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A randomized controlled study about the use of eHealth in the home health care of premature infants
One area where the use of information and communication technology (ICT), or eHealth, could be developed is the home health care of premature infants. The aim of this randomized controlled study was to investigate whether the use of video conferencing or a web application improves parents' satisfaction in taking care of a premature infant at home and decreases the need of home visits. In addition, nurses' attitudes regarding the use of these tools were examined.
Thirty-four families were randomized to one of three groups before their premature infant was discharged from the hospital to home health care: a control group receiving standard home health care (13 families); a web group receiving home health care supplemented with the use of a web application (12 families); a video group with home health care supplemented with video conferencing using Skype (9 families). Families and nursing staff answered questionnaires about the usefulness of ICT. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 families.
All the parents in the web group found the web application easy to use. 83% of the families thought it was good to have access to their child's data through the application. All the families in the video group found Skype easy to use and were satisfied with the video calls. 88% of the families thought that video calls were better than ordinary phone calls. 33% of the families in the web group and 75% of those in the video group thought the need for home visits was decreased by the web application or Skype. 50% of the families in the web group and 100% of those in the video group thought the web application or the video calls had helped them feel more confident in caring for their child. Most of the nurses were motivated to use ICT but some were reluctant and avoided using the web application and video conferencing.
The families were satisfied with both the web application and video conferencing. The families readily embraced the use of ICT, whereas motivating some of the nurses to accept and use ICT was a major challenge.
eHealth, the use of information and communications technology (ICT) in health care,
Neonatology, the care of the diseases of newborn infants, is a field where eHealth has not yet been applied to any significant extent, but where it could potentially be useful. Because of their immaturity and associated illnesses, premature infants (i.e. infants born at gestational ages 23–37 weeks) often need hospital care at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for several weeks after birth. The illness and prolonged hospitalization of the infant are very stressful for the parents and inhibit the development of a normal parent-infant relationship
Having the baby at home can initially be difficult for parents who may not yet feel confident taking care of their infant and who often have concerns and questions about the infant's health and development
Already in 1994, a project on using telemedicine/eHealth in the care of prematurely born infants in the home was performed in Gothenburg
Another uncontrolled study where video conferencing was offered to a small group of parents whose premature infants were discharged from the hospital showed that parents experienced video conferencing as positive
In the present study, we hypothesized that use of eHealth would improve communication between parents of premature infants and home health care nurses and enhance the families' feeling of confidence in caring for their infant. The families were randomized to one of three study groups, one receiving standard home health care, one receiving home health care supplemented by the use of a customized web-based eHealth system, and a third group receiving home heath care supplemented by video conferencing using Skype to communicate with neonatal nurses. The results show that the telecommunication methods were well accepted by the parents and that their use made parents more confident taking care of their infant at home. Many families also felt that telecommunication could decrease the need of home visits and could therefore make home health care more cost-effective.
Approval by the institutional review board
The study was approved by the Regional Research Ethics Committee in Gothenburg.
The web application
The neonatal application of Care@Distance contains a formulary (Figure
Figure 1
Screenshots of web pages from the web application used in the study
Screenshots of web pages from the web application used in the study.
Internet calls using Skype
Skype is a commercially available, widely used, off-the-shelf program for video conferencing over the internet. It is free of charge, and easy to install and use. The user logs in with a username and a password and can call other Skype users with voice or video calls through a contact list, and also send them text messages. Hardware requirements are a Windows or Macintosh computer with internet access. For video calls, a web camera, a microphone, and speakers are necessary. For video calls, Skype recommends a broadband connection with a minimum of 128 kilobits per second down- and upload speed
Eligibility of patients, randomization, and study groups
All families with preterm babies who were treated at Sahlgrenska University Hospital and who were going to be assigned to health care at home were eligible for the study if they did not meet any of the following exclusion criteria: the parents had inadequate knowledge of Swedish, the parents did not have a computer and internet connection at home, the infant was expected to need home health care for a very short time (less than a week), or the parents did not want to use a computer or a web camera.
After informed consent, the families were randomized into one of three groups. Group 1 was a control group receiving standard home health care. Group 2 (web group) had home health care complemented with the web application, and were asked to answer the questions presented there once a day. They were also encouraged to write individual messages or questions to the nurses either through the form or through the internal mail function. If interested, the families could follow their child's progress using the web application graphs. In addition to oral explanation the families were given written instructions about the use of the web application. The families in group 3 (video group) had similar home care to those in Group 1, except that they had video conferencing with nurses instead of the traditional phone calls. The families in group 3 were given a bag containing a HD web camera (Logitech QuickCam Pro9000 for PC users and Logitech QuickCam Vision Pro for Mac users), a set of speakers (Ace G35) and a compact disc containing the installation program for Skype version 5.3. The families were given both oral and written instructions about the use of the web camera and Skype. Each family participated in the study for as long as they were included in the home health care program.
Nursing personnel
Six nurses at the hospital were involved in the home health care program. All of them participated in the study. Each nurse worked in home health care for a period of 6 weeks and then for 12 weeks either at the level II nursery or at the level II of the hospital. At any given time, two of the nurses did home visits, two worked at the level II nursery, and two at the NICU.
When it was clear that a baby would eventually receive home health care, a nurse at the hospital gave the family information about the home health care and about the study, obtained informed consent, and randomized the family. The nurse who subsequently took care of the family at home was not necessarily the same one who had given the information and randomized the family. The family was allocated to a home health care nurse depending on the number of patients each nurse had and, to minimize driving times, on the area where the family lived. Although it was preferable to have only one nurse during the whole home health care period, this was not always possible due to the rotation and vacations of the nurses. All the nurses were trained in the use of both the web application and Skype.
All three patient groups received regular home visits where the nurse measured the weight and head circumference of the child. The nurse also helped the parents take care of the baby, assisted with tube and breast feeding, answered any questions the parents might have, and changed the nasogastric feeding tube when indicated.
For the families in the web group, the nurses were supposed to enter the weight and head circumference data of the children into the web application. They were also supposed to give daily feedback though the application to the families who had sent a report about their child's health status and to answer any questions the parents had presented via the application.
In all groups, the nurses called the families to check on how the baby was doing and to make plans for the next home visit. The families in the Skype group were supposed to receive video calls instead of regular telephone calls. The equipment the nurses used was a laptop PC (Asus K72DR-TY030V) with HD web camera (Logitech QuickCam Pro9000) and speakers (Logitech X-140) or a headset (Logitech Headset Premium).
Evaluation methods
Parent questionnaire
After discharge from the home health care program, the families were asked to answer a questionnaire about their experience of various aspects of the home health care. The questionnaire contained questions about the home health care program in general and about the home visits. These questions were the same for all the three groups. In addition, the Skype group and the web group had questions concerning their respective methods. Most questions were answerable on a five-point Likert-like scale, and for the rest, three alternatives were given (yes, no, or no opinion). Families were also encouraged to write freely worded comments.
Interviews of parents
Semi-structured interviews were performed on 16 families, 7 in the control group, 6 in the web group, and 3 in the Skype group. All parents were interviewed in their homes. The interviews lasted from 45 min to 1 hour and were audio-recorded and transcribed. The interviews were conducted mean 5.5 ± 0.84 months after the infant was discharged from home health care.
Nurse questionnaire
In order to get information about nurses' experiences of and attitudes about the use of the web application or of Skype, they were likewise asked to fill out a questionnaire that contained questions on the usage and user acceptance of both the web application and communication by Skype.
Presentation of numerical data
Data is expressed as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) or as median (range). Gestational ages are expressed as weeks (wks) + days (d).
Characteristics of the mothers and infants
Characteristics of the mothers and infants are shown in Table
Families' opinions about the home health care in general
Almost all the parents were very satisfied with the home health care (Table
In their free-response comments on the questionnaires as well as during the semi-structured interviews, all the parents expressed great satisfaction with the home care they had received.
"It was luxurious to have someone come and meet us in our own home. Very nice and pleasant."
They were relieved and happy to be able to leave the hospital and felt that the home visits helped them to feel confident at home with their baby.
"It was great that the nurse came, it was so nice to know that she would come in a day or two and one could ask her if one was wondering about something."
All the parents reported that the visits at home worked very well. They felt that the nurses were very competent and friendly and appreciated the possibility of being able to discuss problems and ask questions without feeling time pressure. The parents particularly appreciated being able to contact the hospital neonatal unit at any time of the day, although few of them needed to call.
"Wonderful to have nursing staff within easy reach by phone if there was something and very convenient that they came home."
Results specific to the use of the web application
Computer experience of the families
All the families estimated that their computer experience was extensive (Table
Web application: ease of use, content, and usefulness
The general impression of the web application was positive. Ten out of 12 families (83%) found the application to be good or very good, and the rest thought it was neither good nor bad. All the families found the application easy to use (Table
Most families answered the questions about their baby's health every day.
During the interviews, the families described their positive experiences as follows:
"The webpage was another possibility of contacting the home care nurse. It was easy to use, a complement to the home visits. Answering the questions on the webpage was an opportunity for reflection, how has the day been, how has our daughter been."
"The questions on the webpage reminded us of what is important for our child."
"The webpage gave us a possibility of more frequent updates than the home visits."
On the other hand, some of the infants were so stable throughout the period they were included in home health care that the families felt no need for the web application:
"The webpage was not so interesting for us since she was so healthy and easy to take care of that it did not make that much difference."
"We wrote the same answers every day since our daughter was doing so well. We could have been fine without the webpage, but it was nice to have it anyway. It was nice that the nurse knew how we were doing when she came so we did not need to explain it to her during the home visits."
The answers entered by the parents and the weight and head circumference measurements of the infant entered by the nurses could be seen in graphic form utilizing the web application. Thereby the progress of the infant could be easily visualized. This feature was appreciated by the parents.
The nurses were supposed to read the parents' answers and send a comment back to them. Most families (8 of 12 families, or 67%) reported having received feedback from the nurse about the data they entered both through the applications message function and during home visits. However, one family (8%) felt that it had received very little feedback and 4 families (25%) claimed they had received no feedback from the nurse about the information they had entered. Several families commented about the importance of getting feedback.
For acute questions, the families were asked to call the neonatal nursery at the hospital, but in less urgent cases, they could ask the home health nurse questions through the web application. The families reported having asked the nurses about the infant's weight, nutrition, vomiting, stooling pattern, and stomach problems, as well as about the use of skin-to-skin. In most cases, the nurses answered the question the same day or the following morning. All of the families participating in the study had the possibility of reaching the nurses at any time by calling on their mobile phone. Some families commented that although using the web application was easy, calling the nurses on the phone was even more straightforward and that they preferred to have a personal contact with the nurse.
"The web was like a phone call with a long response time. Some phone calls could perhaps be replaced by messages, but it seems more convenient to call the nurse directly."
"We could use the web instead of calling. But often when you wonder about something, you want an answer right away."
"We had the possibility of calling the hospital in the evenings and at night. To call was more natural, more personal. We had some questions we wanted answered directly."
"We could always call the hospital. The web is an anonymous way of communicating, a quiet anonymous communication. You want to speak to a real person. Communication with a person is really important to make one feel reassured."
The web application included a link to an information booklet compiled by the Division of Neonatology so that the parents could find information about various aspects of the care of a newborn and of a premature infant. 92% of the families got information and answers to their questions using this link. Only one family had not looked for information in the booklet.
A third of the families would have wanted to add some features to the web application. Additional features desired by the families were a better diagram function, direct contact with the nurse through e.g. chat, compatibility with other web browsers, daily e-mail reminders to answer the questions, and more links to sites containing information about the growth and development of premature infants. One family would have liked to be able to contact other families with premature infants through the web application.
50% of the families felt that the web application had helped them feel more confident in the care of their child. 33% thought that its use could reduce the need of home visits, although not completely replace them.
Results specific to the use of Skype
All the families found Skype easy to use and were satisfied with the video calls (Table
Seven of the eight families (87.5%) considered video calls better than ordinary phone calls. The family that had received only one video call thought that a telephone call would have been as good. All the other families commented on the questionnaire that seeing the nurse improved communication. Although the possibility of showing the child to the nurse was appreciated, only two families had shown their child to the nurse using the web camera.
"It is easier to understand when you can see the other person's body language."
"A picture emphasizes the words."
"It was possible to show the child to the nurse if there was a problem that could be "seen"."
Importantly, all the families reported that the video calls helped them feel more confident in the care of their child at home (Table
"I think Skype could have replaced every other or every third visit."
"For me it would have worked well with Skype. It would have worked for me 80% of the time, but 20% of the visits are indispensable. That someone comes and looks at her."
"I think Skype could have replaced some visits. It worked great."
Overall, the Skype families' comments on the questionnaires and during the interviews revealed their enthusiasm for the video calls:
"Skype is a great solution and we hope more parents will be able to use it."
"A very interesting project that certainly can develop home health care."
"A great form of health care – we are so pleased!"
"We sat with V. (the child) in our lap like a little family photo. It was great. It is wonderful that such progress exists, new possibilities for children."
Families in the control group also commented during the interviews on the possibility of using video calls in home health care:
"It would be possible to combine Skype and home visits."
"If we had had Skype, we would have seen one another and you could show the child's equipment and get instructions on how to use it. It could have replaced visits where the nurse did not have to do anything, such as weigh the baby."
"We hoped that we would have been assigned to the Skype group. It would have been a great complement to home visits. It would have felt safer to be connected to the hospital in this way."
Some families in the web group also had opinions about the use of Skype:
"We think that Skype could have been better than the home page. We hoped we would be assigned to the Skype group. We are used to talking to our parents with Skype."
"If we had had Skype, it would have been sufficient to have a home visit only every other week. To replace home visits, Skype would have been better than the webpage."
Opinions and attitudes of the nurses about the use of telecommunication in home health care
Results from the nursing personnel questionnaire
Five of the six home health care nurses answered the questionnaire, and one chose not to contribute. The five nurses who answered the questionnaire had a mean age of 48 ± 3 years, median age of 50 years (range 38 to 56), and were thus significantly older than the parents.
The youngest nurse estimated her computer experience as extensive, three nurses as moderate, and one as slight, although the hospital has used electronic patient charts for over a decade and thus all the nurses used the computer daily at work for writing nursing reports for patient charts. Four nurses (80%) used the internet socially daily, whereas one nurse (20%) seldom used the internet. Only one nurse (20%) used Skype privately.
All the nurses were allowed to inform and recruit families for this study as soon as it was clear that the family would eventually receive home health care. However, it turned out that two of the nurses informed a much larger number of families (17–18) than the other three (0–9). They also had a much higher acceptance rate (80-90%), compared to 30-45% for the others. The nurses who had the lowest acceptance rate also thought that the families were less interested in the study than those with high acceptance rate. Overall, 70% of the families accepted participation in the study.
The nurse informing the family was generally not the same one who subsequently would make home visits to the family. Due to the rotation and vacations of the nurses, the family could have more than one nurse during their stay in the home health care program. 59% of the families had the same nurse during the whole duration of the home health care, 35% had two different nurses, and 6% had three different nurses.
Most (80%) of the nurses thought the study was good or very good. The nurse with least computer experience thought the study was neither good nor bad. The freely worded comments of the nurses revealed differences in the attitudes of the nurses about the study:
"I think the study is interesting. I am interested in developing the care of the infants and in finding new possibilities. It is important that care keeps pace with the society's technological development."
"We can use these new communication methods in home health care."
"I have not learned to use the methods well enough. It is mostly my own fault."
Nurses' opinions about the web application
All the five nurses who answered the questionnaire used the web application during the study. All of them thought the web application was good. Most of the nurses found it easy to use.
80% of the nurses thought that the parents appreciated the application, and 60% thought that it contributed to the care of the infants and made it safer.
80% of the nurses reported that it was very easy to read and send messages through the application forms or through the dialogue box. However, only 60% of the nurses checked the families' messages daily, 20% only once a week, and one nurse even less often. Only one nurse (20%) sent messages to the families daily, 3 nurses (60%) approximately once a week, and one (20%) less often.
Although four (80%) of the nurses thought the application had the right amount of functions and one (20%) had no opinion, the results showed that very few of the functions were utilized during the study. Almost 70% of the functions were practically not used at all. Those functions which were used were choosing patients, reading and sending messages, adding patients, viewing diagrams, and registering measurements.
When asked whether they would use the web application outside of the study, 3 nurses (60%) answered yes, 2 (40%) maybe. In the questionnaires, the nurses commented the use as follows:
"It is good to have a dialogue with the parents even on the days when I do not make a home visit to them. I can get an idea of how they feel. It is good that the parents can see the weight curve. Also good to have information and advice about the premature infants easily accessible for the parents on the webpage."
"Some parents have used the possibility of sending messages which has been useful."
"I am not sure about the usefulness of the web form which the parents are supposed to answer every day."
"I am struggling with my lack of motivation. I need more time to get used to the study."
Nurses' opinions about using Skype
Only two nurses used Skype during the study. One of them thought that Skype was easy to learn and use, whereas the other one thought it was neither easy nor difficult. Both nurses felt that the families had appreciated the video calls, and they expressed an interest in using Skype for communication with families also outside of the study. Both nurses considered that the sound quality was good and the image quality medium. Some technical problems related to the Internet connection at the hospital had occurred.
Discussions with the nurses
The study was discussed with the nurses on several occasions prior to, during, and after the study. The attitudes expressed by the nurses reflected the results of the questionnaire. Two of the nurses were clearly enthusiastic about the possibility of using ICT in home health care and also had suggestions about how to use it. Two others were moderately interested in the use of ICT and saw the study as potentially positive, although they expressed some doubts about the usefulness of ICT. One nurse was not very motivated but accepted the study as a part of her work. One of the nurses, on the other hand, had a clearly negative attitude. She felt that the use of ICT was a threat to the personal relationship between the parents and the nurse and was afraid that the use of ICT would lessen her possibility of visiting the families. She also expressed the opinion that the use of the internet and mobile phones by the families should be discouraged in general, since these activities, according to her, took families' attention away from their infant. She was reluctant to learn the use of the web application and Skype and felt that telecommunication would increase her work load, whereas the other nurses reported that viewing the data sent by the parents and answering their questions took less than 10 minutes of work time daily and that Skype calls took approximately the same amount of time as regular telephone calls that the parents received in the control group.
We report here the attitudes, satisfaction, and experiences of parents of preterm infants and home health nurses about home health care supplemented with the use of a web application or Skype calls.
Although the results are based on a limited number of families, most of the answers point in the same direction. Families generally seemed very happy with the care they were given in the home health care program. The families felt confident taking care of their infant at home despite the infants' early discharge from hospital care. This is promising considering the previous studies showing high anxiety, insecurity and stress in parents after discharge from NICU
Even though all families were satisfied with the care at home independent of study group, the addition of ICT was appreciated in most cases. This was especially obvious in the Skype group, where all the families felt that Skype had helped them feel more confident with the care of their infant. The fact that 62.5% of the families thought the home visits could be reduced and one family even thought they could be replaced altogether by Skype indicates how useful the video conferencing was felt to be. If a larger study confirms that the use of video conferencing decreases the need of home visits, more families could be included in home health care, making it more cost-effective. Using video conferencing may also make it possible to include in the home health care service families living so far away from the hospital that home visits are impracticable. Similarly, a nonrandomized small study showed that video conferencing helped parents feel confident in the care of their premature child at home
Although families in the web group were positive to the use of the web application, they appeared less enthusiastic than those in the Skype group. Some of the families felt that their baby was doing so well that they did not feel motivated to answer the same questions every day, since their answers were similar on most days. Whereas some families used the application to ask the nurse questions, others felt that it was easier to call the nurse directly on the phone and get an answer right away. One problem with the web application was the fact that some families received no feedback from the nurses on the information they entered. The lack of motivation and passivity of some of the nurses was problematic. Although the nurses were supposed to read the health report and questions sent by the parents at least on the days when they were not making a home visit to the family, some nurses seldom answered the family.
The parents, who were younger and who reported more experience with computers than the nurses, also embraced the use of telecommunication in the home health care more readily than some of the nurses. The attitudes of the nurses towards the use of the web application and Skype varied from enthusiastic to very reluctant. Two nurses informed and recruited patients to the study much more actively than the others. They also reported that the families were more interested in the study and had a higher opinion of the study than most of the others. It seems evident that nurses with an enthusiastic attitude towards the study delivered information about the study in a more encouraging way which in turn affected the families' willingness to participate. These nurses also used the web application and Skype actively. Two other nurses saw the potential of the study to improve health care while expressing some concerns, one nurse accepted the study as part of her responsibilities whereas one saw the study as a threat and avoided using the telecommunication methods. Similarly, in a maternity-care service called Net Clinic where patients and caregivers could communicate bilaterally using the Internet, three types of attitudes from the nurses were detected
This paper covers results from a study on the use of eHealth applications designed for neonatal care in the home. Results indicate that use of video conferencing was greatly appreciated by the families and was felt to reduce the need of home visits. Using a web application for daily collection of data was another potentially useful alternative. Although the nurses generally adapted well to the use of ICT, motivating some of the nurses was a challenge.
D: Day;HD: High definition;ICT: Information and communication technology;NICU: Neonatal intensive care unit;SEM: Standard error of the mean;wk: Week
Competing interests
There are no known competing interests in this study.
Authors' contributions
All authors participated in the planning of the study. AG, KL, BAS, and KB designed the questionnaires. AG was in charge of the technical support, and designed the web application together with KL and BAS. AG trained the nurses in the use of ICT. AG and KB analyzed the results and were the main authors of the manuscript. HW interviewed the families. KL, BAS and KB supervised and were responsible for the project. They took part in all decisions on design and analysis, and were also the main providers of funding. EH was medically responsible for the project. All authors approved the manuscript.
We would like to thank the nursing staff and families at Sahlgrenska University Hospital neonatal home health care for their collaboration in this study. The study was partly funded by Swedish government grants for medical research (ALF), a research grant from the Västra Götalands region, and VINNOVA (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems).
What is e-health?
Early NICU discharge of very low birth weight infants: a critical review and analysis
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"I wanted to do a good job": Experiences of 'becoming a mother' and breastfeeding in mothers of very preterm infants after discharge from a neonatal unit
Transition of Preterm Infants from Hospital to Home
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Telemedicin för hemövervakning av nyfödda kortar vårdtid och höjer kvalitet
Taking care of their baby at home but with nursing staff as support: The use of videoconferencing in providing neonatal support to parents of preterm infants
Assisting the transition from hospital to home for children with major congenital heart disease by telemedicine: a feasibility study and initial results
Home support for children with complex congenital heart disease using videoconferencing via broadband: initial results
Baby CareLink: Using the Internet and Telemedicine to Improve Care for High-Risk Infants
Supporting the transition from hospital to home for premature infants using integrated mobile comuting and sensor support
FitBaby: Using observations of daily living to improve the health of preterm infants and their caregivers
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NICU-2-HOME: supporting the transition to home from the neonatal intensive care unit using a mobile application
"Maternity clinic on the net service" and its introduction into practice: experiences of maternity-care professionals
The heart of the matter. About good nursing and telecare
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Global Demand Response (DR) Market 2014-2018
About Demand Response Demand response is a change in the electricity usage pattern by end customers from their usual consumption, in response to change in electricity prices or change in incentive payments designed to encourage lower electricity usage during peak load issues. It is an essential way out for utilities to manage system peaks by controlling customer loads. It acts as a major link between retail customers and the distributors of electricity. The utility can better manage demand and supply, while the consumers are benefitted from incentives for load reduction and program participation. This approach has proven to be an effective power demand control solution in the US and is currently being deployed in other parts of the world. TechNavio's analysts forecast the Global Demand Response Market to grow at a CAGR of 16.6 percent during 2013-2018 . Covered in this Report TechNavio's report, Global Demand Response Market 2014-2018, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the Global Demand Response market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. The report also includes end-user and region wise segmentation of the Demand Response market. Information about key vendors operating in this market is also provided. Key Regions • Americas • APAC • EMEA Key Vendors • ABB • Honeywell International • Johnson Controls • Schneider Electric • Siemens AG Other Prominent Vendors • Enernoc • GE • Comverge • Eaton Market Driver • Increased Electricity Cost • For a full, detailed list, view our report Market Challenge • Lack of Consumer Awareness • For a full, detailed list, view our report Market Trend • Increased Renewable Installations • For a full, detailed list, view our report For a full, detailed list, view our report Key Questions Answered in this Report • What will the market size be in 2018 and what will the growth rate be? • What are the key market trends? • What is driving this market? • What are the challenges to market growth? • Who are the key vendors in this market space? • What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the key vendors? • What are the strengths and weaknesses of the key vendors?

subset: commoncrawl


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The Undead creatures that have risen from the grave to terrorize the living, it is common to see the Undead as the 'forces of Evil'. We saw them in many Movies, Videogames and TV Shows. I've decided to list some of these Undead and their abilities in this Blog Post.
Death/Grim ReaperThe personification of Death. He (She in some other media) may be either Good and is simply doing his/her job of sending souls to the Afterlife, or Evil wants to devour the living. S/He can control the aspects of death and to some extention life as well. The Personification of Death may be regarded as a cosmic force.
- Shape-Shifting: Death may take on a normal form as Death may have no real form or has an incomprehensional form that can kill.
- Death Inducement: if Death is evil then s/he can kill with a thought.
- Probability Manipulation: can kill someone by causing an 'accident'.
- Ressurection: If Death is good s/he may ressurect someone and give them a second chance in life.
- Omniscience: S/He needs to know everything. His/Her job demands it.
- Space Manipulation: May be anywhere s/he needs to be.
- Time Manipulation: can travel through time.
- Elemental Manipulation: can control the forces of nature by sending in natural hazards.
- Immortality: Death is an eternal concept. Death may also grant Immortality.
NecromancersThey are technically not Undead but they are living people who have the power to summon the dead to serve them. They would often be the leader of an Undead army. In some stories the power of Necromancy is born to few people to avoid some plotholes to the stories (Example: so if the power of Necromancy is available to everyone the whole world will be at war with zombies walking around)
- Reanimation: Obviously a Necromancer is someone who specializes in the power to summon or ressurect the dead.
- Biological Manipulation: Necromancer's can control corpses and may be able to alter those corpses to create an undead minion.
- Healing: in a twisted version- Necromancers can only heal the Undead.
- Enhanced Intelligence: if Necromancy is hard to learn then the Necromancer has this.
- Immortality: has done evil methods to extend his/her life.
- Clairvoyance: limited may know what is needed to know by means of using spirits as spies.
- Animation: limited to making Skeletons move.
- Ectokinesis: can manipulate ghostly substance.
LichesLiches are sorcerers/sorceress that came back from the dead due to having their souls stored in an object. A Lich's appearance may range from normal-looking to completely skeletal/corpse-like. Liches are able to use magic meaning they are the most dangerous of the Undead. If they are in an Undead army, expect them to be the Lieutenants or Generals. A Necromancer may have the possibility of turning into a Lich due to their associations with the Undead.
- Magic: they are able to use magic that they've used when they were alive.
- Elemental Manipulation: may control the forces of nature.
- Telekinesis: may influence things with a thought.
- Teleportation: some Liches can do this.
- Immortality: as long as the object containing their soul is not damaged.
- Ectokinesis: may control ghostly substance.
- Summoning: can summon ghosts or fellow Undead armies.
Spirits/Souls of a dead person, may have good intentions and just wants to leave a message to the loved ones they left. May be evil and is bound to the Living World with their vengeance or dark desires. If in an Undead army, they may be the spies or messengers.
- Intangibility: cannot be physically hindered, you need to use magic to get a hold on them.
- Levitation: allowing them to fly.
- Inivisibility: can render themselves unseen.
- Possession: may be able to take over a person's body though some conditions should meet.
These Undead are said to be animalistic and have the appearance of a corpse. Ghouls are probably a beatial or mutated version of a zombie. They feast on the living and are worse than zombies. In an Undead army they are the soldiers with the big guns.
- Super Strength: strong enough to tear people's limbs off.
- Enhanced Endurance: can take on a lot of damage.
- Enhanced Dexterity: can achieve some stunts.
- Healing: Ghouls can heal themselves and can reattach torn off limbs.
Bodies of Ancient Egyptians wrapped in bandages (that have spells written in it)., that come to life whenever their tomb is opened. Some Mummies are depicted as being able to cast magic or is simply having enhancements on the body. Mummies can be defeated by having certain objects (which are sometimes magical) used on them.
- Super Strength: Can tear down metal, puch down walls and throw a man with an arm.
- Paper Manipulation: have control over their bandages which is made of paper.
- Enhanced Durability: can take in huge amounts of damage.
- Immortality: as long as their bodies are intact.
Revenants are creatures that were perfectly ressurected. Yes, they were dead but they came back with their normal appearance, memories and even powers intact. It is like they are reborn. They seek to get revenge on those who wronged them before and most probably want to get back at the one who killed them (well the ones who were murdered anyway). They also may have a time limit on their stay on the Living World, they may also have Immortality bestowed to them if they are ressurected by a Necromancer.
- Genetic Memory: they still retain their memories, personalities, appearance, bodies and powers.
- Immortality: may be bestowed by the Necromancer who revived them.
- Regneration: method of maintaining Immortality.
Animated bondes that attack the living. Probably the weakest of the Undead, used as foot soldiers or distractions of the Undead army.
- Bone Manipulation: The Necromancer might be kind enough to bestow magic over the Skeleton's bones.
Undead Child
Creepiest of the Undead may range from a rotting fetus to a child with corpse-like appearance.
- Emotion Manipulation: well has an indirect control over a person's will to attack it.
- Organic Constructs may have their bodies altered.
Reanimated corpses with a rotting appearance. They may be flesh-eating or may be infective. In an Undead army they are the foot soldiers.
- Enhanced Strength: not so strong but they can do much if they give the effort.
- Enhanced Durability: can take in some damage.
Blood-sucking creatures, they have become a seperate from the Undead. They are the most fearsome and versatile of the Undead.
- Super Strength: can perform great feats of strength
- Super Speed: can move faster than the eye can follow.
- Immortality: they never age and cannot die of diseases.
- Healing: they can heal themselves, taking in blood is optional.
- Evolution: each vampire have a unique ability.
- Monster Mimicry: they can take on a horrific appearance and increase their strength and power.
- Shape-Shifting: can take on several forms (the bat is a popular form)
I'll stop from here now, and I hope you enjoyed reading this. Till next time!


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Unstuffed Cabbage Rolls
Recipe by BelleTerre
I first read this in a magazine, but can't remember which one. It's been changed some to suit my family's taste. It's simple and easy and can be easily converted to a crock pot recipe for a potluck. Don't forget to serve with mashed potatoes!
Top Review by Hey Jude
I made this two days ago and held off my review until we had the leftovers tonight. I loved it the first night, my husband just liked it. We had the leftovers tonight and HE loved it, as did I. It definitely improves with a day of aging! I made some changes, due to availability of ingredients: I used 2 14.5 oz. cans of chopped tomatoes with Italian seasonings and then added a bit of dried basil, oregano and parsley (just a couple of shakes of each). I didn't have quick-cooking rice so I used about 2/3 cup of Uncle Ben's and added water when I thought it was getting too dry....that worked so well I would do it the same way the next time I make this. Also, and the main reason I made this recipe, I used about 3/4 of a bag of coleslaw mix....sliced cabbage and carrots. I had it in the fridge and didn't want to waste it so this ended up being a clean out the fridge recipe that worked out just great. The only thing I would pay more attention to is the cider vinegar....I was a bit careless with the measurement and added a bit more than the recipe stated (my fault) and, at first, I thought I had ruined the recipe because the taste was so strong but after I added the rice, and more water, the taste was perfect. We really loved this recipe for it's simplicity and for using ingredients you have around the kitchen, especially those bags of cabbage you get from the produce department! We'll definitely make this again! Thank you BelleTerre for posting this excellent recipe :)
See Discussion:1 Review
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 lb ground beef
- 1⁄2 cup onion, chopped
- 3 cups of coarsely chopped cabbage
- 1 (28 ounce) can diced tomatoes, undrained
- 1 teaspoon dried Italian spices
- 1 tablespoon brown sugar
- 1 tablespoon cider vinegar
- salt and pepper
- 1 cup quick-cooking rice
Directions See How It's Made
- Brown meat in a large pan, or Dutch oven over medium heat.
- Add onion and saute until onion is translucent.
- Add cabbage and stir until wilted.
- Add remaining ingredients except for the rice in order given.
- Mix well and bring to a boil then reduce heat, cover and simmer covered 45 to 60 minutes.
- In the last 10 minutes add the rice and continue to simmer.
- If the rice soaks up too much liquid, just add some water 1/2 cup at a time.


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Draw your cutlass and set sail for adventure!
For thousands of years, pirates have captured the imagination, their rough-and-tumble lives filled with a boundless lust for blood, gold, and glory. Being a pirate is the ultimate freedom—freedom to take what you want and never apologize. Whether from the decks of massive slave galleons or beneath the sails of swift ships, pirates hunt the seas, singing chanteys and hoisting the Jolly Roger as they seek out the next unsuspecting merchant. They are the wolves of the sea, and their hunger can never be sated.
Whether you want to abandon the life of a landlubber to join a pirate crew, hunt down their murderous ships in the name of justice, or simply follow a mysterious map to buried treasure, Pirates of the Inner Sea has everything you need to know about piracy on Golarion, all of it one hundred percent player-friendly and ready to guide you on your journey.
This Pathfinder Player Companion is intended for use with the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game and Pathfinder campaign setting, but can easily be used in any fantasy game setting. In addition, it is particularly useful for players of the Skull & Shackles Adventure Path.
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Each bimonthly 32-page Pathfinder Companion contains several player-focused articles exploring the volume's theme as well as short articles with innovative new rules for social, magic, religious, and combat-focused characters, as well as traits to better anchor the player to the campaign.
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Pathfinder RPG to be Made into Pathfinder Duels Digital CCG,
First CRPG Pathfinder Game in Development by Owlcat Games and Game Designer Chris Avellone,
Pathfinder RPG: Book of the Damned Explores the Workings of the Powerful Forces of Evil,
Syrinscape Announces License for Starfinder Roleplaying Game,
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text:
Pure (99.99%) gold is 24 carats by weight. If you know the given carats of a piece of jewerly (ie 8,14,18 etc) divide that number against 24 to find its purity/percentage.
Also of note. A piece of jewerly that is less than 8 carats is not considered gold but only gold filled.


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Like drinking wine? Like hanging out with gay porn stars? How about drinking wine with gay porn stars!? Then we've got an event for you. In fact, it's three full days of events. If you're in the Northern California area, Gay Wine Weekend 2013 kicks off this Friday, June 14, and runs to Sunday, June 16. It all takes place in the gorgeous Sonoma Valley, which is about 45 minutes north of San Francisco and home to some of the world's most delicious wines and wineries. And to sweeten the deal, porn stars Trenton Ducati and JR Bronson (above) will be on hand to meet and greet (and drink!) with their fans. There will also be music and dancing in a private-estate vineyard, wine-tasting excursions, champagne brunch and a wine auction. Hiccup! COLT Studio Group is one of the sponsors of Out in the Vineyard, which benefits Face to Face, Sonoma County AIDS Network. For more information, visit GayWineWeekend.com.
Tags: Trenton Ducati (48), JR Bronson (4), COLT Studio (84), gay events (41),


text:
Although fragrances can be a Migraine trigger for some Migraineurs, lavender aromatherapy is often recommended for Migraine. Lavender is soothing and relaxing, and for some Migraineurs, that's a big help while we wait for our medications to work and the Migraine to pass.
Lavender has been cherished for centuries for its potent essential oil, which has soothing properties to ease tension, insomnia, stress, and headaches. Lavender oil is also known for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties as well as its ability to balance dry or oily skin, making it excellent for all skin types.
This Planting Seeds gift set contains three items:
- a four-ounce lavender aromatherapy candle,
- a four-ounce oatmeal lavender soap, and
- a packet of lavender seeds (pot not included).
I tried both the soap and candle during a Migraine attack. The light scent was enough to enjoy, but not too heavy. It was apparent to me that both products are made with quality, natural aromatherapy ingredients. For some Migraineurs, products such as these, made with quality natural ingredients instead of synthetic ingredients, can be very helpful without the scent being a problem. The relaxation properties of the lavender were quite welcome as I waited for my medications to work.
This is definitely a set that I would buy for myself or as a gift for someone else.
A Special Note:
Lather has announced that they aim to give back" with a new lavender-themed gift set that supports headache awareness, education, and outreach. Five dollars from the sale of each new Planting Seeds Gift Set ($20) will benefit the National Headache Foundation (NHF).
Emilie Hoyt, the founder of Lather, is a Migraineur herself. Ten years ago. the idea for Lather blossomed from a gift of lavender soap that relieved her Migraines. Regarding this gift set and the gift to the NHF, she stated:
"I am personally proud to partner with National Headache Foundation, as they have helped so many migraine sufferers, including myself, identify tools they can use to cope and find relief. Both NHF and LATHER share a mission to help others lead a more radiant life."
The Planting Seeds Gift Set ($20) is available for purchase at Lather stores in Pasadena, California; Scottsdale, Arizona; Atlanta, GA; online at www.lather.com and through their toll-free number, 877-6-LATHER.
For more information about aromatherapy, see Aromatherapy for Migraines and Headaches.
Disclosure: Lather sent me a free Planting Seeds gift set for review. I have no other affiliation with their company.


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Chelsea set to make a call on Jose Mourinho's future
Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho will discover whether has taken charge of his team for a final time in the next 48 hours, after his side went down to their SEVENTH Premier League defeat of the season at Stoke.
A Marko Arnautovic goal was enough to condemn Chelsea and Mourinho to yet another defeat, on a day when Mourinho was forced to watch the game from a hotel room as he served out a stadium ban handed down to his by the Football Association.
It remains to be seen whether Mourinho will now be in charge for Chelsea's next match against Norwich on November 21st, with Chelsea legend Frank Lampard telling Sky Sports his position is not becoming difficult to sustain.
"This is not a blip now, it is more than that. They need to turn the corner very quickly, they need get results, it's as simple as that," stated Lampard.
"They played well at Stoke and looked sharp, but the time has come to get results now.
Chelsea turned in a decent performance against Stoke, but their latest defeat left keeper Asmir Begovic unable to answer whether his manager is about to be sacked.
"That is out of our hands, we are behind the manager you can see that from our performances," stated Begovic.
"We think he is the right man and someone we work hard for.
"His spirit and his presence is always there, we wanted to get a result for him.
"We definitely did enough to get a result here but when things aren't going your way you don't get the luck you deserve.
"We hit the post, we slipped over when we had open goals, we are making things hard for ourselves.
"You can see from the game today it [our problems] is not something you can pinpoint. We are getting punished for little bits and pieces, but eventually it will turn."
Is something dramatically wrong at Chelsea? Recap of their 1-0 loss to Stoke here: https://t.co/QufxxG1mgV pic.twitter.com/sbn6jjrS83
— Sky Sports Football (@SkyFootball) November 7, 2015
Chelsea were quick to confirm Mourinho would not be sacked after his side's defeat against Liverpool last weekend and it remains to be seen whether similar vibes will be released after this latest setback.
Here is how Twitter reacted to Chelsea latest defeat:
Meanwhile in Mourinho's hotel room... pic.twitter.com/jad3AY6RH9
— BreatheSport (@BreatheSport) November 7, 2015
Jose Mourinho is now watching Strictly. Sense @BrunoTonioli could get blamed if Chelsea lose.
— Gary Lineker (@GaryLineker) November 7, 2015
Mourinho might have a permanent ban from the stadium. I mean Stamford bridge
— Lord Sugar (@Lord_Sugar) November 7, 2015


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Five executives from energy companies in India, China, Thailand and the Philippines have been selected as finalists for Platts' first-ever Asia CEO of the Year award, which recognizes excellence in energy industry leadership in the Asia-Pacific region. As finalists, these business leaders are also eligible for "CEO of the Year," a prestigious honor bestowed as part of the annual Platts Global Energy Awards.
The five finalists are:
Mr. P. Elango, chief executive officer, Cairn India Limited, India
Mr. Li Fanrong, chief executive officer, CNOOC Limited, China
Mr. Oscar Reyes, chief executive officer, president and director, Manila Electric Co., Philippines
Mr. Sudhir Vasudeva, chairman, managing director and head of Offshore Oil & Gas Fields, Oil & Natural Gas Corp Ltd, India
Dr. Pailin Chuchottaworn, president and chief executive officer, PTT Public Company Limited, Thailand
The finalists, chosen by an independent panel of judges, hold senior leadership positions at Asian enterprises that are included on the 2013 Platts Top 250 Global Energy Company Rankings™. This annual list of the most financially successful companies in the industry will be unveiled at gala dinner in Singapore on October 29 along with the winner of Platts' first "Asia CEO of the Year" honors.
"This new award is a natural extension of the Top 250 Rankings. Now, in addition to recognizing corporate achievement, we are honoring individual accomplishment and singling out a senior executive who exemplifies leadership, conviction, dedication and the ability to bring about positive organizational change," said Patsy Wurster, director, Platts Strategic Media, and organizer of the Platts Top 250 Asia Awards Dinner.
More than 300 energy executives are expected to attend this year's dinner which will be held at The Fullerton Singapore. The dinner will feature a keynote address by International Energy Agency (IEA) Director for Energy Markets and Security Keisuke Sadamori as well as the announcement of the "Asia CEO of the Year" award and Platts Top 250 Global Energy Company Rankings.
To be included on the Platts Top 250 Global Energy Company Rankings, companies must be publicly listed and have assets greater than U.S. $5.0 billion. Now in its 12th year, the annual roster reflects financial performance based on asset worth, revenues, profits and return on invested capital. The list also ranks companies by industry sector and region and names the 50 fastest-growing companies.
Attendance at Platts Top 250 Asia Awards Dinner is open to all companies with business interests in the Asia-Pacific region and to energy companies worldwide. Accredited media may attend as Platts' guests with advanced registration. Television cameras are welcome.
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text: CMA due to decide on Airwave and Motorola Solutions merger by 1 July 201624 May 2016 05:28 PM The window to comment on the UK Competition and Markets Authority inquiry into Motorola's acquisition of Airwave closed last week; the CMA is due to announce its Phase 1 findings by 1 JulyThe window to comment on the UK Competition and Markets Authority's (CMA) inquiry into the acquisition of Airwave, the current operator of the UK's emergency services communications network, by Motorola Solutions closed last week (Friday 20 May 2016). The CMA is due to announce its Phase 1 decision on the merger by 1 July 2016.The CMA stated on its website that the 1 July 2016 date is the 'current statutory deadline by when the decision will be announced. If any change occurs, the information is refreshed as soon as practicable. However, the CMA qualified this by saying it cannot guarantee that the decision will be announced on or before this current deadline, as the deadline of a given case may change during the merger assessment process due to different reasons'.At the Phase 1 decision juncture, the CMA has three options: clear the merger; start a Phase 2 inquiry (which can last up to six months); or give the parties five working days to provide undertakings that would resolve the CMA's concerns about the merger.The Statutory timetable began on 17 March 2016 when the CMA 'served an initial enforcement order under section 72(2) of the Enterprise Act 2002 on Motorola Solutions Inc, Motorola Solutions Overseas Limited and Motorola Solutions UK LP One (UK) in relation to the completed acquisition of Guardian Digital Communications Holdings Limited (the parent company of Airwave Solutions Limited)'.Motorola completed the acquisition of Airwave on 19 February 2016. Motorola Solutions is the largest manufacturer and solutions provider in the global professional mobile radio market. It is also one of the main providers of the forthcoming £1bn Emergency Services Network (ESN) – a 4G LTE service, which is due to begin replacing Airwave from September 2017 with 12 UK regions transitioning to ESN between then and 2020.Motorola is the Lot 2 User Services provider for ESN, managing voice and data services and applications for fire, police and ambulance users. The 4G network is being provided by the Lot 3 Mobile Services provider – the UK mobile network operator EE.The CMA has deemed the acquisition worth investigating as Motorola now owns the current Airwave emergency service network and it has a key role in its successor network, which will overlap with Airwave from September 2017 until 2020. It is also has a major role in certifying devices and applications on the ESN network – including its own devices and those of its device manufacturer and critical communications solutions rivals.The CMA stated on its website that it is 'considering whether it is or may be the case that this transaction has resulted in the creation of a relevant merger situation under the merger provisions of the Enterprise Act 2002 and, if so, whether the creation of that situation has resulted, or may be expected to result, in a substantial lessening of competition within any market or markets in the United Kingdom for goods or services'.See also:Motorola Solutions completes £700m acquisition of AirwaveMotorola Solutions buys UK emergency services comms provider Airwave James Atkinson EditorLinkedIn |Google + |Email Leave a CommentPlease write code to prove you're humanMore on... TetraMotorola launches all-in-one single site TETRA digital radio system Southern Tyrol TETRA network gets a workout at Biathlon World Cup Motorola scoops deal to provide 30,000 TETRA radios to German police More on... Critical CommunicationsFinland and Norway sign cross-border TETRA communication dealCC Europe 2017: Hytera showcasing new base station and handheld radioMore on... MotorolaMotorola launches all-in-one single site TETRA digital radio system Motorola scoops deal to provide 30,000 TETRA radios to German police Public safetyTCCA pinpoints key focus areas for LTE-based critical communicationsMotorola launches all-in-one single site TETRA digital radio system Southern Tyrol TETRA network gets a workout at Biathlon World Cup Latest in PMRPennine delivers Hytera radio solution at Etihad Stadium in ManchesterTCCA pinpoints key focus areas for LTE-based critical communicationsTait appoints Andrew Gill as managing director of EMEA region


text:
All Android applications categories
This is the official app for JEC Europe 2014.
JEC Group is pleased to offer this unique application with an OFFLINE & INTERACTIVE map.
Free download for all the visitors of JEC Europe 2014, next March 11, 12, 13, 2014 in Paris.
This app will allow you to explore the exhibition and event program by using a highly intuitive navigation system. The application's interactive map will enable you to navigate the booths, access to exhibitors' information, select the forums & Technical Sales Presentations you would like to attend, and organize them as your personal favorites.
The application's features:
- Browse offline
- Locate, search and browse exhibitors & events on the interactive map
- Save exhibitors & events in a personal favorite list and display them on the map
- Search exhibitors by company name or sectors
- Display the entire I.C.S. Forums & Conferences program
- Discover the entire Technical Sales Presentation schedule
- Synchronize events to your personal calendar
- Access detailed and useful information regarding ticketing, location, access, services onsite, organizer…
This app will be your comprehensive mobile guide to the exhibition, so do not wait anymore to download it!
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What trans are you guys planning to use?
For my particular project, I prefer a manual trans and I'm thinking Borg Warner T-5, WC probably, though a non-WC might hold up just fine. With the small displacement, this engine wont produce gobs of torque in N/A trim, allowing the use of lighter trannies, i.e. don't need a T-56 or ZF-6 for strength reasons. The thought of the Datsun 5 speed also crossed my mind. It would hold up to this engines torque level, (in N/A trim at least), and with a custom crank, the flywheel flange can be machined to accept pretty much any flywheel. In not using a GM or Ford tranny, we would have to build an adapter or modify the bell housing for that tranny to bolt it up.
Another option, (great topic for a different thread, NOT this one), is using an automatic tranny converted to semi manual, (manual-matic), with paddle shifters or a slap stick style console shifter.


text:
Let's break it down together. Here's what I want about each of these guys. But first, sure, I found each with a mouse click. Yet beyond the visual, they are well more than a mouse click away in real life. To find them in the flesh, I'd have to put out some sort of homosexual Amber Alert that would beam each pic to every cellphone in the United States (assuming these guys are even in the U.S.). Then folks could come forward as being or knowing each guy. And then I could get what I want. Totally feasible.
Ass-baring guy on track: The complete disregard for self-exposure is admirable. He's confident with his body, practical (no time for the locker room), and has a poundable ass. Also, he looks like he needs a massage. And he's hopefully dumb enough to respond positively to the come on: "You look like you need a massage." Plus, he has sweaty laundry he needs done.
Bulging spandex push-up guy: Bulging muscles. Bulging bulge. Tight top. I'll just be sliding right underneath him, face down, thank you.
Guy hanging out of his shorts: Dick slips generally make a guy desirable. Okay, this time, but not every time. I was once on a bus with Dick Cheney and he slipped it didn't make him desirable. At all.
Open-mouth guy on subway: He wants to suck cock and isn't afraid to let everyone know it. Though if confronted he may claim he was yawning. Don't buy it. He wants cock. That ugly tie is proof. Cock was on his mind while he was shopping for a tie. And that's the hideous result. I wonder how wide his mouth can get.
Obvious bulge guy on subway: I want to cop a feel. That's pretty much it. He can keep reading that dumb book. I have no problem with that.
Boner clerk: Any guy who applies for the job of "Boner Clerk" and gets it is a real doer in life. Plus he gets a store discount on jockstraps, slippers, iPads, enemas, beer and Cheerios. A true night and morning in. I hope he doesn't make me choose between paper and plastic. I want it all.
[Photos via Home of Homemade Cock, Spy on Cocks and Hot Sport Bulges and Butts]


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|Method of treating Parkinson's Disease using pentanedione derivatives
|The invention concerns a method for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease. The method comprises administering a catechol-O-methyl-transferase inhibiting amount of a compound having the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent hydrogen, alkylcarbamoyl of 2 to 5 carbon atoms or alkylcarbonyl of 2 to 5 carbon atoms, X represents nitro or cyano and R.sub.3 represents ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents cyano or alkylcarbonyl of 2 to 5 carbon atoms and R.sub.5 represents cyano; alkylcarbonyl of 2 to 5 carbon atoms; or carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof; and a sufficient amount of levodopa to treat Parkinson's Disease. A peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor such as carbidopa or benzerazide is also preferably administered.
|Backstrom; Reijo (Helsinki, FI), Heinola; Kalevi E. (Jarvempaa, FI), Honkanen; Erkki J. (Vantaa, FI), Kaakkola; Seppo K. (Helsinki, FI), Kairisalo; Pekka J. (Helsinki, FI), Linden; Inge-Britt Y. (Helsinki, FI), Mannisto; Pekka I. (Helsinki, FI), Nissinen; Erkki A. O. (Espoo, FI), Pohto; Pentti (Helsinki, FI), Pippuri; Aino K. (Espoo, FI), Pystynen; Jarmo (Espoo, FI)
|Orion-yhtyma Oy (Espoo, FI)
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Before he heads to TCU this fall, Belton senior Jared Janczak picked up his second straight District 8-5A MVP honor on the All District 8-5A team, announced this week.
The Tigers repeated as district champions this year and nearly ran the district table before losing to Waco Midway in the final game of the regular season.
Harker Heights freshman Daniel Cole was named the Newcomer of the Year after a stellar season on the mound and in the infield.
His teammate, senior Caleb Dean, earned a first-team nod for the second straight year as a pitcher, where he was joined by Belton sophomore Tanner Frick.
Belton had a whopping eight first teamers selected to the squad.
Also making the first team for Belton was senior catcher Joey Hogan, senior second baseman Chase Cryer, senior third baseman Mark Herrington, senior shortstop Walker Winders and junior outfielders Shane Stafford and Coby Potvin.
Heights had the next most first-team selections of area teams with four after tying the school record for overall wins and district wins in a season.
Joining Cole and Dean on the first team were junior center fielder Michael Rae Zapata and sophomore infielder/pitcher Tyler Torres, who earned a utility position.
Heights added one second-team selection in first baseman Wilson Owens.
Also making the first-team as a utility player was junior pitcher Raven Sauceda of Shoemaker.
Copperas Cove and Ellison each landed a trio of players on the second team with third baseman Michael Hays and outfielders Ryan Dorroh and Tim Bechtold representing Cove while pitcher Sam Weston, catcher Gerald Soto and outfielder Darius Campbell represented Ellison.
Shoemaker pitcher Roberto Delgado and second baseman Wade Corn also made the second team as did Killeen pitcher Doug Bell.


text:
Jackson, A.O. and Dietzgen, R.G. and Goodin, M.M. and Bragg, J.N. and Deng, M. (2005) Biology of Plant Rhabdoviruses. Annual Review Phytopathology, 43 . pp. 623-660.
Full text not currently attached. Access may be available via the Publisher's website or OpenAccess link.
Article Link(s): http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.011205....
Publisher URL: http://annualreviews.org/
The Rhabdoviridae, whose members collectively infect invertebrates, animals, and plants, form a large family that has important consequences for human health, agriculture, and wildlife ecology. Plant rhabdoviruses can be separated into the genera Cytorhabdovirus and Nucleorhabdovirus, based on their sites of replication and morphogenesis. This review presents a general overviewof classical and contemporary findings about rhabdovirus ecology, pathology, vector relations, and taxonomy. The genome organization and structure of several recently sequenced nucleorhabdoviruses and cytorhabdoviruses is integrated with new cell biology findings to provide a model for the replication of the two genera. A prospectus outlines the exciting opportunities for future research that will contribute to a more detailed understanding of the biology, biochemistry, replication and host interactions of the plant rhabdoviruses.
|Item Type:
|Additional Information:
|© Annual Reviews.
|Rhabdoviruses; plant viruses; negative strand viruses; Nucleorhabdoviruses; Cytorhabdoviruses.
|Science > Microbiology > Virology
Science > Microbiology > Microbial ecology
Plant pests and diseases > Plant pathology
|Deposited On:
|24 Dec 2007
|Last Modified:
|08 Jun 2011 00:59
Repository Staff Only: item control page


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Tribal Power Armour can be repaired by NPC's such as Moira Brown or using 'standard power armour' such as Brotherhood of Steel power armour or Outcast Power Armour. You cannot use Tesla Power Armour, T-51b or its winterised variant, Enclave Power Armour or the Medic Power Armour.
Tribal Power Armour is difficult to keep in good condition. My advice is to kill any Brotherhood Outcasts in a random encounter. Loot as many suits as you can and store them in your house/suite. Also, if you have the Operation Anchorage DLC and have finished it, you may loot the Outcast Outpost for all power armour, gaining about 5-6 full suits.


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Exploring themes of gender & leadership in
Loke Davis | Sara Farooqi | Janet Gonzalez
Leadership, Diversity & Gender
Apirana Family
Tradition & Community
How does adding gender complicate the film?
CONTEXT >> Public Vs. Private
- "People want to feel compatible
with their gender...
(Valian, 1998, p. 21)"
The Performance of Masculinity
Gender relations = Structural arrangements
"...the way the social world is built, in part, by making distinctions between men & women, thus shaping differently the material conditions of our lives...[and] people's experiences as members of those groups (Fletcher & Ely, 2003, p2)."
Naming Men As Men
- Men are leaders
- First-born sons are privileged
- Women manage the
domestic spheres
- Women's value is in
producing male leaders
- "Women are blamed for men's problems/men as victims of historical processes (Collinson & Hearn, 1994, p 8)."
- Authoritarianism
- Informalism; shared male interests
- Exclusion
- Grandmother publicly acquiesces/conforms,
but privately protests... "You may be the boss out
there, but in the kitchen, I am the boss!"
- Paika's non-conformity is public "one refuses
[gender norms] only by agreeing to pay the consequences: losing one's job, home...
(Butler, 2004, p. 114)" [As quoted in Pilgeram,
2007, p 593]
'Ass-Kicking Women'
Gender Schemas At Work
How gender is enacted...
Public Vs. Private
Hide Your Tears
The Performance
Hide Your Tears
Overcoming The Odds
"They must also overcome stereotypes by passing extra tests of competence and loyalty at work" (Sutton, 1991, Tempered Radicalism)
"Some leave because they can no longer tolerate the seemingly glacial pace of change, others leave because they are tired of being devalued and isolated, and still others simply because they no longer have the energy to "play the game" (Sutton, 1991, Tempered Radicalism)
Defining leadership for yourself
Mission & vision
Failure, hope, strength and determination
Conformity (Tool Vs. Weapon)
Other Important Themes
Advice for Paikea
JANET: "Never allow someone to be your priority while allowing yourself to be their option."- Mark Twain
SARA: Don't lose sight of your vision of empowering others during transition from 'internal to external.'
LOKE: Your disorganized co-action was helpful, but do not wait for a crisis or acknowledgment of your leadership skills to organize.
Disorganized Coaction and
Crisis as Catalyst
Paikea's Voice
Power and Negotiation,
Mentors and Allies
How Leadership is Enacted...
Paikea's Voice
"We have been socialized to respect fear more than our own needs for language and definition."
(Lourde, 1977, 44)
Mentors and Allies, Power and Negotiation
"By developing access to alternatives in negotiations and actively fostering one's sense of power, perceived power disadvantages due to unflattering stereotypes can be mitigated." (Kray, 2007, 169)
"You will acknowledge her."
Disorganized Coaction...
Crisis as Organization Catalyst
"...time acts as the medium of competition- the way 'power is done'..." (Martin, Meyerson, 1998, 323)
Uncle Rawiri
Nanny Flowers
Naming Intersectionalities and Contradictions
"...a complex mixture of conformity, resistance, and confrontation to...norms."
(Martin, Meyerson, 1998, 340)
- Naming and Language. She redefines "leader".
"Sit in the back."
Paikea: Why doesn't he want me?
Porourangi: He's just looking for something that doesn't exist anymore.
Paikea: A new leader? They exist.
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Meet Brock! He's been with us a few months as he's gone through medical treatments for heartworm, but that's behind him now and he's looking for a family…No Price Listed
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text:
3M™ Undersink Full Flow Drinking Water System
De Hart Plumbing Heating & Cooling serves the Junction City, Manhattan, and Topeka areas of Kansas. The 3M™ Undersink Full Flow Drinking Water System provides advanced filtration for cleaner, better tasting water by reducing common contaminants. It fits easily under your kitchen sink and operates through your existing faucet.
The advanced system is quick sand easy to change too–Twist on, twist off, no mess.
Having clean and clear drinking water in your home is both a pleasure and a reassurance that you're giving your family the best. With a water filtration system from 3M Water, you can provide filtered drinking water for every member of your family. From whole home water filtration to drinking water systems, look to 3M Water to help you find the right solution.
3M™ Undersink Full Flow Drinking Water System Brochure (PDF, 35k)
NSF Performance Datasheet (PDF)
Product Specifications
Model/Part Number
Model 3MDW201
16.25″ x 4.4″ (41.3 cm x 11.3 cm)
Temperature Range
Flow Rate
2.5 gpm (9.5 Liters per Minute)
Pressure Range
25 – 120 psi (172 – 827 kPa)
- Installs under sink for drinking and cooking water.
- Built-in shut off valve – no need to shut of water to change filter.
- Combines effectiveness of carbon filtration with 0.2 nominal micron pharmaceutical grade nylon membrane filter.
- Quick connect inlet and outlet fittings allow ease of installation.
Pre-filter wrap reduces sediment while helping protect carbon media.


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Scoliosis is more commonly found in women over 40 years old, and can cause the hips or shoulders to be uneven as the spine rotates sideways. Scoliosis treatment methods depend on your age, how much more you are likely to grow, the degree of your spine's curve, the extent of pain, the functional limitation and cosmetic appearance of the spine.
Surgery is a safe and highly effective treatment option used for severe scoliosis or for curves that do not respond to bracing. The main surgery for scoliosis is spinal fusion, and nearly all surgeries will use implants in order to help straighten the spine. The degree of correction from surgery depends on how flexible your scoliosis is before your operation.
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text:
- Return to テンドーブレード
There are several characters that will join the player's party during the game. All characters, including playable & unplayable ones, are listed below.
Playable Characters (free)
The free Playable Characters will join your party regardless of any conditions or events, with the exception of Reimu.
- Reimu Hakurei (Spawn Point becomes blocked by Shikieiki.)
- Suika Ibuki
- Mystia Lorelei
- Hina Kagiyama
Playable Characters (conditional)
The conditional Playable Characters will join your party only if one or more conditions are met.
- Patchouli Knowledge
- Sakuya Izayoi
- Fujiwara no Mokou (Will only learn 「フェニックス再誕」(Phoenix Rebirth) while fighting Kaguya)
- Reisen Udongein Inaba
- Byakuren Hijiri
- Okuu
Shop Characters
Note that some of the playable characters are included in the Shop Characters.
- Reimu Hakurei (Spawn Point becomes blocked by Shikieiki.)
- Patchouli Knowledge
- Tewi Inaba
- Nitori Kawashiro
- Orin
Note that some of the playable characters are included in the Bosses.
Main Bosses
First Half
- Sakuya Izayoi
- Reisen Udongein Inaba
- Sanae Kochiya
- Yamame Kurodani
Second Half
- Remilia Scarlet
- Kaguya Houraisan (No Game Over if you lose, unless you have Mokou)
- Kanako Yasaka (Option to not fight right away)
- Okuu
Optional Event Bosses
Most, if not all, will have a dialog choice to fight or not.
- Marisa Kirisame (No Game Over if you lose)
- Alice Margatroid
- Eirin Yagokoro (After completing all her previous quests)
- Inubashiri Momiji (Attacks on sight)
|Suwako Moriya
|Location: Deeper part of Youkai Mountain
|Comments: Strong in heat, water and ground attacks
|Drops: Jade
- Fujiwara no Mokou
- Minamitsu Murasa
- Satori & Koishi Komeiji
- Shikieiki Yamaxanadu (No Game Over if you lose)
- Yukari Yakumo
Final Boss
|Nue Houjuu
|Location: Sea of Clouds
|Comments: N/A
|Drops: N/A
- Koakuma
- Keine Kamishirasawa
- Return to テンドーブレード


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Hedging a Bet: Will Ted Thompson Make a Move?
A lot of the talk this off-season is whether the Packers will indeed be more active in free agency. Rumors that the Packers will sign up to five free agents, and more recently, that they might be interested in a trade