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Beauvericin Production by Fusarium Species
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1 APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 1998, p Vol. 64, No /98/$ Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Beauvericin Production by Fusarium Species A. LOGRIECO, 1 * A. MORETTI, 1 G. CASTELLA, 2 M. KOSTECKI, 2 P. GOLINSKI, 2 A. RITIENI, 3 AND J. CHELKOWSKI 4 Istituto Tossine e Micotossine da Parassiti Vegetali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, 1 and Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti dell Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Naples, 3 Italy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Poznan, 2 and Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, 4 Poland Received 14 November 1997/Accepted 1 June 1998 Beauvericin is a cyclohexadepsipeptide mycotoxin which has insecticidal properties and which can induce apoptosis in mammalian cells. Beauvericin is produced by some entomo- and phytopathogenic Fusarium species (Fusarium proliferatum, F. semitectum, and F. subglutinans) and occurs naturally on corn and corn-based foods and feeds infected by Fusarium spp. We tested 94 Fusarium isolates belonging to 25 taxa, 21 in 6 of the 12 sections of the Fusarium genus and 4 that have been described recently, for the ability to produce beauvericin. Beauvericin was produced by the following species (with the number of toxigenic strains compared with the number of tested strains given in parentheses): Fusarium acuminatum var. acuminatum (1 of 4), Fusarium acuminatum var. armeniacum (1 of 3), F. anthophilum (1 of 2), F. avenaceum (1 of 6), F. beomiforme (1 of 1), F. dlamini (2 of 2), F. equiseti (2 of 3), F. longipes (1 of 2), F. nygamai (2 of 2), F. oxysporum (4 of 7), F. poae (4 of 4), F. sambucinum (12 of 14), and F. subglutinans (3 of 3). These results indicate that beauvericin is produced by many species in the genus Fusarium and that it may be a contaminant of cereals other than maize. Beauvericin is a toxic cyclic hexadepsipeptide first studied for its insecticidal properties (5, 7, 8). Beauvericin is a specific cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor (20) and is toxic to several human cell lines (12). In particular, beauvericin induces programmed cell death similar to apoptosis and causes cytolysis accompanied by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation into multiples of 200 bp (12, 17). In spite of the toxicological importance of beauvericin, the extent of human, animal, and plant exposure to this toxin has not been established. One approach is to screen fungal isolates for their abilities to produce beauvericin. Beauvericin was first reported to be produced by entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown et Smith (8). In 1991, Gupta et al. (7) detected beauvericin in cultures of entomopathogenic strains of Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon var. subglutinans Wollenw. et Reinking and F. semitectum Berk et Rav. Beauvericin also is produced by F. subglutinans (Wollenw. et Reinking) Nelson, Toussoun, et Marasas isolated from maize ears from Austria, Canada, Italy, Poland, Peru, and South Africa, including some strains reported to be toxigenic to experimental animals (9, 10, 14). Beauvericin also is produced by F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg isolated from maize and asparagus (13, 15, 18). In Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Ito in Ito et K. Kimura, beauvericin was produced in large amounts by isolates belonging to mating populations B (F. subglutinans),c(f. proliferatum),d(f. proliferatum), and E (F. subglutinans), whereas isolates of mating populations A (F. moniliforme Sheldon) and F (F. thapsinum Klittich, Leslie, Nelson, et Marasas, sp. nov.) produce little, if any, of this toxin (15). * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Istituto Tossine e Micotossine da parassiti vegetali, CNR, Viale Einaudi 51, Bari, Italy. Phone: Fax: This work is dedicated to the memory of Professor P. E. Nelson. Present address: Departamento Patologia Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Autonoma, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. In the present study we measured the beauvericin production capabilities of Fusarium isolates representing 25 taxa, 21 in 6 of the 12 sections of Fusarium (16) and 4 that have been described recently. Materials and methods. The strains we used (Table 1) are deposited in culture collections at the Institute of Plant Genetics (KF), Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland (on autoclaved wheat kernels), and the Istituto Tossine e Micotossine da Parassiti Vegetali (ITEM), Bari, Italy, in sterile 18% glycerol at 75 C. The abilities of different isolates to produce beauvericin were determined by analyzing maize kernel fungal cultures grown in duplicate as previously reported (11). Control maize meal was produced in the same way, except that it was not inoculated. Samples of Fusarium cultures (15 g) were dried, ground (powdered), extracted overnight with 75 ml of solvent (acetonitrile-methanol-water, 16:3:1 [vol/vol/vol]), and filtered (Whatman no. 4 filter paper). The filtrate was defatted twice with 25 ml of heptane, and the bottom layer was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 50 ml of solvent (methanol:water, 1:1 [vol/vol]) and extracted twice with 25 ml of methylene chloride. The methylene chloride phase (containing beauvericin) was collected and evaporated to dryness. A beauvericin standard was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, Mo.). Beauvericin was analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (13) and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Evaporated extract containing BEA was dissolved in 1 ml of methanol, and 0.5 ml was applied to the top of a column containing 2 g of silica gel 60 (200/400 mesh; Aldrich), activated for 2 h at 110 C. The column was preconditioned with 5 ml of chloroform-2-propanol (95:5 [vol/vol]). The extract on the column was washed with the same solvent (3 ml), and then beauvericin was eluted with another 5 ml of the same solvent. Beauvericin was quantified by using a Waters 501 apparatus with a C 18 Nova Pack column (3.9 by 300 mm) and a Waters 486 UV detector ( 204 nm; Y 225) at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min; the retention time was 10.5 min and the 3084
2 VOL. 64, 1998 BEAUVERICIN PRODUCTION BY FUSARIUM SPECIES 3085 TABLE 1. Production of beauvericin by species of Fusarium on autoclaved maize kernels Fusarium species Original no. Strain Other designation(s) Original host Source b Geographic origin Beauvericin production ( g/g) c Discolor F. culmorum KF-833 Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND KF-838 Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND KF-839 Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND KF-1144 Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND KF-1147 Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND KF-1158 Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND ITEM-478 Zea mays AL Italy ND ITEM-627 Triticum aestivum AL Yugoslavia ND F. cerealis KF-501 Zea mays JC Poland ND KF-582 Zea mays JC Poland ND KF-1154 Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND ITEM-619 Triticum aestivum AL Yugoslavia ND ITEM-667 Solanum tuberosum AL Italy ND F. graminearum ITEM-644 Panicus crusgalli AL Italy ND ITEM-646 Triticum durum AL Italy ND KF-1413 Zea mays JC Poland ND ITEM-645 Triticum durum AL Italy ND ITEM-635 Zea mays AL Italy ND F. sambucinum ITEM-847 BBA Brassica oleracea HN The Netherlands 2 ITEM-934 BBA Triticum aestivum HN Switzerland 21 ITEM-952 BBA Beta vulgaris HN Spain 53 ITEM-954 BBA Soil HN The Netherlands 38 ITEM-955 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN Germany 20 ITEM-848 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN Italy 76 ITEM-956 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN Iran 130 ITEM-957 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN England 190 ITEM-958 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN France 38 ITEM-933 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN France 17 ITEM-846 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN Germany 230 ITEM-961 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN Finland 3 ITEM-960 BBA Glycine max HN Brazil ND ITEM-959 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN Finland ND F. venenatum ITEM-831 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN Poland ND ITEM-835 BBA Zea mays HN Germany ND ITEM-836 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN Finland ND ITEM-834 BBA Humulus lupulus HN Germany ND F. torulosum ITEM-838 BBA Solanum tuberosum HN Finland ND ITEM-840 BBA Betula verrucosa HN Germany ND ITEM-841 BBA Buxus sp. HN The Netherlands ND ITEM-843 BBA Hordeum vulgare HN Hungary ND ITEM-844 BBA Triticum sp. HN Germany TR ITEM-953 BBA Unknown HN The Netherlands ND ITEM-839 BBA Triticum aestivum HN Australia ND F. flocciferum KF-2108 Soil JC England ND KF-2109 Soil JC England ND Gibbosum F. acuminatum var. acuminatum F. acuminatum var. armeniacum KF-332 ITEM-995 Potato JC Poland 8 ITEM 728 Zea mays kernels AL Peru ND ITEM-993 NRRL Aspergillus sclerotia AL United States ND ITEM-1042 BBA Soil HN Denmark ND ITEM-992 NRRL-6227 Fescue hay SWP United States ND ITEM-797 MRC-3826 Oats WFOM South Africa ND KF-359 NRRL-13334, ITEM-998 JC Poland 2 F. compactum ITEM-488 Zea mays AL Italy ND ITEM-616 Cicer arietinum AL Italy ND ITEM-1289 Musa sp. AL Cretan island ND F. scirpi ITEM-1166 NRRL-13156, FRC-R6252 Soil SWP Australia ND F. equiseti KF 403 R-7617 Corn feed PEN United States ND KF-1011 ITEM 2892 Lycopersicon esculentum fruit JC Poland 12 KF-1017 ITEM-2889 Lycopersicon esculentum fruit JC Poland 3 Continued on following page
3 3086 LOGRIECO ET AL. APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL. TABLE 1 Continued Fusarium species Original no. Strain Other designation(s) Original host Source b Geographic origin Beauvericin production ( g/g) c F. longipes KF-475 R-7459, ITEM-3202 String bean PEN Philippines 200 ITEM-870 NRRL Soil SWP Australia ND Liseola F. subglutinans ITEM-805 Musa fruit AL Panama 10 ITEM-807 Musa fruit AL Panama 300 ITEM-817 Musa fruit AL Ecuador 300 F. anthophilum KF-391 NRRL Sugarcane JC India 1,300 ITEM-3197 KF-461 M-1134 Plantago lanceolata PEN United States ND Elegans (F. oxysporum) KF-75 ITEM-2890 Triticum aestivum JC Poland 13 KF-93 ITEM-2469 Zea mays JC Poland 83 KF-1230 ITEM-2470 Zea mays stalk JC Poland 3,200 ITEM-1508 Zea mays AL Italy TR ITEM-1461 Asparagus sp. AL Italy ND ITEM-1463 Asparagus sp. AL Italy ND ITEM-1443 Triticum durum AL Italy ND Sporotrichiella F. chlamydosporum KF-333 BBA Triticum aestivum HN Canada ND F. poae KF-1404 ITEM-2891 Zea mays JC Poland 36 KF-1409 ITEM-2893 Zea mays JC Poland 63 ITEM-1446 Triticum durum AL Italy TR ITEM-1523 Zea mays AL Poland 20 F. sporotrichioides ITEM-550 KF-96, ATTC Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND ITEM-710 NRRL-3510, FRC-T345, Panicum milaceum SWP USSR ND MRC 1704 F. tricinctum KF-248 ITEM-706 Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND KF-260 ITEM-649 Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND Roseum (F. avenaceum) KF-203 Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND KF-831 Triticum aestivum JC Poland ND KF-1215 ITEM-3187 Zea mays JC Poland 7 KF-1337 DAOM Pea pod JC Canada ND ITEM-620 Triticum aestivum AL Yugoslavia ND ITEM-859 Triticum durum Italy ND Recently described species F. polyphialidicum KF-464 M-2405, MRC-3389* Citrus debris in soil PEN South Africa ND F. beomiforme KF-1906 ITEM-3188 Soil LWB Australia 5 F. dlamini KF-463 M-1637, MRC-3032*, ITEM- Plant debris in soil PEN South Africa KF-338 BBA 64596, ITEM-3199 Vitis vinifera JC Germany 94 F. nygamai KF-434 M-1540, ITEM-3200 Soil debris PEN Australia 19 KF-437 BBA-64375, ITEM-3201 Cajanus indicus HN India 3 a From other collections. *, ex-holotype culture. b LWB, L. W. Burgess, Fusarium Research Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; JC, J. Chelkowski; AL, A. Logrieco; WFOM, W. F. O. Marasas, Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; PEN, P. E. Nelson, Fusarium Research Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa.; HN, H. Nirenberg, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin, Germany; SWP, S. W. Peterson, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Ill. c ND, not detected. TR, trace. beauvericin detection limit was 0.07 g/g at a of 204 nm and 0.8 g/g at a of 225 nm. The production of beauvericin by F. oxysporum (ITEM-2470), F. poae (ITEM-1523), and F. sambucinum (ITEM-846) was confirmed by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and by low-resolution electronic-impact mass spectrometry (m/z 784) performed separately on the toxin purified from the fungal culture. In particular, the molecular peak at m/z 783 and the fragments at m/z 261 and 522 obtained by low-resolution electronic-impact mass spectrometry confirmed the trimeric structure of beauvericin. Proton and carbon NMR spectra were run in CDCl 3 (2 mg/ml) on a Bruker AMX600 spectrometer operating at and
4 VOL. 64, 1998 BEAUVERICIN PRODUCTION BY FUSARIUM SPECIES MHz, respectively. The 1 H and 13 C data were consistent with previous results (13). Results. Results of beauvericin production by 94 Fusarium isolates on maize cultures are summarized in Table 1. In the Discolor section, 12 of 14 isolates of F. sambucinum Fuckel sensu stricto produced 2 to 230 g of beauvericin/g. In the Gibbosum section, beauvericin production was mostly at low levels. The highest beauvericin producer was one of the two tested strains of F. longipes Wollenw. et Reinking (ITEM- 3202) (200 g/g). Other beauvericin-producing species of this section were Fusarium acuminatum Ell. et Ev. var. acuminatum (one of four isolates), Fusarium acuminatum var. armeniacum Forbes et al. (one of three isolates), and F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc. (two of three isolates). In the Liseola section, all three isolates of F. subglutinans from bananas and one of two isolates of F. anthophilum (A. Braun) Wollenw. produced beauvericin (from 10 to 300 g/g and 1,300 g/g, respectively). Four of seven tested strains of F. oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Snyd. et Hans (Elegans section) produced beauvericin, including ITEM-2470, the highest-producing strain of this study, which was isolated from Polish maize and produced 3,200 g/g. In the Sporotrichiella section, all four tested strains of F. poae (Peck) Wollenw. produced the toxin, ranging from traces (ITEM from wheat) to 63 g/g (ITEM-2893 from maize). One of the F. avenaceum (Fz.) Sacc. isolates (Roseum section) produced beauvericin at a very low level (7 g/g). Finally, of four recently described species, three produced beauvericin. In particular, one isolate of F. beomiforme Nelson, Toussoun, et Burgess, two isolates of F. dlamini Marasas et al., and two isolates of F. nygamai Burgess et Trimboli all produced low levels of beauvericin. Discussion. Fourteen Fusarium species now are known to produce beauvericin. To our knowledge, this report is the first of beauvericin production by strains of F. sambucinum, F. acuminatum var. acuminatum, F. acuminatum var. armeniacum, F. equiseti, F. longipes, F. anthophilum, F. oxysporum, F. poae, F. avenaceum, F. beomiforme, F. dlamini, and F. nygamai. The species that produce beauvericin occur worldwide and can grow in various ecological niches as well as on various host plants (3). Previous studies reported the natural occurrence of beauvericin only in maize (19) and identified F. subglutinans and F. proliferatum as the main beauvericin producers and the species responsible for its accumulation (9, 14, 15, 18). Our findings suggest that other species occurring on maize can contribute to beauvericin contamination, especially F. poae. We suspect that beauvericin could be a common wheat contaminant because F. poae is a common wheat pathogen (3). Further study of beauvericin production by some species not commonly isolated from maize is needed. In this study, F. oxysporum ITEM-2470 was the highest beauvericin producer, even though some other strains in this species did not produce any detectable beauvericin. These differences suggest that beauvericin might play a role in the plant diseases induced by these fungi and that beauvericin might be specific for some formae speciales. Most of the strains of F. sambucinum analyzed in this study were beauvericin producers. The highest producers (up to 230 g/g) were isolated from European potatoes. The strains of F. sambucinum we used were previously studied in a European F. sambucinum project, and they produced trichothecenes (specifically diacetoxyscirpenol and/or neosolaniol and T-2 toxin) and enniatin B (1). The ability of these strains to synthesize beauvericin suggests that further studies should be made on the occurrence of beauvericin together with other toxins in infected potatoes. The abilities of several species of the Liseola and Elegans sections and of three recently described species to produce beauvericin agree with their proposed taxonomic and molecular affinities (6). F. beomiforme, F. nygamai, and F. dlamini are often isolated from tropical and subtropical niches and plants (e.g., Striga hermontica, Sudan [21]; Cajanus indicus, India; soil debris, Australia). Thus, we suspect that beauvericin could be a potential contaminant of plants and commodities in those areas. This hypothesis is supported by the production of beauvericin by all three strains of F. subglutinans isolated from banana fruits in Ecuador and Panama. If the toxigenic ability of a fungal population from a specific plant host were known, it could indicate the possible toxin contaminants on the plant products as well as possible synergistic effects of the toxins on the plant. Many strains analyzed in our study produced little, if any, beauvericin. Many of these have been maintained in culture collections for extended periods of time and may have lost their ability to produce toxins. As an example, F. dlamini ITEM-3198, which produced 19 g of beauvericin/g (Table 1), was also received from another source, but that specimen failed to produce any detectable toxin. Studies of freshly isolated field strains may be necessary to accurately determine the abilities of some species to produce beauvericin. In conclusion, beauvericin appears to be one of the toxins most widely produced by species of Fusarium. Additional data on its possible interactions with other toxins produced by these fungi, e.g., trichothecenes, enniatins, fumonisins, fusaric acid, moniliformin, and fusaproliferin (1, 2, 4, 9, 15), are needed to evaluate the potential toxicity and synergistic effects of beauvericin. This work was supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, D.M. 131/7240/94 del 14/02/1992, prog. 451, and promoted by a scientific collaboration project sponsored by CNR (National Council of Research of Italy) and PAN (Polish Academy of Sciences). We thank L. W. Burgess (Fusarium Research Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia), W. F. O. Marasas (Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa), H. Nirenberg (Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin, Germany) and S. W. Peterson (National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Ill.) for providing isolates. REFERENCES 1. Altomare, C., A. Logrieco, and A. Bottalico Production of type A trichothecenes and enniatin B by Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel sensu lato. Mycopathologia 129: Bacon, C. W., J. K. Porter, W. P. Norred, and J. F. Leslie Production of fusaric acid by Fusarium species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: Booth, C The genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England. 4. Bottalico, A., A. Logrieco, A. Ritieni, A. Moretti, G. Randazzo, and P. Corda Beauvericin and fumonisin B1 in preharvest Fusarium moniliforme maize ear rot in Sardinia. Food Addit. Contam. 12: Grove, J. F., and M. Pople The insecticidal activity of beauvericin and the enniatin complex. Mycopathologia 70: Guadet, J., J. Julien, J. F. Lafay, and Y. Brygoo Phylogeny of some Fusarium species, as determined by large-subunit rrna sequence comparison. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6: Gupta, S., S. B. Krasnoff, N. L. Underwood, J. A. A. Renwick, and D. W. Roberts Isolation of beauvericin as an insect toxin from Fusarium semitectum and Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans. Mycopathologia 115: Hamill, R. L., C. E. Higgens, H. E. Boaz, and M. Gorman The structure of beauvericin: a new depsipeptide antibiotic toxic to Artemia salina. Tetrahedron Lett. 49: Logrieco, A., A. Moretti, A. Ritieni, J. Chelkowski, C. Altomare, A. Bottalico, and G. Randazzo Natural occurrence of beauvericin in preharvest Fusarium subglutinans infected corn ears in Poland. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: Logrieco, A., A. Moretti, C. Altomare, A. Bottalico, and E. Carbonell Torres.
5 3088 LOGRIECO ET AL. APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL Occurrence and toxicity of Fusarium subglutinans from Peruvian maize. Mycopathologia 122: Logrieco, A., A. Moretti, F. Fornelli, V. Fogliano, A. Ritieni, M. F. Caiaffa, G. Randazzo, A. Bottalico, and L. Macchia Fusaproliferin production by Fusarium subglutinans and its toxicity to Artemia salina, SF-9 insect cells, and IARC/LCL 171 human B lymphocytes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: Macchia, L., R. Di Paola, F. Fornelli, S. Nenna, A. Moretti, R. Napoletano, A. Logrieco, M. F. Caiaffa, and A. Bottalico Cytotoxicity of beauvericin to mammalian cells, p In Abstracts of the International Seminar on Fusarium: Mycotoxins, Taxonomy and Pathogenicity, 9 to 13 May 1995, Martina Franca, Italy. Stampasud, Mottola, Italy. 13. Moretti, A., A. Logrieco, A. Bottalico, A. Ritieni, and G. Randazzo Production of beauvericin by Fusarium proliferatum from maize in Italy. Mycotoxin Res. 10: Moretti, A., A. Logrieco, A. Bottalico, A. Ritieni, G. Randazzo, and P. Corda Beauvericin production by Fusarium subglutinans from different geographical areas. Mycol. Res. 99: Moretti, A., A. Logrieco, A. Bottalico, A. Ritieni, V. Fogliano, and G. Randazzo Diversity in beauvericin and fusaproliferin production by different populations of Gibberella fujikuroi (Fusarium section Liseola). Sydowia 48: Nelson, P. E., T. A. Toussoun, and W. F. O. Marasas Fusarium species: an illustrated manual for identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pa. 17. Ojcious, D. M., A. Zychlinsky, L. M. Zheng, and J. D.-E. Young Ionophore-induced apoptosis: role of DNA fragmentation and calcium fluxes. Exp. Cell Res. 197: Plattner, R. D., and P. E. Nelson Production of beauvericin by a strain of F. proliferatum isolated from corn fodder for swine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: Ritieni, A., A. Moretti, A. Logrieco, A. Bottalico, G. Randazzo, S. M. Monti, R. Ferracane, and V. Fogliano Occurrence of fusaproliferin, fumonisin B1, and beauvericin in maize from Italy. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45: Tomoda, H., X. H. Huang, H. Nishida, R. Nagao, S. Okuda, H. Tanaka, S. Omura, H. Arai, and K. Inoue Inhibition of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase activity by cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics. J. Antibiot. 45: Zonno, M. C., M. Vurro, R. Capasso, A. Evidente, A. Cutugnano, J. Sauerborn, and H. Thomas Phytotoxic metabolites produced by Fusarium nygamai from Striga hermontica, p In V. C. Moran and J. H. Hoffmann (ed.), Proceedings of the IXth International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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The selfmade man used to be someone that started selling newspapers and eventually turned into a millionaire. Today the selfmade man is someone different. He is independent, makes his own choices. Enter Binck; the online discount broker that allows you to buy and sell your stocks directly online, without needing any agent.
To make this commercial agency XXS suggested director Billy Pols to the client. The reason: Pols used to be a skateboarder (and even made a documentary about it) and according to XXS is a good example of a selfmade director. When Binck saw Pols' reel they gave him carte blanche.
Pols about the production: "I was surprised that Binck gave me so much freedom. There was no fear, which gave me room to create something special".
When we told Pols we found the bearded guy surfing a little cliché he told us: "This guy is the real deal, he surfs without a wetsuit in Capetown. So I don't care if he has long hair and a beard." Fair enough – though this knowledge now makes the business suit look a little funny on him.
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Still alive (:
Still bleeding and cramping really bad but all the tests came back ok...went to see the Christmas story play with my honey today, it was good. Hubby's mom took the kids for more Santa pictures!
wonderful pictures! looks like Bentley didn't like Santa :) feel better Sarah!
I was like Bentley was when I was a kid. The idea of sitting on a strange man's lap frightened me, too. :p
I hope you get to feeling better, Sarah. Do they know what's wrong?
I hope you get to feeling better, Sarah. Do they know what's wrong?
I hope they find out why. That sounds scary.
How are you feeling today, @Sarah?
I hope so, too. I will be praying for you. :)
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What's around
- In Garden Route
- Fancourt Golf Estate (0.4 mi / 0.7 km)
- Redberry Farm (1.9 mi / 3 km)
- George Golf Club (2.8 mi / 4.5 km)
- Kingswood Golf Estate (3 mi / 4.8 km)
- Garden Route Botanical Garden (4.4 mi / 7 km)
Fancourt, George
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $221
- Suite, 2 Bedrooms
- Master bedroom suite
- Classic Twin Room
- Luxury suite
- Suite, 1 Bedroom
- One-Bedroom Suite Twin
- Luxury Room
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 68 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 2 floors
- Check-in time 2 PM-midnight
- Check-out time is 11 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Up to 2 children (12 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Free babysitting/childcare
- Free children's club
- Pets not allowed (service animals welcome)
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Airport shuttle (available 24 hours) *
- Free valet parking (limited)
- RV/bus/truck parking *
- Area shuttle *
Nearby Five Star George hotels
In the hotel
- Children's club (free)
- Supervised childcare/activities (surcharge)
- Free English breakfast daily
- 3 restaurants
- 2 bars/lounges
- Poolside bar
- 24-hour room service
- Number of indoor pools - 2
- Number of outdoor pools - 2
- Fitness facilities
- Golf course on site
- Outdoor tennis courts - 4
- Full-service spa
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Tennis on site
- Spa tub
- Children's pool
- Steam room
- Pool sun loungers
- Sauna
- Pool umbrellas
- Arcade/game room
- Business center
- Number of meeting rooms - 7
- Conference space
- Meeting rooms 7
- Conference center
- Computer station
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Hair salon
- Luggage storage
- Wedding services
- Multilingual staff
- Porter/bellhop
- ATM/banking
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Designated smoking areas (fines apply)
- Garden
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Bathrobes
- Slippers
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Turndown service
- In-room massage available
- Balcony or patio
- Private bathroom (not in room)
- Deep soaking bathtub
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Flat-screen TV
- Satellite TV channels
- DVD player
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Free bottled water
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Access via exterior corridors
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Nearby hotels
Also popular with travelers from the USA
Special features
Fancourt Spa has 12 treatment rooms including rooms for couples. Services include deep-tissue massages, hot stone massages, sports massages, and Swedish massages. The spa is equipped with a sauna and a steam room. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including aromatherapy, hydrotherapy, and reflexology.
DiningLa Cantina - This restaurant specializes in Italian cuisine and serves dinner only. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar. A children's menu is available. Reservations are required.
Henry Whites - This restaurant serves dinner only. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar. Reservations are required.
Morning Glory - Overlooking the golf course, this restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and light fare.
Club Bar - Overlooking the golf course, this lobby lounge specializes in American cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, dinner, and light fare. A children's menu is available.
On Site
- Fitness facilities
- Golf course on site
- Outdoor tennis courts - 4
- Sauna
- Spa tub
- Steam room
- Tennis on site
- Bicycle rentals on site
- Fishing on site
- Golf lessons on site
- Golf driving range on site
- Golfing on site
- Hiking/biking trails on site
- Pilates classes on site
- Playground on site
- Tennis lessons on site
- Volleyball on site
- Yoga classes/instruction on site
- Ecotours nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Mountain biking nearby
- Parasailing nearby
- Rafting nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Scuba diving nearby
- Skydiving nearby
- Snorkeling nearby
- Surfing/boogie boarding nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
Fancourt, George's small print
Also known as
- Fancourt
- Fancourt George
- Fancourt Hotel
- Fancourt Hotel George
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
For transfers, guests must contact the property 72 hours prior to arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Reservations are required for golf tee times, massage services, and spa treatments and can be made by contacting the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Optional extras
RV/bus/truck parking is available for an extra charge
Rollaway beds are available for ZAR 0.00 per stay
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of ZAR 145 per person (roundtrip)
Area shuttle service is offered for an extra charge
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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Focuses on behavioral, cognitive, constructivist learning theories, related concepts, and their implications for designing instruction. Develops students' critical thinking about desirable cognitive outcomes when designing educational experiences.
Course objectives include:
- The ability to examine learners' learning preferences and their capacities to organize and coordinate information.
- Comparing and contrasting emerging theories of adult learning (andragogy) with theories of how children learn (pedagogy).
- Recognizing the impact of learning theories on the design of learning environments including environments where technology supports learning.


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Authentic Japanese Home Cooking Class in Tokyo!
The Voyagin team has screened this host. Learn more
ONLY for Voyagin guests! 30% OFF Mobile Wifi Service when you travel in Japan! (Click here for more details)
Do you like to eat & learn how to prepare Japanese home cooking? Food is a huge part of every culture, and you can learn part of it in English through my class! Just about 15 minute train ride from Shinjuku! Let's have a good cooking & good time!
- Learn the authentic Japanese home cooking. Make one main dish, and 2 side dishes!
- Learn about the important ingredients in Japanese cooking.
- Local super market tour is available!
- Enjoy meal with a glass of Sparkling Sake(non-alcohol drink is available also)
- Welcoming atmosphere kitchen about 15 minute train ride from Shinjuku area the central Tokyo!
Sushi, Tempura, and Sukiyaki are not the only Japanese foods!
You can try more and more and more great tasty Japanese foods!
Do you like to eat and learn how to prepare it? Let's do it together at a really convenient area in Tokyo with your teacher Lisa who is a big food lover, and cooking lover! :D
We are going to experience Japanese home cooking together, and you can ask me if you have any question, so that you can learn more! :D
We are going to make one main dish, and 2 side dishes. The menu will be set by the chef, so please ask for the details. If you want to take a private lesson, I can arrange it for you too, so please let me know.
Example of the menu:
☆Gyudon (Beef bowl),
☆Gyoza dumpling
☆Butano Kakuni (Braised pork belly)
☆Grilled pork with ginger sauce
☆Teriyaki Chicken
☆Sweet chicken wing with sweet sauce
☆Temaki Sushi (Roll Sushi)
☆Temari Sushi (One bite size Sushi)
and more!
Meeting Point
Kamishakujii Station or Musashiseki Station (Both on Seibu Shinjuku Line)
Important Information
If you have any food allergies please let me know.
What you need to bring
You don't have to bring anything. Just come and join!
- 日本語 (Fluent)
- English (Intermediate)
My name is Ai Lisa. I am a 34-year-old Japanese female. I used to live in Los Angeles California for 7 years.
I learned cooking from my mother who used to own a Bento (lunch box) shop, and grandmother who is the owner of a Japanese style hotel and chef. Food is a huge part of culture, and I am a big food lover! I want to share my passion for food and cooking with you!
View full profile
Reviews (5)
Funny and tasty
She's really nice. Funny, warm and food is tasty.
We took many food pictures. I've learnt it and my friend is a good photographer.
She is a good communicator so we really enjoyed!
Great! We'll be back!
We had a great time learning to cook Japanese dishes with Ai! A highlight of our trip to Japan.
We cooked teriyaki salmon, fried lotus root cakes with dashi sauce, and ton jiru (pork and vegetable miso soup). Ai's directions were really clear and simple, she is a great teacher. The final meal was very delicious and we think we will have no trouble recreating it again back home thanks to Ai's careful instruction and provided recipes! After lunch Ai took us to a nearby supermarket to show us what we would need to buy to make the dishes. While we were there she also helped us with a couple of other supermarket items we needed - help we certainly needed and greatly appreciated.
Ai herself is lovely and a great host. She is the kind of interesting and dynamic person with whom you could easily talk for many hours. When she learnt that we were on our honeymoon she made an effort to congratulate us. It was truly heartwarming and we'll never forget it!
If you're in Tokyo and you like to cook and meet new people, book a class with Ai. You'll love it!
Delicious, customized, and informative immersion into Japanese food!
What an incredible class we had! Ai was great at communicating with us before the lesson, agreeing to customize the menu to include a newfound favorite of ours--nasu! She also gave very clear instructions about where to meet her and she was exactly on time, despite the dreary weather. Fortunately, the cooking studio was barely two minutes' walk from the station!
Ai gave us a few small jobs to do early on, but the real value in the course came from the hands-on technique instruction in how to make the perfect sushi rice (my rice-cooling technique was all wrong!), and how to prep the eggplant for frying. We also learned how to make dashi, and Ai carefully explained the ingredients used and the variants we might see in U.S. grocery stores. Because we had made sushi previously, Ai gave us a more creative, thick roll, with several new-to-us ingredients inside. Thanks to her excellent advice, I was able to locate mitsuba (kind of like Japanese parsley) back home! We also learned how to make dashimaki tamago, and Ai advised us about the perfect amount of dashi to use to add flavor but maintain enough structure to roll.
After we enjoyed our creations (along with a delicious sake that Ai brought us, of which we bought several more bottles during our stay!), Ai took us to a nearby market so we could learn a little more about Japanese produce. She was extremely patient with us, allowing me time to snap pictures of products she recommended, and answering our myriad questions.
All three of us had a fantastic time, and not only would I heartily recommend Ai's class to someone else, I would also take a class from her again next time I'm in Japan! She is a fantastic teacher and an incredibly warm person...getting to meet her was a true joy and one of the highlights of our trip!
An AMAZING Experience
Not in a million years would I have thought that I can make my own sushi..
Lisa met us at the Roppongi station, welcoming us with a warm, friendly, smile. Lisa spent some time in Los Angeles, her English is perfect, which was great, now, we can focus on the cooking ..
Lisa (Ai) gave us a hand drawn menu, and the recipes in clear hand writing, we had:
Sushi - Meshi (Rice in Vinigar)
Houreshou - Tomayogoshi
Dashi (Japanese Soup Stock)
Osuimono (Clear Soup)
Nasu - Agebitashi (Fried Eggplant with Vinegar Sauce)
Dashi maki Tamago (Japanese Omelet)
Fotomaki - Zushi (Thick Roll Sushi)
Yes Folks, we made all these.
Lisa is very passionate about the Japanese culture, and it shows, she explained about traditional cooking, the preferred taste for the Japanese palate, we also talked about Tokyo, and its history, all while chopping, heating, and cooking.
the cooking took us about 2 hours, we then set the table, Lisa brought a bottle of sparkling Sake, we got a six pack of Asahi beer, and we started eating.
The food tasted great, Lisa put together a winning menu, every dish was a hit, most notable are the Sushi, and Fried Eggplant. After we finished the meal, and had great conversation, we stayed around to help clean a bit, and off we went to Karaoke, just down the street.
In Summary: A Fantastic experience, I have to rank this experience as one of the biggest highlights of my trip. I learned a lot, I had great conversations, we laughed a lot, all while eating amazing food that we created together... Thank you Lisa, thank you Voyagin.
Great teacher and great food!
Had a great time learning to make some amazing food with Lisa. She was able to make a special menu to avoid allergies and give us an insight into Japanese home cooking. Would highly recommend this experience
Up to 1 Week Prior


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Grade School Team
Back row: Janet Brinkman- Assistant Coach, Jenny White-Assistant Coach, Cassondra Cook, Emma Foster, Jonathan Allen,
Francis Nguyen, Michael Norris, Kioneyshka Alvira- Jurado, Julia Bronneberg, Briona Zuppa, Dalton Burlingame
Jeff LeRoy- Coach
Front row: Abdulwadood Mohammed, Abigail Northway, Francois DeGrasse, Shannan Green
Wednesday. September 28, 2016
The Baby Bisons had our first game of the season yesterday. We faced the Rochester Wildcats on our home field. It was a great experience for both teams and an opportunity for some great competition! The Baby Bisons worked well together in this first game and demonstrated they were in shape and ready to play. Kioney Alvira-Jurado had the only goal of the game for the Bisons on a penalty kick. Rochester won the game 6-1. Our next game is Wednesday Oct 5th against Elmwood Franklin at 3:30pm! See you then!
Wednesday, October 12th, 2016
The Baby Bison's took on Tapestry last week but were out matched and lost by a score of 0-6. The Baby Bisons scrambled to keep up with Tapestry who had a very skilled squad. The Baby Bison's continue to work hard and concentrate on improving their skills and play as a team.
Wednesday, October 19th , 2016
The weather was terrific for a soccer game as the Baby Bison's took the field against Nichols yesterday. Baby Bison's started new goalie Abdulwadood Mohamed in net. Abdulwadood did his best to stop Nichols and their attack from scoring. Abdulwadood showed great potential as a goalie. Michael Norris took over in net and the Baby Bison's were able to slow Nichols down a bit as the game ended in Nichols favor and we were defeated 0-7.
Please join us for our last game on Wednesday October 26, 2016 to cheer us on!
Wednesday, October 26, 2016
The Baby Bison's pushed through the cold weather against Nichols for a 2-2 tie yesterday! Julia Bronneberg scored first for the Baby Bison's which made it 2-1 in favor of Nichols. Rookie, Abdulwadood Mohamed scored his first career goal late in the second half to tie it up 2-2. Tyler Phillips played goalie for the first time in his career and showed Nichols how it was done! Tyler was in net the whole game and made several saves and with only allowed two shots in for Nichols.
The Baby Bison's would like to thank you for the support!!
Coach LeRoy
Coach White


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Shawn Wiseman - I Know You'll Never Be Mine MP3
Video of outport Newfoundland- A Love Story Shawn Wiseman, The Wiseman Brothers,
I Know (You'll Never Be Mine).DAT MP3
I Know (You'll Never Be Mine).DAT.
Christopher Cross Say You'll Be Mine & I Really Don't Know Anymore MP3
From his 1979 album Christopher Cross.
Pearl Jam - Black MP3
From Pearl Jam's debut album Ten, released 1991. Basic Lyrics Hey... oooh... Sheets of empty canvas, untouched sheets of clay Were laid spread out before me ...
Mariah Carey - Always Be My Baby MP3
Mariah Carey's official music video for 'Always Be My Baby'. Click to listen to Mariah Carey on Spotify: http://smarturl.it/MariahCareySpotify?IQid=MCareyABMB ...
Always Be My Baby
Mariah Carey(Do do doop) (Do do doop do doop da dum) (Do do doop dum) (Do do doop do doop da dum) (Do do doop) (Do do doop do doop da dum) (Do do doop dum) (Do do doop do doop da dum) We were as one, babe For a moment in time And it seemed everlasting That you would always be mine Now you want to be free So I'll let you fly 'Cause I [...]
Fetty Wap - Again LYRICS MP3
Pudgie Parsons - Now I know you'll never be mine MP3
c&w from 1962, West Virginia label. - Created with AquaSoft SlideShow for YouTube: http://www.aquasoft.net.
I Know You'll Be Mine MP3
Provided to YouTube by CDBaby I Know You'll Be Mine · Mark Robinson Quit Your Job - Play Guitar ℗ 2010 Mark Robinson Released on: 2010-07-09 ...
I Know You'll Be Mine MP3
Provided to YouTube by harmonia mundi I Know You'll Be Mine · Greg Zlap Air ℗ Free Soul Production under exclusive license to Le Chant du Monde Released ...
I Know You'll Never Be Mine MP3
Provided to YouTube by TuneCore I Know You'll Never Be Mine · Shawn Wiseman I Know You'll Never Be Mine ℗ 2015 Independent Released on: 2015-10-15 ...
Paulina Dousché - 02 I know You never will be mine MP3
Music and Lyrics by Paulina Dousché Paulina Dousché - vocal Vsevolod Pozdejev - piano Recital in Narva Music School 24 April 2012.
Philip George - Wish You Were Mine (Official Video) MP3
Single on iTunes US: http://smarturl.it/PhilipGeorgeUS Single on iTunes: http://smarturl.it/PhilipGeorge Remixes on iTunes: http://smarturl.it/philipgeorgermx First ...
Fetty Wap - Again (Official Video) + Lyrics & Download MP3
[Hook] I want you to be mine again, baby I know my lifestyle is driving you crazy I cannot see myself without you We call them fans though, girl you know how we ...
Les Baroques "I Know (That You'll Be Mine) MP3
The Rosebuds - "Say You'll Be Mine" - Tower #105 (1964) Girl Group - Northern Soul MP3
Yeah I know, this one has been posted several times already, but all the others sound like crap.) A pricey piece of wax for sure. Here's the review from the ...
Adele - One and only MP3
http://www.youtube.com/user/TNMthenewmusic Lyrics: You've been on my mind, I grow fonder every day, Lose myself in time, Just thinking of your face, God ...
Fetty Wap - Again [ Audio ] MP3
[Hook] I want you to be mine again, baby I know my lifestyle is driving you crazy I cannot see myself without you We call them fans though, girl you know how we ...
I won't mind.. Even though I know you'll never be mine.. MP3
song: Zayn Malik – I Won't Mind [Relta Remix] watch in HD & enjoy;) I own nothing but the editing :)
Arctic Monkeys - Do I Wanna Know? (Official Video) MP3
Arctic Monkeys - Do I Wanna Know? (Official Video) Subscribe for more Arctic Monkeys videos - http://www.youtube.com/ArcticMonkeys Do I Wanna Know?
Undertale - Know you'll always be inside my heart (A song for Toriel) MP3
This game will break your heart and you need to play it right now Download: ...
Fetty Wap "679" feat. Remy Boyz [Official Video] MP3
Debut Album - Available Now ▻iTunes: flyt.it/fettywap ▻Google Play flyt.it/fettywapgglply ▻Amazon Music flyt.it/FettyWapamazondlx -- The official Fetty Wap ...
Taylor Swift - You Belong With Me MP3
Music video by Taylor Swift performing You Belong With Me. (C) 2009 Big Machine Records, LLC #VEVOCertified on April 16, 2011.
You Belong With Me
Taylor SwiftYou're on the phone with your girlfriend, she's upset She's going off about something that you said 'Cause she doesn't get your humor Like I do I'm in my room, it's a typical Tuesday night I'm listenin' to the kind of music she doesn't like And she'll never know your story Like I do Bu[...]
She Will Be Mine - Wayne's World MP3
"She will be mine. Oh yes, she will be mine."
"Don't Mine At Night" - A Minecraft Parody of Katy Perry's Last Friday Night (Music Video) MP3
Download the song: http://bit.ly/Uj8X0T **Available everywhere Online Music is sold!** Wallpapers(1920x1080): New D/L Link http://imgur.com/a/MsAvN The ...
One and Only - Adele (Lyrics) MP3
One and Only by Adele on her album 21. I made one small mistake; at 1:18 it says "I'm worth it" instead of "I'm worthy." Sorry guys, but I'm pretty sure that was the ...
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Panic! At The Disco's official video for 'Emperor's New Clothes.' New album Death of a Bachelor available January 15, 2016 on DCD2 / Fueled By Ramen.
You'll never be mine MP3
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Maroon 5 - She Will Be Loved MP3
Music video by Maroon 5 performing She Will Be Loved. (C) 2004 OctoScope Music, LLC.
She Will Be Loved
Maroon 5Beauty queen of only eighteen She had some trouble with herself He was always there to help her She always belonged to someone else I drove for miles and miles And wound up at your door I've had you so many times But somehow, I want m[...]


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- For other uses of the word "daughter," see Daughter.
The Daughters of Silence was a group formed in the year 794 NE by two former Accepted who were put out of the White Tower. They gathered twenty-three wilders and organized, taught and trained them in the Power. When the Aes Sedai discovered them in the year 798 NE, they disbanded the group, enrolled the "students" in the Tower as novices and punished the two former Accepted who started the group.[1] The punishment was severe and public to make sure that the lesson was carried to everyone who might entertain the thought of channelers outside of the Tower banding together.[2][3]
Only one of the women enrolled as a novice ever became full Aes Sedai - Saerin Asnobar.[4]
- ↑ A Crown of Swords, Chapter 30
- ↑ Aes Sedai make the exception of the Kin since that group of non-Aes Sedai channelers helps locate and return runaways to the Tower.
- ↑ The Path of Daggers, Glossary
- ↑ The Path of Daggers, Chapter 26


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Pelican Inn
Box 2388 Wheatland, MO 65779
(417) 282-5937 / 888-494-9012
Sorry, No Pets
On Main Highway 254
2 Miles West Of Dam
One Hour North Of Springfield, Mo.
Two Hours South Of Kansas City, Mo.
Three Hours West Of St. Louis, Mo.
We are also located just 10 minutes from
a world class race track for both cars
and boats
Lucas Oil Speedway
Free WiFi


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Bismillahi Rahmani RahimSalaam Alaikum wa RahmatullahHmm, what do I think about the ban of the niqaab in France. Tempest in a teapot, that's what it is. It is Sarkozy and other politicians pandering to a xenophobic base of citizens in order to score points towards reelection. It is a distraction from the miserable economy. It is a reflection of what is going on here in the U.S. with the mosque controversies and various states trying to make Islamic law illegal. It … [Read more...]
The French Niqaab Ban
Burn the Qur'an or Burn an Opium Field?
Bismillahi Rahmani RahimSalaam Alaikum wa RahmatullahOn March 20, 2011, an ignorant little worm of a man burned a Qur'an. He's not the first and will probably not be the last. He claims to be a man of God but by his actions he showed his only leader is the devil, and whatever mad voices only he can hear that tell him what he is doing is good. But I'm not here to talk about him. He's had more than his fifteen minutes of fame. I'm here to talk about other people. … [Read more...]
The War at Home
Bismillahi Rahmani RahimSalaam Alaikum wa RahmatullahWeary and bleary-eyed from lack of sleep (thanks to a teething baby who likes to wake up at night and serenade me), I went through my usual morning routine. I turn on CNN. One of the first stories was about an Alabama hospital where patients had been infected by contaminated IV bags. Imagine you go in for some surgery, and it is successful, only to succumb to a bacteria in your glucose. At least nine patients have died … [Read more...]
Some Days are More Productive than Others
Today has been a pretty productive day, alhamdulillah. Cleaned the bathroom, scrubbed the dining room floor, and spent all my "spare time" (time when I'm not holding the baby) creating a new blog for my auction stuff and updating and joining online auction websites. So, that brings me up to three blogs now. I think I'm going to have writer's cramp, but I'll get over it. The new blog hopefully will help me get noticed on all the auction sites so I can make $$$. We've … [Read more...]
Is This Your Dhikr?
Bismillahi Rahmani RahimSalaam Alaikum wa RahmatullahWe all know the benefits of making dhikr, remembrance of Allah. It is the habit of many Muslims to say "alhamdulillah" (praise be to Allah), subhanAllah (glory be to Allah), and other phrases that come to us from the Qur'an and authentic Sunnah. Making dhikr is a way of remembering Allah, thanking Him, asking forgiveness from Him, glorifying Him, and showing that we are submissive to His will. It can be a beautiful spiritual … [Read more...]
Don't Let a Sexual Predator Have a Picture of Your Child
Yesterday, it was announced that law enforcement in several countries had broken up a child pornography ring that circled the globe. They arrested nearly two hundred men and saved over two hundred children from sexual slavery. This bust was the result of a three-year investigation and is a major coup for the good guys, but these arrests are, sadly, only a drop in the bucket. Millions of predators are still out there, and they want your child, too.I lived in Kansas City for … [Read more...]
After a Cranky Day, A Nice End – Thank You Wal-Mart Guy
Bismillahi Rahmani RahimSalaam Alaikum wa RahmatullahToday was one of those cranky days. I woke up after an up-and-down night with a fussy baby. A stuffy nose makes him wakeful. Actually, he doesn't need an excuse. He's just cranky by nature right now. Probably a growth spurt. I fumbled through the morning routine, getting kids off to school and hubby off the work, grumbling a bit to myself that I never get to take a morning off. Grumble, grumble. … [Read more...]
A Quiet Disaster, With Deaths Unremarked
Bismillahi Rahmani RahimSalaam Alaikum wa RahmatullahThe devastating earthquake and tsunami in Japan reminds us once again that our lives can change or end in an instant. This is a harsh reminder hard on the heels of disasters in New Zealand, Chile, and Haiti. Just in case you weren't listening the last few times, I suppose. In one way the Japan earthquake is different; there's a lot more film of the actual disaster, especially the tsunami that killed so many as it swept ashore … [Read more...]
Introducing My New Food-Centered Blog (Link inside blog post)
Bismillahi Rahmani RahimSalaam Alaikum wa RahmatullahHello to everyone! I would humbly like to promote my new blog, which I started yesterday over at Wordpress. I decided that I would dedicate a blog only to my love of cooking, sharing recipes and techniques. Otherwise it tends to get lost in among the other stuff I post. Not everyone wants to go from politics to pita bread and back on a weekly basis. Here is the link to my blog:Radical Islamic CuisineI want my blog to be … [Read more...]
Thank You Representative King for Promoting Islam. No, Seriously….
Bismillahi Rahmani RahimSalaam Alaikum wa RahmatullahI didn't watch the congressional hearings today on the radicalization of American Muslims. Being an American Muslim, I already know what the problems are and how they should be addressed. Chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee Peter King, channeling the late Senator Joseph McCarthy, was challenged on many fronts as he tried to keep the scope of the hearings narrow. He was not interested in hearing about radical … [Read more...]


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Stairway to the Heaven 2 - Stock Photos


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This hotel comprises a total of 347 rooms, including 50 suites, spread over 12 floors. An array of facilities are on offer in the air-conditioned hotel, such as a reception desk, Internet access and a spa and fitness area. Room and laundry services are available and those arriving by car may make use of the car park or garage facilities.
This resort is situated in the holiday resort of Fort Myers within a few minutes' drive of Sanibel Island and the nearest beach.
The tastefully furnished rooms feature an en suite bathroom with a hairdryer, a direct dial telephone, an Internet connection, a hire safe, a balcony and tea and coffee making facilities. The air conditioning and heating are both centrally regulated.
Leisure options include 6 swimming pools, 6 spa pools and a fully-equipped spa area. Sports enthusiasts are able to play tennis or to make use of the in-house gym. Children may participate in the supervised kids' club activities.
Guests may choose between 3 bars and 4 restaurants and a Dinner Cruise.
A complimentary shuttle bus service conveys guests to and from the beach and the various shops.
A complimentary shuttle bus service runs from the hotel to a variety of Sanibel Island's local attractions and shopping venues. Guests may also use the shuttle service to travel to and from the beach. There is a one-time charge of USD 28.00 for those wishing to use a rollaway bed. There is a resort fee at this resort payable locally.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
Internet access
Mini fridge
Tea Coffee
Iron and board
Double bed
King size bed
Central airconditioned
Central heating
Wheelchair accessible
Disabled bathroom


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Includes 19-speakers reference surround sound audio, 7.1-channel architecture, 450-watt amplifier rated at less than 0.1% Total Harmonic Distortion
Includes 2 11.6" screens and 2 wireless headphones
Includes Climate Comfort Seats (Includes heated and air conditioned front seats and rear outboard seats), Semi-Aniline Leather Seat Trim
Includes 275/50R21 All Season. Includes center cap
Includes black shimamoku wood and leather door trim and black shimamoku instrument panel
*The advertised price does not include sales tax, vehicle registration
fees, finance charges, documentation charges, and any other fees required by law.
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However, there can be lag time between the sale of a vehicle and the update of the
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will vary depending on how you drive and maintain your vehicle.
Before purchasing this vehicle, it is your responsibility to address any and all
differences between information on this website and the actual vehicle specifications
and/or any warranties offered prior to the sale of this vehicle. Vehicle data on
this website is compiled from publicly available sources believed by the publisher
to be reliable. Vehicle data is subject to change without notice. The publisher
assumes no responsibility for errors and/or omissions in this data the compilation
of this data and makes no representations express or implied to any actual or prospective
purchaser of the vehicle as to the condition of the vehicle, vehicle specifications,
ownership, vehicle history, equipment/accessories, price or warranties.
2017 Lexus Pembroke Pines, FL 2017 Lexus Ft Lauderdale, FL 2017 Lexus Miami, FL


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The Mizuno Core Dual Hybrid Women's Top is a great top to wear as a jersey, warm up top, or even just as outerwear. It is made with a stretch fabric that allows you to move in any given direction without any type of restriction. It is equipped with Mizuno's sweat management system. With this type of system, you will no longer need to be worried about the uncomfortableness that comes with sweating. The fabric is designed to wick sweat away from your body and then push it to the surface of the fabric where it can then evaporate at an incredibly rapid rate, allowing you to stay dry and comfortable at all times. The Mizuno Core Dual Hybrid Women's Top is REVERSIBLE! On one side it is a brighter, darker color, then on the other side it is a lighter shade of the reverse side with contrast stitching that matches the color on the opposite side. For example, the blue top has a dark blue on one side, then on the other a light blue with the darker blue contrast stitching. The Mizuno Runbird logo is located on both sides of the top to represent the quality of the Mizuno Core Dual Hybrid Women's Top. 97% Polyester; 3% Spandex
No size chart available for this product.


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World Sep 23, 2013
Militants kill 59, take hostages in Kenya mall
Gunmen stormed a popular, upscale shopping mall in Nairobi on Saturday afternoon, lobbing grenades and firing weapons in an attack that left at least 59 people dead and 175 injured.
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Gunmen stormed a popular, upscale shopping mall in Nairobi on Saturday afternoon, lobbing grenades and firing weapons in an attack that left at least 59 people dead and 175 injured.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe suggests he will re-examine the advisability of approving the second stage of the consumption tax hike to 10 percent in October 2015.
Hokkaido Railway says slow track repairs may have caused last week's cargo train derailment and finds 97 more cases of poor maintenance.
Ousted Chinese Communist Party heavyweight Bo Xilai gets life in prison for corruption, embezzlement and abuse of power as the fallen star's heavily publicized trial concludes.
Sri Lanka's main Tamil party easily wins landmark elections in the north, raising hopes the ethnic minority can rule itself after decades of war.
Crown Prince Naruhito and Crown Princess Masako take a day trip to Koriyama, Fukushima Prefecture, to visit people who lost their homes in March 2011 because of the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear crisis.
Japan and South Korea were in a festive mood over the weekend despite continuing tensions over history issues and territorial disputes. A two-day cultural exchange festival ended Sunday after participants at Hibiya Park in central Tokyo enjoyed a variety of performances by people from both ...
The survivors took their places onstage from memory, because by now they knew exactly where to go. The shooting victims in wheelchairs entered first, rolling into the front row, wearing bracelets engraved with the words "Aurora," "Oak Creek" or "Virginia Tech." Behind them stood ...
Fallen highflier Bo Xilai can expect hotel-style treatment at a jail for China's political elite, where he will enjoy comfortable surroundings but be constantly monitored by government agents, former prisoners say. Hidden in wooded hills north of Beijing, guards stand outside the red gate of ...
After killing two people in the Philippines and unleashing landslides in Taiwan, Typhoon Usagi barreled toward Hong Kong on Sunday, shutting down one of the world's busiest seaports and throwing flight schedules into disarray. On Saturday Usagi — which means rabbit in Japanese — was ...
Aaron Alexis had a gold Buddha in his room, a regular meditation practice and a gun with him "at all times," according to a friend. At one point, he aspired to be a monk. He wound up a killer. Of the many details that have emerged ...
A founding father of the modern computer, Alan Turing devised a machine that unraveled Nazi codes and aided the defeat of Adolf Hitler. Convicted of homosexuality after World War II and sentenced to chemical castration, Turing — an avid fan of the film "Snow ...
Mexico on Saturday looked to the Herculean task of rebuilding after a rare double onslaught of storms, with at least 170 people feared dead in the path of destruction. The death toll in the tragedy soared, with President Enrique Pena Nieto saying 68 people were ...
Syria's Islamist extremists are getting a fresh torrent of cash from Arab donors hoping for an uprising to erupt across the region.
In the first ruling of its kind, a Sendai court orders a kindergarten to pay compensation for the deaths of four children in a school bus engulfed by the March 11, 2011, tsunami.
The decision by the U.S. Fed to continue its bond-buying program surprised financial market players who had thought that the U.S. was on a path of gradual economic recovery.
American Republican and Democratic politicians have one thing in common: They hardly mention the poor.
Already, the so-called emerging markets have been badly hit by the rumors of the U.S. Fed tapering $85 billion a month in asset purchases.
Even a 入門者 (nyūmonsha, entry-level learner) of Japanese can use a personal computer to his or her advantage, as a supplementary learning tool.
A few weeks ago, a Kickstarter project was posted on the Internet featuring two young men who went by the names of Pacman and Peso.
Women's world champion Nadeshiko Japan eased to a 2-0 win over Nigeria on Sunday night in the first of two home friendlies against the Africans. Yuki Ogimi opened the scoring late in the first half and Nahomi Kawasumi added the second to wrap up the ...
Yokozuna Hakuho nearly slipped up but regained his balance, wore down his opponent and maintained his perfect record on the eighth day of the Autumn Grand Sumo Tournament on Sunday. Before another full house at Ryogoku Kokugikan, the popular Mongolian didn't disappoint although an early ...
Japan striker Yoichiro Kakitani scored a late equalizer to rescue a point for Cerezo Osaka in a 1-1 draw at home to Kashiwa Reysol on Sunday. Masato Kudo's first-half strike looked set to give Reysol maximum points and cap a memorable week after they reached ...
Fresh from winning her 11th consecutive 55-kg title at the world wrestling championships in Budapest, Olympic champion Saori Yoshida reiterated her determination to keep on competing until the 2020 Tokyo Olympics after arriving back in Japan on Sunday. The 29-year-old Yoshida comfortably defeated Sofia Mattson ...
Wladimir Balentien has hit more home runs than any NPB player has ever hit in a single season and through Sunday had 13 games left to add to his record total which stood at 58. As if Balentien's year wasn't already impressive enough, the Tokyo ...