Proc of the International Conference on Pervasive Computing, 2005, and Koile, K., et al. "Activity Zones for Context-Aware Computing," Proc of UbiComp 2003: Ubiquitous Computing, 2003, Seattle, Wash., USA.
Chen et al. in "Bathroom Activity Monitoring Based on Sound," Proc of Pervasive 2005, pp. 47-61, 2005, installed microphones in a bathroom to sense activities such as showering, toileting, and hand washing. While these approaches may provide rich details about a wide variety of activities, they are often very arduous to install and maintain across an entire household.
Use of these high fidelity sensors in certain spaces raise concerns about the balance between value-added services and acceptable surveillance, particularly in home settings. This is discussed by Beckmann, C., et al. "Some Assembly Required: Supporting End-User Sensor Installation in Domestic Ubiquitous Computing Environments," Proc of Ubicomp 2004, pp. 107-124. 2004, Hirsch, T., et al. "The ELDer Project: Social, Emotional, and Environmental Factors in the Design of Eldercare Technologies," Proc of the ACM Conference on Universal Usability, pp. 72-79. 2000, and Iachello, G., et al. "Privacy and Proportionality: Adapting Legal Evaluation Techniques to Inform Design In Ubiquitous Computing," Proc of CHI 2005, pp. 91-100, 2005.
Another class of approaches explores the use of a large collection of simple, low-cost sensors, such as motion detectors, pressure mats, break beam sensors, and contact switches, to determine activity and movement. See Tapia, E. M., et al. "Activity recognition in the home setting using simple and ubiquitous sensors," Proc of PERVASIVE 2004, pp. 158-175, 2006, Tapia, E. M., et al. "The design of a portable kit of wireless sensors for naturalistic data collection," Proc of Pervasive 2006, pp. 117-134, and Wilson, D. H., et al. "Simultaneous Tracking and Activity Recognition (STAR) Using Many Anonymous, Binary Sensors," Proc of Pervasive 2005, pp. 62-79, 2005. The Tapia et al. papers discuss home activity recognition using many state change sensors, which were primarily contact switches. These sensors were affixed to surfaces in the home and logged specific events for some period of time. The advantage of this approach is being able to sense physical activities in a large number of places without the privacy concerns often raised for high-fidelity sensing (e.g., bathroom activity). There are also some disadvantages to this add-on sensor approach, which include the requirements of powering the sensors, providing local storage of logged events on the sensor itself, or a wireless communication backbone for real-time applications. These requirements all complicate the design and maintenance of the sensors, and the effort to install many sensors and the potential impact on aesthetics in the living space may also negatively impact mass adoption of this solution.
As an example of the often difficult balance of the value of in home sensing and the complexity of the sensing infrastructure, the Digital Family Portrait is a peace of mind application for communicating well-being information from an elderly person's home to a remote caregiver. See, for example, Rowan, J. et al. "Digital Family Portrait Field Trial: Support for Aging in Place," Proc of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2005), pp. 521-530, 2005. In this deployment study, movement data was gathered from a collection of strain sensors attached to the underside of the first floor of a home. Installation of these sensors was difficult, time-consuming, and required access under the floor. Although the value of the application was proven, complexity of the sensing limited the number of homes in which the system could be easily deployed.
Other approaches, which are similar to ours, are those that use existing home infrastructure to detect events. Fogarty et al. "Sensing from the Basement: A Feasibility Study of Unobtrusive and Low-Cost Home Activity Recognition," Proc of ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST 2006), 2006, explored attaching simple microphones to a home's plumbing system, thereby leveraging an available home infrastructure. The appeal of this solution is that it is low-cost, consists of only a few sensors, and is sufficient for applications, such as the Digital Family Portrait, for which the monitoring of water usage is a good proxy for activity in the house. This approach requires relatively long timescales over which events must be detected, sometimes up to ten seconds. This longer time increases the likelihood of overlapping events, which are harder to distinguish.
In contrast, power line event detection operates over timescales of approximately half a second and thus overlapping is less likely. Some water heaters constantly pump hot water through the house, complicating the detection of some on-demand activities. Detecting noise on water pipes introduced by other household infrastructure requires careful placement of the microphone sensors. Some homes may not have plumbing infrastructure that is easily accessible, particularly those with a finished basement or no basement at all. Despite these limitations, this solution is very complementary to our approach, as some events revealed by water usage, such as turning on a faucet in a sink or flushing a toilet, do not have direct electrical events that could serve as predictive antecedents. The converse also holds, as a light being turned on often does not correlate with any water-based activity.
Another "piggybacking" approach is to reuse sensing infrastructure or devices in the home that may be present for other purposes. For example, ADT Security System's QuietCare offers a peace of mind service that gathers activity data from the security system's motion detectors. This is discussed on the ADT QuietCare website at http://www.adt.com/quietcare/.
There are other techniques that employ electrical power use to sense activity. For example, some researchers have monitored electrical current flow to infer the appliances or electrical equipment being used in the house as a proxy for detecting activity. See, for example, Paradiso, J. A. "Some Novel Applications for Wireless Inertial Sensors," Proc of NSTI Nanotech 2006, Vol. 3, Boston, Mass., May 7-11, 2006, pp. 431-434, and Tapia, E. M., et al. "The design of a portable kit of wireless sensors for naturalistic data collection," Proc of Pervasive 2006, pp. 117-134.
The Paradiso platform monitors current consumption of various appliances of interest. Changes in current flow indicate some change in state for the instrumented appliance, such as a change from on to off. This solution requires a current sensor to be installed inline with each appliance or around its power cord and thus only works well if it is sufficient to study the usage of a small subset of appliances and those appliances' power feeds are easy accessible. An extension to the Paradiso work is to install current sensors on major branch circuits of the power lines, but this may require professional installation to provide an acceptable level of safety. However, it would be desirable to detect a larger number of appliances with less instrumentation and with a much easier deployment phase.
There is therefore a need for apparatus and methods for detecting electrical device actuation using electrical noise over a power line.
The features and advantages of the present invention may be more readily understood with reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which:
In order to leverage existing infrastructure to support activity detection, discussed below is an approach that uses a home's electrical system as an information source to observe various electrical events. Detection and classification of these events may be used in a variety of applications, such as healthcare, entertainment, home automation, energy monitoring, and post-occupancy research studies. The approach described herein improves upon previous work of the present inventors relating to power line positioning systems, such as is discussed by Patel, S. N., et al., "PowerLine Positioning: A Practical Sub-Room-Level Indoor Location System for Domestic Use," Proceedings of Ubicomp 2006, and described in U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/817,225, filed Jun. 28, 2006, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/824,204, filed Jun. 8, 2007. The disclosed approach uses existing power line infrastructure to provide practical localization within a home. The techniques disclosed herein passively sense simple electrical events, whereas the previous work senses the location of actively tagged objects.
An advantage of the approach is that it requires installation of only a single, plug-in module (plugged into the existing power line infrastructure) that connects to an embedded or personal computer. The computer records and analyzes electrical noise on the power line caused by switching of significant electrical loads. Machine learning techniques applied to these patterns identify when unique events occur. Examples include human-initiated events, such as turning on or off a specific light switch or plugging in a CD player, as well as automatic events, such as a compressor or fan of an HVAC system turning on or off under control of a thermostat.
By observing actuation of certain electrical devices, the location and activity of people in the space can be inferred and used for applications that rely on this contextual information. For example, detecting that a light switch was turned on can be an indication that someone entered a room, and thus an application could adjust the thermostat to make that room more comfortable. Other human-initiated kitchen events can also be detected, such as a light turning on inside a refrigerator or microwave when its door is opened. These events may indicate meal preparation.
The disclosed approach also has implications for providing a low-cost solution for monitoring energy usage. An application can log when particular electrical loads are active, revealing how and when electrical energy is consumed in the household, leading to suggestions on how to maintain a more energy-efficient household. In addition, because the disclosed approach is capable of differentiating between the on and off events of a particular device in real time, those events can be "linked" to other actuators for a variety of home automation scenarios. The disclosed approach can thus provide for a home automation system that maps actuation of a stereo system to an existing light switch without having to install additional wiring.
Discussed below is the underlying theory and initial implementation details of the disclosed approach to power line event detection. Results of a series of tests are discussed that illustrate the stability of the disclosed approach over time and its ability to sense electrical events in different homes. These tests involve installing a device in a single location of a house and collecting data on a variety of electrical events within that house. Results show that a support vector machine system can learn and later classify various unique electrical events with accuracies ranging from 85-90%.
Referring to the drawing figures,
The electrical device actuation detection apparatus 10 was developed for countries that use 60 Hz electrical systems. However, it is to be understood that it can easily be extended to frequencies used in other countries, such as those that use 50 Hz power, for example.
Theory of Operation
The disclosed approach relies on the fact that abruptly switched (mechanical or solid-state) electrical loads produce broadband electrical noise either in the form of a transient or continuous noise. This electrical noise is generated between hot and neutral (known as normal mode noise), or between neutral and ground (known as common mode noise). Transient and continuous noise on the residential power line 12 is typically high in energy and may often be observed with a nearby AM radio. The types of electrical noise that are of interest are produced within the home 20 and are created by the fast switching of relatively high currents. For example, a motor-type load, such as a fan, creates a transient noise pulse when it is first turned on and then produces a continuous noise signal until it is turned off.
In addition, the mechanical switching characteristics of a light switch generates transient electrical noise. This is discussed by Howell, E. K., "How Switches Produce Electrical Noise," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Volume 21:3, pp. 162-170, August 1979. Other examples of noisy events include using a garage door opener, plugging in a power adaptor for an electric device, or turning on a television. Marubayashi provides a more complete description of this electrical noise phenomenon in "Noise Measurements of the Residential Power Line," Proceedings of International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications 1997, pp 104-108.
In the case of transient noise, impulses typically last only a few microseconds and include a rich spectrum of frequency components, that can range from 10 Hz to 100 kHz. Thus, it is desirable to consider both the temporal nature (duration) of the transient noise and its frequency components. Depending on the switching mechanism, the load characteristics, and length of transmission line, these impulses can be very different. For example,
The amplitudes of individual frequency components and the duration of the impulse produced by each switch 21 are similar between the three graphs, although there are a few high frequency regions that are different across the samples. Even similar light switches 21 produce different signatures, which is likely due to the mechanical construction of each switch 21 and the influence of the power line length connected to each switch 21. For example, it was observed that different three-way wall switches 21 connected to the same light each produced discernable signatures. The main difference was in the relative amplitudes of the frequencies that are observed. Devices 21 that produce continuous noise are bounded by transient phenomena, but also exhibit electrical noise during their powered operation. For this class of noise, it is possible to not only identify it based on its transient response but also its continuous noise signature.
It is assumed that the noise signature of a particular device 21 depends both on the device 21 and the transmission line behavior of the interconnecting power line 11, so both contributions have been captured in a single model.
In the simplified model, three general classes of electrical noise sources 21 may be found in a home 20, which include resistive loads, inductive loads such as motors, and loads with solid state switching. Purely resistive loads, such as a lamp or an electric stove, do not create detectable amounts of electrical noise while in operation, although as a resistor, they produce trace amounts of thermal noise (Johnson noise) at a generally undetectable level. In this particular case, only transient noise is produced by minute arcing in the mechanical switch 21 itself (wall switch 21) when the switch 21 is turned on or off. A motor 21, such as in a fan or a blender, is modeled as both a resistive and inductive load. The continuous breaking and connecting by the motor brushes creates a voltage noise synchronous to the AC power of 60 Hz (and at 120 Hz). Solid state switching devices 21, such as MOSFF's found in computer power supplies or TRIACs in dimmer switches 21 or microwave ovens 21, emit noise that is different between devices 21 and is synchronous to an internal oscillator. Thus, the latter two classes contribute noise from both the external power switching mechanism (transient) and the noise generated by the internal switching mechanism (continuous).
In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) sets guidelines on how much electrical noise AC-powered electronic devices can conduct back onto the power line 11 (Part 15 section of the FCC regulations). Device-generated noise at frequencies between 150 kHz-30 MHz cannot exceed certain limits. Regulatory agencies in other countries set similar guidelines on electronic devices. Although this mainly applies to electronic devices, such as those that have solid state switching power supplies, this gives us some assurance about the type and amount of noise we might expect on the power line 11.
It is often extremely difficult to analytically predict the transient noise from the general description of a load and its switching mechanism, because ordinary switches are usually not well characterized during their make-and-break times. However, it is possible to take a mapping approach by learning these observed signatures using supervised machine learning techniques. The challenge then becomes finding the important features of these transient pulses and determining how to detect the relevant ones of interest.
Hardware Details
To better understand the concept of detecting and learning various electrical events in the home 20, a prototype apparatus 10 was built that comprises a power line interface module 12 (data collection module 12) having three outputs, as illustrated in
Both filtered outputs shown in
The interface module 12 was connected to one 120V leg or branch of the electrical system. Most residential homes 20 and apartments in North America and many parts of Asia have a single-phase or a split single-phase electrical system. This means there are two 120V electrical branches coming into the home 20 to supply 240V appliances, but the two branches are in phase. It was found that the noise generated by devices of interest connected to the other electrical branch were already coupled to the electrical branch that was interfaced to, and so were detectable by our system. While this approach was practical and sufficient for a prototype investigation, a coupler may be plugged into a 240V outlet to ensure direct access to both electrical branches.
Finally, outputs of the power line interface module 12 were connected to a dual-input USB oscilloscope interface 17 (EBest 2000) that has built-in gain control. Each input has 10-bit resolution with a full scale voltage of 1V, so the least significant bit represents a voltage of 4 mV. The oscilloscope interface 17 had a real-time sampling rate of 100 million samples/sec. A C++ API is provided, resulting in a simple software interface to the sampled signal.
Software Details
The software application 30 used in the prototype apparatus 10 included a C++ application 30 a that was written to sample the USB oscilloscope interface 17 and perform a fast Fourier transform (FFTl) on the incoming signal to separate the component frequencies for analysis. The application 30 a produces a waterfall plot, a commonly used frequency domain visualization in real-time used for visual inspection (such as is shown in
Electrical Events That Can Be Recognized
Testing was performed to identify electrical devices that could be detected with the apparatus 10 and see which electrical devices 21 would produce recognizable signatures that can be processed by the machine learning software 30 b. The apparatus 10 was installed in a single fixed location during the data collection process. Data was collected with low frequency (100 Hz-100 KHz) and high frequency (50 kHz-100 MHz) ports. No major electrical devices 21 were activated (such as a HVAC, refrigerator, water pumps, etc.) by turning them off for the duration of the testing so it was known which devices 21 were causing which response. For each electrical device 21, noise signatures were visually observed and collected while turning a device 21 on, turning it off, and its stable-on state. Table 1 shows the various devices 21 that were tested detected and the events that were observed for each device 21 (on, off, continuously on state). Although many more devices, could have been observed we only a representative sample of commonly used devices are shown. Table 1 lists electrical devices 21 that were tested and events that were detectable. These devices 21 also consistently produced detectable event signatures.
On to Off
Off to On
on noise?
Incandescent lights via wall switch
Microwave door light
Oven light/door
Electric stove
Refrigerator door
Electric oven
Bathroom exhaust fan
Ceiling fan
Garage door opener
Refrigerator compressor
HVAC/Heat pump
Garbage disposal
Lights via a dimmer wall switch
(Solid State
Fluorescent lights via wall switch
Laptop power adapter
Microwave oven
Television (CRT, plasma, LCD)
After initial experimentation, it was found that most loads drawing less than 0.25 amps were practically undetectable loads relative to prominent electrical noise (transient and/or continuous). This is relates to the dynamic range of the data collection module 12; a collection module 12 with more than 10 bits of resolution would be able to detect lower current devices. The devices 21 listed in Table 1 exhibited strong and consistently reproducible signatures. However, a limitation was observed relating to how quickly a given device 21 could be switched (i.e., delay between toggles). Depending on the device 21, it was observed that approximately 500 ms delay between subsequent toggles was required for the data collection module 12 to detect a noise impulse successfully. This is largely attributed to the sampling and processing latency from the device 21 (e.g., USB latency plus processing delays on the computer 15).
While most devices 21 produce a transient pulse only a few microseconds in duration in their energized state, certain devices 21 continuously produce electrical noise while they are powered, as expected. For example, lamp dimmers or wall-mounted dimmer switches produce noise that was very rich in harmonics while they were activated. Similarly, microwave ovens couple broadband noise back on the power line during its use. These devices 21 tended to produce strong continuous noise above 5 kHz and reaching up to 1 MHz. It was also found that switching power supplies, such as those used in a laptop or personal computer, produce considerably higher noise in the 100 kHz-1 MHz range than at the lower 100 Hz-5 kHz range.
To understand devices 21 that produce continuous noise, various switching power supplies were tested in isolation from other electrical line noise. Using the higher 50 kHz-100 MHz output on the data collection module 12, it was found that many of these devices 21 produced more detectable continuous noise at the higher frequencies. At the lower 100 Hz-5 kHz range, fairly low amplitude, continuous noise, and a higher transient noise effect (from the flipping of the switch) was observed.
In the 100 Hz-100 kHz range, motor-based devices 21, such as a ceiling or bathroom exhaust fan, exhibited slightly longer duration transient pluses when activated with a switch, but did not show continuous normal mode noise which would have been expected from repeated electromechanical switching from motor brushes. This difference was attributed to the 60 Hz notch filter, which blocked the 60 Hz power frequency. To confirm this, an experiment was conducted in which various mechanically-switched devices (e.g., fans) were isolated and their noise output was observed. In the case of the fan, the data collection module 12 showed the transient pulse, but not the continuous electrical noise.
From these observations, the noise characteristics produced by different devices was characterized. It was observed that transient noise produced from a single abrupt switching event (e.g., a wall switch) tended to produce signals rich in high amplitude components in the lower frequency range (100 Hz-5 KHz). Inductive loads featuring a solid state switching mechanism generally produced continuous noise in the 5 kHz-1 MHz range. Inductive loads with mechanically switched voltages produce noise near 60 Hz, but the data collection module 12 filtered out much of that noise. Thus, analysis of the frequency spectrum may be broken up into two parts. The lower frequency space (100 Hz-5 kHz) is effective for analysis of transient noise events, such as those produced by wall switches. The higher frequency is better for continuous noise events, such as those produced by TRIACs and switching power supplies. It was observed that dim levels can also be gathered from the continuous noise frequency generated by TRIACs.
Detecting and Learning the Signals
The detection approach requires detection of the transient pulse of electrical noise followed by extraction of relevant features for learning classification.
Detecting Transient Pulses
The filtering hardware in the power line interface module 12 removes most of the high frequency noise. Some broadband noise is always present, but typically at low amplitudes. To detect the transient pulses, a simple sliding window algorithm was employed to look for drastic changes in the input line noise (both beginning and end). These drastic changes, lasting only a few microseconds, are labeled as candidate signals and are processed further. The sliding window algorithm acquires a 1-microsecond sample, which is averaged from data acquired after performing the FFF on data from the power line interface module 12. Each sample includes frequency components and associated amplitude values in vector form. Each vector includes amplitude values for frequency intervals ranging between 0 and 50 kHz. The Euclidean distance between the previous vector and the current window's vector is then computed. When the distance exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the start of a transient is marked. The window continues to slide until there is another drastic change in the Euclidean distance (the end of the transient). Although the threshold value was determined through experimentation, the thresholds can be readily learned and adapted over time.
After having isolated the transient, there are N vectors of length L, where N is the pulse width in 1 microsecond increments and L is the number of frequency components (2048 for example). A new vector of length L+1 is then constructed by averaging the corresponding N values for each frequency components. The (L+1)th value is N, the width of the transient. This value then serves as a feature vector for that particular transient.
Learning the Transients
For the learning algorithm, a support vector machine (SVM) was employed, such as is discussed by Burges, C. J. C., "A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition," Journal of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Vol. 2, No. 2, Springer Press, June 1998.
SVMs perform classification by constructing an N-dimensional hyperplane that optimally separates the data into multiple categories. The separation is chosen to have the largest distance from the hyperplane to the nearest positive and negative examples. Thus, the classification is appropriate for testing data that is near, but not identical, to the training data as is the case of the feature vectors for the transients. SVMs are appealing because the feature space is fairly large compared to the potential training set. Because SVMs employ overfitting protection, which does not necessarily depend upon the number of features, they have the ability to better handle large feature spaces. The feature vectors are used as the support vectors in the SVM. The Weka toolkit was used to construct an SVM, using labeled training data to later classify the query points.
Feasibility and Performance Evaluation
To evaluate the feasibility and performance of the disclosed approach, it was tested in six different homes 20 of varying styles, age, sizes, and locations. The transient isolation approach was first tested in a single home. Next, a feasibility study was conducted in that home 20 for a six-week period to determine the classification accuracy of various electrical events over an extended period of time. Finally, for five other homes 20, a one-week study was conducted to reproduce the results from the first home 20.
Transient Isolation Evaluation
To evaluate the feasibility of our automatic transient detection approach, data was collected from one home 20 for a four-hour period and had the software 30 continuously isolate transient signals. During that period, various electrical components were actuated and their timestamps were noted. A total of 100 distinct events were generated during this period. For each event, it was then determined if a transient was isolated successfully at the noted times. Table 2 shows results of five different four-hour sessions. The percentage of successfully identified transients out of the number of event triggers are shown in Table 2. We believe the reason for the missed events was because of our static threshold algorithm. An adaptive threshold approach would mitigate this problem.
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Test 5
(% found)
(% found)
(% found)
(% found)
(% found)
Classifying Transient Events in Various Homes
The aim of the six-week evaluation was to determine the classification accuracy of various types of electrical devices 21 and how often the apparatus 10 needed to be retrained (i.e., signal stability over time). The other five deployments were used to show that events similar to those of the initial home 20 could be detected and to show that the transient noise signatures were temporally stable in other homes 20. Despite the small number of homes 20, a variety of homes and sizes were tested, including older homes with and without recently updated electrical systems (see Table). An apartment home 20 in a six-story building was also included, and its electrical infrastructure 11 was somewhat different from that of a single family home 20. The types of electrical devices listed in Table 1 were tested, so it was ensured that the homes 20 in which the apparatus 10 was deployed had most of these devices 21.
For the entire testing period, the data collection module 12 was installed in the same electrical outlet. For Home 1, data was collected and labeled at least three times per week during the six-week period. The data collection process involved running the apparatus 10 and toggling various predetermined electrical devices 21 (see Table 1 for examples). For each device 21 that was toggled, each on-to-off and off-to-on event was manually labeled. In addition, at least two instances of each event was captured during each session. For Home 1, 41 different devices 21 were selected for testing (82 distinct events) and collected approximately 500 instances during each week. Thus, approximately 3000 labeled samples were collected during the six-week period.
Data was collected and labeled in a similar manner for the shorter one-week deployments. Training data was collected at the beginning of the week and additional test data was collected at the end of the week. At least 4 instances of each event were gathered for the training set. Because control of the events was possible, the number of distinct events were fairly equally distributed among the data and not biased towards a single device 21 or switch for all the 6 homes 21.
Table 3 presents descriptions of homes 20 in which the apparatus 10 was deployed. Home 1 was used to conduct the long-term six-week deployment.
Total Size
(Sq Ft)/(Sq M)
Total Rms.
Time (weeks)
1 Family
1 Family
1 Bed Apt
1 Family
1 Family
1 Family
Tables 4 and 5 show classification accuracies for the different homes we tested. For Home 1, the classification accuracy of test data gathered at various times during the six weeks is shown using the training set gathered during the first week. The average overall classification accuracy in Home 1 was approximately 85% (Table 4). The accuracy of the classification for varying training set sizes is also shown. Because there can potentially be many events of interest in the home, making the training process an arduous task, it was desirable to find the minimum number of samples that would provide reasonable performance. The results suggest that there is only a slight decrease in classification over the six-week period. The results also suggest that a small number of training instances result in lower classification accuracies.
Table 4 shows performance results of Homes 1. Accuracies are based on the percentage of correctly identified toggled light switches or other events in the test data set. Training happened during week 1, and we reported the accuracies of the classifier_for test data from subsequent weeks using that initial training set from week 1. Overall classification accuracy of a simple majority classifier was 4%.
Training set
per event
1 (%)
2 (%)
4 (%)
5 (%)
6 (%)
Increasing the number of training instances did increase the classification accuracy. A small number of training samples makes it very important to have accurate training data. Mislabeling of a single training sample can have major impacts on a learned model. For example, the on and off event labels were sometimes flipped for a particular electrical device 21. This highlights the importance of designing a training or calibration scheme that mitigates human error during the training and labeling process.
The results from the one-week deployment in the five other homes 20 are shown in Table 5, and the test data from the end of the week showed promising results. No significant differences in accuracy between old and new homes was observed. The lower classification accuracy for Home 5 was the result of low frequency noise that interfered with transient events.
Table 5 shows performance results of various homes 20. Accuracies are based on the percentage of correctly identified toggled light switches or other events in the test data set. The results of a majority classifier are also shown. For each home 20, the training of the data occurred at the beginning of the week and the test data set was gathered at the end of that week.
Training set
Test set
classif. (%)
In the current implementation, the lower frequency spectrum was analyzed where solid-state switching devices would produce the lowest interference from potential continuous noise. Looking at a larger frequency spectrum provides better classification for certain transient events. In addition, the apparatus 10 should detect and to adapt to random noise events when looking for transient pulses. The reduced-to-practice apparatus 10 monitored amplitudes of the component frequencies. Phase difference between component frequencies, however, may also be considered as part of a feature extraction scheme.
Another consideration relates to scaling of the approach. Although unlikely in domestic settings, compound events, such as two lights toggled simultaneously, can produce errors in classification because their combined transient noises produce different feature vectors. This type of event is more of a concern in a very large home with many residents, or in an apartment building that does not have individually metered units. If users regularly flip light switches nearly simultaneously, this may be trained as a separate event that is distinct from those of individual switches.
The reduced-to-practice implementation of the apparatus 10 focuses on domestic environments, but the apparatus 10 can also be used in commercial settings. Compound events and electrical noise in these settings may become a more significant issue. Another issue is that the electrical lines may be so long that the noise does not reach the analyzer. Commercial buildings typically have multiple electrical legs, and to mitigate problems with compound events and line distance, multiple line noise analyzers may be installed throughout an office building to isolate the analysis to certain sections of the building. In order to scale to the commercial environments, the entire frequency band may be used.
The apparatus 10 is more appropriate for detecting and learning fixed electrical devices as compared to mobile or portable devices. Portable devices require training the apparatus 10 using any possible outlet that the portable device may be plugged into. In addition, plugging the portable device into an extension cord or power strip might produce a fingerprint different from one obtained by plugging it directly into an electrical outlet. With a well-defined set of events that should be detected, a suitable training plan can readily be devised, although it may be time-consuming as the set grows larger.
The apparatus 10 does not require deployment of a large number of data collection modules 12 throughout a home 20. A single data collection module 12 is easier to physically deploy and maintain than a large array of distributed sensors. This simplicity of physical installation and maintenance has its cost in terms of training the machine learning algorithm 30 to recognize a significant number of electrical loads.
Thus, an approach that provides for a low-cost and easy-to-install power line event detection apparatus 10 that is capable of identifying certain electrical events, such as switches that are toggled has been disclosed. This apparatus 10 has implications for applications requiring simple activity detection, home automation systems, and energy usage information. The apparatus 10 learns and classifies unique electrical events with high accuracy using standard machine learning techniques. Additionally, deployment of the apparatus 10 in several homes 20 showed long-term stability and the ability to detect events in a variety of different types of homes 20. The apparatus 10 has the potential to be integrated easily into existing applications that aim to provide services based on detection of various levels of activity.
In operation, the interrogator module 10 a, or the transmitter portion of the interrogator-receiver module 10 c, sends a known broadband reference signal, or interrogation signal, over the power line infrastructure 11 (up to 9 vpp, for example). The receiver section of the interrogator-receiver module 10 c, or the receiver module 10 b, connected to the power line infrastructure 11, listens for the signal and determines if it has changed relative to the reference signal (i.e., changed signal). Any change in the interrogation or reference signal is the result of the on-off status of the electrical device 21, or appliance 21, connected to the power line infrastructure 11. The signal values corresponding to the on-off status of the electrical device 21 are recorded in a database during a calibration process. The interrogator module 10 a, or the interrogator-receiver module 10 c, then looks for the closest match in the database to identify the associated electrical device 21 and its state.
In summary, disclosed are apparatus 10 and methods 40 that identify actuated electrical devices 21 coupled to an electrical power line infrastructure 11 using electrical noise signals generated by the devices 21. The apparatus 10 is embodied in computer apparatus 12, 15, 17 coupled to the electrical power line infrastructure 11 that identifies noise signatures associated with electrical switching devices 21 and loads 21 that are transmitted over the electrical power line infrastructure 11 to determine the on-off status of the one or more switching devices 21 and loads 21. The computer apparatus 12, 15, 17 comprises software 30 that records noise signatures identifying each of the switching devices 21 and loads 21 as they are turned on and off, and identifies switching devices 21 and loads 21 that are actuated by comparing a noise signature transmitted over the electrical power line infrastructure 11 with the recorded noise signatures.
The electrical noise signals are filtered 31 by a power line interface 12 and the filtered electrical noise signals are fast Fourier transformed 32 to generate voltage versus frequency data associated with an actuated device 21. Thus, electrical noise transmitted over the power line infrastructure is monitored to detect electrical noise patterns that correspond to the actuated electrical devices 21. The electrical noise patterns are processed 33 to construct unique electrical noise signatures associated with the actuated electrical devices 21. The unique electrical noise signature may be processed 34 to store it in a database, or an electrical noise signature that is stored in the database that corresponds to the generated electrical noise signature may be processed 34 to retrieve it from the database, and the signatures and related data may be displayed. The noise signature data may be remotely transferred to a central database for power consumption analysis. The data stored in the database may also be presents in a graphical user interface indicating when and how often an electrical device 21 is switched on and off.
In exemplary methods, one or more electrical devices are to an electrical power line infrastructure by way of one or more switching devices. Electrical noise transmitted over the power line infrastructure is monitored. Electrical noise patterns in the monitored electrical noise are detected that corresponds to actuation of each of the one or more electrical devices. The detected electrical noise patterns are processed to generate a unique electrical signature that identifies which of the electrical devices is actuated.
Thus, electrical device actuation detection apparatus and methods have been disclosed. It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of some of the many specific embodiments that represent applications of the principles discussed above. Clearly, numerous and other arrangements can be readily devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 26, 1972
|Jan 30, 1973
|P Howe
|Meter socket voltage recorder unit
|Mar 2, 1983
|Sep 16, 1986
|Siemens-Allis, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for monitoring instantaneous electrical parameters of a power distribution system
|Sep 17, 1986
|Feb 14, 1989
|Triad Communications, Inc.
|Utility meter and submetering system
|Apr 14, 1986
|Aug 15, 1989
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Non-intrusive appliance monitor apparatus
|Aug 14, 1992
|Jan 4, 1994
|Reynolds Software, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for wave analysis and event recognition
|Jun 6, 1994
|Apr 25, 1995
|Wheeler; Jaye F.
|Automatic device for the detection and shutoff of excess water flow in pipes
|Nov 10, 1993
|Aug 15, 1995
|Thompson; Gary E.
|Fluid management system
|Mar 24, 1994
|Jan 9, 1996
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Transient event detector for use in nonintrusive load monitoring systems
|Mar 8, 1995
|Dec 31, 1996
|Ekstrom Industries, Inc.
|Remote automatic meter reading apparatus
|Feb 14, 1994
|Jun 3, 1997
|Murr; William C.
|Remote power cost display system
|Jan 5, 1996
|Feb 10, 1998
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Multiprocessing transient event detector for use in a nonintrusive electrical load monitoring system
|Mar 26, 1997
|Apr 27, 1999
|Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.
|Modular meter based utility gateway enclosure
|Jan 8, 1999
|Aug 14, 2001
|Siemens Power Transmission And Distribution, Llc
|Expansion module for modular meter
|Jun 28, 2001
|Sep 16, 2003
|Robert R. Hunter
|Method and apparatus for reading and controlling electric power consumption
|Aug 27, 2001
|Apr 27, 2004
|Enerwise Global Technologies, Inc.
|Energy information system and sub-measurement board for use therewith
|Jul 15, 1999
|May 11, 2004
|Cratsley, Iii Charles W.
|Method and system for signaling utility usage
|Apr 12, 2001
|Nov 9, 2004
|Central Research Institute Of Electric Power Industry
|System and method for estimating power consumption of electric apparatus, and abnormality alarm system utilizing the same
|Mar 31, 2003
|Jan 4, 2005
|The Texas A&M University System
|Plumbing supply monitoring, modeling and sizing system and method
|Feb 18, 1999
|Feb 8, 2005
|Wrap S.P.A.
|System device and method for monitoring electric users, particularly household appliances
|Nov 17, 2000
|Jun 14, 2005
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Intelligent appliance home network
|Jun 10, 2002
|Mar 28, 2006
|Tantalus Systems Corp.
|Adapter for a meter
|Sep 16, 2003
|May 9, 2006
|Rodenberg Iii Ernest Adolph
|Programmable electricity consumption monitoring system and method
|May 20, 2005
|Nov 14, 2006
|Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
|Fuel tank system
|Apr 1, 2004
|Feb 6, 2007
|Blue Line Innovations Inc.
|System and method for reading power meters
|Feb 1, 2005
|Oct 2, 2007
|Sprint Communications Company L.P.
|Electrical service monitoring system
|Feb 15, 2006
|Jul 15, 2008
|Oxley Developments Company Limited
|Usage monitoring apparatus
|May 13, 2005
|Dec 2, 2008
|Admmicro Properties, Llc
|Energy management system and method to monitor and control multiple sub-loads
|Sep 28, 2006
|Feb 17, 2009
|General Electric Company
|System for power sub-metering
|Feb 27, 2006
|Mar 3, 2009
|Panasonic Corporation
|Power-line carrier communication apparatus
|Jun 8, 2007
|Jun 9, 2009
|General Electric Company
|System for power sub-metering
|Jun 15, 2007
|Sep 15, 2009
|General Electric Company
|MEMS based motor starter with motor failure detection
|Jun 15, 2007
|Nov 3, 2009
|General Electric Company
|Micro-electromechanical system based switching in heating-ventilation-air-conditioning systems
|Dec 23, 2008
|Feb 2, 2010
|Elster Electricity, Llc
|Mechanical packaging apparatus and methods for an electrical energy meter
|Aug 27, 2007
|Apr 20, 2010
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Remote HVAC control with building floor plan tool
|Apr 10, 2007
|Apr 27, 2010
|Whirlpool Corporation
|Energy management system and method
|Sep 6, 2006
|Apr 27, 2010
|Admmicro Properties, Llc
|Energy management system with security system interface
|Jun 7, 2007
|May 18, 2010
|General Electric Company
|Current sensing module and assembly method thereof
|Feb 6, 2006
|Jun 1, 2010
|Smart Disaster Response Technologies, Inc.
|Methods, apparatus, media, and signals for billing utility usage
|Nov 12, 2007
|Jun 29, 2010
|Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.
|Method of communicating a command for load shedding of a load control system
|Dec 15, 2006
|Feb 8, 2011
|Board Of Regents Of The Nevada System Of Higher Education, On Behalf Of The Desert Research Institute
|Utility monitoring and disaggregation systems and methods of use
|Jul 14, 1999
|Jun 14, 2001
|Jay E. Philippbar
|Flood control device
|Aug 27, 2001
|Jan 24, 2002
|Howell Doanld Wayne
|Energy information system and sub-measurement board for use therewith
|Sep 10, 2001
|Mar 13, 2003
|Robert Osann
|Energy-smart home system
|Nov 6, 2001
|May 8, 2003
|General Electric Company
|Methods and systems for monitoring water usage
|Nov 20, 2001
|May 22, 2003
|Lipeng Cao
|Modeling behavior of an electrical circuit
|Apr 15, 2002
|Oct 16, 2003
|Hunt Power, L.P.
|User-installable power consumption monitoring system
|Dec 11, 2003
|Jul 1, 2004
|Lenker Jay A.
|Method and apparatus for water flow sensing and control
|Apr 12, 2002
|Jul 22, 2004
|Paul Gladwin
|Utility usage rate monitor
|Jan 14, 2004
|Oct 21, 2004
|Smith Lee Anthony
|Residential water management system (RWMS)
|Sep 16, 2003
|Mar 17, 2005
|Rodenberg Ernest Adolph
|Programmable electricity consumption monitoring system and method
|Sep 23, 2003
|Mar 31, 2005
|Fima Raoul G.
|Systems and methods for monitoring and controlling water consumption
|Aug 31, 2005
|Jan 12, 2006
|Aqua Conserve, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for using water use signatures and water pressure in improving water use efficiency
|Oct 3, 2005
|Apr 13, 2006
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Power-line communication device
|Dec 19, 2005
|May 18, 2006
|Hunt Power, L.P.
|User-installable power consumption monitoring system
|Feb 15, 2006
|Aug 31, 2006
|Latham Christopher B T
|Usage monitoring apparatus
|Apr 7, 2006
|Nov 2, 2006
|Casella Michael H
|Apparatus, system and method for monitoring, recording and billing for individual fixture and unit water usage in a multi-unit structure
|Jul 14, 2006
|Nov 16, 2006
|Health Hero Network, Inc.
|Home power management system
|Aug 4, 2006
|Feb 7, 2008
|Stanley Gerald R
|Powering a wireless system from preexisting power
|Jun 7, 2007
|Apr 3, 2008
|General Electric Company
|Current Sensing Module and Assembly Method Thereof
|Jun 29, 2007
|Apr 10, 2008
|Carina Technology, Inc.
|System and method for controlling a utility meter
|Jun 28, 2007
|Apr 17, 2008
|Patel Shwetak N
|Sub-room-level indoor location system using power line positioning
|Jan 9, 2008
|Jul 10, 2008
|Power Monitors Inc.
|Method and apparatus for smart circuit breaker
|Jul 26, 2007
|Sep 18, 2008
|I-Conserve, Llc
|System and method for monitoring and estimating energy resource consumption
|Feb 14, 2008
|Oct 16, 2008
|Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.
|Devices, Systems, and Methods for Monitoring Energy Systems
|Jun 15, 2007
|Dec 18, 2008
|General Electric Company
|Micro-electromechanical system based switching in heating-ventilation-air-conditioning systems
|Aug 14, 2007
|Feb 19, 2009
|General Electric Company
|Cognitive electric power meter
|Sep 16, 2008
|Mar 19, 2009
|Georgia Tech Research Corporation
|Detecting actuation of electrical devices using electrical noise over a power line
|Jul 29, 2009
|Feb 4, 2010
|Masters Gilbert J
|Apparatus Using Time-Based Electrical Characteristics to Identify an Electrical Appliance
|Oct 30, 2008
|Mar 18, 2010
|Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware
|System and method for identifying appliances by electrical characteristics
|Sep 18, 2008
|Mar 18, 2010
|Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware
|System and method for identifying appliances by electrical characteristics
|Sep 15, 2009
|May 6, 2010
|Patel Shwetak N
|Sub room level indoor location system using wideband power line positioning
|Nov 27, 2009
|Jun 17, 2010
|Maloney Michael A
|Power distribution controller and related systems and methods
|Jun 12, 2008
|Jul 29, 2010
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Energy consumption measurement
|Feb 20, 2009
|Jan 6, 2011
|Sentec Limited
|Method of inference of appliance usage. data processing apparatus and/or computer software
|Title not available
|Nov 11, 2008
|May 22, 2009
|Eon Consulting (Proprietary) Limited
|A method of demand side electrical load management and an associated apparatus and system
|Jun 20, 2007
|Sep 2, 2009
|System for power sub-metering
|Jun 20, 2007
|Sep 16, 2009
|Current sensing module and assembly method thereof
|Jun 20, 2007
|Mar 24, 2010
|Micro-electromechanical system based switching in heating-ventilation-air-conditioning systems
|Jul 10, 2007
|Jan 15, 2009
|Abr�ll, Andreas
|Electrical device e.g. refrigerator, current consumption controlling apparatus, has learning device for collecting and evaluating data relative to usage of device, and controller for controlling operation of device based on data evaluation
|Mar 22, 2001
|Sep 26, 2001
|Conseil en Technologies Innovantes
|Method for measuring the consumption of an element of an electrical network
|Jun 28, 2002
|Aug 11, 2004
|Robert R. Hunter
|A method and apparatus for reading and controlling electric power consumption
|Jun 20, 2007
|Apr 7, 2010
|General Electric Company
|Micro-electromechanical system based switching in heating-ventilation-air-conditioning systems
|Jun 20, 2007
|Apr 14, 2010
|General Electric Company
|Mems based motor starter with motor failure detection
|Jan 10, 2008
|May 26, 2010
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Decentralized energy system and method for distributing energy in a decentralized energy system
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Aug 26, 1992
|Mar 4, 1993
|Services Industriels De Geneve
|Method for identifying electrical power consumers on a circuit being monitored
|Jun 28, 2002
|Jan 9, 2003
|Trendpoint Systems, Inc.
|A method and apparatus for reading and controlling electric power consumption
|Jun 20, 2007
|Apr 10, 2008
|General Electric Company
|System for power sub-metering
|Jun 20, 2007
|Dec 18, 2008
|General Electric Company
|Mems based motor starter with motor failure detection
|Jun 20, 2007
|Dec 18, 2008
|General Electric Company
|Micro-electromechanical system based switching in heating-ventilation-air-conditioning systems
|Jan 10, 2008
|Apr 2, 2009
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Decentralized energy system and method for distributing energy in a decentralized energy system
|Jul 17, 2009
|Jan 21, 2010
|Isis Innovation Limited
|Utility metering
|Nov 27, 2009
|Jun 3, 2010
|Maloney Michael A
|Power distribution controller and related systems and methods
|Abbott, R. and Hadden, S., Product Specification for a Nonintrusive Appliance Load Monitoring System, EPRI Report #NI-101. 1990.
|Abowd, G., and Mynatt E., Charting Past, Present, and Future Research in Ubiquitous Computing, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, pp. 29-58. 2002.
|Aipperspach, R., Rattenbury, T., Woodruff, A., and Canny J., A Quantitative Method for Revealing and Comparing Places in the Home, In the proceedings of Ubicomp 2006, pp. 1-18. 2006.
|Aipperspach, R., Woodruff, A., Anderson, K., and Hooker, B., Maps of Our Lives: Sensing People and Objects Together in the Home, EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, pp. 1-11. 2005.
|Arvola, A., Uutela, A., Anttila, U., Billing Feedback as a Means to Encourage Household Electricity Conservation: A Field Experiment in Helsinki, Proceedings of the 1993 Summer Study of the European Council for Energy Efficient Economy. pp. 11-21. 2003.
|Beckmann, C., Consolvo, S., and LaMarca, A., Some Assembly Required: Supporting End-User Sensor Installation in Domestic Ubiquitous Computing Environments, In the Proceedings of Ubicomp 2004, pp. 107-124. 2004.
|Beckmann, C., et al., Some Assembly Required: Supporting End-User Sensor Installation in Domestic Ubiquitous Computing Environments. In the Proc of Ubicomp 2004. pp. 107-124. 2004.
|Bian, X., Abowd, G., and Rehg, J., Using Sound Source Localization in a Home Environment, In the Proceedings of the International Conference on Pervasive Computing, 16 pages. 2005.
|Bian, X., et al. "Using Sound Source Localization in a Home Environment," Proc of the International Conference on Pervasive Computing, 2005.
|Brandon, G., Lewis A., Reducing Household Energy Consumption: A Qualitative and Quantitative Field Study, Journal of Environmental Psychology, pp. 75-85. 1999.
|Burges, C., A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition, Journal of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 43 pages. 1998.
|Calwell, C. and Reeder, T., Power Supplies: A Hidden Opportunity for Energy Savings, NRDC, 28 pages. May 22, 2002.
|Chen, J., Kam, A., Zhang, J., Liu, N., Shue, L., Bathroom Activity Monitoring Based on Sound, PERVASIVE 2005, pp. 47-61. 2005.
|Crabtree, A. and Rodden, T., Domestic Routines and Design for the Home, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 40 pages. 2004.
|Crabtree, A., Rodden, T., Hemmings, T., and Benford, S., Finding a Place for UbiComp in the Home, In the proceedings of Ubicomp 2006, pp. 208-226. 2006.
|Darby, S., Making it Obvious: Designing Feedback into Energy Consumption, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting, 11 pages. 2000.
|Darby, S., The Effectiveness of Feedback on Energy Consumption, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, 21 pages. 2006.
|Drenker et al., Nonintrusive Monitoring of Electrical Loads, IEEE Xplore, 5 pages. Oct. 1999.
|Edwards W. and Grinter, R., At Home with Ubiquitous Computing: Seven Challenges, In the Proceedings of Ubicomp 2001, 17 pages. 2001.
|Elliot, K., Neustaedter, C., and Greenberg, S., Time, Ownership and Awareness: The Value of Contextual Locations in the Home, In the proceedings of Ubicomp 2005, pp. 251-268. 2005.
|Fischer, C., Feedback on Household Electricity Consumption: A Tool for Saving Energy? Energy Efficiency, pp. 79-104. 2008.
|Fogarty, J., Au, C., and Hudson, S., Sensing from the Basement: A Feasibility Study of Unobtrusive and Low-Cost Home Activity Recognition, In the Proceedings of ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST 2006), 10 pages. 2006.
|Fogarty, J., et al., "Sensing from the Basement: A Feasibility Study of Unobtrusive and Low-Cost Home Activity Recognition," Proc of ACM Symposium on User Interface Softwareand Technology (UIST 2006), 2006.
|Froehlich, J., Everitt, K., Fogarty, J., Patel, S., Landay, J., Sensing Opportunities for Personalized Feedback Technology to Reduce Consumption. UW CSE Technical Report: CSE 09-13-01, 7 pages. 2009.
|Froehlich, J., Larson, E., Campbell, T., Haggerty, C., Fogarty, J., Patel, S., HydroSense: Infrastructure-Mediated Single-Point Sensing of Whole-Home Water Activity, In the Proceedings of UbiComp 2009, pp. 235-244. 2009.
|Froehlich, J., Sensing and Feedback of Everyday Activities to Promote Environmentally Sustainable Behaviors, Thesis Proposal, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, 35 pages. Jul. 23, 2009.
|Hart, G., Nonintrusive Appliance Load Monitoring, in the Proceedings of the IEEE, pp. 1870-1891. 1992.
|Hart, Nonintrusive Appliance Load Monitoring, IEEE Xplore, 22 pages. Dec. 1992.
|Hemmings, T., Crabtree, A., Rodden, T., Clarke, K., and Rouncefield, M., Probing the Probes, Proceedings of the 7th Biennial Participatory Design Conference, 10 pages. 2002.
|Hirsch, et al.. "The ELDer Project: Social, Emotional, and Environmental Factors in the Design of Eldercare Technologies," Proc of the ACM Conference on Universal Usability, pp. 72-79, 2000.
|Hirsch, T., Forlizzi, J., Hyder, E., Goetz, J., Kurtz, C., Stroback, J., The ELDer Project: Social and Emotional Factors in the Design of Eldercare Technologies, Conference on Universal Usability 2000, pp. 72-79. 2000.
|HomePlug Powerline Alliance, web.archive.org/web/20060225110208/www.homeplug.org/en/products/index.asp, 1 page. 2006.
|Horst, G., Whirlpool Corporation: Woodridge Energy Study and Monitoring Pilot. pp. 1-99. 2006.
|Howell, E., How Switches Produce Electrical Noise, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, pp. 162-170. 1979.
|Howell, E.K., "How Switches Produce Electrical Noise," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 21:3, pp. 162-170, Aug. 1979.
|Iachello, G., Abowd, G., Privacy and Proportionality: Adapting Legal Evaluation Techniques to Inform Design in Ubiquitous Computing, In the Proceedings of CHI 2005, pp. 91-100. 2005.
|Intille, S., Tapia, E., Rondoni, J., Beaudin, J., Kukla, C., Agarwal, S., Bao, L., and Larson, K., Tools for Studying Behavior and Technology in Natural Settings, In the Proceedings of Ubicomp 2003, pp. 157-174. 2003.
|Jetway Computers, FCC Class B Compliance Report, 20 pages. Dec. 29, 2006.
|Kim, Y., Schmid, T., Charbiwala, Z., Srivastava, M., ViridiScope: Design and Implementation of a Fine Grained Power Monitoring System for Homes, In the Proceedings of UbiComp, 10 pages. 2009.
|Kleine, K., 'Smart homes' could track your electrical noise, New Scientist, 2 pages. Sep. 10, 2007.
|Kleine, K., 'Smart homes' could track your electrical noise, New Scientist, 2 pages. Sep. 10, 2007.
|Koile, K., et al., "Activity Zones for Context-Aware Computing," Proc of UbiComp 2003: Ubiquitous Computing, 2003, Seattle, WA, USA.
|Koile, K., Tollmar, K., Demirdjian, D., Shrobe, H., and Darrell, T., Activity Zones for Context-Aware Computing, In the Proceedings of UbiComp 2003. pp. 90-106. 2003.
|lachello, G. et al., "Privacy and Proportionality: Adapting Legal Evaluation Techniques to Inform Design in Ubiquitous Computin," Proc of CHI 2005, pp. 91-100, 2005.
|Laughman et al., Power Signature Analysis, IEEE, 8 pages. Mar./Apr. 2003.
|Lifton, J., Feldmeier, M., Ono, Y., Lewis, C., and Paradiso, J., A Platform for Ubiquitous Sensor Deployment in Occupational and Domestic Environments, In the Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, pp. 119-127. 2007.
|Mainwaring, S. and Woodruff, A., Investigating Mobility, Technology, and Space in Homes, Starting with "Great Rooms," In the proceedings of EPIC 2005, pp. 188-195. 2005.
|Marubayashi, G., "Noise Measurements of the Residential Power Line," Proceedings of International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications 1997, pp. 104-108.
|Marubayashi, G., Noise Measurements of the Residential Power Line, in the Proceedings of International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications, pp. 104-108. 1997.
|Mountain, D., Price Influences Demand, DeGroote School of Business; McMaster University, 16 pages. 2008.
|Mountain, D., SUMMARY The Impact of Real-Time Feedback on Residential Electricity Consumption: The Hydro One Pilot, 4 pages. 2006.
|Murata et al., Estimation of Power Consumption for Household Electric Appliances, Proceedigns of the 9th International Conference on Neural Informatin Processing (ICONIP'02), vol. 6, 5 pages. 2002.
|Murph, D., Electrical Noise Could Help Automate Your Home, Engadget, 4 pages. Sep. 12, 2007.
|O'Brien, J., Rodden, T., Rouncefield, M., and Hughes, J., At Home with the Technology: An Ethnographic Study of a Set-Top-Box Trial. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 282-308. 1999.
|P3 International, Innovative Electronic Solutions, "Kill A Watt(TM) ", 1 page, http://www.p3international.com/products/ special/P4400/P4400-CE.html. 2008.
|P3 International, Innovative Electronic Solutions, "Kill A Watt™ ", 1 page, http://www.p3international.com/products/ special/P4400/P4400-CE.html. 2008.
|Paradiso, J., Some Novel Applications for Wireless Inertial Sensors, In the Proceedings of NSTI Nanotech 2006, Boston, MA, May 7-11, 2006, vol. 3, pp. 431-434. 2006.
|Paradiso, J.A., "Some Novel Applications for Wireless Inertial Sensors," Proc of NSTI Nanotech 2006, vol. 3, Boston, MA, May 7-11, 2006, pp. 431-434.
|Parker, D., Hoak, D., Cummings, J., Contract Report: Pilot Evaluation of Energy Savings from Residential Energy Demand Feedback Devices, Florida Solar Energy Center, A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida, 32 pages. 2008.
|Patel, S., Bringing Sensing to the Masses: An Exploration in Infrastructure-Mediated Sensing (slides and transcript of presentation), Intel Labs Seattle, Washington, 133 pages. Apr. 28, 2008.
|Patel, S., Gupta S., and Reynolds M., End-User-Deployable Whole House Contact-Less Power Consumption Sensing, UbiComp 2009, 4 pages. Sep. 30, 2009.
|Patel, S., Reynolds, M., Abowd, G., Detecting Human Movement by Differential Air Pressure Sensing in HVAC System Ductwork: An Exploration in Infrastructure Mediated Sensing, In the Proceedings of Pervasive 2008. pp. 1-18. 2008.
|Patel, S., Robertson, T., Kientz, J., Reynolds, M., Abowd, G., At the Flick of a Switch: Detecting and Classifying Unique Electrical Events on the Residential Power Line, In the Proceedings of Ubicomp 2007, pp. 271-288. 2007.
|Patel, S., Truong, K., Abowd, G., PowerLine Positioning: A Practical Sub-Room-Level Indoor Location System for Domestic Use, In the Proceedings of Ubicomp 2006, pp. 441-458. 2006.
|Patel, S.N., et al. "PowerLine Positioning: A Practical Sub-Room-Level Indoor Location System for Domestic Use," Proccedings of Ubicomp 2006.
|Philipose, M., Fishkin, K., Perkowitz, M., Patterson, D., Fox, D., Kautz, H. and Hahnel, D., Inferring Activities from Interactions with Objects, IEEE Pervasive Computing, pp. 10-17. 2004.
|Product Data Sheet for UBA2021 630 V driver IC for CFL and TL lamps, 16 pages. Jul. 25, 2008.
|Prudenzi, A Neuron Nets Based Procedure for Identifying Domestic Appliances Pattern-of-Use from Energy Recordings at Meter Panel, IEEE, 6 pages. 2002.
|Rowan, J. et al., "Digital Family Portrait Field Trial: Support for Aging in Place," Proc of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2005), pp. 521-530, 2005.
|Rowan, J., Mynatt, E., Digital Family Portrait Field Trial: Support for Aging in Place, In the Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2005), pp. 521-530. 2005.
|Rubner, J., "Tech professor developing camera cloak", Atlanta Business Chronicle, 2 pages. Jun. 15, 2007.
|Study Finds Elder Care a Growing Emotional and Financial Burden for Baby Boomers, New ADT Monitoring Service for Elderly Helps Ease the Stress of Long Distance Care Giving, Mar. 29, 2005 PR Newswire Eur., 4 pages. 2010.
|Tapia, E., Intille, S., Lopez, L., and Larson, K., The Design of a Portable Kit of Wireless Sensors for Naturalistic Data Collection, In Proceedings of PERVASIVE 2006, pp. 117-134. 2006.
|Tapia, E.M., et al., "The design of a portable kit of wireless sensors for naturalistic data collection," Proc of Pervasive 2006, pp. 117-134.
|The Basic Power Supply Tutorial: Design Concepts, Block Diagram, Theory of Operation, 3 pages, http://www.smps.us/power-supply.html, Jun. 8, 2010.
|Ueno, T., Inada, R., Saeki, O., Tsuji, K., Effectiveness of Displaying Energy Consumption Data in Residential Houses Analysis on How the Residents Respond, ECEEE 2005 Summer Study-What Works and Who Delivers?, pp. 1289-1299. 2005.
|Ueno, T., Inada, R., Saeki, O., Tsuji, K., Effectiveness of Displaying Energy Consumption Data in Residential Houses Analysis on How the Residents Respond, ECEEE 2005 Summer Study—What Works and Who Delivers?, pp. 1289-1299. 2005.
|Weka 3: Data Mining Software in Java. http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/. Mar. 2006.
|Wilson, D., Atkeson, C., Simultaneous Tracking & Activity Recognition (STAR) Using Many Anonymous Binary Sensors. PERCASIVE 2005, pp. 62-79. 2005.
|Wilson, D.H. et al., "Simultaneous Tracking and Activity Recognition (STAR) Using Many Anonymous, Binary Sensors," Proc of Pervasive 2005, pp. 62-79, 2005.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 22, 2011
|Dec 18, 2012
|Belkin International Inc.
|Detecting actuation of electrical devices using electrical noise over a power line
|Jul 29, 2009
|Jun 11, 2013
|Enmetric Systems, Inc.
|Apparatus using time-based electrical characteristics to identify an electrical appliance
|Sep 10, 2010
|Sep 3, 2013
|University Of Cincinnati
|Methods and systems for energy prognosis
|Apr 11, 2012
|Jan 7, 2014
|Belkin International, Inc.
|Systems and methods to emulate high frequency electrical signatures
|Nov 8, 2012
|Jan 28, 2014
|Green Edge Technologies, Inc.
|Systems, devices, and methods for automation and energy management
|Apr 26, 2011
|Apr 29, 2014
|Belkin International, Inc.
|Electrical event detection device and method of detecting and classifying electrical power usage
|Nov 17, 2010
|Sep 2, 2014
|General Electric Company
|Power consumption compliance monitoring system and method
|Mar 15, 2013
|Oct 21, 2014
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Inferring presence and identity of non-linear devices on a powerline communication network
|Apr 11, 2012
|Dec 30, 2014
|Belkin International, Inc.
|Systems and methods for data compression and feature extraction for the purpose of disaggregating loads on an electrical network
|Jan 24, 2014
|Feb 17, 2015
|Green Edge Technologies, Inc.
|Apparatuses and methods for configuring a building automation system
|Feb 13, 2013
|Aug 4, 2015
|Green Edge Technologies, Inc.
|Systems, devices, and methods for mapping devices to realize building automation and energy management
|Mar 14, 2013
|Aug 18, 2015
|Green Edge Technologies, Inc.
|Systems, devices, and methods for dynamically assigning functions to an actuator
|Apr 11, 2012
|Sep 8, 2015
|Belkin International, Inc.
|Systems and methods to isolate lower amplitude signals for analysis in the presence of large amplitude transients
|Dec 17, 2012
|Feb 2, 2016
|Georgia Tech Research Corporation
|Detecting actuation of electrical devices using electrical noise over a power line
|Feb 25, 2013
|Apr 12, 2016
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Monitor apparatus and method for identifying electronic apparatus thereof
|Dec 19, 2013
|May 10, 2016
|Green Edge Technologies, Inc.
|Systems, devices, and methods for automation and energy management
|Aug 23, 2013
|Jun 14, 2016
|Green Edge Technologies, Inc.
|Devices and methods for determining whether an electrical device or component can sustain variations in voltage
|Nov 22, 2013
|Jul 19, 2016
|Belkin International, Inc.
|Systems and methods to emulate high frequency electrical signatures
|Mar 21, 2014
|Oct 11, 2016
|Sony Corporation
|Method, sensor and system for analyzing appliances in a power line network
|Aug 11, 2014
|Mar 14, 2017
|Belkin International Inc.
|Systems and methods for measuring electrical power usage in a structure and systems and methods of calibrating the same
|Feb 6, 2012
|Apr 4, 2017
|Bidgely Inc.
|Systems and methods for improving the accuracy of appliance level disaggregation in non-intrusive appliance load monitoring techniques
|Jul 29, 2009
|Feb 4, 2010
|Masters Gilbert J
|Apparatus Using Time-Based Electrical Characteristics to Identify an Electrical Appliance
|Mar 22, 2010
|Feb 3, 2011
|Intelligent Sustainable Energy Limited
|Non-intrusive utility monitoring
|Sep 10, 2010
|Mar 17, 2011
|University Of Cincinnati
|Methods and systems for energy prognosis
|Feb 28, 2011
|Sep 1, 2011
|Koorosh Mozayeny
|Smart power strip
|Nov 17, 2010
|May 17, 2012
|General Electrical Company
|Power consumption compliance monitoring system and method
|Apr 11, 2012
|Mar 28, 2013
|Belkin International Inc.
|Systems and methods to emulate high frequency electrical signatures
|Apr 11, 2012
|Mar 28, 2013
|Belkin International Inc.
|Systems and methods to isolate lower amplitude signals for analysis in the presence of large amplitude transients
|Feb 15, 2013
|Oct 3, 2013
|Koorosh Mozayeny
|Smart power strip
|Nov 22, 2013
|Mar 20, 2014
|Belkin International, Inc.
|Systems and methods to emulate high frequency electrical signatures
|Feb 26, 2014
|Jun 26, 2014
|Koorosh Mozayeny
|Smart power strip
|Mar 15, 2014
|Sep 18, 2014
|Fluke Corporation
|Automated Combined Display of Measurement Data
|Nov 7, 2013
|May 15, 2014
|Green Edge Technologies, Inc.
|Systems, devices, and methods for automation and energy management
|Apr 11, 2014
|Oct 23, 2014
|Green Edge Technologies, Inc.
|Systems, devices, and methods for energy account management
|U.S. Classification
|340/657, 340/644
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 16, 2008
Owner name: GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH CORPORATION, GEORGIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PATEL, SHWETAK N.;ROBERTSON, THOMAS M.;ABOWD, GREGORY D.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021639/0889;SIGNING DATES FROM 20080909 TO 20080911
Owner name: GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH CORPORATION, GEORGIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PATEL, SHWETAK N.;ROBERTSON, THOMAS M.;ABOWD, GREGORY D.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20080909 TO 20080911;REEL/FRAME:021639/0889
|Aug 21, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 8, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 8, 2015
|Surcharge for late payment