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From the desk of the Devil's Advocate... I'm starting today's Devil's Advocate column with an announcement. For over 2 1/2 years now, Scott Mackenzie - the owner of Travel Codex - has been exceptionally generous in giving me a platform to spout my nonsense, usually in … [Read more...]
I Got My Annual AA Aviator Bonus Offer, but Here's Why I Might Skip It This Year
From the desk of the Devil's Advocate... It's the holiday season, which means gifts! Lots and lots of gifts. In fact, I think it's important to note that we have arrived at a point in the history of the United States where, regardless of your faith, creed, or political … [Read more...]
Is It Worth Buying Elite Status? The Answer May Surprise You! (No, really, it might.)
From the desk of the Devil's Advocate... I never write about politics and I'm not going to start today. But if there's one thing we've learned in the last two weeks, it's that we should always challenge and question the Conventional Wisdom. Even when we think the … [Read more...]
Why The New "World of Hyatt" Elite Program Is A Major Enhancement
From the desk of the Devil's Advocate... The reaction to Hyatt's new elite program from Conventional Wisdomers has been decidedly mixed. No, wait a minute. "Mixed" isn't the word I'm looking for. I meant "apoplectic." The reaction has been decidedly … [Read more...]
These 5 Credit Cards Are Turning Into The Only Ones You'll Ever Need
From the desk of the Devil's Advocate... "What's the best credit card to earn travel points?"Conventional Wisdom tells us there's no one simple answer to that question. It depends on your travel goals. Do you want to fly domestically or internationally? Are you … [Read more...]
Could the New Amex Platinum 50% Rebate Mean the End of Miles?
From the desk of the Devil's Advocate... Did we all just miss a huge breakthrough in the points game?Amex launched its belated counterstrike against the Chase Sapphire Reserve this week and thus far most members of the points and miles community are generally … [Read more...]
The New Arrival+ Signup Bonus Is Decent, but It's Not a Keeper Card
From the desk of the Devil's Advocate... Yes, yes, we're all very impressed with the increased signup bonus on Barclaycard's Arrival+ Mastercard. If you haven't heard (though I'm pretty sure you have), earlier this week the Arrival+ signup bonus was raised to 50,000 … [Read more...]
Are Bank Rewards Programs Killing Frequent Flyer Miles?
From the desk of the Devil's Advocate... All good things come to an end. Or they're replaced by something better.Travel loyalty programs are one of the greatest marketing inventions of modern times. From the first mileage-based frequent flyer program launched by … [Read more...]
The Future Already Looks Bleak For The Chase Sapphire Reserve
From the desk of the Devil's Advocate... Sometimes playing Devil's Advocate feels like playing Debbie Downer.There's been massive excitement about the introduction of the Chase Sapphire Reserve, and normally when the Conventional Wisdom is so overwhelmingly in favor … [Read more...]
Marriott Confirms New Ritz-Carlton Visa DOES Have Club Upgrades Benefit
This is both news and a correction to last week's Devil's Advocate column about the new Ritz-Carlton Visa.There have been mixed reports as to whether the new Ritz-Carlton Visa includes the same 3 annual Club upgrades as the old Ritz-Carlton card did. Our friends at … [Read more...]


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Hide empty fields in email notification and customize / add headersAsked by juliapei on September 22, 2015 at 10:58 AM
I have many fields that will probably remain empty and will need to remain hidden in the email notification. However, I would also need to customize the email form, but when I go to unlock the email form for customization, it tells me that Unlocking enables customization, but loses the ability to hide empty fields. Is there any way for me to customize how the fields appear and also hide any empty fields?
You may hide empty fields in the email notification by
1) press the PREFERENCE button
2) In the preference window, please go to the ADVANCE SETTING. You can enable to HIDE EMPTY FIELDS.
Please let us know if this helps.
Yes I am able to do this. However, I would also like the ability to customize the format of my email notification, and when I click "unlock data table", it tells me that it will lose the ability to hide empty fields. My question is, is there a feature that enables me to customize my email notification AND hide the empty fields, as it seems one must exist without the other.
Actually, you should be able to modify your email notification template to customize it the way you want it to look. At that point you can then go back into your form preferences and re-enable the feature for hiding empty fields.
It does that because this is the way it compares the notification setup since otherwise it would break your email notification since you are customizing it. This is the reason for the warning and the unlock first even though it can be re-enabled to apply it again. Alternatively, just lock it again. The warning you see about going back to the default just means that it will revert back to how you had it as if it was locked in the first place.
I have tested this for you to confirm it.
In this screenshot below there is no image even though the I've applied the hide empty fields.
In this screenshot I unlocked it, added and image, then re-locked it after adding custom image as a quick and easy test.
Here are the results I got after filling in all of the fields on this form and also after leaving one empty in which it works as expected.
In the first one you can see the checkbox option and in the second one I left those empty and they were hidden.
Both showed the Custom Image I added to do a quick and easy customization inside the email template to check it which means you can customize it then enable hiding empty fields.
Thank you for this very helpful demonstration. I am able to do it in the blue field, however, when I tried to edit the "question" and "Answer" part of it... deleting it, for example, it always reverts to the original content and format when I lock it again. Please let me know if this is something I am doing incorrectly.
Thanks again!
JotForm Support
Hello Julia,
Unfortunately it is not possible to edit the "question" and "Answer" section of email alert. If you edit and then lock the data table again, the whole section will revert to original state. Please check the screenshot below:
Unfortunately, there is no workaround to solve this issue. For the hide empty fields to work, the data table should be locked.
Thank you!

subset: commoncrawl


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An Oklahoma-based company pleaded guilty to a violation of the Clean Water Act and has agreed to pay a $3.1 million fine for discharging water with oil and other pollutants into the Breton Sound over a two-year period.
XPLOR Energy SPV-1, an Oklahoma corporation that has offices in Southlake, Texas, operated an offshore oil and gas platform from November 1997 until it was sold in November 2011.
Part of the production involved disposing of produced water, or brine, that comes up with the oil and gas and contains pollutants. The platform was supposed to dispose of the pollution by putting the produced water into an injection well near the platform.
However, when ownership of the well was transferred to a new company in 2011, the new company found the produced water was just being discharged directly into the water of Breton Sound, according to a news release from the U.S. Department of Justice.
The new company reported the problem, and an investigation found that not only were faulty injection lines and pipes leading from the platform to the disposal wells leaking, but the disposal wells themselves were spilling out produced water because they were too small.
"Despite knowing of this consistent discharge from the injection lines and the insufficient capacity of their disposal wells, XPLOR failed to adequately repair these faulty injection lines and disposal wells," according to the release. The spill appeared to continue from October 2009 until November 2011.
Failing to repair these problems saved the company an estimated $1.5 million, according to the release.
As part of a guilty plea announced by U.S. Attorney Kenneth Polite on Wednesday, XPLOR will pay $3.1 million and serve a three-year probation, all subject to the approval of U.S. District Judge Sarah Vance at the formal sentencing set for March 4. The terms of the three-year probation also will be set at that time.
If the terms are accepted by the court, $2.5 million of that will go to the U.S. Treasury, with $600,000 to be paid to the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality Trust Fund.
The case was investigated by the Criminal Investigation Division of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Criminal Investigation Division of the Louisiana DEQ.
Follow Amy Wold on Twitter, @awold10.


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I was able to remove the fabric dispenser off the top of the agitator. Both the inside of the dispenser and the inside of the agitator are gunked up with softner.
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7-Eleven Debuts New Cinnamon Rolls
Colorado and Utah 7-Eleven stores are getting a down-home feel thanks to one small bakery.
DALLAS -- 7-Eleven joined the roster of retailers selling Johnson's Corner cinnamon rolls, a local favorite from Loveland, Colo., according to a report by LovelandConnection.com.
The hand-made treats, which are shipped frozen from the bakery and distributed by McLane Western, made their way into 7-Eleven stores throughout Utah and Colorado in December at a discount price of $2.19.
Johnson's Corner began in 1952 as a truck stop and restaurant. The stop became best-known for the taste of its oversized, hand-rolled cinnamon rolls.
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Criminal Clinics in the Pursuit of Immigrant Rights: Lessons from the Loncheros
- Brent Henderson
- 2 years ago
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1 Criminal Clinics in the Pursuit of Immigrant Rights: Lessons from the Loncheros Ingrid V. Eagly* Introduction I. The Role of Lawyers in the Lonchero Campaign A. The Organizational Phase: Contesting the Durational Restriction Crime Competition Race Collective Decisionmaking B. The Individual Phase: Defending the Test Case II. Implications for Clinics and Practice A. Individual Clients and Law Reform B. Criminal Defense Outside the Criminal Law C. Defenders and Community Conclusion INTRODUCTION For decades, the men and women operating mobile catering trucks in Los Angeles have been subjected to a variety of local regulation. In 2006 these workers known colloquially as lunch truck vendors, loncheros, or taqueros 1 found * Acting Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law. I am grateful to Anthony Alfieri, Sameer Ashar, Sean Basinski, Paul Bergman, Michael Bindas, David Binder, Gary Blasi, Scott Cummings, Matthew Geller, Erin Glenn, Laura Gómez, Gregg Kettles, Albert Moore, Victor Narro, Angélica Ochoa, Ernesto Hernández-López, Hiroshi Motomura, Sanjukta Paul, Rocio Rosales, Joanna Schwartz, and Noah Zatz for feedback on earlier drafts of this Essay. Participants in UC Irvine School of Law s symposium Persistent Puzzles in Immigration Law and the Sixth Annual Colloquium on Current Scholarship in Labor and Employment Law also provided helpful comments. Thank you to June Kim, Mariana Newman, and Zachary Thompson for their research assistance. Finally, I am indebted to Francisco González, Alfredo Magallanes, and the Asociación de Loncheros for giving the UCLA School of Law s Criminal Defense Clinic the opportunity to work with them and for granting me permission to write about our collective efforts. 1. For a discussion of some of the legal issues that arise in the context of street vending, see 91
2 92 UC IRVINE LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2:91 themselves subject to a new municipal ordinance that severely limited the amount of time that they could sell food in public streets. 2 Specifically, the law required catering trucks defined as motorized vehicles designed primarily for dispensing victuals to move every thirty minutes (if parked in a residential zone) or sixty minutes (if parked in a commercial zone) to a location at least one-half mile away. 3 Vendors who did not comply were subject to steep fines. 4 As catering trucks racked up thousands of dollars in penalties, a grassroots group began to organize to evaluate possible responses. Over dinners at a South Los Angeles restaurant, the vendors congregated to discuss shared experiences operating their trucks under the stringent durational restriction. Gradually, attendance at the weekly meetings grew with the support of a community organizer, 5 a web-based community of taco enthusiasts, 6 and leadership training provided by the UCLA Downtown Labor Center and the National Day Labor Organizing Network. 7 In 2008 the vendors established a formal organization, which they named La Asociación de Loncheros L.A. Familia Unida de California. 8 Shortly thereafter, the Asociación contacted UCLA s Criminal Defense Clinic, which I direct, to help its members explore their options in defending against continued prosecutions under the ordinance. Eventually, the Asociación asked the clinic to represent one of its members in an administrative appeal contesting the numerous fines he had received under the ordinance, while also using the appeal to challenge the validity of the ordinance itself. This Essay examines the clinic s work on the lonchero case. The goal of this Ernesto Hernández-López, LA s Taco Truck War: How Law Cooks Food Culture Contests (Chap. Univ. Sch. of L. Legal Studies Research Paper Series, Paper No , 2010), available at and Gregg W. Kettles, Regulating Vending in the Sidewalk Commons, 77 TEMP. L. REV. 1 (2004). 2. L.A., CAL., MUN. CODE 80.73(b)(2)(F) (2011) (effective July 23, 2006). 3. Id (b)(1)(B). The ordinance also requires catering trucks to remain at these distant locations for an equivalent length of time (thirty or sixty minutes depending on the zone). Id (b)(2)(F). 4. Fines under the ordinance run as high as $361. Id (see tbl. Los Angeles Municipal Code, under Section 80.73(b)(2)(F) ). 5. Erin Glenn, who began as a volunteer organizer with the Asociación in 2008 and now serves as the group s executive director, has recently published an article about her experience. See Erin Glenn, Taco Trucks on the Streets: Where Food and Social Justice Meet, 3 L.A. PUB. INT. L.J. (forthcoming 2012). 6. See SAVEOURTACOTRUCKS.ORG, (last visited Jan. 7, 2012). 7. Victor Narro, Project Director of the UCLA Labor Center, and Chris Newman, Legal Director of the National Day Labor Organizing Network (NDLON), were both instrumental in the Asociación s development. 8. See ASOCIACIÓN DE LONCHEROS L.A. FAMILIA UNIDA DE CALIFORNIA, (last visited Jan. 7, 2012). The Asociación is certainly not the first grassroots group to mobilize in Los Angeles around the rights of vendors. See, e.g., Clair M. Weber, Latino Street Vendors in Los Angeles: Heterogeneous Alliances, Community-Based Activism, and the State, in ASIAN AND LATINO IMMIGRANTS IN A RESTRUCTURING ECONOMY: THE METAMORPHOSIS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 217 (Marta López-Garza & David R. Diaz eds., 2001) (discussing a Latino street vendor association that was active in the late 1980s in Los Angeles).
3 2012] LESSONS FROM THE LONCHEROS 93 Essay is to document and assess a criminal clinic s effort to link an individual client s defense with a broader community-based campaign to organize immigrant workers around legal reform. Toward this end, Part I offers a descriptive account of the loncheros political mobilization to challenge the Los Angeles durational restriction and the clinic s legal work on behalf of an individual vendor to advance that goal. Next, in Part II, this Essay uses the lonchero case study as a basis for reflecting on some of the implicit professional choices that underlie the conventional model for criminal defense and for explaining how cases like that of the loncheros can teach students about the practically important, but academically underexamined, role of defense lawyers in the pursuit of law reform. In sum, I contribute the story of the loncheros as a case study in clinical process, while also using it to explore alternative conceptions of defense practice. I. THE ROLE OF LAWYERS IN THE LONCHERO CAMPAIGN The loncheros strategy of contesting the Los Angeles ordinance through an individual test case evolved through a series of meetings that began in late As the clinic s director, the first question that I confronted in deciding whether we would accept the invitation to support the workers campaign was whether the substance of the work would in fact fit within the subject matter of a criminal clinic. Although at one time parking violations were treated as infractions in California s criminal justice system, in 1992 the legislature converted such violations into civil offenses subject to administrative enforcement. 9 Ultimately, I was convinced that the severity of the frequent fines received by the vendors combined with the vigorous enforcement of such violations by officers of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) placed the vendors plight squarely in the realm of a criminal defense clinic. 10 The procedural rules that applied to the administrative proceedings fell outside the constitutional guarantees of the criminal system, but the posture of the case defending against governmentinvoked sanctions designed to punish violators was familiar. 11 My students clinical work with the Asociación began in the first week of the spring semester with a meeting at the UCLA Downtown Labor Center, a university program that supports research and education on labor issues. At the meeting, the core leadership of the Asociación explained to the students that the mission of their newly formed organization was to protect the rights of catering truck owners and operators. Much of the discussion, which was facilitated by a 9. CAL. VEH. CODE et seq. (West 2000 & Supp. 2012). 10. See generally Kenneth Mann, Punitive Civil Sanctions: The Middleground Between Criminal and Civil Law, 101 YALE L.J. 1795, 1798 (1992) (arguing that punitive civil sanctions function as criminal punishment even though their procedural setting is civil ). 11. As discussed later in Part I, the explicit criminalization of a similar parking restriction in the unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County further persuaded me that the issue was one that belonged within a criminal clinic. See infra notes and accompanying text.
4 94 UC IRVINE LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2:91 volunteer English-Spanish interpreter, 12 focused on the toll that the city ordinance was taking on their ability to earn a living. 13 The members explained how their hard work over time had earned them the patronage of local customers who regularly purchased their food. The durational restriction had rendered their established business model obsolete. If they remained on the move, their customers could not find them. On the other hand, if they stayed in their regular spots, they could not afford to pay the fines. At the conclusion of this initial meeting, the leadership of the Asociación asked our clinic to research the new ordinance and to help the membership identify possible strategies for challenging it. This Part traces the students work over two distinct phases. In the first phase, our clinic counseled the Asociación on its options for pursing both legal and nonlegal remedies. 14 In the second phase, the clinic s role shifted to that of lawyers defending an individual member of the Asociación against the fines he received under the ordinance. A. The Organizational Phase: Contesting the Durational Restriction Street vending has a rich and complex legal history in Los Angeles. Vending of wares by individuals on the sidewalk has been banned in Los Angeles by local ordinance since the 1930s and is punishable by up to six months in jail. 15 In contrast, vending of food from stationary vehicles parked on city streets is explicitly permitted under state law, 16 although subject to a complex web of regulations governing its form and function. For example, mobile catering vendors, like their brick-and-mortar counterparts, must follow strict food safety and hygiene requirements. 17 In addition, operators must comply with regulations unique to the mobile catering industry, such as limitations on where trucks may sell food, 18 restrictions on purchasing and preparing food, 19 and requirements for waste disposal and bathroom facilities Thank you to Maria Dolorez Martin for her support of the clinic. For a discussion of the critical role of the interpreter in poverty lawyering, see Muneer I. Ahmad, Interpreting Communities: Lawyering Across Language Difference, 54 UCLA L. REV. 999, (2007). 13. L.A., CAL., MUN. CODE 80.73(b)(2)(F) (2011) (effective July 23, 2006). 14. For a thoughtful discussion of the various ethical and practice issues involved in counseling community groups, see Paul R. Tremblay, Counseling Community Groups, 17 CLINICAL L. REV. 389 (2010). 15. See generally L.A., CAL., MUN. CODE 42.00(b) (2011) ( No person... shall on any sidewalk... offer for sale... any goods, wares or merchandise which the public may purchase at any time. ); id (m) (making vending wares on the sidewalk a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to one thousand dollars and/or by imprisonment in the county jail for up to six months). 16. CAL. VEH. CODE 22455(a) (West 2000 & Supp. 2012) ( The driver of any commercial vehicle engaged in vending upon a street may vend products on a street in a residence district only after bringing the vehicle to a complete stop and lawfully parking adjacent to the curb. ). 17. CAL. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE (West 2006 & Supp. 2012). 18. See, e.g., L.A., CAL., MUN. CODE 56.08(c) (2011) (prohibiting catering trucks from blocking the public right-of-way); id (b)(2)(A)(5) (prohibiting sale of food within 500 feet of a school).
5 2012] LESSONS FROM THE LONCHEROS 95 Los Angeles first passed a law requiring the regular movement of mobile catering trucks in However, the law allowed vendors to return immediately to their original location and continue selling food to their customer base. It therefore imposed a significant inconvenience, but no genuine impediment, to the trade. Moreover, as experienced catering operators explained to the students, the 1991 law was rarely enforced. In 2006 Los Angeles amended the ordinance to require catering vehicles to remain parked in a distant location for a period of thirty or sixty minutes before returning to the original location to resume sales. 22 The students research on the new durational restriction soon focused on the relationship between the city s restrictive ordinance and a California state law that permits vending from commercial vehicles. As the students learned, under the California Vehicle Code commercial vehicles are permitted to sell food items, subject only to the requirement that they first stop and lawfully park before doing so. 23 California law also makes clear that the state scheme for mobile catering operation has preemptive force over conflicting municipal regulation. 24 The only exception to exclusive state-level control over mobile catering vehicles is for those local regulations that further the public safety. 25 The students investigation thus spotlighted the key legal question: Did state law preempt the Los Angeles ordinance? 26 If the ordinance legitimately furthered public safety, it fell within the proper jurisdiction of the city. However, if it was devised to advance a different goal, it improperly encroached on the exclusive 19. See, e.g., HEALTH & SAFETY (c) (requiring that catering trucks store their food at a commissary); id (requiring that at least one employee in each vehicle have a food-handler certificate). 20. See, e.g., id (requiring waste receptacles and disposal); id (a) (requiring that food trucks which remain in one location for more than one hour park within two hundred feet of a toilet and hand-washing facility). 21. L.A., CAL., ORDINANCE NO (1991) (codified as amended at L.A., CAL., MUN. CODE 80.73(b)(2)(F) (2011)), available at _ pdf. 22. L.A., CAL., ORDINANCE No (effective July 23, 2006) (codified at L.A., CAL., MUN. CODE 80.73(b)(2)(F) (2011)), available at ord _ pdf. 23. CAL. VEH. CODE 22455(a) (West 2000 & Supp. 2012). 24. Id. 21 ( Except as otherwise expressly provided, the provisions of this code are applicable and uniform throughout the state and in all counties and municipalities therein, and a local authority shall not enact or enforce any ordinance or resolution on the matters covered by this code... unless expressly authorized by this code. ). 25. Id (b) ( Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section of the Health and Safety Code or any other provision of law, a local authority may, by ordinance or resolution, adopt additional requirements for the public safety regulating the type of vending and the time, place, and manner of vending from vehicles upon any street. (emphasis added)). 26. See CAL. CONST. art. XI, 7 ( A county or city may make and enforce within its limits all local, police, sanitary, and other ordinances and regulations not in conflict with general laws. ). See generally Sherwin-Williams Co. v. City of Los Angeles, 4 Cal.4th 893, 897 (1993) (local legislation that conflicts with state law is preempted by state law).
6 96 UC IRVINE LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2:91 state authority to regulate the parking of such vehicles. 27 Since there was no contemporaneous public record of the underlying rationale for the 2006 amendment, 28 the students searched for evidence to cast doubt on the link between the durational restriction, its enforcement, and public safety. Through the course of their research, three possible rationales for the city ordinance emerged: crime reduction, competition restriction, and racial discrimination. 1. Crime Crime reduction is often cited as a public safety rationale for restricting catering trucks. Vigorous enforcement of order-maintenance laws like parking restrictions for mobile eateries has been associated with the so-called broken windows theory of policing. 29 Central to the broken windows approach is the belief that crime rates will rise if public disorder is left uncontrolled. The notion, taken from George Kelling and James Wilson s 1982 Atlantic Monthly essay on the topic, is that if one window is left broken and unrepaired, soon all of the building s windows will be broken. 30 Therefore, to keep crime under control, law enforcement must start from the bottom and stringently enforce petty infractions. Such theories of policing have been influential in cities like New York and Los Angeles, although subject to sharp criticism in academic circles. For example, Bernard Harcourt concluded in his comprehensive study of New York City policing that there is no statistically significant relationship between public disorder enforcement and the commission of more serious crimes such as assault, burglary, and rape. 31 Still, application of this theory retains strong support among many city officials, including in Los Angeles, where it was adopted when William Bratton became chief of police in In his previous position as police commissioner for New York City, Bratton gained nationwide notoriety for his adherence to zero-tolerance policing strategies. 33 His ideas had immediate 27. See generally Barajas v. City of Anaheim, 19 Cal. Rptr. 2d 764 (Ct. App. 1993) (concluding that the California state legislature has demonstrated its intent that laws regulating vendors selling from motorized contraptions is unquestionably a matter of statewide concern rather than merely a municipal affair ). 28. Neither the City Attorney s report to City Council regarding the draft ordinance nor the final version of the ordinance itself contained an analysis of the reasons animating the change. L.A. City Council File No , fa=ccfi.viewrecord&cfnumber= (last visited Jan. 11, 2012). 29. James Q. Wilson & George Kelling, Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety, ATLANTIC MONTHLY, Mar. 1982, at Id. 31. Bernard E. Harcourt, Reflecting on the Subject: A Critique of the Social Influence Conception of Deterrence, the Broken Windows Theory, and Order-Maintenance Policing New York Style, 97 MICH. L. REV. 291, 293, (1998). 32. Bernard E. Harcourt, Bratton s Broken Windows, L.A. TIMES, Apr. 20, 2006, at B WILLIAM BRATTON WITH PETER KNOBLER, TURNAROUND: HOW AMERICA S TOP COP REVERSED THE CRIME EPIDEMIC (1998).
7 2012] LESSONS FROM THE LONCHEROS 97 resonance with Los Angeles lawmakers. 34 As applied to catering trucks, the broken windows argument is simple: the sale of food on city streets encourages people to congregate, thus increasing criminal activity and attracting criminal elements to neighborhoods. 35 Restricting street vending, so the argument goes, can help to reduce overall crime rates. As one Los Angeles legislator revealed, the effort to restrict food truck parking was based on the broken windows concept. 36 Without vigilant enforcement of taco trucks, it becomes a free-for-all in the street. 37 Los Angeles police officers assigned to the Vice Squad unit that tickets lunch trucks have also echoed the broken windows rationale, citing blight and crime as the two primary reasons why parking restrictions should be enforced. 38 Similarly, Vice Squad patrol officers articulate the belief that catering vendors foster criminal activity by encouraging their customers to be outside, on the street, where they may be exposed [to crime] as opposed to staying out of harm s way. 39 If crime control was indeed the theory that the city would advance, could it succeed in showing that taco trucks and crime are in fact linked in practice? The students were assisted in analyzing this question by their discovery of a 2006 case in which a group of vendors challenged a similar durational ordinance in the nearby city of Santa Ana, California. 40 In defending the city s ninety-minute food truck parking limit, Santa Ana took the broken windows theory to trial. Presenting its case complete with an expert witness, the city attorney argued that mobile eateries begin a vicious cycle by causing people to congregate outside which, in turn, causes neighborhoods to deteriorate (beginning with trampling of grass in the parkway) and, ultimately, invites criminal activity. 41 The trial judge was not 34. As one City Councilman explained, [i]f you see a neighborhood go down, it causes urban problems to accelerate. Jessica Garrison, No Issue Too Small for L.A. Council, L.A. TIMES, Sept. 28, 2004, at A1 (quoting L.A. City Councilman Tom LaBonge). 35. See generally MITCHELL DUNEIER, SIDEWALK (1st paperback ed. 2001) (explaining how broken-windows policing has been vigorously applied to regulating sidewalk vending); Daniel M. Bluestone, The Pushcart Evil : Peddlers, Merchants, and New York City s Streets, , 18 J. URB. HIST. 68, 69 (1991) (offering an historical analysis of how turn-of-the-century proposals for banning pushcarts reflected upper-class ideals of public decorum and social separation ); Linda M. Ricci, Hawking Neighborhood Justice: Unlicensed Vending in the Midtown Community Court, 12 YALE L. & POL Y REV. 231, 233 (1994) (arguing that unlicensed vending is representative of the quality-of-life crimes prosecuted in New York City). 36. Alfred Lee, L.A. Food Trucks Set to Serve Up Battle for Rights, L.A. BUS. J., June 21, 2010, at 6 (quoting L.A. City Councilman Tom LaBonge). 37. Id. 38. Jesús Hermosillo, Locheras: A Look at the Stationary Food Trucks of Los Angeles, (Sept. 2010) (unpublished M.A. thesis, UCLA), available at reports/locheras.pdf. 39. Id. at Thank you to attorney Randall Guritzky, who litigated the Santa Ana case on behalf of a group of mobile catering vendors, for sharing his expertise with our clinic. 41. Minute Order Granting Entry of Preliminary Injunction, Vasquez v. City of Santa Ana, No. 05CC13450, at 2, 6 8 (Orange Cnty. Super. Ct. Aug. 18, 2006).
8 98 UC IRVINE LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2:91 persuaded by the city s defense and flatly refused to find that the durational restriction promoted public safety. 42 Vague assertions that the sale of food on the streets increased crime rates were simply too unsubstantiated to carry the day in court. To the extent that Los Angeles strikingly similar law was also conceived as a measure to reduce crime, the students felt that the city would encounter similar problems of proof. 2. Competition A second rationale for regulating Los Angeles lunch trucks that the students encountered was competition. 43 The competition argument proceeds as follows: catering trucks sell inexpensive, tasty food in the vicinity of existing restaurants, thereby unfairly luring customers from brick-and-mortar establishments that incur higher overhead costs. Indeed, Los Angeles officials who cast votes in favor of durational restrictions are often heard articulating precisely this concern. Los Angeles County Supervisor Gloria Molina, a proponent of durational restrictions, has described the problem as a turf war that goes on between the vendors and the merchants. 44 Members of the Los Angeles City Council have explained the predicament more candidly to the Los Angeles Times, accusing catering trucks of brazenly parking near restaurants and stealing their business. 45 In the past, Los Angeles has been explicit in its legislative aim to protect restaurants from sidewalk competition. In 1978 the city passed an ordinance banning the sale of victuals on public streets within one hundred feet of an entrance to a brick-and-mortar establishment. 46 Los Angeles lawyer Philip Greenwald, a pioneer in the field of mobile catering law, challenged the law on behalf of his client, Ala Carte Catering Company. After receiving numerous parking citations, Ala Carte was prosecuted by the city attorney. However, Greenwald and his client emerged victorious, convincing the trial court to dismiss 42. Id. at 12 ( The short answer is that the City of Santa Ana has not demonstrated a specific public safety issue, either criminal or traffic, associated with the activities of the vendors.... Absent a specific verifiable public safety problem, the court cannot say that either of the solutions, by regulating their hours or requiring their movement, meets the requirements of a public safety exception to the clearly preempted area of street vending. ). 43. See Bluestone, supra note 35, at (citing competition as a major tension surrounding the banishing of pushcarts from the streets in the early 1900s). 44. Jean-Paul Renaud, Curbing East L.A. Taco Trucks: Restrictions Loom as Restaurants Complain That the Vendors Are Hurting Business, L.A. TIMES, Apr. 14, 2008, at B See, e.g., Jessica Garrison, Food Trucks May Hit Detour, L.A. TIMES, Sept. 4, 2003, at B1 (quoting City Councilwoman Janice Hahn as favoring increased catering truck regulation because some catering trucks are stationing themselves in front of restaurants and stealing their business ); Phil Willon, Taco Trucks Can Just Stay Put, Court Says, L.A. TIMES, June 11, 2009, at A6 (quoting Los Angeles City Councilman Dennis Zine explaining that durational restrictions are needed because [w]hat happens is that these guys go and park near restaurants, and that hurts the restaurants business ). 46. L.A., CAL., ORDINANCE No (effective March 19, 1978) (invalidated by People v. Ala Carte Catering Co., 159 Cal. Rptr. 479 (App. Dep t Super. Ct. 1979)).
9 2012] LESSONS FROM THE LONCHEROS 99 the charge under the rationale that the city s ordinance discriminated economically against catering truck operations and amounted to nothing more than an unconstitutional naked restraint of trade. 47 The students research on the competition rationale put them in touch with other legal organizations that challenge government-erected barriers to individual rights. For example, the Institute for Justice (IJ), a libertarian public interest law firm, was at the time interested in taking on street vending as one of its priority issues. 48 In IJ s view, laws that restrict vending usually serve no purpose other than to burden entrepreneurs, sustain the city s bureaucracy or protect other businesses from competition. 49 In the process, such laws interfere with the right of street vendors to earn an honest living. 50 In 2010 IJ would launch a National Street Vending Initiative by filing a highly publicized federal lawsuit against the city of El Paso, Texas. Specifically, the suit asked the court to invalidate an ordinance that made it illegal to operate a food truck within one thousand feet of any restaurant, convenience store, or grocery. 51 El Paso responded just three months later by repealing the challenged food truck restriction. 52 To the extent that rooting out competition was the purpose of the new Los Angeles ordinance, the students believed that the law would be susceptible to a preemption claim. Eliminating competitors to brick-and-mortar restaurants is clearly distinct from promoting public safety. The city would be hard-pressed to promote the competition rationale as a legitimate legal ground for keeping taco trucks on the move. In the context of their ongoing organizing work, the members of the Asociación had already developed a sophisticated understanding of policymakers competition concerns. To respond to this widely disseminated critique of mobile vending, the Asociación began a campaña de educación or educational campaign that emphasizes its members right to earn an honest living and engage in oldfashioned American competition. 53 After all, catering operators are entrepreneurs: 47. Ala Carte Catering Co., 159 Cal. Rptr. at 481, 484 (quoting and affirming the trial court s dismissal of the charges). 48. See About IJ: Our Mission, INSTITUTE FOR JUSTICE, (last visited Feb. 9, 2011). For a comprehensive study of conservative cause lawyers, see ANN SOUTHWORTH, LAWYERS OF THE RIGHT: PROFESSIONALIZING THE CONSERVATIVE COALITION (2008). 49. MICHAEL BINDAS, L.A. VS. SMALL BUSINESS: CITY OF ANGELS NO HEAVEN FOR ENTREPRENEURS 3 (2010), available at Business-City-of-Angels-No-Heaven-for-Entrepreneurs. 50. See Web Release, El Paso Mobile Food Vendors File Major Federal Lawsuit Against City, INSTITUTE FOR JUSTICE (Jan. 26, 2011), 51. Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief, Castaneda v. City of El Paso, No. EP- 11-CV-35-KC, at 1 (W.D. Tex. Jan. 26, 2010) (arguing that the El Paso regulation violates the Due Process and Privileges or Immunities Clauses of both the United States and Texas Constitutions). 52. See Web Release, Victory for El Paso Mobile Food Vendors, INSTITUTE FOR JUSTICE (Apr. 26, 2011), 53. Glenn, supra note 5.
10 100 UC IRVINE LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2:91 they own their businesses, set their own hours, and establish their own prices. 54 And, as the members joked with the students, maybe a restaurant that cannot compete with a taco truck should not be in business after all. The vendors ongoing campaign thus seeks to destabilize the unfair competition rationale by embracing the virtues of competition, publicizing the vendors strict adherence to applicable licensing and sanitation laws, and fostering cooperative relationships with local business owners Race A third potential factor motivating the regulation of loncheros was racial discrimination. Isn t this all about race? one of my students bluntly asked the vendors during our first meeting. She was certainly not alone in suspecting discrimination. As Regina Austin argued in her foundational Yale Law Journal essay on black street vendors, historically race has strongly influenced debates over whether to allow vending in public space. 56 More broadly, scholars have documented ties between broken windows-style policing and racially discriminatory enforcement practices. 57 A silence fell over the room after the student s question was translated into Spanish. Her seemingly simple question was, after all, exceedingly complex. In part, she was asking whether the city s ticketing of vendors might be targeted 54. For a sampling of scholarship identifying the often-overlooked entrepreneurial aspect of immigrant work in industries such as day labor and street vending, see ROGER WALDINGER ET AL., ETHNIC ENTREPRENEURS: IMMIGRANT BUSINESS IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES (1990), Yvonne V. Jones, Street Peddlers as Entrepreneurs: Economic Adaptation to an Urban Area, 17 URB. ANTHROPOLOGY & STUD. CULTURAL SYS. & WORLD ECON. DEV. 143 (1988), and Abel Valenzuela Jr., Day Laborers as Entrepreneurs, 27 J. ETHNIC & MIGRATION STUD. 335 (2001). 55. Glenn, supra note Regina Austin, An Honest Living : Street Vendors, Municipal Regulation, and the Black Public Sphere, 103 YALE L.J (1994). See also Gregg W. Kettles, Legal Responses to Sidewalk Vending: The Case of Los Angeles, California, in STREET ENTREPRENEURS: PEOPLE, PLACE AND POLITICS IN LOCAL AND GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE 58, 72 (John Cross & Alfonso Morales eds., 2007) ( Though rarely expressed directly, many opponents of sidewalk vending reject the practice because it signifies the rise of a foreign culture that threatens the status of their own. ). In the closely related context of day laborers, Stephen Munzer has similarly argued that opposition may stem from unease over groups of men, especially Latinos, standing together; concern that they will take jobs from real Americans; and opposition to immigrants and especially to illegal immigrants. Stephen R. Munzer, Ellickson on Chronic Misconduct in Urban Spaces: Of Panhandlers, Bench Squatters, and Day Laborers, 32 HARV. C.R.- C.L. L. REV. 1, 34 (1997). 57. See, e.g., MICHELLE ALEXANDER, THE NEW JIM CROW: MASS INCARCERATION IN THE AGE OF COLORBLINDNESS 11 (2010) (arguing that zero-tolerance policing strategies can effectively funnel youth of color from schools to jails ); Dorothy E. Roberts, Forward: Race, Vagueness, and the Social Meaning of Order-Maintenance Policing, 89 J. CRIM. L. & CRIMINOLOGY 775, 779 (1999) (highlighting the potential of order-maintenance policing to enforce and magnify racist norms of presumed Black criminality ); Gary Stewart, Black Codes and Broken Windows: The Legacy of Racial Hegemony in Anti-Gang Civil Injunctions, 107 YALE L.J. 2249, (1998) (claiming that while broken-windows type laws, such as vagrancy laws, are facially race-neutral,... implementation of these laws was often targeted at minority communities ).
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text:
Honoree: Bartha Audio Visual Inc.
There were a lot of things that John Killacky didn't fully realize before he decided to leave behind his first career to buy a struggling 22-employee family business.
One was how well a company could flourish through the collective efforts of a small group of talented individuals working together to provide a service for others. He had always paid more attention to the notion of small businesses as makers or purveyors of some product or device, Killacky said.
"We don't make anything," said Killacky, who with his brother-in-law and neighbor in 2004 bought Bartha Audio Visual Inc., an event production company. "You have an event, a time and a place and then all you have at the end is a memory."
But when considering buying out Bartha from a member of its founding family, the 43-year-old former insurance salesman said it quickly became clear that in addition to Bartha's name, client list and an inadequate inventory of equipment, the company didn't have much else to build on besides its work force, Killacky said.
"We got talent and people," he said.
That work force served as a platform for Killacky and his partners to build on with better equipment, additional staffers, a bigger facility and a more collegial culture.
The company has grown rapidly since its takeover, with its roster expanding to 40 and revenue in 2008 reaching $7.5 million, more than double the event business' $3.2 million in 2005 sales. It now puts on 300 to 350 events per year for corporate, association and religious clients, up from about 200 in 2005.
The company was the honoree of the ColumbusChamber's 2009 Small Business Leader Award for companies with annual revenue exceeding $5 million.
Leap of faith
By 2005, Bartha, which was founded in 1946, was struggling and the only unit making a profit was its event production division. Other components of the company included audiovisual sales and installation – a division Killacky and his partners didn't buy because the field was littered with competitors.
"A lot of people do sales and installation," he said.
Killacky said it was clear to him that the event production side of the shop would grow if it was given more resources and direction. "Back then this piece was the red-headed stepchild," he said. "It was the smallest in scope in terms of sales but the only piece making money."
The unit was being led by Dan Bashore, a 25-year Bartha veteran and Killacky's neighbor. It was in getting to know Bashore that Killacky got to know Bartha, and its potential for growth if the events portion of the business was split off, said Killacky, who had sold insurance to the company in the past.
"My brother-in-law is an entrepreneur and a CPA, and we had always said, 'Let's quit this racket,' " Killacky said. So the trio formed, got bank financing and closed the purchase of Bartha Aug. 1, 2005.
Bashore oversees operations, Killacky runs sales and business development and his brother-in-law, Tom Gabbert, oversees the company's bookkeeping and finances.
Internal tweaks
Bartha's story has always been one of evolution. It was founded in 1946 as a purveyor of presentation materials and equipment, mostly for schools. Its wares included chalk boards and overhead projectors during its early years, Killacky said.
It evolved in the 1970s and '80s as companies began to use more high-tech audiovisual equipment in boardrooms and elsewhere. In the mid-1980s, prices decreased on equipment – such as powerful projectors – that led more companies and organizations to incorporate high-tech audiovisual presentations into their gatherings, Killacky said.
After dumping the installation side of the business and focusing on the event side, Bartha owners took aim at the work force, which he intimated was overworked. The solution? Hire more people and cut back on the number of hours each person worked.
"They're working 100 hours a week, so maybe they could work 80 and we'll get more people," said Killacky, who travels about 35,000 miles per year to market the company and check up on clients.
The culture at the business changed, too.
Employees with problems or new ideas used to approach Bashore with their concerns, but he was not the company's top decision maker and so had limited authority to respond, Killacky said.
Today, there are few communication barriers between rank-and-file employees and management, he said.
Bartha always seems to have it together, said Amy Stinger, manager of conference planning for Alexandria, Va.-based Catholic Charities USA, which has an annual meeting that has been put on by Bartha for the past three years.
The company has bested competitors on price, but has also distinguished itself in subtler, but still important, areas, Stinger said.
"The on-site crews are wonderful," she said. "I seem to run across most of the same people every year, and I think they're trying to keep the same group every year."
"They're a well-oiled machine," she said.
And just in case they weren't, Killacky "always is calling afterward" just to make sure, she said.
Bartha Audio Visual Inc.
- Business: Manages and stages the audiovisual aspects of events and meetings for corporations, associations, religious groups and other organizations. Also rents equipment.
- Based: Columbus
- Principals: John Killacky, Dan Bashore, Tom Gabbert
- Total employees: 40
- 2008 revenue: $7.5 million
- Honoree: Over $5 million annual revenue category
- Web site: barthavisual.com
614-220-5450 | email@example.com


text:
|1,095 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|7 nights
Paradise Beach Club 443 is a proud part of the "Stay In Cocoa Beach" collection of beachfront properties, the largest owner of vacation rentals on the Space Coast! Visit or email us to learn more.
At Paradise Beach Club you will quickly realize why the area is a favourite vacation destination in Florida. This remarkable, direct Oceanfront, penthouse unit has everything you need for a perfect and relaxing stay. Enjoy the beautiful, direct oceanfront views from your private balcony and throughout the unit. This two bedroom, two full bathroom, oceanfront unit is a must see! Take in the ocean views from throughout the unit, including excellent views from your master bedroom.
The unit is also stocked with beach accessories for your enjoyment, including beach chairs, boogie boards, umbrella, toys, towels and a cooler. The master bedroom has a king bed, large plasma TV and stunning views of the ocean. The second bedroom has two twin beds and flat screen TV. The living room has a pull-out sofa if required. There is also free wireless internet available.
Enjoy all the amenities you want right on site including two BBQ stations, two fenced dog parks, bocce ball, shuffleboard, fitness room overlooking the pool and Ocean, and heated pool. The building is conveniently located only 20 minutes from Melbourne International Airport, an hour from Orlando International Airport and 15 minutes South of Cocoa Beach. Everything you need is conveniently located close by including a large Publix (grocery store) and movie theater right across the street. There are also plenty of excellent restaurants located within a short drive.
By renting with the Stay in Cocoa Beach Family, you are guaranteeing yourself an easy, hassle-free vacation. We are available for you to call at any time and are always happy to answer any questions you may have. Together, my siblings and I have been renting in the Space Coast area for over 10 years.
If you have a group or would like to learn more about us, please visit our website. On our site you can easily compare all of our properties.
We are a family business that for over a decade has prided ourselves in providing exceptional beach-front vacation properties & outstanding customer service. We own and manage the largest selection of properties in the area, all of which are fully licensed and registered. We are the proud recipient of Flipkey's most recent Top Vacation Rental award!
Visit our website to see the full collection, so you can find the perfect beach-home for your next getaway!
The view is amazing! Honestly feel like you just can't get any closer to the beach. The beach is great, not too many people. The property itself is a little dated, not much money is put back into the place in my opinion. That's not an issue for us as the most important thing was the view, which again, was great. The owner, Drew, was very easy to deal with and very pleasant. I would highly recommend this place and we would love to come back. Five stars!!!!!
the condo was very clean had everything you needed in the kitchen very nice view from the balcony to the ocean pool very clean property was very nice TVs in every room two full baths toys for the kids to take to the pool or beach drew answered all my questions promptly my family will defiantly be booking to stay in the near future i give it 10 stars wonderful place .i will be recommending the place to all my friends and family
I have been visiting the Satellite Beach area for over 10 years now and have stayed in MANY different condos. This was just what we were looking for. Well furnished condo, beautiful oceanfront view and a quiet building that was well maintained. We love the area and having found this particular condo unit, I think we have found our go to place to stay! We are already planning next years getaway!
The location is wonderful. Close to groceries, restaurants and easy access to Orlando, Cocoa and Cape Canaveral.
Drew was great! Very prompt in answering any questions I had and he kept me up to date on every step of the process.
Let me start by saying this was the first time I've ever booked a property on a non hotel site like Hotwire or Orbitz. The process was a bit unnerving because there's always that little voice in your head that says 'is it safe and secure to spend that kind of money?' So I can appreciate anyone out there reading this whose felt the same way. With that said, this process was very easy and reassuring. Drew handled any/all of my questions with quick responses and made the overall experience personable.
The unit itself is fabulous. I'm not sure how else to describe it. My wife, two year old daughter and I traveled with our closest friends and their 1 year old son. They vacation far less than we do but at the end of our stay called it quite possibly the best vacation they've ever been on.
-The view has to be #1. It's what I was seeking when booking this trip. As someone who works 11+ hour days every day, I wanted a vacation with no day-to-day plans, but instead one where I could beat the kids up, enjoy a cup of coffee on the patio, then hang out on it throughout the day and after the kids went to bed we sat outside and watched and listened to the waves crash.
-Proximity to the beach. The second most important factor for me was the proximity of the rental to the beach. I didn't want to look out over a grassy field or great distance to see and hear the ocean. In all of my dozens of click throughs on other units, I was never able to find one with better proximity to the beach.
-Amenities. Having pots and pans, silverware, a coffee pot and a fully loaded kitchen was huge for us. We made breakfast and lunch at the rental each day as we're ones to not want to go out to eat for every meal. Having the closet stocked full of beach toys for the kids was a treat in and of itself as it provided hours of entertainment for them on the beach. A simple investment for any rental, but such a nice gesture and fulfilling thing for kids. An abundance of towels and extra linens were also nice to have as well as onsite laundry.
-Proximity to area businesses. Having a Publix kitty-corner across the street was great. It was simple to walk or drive there whenever we needed something. Also having a Walgreen's within a couple blocks was great as well. Not to mention a Taco Bell, Dunkin Donut and other places to eat.
Overall, just a wonderful rental and great experience. My family will be back.
This is a wonderful condo and the perfect location in the complex. The view of both beach and pool was great. The PBC is a nice place and located close to the many beach parks. The entire condo complex is very nice. The updates that have been done in the unit are very nice. Comforter should be laundered or better yet removed. Master bath needs remodeled, it has not been updated as stated, but is clean, just wore out. I agree with other reviews regarding the paint, needs wall repair and better paint. But, we loved it overall and I recommend highly.
We were very pleased with the unit and the entire building. Drew delivered on everything he and the photos promised. The biggest plus is the view and proximity to the ocean. So soothing. The location is perfect: convenient to stores, restaurants, amenities, but away from the congestion you find in Cocoa Beach. A few small items need to be addressed: some painting, bed linens. Otherwise, perfect, and excellent value for the money.
The complex is located 20 minutes from Melbourne Airport, 20 minutes from the Cocoa Beach Pier, and an hour away from the Orlando Airport and Disneyworld.


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Hemodynamic and symptomatic effects of acute interventions on tilt in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome
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- Accepted:
- Citations
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A variety of approaches have been used to alleviate symptoms in postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Drugs reported to be of benefit include midodrine, propranolol, clonidine, and phenobarbital. Other measures used include volume expansion and physical countermaneuvers. These treatments may influence pathophysiologic mechanisms of POTS such as α-receptor dysfunction, β-receptor supersensitivity, venous pooling, and brainstem center dysfunction. The authors prospectively studied hemodynamic indices and symptom scores in patients with POTS who were acutely treated with a variety of interventions. Twenty-one subjects who met the criteria for POTS were studied (20 women, 1 man; mean age, 28.7±6.8 y; age range, 14–39 y). Patients were studied with a 5-minute headup tilt protocol, ECG monitoring, and noninvasive beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring, all before and after the administration of an intervention (intravenous saline, midodrine, propranolol, clonidine, or phenobarbital). The hemodynamic indices studied were heart rate (ECG) and systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure. Patients used a balanced verbal scale to record any change in their symptoms between the tilts. Symptom scores improved significantly after the patients received midodrine and saline. Midodrine and propranolol reduced the resting heart rate response to tilt (p<0.005) and the immediate and 5-minute heart rate responses to tilt (p<0.002). Clonidine accentuated the immediate decrease in blood pressure on tilt up (p<0.05). It was concluded that midodrine and intravenous saline are effective in decreasing symptoms on tilt in patients with POTS when given acutely. Effects of treatments on heart rate and blood pressure responses generally reflected the known pharmacologic mechanisms of the agents.
Key wordsPOTS treatment midodrine saline β-blocker
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818 Lalande Rd
Sturgeon Falls, ON P2B2V4 CanadaGet Directions
From Sudbury: Eastbound on Hwy 17 into Sturgeon Falls. Turn right at Leblanc Road, follow approximately 3 km. From North Bay: Westbound on Hwy 17 through Sturgeon Falls. Turn left at Leblanc Road, follow approximately 3 km. GPS: N46.348792, W79.967327Get Google Directions
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Whether you're looking for a base camp to explore the area or lots of fun activities right on the campground, KOA Holidays are great getaways. There's plenty to do, with amenities and services to match the way you camp. KOA Holidays even have our new Deluxe Cabins with full baths and kitchens! Take a hike, see the local attractions or just relax. It's your holiday!


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The purpose of the ORD Shared Equipment Program is to review proposals and make recommendations for funding of common resource shared equipment or core animal facility major equipment to be used in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers to support biomedical research on behalf of investigators associated with all ORD services.
Applications must now be submitted through grants.gov. Please refer to the RFA for detailed instructions. (Note: The RFA is available on the intranet only. If you have intranet access copy and paste http://vaww.research.va.gov/funding/docs/BX-14-015.doc into your browser.)