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Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
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1 Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce An open access Internet journal (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/) Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, August 2011, vol. 16, no.2 (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/) Seven Unique Differentiation Strategies to Online Businesses: A Comprehensive Review of Malaysia Airline System (MAS) Mohd Zulkeflee Abd Razak Senior Lecturer, Department of Marketing and Entrepreneur Development, College of Business and Accounting, Universiti Tenaga Nasional. Postal Address: Department of Marketing and Entrepreneur Development, College of Business and Accounting, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Campus, 26700, Bandar Muadzam Shah, Pahang, Malaysia Author's Personal/Organizational Website: Mohd Zulkeflee Abd Razak research interests include Services Marketing, Retailing, International Business and Cross-cultural Issues, Accounting, Banking and Financial Instrument-based Services. To date, he has presented and published his research at national and international conferences and in journals such as Computer Information Systems (CIS) and International Business Research (IBR), the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, and Sustaining Competitiveness in a Liberalised Economy: the Role of Accounting. Azleen Ilias Senior Lecturer, Department of Accounting, College of Business and Accounting, Universiti Tenaga Nasional. Postal Address: Department of Accounting, College of Business and Accounting, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Campus, 26700, Bandar Muadzam Shah, Pahang, Malaysia Author's Personal/Organizational Website:
2 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No Her research is focused on Services in Computerised Accounting Systems, Financial and Management Accounting Practice and Social Responsibility Reporting. To date, she has published her research in academic journals such as Computer Information Systems (CIS) and International Business Research (IBR), the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, and Sustaining Competitiveness in a Liberalised Economy: the Role of Accounting. Abstract Differentiation is defined as the process of adding a set of meaningful and valued differences to distinguish the company s offering from competitors offerings (Kotler, 2003, p. 315). The created value as obtain from being difference is to enhance the standard, performance review and establishment of one s company. Therefore it s important to strategize company s differences in boosting up the profit, achievement and acknowledgement. The main purpose of the case study is to review and evaluate MAS s website by applying Seven Unique Differentiation Strategies to Online Businesses (site environment/ atmospherics, making the intangible tangible, building trust, efficiency and timely order processing, pricing, CRM and enhancing the experience). In this study, qualitative data from MAS s website was analyzed and discussed through proposed concise list of Seven Unique Differentiation Strategies to Online Businesses by Strauss and Frost, The study is expected to improve the differentiation of organization s image and service information availability and accessibility on the Web in future. Finally, Researches agree to look into further the changes that should be made to enhance the Air Asia website evaluations and that changes are pertaining to virtual tours, appealing the 3-D images, immediate customer response and better On Time Acknowledgement for MAS s CRM. Keywords: Differentiation Strategy, Online Business, Web Evaluation, and Malaysia Airline System (MAS). Zulkeflee and Azleen, 2011 INTRODUCTION IT-driven strategy is where a technology facilitates the provision of customized offerings, accurate segmentation and supplies the crucial loop of information which sustains the dialogue (McKenna, 1991; Mueller-Heumann, 1992). IT ensures that companies can track customers on an individual basis, subsequently converting selected customers into loyalists and eliminating the less desirable ones from their portfolio (Jones and Sasser, 1995). The internet is becoming an indispensable tool for companies that emphasise a
3 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No customer-service orientation (Levenburg, 2005). A study conducted in Singapore found that three of the top four major commercial uses of the internet were services-related including conducting electronic transactions, gathering feedback from customers, and providing customer service and support (Soh et al., 1997). Wallace et al. (2004) found that if customers have multiple channels (including the internet) for interaction and purchase, they are much more likely to be satisfied and loyal. Because perceived value influences the satisfaction, retention, and loyalty of customers, this is of significant strategic importance to most retailers (Gale, 1994). It has been established that retailers who are more optimistic about the internet's ability to enhance sales and profits attach greater importance to the use of e-commerce applications, and retailers who make more extensive use of internet applications are more likely to reap e-commerce benefits, especially increased net profits (Levenburg, 2005). Malaysia Airlines is on track to roll out electronic ticketing by September this year with the completion of its customer airlines check-in system cutover to the new SITA Departure Control System. According to the airline, this allows the 15 airlines including Jet Airways, Royal Brunei and Kuwait Airways, which are served by Malaysia Airlines as the ground handling agent, to check in eticket passengers along with paper ticket customers. This cutover for the customer airlines represents phase one of Malaysia Airlines RM400 million Passenger Services System rollout to upgrade all IT infrastructure to facilitate the airline s move to the International Air Transport Association s (IATA) standard eticketing. According to Malaysia Airlines Senior General Manager Transition Management, Dr. Amin Khan, they are on track to be eticketing capable by 21 September This move will bring many benefits to Malaysia Airlines. In addition to an initial savings of RM20 million as replace the paper tickets, etickets are cheaper to process, provide higher levels of customer service and are easier to sell through different channels. Researchers believe that the existence of website as the key element of connection between internet retailing and customers has become the main idea of why this study is done. While early work focused on demographic characteristics of internet shoppers (such as age, income, education, gender and race) as important predictors of internet usage for information search and buying, other studies found that a wired lifestyle, time constraints (Bellman et al., 1999) and attitudes toward technology (Modahl, 2000) were more important determinants. As for the work on online shopping behaviour, various determinants of consumers' propensity to shop in online environments have been proposed. The emerging list is far from definitive and includes determinants such as transaction security, vendor quality, pricing issues, information and service quality, system quality, online privacy, trust, shopping enjoyment and perceived product quality (Liao and Cheung, 2001; Saeed et al., 2003; Miyazaki and Fernandez, 2001; Chen and Dubinsky, 2003). A related group of studies is specifically concerned with online purchasing as opposed to online shopping behaviour. Given that information search is the primary reason for internet use in the UK (Office for National Statistics, 2001 cited in Waite and Harrison, 2002), it is not surprising that there is much evidence of consumers using the internet to window shop (or browse) for product information. For online retailers the issue of converting these surfers into purchasers or regular buyers remains problematic (Mayer, 2002). Reasons given for the online browsing rather than buying phenomenon broadly consist either of explanations for why consumers may be reluctant from the outset to purchase online (e.g. due to shipping costs, inadequate
4 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No information, or security fears), or why consumers abandon the online purchasing process mid-way (e.g. due to technical complexities or ineffective systems). In this study, researches focus into the ability of MAS s Website in meeting up with the global trends of customers acceptance. The purposes of the case study are: 1. To review and evaluate MAS s website based on site environment/ atmospherics 2. To review and evaluate MAS s website based on making the intangible tangible 3. To review and evaluate MAS s website based on building trust 4. To review and evaluate MAS s website based on efficiency and timely order processing 5. To review and evaluate MAS s website based on pricing 6. To review and evaluate MAS s website based on CRM 7. To review and evaluate MAS s website based on enhancing the experience LITERATURE REVIEW As referred to Warren Buffett, Chairman of Berkshire Securities, "Price is what you pay - value is what you get" and further elaborated by George Torok as deliver value that your customers recognize, appreciate and reward. If you want your customers to value what you offer - you must demonstrate that you value them and their money, risk, time, staff, business, and needs. Value implies trust so start by building trust. Always underpromise and overdeliver. These areguments are supported when To be difference is unique and to be unique is creating a value. A value is what you get considered as a return or benefits that can only be evaluated once you consumed or patronized a visible or an invisible item or action by Mohd Zulkeflee et al. (2008) The growth in the use of an interest in the Internet has lead to the belief among many Internet analysts that it is having or will have profound impacts on the way service firms such as insurance companies, law firms, distributors of, for example, music and news and financial service firms will do business in the future (e.g Dannenberg and Kellner, 1998). The internet is believed to change the way firms interact with their customers and thus the way they initiate, develop and terminate the relationships with them (Mols N.P., 2000). Peters (1998) notes that Internet commerce may well move close to personal selling and Dannenberg and Kellner (1998) even argue that available technology will make the differences between person-to-person counsel at an office and by the Internet negligible except for the costs and the convenience. Other analysts content that most consumers are likely to be tied to virtual communities, which will offer great potential for developing loyal customers and increased market share for some firms (Barnatt, 1998). The internet may also make it easier for the consumers to search and compare the offerings of different firms. This means that the market will become more transparent, leading to increased price competition in businesses which offer easily comparable services and which are unable to built significant switching barriers or close relationships with the customers. This will increase competition, which will become fierce and profits will drop (Birch and Young, 1997; Evans and Wurster, 1997; Bakos, 1991).
5 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No Differentiation Strategies Kotler defines differentiation as the process of adding a set of meaningful and valued differences to distinguish the company s offering from competitors offerings (Kotler, 2003, p. 315). A firm can differentiate its offering along five dimensions: product, services, personnel, channel, and image (Kotler, 2003). These dimensions are discussed as follows: Product Differentiation Traditional offline differentiation emphasized the product dimension; the other areas have been used when little real difference exists between competing products. Companies still differentiate by product features online. However, the Internet s greatest contribution is in product line differentiation, that is, the literally limitless assortment of products that companies are able to offer and the ability to capitalize on this huge assortment as a platform to customize product offerings for individual customers. Internet marketing may have a major effect on product packaging. At present, marketers design most product packaging to appeal to consumers, be eye catching, compete with other products on store shelves, and sell the products. As more commerce is conducted online rather in retail stores, consumers might require products with more utilitarian packaging. Products purchased online will be shipped from the distributor directly to the consumer and, thus, never appear on retailers shelves. As a result, these products will not require the expensive, colourful packaging that is necessary for store display; nor will they require multiple layers of functional and display packaging. Service Differentiation Services can effectively differentiate an online business in several ways. Customer service is enhanced by the ability to receive customer feedback through 24 hours a day, even if telephone operators and customer service personnel are not available and this will show the ability to respond more rapidly (in real time) to customer concerns. Another aspect of service differentiation is the distribution of products ordered online. Some companies are specializing in the home delivery of products ordered online, thus differentiating their services from most traditional offline services. Other online services, such as online banking and securities trading, are becoming increasingly popular, differentiated both by the features they offer and the service consumption experiences. These services currently supplement traditional offline services, but as the world becomes more interconnected via the Internet, they may one day replace the traditional offline services. Personnel Differentiation In the past, personalized service and one-to-one relationships between merchants and consumers required costly skilled personnel. Now, the Internets allows companies to deliver their products and services through low-cost channels that automate the process and remove the expensive human element (Wells et all., 200, pg.32). By reducing a company s dependence on personnel to handle business transactions, the Internet leads to lower transaction cost, enabling a cost leadership advantage over offline companies. It also results in cist reduction for the end user and at the same time acts as a differentiation by providing higher levels of service at lower prices. (Chakravarthy, 2000, p.2). However, as more companies offer products and services online, the cost advantage between online and offline operations will gradually shrink over time.
6 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No Channel Differentiation The Internet doubles as a location-free and time-free distribution and communication channel. The Internet expands companies reach from local to global, 24 hours a day, and with a limitless assortment of products. Customers may order a wider variety of products, at any time, day or night, for shipment to any location in the world, in contrast to the limited product assortment and limited business hours of traditional brick-andmortar companies. Online channel differentiation occurs on multiple levels. First, companies that provide product or service information on the Web have an advantage over companies with no web presence by exploiting the Internet as a communication channel. Second, companies that conduct commercial transactions online capitalize on the advantage of the Internet s properties as a transaction and distribution channel. At a higher level is the differentiation of competitors Internet-related service offerings. For example, in the banking industry, one my provide a virtual pass book facility, while another may transact on behalf of the client, and a third may actually provide interactive portfolio management services to key account holders (Chakravarthy, 2000, p.2). Finally, highly specialized personal services- Do it yourself, Websites allows users to conduct activities such as transfer phone service and pay bills online. Image Differentiation Karl Cluck of Razorfish, recommends that online marketers must enhance the user s online experience in order to entice potential customers to buy ( New York E- Commerce, 2000, p.1). A company can differentiate itself by creating a unique customer experience such as superior customer service and, in turn, brand the experience. Through experience branding, firms can greatly improve their ability to retain customers, target key customers, target key customer segments and enhance network profitability (Vincent, 2000, p.25). The Internet s interactivity allows companies to respond more quickly to customer requests. Moreover, the ever-increasing speed of the Internet allows companies to communicate more quickly with current and potential customers, which is essential to retaining current customers and attracting new ones. Consider the pure-play home furnishing business, ihome, which is addressing customer requests to receive decorating help on a budget ihome s ability to get download time under 30 seconds is the key to ihome s growth rate (Slott, 2000, p.38). All of these benefits help to differentiate the image and the customer experience of online firms. For example, AOL and Venus Swimwear have online chat features to help customers with questions about their purchases. Seven Unique Differentiation Strategies to Online Businesses According to Strauss and Frost, 2006 these strategies are of particular importance on the Internet because the marketing strategy often revolves around the company s image and product information available on the Web. In addition to the preceding strategies are unique to online businesses consist of site environment/ atmospherics, making the intangible tangible, building trust, efficiency and timely order processing, pricing, CRM and enhancing the experience. Site Environment/ Atmospherics Atmospherics refers to the in-store ambiance created by brick-and-mortar retailers. Similarly, Websites can be differentiated by providing visitors with a positive environment to visit, search, purchase, and so forth. Visitors want a site that easily downloads,
7 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No portrays accurate information, clearly shows the products and services offered, and is easily navigated. If customers view the homepage and like what they see, they are more likely to view additional pages and ultimately become a paying customer. Making the Intangible Tangible A purely online product or service can only be seen through an image or description. Whether a company uses virtual tours, 3-D images, product image enlargements trial downloads, or customer reviews, the goal is to make offerings seem more tangible by showing them in a realistic and customer-friendly manner. Building Trust Trust is a key issue on the Internet, especially when customers are expected to pay online or their information is tracked for personalized service or supply chain management. For this reason, rust building should be an integral part of a Website s marketing strategy. In some instances trust may be appeared as a by-product of strong brand recognition; however, a company site with low or no brand recognition must project a secure environment. Detmer (2002) makes the following suggestion to e- marketers: Take the time to clearly define your company s privacy policy, and make sure it is strictly enforced. Maintaining the balance between privacy and personalization will increase the comfort level your customers feel for your business. In addition to stating the privacy policy, e-commerce firms can reassure customers by using a safe and encrypted payment process for transactions. Trust is also important if customers should encounter problems on the Website, require personal assistance, or need to exchange or return a purchase. Visitors may be more likely to buy from a site if they know a live person can be contacted. Efficiency and timely Processing One of the strongest motivators for customers who make Web-based purchases is the ease of ordering. Organizations must market their alliances and delivery timeliness as an important benefit. Furthermore, if the online company follows through on its promises, it is more likely to build customer loyalty and receive referrals from satisfied customers. Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction can spread very quickly on the Internet with just few keystrokes. Pricing Pricing as a method of differentiation has come under scrutiny, especially for Web marketers. When products were first offered on the Web, companies tended to offer price discounts as an incentive. Today, prices are relatively comparable on the Web, although some companies, such as Buy.com, offer lower prices. The majority of firms choose to differentiate themselves using methods other than pricing because pricing is easy to imitate and non price differentiation is more enduring for all but the price leaders. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) As more firms shift away from price differentiation and as barriers to entry decrease on the Internet, customer relationship management (CRM) becomes more predominant as a means of differentiation. Netflix, for example, forges long-term relationships with
8 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No consumers who want the convenience of receiving movies on DVD by mail. Customers who subscribe to one of Netflix s monthly plans can set up personal lists of the movies they want to rent. Depending on the type of subscription they choose, customers can rent three or more DVD movies at one time with no return deadlines or late return penalties. After viewing a movie, customers slip it into the prepaid return envelope to mail it back to Netflix, a few days later, they receive the next DVD on their list. Thus, Netflixs builds customers relationships one at a time through customer-driven personalization including a personal greeting on the Web site. Enhancing the Experience Another type of differentiation strategies is discussed in a E-Marketing Opportunity Model (Feeny, 2001). This model helps companies to differentiate using one of three e- marketing opportunities: enhancing the selling process, enhancing the customer buying process, and enhancing the customer usage experience. In this model, firms use perceived product differentiation and frequency of purchase to choose the best approach. METHODOLOGY The study will evaluate each of the strategy and researchers will point out the analysis through their observations and experiences. This will lead into in-depth discussion on how the customer perceived the value of the website and chances of involving into bad experience of transaction or vice versa. In summary, differentiation is what a company does to the product, services and processes. As stated by Strauss and Frost, 2006, differentiation strategies have evolved with the commercialization of the Internet. The keys to differentiating online businesses are the creation of a distinctive and superior customer experience and the development of one-to-one relationships with consumers. The real value added by the Internet is the enhanced ability to differentiate according to customer relationship and provide a unique experience for each customer. Therefore, making a different will turn the whole perception and defection to an acceptance. These differentiation strategies are: 1. Site environment/ atmospherics 2. Making the intangible tangible 3. Building trust 4. Efficiency and timely order processing 5. Pricing 6. CRM 7. Enhancing the experience ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION Figure 1 Malaysia Airlines Main Page
9 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No Malaysia Airlines s Site Environment / Atmospherics Based on Malaysia Airline s Website (Figure 1) researchers found that the site environment is fascinating and create fresh ambiance to the customers in welcoming them to browse further. Here, we found that the colour (blue colour) plays as a major element in creating the appearance to be 100% appeal (calm mood colour) compared to the other website of airline service providers. The interactive buttons help the viewers to easily connected and conduct the session from one page to another. Every information is easily downloaded and portrays accurate information as listed like flight booking, pricing, package offered and other valid and useful information. The Website is clearly shows the products and services offered as it refers to the ability of the company in granting the promises made. Basic information are all listed as these always required for the first time viewers or users in not making them lost throughout the browsing. Researchers also found that the element of promotions is always becoming the main factor to be advertised in the website as it creates sense of knowing more. This leads into the potentiality of creating sales and up to making profit to the Malaysia Airlines. Analysis made always found that the navigation is considered as user friendly and this is a key of becoming preferable airline service provider by the customers and potential customers. Making the Intangible Tangible As referring to Figure 1, it shows that Malaysia Airline s Website is providing lots of elements of Making the Intangible Tangible such as E-Timetable, Web Check-In, Destinations and Offers, Tagline of What You See Is What You Pay For, attractive pictures of places to visit, sitemap and others. Researchers concern that by offering
10 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No those elements have waken up the mood of realistic, becoming lively and customerfriendly manner. This will lead into attractions of becoming satisfied and loyal customer. Figure 2 (a) Part of Online Purchasing Process Figure 2 (b)
11 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No Completed Form of Confirmation Building Trust First and foremost, researchers believe that through the recognitions awarded to the Malaysia Airlines, it appears as the major trust element in making the customer and potential customer become confident in dealing with the whole transaction with Malaysia Airlines. This can be seen through the listed awards shown in Malaysia Airlines Website (http://www.malaysiaairlines.com/my/en/corp/corp/awards/awards.aspx). Those awards act as the evidence of making their promises into reality. Next is about the assurance of using a safe and encrypted payment process for transactions. It is not a denial that Malaysia Airlines Website is one of the best secured sites of doing internet transactions. This security aspect is proven by looking into the whole processes of buying and doing payment for the services offered. As evidence, this can be referred to Figure 2 (A) and 2 (B). Through Malaysia Airlines Website, it convinces the customer to become more relax and less hassle pertaining any queries about the transactions due to the availability of listed contact number and addresses as it connects the customer and potential customer to the Malaysia Airlines personal assistance which is a live person that can be contacted. It proves that Malaysia Airlines is always maintaining in building customer s trust. This supporting argument is shown in Malaysia Airlines Website (http://www.malaysiaairlines.com/hq/en/contact-us.aspx). Figure 3
12 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No Alternative in Mode of Payment System Efficient and Timely Order Processing. As others, Malaysia Airlines provides the customers and potential customers an instant payment system where it focuses on delivering immediate purchasing services. Meaning that, the customer has the opportunity in doing the purchasing process at anytime, anywhere upon customer preferences. Experiencing the purchasing ticket process through Malaysia Airlines Website has given the best opportunity to the researchers as it offers alternatives in mode of payment compared to the other airline service providers. Here, Malaysia Airlines has given the best solutions in doing payment by giving options either paying by credit card or debit card. This option helps most of the customers or potential customers due to the cases that not everyone is having a credit card. Figure 1 as well as Figure 3 shows the alternative in mode of payment system provided by Malaysia Airlines and Figure 2 (a) as well as Figure 2 (b) is supporting the statement of getting the opportunity of doing the purchasing process at anytime and anywhere. Pricing
13 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No Malaysia Airlines's fares are significantly moderate and affordable than those of other airline service providers. This is a fact that accepted by the market particularly competitors as Malaysia Airlines provided best cabin services. Malaysia Airlines s Website fares are much cheaper compared to the frontline counter price and this is also one of the differentiation strategy that implemented by Malaysia Airlines in order to attract more customers to purchase online through the website. Researchers found that, the differentiation pricing strategy plus best cabin services applied by Malaysia Airlines is valuing the company to be demanded more than their expectation. This is the key strategy that still cannot be beaten up by any other competitors and has guaranteed higher return to Malaysia Airlines since the day they started their new operation by new management. Researchers believe that the promotion pricing strategy has enhanced Malaysia Airlines reputation in making the promises become reality; What You See Is What You Pay For. This tagline has become the benchmarking to the company in giving better fares at every promotional booking offer. Figure 1 supports the above statements and it is recommended to visit Malaysia Airlines Website (http://www.malaysiaairlines.com/hq/en/home.aspx) for a better proven. Figure 4 Member Logon Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Researchers believe that Malaysia Airlines always determine the customers as their first priority in every consideration. This can be seen in Figure 4 which has stated the member log in button. Customer or potential customers can always be connected to the Malaysia Airlines programmes such as promotional booking offers, news updates, phone
14 JIBC August 2011, Vol. 16, No circulars, flight changes info and others when becoming an Enrich or GRADS membership. Becoming Malaysia Airlines members will bring customers to an advance information that will ensure members are always one s step ahead from others. These are the benefits that can be gathered from becoming members of the company. All particular data of customers are secured and will be guaranteed for personalization from Malaysia Airlines. Enhancing the Experience From the beginning of operation until now, Malaysia Airlines has incurred a huge development in every prospect of services provided. The development has created outstanding improvement especially in the Malaysia Website application. Researchers accept as true that the development leads into satisfaction of selling process, customer buying process and customer usage experience. Experience can only be gained once we are in the process. Therefore, due to less hassle given throughout the whole processes, researchers believe that Malaysia Airlines can be considered successful in delighting the customers. To ensure the statement is correct and supported with evidence, please have the practicality in browsing the Malaysia Airlines Website at CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION In this study, researchers found that the ability of Malaysia Airlines to gain attractions from the customers and potential customers to viewing and browsing their website is by applying differentiation strategies. This study has shown that Malaysia Airlines is successfully proven that their interactive website is mutually meeting the standard of customer satisfaction and Malaysian Airlines can proudly stands as one of the most reliable and potential airline service provider that can provide better services through their website applications. Researchers believe that in the next few years, Malaysia Airlines Website will become the best ever retail website that fulfill the customers and potential customers demands and wants. This will lead into gaining customer loyalty as they perceived the services provided through the website hassle free. Based on the customer loyalty, researchers can conclude that future patronization of the services provided by Malaysia Airlines will boost up the upcoming return of the company. As for recommendations, researchers agree to look into further the changes that should be made to enhance the Malaysian Airlines Website evaluations and that changes are pertaining to virtual tours of places to be visited and chances of appealing the 3-D images for more attractions. REFERENCES
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Question about 1998 Saturn SL
Posted by ceboehm62 on
Same problem- car starts in the morning, when it gets hot- no go. I've taken to parking on an incline (manual trans) to insure I can pop the clutch. Once the car cools down in an hour or so- it starts.
Checked the battery at PepBoys- battery check was OK.
I've been having some problems with the ignition key getting stuck. The key doesn't want to release until its strong armed out of the socket. It feels like the pins just grab the key. Then I have to take a paper clip and fiddle at the opening to get the anti-theft plate to drop down. The key goes in normally after that. Well time to go find a hill to park on while I do some grocery shopping. :-)
I have a 2001 saturn sl2. Its starts and runs great when its cold but when it gets hot it will not turn over. I have power to the lights and etc. But the starter will not turn over. Is this my starter or my netrual saftey switch?
I have sort of the same problem when it get cold below 20 degrees my car will not start 1996 saturn above 20 degrees it starts great I have already replaced the battery
CAR STARTS FINE IN MORNING AND WHEN I GET OFF WORK. HOWEVER IF I STOP ANYWHERE AND SHUT THE ENGINE OFF IT WILL NOT START UNLESS I POP START (MAN TRANS) i REPLACED THE BATTERY.
my service engine light is on with the codes p0133 and p0172 for my 1999 Saturn SL. the was running only symptoms i was having was excess smoke from my exhaust and a small jump when i switched gears... now my car will not start at all, why is this?"
my service engine light is on with the codes p0133 and p0172 for my 1999 Saturn SL. the was running only symptoms i was having was excess smoke from my exhaust and a small jump when i switched gears... now my car will not start at all, why is this?"
lights will not even turn on no clicking when you try to start it.
turned key off all dash lights came on engine kept running even after key was taken out of ignition. took 4 times to get it to shut off
turned key off & all dash lights came on & engine kept running. took 4 times of turning key to finally get engine to stop running
I also had the same problem with my 1996 Saturn SL1, and it also was the starter. I thought it was an electrical problem until, just on a whim I pulled the starter. One of the brushes was almost gone and the commutator looked like hell. I cleaned up the commutator and brushes, and it spun like a top for about a month, until the worn out brush finally died. I also ordered a new starter the same day of the cleaning. Just a word of advice if you will be buying a new starter, go on Ebay Motors and find the store dbelectrical. They sell brand new starters for $49.95 with no core charge plus $12 UPS shipping. So $61.95 vs $150+ at your local parts store....Myself and my friend from work have both bought and daily use starters from them with no problems or complaints to report.
Posted on Jul 31, 2008
SOURCE: I have freestanding Series 8 dishwasher. Lately during the filling cycle water hammer is occurring. How can this be resolved
a 6ya expert can help you resolve that issue over the phone in a minute or two.
best thing about this new service is that you are never placed on hold and get to talk to real repairmen in the US.
the service is completely free and covers almost anything you can think of (from cars to computers, handyman, and even drones).
click here to download the app (for users in the US for now) and get all the help you need.
Posted on Jan 02, 2017
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A Chinese owned website (hosted by US based web hosting company) posted my phone number, full name, address and email without my consent. I emailed the Chinese company several times, there is no response and it's been months. Can I sue? Is there a lawyer who will get paid only if we win the case ? I don't care about the money. I just want my info removed from that website.
I can't imagine an attorney taking this on a contingency basis. Your seeking an order to remove your name from their website, not money. Its not clear if they've broken any laws or committed a tort that would even entitle you to money. Given the complexities of suing a Chinese Owned Website wth a U.S. based web hosting company, you should expect to be asked for a minimum of a $10,000 retainer if you follow the suit route. You may consider hiring a lawyer to send a letter or two to see if that works.
If you'd like to discuss, please feel free to call. Jeff Gold Gold, Benes, LLP 1854 Bellmore Ave Bellmore, NY 11710 Telephone -516.512.6333 Email - email@example.com a similar question
I don't see any basis for suit. You have no right to stop someone from publishing this information---we have this pesky doctrine called the First Amendment. I can't imagine any lawyer would take this case on a contingency---the claims are baseless and it would probably be impossible to collect a judgment against the Chinese company.Ask a similar question
Send a demand letter to the hosting company. to avoid litigation many times the will remove your name
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G20 total international merchandise trade
29/05/2017 - G20 international merchandise trade in the first quarter of 2017, seasonally adjusted and expressed in current US dollars, increased for the fourth straight quarter and at the fastest rate since the second quarter of 2011.
Export growth picked up to 3.0% in the first quarter of 2017, compared with 1.5% in the fourth quarter of 2016 while imports increased by 4.0%, significantly up on last quarter's 1.2% growth. G20 merchandise trade has almost regained its pre-crisis levels, but remains around 10% lower than the highs reached in 2011-2014.
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text: So we are just starting out this season. So far for advertising we have put out only about 500-600 flyers in our local area as well as an ad in a local direct mail paper that went to 86,000 homes. That direct mail ad cost me $130 which isn't too bad but we didn't get ONE CALL from that! We've gotten 3 mowing estimate calls from the flyers we handed out as well as 1 mulch estimate call from the flyers. So now I am contemplating placing another ad in a direct mail magazine that goes to 90,000 homes. The difference between the Merchandiser we did with no success and the Clipper is this magazine goes directly into the mail box instead of the paper slot and this magazine is full of coupons whereas the other isn't usually. I do believe more people would check out the Clipper as I do and I do not look at the Merchandiser usually. Catch is the Clipper is $550 for a 1/4 page ad and $700 for a 1/3 page ad. This is incredibly expensive to us as we are just starting, don't have any business yet (catch 22), and have a lot of overhead due to the Cub Cadet 54" ZTR & trailer we purchased. What would you do? Anyone ever publish in the Clipper? Success or not? Thanks!


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Inspired to Make a Movie with the Lomo LC-A2014-02-12 Share Tweet
I decided to help the couple Sean and ZN by taking snapshots of their daily routine since Sean will be away at Manchester for a year. These were taken during a Sunday morning in August at Sean's place before he leaves in two weeks' time. All shots were taken using the Lomo LC-A loaded with the Lomography CN 800, mounted on a tripod!
When I first saw the article "Make a movie by LOMO L-CA" by *jimmyhido* back in year 2011, I was so in love with it. I absolutely love his idea, considering the LomoKino was not yet released at the time, and I was so inspired to try it myself! It is also pretty simple – you just need a camera, film, a girl and a boy, so why not! But over the years I had been dropping this idea mainly because I was afraid that the results might not turn out to be as good as I was thinking. But when I found out from ZN that Sean is leaving for UK, I decided to give it a shot!
I had no idea on how I should go about doing this, which theme I should choose, and which film to go for. I just knew that I wanted something cozy since Sean is leaving, so I decided for the theme to be A day at home. I took snapshots of their usual weekend routine: making breakfast together, building Lego pieces together (that is Sean's favorite – besides ZN, of course) and endless talks.
As for choice of film, I love the vibrant colors from slide films. But since I am taking pictures indoors, I decided to go for the safer choice – Lomography CN 800. And it didn't fail me. I love the natural sunlight, the grains, and how natural both can be. I used a tripod, too, because I have shaky hands.
Overall, it has been a great experience, from coming up with a suitable theme to capturing moments then stitching them all together to make a movie clip. It definitely involve great patience and a brave heart. Remember: don't think, just shoot!
Get the things ready and make your own story!
written by ahben10 on 2014-02-12 #videos #lifestyle #negative #lc-a #love #couple #adayathome


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Blutengel - I'm Dying Alone MP3
über 1340000 Aufrufe jeah =D Vielen Dank !!
Crime Scene Clean-Up: Dying Alone MP3
Millions live in New York City where crime occurs on a regular basis. Unfortunately for some victims, help does not arrive until much later.
Blutengel I'm Dying Alone MP3
vom Album Seelenschmerz.
Jen Kirkman Is Fine With Dying Alone - CONAN on TBS MP3
Jen knows that having a spouse and kids is no guarantee that you won't end up dying with half a face. More CONAN @ http://teamcoco.com/video Team Coco is ...
Bvdub - The Art of Dying Alone MP3
( original track 19:13 min ) http://reviews.headphonecommute.com/2011/01/21/interview-with-bvdub-part-one/ and ...
Happy Days~Dying Alone Done~Subtitulos En Español MP3
Happy Days~Dying Alone Done~Subtitulos En Español.
MGTOW Dying Alone MP3
This video explains on why people must go thru life with a tag team partner or a side kick. Also, the fact they must have someone special in their life incase they ...
Drowning Together, Dying Alone MP3
"Drowning Together, Dying Alone" from the album Cover Your Heart by Black Light Burns. Enjoy.
BlutEngel I´m Dying alone MP3
Ich würde mich über positive Rückmeldung freuen bin aber auch offen für Verbesserungsvorschläge. BlutEngel Seelenschmerz Lied 3 I´m Dying alone.
Happy Days - Dying Alone Done MP3
2009 - Children Of Failure (SPLIT) We live We Die Its all part of life This is our reality That we cannot deny Why does it have tobe this way. Is there no light in ...
The Try Guys Try Not To Die Alone MP3
Together we stand. Alone...we might die in the woods. Watch us try not to die, then watch the true survivalists on History's new series Alone, Thursdays at 10/9c!
Blutengel - I'm dying alone (Burnt extended) 7mn53 MP3
Blutengel - I'm dying alone (Burnt extended) 7mn53.
Blutengel - I'm Dying Alone MP3
Band: Blutengel Track: 03 - I'm Dying Alone Album: Seelenschmerz Genre: Synthpop/futurepop with darkwave influences Sorry for the bad quality, this is a fairly ...
Alone- Art of Dying MP3
This is another Art of Dying video, this song is called Alone, off of their self titled album. I hope you like it copyright:Art of Dying Thorny Bleeder I DON'T OWN ...
06 Bvdub - The Art Of Dying Alone [Glacial Movements] MP3
Download: http://ks.kud.li/gm008 Subscribe: http://sb.kud.li/glacialmovements Official stream from Glacial Movements. Distributed by Kudos Records. On iTunes: ...
Micah P. Hinson - Dyin' Alone MP3
Micah P. Hinson - Dyin' Alone.
Blutengel- I'm dying alone MP3
Can't you see me falling? An endless fall Can't you hear me calling? A neverending call Can't you see me bleeding? I'm losing control Can't you see me dying?
Blutengel - I'm dying alone (Lyrics) MP3
Lyrics sorry, dass es zwischendurch immer etwas verzögert ist, mein Programm hat da anscheinend Mist gebaut.
Fear of Dying Alone MP3
I honestly believe Shiloh is going to be totally fine... but that doesn't mean I wouldn't like to know for sure. It's her choice though ~ not mine. Show her support: ...
Blutengel - I'm Dying Alone (Sub. En Español) HD MP3
gathaspar - I had a dream that she was dying alone ( OFFICIAL VIDEO ) MP3
bvdub - The Art Of Dying Alone MP3
Dying Alone Advice MP3
Joe's channel: http://youtube.com/disneykid1 Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/josephbirdsong Website/Submit Questions: http://cupofjoeshow.com More: ...
Blutengel - I`m Dying Alone (Lyrics) MP3
I`m dying alone can't you see me falling? an endless fall can't you hear me calling? a neverending call can't you see me bleeding? I'm losing control can't you ...
Nightcore - Dying Alone MP3
Happy Days - Dying Alone done MP3
(Depression)Black Metal from U.S.A.
Drowning together dying alone MP3
Black Light Burns song w/ video using a Super 8 camera 30 years ago in Chile.
HAPPY DAYS — Dying Alone Done (lyric video) MP3
Happy Days is a Depressive Suicidal Black Metal band, formed in 2004, are currently releasing a new album. Album: "Children of Failure" Encyclopaedia ...


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Valero CEO Turns Down Bonus
Compensation drops 50 percent as a result of his request that $50 bonuses be paid to employees instead.
SAN ANTONIO -- William R. Klesse, chairman, president and chief executive of Valero Energy Corp., received compensation valued at $6.6 million in 2008—a 50-percent drop from the previous year, according to an Associated Press report.
The San Antonio-based company paid Klesse $1.5 million in base salary, the same as 2007, and a bonus of $705,510, down 81 percent from a year earlier.
Valero, the nation's largest independent oil refiner, determines bonuses using a formula that includes targets for earnings per share. The company posted a loss in 2008 as high-energy prices stunted demand for gasoline and other refined products. That, in turn, pushed Klesse's bonus lower, the AP reported.
Valero's compensation committee had bypassed the formula -- after a request from Klesse—and approved a higher bonus, citing an increase in quarterly dividend, debt repayment and other factors. Klesse, however, then asked that instead of the higher payout, a $50 bonus be paid to hourly and other employees participating in the company's bonus pool. The committee agreed, according to the AP report. Click here to read CSNews' Spare Change blog post to read Executive Editor Tammy Mastroberte's thoughts on the generous act, and add your own
Additionally, Valero awarded Klesse $138,494 in other compensation, including $25,073 in life insurance premiums, $1,128 for personal use of company aircraft, $5,070 for club membership fees, $94,117 for retirement plans and $239 for a home security system.
The drop in Klesse's total compensation was partly due to a 47-percent decrease in stock and option awards, to a total of $4.3 million. Those awards are now worth more than when they were issued last October, because of an increase in Valero's stock price in the time since they were issued.
The AP said its calculations of total compensation include salary, bonus, performance-related incentives, perks, any above-market returns on deferred compensation and the estimated value of stock options and awards granted during the year.
According to Valero's proxy filing, the compensation committee benchmarks its executive pay practices against a peer group of companies that includes BP PLC, Chevron Corp. and Tesoro Corp. The committee also established a guideline for Klesse to own shares having a value of five times his base salary in order to align his interests with those of shareholders.
For 2008, Valero reported a loss of $1.13 billion, compared with a profit of $5.23 billion in 2007, the report stated.


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The design of modern vehicles is ever more complicated. In order for these complex technical systems to perform consistently, using fluids such as oils and greases is imperative.
For example, engine oil helps power the transmission and protects moving engine components against wear. Of equal importance, antifreeze protects the vehicle from damage caused by cold and corrosion.
As a reliable partner, febi bilstein offers a wide range in fluids and lubricants for practically all European makes and models:
febi bilstein fluids and lubricants are formulated exactly to vehicle manufacturers' requirements and offer workshops a superior alternative to OE!
You can find a detailed overview for each product in our Fluids Flyer.


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Danes in the NHL and their exploits.
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Join Date: Apr 2012
Location: Copenhagen
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It isn't going great for the Danes in shootout lately.
Frans Nielsen missed his 4'th in a row now and is only 2/6 this season. Either the goalies have finally read his tricks or he is being extra nervous because of NY Islanders finally could make it to the playoffs. These shootout missed probably makes them end 8'th instead of 6'th. Big difference of meeting Pittsburgh or Washington. But I guess Islanders should just be very happy they made the playoffs. Then they can try improving next year.
Mikkel Bødker also missed his shootout, but got 1 assist during the match. He has only 1 goal the last 20 games.....(only 3 points the last 10 games). Hope he can end this slump when (if?) he joins the NT for WC.
In the west Minnesota made it extra interesting by losing to Edmonton. Three teams for 2 spots. Detroit with 48P and Minnesota and Columbus both with 47P. All three have one game left.
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Assistant Nurse Manager jobs in Terre Haute, IN
Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Marshall, IL
Program Manager - ElectronicsThe project manager is responsible for monitoring progress of projects through internal reviews, partcipation in team meetings, and assist where needed to resolve impasses by resolving elevated issues internally and with the customer.
5 - 7 years experience|
Business Services
Confidential Company | Terre Haute, IN and 4 other locations
Registered Nurse (RN) Labor & Delivery (OB)$50K - $80KThe Labor and Delivery (L&D) Registered Nurse provides direct nursing care in accordance with established policies, procedures, and protocols.
Less than 5 years experience|
Patient Care
Encore Rehabilitation | Terre Haute, IN
Therapy Program Manager / Rehab DirectorThe Therapy Program Manager (TPM) is responsible for the overall management and ensures the efficient and effective operation of the Rehabilitation Department.
Less than 5 years experience|
Healthcare IT
Confidential Company | Terre Haute, IN
Registered Nurse (RN) Emergency Department (ED,ER)$50K - $73KSearching for a Registered Nurse (RN) Emergency Department (ED,ER).
Less than 5 years experience|
Patient Care
Meador Staffing Services | Terre Haute, IN and 4 other locations
Construction Project Manager$100K - $130KProvide leadership and oversight for the day-to-day operations and project administration activities for all assigned construction projects.
5 - 7 years experience|
ConstructionPosted by Larry Escamilla
Confidential Company | Clinton, IN
Industrial Hygiene Representative - RTResponsible for ownership and administration of the Health and Safety, Industrial Hygiene and Fire and Life Safety programs for Clinton Laboratories.
Less than 5 years experience|
Manufacturing / DiversifiedPosted by Kevin Meyers
inVentiv Health | Terre Haute, IN
Pharmaceutical Sales RepresentativeDevelop and maintain relationships with influential customers in the territory to enhance company and / or product loyalty and build the client's brands.
Less than 5 years experience|
Healthcare IT
North American Lighting | Paris, IL
Manager � Corporate Human ResourcesAlign the local human resources strategy with the overall organization�s strategy and goals.
8 - 10 years experience|
Energy / Utilities
Hydrite Chemical Co. | Terre Haute, IN
Process / Project EngineerPerform project engineering activities which include the design, procurement, installation, commissioning, and start-up of new processing equipment.
5 - 7 years experience|
Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Marshall, IL
Operations ManagerSupport Director of Operations in large, multi-shift electronics manufacturing environment by providing leadership, developing and implementing strategic plans, and facilitating continuous improvement.
8 - 10 years experience|
Business Services
Indiana State University | Terre Haute, IN
Residential Life Associate DirectorResponsible for the development, implementation, and evaluation of academic success initiatives that support the continued learning, development, and retention of students living in on - campus housing.
5 - 7 years experience|
Confidential Company | Terre Haute, IN and 2 other locations
Controls EngineerResponsible for troubleshooting and repairing plant equipment as well as taking on and overseeing special electronics projects; this person will work to minimize downtime and improve machine efficiency.
5 - 7 years experience|
Manufacturing / ElectronicsPosted by Brittany McGuire


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«What a babe she was.»
Duration: 59min 22sec Views: 8 201 Submitted: 1 year ago Submitted by:
Description: Nikki Sinn is the quintessential porn star! She has huge fake titties, blonde hair and a perfect wet little pussy! Shes a top notch piece of ass!Nikki really loves to get fucked by two guys at once, and there are two of her hottest double penetration scenes in this collectors edition! Get ready for some non-stop fucking action with Nikki Sinn!


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If an item you ordered from TextbookRush does not meet your expectations due to an error on our part, simply fill out a return request and then return it by mail within 30 days of ordering it for a full refund of item cost.
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Description: A short, sleek novel of encounters set in Tokyo during the witching hours between midnight and dawn, and every bit as gripping as Haruki Murakami's masterworks "The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle" and "Kafka on the Shore." At its center are two sisters--Eri, a fashion model slumbering her way into oblivion, and Mari, a young student soon led from solitary reading at an anonymous Denny's toward people whose lives are radically alien to her own: a jazz trombonist who claims they've met before, a burly female "love hotel" manager and her maid staff, and a Chinese prostitute savagely brutalized by a businessman. These "night people" are haunted by secrets and needs that draw them together more powerfully than the differing circumstances that might keep them apart, and it soon becomes clear that Eri's slumber--mysteriously tied to the businessman plagued by the mark of his crime--will either restore or annihilate her. " After Dark "moves from mesmerizing drama to metaphysical speculation, interweaving time and space as well as memory and perspective into a seamless exploration of human agency--the interplay between self-expression and empathy, between the power of observation and the scope of compassion and love. Murakami's trademark humor, psychological insight, and grasp of spirit and morality are here distilled with an extraordinary, harmonious mastery.
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All the information you need in one place! Each Study Brief is a summary of one specific subject; facts, figures, and explanations to help you learn faster.
List price: $22.95Copyright year: 2007Publisher: Knopf Doubleday Publishing GroupPublication date: 5/8/2007Binding: HardcoverPages: 208Size: 6.25" wide x 9.25" long x 0.75" tall Weight: 0.682Language: English
Haruki Murakami was born in Kyoto in 1949 & lives outside Tokyo.
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A run from a pub and back to a pub, followed by a hunt for CHOCOLATE!!! Come and join the fun. Follow a "mystery trail". Bag storage available. After the run we have a few drinks, HHH style. Later some go to a nearby restaurant. Come and find out what the global phenomenon of HHH is all about.
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B1A4 - O.K 안무 영상 (Dance Practice Video) MP3
B1A4 - O.K 안무 영상 (Dance Practice Video)
B1A4 - O.K (Full ver.) MP3
B1A4 - O.K (Full ver.)
B1A4 - OK Mirrored Dance Practice MP3
Only for learning purposes. I do not own anything. All copyrights belong to WM Entertainment and B1A4.
B1A4 - O.K. (Dance Ver.) - mirror MP3
B1A4 - O.K (dance practice) DVhd MP3
SUBSCRIBE!!! Checkout my channel for more Dance Versions and Dance Rehearsals... enjoy :) DVhd CREATIONS (kpop compilations) KPop Final Omen ...
[MV] B1A4 _ Only learned bad things(못된 것만 배워서) MP3
[MV] B1A4 _ Only learned bad things(못된 것만 배워서) *English subtitles are now available. :D (Please click on 'CC' button or activate 'Interactive Transcript' ...
B1A4 - Beautiful Target (ZOOM ZOOM Ver.) MP3
B1A4 - Beautiful Target (ZOOM ZOOM Ver.)
B1A4 - O.K 안무 영상 Dance Pratice slow MP3
I Do Not Own This Video! Just for anyone that wanna learn the dance mirrored and slow. Have Fun! Video belong to B1A4 Official YouTube Channel Their ...
B1A4 - Only Learned Bad Things mirrored Dance ver. Live MP3
This is a dance tutorial and is meant for educational purposes only!
B1A4 (비원에이포) - OK Dance Cover MP3
Whaddup everyone bahahaha xD MY DANCE COVER TO B1A4- OK ^^ kekeke anywayss I LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE...did i ...
Finally this is our Last version of B1A4 ok cover dance... We are B1A4 fangirls from Indonesia.. We're not professional dancers but we tried our best to do this ...
B1A4 'What's Happening?' mirrored Dance Practice MP3
This video is a dance tutorial and is meant for educational purposes only!
100724 ABA3O cover B1A4 "OK" First Dance Practice MP3
We Apologize for our mistake because it was our first practice. Thx for Comment ^^ This is our Fanpage ...
B1A4 - BABY I'M SORRY (Full ver.) MP3
B1A4 - 잘자요 굿나잇 (BABY GOOD NIGHT) (Full ver.) MP3
120215 Sesame Player B1A4 - O.K (Japan Ver.) MP3
cr. 세이지 @ Daum.
B1A4 [비원에이포] - OK dance cover by mashimaroROCKS MP3
I love the twins!! Simply because they are the twins who dance kpop, and they always manage to make the dances look fun!! The song is just amazingly happy!
B1A4 - Lonely English Cover (BANA version) MP3
This is my Female English Cover of B1A4's Lonely. This is also what I call the BANA version because my sister and I kinda made the lyrics about a BANA ...
B1A4 - Sweet Girl Dance Practice Ver. (Mirrored) MP3
Disclaimer: I don't own anything. Song and video belong to WM Entertainment. This video is for learning purposes only.


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If an item you ordered from TextbookRush does not meet your expectations due to an error on our part, simply fill out a return request and then return it by mail within 30 days of ordering it for a full refund of item cost.
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Description: Rostam is Iran's greatest mythological hero, a Persian Hercules, magnificent in strength and courage. As recounted in the tenth-century Book of Kings (Shahnameh) by the poet Ferdowsi, he was an indomitable force in ancient Persia for 500 years, undergoing many trials of combat, cunning and endurance. Although Rostam served a series of often-fickle kings, he was always his own man, committed to the greater good of Iran. His adventures are some of the best-loved of all Persian narratives and remain deeply resonant in Iranian culture. This book begins with the birth of Rostams father Zal and ends with Rostams death. The tales tell of the love between Zal and Rostams mother, the Kaboli princess Rudabeh; of Rostams miraculous birth, aided by the magical bird Simorgh; of Rostams youth and the selection of his trusty horse Rakhsh; of his affair with Princess Tahmineh, the birth of their son Sohrab, and, after Sohrab grows into a mighty warrior himself, the tragic confrontation between father and son. The tales conclude with Rostams war against demons, his seven trials, his rescue of Prince Bizhan, and finally his battle, both intellectual and physical, with the ambitious and religiously-driven prince Esfandyar.
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All the information you need in one place! Each Study Brief is a summary of one specific subject; facts, figures, and explanations to help you learn faster.
List price: $25.00Copyright year: 2007Publisher: Mage Publishers, IncorporatedPublication date: 3/21/2007Binding: HardcoverPages: 1Size: 4.75" wide x 7.25" long x 1.00" tall Weight: 0.880Language: English
Abolqasem Ferdowsi(9401020) is the preeminent poet in the Persian language and one of the greatest poets of his time in any language. Dick Davisis the premier translator of Persian poetry at work today. Azar Nafisiis the author of the bestselling Reading Lolita in Tehran.
Dick Davis is an Englishman who has lived for most of his adult life outside his own country - in Greece, Italy, Iran and the United States. He is currently a professor of Persian at Ohio State University in Columbus.
*A minimum purchase of $35 is required. Shipping is provided via FedEx SmartPost®
and FedEx Express Saver®. Average delivery time is 1 – 5 business days, but
is not guaranteed in that timeframe. Also allow 1 - 2 days for processing. Free shipping is eligible only in the continental United States and excludes
Hawaii, Alaska and Puerto Rico. FedEx service marks used by permission."Marketplace"
orders are not eligible for free or discounted shipping.
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