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Brighten Your Skin with a Natural Gram Flour Facial Mask
What is Gram Flour?
Gram flour, or chickpea flour, has long been used across India and Southeast Asia as both an exfoliant and a homemade beauty treatment to lighten and brighten skin. Brides were traditionally treated to a sesame oil massage followed by a body scrub made from gram flour, rice flour, almonds, milk, and turmeric as part of their wedding-day rituals.
There are a number of skin brightening recipes that can be easily prepared at home. My daughters and I have tried some of these and loved them, particularly the gram flour skin-lightening cream! If you're looking for some easy, DIY methods to lighten your skin, then check out the recipes below.
Gram Flour Skin-Lightening Cream
This soft, creamy face mask uses gram flour and milk cream. It's suitable for people with naturally dry skin as it helps to moisturise and keep the skin hydrated.
You will need:
- 1 tablespoon of gram flour
- 1 tablespoon of milk cream
- 1/2 teaspoon of honey
- A few drops of freshly squeezed lemon juice (just 2-3 drops is enough)
Mix all the ingredients together to form a paste and apply it evenly over your face. The mask will dry naturally and you can wash it off with lukewarm water after about 20 minutes. Try this face mask daily for 3-4 weeks and then maybe once a week after that. You can apply a little moisturiser or sunblock after you wash it off.
Helpful Hints:
- Unfortunately, this mixture can't be stored.
- You should also make sure to keep it away from your eyes as it can cause irritation.
- If you don't have any milk cream, you can substitute olive oil.
Alternative Recipe for Gram Flour Skin-Lightening Cream
You can also make a simple body cream by leaving out the honey and lemon juice. Mix some gram flour with cream and apply it all over your body. You can wash it off under the shower after five minutes, leaving your skin feeling soft and smooth all over.
Gram Flour and Almond Skin-Whitening Mask
This face mask with almonds and gram flour is great for removing a tan and lightening the skin colour. It will also cleanse and tighten your skin.
You will need:
- 4-6 almonds
- 2 teaspoons gram flour
- 3 drops freshly squeezed lemon juice
- I teaspoon of milk
Soak the almonds overnight and peel the skins off before grinding. Mix the ground almonds with the gram flour and other ingredients to make a smooth paste which you can spread over your face. Leave it on for 15-20 minutes to allow the ingredients to bleach the skin and then gently wash it off, scrubbing lightly.
Gram Flour and Turmeric Acne Cream
This face mask does a fantastic job of minimizing and even eliminating acne scars. Adding turmeric to this gram flour face mask is good for acne-prone skin and can help to lighten any acne scars. It can also be applied all over the body to remove dark spots caused by the sun and will leave your skin feeling brighter.
You will need:
- 2 tablespoons gram flour
- 2 tablespoons of milk (fresh milk, not cream)
- 1/4 teaspoon of turmeric powder
Mix the ingredients well until you have a fine paste and apply to face and neck. Leave the paste on for 20-30 minutes before washing off with lukewarm water.
How does turmeric lighten skin?
Turmeric has been found to inhibit the enzymes that are responsible for producing melanin (dark pigment) in skin cells. It is also an anti-oxidant and helps to protect your skin against environmental toxins.
Skin-Lightening Cream: Gram Flour, Cucumber, and Potato Skin
This recipe uses gram flour in an interesting combination with cucumber, potato, and citrus juices! The juices from the potato and cucumber are natural astringents that are known to lighten facial skin. Cucumber is especially effective for removing those dark circles under the eyes.
It's easiest to mix these ingredients with a blender or food processor. That way you can get a smooth paste.
You will need:
- 4 tablespoons of gram flour
- 2 slices of cucumber with the skin on
- Juice of 2 lemons
- Juice of one orange (or lime)
Blend all ingredients into a thick paste. Apply just one tablespoon of the mixture to your face and let it dry for 5-10 minutes before washing off. You can also leave this on as a mask overnight for better results. Be careful not to get it in your eyes as the citric acid can burn.
If you want to preserve this mixture you can add sugar and salt to the ingredients in the food blender.
Quick Mask for Acne Break-Out
If you want to help clear up a break-out of pimples try adding 2 tablespoons of cucumber juice to one tablespoon of gram flour. Spread this cool mixture over a cleansed face and leave for 10-15 minutes before rinsing it off, gently rubbing with your fingers.
Gram Flour and Orange Skin-Brightening Mask
This recipe involves a little preparation as you need to dry the orange peels in the sun and grind them up first.
You will need:
- Orange peel from one orange (dried and ground)
- 2 tablespoons of gram flour
- Milk cream (enough to make a thick paste)
Apply this mask to the face and neck and leave it on until it dries. Rinse the mask off with lukewarm water for smooth and fairer skin.
If you don't have any gram flour you can also make this mask with just orange rind and milk. Just add a little milk to the ground orange rinds to create a smooth paste and apply this to the face and neck.
More Natural Skin-Lightening Ingredients
Here is a list of other natural skin-lightening ingredients that can be used to treat dark spots, acne scars, freckles or uneven skin tone.
Papaya - Unripe papaya has high levels of papain, an enzyme that helps to remove dead skin cells and lighten the skin. It has long been used to heal wounds and other ailments like acne and dry skin. Papaya also nourishes the skin with nutrients like vitamins A, C, and E and contains anti-inflammatory properties that help to smooth the skin and make it more radiant. If you have very sensitive skin, you can also use ripe papaya which has all the same benefits but less papain.
Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) - Clinical studies have shown that niacinamide (or niacin) preserves natural enzymes that are important for cell renewal and growth. It protects the skin from toxins and is effective in reducing hyperpigmentation, rosacea, and acne.
Licorice Extract - Licorice extract comes from the root of the liquorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra). It contains glabridin which has been found to inhibit the production of melanin (dark skin pigment) when applied topically and is an effective treatment for hyperpigmentation.
Tomatoes - Tomatoes have natural acids that exfoliate and help to lighten the skin. They are packed with a number of useful vitamins too, including vitamins B1, B3, B6 and C.
Emblica Extract (Indian gooseberry) - Emblica extract is a powerful antioxidant that can protect your skin from free radicals and toxins. It's gentle on the skin and has long been used as a skin care product in Southeast Asia. Emblica contains effective skin-lightening properties that can be used to treat hyperpigmentation and age spots.
Mulberry Extract - This extract is very powerful skin-lightener and is an all-natural substitute for hydroquinone, the active ingredient in most skin-lightening products. The mulberry extract works by inhibiting the production of tyronsinase, the enzyme responsible for producing melanin.
Bearberry Extract - contains arbutin which is also known to suppress the action of the tyrosinase enzyme.
There are a range of "all natural" skin-lightening creams on the market today, like Meladerm by Civant, that utilise a number of these known skin lighteners. So if you can't be bothered mixing up your own recipes, look for a skin-lightening cream that contains a mixture of natural ingredients, like those listed above.
Be wary of skin-lightening products that contain hydroquinone or mercury as these ingredients are not, generally, considered to be safe.
Can I ask pls. Answer
the gram flour
turmeric powder
I use that every or what.?
Can i use gram flour turmeric and milk for acne prone skin? I have a lot of scars and my skin is oily. Pls advise. Thanks
Ive tried the gram flour,turmeric,milk pack..though I put equal amounts of turmeric and flour...it's a wonderful face mask n gives instant results..better than any commercial stuff...rest all is new..will try them out..thanx for the info...
Will these recipes work on African-American skin? Thank you.
Please can I mix tumeric, gram flour, almond oil and lime for skin lightening?
I have tried gram flour ,turmeric,yogurt mixture.it is a wonderful face mask that give me quick result.it also a very good pack for sun tan removal.thanku madam. It is a great advice.
I hav a Black marks on face pl advice
Hi, Nice article. Is this the same turmeric we put to cook curries or is there a separate type of turmeric for cosmetic? Keep on writing!
I hve started to use turmeric powder with gram flour and green gram flour mask but as soon I wash my face there is lot itching with redness pls advice
May I know how to remove these black heads on nose especially??
Does any registration needed for packing green gram flour for selling in market.
I had use un named beauty cream after a week.
I got lot of ance and black mark on face. Please give any advice what to use for mark.
Thankyou for advice! Can I know for how mins should I keep lemon juice on my face & plz say me somethings more about home remedy tips to use for dark mark.
Thank you! I'll try it.
I really like the innovation.but what products of cream can I be using constantly for a fair skill, I advise me thanks
I am harshi if i use milk and besan it will make my neck fair or not ??
Hi, Can you please tell me how to make gram flour at home? soaking some chickpeas overnight and grinding them next day will do the work? Tnx
Thank you.. i didn't know sorry..im from srilanka and wanted to know if i can make it that way..thanks :-)
And i also wanted to know if this whitening method works that way too. The way that soaking chickpea over night and making a paste with this and other ingredients :-) thanks
i want to white skin...plz help..
If i use methi paste with curd n gramflour instead of turmeric,, will that help in skin whitening??
Ok.. Thank you :)
hi what is the alternative for gram flour as it is hard to find in our country..thanks
I'm using gram flour with rose water as a daily twice basic on my face. Is that ok to use daily??
Hi , I have lot of pigmentation on my face & my skin is compination skin.is there anything I can do?? I'm using gram flour with rosewater but look like I have little discolouration on my cheek so what should I do for that??? Help me pls.
hi, im using gram flour and lemon mixed face pack since few days, will it work best to get a fair skin? And usually my skin is little bit dry so please tell me can i use fresh aloe gel after using this pack as a natural moisterizer?
Hii...i am using besan milk n lime juice since some months i want to get fair skin tone fast then what can besan make more effectitve for get whiter skin plz suggest me soon...thanks.
Thanks but my skin is oily and i cannot get milk cream then can i use olive oil....will olive oil suit for oily skin and can i mix olive oil with honey in that besan whitening face pack...thanks in advance.
Can I use green gram flour instead of gram flour in above combination
I've been looking for gram flour or chickpea flour for days now but i really can't find it in any store here in the philippines. Is there any substitute that i can use?
Is the gram flour , turmeric powder and milk paste is effective than gram flour, lemon juice and milk?
Thankz... Plz say that for how many days I need to apply the gram flour, lemon juice and milk paste to get the effective result. If this mixture make me to look fair and bright?
i am having dry skin. Which of this would help to moisture my face. I can't use lime juice, it's make itching on my skin.. Pls pls help me.
I heard vinegar is good for dark areas on skin .can I use vinegar mixed with besan for bringing back theskin tone on the body?
before n after applying turmeric n gram flour facial shuld we wash our face
wit face wash
Hie where can I buy gram flour?
Hi is it skin lighting pills r safe
Hi Angie
hope ur doing well
can i use kojic cream for acne scars? how safe it would be for skin
Can the turmeric face mask get rid of the black spots on your face? If not, what should I do?
Hai..i have oily skin and pimbles,acenes too....for my skin which pack is more suitable.......gram flour,rose water or gram flour,tumeric
Thank you....
Can i use wildturmeric...
Thanks Angie for your explaination
Can I use gram flour..honey..rosewater..and lemon 4 whiten skin?!..and I using it daily so how many weeks it takes 4 best results mam!!
So for skin whitening may use gram flour...milk..and lemon..hence honey!!
For u expected 3-4 weeks will I have any change on color my skin!!!
Mam tell..wat have to do change my skin tone..
Tis remedy which I had may work..?!
Mam can I using milk for almonds..could it be whiten my skin!
Gram flour..milk..lemon and turmeric!
Gram flour..milk..turmeric and lemon. .
Can whiten my skin??
Hence it has been 2weeks I used it!
hence no change on my face..
How many days it took to whiten my face!!!
No mam...my skin had color face but..iam sun tanned!
So I have to get my color back tats y!!
Results may be comes good im 4 weeks..
heloow i have mild acne what should i have to use to get rid of acne and can i try daily lemon besan and milk mask for acne thank u
I used gram flour 3weeks but no change on my skin!!
Will gram flour, milk. Almonds can whiten my face..
Times 2 takes 4 results..
I used it almost 1 month bt no change till now..
Im jus tanned I would like 2 recover it..
Any comments 4 tis
Hi..can I use gram flour with papaya for improving my skin tone..
Hi...l have acne and scars! What can i use.?i allergy with tumeric
Hai....hai can i replace the milk cream with yogurt or just milk as my skin is a combination one,will that mixture gives a better result??
I have heard of using rice flour to get a beautiful complexion but I am not sure if I ever heard about gram flour. Very informative. Thanks for sharing! Pinned.
i have been using natural products since last year and now I see the difference in the effectiveness of the natural products I use on my face. for instance, I had pimples on my face and after using brown sugar and coconut oil as face scrub and then applying besan flour with turmeric powder facepack for 2 days, the pimples disappeared!
What if I cannot find the gram flour
I have malasma, l am feeling stressed and extremely anxious about this. What is the best face mask to use daily.
I started using gram flour in my daily bath but i feel damn itching after i wash it.... Wat can i do? Is thr any alternative thngs whch can be used?
Can i use honey,lemon,gram flour and turmeric for oily skin
Applying turmeric on face and going out in sun, won't it make the skin more tan? also, I am allergic to lemon. Applying lemon on the skin and going out in the sun wont it make the skin tan more?
I have natural dry and fair skin. But Sun taned. Can I use gram flour with coconut milk for lighten my skin?
Thank you mam.
i have acne prone and oily skin. i used isotretinoin capsules for 6 month to the pimples acne recovery but now i again get pimples when i left medicine..what is the reason and what face mask is best for me??
Maam, my skin is sensitive n oily too, i have so many dark spots n acne, ,,i have already concerned doctors too but can't help...what should I do to remove darks n cure acne
Iam suffering of facial hair
Plz suggedt me a remedy
turmeric cause yellowish color of my face , how to solve this ?
Hi its useful recepi
Hi, I have a lot of acne scars, black heads, and even more white heads. Any masks that will help and lighten my skin as well?
Can i use gram flour curd honey for face brightening and glowing ?? Please give tips...
Hi ,
Can you tell something more about these remedies
can i use turmeric,milk,gram flower,rice flower and honey as mask ? how does it help ? i have dry skin
long time ago i had used hydroquinone but now i just want to be safe side....i wanna use only natural home remedies...please suggest me somethng
lets say if i started using meladerm so can i used meladerm for long time or u will suggest me only for few months??sorry for bothering you but please just need a good advice...thanks....just tell me how long i can use..
hello....i saw review on meladerm and its really not good....people are saying its not a lightning cream..its deosnt work......if you want u can see review on internet....can you suggest me somethng else?????? please
Is this recipe good for sensitive skin?
i wanna use meladerm as its work on your daughter pigmentation so i should give a try but let me ask you something after i used meladerm does it has any adverse effect means if i used meladerm for years it has any adverse effect????
I've been using meladerm for a few years now. I began using meladerm for pigmentation problem, which I came across after having my first child. During my pregnancy I was getting dark shadows in areas of my face and body, using meladerm it made my face even toned, generally brighter and just healthier. I use meladerm after the summer season to even out my skin tone as my tan starts to fade. I love this product because it naturally brightens the apprance of your face without being too abrasive to the skin unlike other products that help to even skin tones and textures this product helps to bring back the natural moisture we all need in our skin. Also I'd like to just mention they have a fantastic approach to their customer service, recently I had an order that didn't go as planned, they were happy to help, they put in a fantastic goodwill gesture too. Civant look after their customers. I can't mistake them, only thing I would say is I would be happier if they had a store in London.
Meladerm did not work for me. I have used it for one month on several brown spots and there is no change at all. It is now day 35 so I can't get a refund but I assume I could have (as advertised) if I had tried earlier. Maybe it works for others
I bought the product after seeing so many promising reviews, i used as instructed. IT DID NOT WORK
Hello, I have a surplus of fresh organic turmeric. Can I use it in one of you recipes or will it turn my skin bright yellow? Maybe I should try dehydrating it an grinding it? Thanks for your input.
is swiss botany gleam cream contain hydroquinone??
Hi Angie,
Hope you are doing good..
My skin very dark and very dull. Please suggest me any remedy to get back my skin color.
Hi Angie,
Which one I need to use as my skin is very dark & dull..am confused.. Please suggest..
Thanks for your time..
Thanks for your suggestion Angie.. Will definitely try.. One more question, Can I use curd+gramflour+turmeric+lemon face pack to get rid of dark and tanned skin, Will my skin become brighter and fair?
Hi Angie,if i do not have Gram flour, could i use milk, tumeric and baking soda or plain flour instead.
Hi ma'am may i use the mixture of gramme and rose water to lighten my face color?caz i have white color of body but my face and hand color is so dark... can u plz suggest me the better method
how many times i have to use the mixture of besan and turmeric and can i mix the rose water on it????
oh thank u so much for ur information n do you have any idea of growing eyebrow ?
ma'am is it the permanent method of lighting face?
Hi, my skin is oily and develops tan very fast once exposed to sunlight. I need to remove tan and also get a brighter looking skin tone. I have access to gram flour, rice flour, turmeric, lemon juice, rose water, sandalwood powder, milk, olive oil. Please let me know the most effective paste/mask/procedure to achieve the desired result.
P.S. I am not allergic to any of the above mentioned ingredients.
I am olive toned. Will these masks make my face whiter than the rest of my body? I like the idea of the mask, but I also like the colour of my skin. It is just the hair that I don't want.
for the first recipe, what type of cream do i use and what amount?, because the picture says a teaspoon, but you typed a tablespoon.
i used curd and honey on my face.... i just wanna ask you should i use it regularly or twice a week??because when i am using it on regular basis its not showing the result....thanks.
i used papaya face mask once in a week....and evryday i used cetaphil moisturizer.my question is can i apply mosturizer after using papaya face mask??
Can I use gram flour only?
Hi please I have a facial problem, that is pimples and I have been popping it for sometime now it has turn into acne and scars all over pls what can I do to rememdy the situation
Hi i feel a little itching on my face after applying the mask why is this so


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subset: commoncrawl


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Odell Beckham, Jr. has gone from 0 to 60 in the course of less than two weeks. The Giants have been nothing if not cautious about their first-round pick's hamstring injury, holding him out until they were absolutely sure he was back. Now, though, after Victor Cruz's season went up in smoke in Philadelphia on Sunday night, Beckham has gone from a question mark full of potential to arguably the Giants' top offensive weapon. It's an adjustment he's had to make on the fly.
"As hard as it is, you just have to try and move on," Beckham said Wednesday. "I definitely feel more comfortable with where I'm at now as far as the playbook and getting my body underneath me, and we all have to step up and we all have to play better, especially coming off of last week."
It's been a challenge just to keep his mind on preparing for Dallas, as Cruz underwent surgery to repair his torn patellar tendon on Monday. Cruz was the elder statesmen for a very young group of receivers, a group that now has to grow up fast on national television.
"It's tough to fill that role that he played," Beckham said. "Not just what he did on the field but off the field, his presence. It's just tough because the guy that it happened to is a guy that's looked after me since day one, since I got here."
But the season isn't stopping, and the Giants find themselves facing a huge game in Dallas on Sunday afternoon — one that could decide whether or not they're true contenders in the NFC East. New York needs to come up with answers, or all the good will from the past few weeks will be a distant memory. The Giants signed Kevin Ogletree, and will look to Preston Parker to help out in the slot, but there's no one on the roster who can come close to Cruz's playmaking ability — no one except, maybe, Beckham.
"We've got to come out and prepare hard this week and have got to play hard against Dallas," he said. "As sad as it is, it's the nature of the game. Now us as receivers have to step up, really make him proud and try to fill his role."


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Side Marker Light Euro Guards, Black; 07-15 Jeep Wrangler JK
Protect your side marker lenses with this pair of black Euro Guards from Outland Automotive. Fits 07-15 Jeep Wrangler.
Pricing: $25.99
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|30 min
|Thriller . Sci-Fi . Mystery . Drama
After Sapphire narrowly saves Steel from meeting the same fate as the doomed fighter pilot, Steel becomes determined to figure out why the ghosts are being recruited at the station. Since the ghosts have such strong emotions, Steel tries to anger the soldier into appearing by singing an old military marching song with Tully. Steel's tactic works a little too well and the soldier takes out his anger on Sapphire and Tully.
|Episode Title:
|Adventure Three - Part 3: The Creatures' Revenge
|1981-01-13 at


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Falling in love with her best friend was perhaps the worst thing that could have happened to Daniella Brosen, until he fell in love with another. Circumstances beyond her control drive a wedge between them. It breaks her heart to leave Ren behind, but she believes she is doing what is best for them both.
Rendall Sousa tried to forget about Daniella. He didn't understand why she disappeared from his life, but does his best to move on without her. He loved Dani, but much to his dismay, she had placed him firmly in the friend zone, and didn't leave him much choice.
Years later, tragedy befalls Daniella's business partner, and it brings Rendell back into her life. She thought she'd put her feelings in the past, but one glance from him and they come flooding back. Can Rendell convince her he always loved her, or will she run from him again?
©2016 Dawn Brower (P)2016 Dawn Brower
"Wonderful story!"
This is a wonderful heart touching story that is well written and the Narriator brought it to like. Full of emotions.
"One heart to give"
Wow what a gem this was, I loved this story so much. The characters were so well developed and the story was just so much fun to read. I can't wait to see if Sully Gets his own story,fingers crossed ,Five Stars
Diane D
"True Love Waits"
Yes - it was a good story and I really enjoyed the lost and found love story
Ren and Dani were both great characters. Dani was esp a great character - her fear made her her own worst enemy
Really annoying accent
This story seemed to take place in the states but the narrator had a British(/) accent and it was really annoying with her pronunciation and dropping her g's at the end of words - like droppin'
I'm just a girl who loves stories!
"Predictable but lovely"
the story is a bit predictable but still a lovely story ... I'd certainly buy this in book format

I love listening to people with accents so I enjoyed listening to Jo Nelson narrate ... However, at times I felt bored with her reading and she seemed to stumble on some words/parts
Some characters were very animated and fun, while others were boring and I didn't enjoy listening
I enjoy audible books so I'd say this one is worth getting

"One Heart to Give"
This turned out to be a very fun edge of your seat kind of story! It does start a little slow, but it's just the foundation for what's to come. Dani has had a rough go at life in the foster system. And Ren is her best friend. Both want more but keep denying their feelings. Great read or listen.
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Enjoying an ideal location and uniquely artistic atmosphere, this is a hotel where luxury means the same as comfort, a perfect base from which to discover the most unknown territories of beautiful Alt Empurd�n. Surrounded by nature, with spectacular views of the Plana of the Ampurd�n and the Mediterranean Sea, light floods into every last corner of the hotel through its generous windows, creating an extraordinary atmosphere of space and warmth. The warm colour palette and fine furniture, the wood and the well-kept textiles impart an atmosphere of comfort and peace. The result is a delicate symbiosis of the rustic and the modern, a tacit agreement between the Mediterranean and the Pyrenees. Renovated in 2006, this finca-style hotel comprises a total of 16 rooms, all on the same floor. Light floods into the property and facilities on offer include an entrance hall, air conditioning, a caf�, a restaurant, Internet access (charges apply) and parking for those arriving by car.
The hotel is surrounded by nature, enjoying a spectacular view of the Empord� plain. Light floods into every corner of this establishment, which is equipped with all the latest in technology and is the result of a delicate symbiosis of nature and modernity. There is a range of dining and entertainment options in Figueres, just 28 km from the hotel. The beach at Roses is just a 40-minute drive away, and Cantallops and its forest are right on the hotel doorstep. Barcelona Airport is approximately 161 km from the hotel, while Girona Costa Brava Airport is around 77 km away.
The spacious and cosy rooms are equipped with state-of-the-art technology (WiFi internet connection, DVD player, digital TV with satellite channels), luminous en suite bathrooms, huge windows, air-conditioning, heating, a minibar and a safe. A hairdryer and a direct dial telephone also come as standard.
There is an outdoor swimming pool on the hotel grounds, complete with sun loungers laid out ready for use. For an additional fee guests may treat themselves to a massage. Rowing trips, quad tours or mountain bike trails around the surrounding Albera countryside are just a few of the activities organized by hotel.
Full breakfasts and tasty Mediterranean dishes are available.
MasterCard and VISA are accepted as methods of payment.
Just 5 km from La Jonquera (exit 2, AP7 motorway).
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Internet access
Individual airconditioned


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By Bradley S. Klapper, Associated Press Writer
GENEVA At La Scala, he rankled musicians and clashed with management, personifying at least to some the stereotype of the megalomaniac maestro.
Soon off to Chicago and looking to spread goodwill through music across the globe, Riccardo Muti -- the Chicago Symphony Orchestra's new music director -- is preaching a different creed. He says any functioning orchestra has to be a democracy.
"I have the reputation around the world as Muti, 'Il Dittatore,'" the 67-year-old conductor told a small group of journalists in Geneva, where he was leading the Vienna Philharmonic in a concert to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the World Health Organization on Monday.
"But it's not so. It's because when I get to work, I say, 'Buongiorno, let's start.'"
Muti, a native of Naples, was music director of Milan's La Scala opera house from 1986 to 2005. He said his direct style with musicians -- an Italian preference for "si o no" -- might have ruffled some from other cultures used to the long, polite way of answering questions.
"A symphony is a democracy," he said. "People play different parts together. Every part must have its independence. But it must express itself without killing the independence of the other parts. Otherwise the democracy is killed. Questo e il concetto della musica (that's the idea of music)."
Muti begins a five-year contract as music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in September of the 2010-2011 season, filling a post that has been vacant since Daniel Barenboim left two years ago.
He resigned from La Scala in April 2005 amid bitter controversy after artistic and programming differences with the opera house's former general manager Carlo Fontana led to open conflict with the musicians after Fontana was dismissed.
Muti repeated his desire to reach out to people not usually found in the concert halls of Chicago, including the city's impoverished and criminals.
"In prison, I would not bring a whole orchestra," he said. "Maybe just me playing piano and one singer."
He also spoke of the "concerts for friendship" he has organized since the mid-1990s, when he performed in the war-damaged Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. He said more of these performances could help unite people where politics fail.
"When there's war, conflict, misunderstanding, different opinions, different races, different religions, different colors of skin ... we try to bring music," he said. "It lifts spirits and shows we all have the same soul, all have the same right to live here as people. That is our role as musicians."
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 7, 1999
|Filing date
|Dec 31, 1998
|Priority date
|Dec 31, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Richard M. O'Grady, Glen Nielsen, William D. Hester, Alphonso G. Andress
|Original Assignee
|Alphonso G. Andress
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (34), Classifications (14), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Outdoor cooking and barbecuing have become significant activities, but traditional barbecue grills have remained unchanged for quite a while. However, grills with vertical hearths have been known in the art for some time. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,999,472 to Einto, 3,783,855 to Newinger, 3,611,912 to Choc, 3,550,525 to Rabello, 3,175,549 to Bergsten, as well as that art mentioned in commonly-owned related U.S. Pat. No. 5,823,174 to Andress. It is believed that vertical grills have not been significantly utilized because prior models lacked convenience, practicality and efficiency.
For example, the vertical grill disclosed by commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,823,174 advantageously provided a vertical hearth that extended below a main cooking grill whereby convective and radiant heat from a heat source covered a relatively larger cooking area. Coupled with sidewalls, this grill design increased the amount of main grilling surface that was usable for grilling, roasting or baking. Also, prior vertical grills neither provided multiple cooking temperatures at plural cooking levels nor did they provide kettle rack in combination with other grilling surfaces. In addition, prior grills did not provide deployable or extendable grate or grill members that facilitated portability and stowing. Rotisserie rods were used in the past, but not in combination with multiple multi-temperature grilling surfaces. Also lacking in prior models was a removable firebox that accommodated these features. The present invention, however, overcomes many of these as well as other drawbacks and disadvantages.
It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide a rapidly deployable, portable and/or stationary barbecue grill having a removable firebox that co-acts with a cooking chamber to provide multi-temperature cooking.
It is another objective of the present invention to allow such rapid deployment by providing collapsible barbecue grill components, such as folding legs and fold-out side walls, and at least one deployable cooking grid pivotally attached to a firebox.
It is another objective of the present invention to provide a firebox construction that supports at least one deployable and retractable heating grate and/or cooking grill.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide a firebox-barbecue grill combination where the two, when deployed, act together to create multiple heating surfaces at multiple cooking temperatures to permit simultaneous cooking of varied food items.
It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide a firebox-barbecue grill housing combination wherein, upon deployment, airflow is provided at the rear and/or lower portions of the firebox thereby minimizing cooler air draft within or about the cooking chamber.
It is yet a further objective of the present invention to provide radiant-reflective surfaces in and/or about the firebox receptacle thereby confining and directing heat to a main cooking chamber of the barbecue grill.
It is yet a further objective of the present invention to provide a barbecue grill that supports rotisserie rod, including manual, mechanical or electro-mechanical drive means for the rotisserie rod.
It is another objective of the present invention to provide a firebox-barbecue grill housing construction that permits efficient cooling of housing parts.
It is another objective of the present invention to provide a barbecue grill with a large amount of grilling surface without substantially increasing the overall weight of the barbecue grill.
It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide sufficient heat beneath a main cooking grill thereby increasing the available cooking area of the main cooking grill.
It is also an objective of the present invention to provide a fixed, deployed barbecue grill having the above-specified objectives, wherein various components thereof (legs, grates, firebox, grills, sidewalls, etc.) may be secured or fastened in a fixed position rather than being retracted.
It is another objective of the present invention to provide a barbecue grill construction that is conveniently manufactured, either using sheet metal or aluminum casted housing parts.
It is a further objection of the present invention to provide a durable anti-warping firebox construction that resists warping when heated.
It is yet a further objective of the present invention to provide a firebox-grill housing combination that facilitates cooling and heat shielding of grill housing parts during fuel oxidation by providing insulation within and/or upon said grill housing and/or providing cooling baffles upon said firebox and/or grill housing.
In accordance with the invention, a firebox having at least one deployable cooking grill provides heat to a cooking area generally defined by a base cavity and extended side walls of the barbecue grill is provided with a fixed or collapsible barbecue grill. The firebox generally comprises a vertically disposed enclosure having an open top, a bottom confine, opposed front and rear confines, and opposed side confines for restricting a source of fuel within boundaries. The front confine, which may comprise a grate, wire mesh, or expanded metal, permits radiation of heat from a fuel source, e.g., charcoal briquettes, wood chips, lava rocks. The firebox also includes supports for supporting a mid-level cooking grill in a substantially horizontal position between the top and bottom of said firebox. In a refinement of the invention, the firebox includes a pivoting mid-level cooking grill for high-temperature cooking and a deployable kettle rack directly over the burning fuel for heating a pot or kettle.
In another aspect of the invention, the firebox, with or without a deployable grate or grill, forms the vertical hearth of a barbecue grill and is storable in the base cavity when not in use. When fully deployed, however, the firebox stands upright in spaced relation to a rear housing wall or lid thereby facilitating cooling of (or reducing heat transfer to) the outer grill housing.
These and other multiple objectives, advantages, and aspects of the invention will become more readily apparent in view of the description of illustrative embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The invention, though, is pointed out with particularity by the appended claims.
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a removable firebox having deployable grills according to one aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 1B is also a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1A without deployable grills.
FIG. 1C is a perspective view of another embodiment of a removable firebox according to another aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H are conceptual illustrations of a firebox according to various other aspects of the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a fully deployed barbecue grill including a vertical hearth in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 2B depicts support flanges for a main grill within the base cavity of the barbecue grill.
FIG. 2C shows a pivoting support structure for side walls attached to the upper portion of a barbecue grill housing.
FIG. 2D depicts a support flange for sustaining a mid-level grill in a horizontal position according to an aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary supporting structure for a rotisserie rod between side walls of a barbecue grill constructed according to an aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 4A shows folding legs together with supporting structure on the underside of the lower portion of the barbecue grill housing according to an aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 4B illustrates further details of the supporting structure of FIG. 4A.
FIG. 4C depicts yet further details of the supporting structure of FIG. 4B.
FIG. 5 shows folding legs of the barbecue grill in a retracted position.
FIG. 6A shows a sealed barbecue housing of sheet metal construction according to an aspect of the present convention.
FIG. 6B shows construction details of the upper housing for a barbecue grill according to a sheet metal construction.
FIG. 6C illustrates attachment details of the structure of FIG. 6B.
FIGS. 6D and 6E illustrate rotational attachment between a side wall and the upper housing of a barbecue grill according to one aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 7A depicts a side view of the sheet metal version of a barbecue grill including a removable firebox according to one aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 7B is a front view of the barbecue grill of FIG. 7A.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are conceptual drawings of a collapsible barbecue grill according to yet another aspect of the invention.
FIG. 8C is a conceptual drawing of a removable firebox for the barbecue grill of FIGS. 8A and 8B.
As indicated above, objectives of the invention include providing a firebox separate and apart from a barbecue grill whereby to provide, among other things, convenient cleanup after use, protection of barbecue grill housing from extreme heat, self-contained storage of grill components, transportability, collapsibility and rapid deployment of barbecue grill and grill components. These objectives are provided, in part, by, for example, a removable firebox 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B. In the illustrated embodiments, the firebox 10 provides a vertical hearth for a barbecue grill and comprises a generally vertical enclosure having an open top 11 and confines for holding fuel such as charcoal, briquettes, wood chips and the like. A source of fuel may also include a source of gas, a gas burner, and lava rocks within the firebox. The firebox 10 has at least one planar surface in front and is generally shown to have a rectangular cross-sectional structure, but in practice, may take on a variety of forms or shapes. As illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, however, the confines include side walls 12a and 12b, a rear wall 20, the bottom confine 16, and a front confine comprising a grill 26. Although illustrated in sheet metal construction, the firebox may also include a steel or cast iron frame in order to provide strength to prevent warping of the firebox when exposed to the extreme heat of burning fuel. Stiffening ribs may be stamped into the sheet metal in order to improve warping resistance to heat. Alternatively, portions of or all surfaces of the firebox may be constructed of a wire mesh, expanded metal, steel rods, or other materials.
The bottom portion of the firebox 10 includes a raised flange 18 having a plurality of air vents 24, which assist in maintaining an air draft that supplies the fuel during oxidation thereof. Additional groups of vents 22a and 22b are provided in the bottom portion of the sides 12a and 12b of the firebox. The firebox 10 also includes a pair of tabs 28a and 28b for providing pivot points for a rod 31 of a mid-level 30, a pair of flanges 27a and 27b for supporting a grate grill as a front confine of the firebox, and a pair of protruding flanges 34a and 34b, which provide pivot points for rod 33 of kettle rack 32, i.e., a heating grate, for supporting a kettle or pot directly above burning fuel. In a deployed position, the mid-level grill 30 may be supported in a horizontal position by anchors (not shown) located on side walls of the grill housing, or alternatively, by a stop mechanism that interacts with the mid-level grill 30 and any portion of the firebox 10, such as side walls 12. The heating grate 32, when folded over onto the top of the firebox 10, may rest directly on top of the front grill 26 or on any other portion of the firebox in order to sustain the heating grate 32 in a horizontal position.
Firebox 10 may also include cooling baffles on the sides and/or rear confines thereof in order to reduce heat transfer to the outer casing of the grill housing. Such baffles may take on a variety of constructions, from single to multi-layer sheet metal. Insulating material may also be employed to reduce heat transfer, and air flow may also be induced in the rear portion of the grill housing to facilitate cooling. Such flow may be provided by vents within and/or spacing between parts of the barbecue housing, as shown, for example, in FIG. 6A and 7A. When positioned in the base cavity of the grill housing, firebox 10 is displaced from the rear casing by at least a couple to a few centimeters in order to reduce heat transfer to the grill housing.
FIG. 1C depicts one of many alternative embodiments of a firebox. Here, firebox 10 provides a horizontal supporting mechanism for both the mid-level grill 30 and the heating grate 32. In addition, the firebox includes a mechanism for fully retracting both the mid-level grill 30 and the heating grate 32. The front of the firebox, at the lower portion, has a beveled cross-sectional shape which provides obstruction clearance during rotational movement of the firebox towards the base cavity of the barbecue grill. In particular, studs 36a (not shown) and 36b co-act with pivot supports in the base cavity of the barbecue grill so that the firebox may be folded downwardly into the base cavity. When so folded, cooking grill 30 retracts to a position parallel to the front of the firebox and heating grate 32 folds upward and then retracts downwardly into the firebox.
A deployment and retraction mechanism for the mid-level grill 30 includes extension arms 41a and 41b of mid-level grill 30, which co-act with flanges 38a 38b located on side walls 12a and 12b of the firebox and with friction studs 40a and 40b, which lock the mid-level grill 30 in a horizontal position upon rotation along path 39. A rod 43 of the front confine of the firebox, extending horizontally along the front of the firebox, provides an axis of rotation for mid-level grill 30. Grill 30 includes extended members 47a and 47b for grasping and/or encircling the support rod 43. Preferably, grill 30 comprises stainless-steel, porcelain coated steel or other material for providing easy cleaning and a nonstick surface.
Although termed a mid-level grill, its horizontal position may lie at any vertical position between the top and bottom of the firebox 10, depending upon the required heat application. A higher placement provides greater heat. To meet certain other objectives of the invention, the mid-level grill should be sufficiently high enough from the bottom of the firebox to permit higher temperature cooking than that provided by a main cooking grill, which extends horizontally and perpendicular along a lower portion of the firebox. Also, it is important that at least a portion of the firebox extends below the main cooking grill in order to permit sufficient radiation and convection of heat from the fuel source into a heating area or chamber generally defined in a base cavity of the barbecue grill. These components are subsequently described in conjunction with the description of the combination of the firebox and the barbecue grill.
Still referring to FIG. 1C, the heating grate 32 may also be retracted when rotated upwardly generally along path 50, and then displaced downwardly along path 51 when guided by slot pairs 42a (not shown) and 42b disposed in side walls of the firebox. Heating grate 32 includes protruding studs 49a (not shown) and 49b that guide the rotational and displacement motion of the heating grate 32 during retraction and deployment. The width of heating grate 32 is slightly smaller than the inside width of the firebox 10 in order to permit storage of the grate 32 inside firebox 10. Heating grate 32 may be constructed of steel, iron, or may even comprise a solid heating plate or other support structure for a pot or kettle.
FIGS. 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H show various extension/retraction configurations of firebox grates and grills. FIG. 1D, for example, depicts a firebox 10 having a retractable heating grate 32, a retracted mid-level grill 30 and a retracted main grill 52, each being pivotally attached and supported by the firebox. FIG. 1E shows a firebox having a retractable heating grate 32 and a retracted mid-level grill 30. FIG. 1F depicts the firebox of FIG. 1E when the heating grate 32 and the mid-level grill 30 are in a deployed, extended position. FIG. 1G is a conceptual perspective diagram of a firebox 10 having deployed heating grate 32, mid-level grill 30, and main grill 52. FIG. 1H shows the firebox in relation to a barbecue grill having a lower portion 62 and upper portion 64. The firebox rests on pivot supports 66 located within the base cavity 60 of the barbecue grill. Support 66 helps to maintain the firebox 10 in a vertical position so that the mid-level grill 30 and main grill 52 may rest in horizontal positions. The barbecue grill of FIG. 1H is collapsible in the sense that the top portion 64 may fold over and mate with the lower portion 62 to provide a sealed container, which prevents ashes, fuel, cooking residue and the like from spilling when stowed or transported. The lower portion 62 of the barbecue grill provides a cradle for the collapsed firebox 10 with retracted grill members 52, 30 and 32.
FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a barbecue grill utilizing a firebox 10 as a vertical hearth. The collapsible barbecue grill shown in the illustration includes a lower portion 62 having a base cavity 60, an upper portion 64 that is adapted to pivot on hinges to mate with lower portion 62, side walls 68a and 68b that may be either hinged to the upper portion 64 or hinged to the lower portion 62 and adapted to be folded outward or upward, as the case may be, to define a heating area therebetween. Instead of hinging, these components may be releasably fastened together. In a stationary grill, these parts may be welded. Side walls 68a and 68b also include punchouts 69a and 69b, which provide tabs 70a (not shown) and 70b (FIG. 2B) for supporting mid-level grill 30 in a horizontal position. Side walls 68a and 68b also include rotisserie rod supports 76a and 76b for accepting a rotisserie rod and/or rod turning mechanism. The rotisserie rod and turning mechanism may be a standard off-the-shelf item, such as that available from Char-Broil (W.C. Bradley Co.) or other barbecue parts supplier. The base cavity 60 of the lower portion 62 of the barbecue grill include flanges 61 and 63 (FIG. 2B) for supporting the main grill 52. The base portion 62 of the barbecue grill assembly also includes foldable leg pairs 72a and 72b, each including respective cross-member braces 74a and 74b.
FIG. 2C illustrates a possible hinging mechanism between side wall 68b and an upper portion 64 of a barbecue grill. As shown, the side wall 68b includes studs 78 and 79 located on protruding flanges that mate with protruding flanges 80 and 81 of the upper housing lid 64 of the barbecue grill in order to provide a pivot support mechanism.
The barbecue grill may also include insulation material in various parts thereof to protect users from extreme heat generated by oxidizing fuel in the firebox 10. Insulation may comprise a double-wall construction of lid 64 including insulating spacers, e.g., ceramic, between inner and outer walls thereof. The double-wall structure may include insulating material, such as high-temperature fiberglass or other non-combustible material. Thermal insulating material may also be place on the outside surface of lid 64 to minimize or prevent touching hot metal parts wherein the inside wall is even thermally insulated along the periphery of the double wall seal. Sidewalls 68a and 68b may also be coated with insulating material. Cooling baffles may be placed on the rear portion of the firebox 10 or on the inside surface of lid 64 to further reduce heat transfer to the outer housing.
FIG. 3 shows a relationship between a rotisserie rod 82 and side walls 68a and 68b of the barbecue grill. Rotisserie rod 82 extends through a pair of supports 85 and 87, each of which is positioned generally equidistant from a generally (but not necessarily) planar surface of the firebox. Rotisserie rod 82 also may be repositioned to a location closer to the firebox simply by utilizing support pairs 86 and 88. Side walls 68a and 68b may have additional sets or pairs of rotisserie rod supports. Also, a driving mechanism 84 may be attached to either side wall in order to rotate the rotisserie rod. The driving mechanism may be an electrically operated motor or a coil spring motor providing constant force or other rotation; or the rod may be manually turned during cooking. A conventional constant force coil spring motor is available from Ming Tai Industrial Co., Ltd. of Taiwan, and such a driving mechanism would include gearing, ratcheting, locking/release mechanism and spindles in a conventional way, as known in the art. To assist in circumferentially positioning a manually operated rotisserie rod, slot 87 may co-act with a generally polygon cross-sectional rotisserie rod, i.e., square, hexagonal, etc., to provide circumferential positioning when rod is lifted, rotated and re-inserted into slot 87.
FIG. 4A shows further details of folding leg pairs 90a and 90b on the bottom portion 62 of the barbecue grill. Each leg pair includes a flat cross member brace 92a and 92b, which is located on complementary inner and outer sides of the folding legs so that the leg pairs retract substantially into the same plane. FIG. 4B shows a hinging and locking mechanism for each of the folded legs. Flanges 94 and 96 support an axial pin (not shown) over which leg 98 rotates. At least one of the flange portions 96 includes a locking mechanism 97 to lock the legs in an extended position when the grill is deployed. These flanges 94 and 96 may be cast directly in the body of the grill to save labor cost during manufacturing or may comprise sheet metal flanges that are spot welded to the base 62 of the barbecue grill. Other attachment means may also be employed. FIG. 4C depicts the geometric configuration of an inset for supporting leg 98 in an extended position. In particular, a top surface 99 of leg 98 mates with a flat portion 100 that is recessed within the bottom portion 62 of the barbecue grill housing. A curved portion 102 of the recess provides clearing for rotation of leg 98 about an axis 104 (FIG. 4B) to a retracted position.
FIG. 5 shows a sheet metal construction for the retractable leg assembly. An inner leg pair 114 and 116 are attached to the base portion of the barbecue grill via flange assemblies 118 and 120, and are tied together by a flat flange 108. Flange assembly 118 and 120 provide pivoting support and a locking mechanism for the leg pair when moved from a retracted to a deployed position. An outer leg pair 110 and 112 are also supported by flange assembly 122 and 124, and are tied together by a flat flange member 106. This construction provides retraction of all legs 110, 112, 114, and 116 into substantially the same plane. Rather than having inner and outer leg pairs, the legs in each pair may be staggered over one another so that one leg lies in the inner position and the other leg lies in the outer position relative to the periphery of the base portion 62 of the barbecue grill.
FIG. 6A is a perspective view of the sheet metal constructed barbecue grill showing a mating relationship between the upper and lower housings 62 and 64. Also shown are stiffening ribs 130, 131, 132, 133 and 134, which may be die-stamped into the upper lid housing 64 of the barbecue grill. A series of air vents may also be provided in the top portion to assist in cooling. A handle 136 and locking mechanisms 138 and 139 are also provided. FIG. 6B illustrates possible construction details of the upper lid portion 64 of the barbecue grill wherein a die-stamped side member 140 may be attached by welding or other fastening to a generally con-caved structure 64. FIG. 6C depicts fastening by conventional spot welding of sheet metal portions of the upper portion 64 and side flange 140. FIGS. 6D and 6E depict an alternative hinging mechanism between a side wall 68 and upper portion 64 of the barbecue grill.
FIGS. 7A and 7B show a side view of the barbecue grill made according to a sheet metal design. As indicated earlier, the major component to the barbecue grill may also be cast using aluminum metal. Sand or shell casting is preferred using high temperature aluminum alloys selected from the group called AL 380, AL 356 and AL 142. Other metals or alloys may also be used. According to another illustrative design, a top portion 64 is hinged to bottom portion 62 by piano hinge 142. Parts of the grill housing may be cast iron to provide heat durability.
Firebox 10 is supported by a pivot support plate 144 that is fastened to a wall within base portion 62. Pivot support plate 144 is positioned to allow the firebox to rotate downwardly into the base portion 62 to a stowed position, and to permit a portion of the firebox 10 to extend below a main grill 52 when deployed vertically. Instead of pivoting, the firebox may rest in a receptacle or cradle comprising stops, tabs, flanges, etc. fixedly attached within the cavity 60 of base 62. Importantly, the firebox 10 should extend below the main grill 52 so as to provide radiant and convective heat to a larger area underneath grill 52.
Also shown is a buffering space 148 between the rear of the firebox 10 and grill housing 64. This helps to reduce heat transfer to the outer lid housing 64 during fuel oxidation. Housing 64 may also have a double wall construction with internal insulation, similar to an oven door, in order to shield the outer wall of the housing 64 from heat. Side walls 68 may have a similar construction. Furthermore, gaps 150 and 152 provide airflow openings to sustain an air draft for oxidizing fuel in the firebox. Such venting may also exist along the area of piano hinge 142 or within portions of the upper and lower housings 62 and 64 spanning firebox 10. Airflow through and/or about the rear and side portions of the barbecue grill may be received by corresponding air vents in the side and rear of the firebox 10, which reduces the amount of any downward draft through the main grill 52, to oxidize fuel. Such downdrafts tends to cool the heating chamber thereby reducing cooking temperatures.
Side walls 68 include a flange assembly 146 having protruding ends that mate with tab 148 (FIG. 1C) in order to hold the firebox 10 in a vertical position when deployed. The grill housing of the sheet metal embodiment of the invention is preferably power coated with baked enamel. Sheet metal of about 18 gage is believed to be satisfactory for housing construction, and where strength is required, plates may be added or stiffening ribs may be stamped therein. To reduce overall weight without reducing overall dimensions of the grill, a thinner metal, i.e., 20 gage sheet metal, and stiffening ribs may be used. A basic unit of the barbecue grill measures approximately 18" by 24" by 8" but these dimensions may vary. The aluminum shell or sand casted models will have a wall thickness between approximately one-eight to one-quarter inches. Larger units of both the sheet metal and casted versions may include wheels attached to at least one pair of folding legs so that, when collapsed, the unit may be transported in a manner similar to a luggage cart. A smaller tabletop unit need not have legs, but may include insulating table mounts on the underside to shield heat. A drip pan (not shown), such as a disposable aluminum pan, may be used in the base cavity to catch grease and/or ash drippings.
FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C are conceptual renditions of a barbecue grill assembly for receiving and supporting a removable firebox. FIG. 8A illustrates an arrangement of tabs, stops and flanges within the base cavity 60 of the lower portion 62 of the barbecue grill. FIG. 8B shows an enclosure design provided by the barbecue grill. FIG. 8C is a conceptual rendition of a removable firebox having deployed grate and cooking grill members.
The above illustrative embodiments of the invention defined by the appended claim, and the written description and drawings are not intended to limit the subject matter of the invention. According to the teachings hereof, materials may be substituted, shapes may be altered, and the construction of grill parts may be changed without departing from the general nature and character of the invention. For example, instead of hinging and/or pivoting, any of the components mentioned above may be releasably or permanently fastened together. Rather than have a rectangular cross-sectional shape, the firebox may take on a variety of other forms, including circular, elliptical, oval, etc. The invention may be used with lava rocks and include a gas source, as described in commonly-owned related U.S. Pat. No. 5,823,174 and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/190118, incorporated herein, in which case a burner would be added, or the invention may be used simply with charcoal, briquettes, wood chips and the like.
The appended claims are to be given their broadest reasonable interpretation within the limits of the prior art, and no part of the foregoing description should be viewed as limiting their construction. Unless expressly restricted by definition in the written description of the invention, words used in the appended claims are to be given their ordinary meaning.
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|Andress Alphonso G
|Vertical hearth barbecue grill
|Mar 16, 2001
|Sep 27, 2001
|Sunbeam Products Inc.
|Collapsible cart for a barbecue grill
|Jul 4, 2008
|Jan 7, 2010
|Direct Designs International Limited
|Portable barbecue furnace
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 25, 1999
Owner name: ANDRESS, ALPHONSO G., PERU
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HESTER, WILLIAM D.;NIELSEN, GLEN;O GRADY, RICHARD M.;REEL/FRAME:010056/0562
Effective date: 19990104
|Mar 26, 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 8, 2003
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 4, 2003
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20030907


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Olivia Grace – Bad To The Bone
Released: January 31, 2015
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A 25-minute phone call between Bush and French President Jacques Chirac failed to produce a breakthrough over wording of a new U.N. Security Council resolution to disarm Saddam Hussein. "This is intricate diplomacy and we are continuing our consultations," said White House spokesman Sean McCormack. He cited a "mutual desire" to find common ground.
Both the Republican-led House and the Democratic-ruled Senate forged ahead with debate on a resolution giving Bush authority to use U.S. force against Iraq — with or without U.N. participation.
The White House cited a new CIA assessment — suggesting Saddam might launch terrorist attacks if he concluded a U.S. military attack was inevitable — as further justification for strengthening the president's hand. Opponents used the same document to argue against a U.S. first strike.
But more Democrats closed ranks with the president and leaders of both parties predicting congressional passage by wide margins by week's end. Both houses of Congress debated the measure late into the night. A final vote in the House was expected Thursday.
Sen. Harry Reid of Nevada, the Senate's No. 2 Democrat, announced he would vote with the president, while cautioning Bush to use the power with discretion. "As president of the United States, you are the leader of the free world, not its ruler," Reid said.
Sen. Joseph Biden, D-Del., chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, who had favored a more restrictive version, indicated he, too, would support Bush, saying it would "give the president the kind of momentum he needs" to prevail in the Security Council. "If Saddam Hussein is around five years from now, we are in deep trouble as a country," Biden said.
Also voicing their support were Sens. Chris Dodd, D-Conn., and John Kerry, D-Mass. Dodd said he hoped the show of unity "will reduce the likelihood that force will be necessary." Kerry, a decorated Vietnam War veteran who had been in the go-slow camp, said Saddam's arsenal posed "a real and grave threat" to the United States and its allies.
In what may have been a sign of votes to come, the Senate turned back, 88-10, an amendment by Sen. Bob Graham, D-Fla., to expand Bush's authority for pre-emptive military action to include five terror organizations.
Graham, chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said focusing solely on Iraq could distract from the war on terrorism and "increase the risk at home." But administration allies said it would complicate matters.
All 10 votes for Graham's proposal came from Democrats, while 39 Democrats joined Republicans in voting to block it.
Senate Minority Leader Trent Lott, R-Miss., told reporters the war resolution has support from possibly all of the Senate's 49 Republicans and was gaining substantial Democratic backing. A Senate vote Thursday morning to stifle delaying tactics "will pass overwhelmingly," Lott predicted.
Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle, D-S.D., said despite continuing divisions among Democrats, "my determination is to finish debate before the end of this week." Daschle has not said whether he will vote for the resolution.
Senate Robert C. Byrd, D-W.Va., a foe, pressed his effort to block or delay the final vote. "This is a question that involves peace and war, a question that involves great sacrifice to this country," Byrd said. Still, he all but conceded defeat.
"The wheels have been greased," said Byrd.
Despite Bush's call for a quick U.N. resolution, the five veto-wielding members of the Security Council remained divided on whether to authorize military action if Iraq does not comply with U.N. weapons inspectors.
The United States and Britain have demanded a green light to attack Iraq in case it blocks inspectors again. France, Russia and China insist Saddam should first be given a chance to cooperate.
McCormack, the White House spokesman, said that Bush stressed in his phone call with Chirac that the stronger the U.N. resolution, "the more likely this matter can be resolved peacefully."
In Paris, Chirac spokeswoman Catherine Colonna said the French president was open to strengthening the powers of U.N. weapons inspectors in Iraq — but still could not accept making military recourse an automatic response should they be hampered.
Secretary of State Colin Powell stood fast by the administration's position. "There must be consequences for failure to comply," he told CNN's Larry King. "And if those consequences include going to war, then I hope the international community will understand the importance of us doing this as an international community."
Powell has expressed some recent optimism and State Department spokesman Richard Boucher on Wednesday cited "some convergence on the concepts" on what the Security Council should do.
But Boucher added, "We haven't started on words or a text." Two other U.S. officials said neither France nor Russia had swung over to the U.S. approach.
In Moscow, Deputy Foreign Minister Yuri Fedotov told reporters his country could accept a new U.N. resolution if it did not entail an automatic use of force should Baghdad fail to comply.
A letter to lawmakers from CIA Director George Tenet became a factor in congressional debate.
Tenet suggested a chemical or biological attack by Saddam on U.S. interests did not seem imminent. But he also warned that Saddam might use those weapons for terrorist purposes if provoked by an imminent U.S.-led attack.
"The fact that people say he has these weapons, he may use these weapons, despite the fact he denies he has them," said White House spokesman Ari Fleischer. "Blackmail is something the United States has to consider."
But Rep. Donald Payne, D-N.J., said Tenet's report suggested that an attack on Iraq "could trigger the very things that our president has said that he is trying to prevent: the use of chemical or biological weapons."


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On Food Network
Episode: Obsessions
Tyler Florence - Kumamoto Oysters
Try one of the many locally brewed beers on tap, such as Red Seal Ale and Blue Star, or sample an oyster-friendly Muscadet, perfectly matched for the menu.
Take advantage of Monday and Thursday night happy hour from 5pm to 7pm, which offers $1 oysters and $3.50 pints.
The friendly staff is happy to reserve the restaurant for a private party after-hours.
*Happy Hour* $1 oysters on Mondays and Thursdays from 5 - 7pm. Get here before 4:30 so you can get seated before the rush.
Go to Hog Island Oyster Company and shuck some oysters. Bring grilling tools.
One of my favorite places in SF.
Nothing like a hot clam chowder...it's #99 on 7x7's Big Eat SF 2010.
Go at sunset and you have front row seats to see the LED light show on the Bay Bridge
Happy Hour: M+Th, 5?7pm, $1 Oysters. Hog Island Oyster Co. gets their oysters from their very own farm on Tomales Bay. The line can get long, but it's very fast once you sit down.
Be prepared to wait for a table and then consume some of the freshest oysters around. Watching the pros shucking oysters is something magical.
Oysters and beer....hmm!!! If you think oysters are all the same, order Oyster Bar Mix and you'll find out!
7x7's Big Eat 2012 says a dozen sweetwater oysters are delicious. Yum!
kumomotos ftw.


text: A thread on the LA board about Jack Shrimp (similar to Killer Shrimp) had a Killer Shrimp recipe knockoff calling for 2 quarts of clam broth. This is not bottled clam juice. Other than steaming clams then simmering them (and their liquor) in water, how would you make 2 quarts of clam broth?