text:
You have found an item located in the Kentuckiana Digital Library.
Report on the timbers of the North Cumberland : Bell and Harlan counties / by Lafayette H. DeFriese.
Report on the timbers of the North Cumberland : Bell and Harlan counties / by Lafayette H. DeFriese. DeFriese, Lafayette H. 400dpi TIFF G4 page images University of Kentucky, Electronic Information Access & Management Center Lexington, Kentucky 2002 b97-22-37600034 Electronic reproduction. 2002. (Beyond the shelf, serving historic Kentuckiana through virtual access (IMLS LG-03-02-0012-02) ; These pages may be freely searched and displayed. Permission must be received for subsequent distribution in print or electronically. Report on the timbers of the North Cumberland : Bell and Harlan counties / by Lafayette H. DeFriese. DeFriese, Lafayette H. Yeoman Press, Frankfort, Ky. : [1884, 1878] p. 79-102 : charts ; 26 cm. Coleman Issued as a reprint with Report on the forests of Greenup, Carter, Boyd, and Lawrence counties; Report on the botany of Barren and Edmonson counties; Report on the timbers of Grayson, Breckinridge, Ohio, and Hancock counties; Report on the timbers of theTradewater Region: Caldwell, Lyon, Crittenden, Hopkins, Webster, and Union counties; and Report on the timbers of the district west of the Tennessee River: commonly known as the Purchase District; and Report on a belt of Kentucky timbers: extending east and west along the south-central part of the state, from Columbus to Pound Gap as Timber and botany, B. Index follows last report in collection. Reports have individual and collective pagination, the latter of which is used in this record. Microfilm. Atlanta, Ga. : SOLINET, 1997. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. (SOLINET/ASERL Cooperative Microfilming Project (NEH PS-21089) ; SOL MN06859.13 KUK) s1997 gaun a Printing Master B97-22. IMLS This electronic text file was created by Optical Character Recognition (OCR). No corrections have been made to the OCR-ed text and no editing has been done to the content of the original document. Encoding has been done through an automated process using the recommendations for Level 1 of the TEI in Libraries Guidelines. Digital page images are linked to the text file. Timber Kentucky. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF KENTUCKY. N. S. SHALER, DIRECTOR. REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH CUMBERLAND: BELL AND HARLAN COUNTIES. BY LAFAYETTE H. DEFRIESE. 79 STEREOTYPED FOR THE SURVEY BY MAJOR, JOHNSTON A BARRETT, YEOMAN PRESS, FRANKFORT, KY. This page in the original text is blank. INTRODUCTORY LETTER. Professor N. S. SHALER, Director Kentucky Geological Survey: DEAR SIR: I herewith send you a report on the timbers of the North Cumberland, which is a continuation, both in method and purpose, of a previous report on the timbers of four counties of Western Kentucky. The study upon which the present report is based was made during July and Au- gust, I876, and was sufficiently exhaustive to insure accuracy and a reasonable degree of completeness. Very respectfully, LAFAYETTE H. DEFRIESE. NEW YORK, March 20, i877. TIMI. i.-6 8i REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH CUM- BERLAND-BELL AND HARLAN COUNTIES. The method of study pursued in investigating the timber of the North Cumberland necessarily differed somewhat from that indicated in a former report on the timbers of Grayson, Breckinridge, Hancock, and Ohio counties. The reason is, that the latter counties are comparatively level, are largely settled, and their timbers had to be studied with reference to the effects which clearing away the old forests would have upon the future timber growth of the counties. In the pres- ent report, on the contrary, the country is almost impassably mountainous; comparatively a very small proportion of land has been cleared, and the mountains are still crowned by their vast and primitive growths. The end to be attained in this report is, evidently, to give a conception as clear as possible of the present condition of these timbers. I have, therefore, not done so much plotting of ground and numbering of trees as was given in the former report; for it is manifestly very difficult, if not impossible, for the mind to pass from the con- sideration of a few detached and poorly representative plots of ground, of a few hundred square yards each, to the com- prehension of a vast forest whose area comprehends millions of acres. Another difficulty lies in the way of giving a clear impres- sion of the timbers under discussion. They grow upon a per- fecti net-work of mountains. There is no regular gradation of timbers on these mountain chains; so no fairly representative one can be chosen and studied which will give data for a re- port upon, and a clear comprehension of, the whole. On the contrary, the mountains are sharply divided into those whose forest must rank among the finest in this or any other coun- See report on the timbers of those counties. SC CUMBERLAND-BELL AND HARLAN COUNTIES. try and those whose timbers are, at best, only tolerably good, often mediocre. There are no intermediate chains. To the former class belong the Black Mountain and its spurs; to the latter class, the Brush, Pine, and Cumberland mountains. I tried to find out the reason of this extraordinary difference in the timbers of mountain ranges which are all intermingled, and whose geological composition is essentially the same. My opinion is, that the difference is due to the position of the underlying rocks. In the Pine, Cumberland, and Brush moun- tains these rocks have an average dip of 140 to 250. The re- sult is, that in passing up one face of the mountain we climb directly tip the dip, which so nearly coincides with the slope of the mountain that the beating of summer rains and the action of winter snows keep the soil washed off nearly down to the rocks themselves, leaving no ground for the roots of a massive forest growth to take hold and flourish in. The result is a stunted growth of hardy trees, whose roots are spread out on the surface of the barely covered rock below, such as moun- tain chestnut oak and rather small sizes of chestnut, red oak, pin oak, and the various pines. On going down the opposite side of these mountains, the continual masses of outcropping rocks, forming a steep and precipitous descent, leave no room for other timbers than the Rhododendron (wild rose bay), Kal- ml'a latifolia (American laurel), and such shrubs as cling to the faces of rocky cliffs. On the Black Mountain and its spurs, on the other hand, the rocks are horizontal, and the slowly accumulating detritus clings to their surfaces, whose position opposes the slope of the mountain at such an angle as to hold the detritus in place. A loose soil accumulates, in which an abundance of forest weeds spring up, and the decay of leaves and of these an- :1u, lly dying weed-tops constantly adds richness and depth to the soil already in position. The consequence is, that, in the parts of the Black Mountains familiar to me, even on the steepest slopes, there. is a rich alluvial soil of from two to four feet in depth. For this reason, there is a growth of chestnut, tulip tree (yellow poplar), black walnut, white and 83 5 REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH blue ash, birch, linden, and white hickory, that I have never seen surpassed. As no mountain could be chosen for study which would fairly represent the timber of the country, my method was to make sections across Black Mountain and its spurs, and also. across Brush and Pine Mountains. I chose some as nearly representative locality as possible at which to cross the moun- tains, and at every hundred barometric feet in height, more or less, I noted the proportion, size, and condition of growth of all the timber distinctly visible from that point. This method will, of course, give the height above drainage at which any species disappears or is introduced. I tried also to get the proportional effects of alluvial soil and of nearness to water upon what are known as swamp timbers. It is well known that some timbers are found only on bottom lands, and never appear very high above water-level; but, whether this fact is due more to the presence of the detritus from the hills, which always forms an alluvial soil along the streams, or whether the presence of water is absolutely essential to their growth, I was not able to determine. In the former case, the same timbers would grow on such soils, whether close to water or not. An experiment, showing whether these swamp timbers will grow on alluvial soils high above water, or whether they will grow near water without an alluvial soil, would be very interesting. My own opinion is, that the soil, not the water, is the essential part with most of them. I was led to this opinion by noticing that little benches, high up on the moun- tains, where there is no constant drainage, but where deep alluvial soil has accumulated, grew most of the swamp tim- bers; but, as a certain amount of water always found its way during rains into these depressions, it was impossible to get data enough to warrant more than a mere conjecture. In regard to the relation between the old and the young forest growths in this region, with the exception of walnut timber and of other timbers in certain localities, I see no rea- son why the present proportions between the two should be materially changed in the near future. 84 6 CUMBERLAND-BELL AND HARLAN COUNTIES. The walnut timber is as ruthlessly destroyed in Eastern as in Western Kentucky. I saw a magnificent walnut tree, forty inches in diameter, with a trunk of more than fifty feet in length, cut for rails-a tree worth hundreds of dollars sac- rificed for a few panels of fence. No care whatever is taken either to preserve the old forest walnut now standing or to encourage the young growth. Besides this, except in cer- tain localities, there is a practice of yearly "burning off the woods," which is doing almost irreparable injury to the forests in those parts of Black and Brush mountains where the tim- bers are finest. Especially in the Black Mountains, there is a very heavy growth of weeds that yearly die down, and, with thl fallen leaves, make a perfect mass of highly combustible material. Late in the fall, when these are driest, they are set on fire, and the heat is great enough to kill every bush that has appeared during the year. As this is done year after year, there is no chance whatever for a young forest growth to start. The consequence is, that in those parts of Black Mountains where the present forests are most dense and valuable, there is not a single young tree or bush to be found. In many places this practice has been going on so long that the old forest is rapidly dying out with age, and there is nothing coming on to take its place. If the practice of burning off the mountains is not stopped immediately, at any rate long enough for a new forest to get a permanent hold, so that fire cannot destroy it, before many years a mountain as rich in valuable timbers as any I know of in this c(utltry will be almost, if not entirely, stripped of its precious products. Some extra care should certainly be taken to pre- serve and perpetuate so rich a forest of such timbers as black walnut, black, white, and blue ash, white hickory, tulip tree, black birch, etc. So valuable are the ashes and the white hickory now becoming, that a Paris carriage manufacturing tirm is thinking seriously of establishing a spoke factory in some part of Kentucky, where these timbers can be most easily obtained. Already there is a very large trade going on in Liriodendron or tulip tree (called yellow poplar) timber, 7 REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH logs of which are cut from the mountains and floated down, the Cumberland in immense numbers every winter. How- ever, I see no reason to apprehend any near exhaustion of this timber, if more care is taken to prevent the killing of the young growths by fire, which certainly should be done. At least a dozen species of the most valuable timbers in the mar- kets of the world now grow in large quantities on the Black Mountain ridges. Their extinction would be even more than a State calamity. In fact, Kentucky alone might, at the ex- pense of a few hundred dollars, have exhibited at Philadel- phia, in i876, a collection of timbers which would have rivaled the timber exhibit of any foreign country in the quality, vari- ety, and value of its woods. I deem it best, before commencing a more minute consid- eration of the effect of different soils, height above drainage, etc., upon different timbers, to refer generally to some pecu- liarities that struck me, in the distribution and growth of cer- tain varieties of trees. As black walnut is the most valuable of the timbers, I shall commence with that. I made a section across Black Mountain, starting on the Cumberland river, at Hezekiah Hall's, not far from the dividing line between Bell and Harlan counties. My barometer, at the starting point, stood i,870. At a height of about 1,300 barometric feet above the datum point, and about 500 barometric feet be- low the crest of the mountain, I found a remarkable belt of the finest old forest walnut timber that I have ever seen. 'fhe trees are more scattering now in this belt than they have been; for the trunks of several of the finest, which had fallen during the year, were still lying there. There is no under- growth of any kind whatever to be found within the compass of this belt, owing to the practice before mentioned of burn- ing off the woods yearly. The belt to which the walnut tim- ber is almost wholly confined,hereis only of the width covered by a height of a little more than ioo barometric feet; that is, at the lower edge of the belt my barometer registered about 3,ioo, and at the upper edge about 3,240. On a steep moun- tain side this forms a very narrow strip of ground. About 86 8 CUMBERLAND-BELL AND HARLAN COUNTIES. 3oo barometric feet below this walnut belt I noted a bed of outcropping coal sixteen inches thick. The walnut itself is growing on a very rich loamy soil, partly detritus and partly decayed vegetable matter, about two feet deep, almost en- tirely devoid of undergrowth of trees, but perfectly matted with a rank growth of forest weeds, fully ten feet high in places. This walnut-growing belt winds along the mountain as far as I had time to trace it (which was not very far, how- ever), always at about the same height above the river below. I noticed that it was just under the top crest of the mountain, and crossed precisely at the heads of the various little streams that flowed from under that crest and made their way to the river below. One of the many magnificent walnut trees that I found in this peculiar belt was fourteen feet six inches in circumference, with a curling but straight and beautiful trunk, sixty feet in length. In an area of twelve hundred and fifty square yards in this belt the principal timbers were: Black walnut .6; average diameter . . . ..40 inches. Buckeye. 5; 29 White ash .... . .. ..... . . . 3; one of them with diameter 34 '' Linden... 6; average diameter.... 23 But this plot of ground was a choice one. There is not such an average of walnut as that even in the belt here spoken of. Another case of peculiarity in the growth of certain tim- bers which I noted, is that of the hemlock (Abies canadensis) of Eastern Kentucky. In this part of the country the hem- lock is confined wholly, so far as I know, to Conglomerate formations; so that the presence of this timber, in any local- ity in this part of Kentucky, is a guarantee that the geolog- ical formation there is Conglomerate. Of course, in other parts of the country, hemlock grows on other than Conglom- erate soils; and of course, too, not all Conglomerate soils of Kentucky grow hemlock. Through all the coal regions of Western Kentucky I never saw a single tree of it. But not only is the hemlock of Eastern Kentucky confined to Con- glomerate formations; it is also never found very high above local drainage. In the whole course of Cumberland river, from Cumberland Gap to near its head waters, and on all the 87 9 REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH various small streams that rise in Brush, Black, Pine, and Cumberland mountains, and flow into Cumberland river, I have never seen a single hemlock more than one hundred barometric feet above local drainage, except in one spot. That was shortly after crossing the Harlan county line in as- cending the Cumberland, where I found some hemlock trees on top of the bluff, that here rises precipitately from the river to a height of two hundred feet. But even in this case, although the trees are two hundred barometric feet above the river, on the opposite side of the hemlock from the river is a considerable depression, through which a branch runs most, if not all, of the year; so that this is not strictly an exception to the statement that I never saw a hemlock, in this part of Kentucky, growing more than one hundred feet above local drainage. So far as my observation extends, therefore, the presence of a hemlock tree in Kentucky proves two things: Conglomerate formation, and water, present part 3f the year at least, within one hundred barometric feet. The last peculiarity of growth that I shall notice here, is that of the white oak. In a former report on the timbers of some parts of Western Kentucky (volume II, page 339) I mentioned the want of hardihood in the white oak, inferred from the fact that Spanish oak, red oak, pin oak, etc., when left to free competition with the white oak, in the course of time choke it out and supplant it. In Eastern Kentucky, where the mountains are sufficiently high for exposure to dif- ferenit points of the compass to produce a marked effect on the timbers, I found a confirmation of my former opinion in regard to the comparative sensitiveness of the white oak. In making a section across Black Mountain, along what is called Hall's branch, not far from the Harlan county line, the hills on either side of the hollow are quite steep and high, and form a synclinal, one face of which is exposed to the north, the other to the south. The formation and soil of the two faces were exactly the same, so far as I could see, and both were heavily timbered. But on the hillside exposed to the south about forty-five per cent. of the whole timber was of 88 To CUMBERLAND-BELL AND HARLAN COUGMSE the most massive and splendid white oak, often four feet in diameter and ninety feet high. Here there was less than one per cent. of Liriodendron (yellow poplar, so-called). On the northern exposure opposite, on the contrary, about thirty-five per cent. of the timber was massive Liriodendron, many trees of which were six and seven feet in diameter, with trunks sixty to eighty feet high. Here the white oak formed less than one per cent. Of course this is a very striking example, and it could not be said that difference of exposure every- where in these mountains produces such a marked effect upon the white oak. But altogether, my observations convinced mne beyond a doubt that the white oak is not so hardy a tree as it is often supposed to be. There are not many valuable timbers in Eastern Kentucky which I have not already noticed in a former report on West- ern Kentucky timbers. Of course the black walnut, already noticed, and the black birch, of which there is a considerable quantity scattered through the Black and Brush Mountains, are the most valuable timbers. But, as int Western Ken- tucky, the people seem to attach very little importance to either. The Liriodendron is largely floated out every winter, as I mentioned before, for lumber. The white hickory and black and blue ash rank next in value; and they all abound, in the Black Mountain especially. Owing to the abundance of water-power, the accessibility, in large quantities, of these timbers, and their gr-eat demand in carriage-making, I see no reason why the near future should not see many spoke fac- tories, ax-handle and hammer-handle factories, and carriage factories, ill this part of Kentucky. Already the eyes of some large carriage factories are turning toward these tim- bers, and they only need to be better known in order to become a good source of revenue to the people. The red maple, which is growing more and more into favor in cabinet vwork, also abounds in Bell and Harlan counties. The linden (Silia Amcricana) is also found in large quantities through these mountains, and is very valuable in cabinet work, panel- ing, etc. The pines, especially the pitch pine (Pinus rigidza) 89 I I REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH and the yellow pine (Pinus mi/is), are very abundant in parts of the mountains, particularly Pine Mountain. They are too well known to need especial mention, except to say that not a pine is to be found in those counties of Western Kentucky, on which my former report was made, so far as I could dis- cover. I know of no especial reason for their total absence from that part of Kentucky. Certainly the want of mountains. in Western Kentucky is not a sufficient explanation; for pine woods are often low and flat, though I do not know of any in Kentucky that are so. Other timbers found in Eastern Ken- tucky, that do not grow in such parts of Western Kentucky- as I have studied, are the magnolias (Magnolia acuzminala, M. umbrella, and M. fraseri), hemlock, Rhododendron (maximum), and American laurel (Kalmia latifolia). I shall now proceed to give in detail the most important of the sections made, in the order in which they were made. Between ten miles above Pineville and Browning creek the- exposure of the mountain facing the river shows Lirioden- dron, hemlock, beeches, chestnut, red oak (called often water oak by the people), the three magnolias given above, Rhodo- dendron (maximum), American laurel, red and white maple, trident red maple, white oak, pines (mi/is and rigida), the various hickories (mostly shell-bark), dogwood, sourwood, and Stuartia (Sheartia vizroizzica). A section was made up Browning creek to Brush Mountain, and across Brush Mountain to Cumberland Mountain. Up Browning creek, to the last crossing before starting up Brush Mountain, the timbers noted were white oak (which predom- inates), pin oak, pig hickory, chestnut oak, mulberry, red elm, buckeye, papaw, sycamore, shag hickory, white walnut (in. considerable quantities), black walnut (small quantity), white ash (very fine and large), grey birch, linden (Ti/ia Americana and T. he/erophy/la a/ba), white elm, black cherry (only one or twvo), winged elm, white hickory, the magnolias, hemlock, sweet gum, and black sumach. I should say here that, in making sections through the mountains, I give the timbers, not in the order in which they probably predominate, but in! 90 1 2 CUMBERLAND-BELL AND HARLAN COUNTIES. the order in which they are met with. This is very necessary, especially in going up a steep mountain side, as it marks the height above drainage at which different timbers grow. In starting up Brush Mountain, the timbers remained sub- stantially the same for a barometric height of four hundred and sixty feet. They are the magnolias, chestnut, hemlock (for the first fifty feet only), black gum, white oak, white maple, beech, tulip tree, black hickory, grey birch, black oak, pin oak, red oak, white hickory, sycamore (along Mid- dle Branch), black walnut (in small quantities), white walnut, holly, black locust, red elm, shag hickory, and red maple (very. large). The formation is conglomerate. At a height of four hundred and sixty feet chestnut oak is first seen. There are- also black ash, red oak, witch hazel, and scattering pines. Height in TIMBERs. barometric REMARKS. feet. Pines, chestnut, chestnut oak, The absence of all the other timbers here black gum, and rock maple . 720 is due not so much to height as to vicin- ity of a slide, which had precipitated the crest of the mountain down to nearly this height. Pines (P. mitis and P. rigida) 965 Here we come to a bluff that has fallen from the top of the mountain, and hence the absence of all timber except dwarf pines. This throw lasts for a height of three hundred feet. Black locust, chestnut, chestnut At this height the fall from the mountain oak, black birch, magnolia cu- top is crossed, and we again find the tim- cumber, pin oak, Liricdendrvn, bers that normally belong to the moun- sweet pepper, etc. 1300 tain side. All of these timbers are very heavy. Cheatnut oak almost entirely . . i6oo Here we meerwith another slide from the mountain top, which normally belongs just below the one at a height of 965 feet. Very evidently that was originally the mountain crest, and fell first. This underlay it, and fell at a later date. Ge- ology shows plainly that both have fallen; but their relative positions originally 1 argue from the botany alone. 91 13 14 REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH Height in TiMBERs. barometric RRDAIR feet. Pin oak, black oak, pig hickory, The mountain top here is level and broad, Liriodemd-on, chestnut, and showing the slide of the rock cliffs that chestnut oak .... . . . . 1940 once capped it. So the timber here is not that which geologically belongs to the top of the mountain. An irregular spur of the Black Mountain, almost at right- angles to the last section, gives, on its southern exposure, the following timbers: TIMBERS. Height in barometric feet. RV-MARKS. Sweet gum, beech, red maplc, The character of the undergrowth here is shag hickory, black hickory, somewhat different. It consists of aza- white oak (very massive), hol- leas, mountain oak, red oak, chestnut, ly, Liiiodendron, black locust, dogwood, and some white oak, hickory, magnolia umbrella, black gum, etc. white walnut, grey birch, black oak, and chestnut.... . . base. Linorvdend-on, white oak, shag hick- It will be noticed that sweet gum, the mag- ory, water beech, black oak, red nolias, and holly disappear during the maple, black hickory, white ma- first hundred feet. ple, chestnut, june-berry - . . 100 White oak, water beech, chest- The shag bark hickory here disappears nut, witch hazel, Liriodendrvn, june-berry, black locust, black oak, pig hickory, rock maple, post oak, sourwood, dogwood, etc. . . . . . . . . 200 Mountain chestnut oak, black oak,, Here the undergrowth becomes very heavy, white and rock maple, Lirioden- black oak and red oak predominating. dron, white oak, pig hickory,i Mountain chestnut oak makes its first dogwood, etc. . . . 1 300 appearance also. Rhododendron maxinium, moun- A cliff of horizontal sandstone here changes tain chestnut oak (in great the character of the timber almost com- quantities), pine (mifis), black pletely. hickory, American laurel, sour- wood, etc.......... 330 92 CUMBERLAND-SELL AND HARLAN COUNTIES. I5 Height in TIvmas. barometric RlknAms. feet. Dwarf chestnut oak, dwarf pine, The sandstone cliff here still continues,. dwarf and post oak, rock maple, but at a dip of 140. It evidently be- sourwood, and American laurel 400 long-; to the mountain top, but has slid. dowu, for the roLks of Black Mountain are horizontal in their normal position. White oak, chestnut oak, chest- These timbers evidently belong to a posi-- nut, black gum, and pin oak tion geologically belowthe400-foot are the old growths.... 560 level. In passing up the Cumberland from White Rock touward Mount Pleasant, the timbers are mostly white oak, beech, chestnut, red oak, Spanish oak, maple, etc., except where a ridge of the mountain juts down to the river, when pin oak, pines, mountain chestnut oak, black oak, etc., are introduced. Shag and white hickories are plenty along the bases of the mountains, pig and black hickories higher up. Hemlock abounds all along the little streams, to a height of fifty bar- ometric feet above drainage. After crossing over into Harlan county, I made a section to- the top of Black Mountain, up Gray's branch, and came dowm a different way, so as to get two sections. The results are- here given in detail: Height in TIMB=RS. barometri REMARKS. feet. White oak, black oak, red oak, The walnut timber here is only young black gum, black walnut, ma- growth, confined to open spots. pies, beeches, etc.... . base. Beech, sugar maple, white maple, The mere list of trees here gives no idea Liriodendron, red oak, linden, of the splendor of the forest. The Liri- black gum, white oak, white odendrons are five to seven feet in diam- hickory, shaghickory, grey eter, with trunks sixty to eighty feet birch, and blue ash.100 long. The white oak timber is also ex- tremely heavy, and the blue ash as fine as any I ever saw. 93. '6 REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH Height in TimiEas. barometric Rnnxs. feet. Grey birch, beech, white maple, No perceptible change in the splendor of Liriodendron, blue ash, buckeye, the forest. red oak, black gum, spicewood, magnolia umbrella, etc. . 200 liriodrndron, chestnut, shag hick- The linden is yet scattering, as it is found ory, red oak, beech, white oak, mostly in this part of Kentucky high up linden, maple, dogwood, etc. . 340 on the mountain side. The timber, are all heavy. La&&ndnon, chestnut, shag hick- The Liiodendron remains as heavy as ever. ory, red bud, red maple, linden, The shag hickory is also very fine. june-berry, etc...... . 480 Growth same as above, with thee The linden first becomes very abundant at addition of ironwood . . . . 580 this height in ascending the mountain. Liriodendron, chestnut, white ash, Linden, chestnut, and Liriodendron are the white hickory, red oak, linden, chief timbers at this height. buckeye, ironwood, dogwood, etc... .. .. .. . . . 70 Liriodendr-on, chestnut, white ash, At this height a sixteen-inch vein of coal blue ash, and most of the 700- crosses the hollow. The blue and the feet timbers. . . . 850 white ash are very fine indeed. Black walnut, chestnut, Lirioden- The splendor of the forest here can hardly dron, white hickory, linden, be imagined. The belt of walnut before buckeye, etc ..1.0..... . 1o50 mentioned begins to show itself here, while the Liriudendron, chestnut, and white hickory are of the finest. Black walnut, buckeye, Lirioden -At this height crosses the curious belt, 25 droun, white ash, sugar maple, per cent. of whose timber is old forest linden, white hickory, etc. . . 1250 walnut. In size and quality these trees have no superior in this country, so far as I know. Chestnut, red oak, rock maple, The walnut timber gives out below this black locust, pig hickory, etc. 1375 height, and a ledge of rock here gives high mountain timbers. Linden gives out above this height. 94 CUMBERLAND-BELL AND HARLAN COUNTIES. 17 Height in TiMBERS. barometric REMARKS. feet. Red oak, buckeye, blue ash, white The ledge of rock above mentioned is hickory, Liriodendron, chestnut, crossed before reaching this height. black birch, shag hickory, pin The growth of white hickory so far oak, etc.o.... . .. . . . 16o0 above drainage is noticeable.It can be met with only on the richest ground at this height. Chestnut (dwarf), pin oak, white Here the top of the mountain is reached, oak (dwarf), black gum, Amer- as the timbers indicate. The fact that ican laurel, rock maple, sour- there is so little change of timbers, wood, etc......... . 1790 where the differences of level are so great, shows that the underlying rocks are horizontal and hold the soil, so that it forms a rich loam from the bottom to the top of the mountain. Notice here that this is not the height of the mountain above the river below, but only its height above the point at which I started up it, which was some three hundred feet above the river level. In passing down the mountain by a different route, but few variations from the above tables were met with. The sweet shrub" was one of these. The belt of walnut was found encircling the mountain at about the same height as given above. The timbers on a spur of Black Mountain shooting off near the last section will suffice to give the differences between the timbers of the main range and one of its spurs: Height in TIMBERS. barometric REMARKS. feet. White oak, black oak, red maple, The exposure here is south, and white oak beech, buckeye, black hickory, is by far the predominant timber. It is black gum, linden, etc. base. not usual to see linden so low, and only one tree was found here. Buckeye, black walnut, white oak, White oak still predominates. A small Linodendron, chestnut, pig hick- amount of black walnut, not more than ory, linden, and sugar maple . 120 twenty inches in diameter. Only one linden tree. 95 IS REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH Height in TIMBERS. barometric RmnKs. feet. White oak, blue ash, black oak, White oak is here reduced in size and im- linden, chestnut, pig hickory, portance. Linden is more plenty, and sourwood, chestnut oak, water the first chestnut oak appears. birch, maple, etc. 250 Chestnut oak, june-berry, black Here white oak almost wholly disappears, hickory, sourwood, white ma- as well as ash and linden. ple, and black oak.... . 300 Chestnut, chestnut oak, black oak, Here the timber is almost wholly chestnut sourwood, dogwood, black gum, oak, and evidently belongs higher up etcto..o................ 40 than that found upon the top of the bench given below. White oak, white and pig hickory, The timber on top of this bench of the- black locust, black walnut, red spur is fully equal to that at its base. I maple, black oak, Lirkodendron, had not time to cross completely over etc............ . 500 the spur. A section made on a spur of Pine Mountain, two miles below Mount Pleasant, gives the timbers mentioned below: Height in TIMBERS. barometric REMARKS. feet. White oak, beech, black oak, Lir- The timber on Pine Mountain, at its most iodendron, white sugar maple, favorable points, is scrubby and ordi- red oak, sourwood, chestnut, nary. It is so even here at its base. black gum, grey birch, etc. . 100 Chestnutoak,chestnut,blackoak, Here the mountain side is a perfect talus Liriodendron, dogwood, black mass of fallen stones and debris. Tim- gum, sourwood, and grey birch 250 ber more or less dwarf. White oak and beech have disappeared. Rhododendron (maximum), chest- Here there is a vast cliff of sandstone, dip- nut (dwarf), sounwood, moun ping 2234' west southwest, from which tain oak (dwarf), etc. 350 the talus above was thrown. Timbers all dwarf. The cliff is about eighty feet high. Liriodendrvn disappeared at the cliff mentioned above. 96 CUMBERLAND-BELL AND HARLAN COUNTIES. '9 Height in TIMBERS. barometric REMARKS. feet. Pine (P. mitis,) chestnutand chest- This is the top of the spur. Timber is all nut oak (both dwarf), dogwvood, small-pine predominates. sourwood, and American laurel 500 I now give a section across Pine Mountain proper. It is triple-crested at this point (two miles below Mount Pleasant); that is, it is composed of three mountains, as it were, mashed in together, with their tops all distinct. Trhe southern expos- ure is a very long and gentle slope, so that almost half a mile is sometimes gone over in a single hundred barometric feet. Height in TIMBERS. barometric REMARKS. feet. White oak, black oak, chestnut, Along the base of Pine Mountain here the maple, Liriodendio-on, hickories, timbers are very good-often, indeed, eIC. .. base. quite heavy. Clbctnut, chestnut oak, white oak The chestnut here is very large, while the iii small quantities), pin oak, white oak is small and has almost disap- ackl: oak, pine(P. mi/is), etc. 200 peared. Pine (P. mitis), chestnut, chestnut Very little change of timber from the level oak, black oak, and other tim- above, except that white oak has wholly bers about as last.34 disappeared on the first spur or crest of the mountain. MTountain chestnut oak, scrub cak, Here there is quite a change in the timbers, American laurel, chestnut oak, chestnut and black oak growing scarce Llhestnut, black oak, etc. 430 and other timbers coming in. Under- growth very heavy-pin oak, hickory, black oak, pine, etc. MTountain chestnut oak, American Here we reach the top of the first crest. laurel, black gum, pine, chest- The timber is almost wholly chestnut nut, etc.550 oak. White oak, chestnut, black oak, This is a divide between two crests, is lower and pine. . . . . .. . . . 520 down barometrically than the last station, and gives very heavy white oak and chest- nut timbers. 97 TINS. 1.-7 REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH Height in TIMBRs. barometric REMARK feet. Che'tnut oak, black gum, sour- The timber here is again that of a high wood, pine (P. mitis,) etc. . . 790 mountain side. The mountain slopes only 70 southeast Timber precisely the same as Another mountain crest. The slope of the above........... . 1050 mountain between these two points has been so gradual that no change in timber has taken place. Chestnut, white oak, black locust,' I This is a low divide between two crests and chestnut oak ..... . 1030 again, and the chestnut and white oak are very heavy. White oak, chestnut, grey birch, This is the mountain top at this point; but sugar maple, hickories, etc.. . 1185 in reality it is a gap in the mountain where the distance down to Beech Fork, on the north side, is only a few hundred feet. The south exposure of Pine Mountain, as given above, is a gradual slope, whose steepness is just equal to the dip of its rock, and is about five miles long. On the north side, on the contrary, the rocks jut out, forming an almost precipi- tous descent to the waters of Beech Fork, at the base of the mountain. On the north side, where the rocks are not too precipitous, red oak, Liriodendron (very heavy), ash, and hick- ories are found. The total absence of Liriodendron on the south exposure, except right at the base of the mountain, and the total absence of white oak on the north exposure, deserve careful notice. By merely glancing through the tables given above, it will be seen that, as a rule, subject of course to exceptions, near the base of a mountain such timbers as white oak, beeches, black ash, the magnolias, Liriodendron (yellow poplar), red oak, white and shag hickory, etc., are found. That none of these timbers, except the Liriodendron, reaches half way up the mountain, but are gradually replaced by chestnut, black oak, pin oak, pig and black hickory, linden, etc. That most ,98 20 CUMBERLAND-BELI. AND HART of these again give out onl nearing the top of a mountain, and mountain oak, dwarf chestnuts, the pines (especiallyP.nilisand rigida, or yellow and pitch), etc., take their places. 'lhat the most marked change dependent upon exposure to different points of the compass is found in the case of the LIriodendron and white oak, the former flourishing most o01 northern expos- ures, the latter on southern. That the principal change noted in this part of Kentucky, due to geological formation, is fur- nished by the hemlock, which is found only on Conglomerate soils. These and other minor inferences can be deduced from a study of the tables. The difference between the timbers of Eastern and West- ern Kentucky is not marked enough to be worthy of special notice beyond what I-as been given to it in previous pages. So it only remains , give a table of all the timbers met with in Bell and Harla: counties, which will be found below: OLIDER CUPULIFERE-MASTWORTS. i. Genus Quercus. White oak, Quercus alba (L.) Post fak, Q. obtusiloba (Mx.) Cheutnut oak, Q. castanea (Muhl.) Red oak, Q. rubra (L.) Black oak, Q. tinctoria (Bart.) Pin oak, Q. palustris (Mx.) Scrub oak, Q. illicifolia (WVilld.) Dwarf chestnut oak, Q. prinoides (Willd.) Spanish oak, Q. falcata (L.) Swamp white oak, Q. bicolor (Willd.) 2. Genus Caslanea. Common chestnut, Castanea vesca (L.) 3. Genus Fagus. Common beech, Fagus sylvatica (L.) Red beech, F. ferruginea (Ait.) 4. Genus Corylus. Hazelnut, Corylus Americana (Walt.) -5. Genus Ostrya. Hop hornbeam, or ironwood, Ostrya virginica (Willd.) 99 COUNTIES. 2 1 REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH ORDER JUGLANDACEA/-WALNUT. i. Genus Juglans. White walnut, juglans cinerea (L.) Black walnut, J. nigra (L.) 2. Genus Carbya. Pig hickory, Carya glabra (Torr.) Shag hickory, C. alba (Nutt.) White hickory, C. microcarpa (Nutt.) Black hickory, C. tomenlosa (Nutt.) ORDER CONIFERiE-CONIFERS. x. Genus Pinus. Pitch pine, Pinus rigida (Miller). Yellow pine, P. mitis (Mx.) 2. Genus Adbes. Hemlock, Abies canadensis (Mx.) ORDER ACERACE2E-MAPLES. i. Genus Acer. Red maple, Acer rubrum (L.) Var. trident, A. rubrum tridens. White maple, A. dasycarpum (Ehrh.) Sugar maple, A. saccharinum (L.) Black sugar maple, A. nigrum (Mx.) ORDER MAGNOJACEE. i. Genus AMagnolia (magnoliads). Cucumber tree, Magnolia acuminata (L.) Umbrella tree, M. umbrella (Lam.) Ear-shaped magnolia, M. fraseri (Walt.) 2. Genus Liriodendron. Tulip tree (yellow poplar), Liriodendron tulipfera (L.) ORDER OLEACE.IE-OLIVEWORTS. I. Genus Fraxinus. Black ash, Fraxinus sambucifolia (Lam.) White ash, F. Americana (L.) Blue ash, F. quadrangulata (Mx.) 100 22 CUMBERLAND-BELL AND HARLAN COUNTIES. 23 ORDER BETULACEAE-BIRCHWORTS. z. Genus Betula. Black birch, Betula lenta (L.) Yellow Birch, B. excelsa (Ait.) Red birch, B. nigra (Ait.) ORDER ERICACER-HEATHWORTS. I. Genus Ka/mia. American laurel, Kalmia latifolia (L.) 2. Genus Orydendrztm. Sourwood, Oxydendrum arboreum (D. C.) 3. Genus Rhododendron. Rose bay, Rhododendron maximum (L.) 4. Genus Azalea. Azalea, A. viscosa (L.) 5. Genus C/el/ra. Sweet pepper, Clethra acuminata (Mx.) ORDER TILIACE&-LINDENBLOOMS. I. Genus Ti/ia. Basswood, Tilia Americana (L.) White basswood, T. hetrophylla alba (Vent.) ORDER ANACARDIACE&-SUMACHS. I. Genus Rhus. Black sumach, Rhus glabra (L.) Mountain sumach, R. copallina (L.) ORDER ROSACEA-ROSEWORTS. i. Genus Cerasus. Black cherry, Cerasus serotina (D. C.) 2. Genus Ame/anchzer. Wild service or june-berry, Amelanchier canadensis (Torr. and Gr.) ORDER LEGUMINOSA-LEGUMINOUS PLANTS. I. Genus Robinia. Black locust, Robinia pseudacacia (L.) 2. Genus Cercis. Redbud or Judas tree, Cercis canadensis (L.) 101 REPORT ON THE TIMBERS OF THE NORTH ORDER HAMAMELACES-HAZELWORTS. I. Genus Liquidamber. Sweet gum, Liquidamber styraciflua (L.) 2. Genus Hamamelis. Witch hazel, Hamamelis Virginiana (L.) ORDER AQUIFOLIACEA-HOLLYWORTS. I. Genus Rex. American holly, Ilex opaca (L.) ORDER LAURACE-LAURELS. I. Genus Benzoin. Spicewood, Benzoin odoriferum (Nees.4 ORDER CORNACEA-CORNEIS. x. Genus Cornus. Dogwood, Cornus florida (L.) Green dogwood, Cornus alternifolia (L.) 2. Genus Nyssa. Black gum, Nyssa multiflora (Wang.) Swamp black gum, Nyssa uniflora (Walt.) ORDER ARTOCARPACE&-ARTOCARPS. I. Genus Morus. Mulberry, Morus rubra (L.) ORDER PLATANACEA-SYCAMORES. I. Genus P/atanus. Sycamore, Platanus occidentalis (L.) ORDER SAPINDACEA-INDIAN SOAPWORTS I. Genus .-Escu/us. Big buckeye, iEsculus flava (Ait.) Small buckeye, A. pavia (L.) ORDER A NONACE-ANONADS. x. Genus Asimina. Papaw, Asimina triloba. ORDER CAMELLIACE.L i. Genus Stuartia. Stuartia, S. Virginica (Cav.) ORDER CAIYCANTHACE-CALYCANTHS. I. Genus Calycanthus. Sweet-scented shrub, Calycanthus floridus (L) 102 24


text: Bundesliga The Unmissable Seven: the must-see Hinrunde encounters vor 2 Stunden Summary Champions Bayern open the season against Bremen.'Chicharito's' Leverkusen vs. Vargas' Hoffenheim on Matchday 8.Dortmund host Schalke in the season's first Revierderby on Matchday 9. Bundesliga.com have pored over the new #bundesligaschedule picking out seven show-stopping matches that you must not miss during the Hinrunde. Download: Click above to download the 2016/17 schedule (.pdf) Matchday 1 - FC Bayern München vs. SV Werder BremenThe 2015/16 season curtain-raiser ended nastily for northern visitors to the Allianz Arena with Hamburger SV heading home after a 5-0 defeat, the most convincing opening-game win in Bundesliga history. Bremen have been warned…Impress your friends stat: Bayern have won their last 11 matches against Bremen. "In Leipzig, we'll be guests at a first-ever home game. It'll be an exceptional atmosphere." @BVB's Thomas Tuchel https://t.co/bsemYVCqVh— Bundesliga (@Bundesliga_EN) June 29, 2016 Matchday 2 - RB Leipzig vs. Borussia DortmundThe newboys from eastern Germany could not have wished for – and perhaps might not have wished for! – such prestigious visitors as the and last season's runners-up for their first-ever Bundesliga home game.Impress your friends stat: Seven years after being founded, RB Leipzig will become the 55th club to play in the Bundesliga. Matchday 8 - FC Bayern München vs. Borussia MönchengladbachAn all-time Bundesliga classic will have another chapter added to it at the Allianz Arena. Gladbach have had the Indian sign over their Bavarian rivals in recent seasons – can Carlo Ancelotti break the spell in his maiden encounter with the Foals?Impress your friends stat: Gladbach were the only side unbeaten against Bayern in 15/16, and have not lost in four matches against the Bavarian giants.Matchday 8 - Bayer 04 Leverkusen vs. TSG 1899 HoffenheimThere will be an air of revenge at the BayArena when 'Chicharito' comes up against Eduardo Vargas. The Mexico superstar was powerless to prevent Vargas' Chile inflicting a punishing 7-0 Copa America defeat on El Tri this summer with the Hoffenheim man grabbing four goals. Impress your friends stat: Hoffenheim have only ever beaten Leverkusen once in the Bundesliga. Matchday 9 - Borussia Dortmund vs. FC Schalke 04The 'Mother of all Derbies' is always a drama-packed, thrill-a-minute occasion with the 2015/16 encounters a case in point. Don't believe us? Then watch the highlights of last season's games. If you don't get goosebumps, you might need to see a doctor…Impress your friends stat: Dortmund's Shinji Kagawa has won five of his seven Revierderbies, scoring four times.Matchday 11 - Borussia Dortmund vs. FC Bayern MünchenDer Klassiker will be given extra spice – as if it needs it! – with former BVB man Mats Hummels returning to the SIGNAL IDUNA PARK for the first time since his summer move to Bayern. You will want to soak up every second of this, and with bundesliga.com, you can.Impress your friends stat: Dortmund have won just once in eight Bundesliga games against Bayern.Matchday 12 - FC Bayern München vs. Bayer 04 Leverkusen'Chicharito' testing himself against the most formidable centre-back pair in the Bundesliga, Hummels and Jerome Boateng, should be a not-to-be-missed titanic contest.Impress your friends stat: Leverkusen have finished ahead of Bayern just three times in 37 seasons together in the top flight. More news Bundesliga Look out, Bayern! Bundesliga Supercup blog: Saturday Bundesliga Supercup blog: Friday Free! Get the Bundesliga newsletter delivered straight to your inbox. Sign up today! Subscribe

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Today's Approach with a Compassionate Feel
In today's interconnected world, families and small businesses are vulnerable to economic and legal trends that impact the value of investments, taxes and the cost of living. Taking steps to plan for your family's financial security or protect your business with sound legal strategies can provide a measure of stability in an uncertain, changing world.
To us, helping clients achieve their goals is more than a job. It is our commitment and personal experience. As parents and business owners, we understand the importance of protecting assets for future generations. We want to make sure our clients have the comprehensive estate and asset protection plans that meet their individual needs.
Contact us today if you need legal assistance with any of the following:
- Probate and trust administration
- Estate planning
- Guardianships
- Special needs trusts
- Asset protection
- Business succession
- Tax compliance
- IRS representation
Call Attorney Craig Snyder today at 561-627-8774 to arrange your free initial consultation.
Attorney Profile
Attorney Craig F.Snyder
- Florida, 1990
- Cleveland Marshall College of Law, Cleveland, Ohio
- Cleveland State University
Professional Memberships and Achievements:
- U.S. District Court Southern District of Florida
- Florida Bar - Real Property, Probate and Trust Section
- American Bar Association - Real Property, Probate and Trust Section, Tax Section
- Order of Barristers


text:
What is Project Bookends?
Project Bookends is the interim name for a proposal to build a new facility to serve as a community gathering space for events, music, arts and lectures for people of all ages on the site of the former Stella Maris Retreat at 130 E. Genesee Street in the village of Skaneateles, NY. This facility would be home to the Skaneateles Library and the John D. Barrow Art Gallery, as well as a new Learning Center to provide programming opportunities that are beyond the scope of the Library and Gallery.
The Library, the Gallery and the Learning Center would serve as independent organizations integrated within one facility, which would feature shared, flexible programming spaces that will also be available for community use. The facility would be open to the general public, offering a variety of free and fee-based programs and events for families, adults and seniors through partnerships with educational and cultural organizations.
What is the Learning Center?
The vision for the Learning Center is to bring Skaneateles residents a wide variety of compelling educational, cultural and entertainment experiences for all ages. In support of these efforts, the Learning Center could host programming developed by professional staff and community volunteers, as well as other partner organizations.
What types of expanded programming will the Learning Center offer?
The specific programming will be determined by the community through a series of workshops and outreach efforts. It is envisioned that the center will focus on arts, culture, literature and life-long learning opportunities.
How do the Library and the Barrow Gallery fit with the Learning Center?
The mission of the Library is to inspire learning, enrich lives and connect our community. The Library's vision is to be the cultural and informational hub of a vibrant, thriving community. Partnering with the Learning Center expands opportunities for our patrons and the Skaneateles community.
The mission of the Barrow Gallery is to exhibit and preserve the paintings of John D. Barrow for the benefit of the general public and the Library. The Gallery and the Library are linked by a trust established in 1905 that requires they remain together in the same building. The Gallery is an important part of Skaneateles history. The art that Mr. Barrow left behind has inspired artists for generations. It's the goal of the Barrow Gallery to ensure that his legacy is preserved for the Skaneateles community. Project Bookends' mission of being a gathering space for arts, culture, literature and life-long learning would be in line with the vision of John Barrow.
Why the Stella Maris Retreat site?
Bookends is proposed to be built on the site of the former Stella Maris Retreat, which was purchased by Peter and Elsa Soderberg in December of 2015. The Soderbergs purchased this expansive property with the intent of donating a large part of the parcel along E. Genesee Street to build a community gathering space overlooking the lake. The Stella Maris site offers the opportunity for a new, purpose-built facility with better parking, an expanded and accessible library, a highlighted Barrow Art Gallery and a new Learning Center.
What will happen to the Stella Maris Retreat building?
The large building fronting E. Genesee Street is on the parcel designated for the new facility. The size and layout of this building make it ill-suited for use by Project Bookends. The existing building will be torn down and replaced with a smaller, more energy-efficient, fully accessible facility.
What uses will be in the new building?
The Project Bookends team seeks community input to determine how the new building can be used. In addition to the Library and the Gallery, possibilities include exhibit space for local artists, classrooms for lectures, a small theater for music and movie/live broadcast events, study and group project space and a café. During the winter and spring, the Project Bookends team will assess current spaces in Skaneateles and gather community input to decide what spaces and services should be available in the facility.
How big is the new building?
The size of the building has not been determined. We will be working with the project architects to determine the appropriate size based on our population, input from the community and operating costs. In the current building, the Library inhabits 6,650 square feet and the Gallery inhabits 1,360 square feet. Butler Rowland Mays Architects, library design experts, recommend that the size of the Library be doubled to meet population and service needs. The Barrow Gallery requires some additional space for painting storage and a small office.
The goal is to design and build a building that will have costs similar to the operating costs of the existing Library building. We envision a single story building facing E. Genesee Street and two stories on the lake side (taking advantage of the slope of the land).
What will this facility be named? Bookends?
Bookends is a temporary name being used for the project, but not the facility itself. We know that the Skaneateles Library will be part of the name of the building, but the name is still to be determined.
Who will pay to build the new facility?
The first and largest single source of funding will be a generous donation from the Soderbergs. We do not anticipate that these funds will cover the entire cost of the building project. The Library and Bookends group is developing a funding and fundraising strategy. A fundraising consultant will be hired to assist with this work. Taxpayer funds will not be used to build the new facility; they are strictly reserved to support Library operations.
Will taxpayer support provided to the Library by residents of the Skaneateles Central School District be used for the Barrow Gallery or the Learning Center?
No. The $350,000 in community-based funding approved by voters in May 2016 is designated for Library operating costs only. The Library asked the community for this support because our tradition of relying on private donations and investment income to keep the doors open was no longer sustainable. It had become necessary to use the endowment's principal just to pay the bills; continuing on that path would've put the Library's future in jeopardy.
It is important to understand that the sustainable public support provided to the Library is about funding the Library's ongoing operations: staff, collections, programs, utilities, etc. Community-based funding is a critical part of supporting Library services, whether or not we ever make any changes to the Library facility.
Will the Library be responsible for all the operating costs of this new building?
No, the operating costs will be shared between the Library, Barrow Gallery and the new Learning Center. The Library has committed to staying within an operations budget that is in line with a library size suitable to the Skaneateles population and current operating costs. Additional costs associated with operating the Learning Center will be generated through program fees, sponsorships and donations.
Is the Library paying for the consultants and architects needed for the initial phase of the project?
No. The funds needed to support this phase of the project were donated to the Library specifically for this purpose. Neither taxpayer funds nor Library investment funds are being used.
Why is the Library considering a relocation?
The Library Board has considered relocation or expansion at various times over the years, most recently in early 2015. Community meetings were conducted by Butler Rowland Mays Architects, experts in library design and historic buildings, to find out what was important to patrons; concurrently, an extensive site and building assessment was completed to explore how our building could be improved to try to meet those needs.
In addition to making the building fully accessible for those with mobility issues and providing dedicated parking, the community asked for larger, more comfortable spaces for children and teens; spaces that support group work, study and tutoring; up-to-date computer technology and support for mobile/personal technologies; and both small and large community meeting spaces.
An expansion in the current location could provide significant improvements in some areas, but it would not serve all the needs expressed by our patrons and community members. A new building could provide more of what our patrons want now and in the future, as well as a more efficient layout with energy-efficient design features. The proposed location would allow the Library to stay in the village and to be accessible to all patrons.
What will happen to the existing library building?
The existing building housing the Library and the Barrow Gallery will be available for another use. The building is a "contributing building" in the Village of Skaneateles Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places, and it is our intention that the exterior will remain in its current state. The Library Board recognizes how important the building is to the community and is in the process of forming a committee that will establish a process for identifying the future use of the building. Community input will be an important part of this process.
What is the timeline for the project?
Project Bookends is just starting up. Work began in earnest after the Library Board voted in September 2016 in favor of pursuing a relocation and new building with Project Bookends. The community engagement process will begin this winter. It is hoped that the project will be completed in 2019.
Where are you in the current process?
We have engaged the services of Environmental Design & Research (EDR) as site planning consultant, to determine what building could be sustained on the site. EDR made an initial presentation to the Village of Skaneateles Planning Board on Thursday, January 5, 2017. The process of securing zoning and site plan approvals has only just begun.
Paul Mays of Butler Rowland Mays Architects will work on the project as the designer for the Library and Gallery spaces, because of his prior work with the Library and Gallery and his expertise in the field of library design.
On December 19, 2016, six architectural firms were invited to a one-day design competition to determine who communicated with the team most effectively and offered a draft design compatible with the vision of the Bookends team. Contract negotiations with Holmes King Kallquist Architects (HKK) are now underway. Once the contract has been signed, we will officially announce HKK as the selected architecture firm via the Skaneateles Library website.
The draft building designs HKK provided at the competition is not the final design. They are visionary only. The building program will be informed by forthcoming community outreach and feedback over the next few months. It is the goal of the team to provide preliminary designs for public viewing by early Summer 2017.
Will a zoning change at the former Stella Maris site be necessary?
The site is presently zoned A-1 Residential. The A-1 Residential district does not permit a cultural facility (described in the Village Zoning Code to include a museum, library, art gallery or lecture hall). We will apply to the Village to designate the project under Public Lands. The purpose of a Public Lands district is to provide for the continuation of public uses and community benefit activities for a cultural facility or other public service not provided by the Village.
Has Project Bookends received endorsements or approvals from any organizations?
No such endorsements have been sought at this stage and none have been given.
Who is on the Project Bookends team?
Currently, the Project Bookends team is comprised of members of the Library Board, Peter and Elsa Soderberg, numerous additional community volunteers and Project Director, Jessica Millman. The team will expand as the community engagement process begins.
Who can I talk to if I have questions or if I want to participate?
Jessica Millman, Project Director, is the first point of contact and can be reached by email at firstname.lastname@example.com or at 315-677-1170.
Updated February, 28 2017


text:
Significant Canine Attacks Demand Significant Legal Representation
Getting harmed by way of a next door neighbor's or simply a wandering canine can be devastating. In some cases, it's hard to be able to determine who actually owns the dog as well as in other cases, the particular owner won't possess correct insurance protection to cover a person's traumas. Generally speaking, homeowner's insurance coverage delivers the protection when it comes to pet attacks.
Nevertheless, with respect to the particular breed of dog, the canine person's insurance carrier may well not pay demands linked to personal injuries due to the animal. Each time a sufferer is simply not in a position to obtain compensation for their traumas through the owner's insurance carrier, it really is critical to be able to speak to a birth injury attorney new york without delay.
Though affected individuals might find it difficult discussing with an insurance company, attorneys that operate in this particular sector have a tendency to do this on a regular basis. Administrators are far more inclined to respond to a lawyer's phone calls. These people fully grasp when they won't negotiate with a dog bite lawyer, they could be found liable in court for losses.
A lawsuit can cost an insurance company a lot of money, which is the reason they have an inclination to deal with lawyers. In some cases, the insurer basically is not going to give the money for the bill or perhaps the canine owner does not have insurance coverage. For these particular situations, the victim may have to take legal action against the dog owner privately to find the essential settlement to protect their health-related expenses and lost wages.


text:
Follow Us
Supplier FAQ
1. How can I become a supplier?
You can become an eHalal.com supplier by registering yourself at our Supplier Login.
2. How much is the registration fee for a supplier?
It's free!
If you are not an eHalal.com supplier yet, feel free to join us now and enjoy the various benefits provided by eHalal.com.
If you are not an eHalal.com supplier yet, feel free to join us now and enjoy the various benefits provided by eHalal.com.
3. Can I join become as a supplier without email verification?
No, you must verify your email address to become a supplier. Please click the link in the verification email once you receive it.
4. Can I join as a supplier without approval from eHalal.com?
No, you must be approved by eHalal.com to become a supplier. Kindly email eHalal.com customer support at email@example.com for further assistance.
5. I have registered, but I am yet to receive any email from eHalal.com
Please check your email spam folder or junk folder. If you cannot find verification email from eHalal.com, kindly email eHalal.com Customer Support at email@example.com for further assistance.
6. Can I use an existing brand as my name?
No, you're not allowed to use any copyrighted brands (e.g. Apple, Nestle, etc) as your name unless you are a representative of that particular brand or an authorized direct distributor.
7. Problems In Signing In
If you're having trouble signing in, here are some things to check:
- Clear Your Browser's Cache and Cookies
If you are not sure how to do this, kindly go to your Internet browser's "Help" menu, there will be instructions for how to clear the cache and cookies.
- Check CAPS Lock and NUM Lock on Your Keyboard
Please be aware that passwords are case sensitive, "MY PASSWORD" and "My Password" are recognized as two different sets of passwords.
- Incorrect Username / E-mail Address
Please ensure you're entering the correct username or email. Your e-mail address must be in this format: email@example.com (or .com.my, .net, .org, .edu, etc.)
If you're sure you're using the correct username or email address, try to reset your password. For more information, go to Reset Your Password.
8. How can I reset my password?
If you forgot your password, you may reset your password at our Supplier Forgot Password page


text:
Headsets Make Great Gifts!
We carry a wide selection of aviation headsets including:
- Bose® A20® Aviation Headsets
- LIGHTSPEED PFX, Tango wireless headset, Zulu.2 and Sierra
- David Clark (full GA line including helicopter)
- Supplies for above headsets including microphone covers and ear seals.
Stop in for all of your flying needs!
Nashua Pilot Shop carries training supplies, aeronautical charts, headsets, transceivers, checklists, pilot's operating handbooks, logbooks, kneeboards, flight bags, flashlights, sunglasses, shirts, jackets and many more aviation products.


text:
Learn more about SUREBROOK FOODS & DRINKS LIMITED. Check the company's details for free and view the Companies House information, company documents and list of directors.
Know about every new company document that is added!
Take advantage of our watch this company feature free of charge and have notifications sent directly to your inbox. Whenever a new document appears on this website, or if their particulars change, you will be immediately informed about such changes. To monitor these changes, all you need to do is click on watch this company.
|Tangible Fixed Assets
|£ 72,973
|Current Assets
|£ 51,418
|Tangible Fixed Assets Depreciation
|£ 15,809
|£ 3,812
|Profit Loss Account Reserve
|£ 112,155
|Revaluation Reserve
|£ 661,850
|Called Up Share Capital
|£ 100
|Net Assets Liabilities Including Pension Asset Liability
|£ 112,255
|Net Current Assets Liabilities
|£ 39,282
|Creditors Due Within One Year
|£ 12,136
|Cash Bank In Hand
|£ 47,606
|Share Capital Allotted Called Up Paid
|£ 100
|Par Value Share
|1631 each
|Number Shares Allotted
|£ 100
|Tangible Fixed Assets Increase Decrease From Revaluations
|£ 661,850
|Tangible Fixed Assets Disposals
|£ 2,232
|Tangible Fixed Assets Cost Or Valuation
|£ 750,000
|Tangible Fixed Assets Depreciation Decrease Increase On Disposals
|£ 1,600
Information about the Private Limited Company SUREBROOK FOODS & DRINKS LIMITED has been prepared for information purposes only. It is not intended to be nor does it constitute legal advice. This is public information provided by the official company register.


text:
Oliver Townsend
- TSt Andrews Voices Festival: Recommendationsthesaint-online.comGesualdo , Spain , Manchester , Royal Exchange , France
- Cinderella review – saucy and sweetThe Guardian
Frequent names
Newstral's extraction of names of people and organisations from the world's news is completely automated. If you do not want your name to appear here, please contact us. We will be happy to look at your request.


text:
Timber Drum Company Hard Poly Mallets
(Birch Handles)
Sku #J13918000001000
Timber Drum Company
Keyboard Mallets
- Write a Review
45 day price guarantee, 45 day return policy, 100% secure shopping
Compact, hard poly mallets for a percussive attack and bright tone.
The Timber Drum Company is a small shop dedicated to crafting American-made instruments. The Hard Poly Mallets with solid birch handles have a natural feel in hand with nice balance. They can be used for a wood block, energy chimes, xylophone, bells/glockenspiel and crotales.
- Made in the U.S.A.
- Solid birch handles
- Hard polyurethane heads for clear, bright tone
- 13" length
- 1" diameter head
Call or click to order today!


text:
Josiah joined Vector Capital as an Associate in 2015.
Prior to Vector, Josiah was an investment banking analyst in the Technology, Media, and Telecommunications group at Goldman, Sachs & Co. in San Francisco. He focused on a variety of transactions in the technology space including debt financings, equity offerings, leveraged buyouts, and M&A.
Josiah graduated summa cum laude from the University of Pennsylvania, receiving a B.S. in Economics from the Wharton School and a B.A. in Philosophy from the College of Arts and Sciences. He was a Joseph Wharton Scholar and Benjamin Franklin Scholar and was elected to Beta Gamma Sigma and Phi Sigma Tau.


text:
Marc Ribot (pronounced:ˈriːboʊ);[1] (born 21 May 1954 in Newark, New Jersey) is a Jewish American guitarist and composer.
His own work has touched on many styles, including no wave, free jazz, and Cuban music. Ribot is also known for collaborating with other musicians, most notably Tom Waits, Elvis Costello, and composer John Zorn.
Ribot has worked extensively as a session guitarist. He has performed and recorded with Tom Waits, John Zorn, David Sylvian, Jack McDuff, Wilson Pickett, The Lounge Lizards, Arto Lindsay, T-Bone Burnett, Medeski, Martin and Wood, Cibo Matto, Elysian Fields, Sam Phillips, Elvis Costello, David Poe, Allen Ginsberg, Foetus, Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, Susana Baca, The Black Keys, Stan Ridgway, Vinicio Capossela, Alain Bashung, Hector Zazou, McCoy Tyner, Madeline Peyroux, Marianne Faithfull, and others.
Ribot's earliest session work was featured on Tom Waits' Rain Dogs (1985) and helped define Waits' new musical direction.[2] Ribot worked with Waits on many of his following albums including Franks Wild Years (1987), Mule Variations (1999) and Real Gone (2004). He has appeared on Elvis Costello's Spike, Mighty Like a Rose (1991), and Kojak Variety (1995). Ribot has appeared on numerous recordings by John Zorn, including many of Zorn's Filmworks recordings, solo performances on Zorn's Masada Guitars (also featuring Bill Frisell and Tim Sparks), and is a member of Zorn's Bar Kokhba Sextet and Electric Masada .
Ribot's first two albums featured The Rootless Cosmopolitans, followed by an album of works by Frantz Casseus for solo guitar. Further releases found him working in a variety of band and solo contexts including two albums with his self-described "dance band", Marc Ribot y Los Cubanos Postizos[3] (The Prosthetic Cubans), featuring compositions by Arsenio Rodriguez.
Ribot admitted to Guitar Player a relatively-limited technical facility due to learning to play right-handed: "That's a real limit, one that caused me a lot of grief when I was working with Jack McDuff and realizing I wasn't following in George Benson's footsteps. I couldn't be a straight-ahead jazz contender if you held a gun to my head, but that begs the question of whether I would want to be one."[4]
He currently performs and records with his group Marc Ribot's Ceramic Dog with bassist Shahzad Ismaily and drummer Ches Smith of the avant-garde band Secret Chiefs 3.[5] Ribot's most current studio work involves several tracks accompanying the legendary pianist from John Coltrane's group, McCoy Tyner on his late 2008 album and DVD Guitars; which also features work with John Scofield, Bill Frisell and Derek Trucks.
A biographical documentary film about Marc Ribot was made, called The Lost String.
Ribot was also a judge for the 6th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.[6]
- Rootless Cosmopolitans (1990)
- Requiem for What's His Name (1992)
- Marc Ribot Plays Solo Guitar Works of Frantz Casseus (1993)
- Shrek (1994)
- The Book of Heads (1995)
- Don't Blame Me (1995)
- Shoe String Symphonettes (1997)
- The Prosthetic Cubans (1998)
- Yo! I Killed Your God (1999)
- Muy Divertido! (2000)
- Saints (2001)
- Scelsi Morning (2003)
- Soundtracks Volume 2 (2003)
- Spiritual Unity (2005)
- Asmodeus: Book of Angels Volume 7 (2007)
- Exercises in Futility (2008)
- Party Intellectuals (2008)
- ↑ "Marc Ribot biography". Marc Ribot Homepage. http://www.marcribot.com/bio.html. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
- ↑ Ruhlman, W. All Music Review of Raindogs accessed 3 September, 2008.
- ↑ A Fireside Chat with Marc Ribot
- ↑ Guitar Player, June 1997
- ↑ Ted Drozdowski (2008-06-25). "Marc Ribot's Ceramic Dog Party Intellectuals". The Boston Phoenix. http://thephoenix.com/Boston/Music/63648-MARK-RIBOTS-CERAMIC-DOG-PARTY-INTELLECTUALS/. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
- ↑ Independent Music Awards - 6th Annual Judges
External links
- Marc Ribot official website
- Marc Ribot at the Internet Movie Database
- Marc Ribot at MySpace
- The Complete Marc Ribot discography – includes all solo work as well as collaborations as a sideman in the projects of other musicians
|This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original article was at Marc Ribot. The list of authors can be seen in the page history.


text:
Your cart is currently empty. Click here to continue shopping.
Shipping & taxes calculated at checkout
Welcome to
Q Clothier
Sign-up to be notified about our latest releases, store openings, and more.
Shop Today
Any time. Any place.
Now available
Let's spend some time together.
On domestic orders over $98
Learn about our process.
Schedule a Fitting
Get your measurements. Enjoy a drink.


text:
HAZE Buzz 55mm Mirrored Sunglasses
Mixed-media frames in a classic, squared-off silhouette accentuate the eye-catching style of chic sunglasses fitted with mirror lenses. Color(s): grey marble, navy tribal stone, shiny solid black, soft tortoise. Brand: HAZE. Style Name:Haze Buzz 55Mm Mirrored Sunglasses. Style Number: 5392230. Available in stores. Learn More


text:
A few weeks ago on our Facebook page we asked what your top skin concerns were. We got a great response and wanted to give you some hints and tips to help. So here are your top skin concerns and along with what you can do and how we can help:
Wrinkles are a major concern for many women as the years go by. The important part of managing wrinkles is understanding what causes wrinkles: As many know, sun damage is to blame for 90 per cent of damage to your skin (regardless of your complexion). Second to that is smoking as it damages the skin's collagen, and then air pollution – all those toxins in the air can affect your skin by breaking down the vitamin E.
Of course, the natural process of aging can't be stopped, but it should be noted that as skin ages it loses the ability to defend against the above nasties.
What we can do: AAA Skin Solutions has a range of wonderful topical products, and of course treatments such as micro-dermabrasion and IPL. We offer free consultations to discuss your concerns.
What you can do: Wear sunscreen, take care of your body and avoid stress.
Dark circles and bags under eyes
Many women suffer from dark circles and bags under their eyes. These can have a number of causes, so it is important to look into it. In some cases, these are hereditary but in other cases there may be medical issue including nasal congestion, your monthly cycle, an allergic reaction or a kidney infection. We suggest popping into see your GP to double check. Outside of that, it could be your diet, lack of sleep, lack of water or too much time in front of the tv.
What we can do: We have some great topical products great for the under eye area, the ingredient to look out for is Q10. We suggest Synergie Practitioner Revitaleyes Eye Treatment Serum.
What you can do: Ever heard the saying, 'you are what you eat'? It's very true. Make sure you have a healthy diet and drink plenty of water. Also, we suggest taking some time away from the tv screen.
Pimples aren't just a concern for teenagers, many men and women have acne problems of varying degrees even into their later years. They are usually caused by sebaceous glands becoming infected with bacteria causing them to swell up.
What we can do: We can assist with microdermabrasion sessions once you have been to see a skin specialist. All acne is different.
What you can do: Healthy diet and follow the skin regimen prescribed to you.
The texture of your skin is affected by a number of things including sun damage, acne, rosacea, eczema and various medical conditions. Even being prenant can change the texture of your skin. No one's skin is perfect and there is no point being jealous of those celebrities who look picture perfect in the magazines your read, those photos go through a long retouching process before we even see them! However, there are a few things that can be done to make the texture of your skin look much better.
What we can do: Microdermabrasion sessions get rid of all those dead skin cells resulting in gorgeous smooth skin. We also have great scrubs, sun screens and moisturisers good for evening out that texture.
What you can do: As with many skin problems, eating a healthy diet is part of the solution, as is a good skin regimen that includes using a scrub containing AHA. We recommend Aspect Exfol L 15 (Exfloiating Serum). Also, get a good sun screen and keep your skin hydrated.
We'd love to hear from you about your skin concerns so feel free to drop us a line.


text:
Check these new deals we have for you at Walmart. Scenarios below.
At Walmart:
Buy one Cadbury Premium Pouch 5.5oz $3.59
Get $1/1 cashback from Checkout51 for buying Cadbury Premium Pouch (four different offers)
Use one $1/1 Cadbury Premium Pouch Printable Coupon
Price at register: $2.59 but you get $1 cashback from Checkout51
FYI – If you have a CVS nearby, you will want to do the Cadbury deal there instead. Here's a moneymaker scenario through 12/31!
Buy one Bob's Red Mill Gluten Free Oatmeal 2.36oz $1.88
Use one $1/1 Bob's Red Mill Product Printable Coupon
Thanks The Krazy Coupon LadyExtreme Couponing Tip: You can usually get two prints of most internet coupons. To find them in the easiest possible way, use our preclipped links that take you right to the coupon. Then come back and click the same link to get your 2nd print. This will save you the time spent searching for the coupon.
Never miss another hot coupon, deal or freebie again! "Like" Couponaholic .NET on Facebook, Follow us on Pinterest, Follow us on Twitter, Follow us on Instagram or Subscribe to our Daily Email Newsletter!


text:
"A successful campaign starts with team synergy and a great concept"
Lisbon, July 29th, 2016
Stine Hein and Felix Nielsen are life and business partners and together they founded Relax, we are the good guys (RWATGG) in 2009. The inspiration came about when they were visiting the charming capital of Argentina,
A Swiss Agency Tackles All Things Digital
Lausanne, May 9, 2016
Darwin Digital is a web development, design, and digital marketing agency based in Switzerland with offices in Lausanne and Geneva. Darwin Digital partners with companies to maximize their online potential and offers clients a responsive, collaborative
Moscow's Modest and Inspiring Digital Agency, m—2—h
Moscow, April 22, 2016.
Upon viewing the website of m—2—h, it's apparent that this Moscow-based team is not just another digital agency. The colors, the design, and the particular word selection immediately inform visitors that details matter, and that each
How to bring life back to websites and why
Sao Paulo, December 23, 2015.
Twist is a digital agency based in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Its Chief Communications Officer (CCO), Mauro Palacios spoke with TIA about the future of websites, his first steps in digital marketing and websites development and his
Pim van Helten and Michael Vromans: "Translating offline to online user experience is our speciality"
Rotterdan, October 15, 2015.
Pim van Helten and Michael Vromans are DPDK'S CEO and Creative director. They work on creative strategy for clients and the daily management of this agency based in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
They took a few minutes and
Huge Names Ben Callis Group Creative Director
Callis joins from SapientNitro, where he has been Creative Director since 2010
Digital agency Huge has bolstered its presence in Europe with a number of senior creative appointments.
Ben Callis is now Group Creative Director. He joins from SapientNitro, where
Loyalty or sale : decide before you invest in mobile solutions!
The strongest argument in favor of implementing mobile solutions is to increase sales in the e-shops. Increasingly, mobile solutions are expected to make measurable profit and quick return on the investment, and only then we pay attention to the branding
Hit Search win new marketing client Butterfly Twists
Fashion with a Twist
Digital marketing experts Hit Search have announced the acquisition of another pioneering fashion client, Butterfly Twists.
The ladies shoes brand specialise in fold-up shoes for any occasion. They're
Digital Impact Awards
About us: The Digital Impact Awards sets the industry-wide benchmark in digital stakeholder engagement. The programme provides an opportunity for staff, companies and agencies alike, to see their efforts recognised and to showcase the best in digital communications. This
Fetch is an award-winning global mobile marketing agency with offices in London, New York, San Francisco, Berlin and Hong Kong. It is part of the Dentsu Aegis Network which is Innovating the Way Brands Are Built for its clients through
Digital Jungle
Digital Jungle is a full service digital marketing agency that specializes in cross cultural projects & campaigns. Our core mission is to assist International organizations in deepening their brand relationships with a Chinese consumer; living in China or abroad. With
We create experiences that transform brands, grow businesses and make people's lives better.
Headquarters : Brooklyn 45 Main St, Suite 220, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
Phone : +1 718 625 4843
Email : email@example.com
Clients : American Express, Audi, Comcast, FX, Google, Gucci,
SapientNitro services global leaders such as Citi, The Coca-Cola Company, Mars, Singapore Airlines, Target, and Vodafone through our operations in North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.
Website:http://www.sapient.com/ https://www.facebook.com/SapientNitro
Boston 131 Dartmouth Street 3rd Floor Boston, MA 02116 Tel:
TH_NK is one of the UK's leading digital agencies with offices in London and Newcastle.
1st Floor 8-14 Vine Hill London EC1R 5DX United Kingdom
Tel : +44 (0) 207 504 6000
E-mail : email@example.com
Web : www.think.eu
Great Fridays
An experience design & digital strategy agency.
We are a creative digital agency of producers, planners, user experience architects, information architects, copywriters, analysts, designers and technologists who help our clients understand the needs of
Eurobest – The European Advertising Festival
The Eurobest Awards is now the biggest advertising awards for Europe's creative advertising industry. Eurobest has reached the end of a wonderful three years in one of Europe's most inspiring capitals. During its time in Lisbon, the Festival has drawn delegates from
Tribal DDB
Tribal DDB Worldwide isa digitally centric global advertising agency, headquartered in New York. But you can find them pretty much anywhere: with more than 56 offices spanning 38 countries throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia-Pacific region, they're never far from
At Numiko we work with our clients to develop a clear digital vision for the future, giving them the knowledge, tools and platforms to engage and inspire their audiences. We help organisations to prepare for digital projects that transform how