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Actions Speak Louder than Words: Leading Sustainable Tourism into the Future
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1 Actions Speak Louder than Words: Leading Sustainable Tourism into the Future Anne-Kathrin Zschiegner PhD Student, Centre for Sport, Leisure and Tourism Research, University of Exeter Business School. Rennes Drive, Exeter, Devon. EX4 4PU United Kingdom INTRODUCTION: ONE FOR ALL BUT NOT ALL FOR ONE? If there s one thing we re not short of in the area of sustainable tourism, then perhaps it s ideas. Since the term sustainable development entered the lexicon of managers and policy-makers in the United Kingdom, we have been awash with ideas, initiatives, projects and programmes. From green tourism to wise growth or low carbon to slow tourism, we have been looking at new ways to encourage visitors and businesses to act in more responsible ways now with a view to the future. Each idea represents an innovation to one degree or another, and it is fair to observe that sustainable tourism management is much more advanced than it was ten or perhaps even five years ago. Climate change is highly visible in the popular media and industry publications. Environment in its various guises is central to the tourism experience, so it is hardly surprising that an increasing number of businesses, organisations and destinations have shown a greater interest in embedding the 1
2 principles and practices of sustainable development into their operations. One aim of current government policy nationally has been to widen as well as deepen sustainable practices. Wedge Theory suggests that, taken together, even modest incremental improvements from many sources will deliver significant cumulative change as the Stern (2006) Report makes clear. This raises interesting questions such as what does it mean to act in a sustainable manner; how many businesses act like this; and for what reasons? Conversely, how many do not; why do they not; and how might their thinking be converted or their actions transformed? LEADERSHIP AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM There is no doubting that these are questions that policy-makers, practitioners and consultants have tried to tackle (e.g. DCMS 2006, 2007; SWCCIP 2007a, 2007b; SWT and SWRDA 2005; Sustainable Development Strategy UK 2005). Best practice manuals, case-studies, guidance notes and the like encourage those in the tourism sector to enact sustainable development (e.g., SWCCIP, 2008; Visit Britain, 2008). From an academic standpoint, these make valuable contributions, but the further application of theory and concept may enhance our understanding of the problems as well as the possible solutions. For instance, the way in which leadership functions in organizations should offer some additional clues. In my PhD studies at the University of Exeter Business School, I am examining the role of leadership styles in progressing the management of sustainable tourism. Leadership has become a popular idea in Business Schools in recent times, albeit nowhere near as popular as sustainable development. Often leadership and management are (mistakenly) used synonymously but there are important and subtle differences. Management is about optimising the outputs and outcomes from an organisation (or sector), and it comprises several functions including direction. Leadership is a vital aspect of direction and it concerns how managers act to inspire action and deliver change. LEADERSHIP IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM Leadership has not featured prominently in analysis of sustainable tourism but it is certainly important. Tim Smit is routinely identified as luminary through his inspirational 2
3 and ground-breaking work at Eden. Transformational Leaders, like Smit, motivate and encourage by raising their followers level of awareness about the importance of particular outcomes, and by transforming followers personal values to support the collective vision for an organization (Jung & Avolio 2000: 949). They often act as the innovators or early adaptors as they philosophically believe in the need for change. Transitional Leadership is style based on an exchange process concerning the fulfilment of obligations. Followers are rewarded for their performance, and leaders are not actively involved in their work unless mistakes or problems attract attention. Laissezfaire Leadership is sometimes termed non-leadership in the sense that leaders chose to avoid making decisions or taking actions. Hence it is the most ineffective and passive form of leadership (e.g. Tejeda 2001; Antonakis et al 2003) These forms of leadership are revealed through the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) (Bass 1985; Bass and Avolio 1990; Bass and Avolio 1995). Although by no means a perfect tool (cf. Tepper and Percy 1994; Yukl 1999; Gillet and Morda 2003), the MLQ nevertheless allows us to identify and categorise approaches to leadership while also connecting to other forms of business behaviour such as, in this case, recycling, energy saving, water saving and networking. As with much quantitative research, the measures are usefully calibrated and more deeply understood through follow-up qualitative research to explore motivations, attitudes, opinions and feelings. I am currently in the second year (of three) of my studies, and I have recently completed an extensive questionnaire survey (n=193) and semi-structured interview (n=18) with senior managers and owners of accommodation providers in Torbay (i.e. Brixham, Paignton, Torquay) on leadership and sustainable tourism. Torbay was selected due to its size as well as the long-standing reputation of the area for commitment to sustainable tourism. The Green Tourism Business Scheme accredits a significant number of businesses in South Devon. The detailed analysis of my data is currently being conducted at the time of writing (March 2009), but some important issues are beginning to emerge from my research, not least in the types of leadership driving change. MOVING FORWARD INTO THE FUTURE It is clear that many who believe in the principles of sustainable development (i.e. the transformational leaders) have already changed their practices, and in some cases they 3
4 are acting as key champions and advocates as policy-makers and trade bodies would hope. A great many businesses have more critical, even sceptical views of leading change and have to be convinced almost objectively as to its merits (i.e. the transactional leaders). Among them, many have noted that it makes good business sense to alter their practices to one degree of another, and they have enacted change; conversely, for others the case has not (yet) been made. And there are some business people who will simply not budge (i.e. the laissez-faire leaders). No matter what pleas are made to their better judgements, they are (currently) just not interested in changing or they are not able to. Where does this leave us moving forward? Perhaps somewhat obviously, we are far better placed than we were five years ago but arguably with no room for complacency if my research is more widely representative. Easy wins have been made, and the key appears to be persuasion and tailoring messages to different constituencies. Mainstreaming however well-intentioned - is simply not going to encourage greater uptake among the many businesses that have not so far moved. Legislation may offer one possible solution (to leverage the laissez-faire business people) but legislation frequently antagonises, rather than encourages, small- and medium-sized enterprises. Indeed, the future development of sustainable tourism is finely poised. Tourist boards should continue to be notable catalysts. They have the ability to marshal resources and to tailor advice, guidance and support among different types of businesses at a regional level (i.e. where it s most meaningful). Despite this, many boards have seen their roles if not also their funding significantly contract. Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) may, and indeed should, pick up responsibility for sustainable tourism but simple expediency at the local level may frustrate this: for many, enhancing the tourist experience and destination marketing may be more obvious priorities than medium- to long-term trajectories. And where do universities fit into all this? As this presentation has shown, through more correctly diagnosing the problem and looking for the solution. The key appears to be convert laissez-faire leaders into transactional leaders, and to continue to convince more transactional leaders to act on the benefits of sustainable practices. If the case is not updated there is also the distinct possibility that behaviour may lapse. Current 4
5 conversion rates among transactional leaders are based on the data as they stand now. Understanding will move on. We need to make the science more straightforward and the business case more compelling. Instead of general persuasion based on soft science as we have had till now, more detailed analysis of issues like resource use (i.e. energy and utilities bills), building construction and design, and climate change adaptation are going to be required which higher education is best placed to deliver. Clearly, talk is cheap and action usually costs, but considerable funding exists within higher education now to address these and other issues in the tourism sector. REFERENCES Antonakis, J., Avolio, B.J. and Sivasubramaniam, N. (2003) Context and leadership: an examination of the nine-factor full-range leadership theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, The Leadership Quarterly 14: Bass, B. & Avolio, B. (1995) MLQ Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden. Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B. J. (1990) Transformational Leadership Development: Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press. Bass, B. (1985) Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations. New York, NY: Free Press. Department of Culture, Media and Sport (2006) Sustainable Development Action Plan Online document. Available from: [Last accessed: ] Department of Culture, Media and Sport (2006), Sustainable Development Action Plan Online document. Available from: [Last accessed: ] Gillet, S. R. and Morda, R. (2003) Effective leadership in tourism and hospitality organisations in the 21 st century, in: Kuslavan, S. (ed.), Managing Employee Attitudes and Behaviours in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. London: Nova Publications. 5
6 Jung, D. & Avolio, B. (2000) Opening the black box: an experimental investigation of the mediating effects of trust and value congruence on transformational and transactional leadership, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21: South West Climate Change Impacts Partnership (SWCCIP) (2007a) Climate change and tourism in the South West of England. Online document. Available from: [Last accessed: ] South West Climate Change Impacts Partnership (SWCCIP) (2007b) Climate change and your tourism business - what can you do to adapt? Online document. Available from: pdf [Last accessed: ] South West Climate Change Impacts Partnership (SWCCIP) (2008) Tourism Sector. Online document. Available from: [Last accessed: ] South West Tourism and SWRDA (2005) Towards 2015 Shaping Tomorrow s Tourism. Online document. Available from: [Last accessed: ] Sustainable Development Strategy UK (2005) Securing the Future. Online document. Available from: [Last accessed: ] Tepper, B.J. and Percy, P.M. (1994), Structural Validity of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54(3): Tejeda, M.J., Scandura, T.A. and Pillai, R. (2001) The MLQ revisited Psychometric properties and recommendations, The Leadership Quarterly, 12: Visit Britain (2008) Green Start. Online document. Available from: [Last accessed: ] Yukl, G. (1999) An Evaluation of Conceptual Weaknesses in Transformational and Charismatic Leadership Theories, The Leadership Quarterly 10(2):
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text: I received my PhD from the Imperial College Astro Group in December 2014 and currently work as a Research Associate with Prof. Steve Warren. We developed a new method that classifies brown dwarfs to an accuracy comparable with spectroscopy, using photometric data alone (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015A%26A...574A..78S). We also compiled the largest sample of L and T dwarfs with accurate classifications to date (Skrzypek, N. et al., submitted to A&A) and are now working on modifying our method to use in other surveys.

subset: commoncrawl


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- January 02, 2013
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To do a cookery or baking course either you should have a diploma or degree in the related field or a valid experience in the same field otherwise you can go for a diploma course giving a proper explaination for the reasons for the change in field. The visa will be looked on a case to case basis. you can look at mauritius or Singapore as your options.
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Sasidharan Nambiar
- January 03, 2013
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Related terms for "car industry wastewater treatment ":
wastewater treatment companies
, car industry wastewater companies
EnviroChemie is a leading plant engineering company for industrial water treatment, water circulation and wastewater treatment, with headquarters in the Frankfurt region, Germany. Our engineers and scientists consult on, plan, build, and maintain water treatment plants that are tailored to the respective customer requirements. Plant solutions for water recycling, resource ...
based in Rossdorf bei Darmstadt, GERMANY.
Greyline is a worldwide leader in ultrasonic instrumentation for industrial and environmental markets. We develop, manufacture and market industrial flow and level monitoring instruments including ultrasonic level transmitters, flow meters and open channel flow meters. Greyline's primary market is environmental - especially water and wastewater treatment systems. ...
based in Long Sault, ONTARIO (CANADA).
Clearmake is an Australian owned Noosaville based company, that manufactures and markets environmental and waste water treatment equipment for a broad range of Trade Waste and Run off applications in Australia and overseas. Focused on the large spectrum between drinking water and sewage treatment, the company mission is to provide solutions to all types of waste water, ...
based in Noosaville, AUSTRALIA.
BioKube is Biological cleaning of Wastewater. The BioKube Biological Wastewater Treatment System is designed for biological treatment of household (domestic) sewage water. We clean `grey water` water coming from the kitchen and bath and we also in the same system clean `black water` coming from the toilet. The system is designed to be connected to an existing septic tank ...
based in Tappernøje, DENMARK.
Miranda is an engineering, consultancy, manufacturing and R&D company focused in the treatment of water, wastewater and reuse of treated water. We are established to offer solutions to the growing water management needs of our country and the world struggling with the management of depleting water resources caused by global warming. In 2012, to further strengthen it's ...
based in Ankara, TURKEY.
JBI Water & Wastewater is a representative of the leading manufacturers specializing in water and wastewater treatment equipment and processes for the municipal and industrial markets.Since 1981, JBI has been a leading representative for municipal water and wastewater equipment. Our coverage area began in California/Nevada and has grown to include Washington, Oregon and ...
based in El Dorado Hills, CALIFORNIA (USA).
Environmental Treatment Technologies, Inc. (ETT) serves the equipment needs of the water and wastewater industry in Texas and Oklahoma. We represent top tier manufacturers of system engineered water and wastewater process equipment to ensure that our customers received high quality solutions with the support they need.
based in TEXAS (USA).
Saint Dizier Environnement Design, manufacture, marketing and selling of wastewater and rainwater pretreatment and treatment products and solutions. For underground and open surface car parks, car washes, petrol stations, urban and industrial environments.
based in Boulogne-Billancourt, FRANCE.
Manufacture of heavy metal precipitation and stabilization chemicals including carbamates (DTC), trithiocarbonates, patented slurries and gels of iron sulfides (Insolmet), and other heavy metal reducing agents. We service the following markets: Electroplating, General Metal Finishing, Circuit Board Mfg, HAZ Waste Remediation / Stabilization, Heavy Industry Flue Gas ...
based in Greenville, SOUTH CAROLINA (USA).
Aqua Clear Water Treatment Specialists has over 20 years as a full service provider and manufacturer of reverse osmosis systems and water treatment equipment. We specialize in providing customer specific water treatment programs, as well as custom built water purification systems for commercial, institutional, and industrial clients. Our products and services are proven ...
based in San Diego, CALIFORNIA (USA).
Kingspan Environmental is a company with an international reputation specialising in fuel and energy storage, wastewater management, solar thermal, wind energy and hot water energy storage. We also offer Monitoring and Service packages for all the products we supply, powering homes and businesses around the world. Through continued investment in research and development ...
based in Co. Armagh, NORTHERN IRELAND.
HGI Industries' has created cutting edge ultra violet hydroxyl generating technology which has been at the forefront of high volume odor processing, air-decontamination and air-purification for the past decade. HGI's patented technology is the world's ONLY scientifically proven non-contained Hydroxyl Generator. This non-chemical device provides an environmentally safe ...
based in Boynton Beach, FLORIDA (USA).
Industrial Apparatus Consultants Ltd is a small commercial organisation that is now over forty years old, offering a specialised range of products and services. From its historical base in electrical products and surge protection it has opened out into a broader environmental mix of products, from SF6 gas handling equipment for the high voltage electrical industry (this ...
based in London, UNITED KINGDOM.
As a production-technology-trade combined economic entity set up in 1983 with the ratification by the government, China National Materials Industry Import & Export Corporation(Group) (SINOMA) is a nationwide and large non-metallic minerals industrial enterprise group. Since 1987, it has carried out its individual plan within state plan, and in 1988 was given the right to ...
based in Shenzhen, CHINA.
Cromer Industries was established by Al Gorrie in 1983. Since that time, Cromer has been recognized as a leading professional agency for quality tools and equipment. Our company is built on the principles of making quality products and providing reliable service. Our diversified product range continues to grow by following trends, improving our standard products, ...
based in Pickering, ONTARIO (CANADA).
Harrington Industrial Plastics is the nation's largest distributor of industrial plastic piping. With 45 locations in the continental U.S., Hawaii and Guam, Harrington is a trusted leader in offering versatile products to meet the needs of a multitude of industrial and high purity applications.
based in Chino, CALIFORNIA (USA).
Industrial Environmental Monitoring Instruments Inc. provides rental instruments, new and used sale instruments, equipment service and supplies for the industrial hygiene and environmental monitoring industries. Our focus is to provide the tools our customers need to provide their clients with a timely, cost effective, quality solution for a wide range of environmental ...
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Idrodepurazione S.r.l. extols more than twenty-year long experience in civil and assimilable wastewater treatment, in the treatment and recycling of the organic matter present in the agro-food industry outflow. Specifically, Idrodepurazione has developed several standard lines of prefabricated plants, all realized with the most leading production systems, for ...
based in Seregno, ITALY.
Conversion of Organic waste into Power. Conversion of ICI waste to Power. Conversion of collected gas in wastewater stream to power. Collection and conversion of Landfill gas to power. Conversion of liquid waste from brewery to ethanol. Water Treatment and purification on drinking quality at low alkaline. Non-chemical water filtration and treatment on Cooling towers. Wash ...
based in Mississauga, ONTARIO (CANADA).
We are your online source for Package Wastewater Treatment Systems and Equipment Wastewater Depot - A division of Tipton Environmental. Manufacturer of package wastewater treatment systems. Also a leading supplier of component parts for wastewater plants. These parts include blowers, monitoring equipment and air diffusers.
based in Batavia, OHIO (USA).
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A class on art, activism, and social justice during the Harlem Renaissance, taught by English professor Monica Miller, examined formal and informal theatre.
The classroom takes root in Harlem for an innovative new program. Click on the buildings in this interactive map to explore the neighborhood and the Harlem Semester program.
Karen Fairbanks, the Ann Whitney Olin Professor of Professional Practice in Architecture and chair of the architecture department was awarded the 2015 Educator Award from the New York State chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the leading professional membership organization for architects.
Barnard College's new on-campus center will lead the way to continued excellence in teaching and learning.
The new LeFrak Center will provide temporary homes for the library and several academic departments.
Meredith Wisner is our new Art & Architecture Librarian


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WIN! A Silentnight Comfort Control Electric Blanket
With winter now just over the horizon, it is time to start preparing for the cold weather to return. As gas prices are steadily rising however, it is getting more expensive for people to heat their homes during autumn and winter.
Fear not however, as this month, in collaboration with The Bedding Company, we are giving away one Silentnight Comfort Control Electric Blanket worth £60.
To be used under the duvet of your bed, this fabulous blanket has three different heat settings, as well as overheat protection technology and beautiful fleece fabric to ensure you are as comfortable as possible.
Electric blankets are great not only because they are exquisitely luxurious, but they can also help save you money on your bills. Instead of turning your heating on to warm up your room before you go to bed, you can instead turn the blanket on for a period of one hour.
In fact, according to an experiment carried out by Which.co.uk, using the most energy efficient blanket for two hours a day, every day for six months only cost £2.19 for the period. In addition to this, the least efficient blanket still cost a mere £5.93.
For your chance to win just fill in the form below.
Terms & Conditions
- Closing date is 17th November 2013.
- Competition is open to UK residents only.
- For standard EMP Competition terms and conditions click here
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text:
1799Re: [pfaf] Re: Perennial Kale
Expand Messages
- Jul 26 10:06 AMCan you inform me where can I get Veratrum album dry planrt?
Thank you
----- Original Message -----
From: sandermathias
To: email@example.com
Sent: Thursday, July 26, 2007 9:52 AM
Subject: [pfaf] Re: Perennial Kale
Hello Stephen,
thanks very much for your valuable information. I shall try and get
some of those plants here in the UK. Do you know of any retailer who
is likely to sell them?
--- In email@example.com, Stephe <stephenb@...> wrote:
> One of the oldest plants in my garden here near Trondheim in Norway
at 63.5N
> is a Sea Kale (Crambe maritima) (bought as so-called "thongs" or
> cuttings from the UK probably around 1982-83), so this plant is
some 23
> years old now! I protect in the winter using spruce branches, but I
> another plant that lasted 10-years without protection, so I don't
think it
> is necessary (just a precaution). I also now have another cultivar
> White. There was another cultivar offered in the UK
magazine "Kitchen
> Gardener" - anybody know the name of that one?
> I am also growing the 9-star brocolli for the first time here - but
> overwintering in a cold cellar as I suspect it's not hardy enough
> hardy kales do not often survive the winter here - Sea Kale is more
hardy in
> my experience).
> I also tried Couve Tronchuda (Portuguese or Sea-Kale Cabbage) but
it didn't
> germinate (is this perennial?)
> Has anyone tried Crambe tatarica (Tatar Bread Plant)? Again the
seed I had
> didn't germinate.
> I will also try Crambe orientalis next year as I've just received
> Stephen
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
- << Previous post in topic


text:
Added to Cart
L'Oreal Hydrafresh All Day Hydration Milky Lotion (125ml/4.2oz)
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L'Oreal Hydrafresh All Day Hydration Milky Lotion (125ml/4.2oz)
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- A refreshing & intensely hydrating face lotion
- With a lightweight milky texture that penetrates quickly into skin
- Formulated with mineral-rich French Vosges Spa Water to stimulate cell vitality
- Consolidates the moisture barrier of skin for long-lasting hydration
- Skin appears suppler, sleeker, fresher, more elastic & luminous
- To use: Apply day & night to cleansed face & neck
Due to the nature of this product, we are unable to accept a return under the terms of our Returns Policy for 'change of mind' purposes or sizing errors.
Returns for these products will only be accepted where the goods are deemed faulty under the terms of our Warranty Terms & Conditions .
This Product is offered and supplied by Kogan HK Limited pursuant to the Terms and Conditions.


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I've written previously about how we are now daily baby wearers at Make, Do and Push! HQ; with Indy/H-Bear being a reflux, super-glue baby (he's been promoted from velcro to super-glue), wearing him has become a necessity to be able to get on with life with a baby and a three year old in tow!
We were sent the fantastic Pao Papoose Baby Carrier from We Made Me back in November. I was staying with my Mum in Sussex at the time for two weeks – just me and the children – and needed a carrier that I could use for all of our exciting adventures. [Read more…]


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