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The Ripple Effect of Baby Boomer Retirements
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1 The Ripple Effect of Baby Boomer Retirements By Neil E. Reichenberg
2 According to the Pew Research Center, approximately 10,000 Americans per day will turn 65 between 2011 and These baby boomers comprise 26 percent of the U.S. population. The Center for State and Local Government Excellence (SLGE) recently found that nearly 30 percent of state and local government employees have delayed retirement. Still, since no one has figured out how to delay aging, the number of retirements will increase. According to the SLGE 2014 Workforce Trends survey, 49 percent of the responding state and local governments reported higher levels of retirement in 2013 than in The International Public Management Association for Human Resources (IPMA-HR) recently issued a report on talent management. Four out of 10 responding organizations indicated that they could lose 20 percent or more of their employees to retirement within the next five years. The Government Accountability Office predicted in January 2014 that the percentage of retirement-eligible federal employees will double to 31 percent in the next three years. The Bureau of Labor Statistics also reported statistics highlighting the relatively advanced age of public-sector employees (see Exhibit 1). These demographics demonstrate a growing need for the public sector to focus on succession planning as part of an overall workforce planning effort. Despite the need for Nearly 30 percent of state and local government employees have delayed retirement. Still, since no one has figured out how to delay aging, the number of retirements will increase. succession planning, only 27 percent of the respondents to the IPMA-HR talent management survey indicated that their organizations have plans in place. The top barriers to succession planning the survey respondents identified are management being more focused on day-to-day business, lack of sufficient time to make succession planning a priority, lack of resources, fears within the organization that succession planning will result in favoritism and pre-selection, and a lack of commitment from top leadership. Among those who indicated that their organizations have succession plans in place, the key components included: n Developing employees. n Identifying key positions where retirements are likely to occur. n Identifying high-potential employees. n Projecting retirement eligibility. n Identifying skill gaps. n Establishing knowledge-transfer programs. n Developing mentoring programs. n Aligning the succession plan with the organization s business plan. n Collecting performance feedback. n Establishing job-shadowing programs. Exhibit 1: Public-Sector Employees Skew Older Percentage of employees who are at least 50 years of age: Federal government, 43% State government, 38% Local government, 37% Private sector, 28% Percentage of employees who are younger than 30: Federal government, 8% State government, 15% Local government, 12% Private sector, 23% Contrary to the trend reported in the survey, some governmental organizations make succession planning part of an overall strategic workforce planning effort rather than an isolated project. These efforts range from the employee development, which creates an internal pipeline of talent that is ready to move into positions as retirements and vacancies occur, to ensuring that knowledge transfer occurs when long-time employees leave the organization. There is no onesize-fits-all solution, and the balance of this article will highlight the efforts of several governmental organizations. (For further information on succession planning, see Planning for Employee Turnover in this issue of Government Finance Review.) February 2015 Government Finance Review 13
3 The academy has completed two sessions, with the classes meeting every Tuesday from 8 a.m. to 12 p.m. for 12 weeks. A third class began in September The mayor, city council, and the civil service commissioners have expressed strong support for these measures. The mayor noted that the last thing the city cuts from its budget is training dollars because training for the future is critical at all levels within the city. CITY OF GRAND FORKS, NORTH DAKOTA The City of Grand Forks, North Dakota, has been addressing succession planning for several years. Of their 460 full-time employees, 42 were eligible to retire as of December 2013, with an additional 95 employees eligible from 2014 to The vast majority of them are in supervisory and department head positions. The city s HR department developed a guide for department heads titled The Keys to Workforce Planning and Development. It outlines departmental roles and responsibilities; how to make the right planning decisions; how to prepare for planning, data collection and analysis; and how to develop workforce plans. The HR department works as a strategic partner with the other departments. To assist with retention, HR has developed a new employee orientation program, flexible work schedules, job sharing, and a policy of timely examinations; it also conducts exit interviews to obtain information about why employees leave. The HR department also developed the City of Grand Forks Leadership Academy, which was endorsed by the other department heads. The program, which was launched in January 2013, had more applications than anticipated for the initial class, and 24 students graduated at the end of May that year. Instructors were from the University of North Dakota and Lake Region State College. CITY OF EL PASO, TEXAS Despite the need for succession planning, only 27 percent of the respondents to a talent management survey indicated that their organizations have plans in place. The City of El Paso, Texas, created a succession planning whitepaper. It also surveyed employees to find out when they anticipated retiring, and the city instituted workforce planning to capture the data for each department. This initiative has assisted the city in getting directors to think strategically when replacing crucial talent. It has also made them aware that they need to train internal staff and have an overlap of employment to transfer knowledge. The city has mandatory supervisory training that all employees in supervisory positions must attend in order to pass their probationary period. Professional- and executive-level employees can attend a leadership/ executive-level training course that was developed in conjunction with the University of Texas at El Paso. 14 Government Finance Review February 2015
4 The university provides the instructors for a 45-hour training program that focuses on: n Effective leadership of high-performance organizations. n Organizational behavior and personal leadership styles. n Organizational communication and effectiveness. n Team-based organizing and conflict management in high-performance organizations. n Strategic planning and the strategic design of programs to better serve customers. CITY OF COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS The City of College Station, Texas, recognized that approximately 40 to 50 percent of its staff would be eligible to retire within the next five years. The city will need to make a transition to an entirely new group of leaders, a change that must be planned properly to avoid significant gaps not only in leadership, but in historical data. Public safety employees make up the biggest share of those who are eligible to retire. The HR department has started to address this challenge by implementing an emerging leaders program to provide support and education for key competencies. that are now part of regular business at Coconino County: the Preparing for Promotion program, Quick Takes, the Knowledge Retention Program, and a series of Mature Worker Initiatives. Preparing for Promotion. The Preparing for Promotion program is a series of three classes designed to help employees be more competitive in the internal recruitment process for promotional opportunities. The classes include information on how to complete an application, how to maximize a promotional opportunity, how applications are screened, why supplemental questions are important, how to identify career ladders, how to be competitive on a telephone interview, and how to prepare for an in-person interview. Participants complete a personal inventory sheet to identify professional strengths and weaknesses, and they participate in a role-playing exercise for interview practice. Through this program, the county encourages participants to achieve their career goals within the organization, rather than focusing on external opportunities for advancement. Quick Takes. Quick Takes is a series of one-hour classes focusing on training in key areas such as customer service and effective performance at work. The program is designed to provide valuable information to busy employees at all levels of the organization in compact sessions that almost everyone can fit into their schedules. Topics include time management, leadership, team building, and employee relations. In addition to these classes, starting in 2014, the series was expanded to include a leadership series of classes that contain six trainings for current leaders and those who aspire to have leadership roles in the future. COCONINO COUNTY, ARIZONA Over the past three years, Coconino County, Arizona, has been anticipating a growing number of retirements, particularly in supervisory and managerial-level positions, where incumbents have invested many years of service. The county has implemented four major succession initiatives February 2015 Government Finance Review 15
5 Knowledge Retention. The Knowledge Retention Program includes a succession planning interview and a survey. HR conducts in-person succession planning interviews with longterm employees within the last year of their employment. The questions are geared toward helping employees look back on their careers and document the highlights. The interview includes questions in five categories: resources, department history, long-term goals, the position, and bridging the gap. The county uses an electronic knowledgeretention survey to capture critical knowledge and resources that incoming employees can use to better understand the department s history and culture. Mature Worker Initiatives. Mature Worker Initiatives includes county-developed programs that value employees in all stages of their careers, including retirement planning classes. There is also a mentoring program for employees at the level of supervisor or above that allows employees with greater longevity to share their knowledge with new employees. In August 2012, the county was certified as a Mature One jurisdiction conducts countywide retirement analyses and work unit-specific analyses, creates tailored succession plans, and provides planning tools and templates for workforce development and succession planning tools. Worker Friendly Employer through the State of Arizona Mature Workforce Initiative and the Arizona Governor s Advisory Council on Aging. Because of county programs designed to prepare employees for retirement and to promote a healthy lifestyle, the county was included in AARP s 2013 list of Best Employers for Workers over 50. These and other initiatives have resulted in improved performance measures. The turnover rate decreased by 1.8 percent during the last two years, and the percentage of job openings filled with qualified internal candidates ranged from 36 to 44 percent during the past three years. The county has received recognition for these initiatives from the State of Arizona, AARP, and the American Psychological Association. MULTNOMAH COUNTY, OREGON Multnomah County, Oregon, has developed several ways of dealing with an aging, retiring workforce. It conducts countywide retirement analyses and work unit-specific analyses, creates tailored succession plans, and provides planning tools and templates for workforce development and succession planning tools. The county also provides leadership training opportunities, growth assignments, performance reviews, and classes to increase the county s bench strength for internal promotions. Promoting knowledge management and social capital transfer, continuity across disparate departments and lines of work, and equity and empowerment values are also important. An interdepartmental succession planning liaison team coordinates this work, provides expertise, and analyzes policies to determine whether they help or hinder the process. The team is made up of members from HR, leadership, management, and line staff. CITY OF HOUSTON, TEXAS The City of Houston, Texas, established a Grow Your Own Workforce program to expose students to the wide variety of career opportunities available an effort to develop a workforce for the future. The city has a Grow Your Own Workforce section on its website that provides information 16 Government Finance Review February 2015
6 about the jobs available in city government. City departments participate by offering internships and co-op opportunities, guest speakers, tours, an adopt-a-school program, and a Find Your Path Career Day expo. The objective is to get students to consider and prepare for a job with the city, making the Houston school system a pipeline for future employees. The city hosted its third annual Find Your Path Career Day Expo in October Approximately 5,000 high school juniors and seniors found out about a wide variety of career opportunities available in the public and private sectors. (This year s expo will also be open to middle school students based on a state mandate requiring middle school students, to declare an area of interest upon entering high school.) The exhibitors were organized into four categories business and industry; science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (popularly known as STEM); arts and humanities; and public service. In the public service zones, city departments and other agencies showcased their operations by providing interesting exhibits, displays, and equipment to show and tell the type of work they do and their career possibilities. Representatives from more than 60 colleges and universities attended the event. The collective objective of the Expo partners is to expand the students awareness of career possibilities and motivate them to perform well, graduate from high school, and pursue higher education or training. Not only does this initiative proactively address the need for qualified personnel, it also targets Houston s critical need to ensure that students today are prepared to meet the city s employment needs tomorrow. Cultivating a more educated workforce promotes economic growth at all levels. In the 2014 academic year, the City of Houston launched a pilot of the Houston Pathfinders Immersion Initiative, the latest component of Grow Your Own Workforce. Pathfinders is the result of a partnership with the Houston Independent School District and the Barbara Jordan High School for Careers. It covers an entire school year, providing 20 students with a comprehensive look at municipal operations. During the fall semester, the students visit and tour city departments, where they learn about services provided, operations, and career opportunities. Students are then trained in interviewing and writing resumes, and they go through an interview process. Finally, the students will be matched with a department for a for-credit spring internship. The program has been extremely well received by the school, the students, and the city departments, and it will be expanded next year. In summer 2014, the City of Houston opened its doors to more than 450 young people, aged 16 to 21, to participate in its Summer Jobs Program. This program, the result of a $1.5 million commitment from the city council to establish a youth summer employment initiative, targeted low- to moderateincome youth, providing them with internships at more than 140 worksites across the city. SAN MATEO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA San Mateo County, California, has developed several resources that are available through the county s website: Transition Planning Guide for San Mateo Critical Positions; Process for Creating and Identifying a Succession Plan for Retiring Managers; Leadership Transition Questionnaire; and Leadership Transition Management Phases. The county believes that creating a succession plan will help ensure a smooth and successful transition for senior February 2015 Government Finance Review 17
7 leadership positions and other critical roles. The benefits of creating a succession plan include: n Ensuring institutional memory. n Providing for a smooth leadership transition by filling positions in a timely manner. n Presenting opportunities for organizational and personal growth. n Assisting in the development of staff for promotional opportunities. The county has developed a transition planning guide for critical positions. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of leaders, the human resources department, and employees who are leaving the county workforce. The county requests that employees provide at least three years notice of their planned retirement. This gives the organization time to prepare for the departure by training others to take on the employee s work, documenting the operation of the department, and reorganizing or restructuring the operations of the department. As an incentive for providing advance notice, the county allows employees to negotiate terms such as a flexible work schedule and a reduced workload to provide them with time for the succession and transition plan items. Retirees are a valuable resource, as well; they have knowledge of the organization, the workforce, and the culture, and they can handle assignments quickly as a result. The county encourages the rehiring of retirees for temporary projects such as mentoring, coaching, and assisting with transitions. STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA The State of South Carolina has undertaken a comprehensive workforce planning effort that includes succession planning. 1 Its four-step workforce planning effort includes assessing the current workforce; identifying future needs, gaps and surpluses; developing plans for the transition; and evaluating the progress resulting from the efforts. The central HR department prepared a number of resources to assist state agencies and departments with their workforce planning efforts, and state agencies were asked to appoint an individual to promote workforce planning. One resource is the Workforce Planning Agency Data Resources Toolkit, which contains material that help the organization anticipate the workplace challenges of the future, provide work environments that attract and retain the best workers, and make the best use of the state s valuable human resources. The toolkit covers what information is needed to track recruitment activities, monitor potential retention factors (including exit interviews), and assess and monitor the workplace climate. It also includes a sample employee satisfaction survey. CONCLUSIONS The need for all levels of government to engage in workforce and succession planning has never been greater. An aging workforce coupled with the ongoing impact of the economic recession has created significant human capital challenges for the public sector. With the increasing number of retirements, governments need to ensure that they can attract, retain, and develop a workforce that can meet the challenges of an increasingly complex environment. Data has shown that the majority of governmental organizations are not undertaking workforce and succession planning. Senior management needs to determine what efforts will be most effective in their organizations and then encourage, support, and provide resources for these efforts. y Note 1. The state s efforts are highlighted in a book, Public Personnel Management: Current Concerns, Future Challenges, 5th edition, edited by Norma M. Riccucci (Pearson, 2011). NEIL E. REICHENBERG is executive director of the International Public Management Association for Human Resources. 18 Government Finance Review February 2015
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Southern Utah
Fires force evacuation of 10,000 in 3 French Riviera towns
Authorities ordered the evacuation of 10,000 people as fires hopscotched around the Riviera for a third day Wednesday, tearing through the forest of La Londe-les-Maures.
Most Recent
At least 5 dead in building collapse in Nigeria's Lagos
Sunday Alamba, Associated Press | Posted
Jul 26th - 2:50am
A four-story residential building collapsed in Nigeria's largest city and killed at least five people, emergency officials in Lagos said Monday.
Here is the latest news from The Associated Press at 4:40 a.m. EDT
The Associated Press | Posted
Jul 26th - 2:50am
The Senate has taken initial votes on the Republican effort to demolish the Obama health care law. Where it ends up is anyone's guess. But the early indication is the GOP will have a hard time approving sweeping changes in President Barack Obama's statute. That's because the Senate voted 57-43 late Tuesday against a wide-ranging proposal by Majority Leader Mitch McConnell to rewrite Obama's law _ a vote that saw nine GOP defections.
Spain's Rajoy testifies as witness in major graft trial
The Associated Press | Posted
Jul 26th - 2:30am
Spain's Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy is standing Wednesday as a witness in a major trial of some 40 people accused of involvement in a kickbacks-for-contracts scheme that helped finance his ruling Popular Party.
Top EU court says it was wrong to end Hamas terror listing
The Associated Press | Posted
Jul 26th - 2:10am
The European Union's top court says a lower court should not have removed the Islamic militant group Hamas from the EU's terror list and has sent the case back to the lower court for reconsideration.
2 Moroccan peacekeepers killed in Central African Republic
The Associated Press | Posted
Jul 26th - 1:54am
The U.N. peacekeeping mission in Central African Republic says two Moroccan peacekeepers have been killed in a southeastern town where another Moroccan was killed on Sunday.
Russian diplomat: new US sanctions won't help to mend ties
The Associated Press | Posted
Jul 26th - 1:54am
A senior Russian diplomat said Wednesday a new package of U.S. sanctions against Russia harms chances for improving the ties between the two countries, pushing them into "unchartered territory."
Maldives urged to restore parliament's independence
Bharatha Mallawarachi, Associated Press | Posted
Jul 26th - 1:30am
Outside governments on Wednesday asked the Maldives to restore its legislature's independence, days after the opposition said parliament was locked down on orders from the president in an attempt to prevent a vote to impeach the parliamentary speaker.
AP Interview: China to lead in organ transplants by 2020
Christopher Bodeen, Associated Press | Posted
Jul 26th - 1:20am
China is on track to lead the world in organ transplant surgeries by 2020 following its abandonment of the much-criticized practice of using organs from executed prisoners, the architect of the country's transplant program said Wednesday.
Senior Muslim official: Worshippers won't return to Jerusalem shrine until Israel removes new railings and cameras
The Associated Press | Posted
Jul 26th - 1:14am
Senior Muslim official: Worshippers won't return to Jerusalem shrine until Israel removes new railings and cameras.
Thai ex-prime minister vows to fight negligence charge
Kaweewit Kaewjinda, Associated Press | Posted
Jul 25th - 11:41pm
Former Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra, whose bank accounts were frozen this week, says she will fight to prove her innocence as a trial that could put her in prison for 10 years enters its final stages.
UK's Boris Johnson tours Sydney Opera House before meetings
The Associated Press | Posted
Jul 25th - 11:20pm
British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson toured the Sydney Opera House on Wednesday ahead of high-level bilateral security talks with Australian officials.
US ambassador calls for release of jailed Vietnam activist
The Associated Press | Posted
Jul 25th - 11:11pm
The U.S ambassador in Vietnam called on the Communist government Wednesday to release an activist who was sentenced to nine years in prison on what the envoy says are vague charges of propaganda against the state.
Rights groups ask Duterte to retract threat to bomb schools
Jim Gomez, Associated Press | Posted
Jul 25th - 10:40pm
Human rights groups asked the Philippine president Wednesday to retract a threat to order airstrikes against tribal schools he accused of teaching students to become communist rebels, warning such an attack would constitute a war crime.
AP Photos: Mexico City's 'Barrio Bravo' embraces frontball
Gustavo Martinez Contreras, Associated Press | Posted
Jul 25th - 10:21pm
Residents of Mexico City's legendarily tough neighborhood of Tepito are embracing a new form of handball known as frontball after promoters chose it for the sport's first international tourney.
2 hurricanes roar in Pacific far off Mexico coast
The Associated Press | Posted
Jul 25th - 9:30pm
Two hurricanes and a tropical storm are moving through the Pacific Ocean off Mexico late Tuesday, but forecasters say they do not pose an immediate threat to land.
Kurdish official says US role essential in post-IS Syria
Sarah El Deeb, Associated Press | Posted
Jul 25th - 9:07pm
The Kurdish-led effort to secure Raqqa once it is liberated from the Islamic State group will require long-term U.S. political and financial support for the battered city's governance and reconstruction, a senior Syrian Kurdish official said Tuesday.
US Navy fires warning shots near Iran ship in Persian Gulf
Jon Gambrell, Associated Press | Posted
Jul 25th - 8:41pm
A U.S. Navy patrol boat fired warning shots Tuesday near an Iranian vessel that American sailors said came dangerously close to them during a tense encounter in the Persian Gulf, the first such incident to happen under President Donald Trump. Iran's hard-line Revolutionary Guard later blamed the American ship for provoking the situation.
EU-Turkey talks fail to ease friction over detentions
Mike Corder, Associated Press | Posted
Jul 25th - 7:48pm
High-level talks that European Union officials had with Turkey's foreign minister Tuesday did not appear to ease tensions between the 28-nation bloc and Ankara over a wave of detentions of human rights defenders, journalists and others.
China denies its jets operated dangerously in US encounter
Christopher Bodeen, Associated Press | Posted
Jul 25th - 6:51pm
China on Tuesday denied its fighter jet pilots operated dangerously during an encounter with a U.S. surveillance plane in international airspace in which the American pilot took evasive action to avoid a possible collision.
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If an item you ordered from TextbookRush does not meet your expectations due to an error on our part, simply fill out a return request and then return it by mail within 30 days of ordering it for a full refund of item cost.
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Description: "This book is a major contribution to understanding Chicano gangs, and the multiple marginality framework will prove helpful in understanding other Chicano subcultures in very different contexts." American Anthropologist Within the Mexican American barrios of Los Angeles, gang activity, including crime and violent acts, has grown and flourished. In the past, community leaders and law enforcement officials have approached the problem, not as something that needs to be understood, but only as something to be gotten rid of. Rejecting that approach, James D. Vigil asserts that only by understanding the complex factors that give birth and persistence to gangs can gang violence be ended. Drawing on many years of experience in the barrios as a youth worker, high school teacher, and researcher, Vigil identifies the elements from which gangs spring: isolation from the dominant culture, poverty, family stress and crowded households, peer pressure, and the adolescent struggle for self-identity. Using interviews with actual gang members, he reveals how the gang often functions as parent, school, and law enforcement in the absence of other role models in the gang members' lives. And he accounts for the longevity of gangs, sometimes over decades, by showing how they offer barrio youth a sense of identity and belonging nowhere else available.
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All the information you need in one place! Each Study Brief is a summary of one specific subject; facts, figures, and explanations to help you learn faster.
List price: $22.95Copyright year: 1988Publisher: University of Texas PressPublication date: 1/1/1988Binding: PaperbackPages: 220Size: 6.25" wide x 9.25" long x 0.75" tall Weight: 0.748Language: English
James Diego Vigil is Professor of Social Ecology at the University of California, Irvine.
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My name is Daniel. I'm a relatively quiet, 14 year old boy. I've been seeing strange things in my peripheral vision, and I've also been hearing some... well, "replies", to some sounds. This has been going on for about a week. One of my strangest encounters was about a 2 days ago...
I started to hum one of my favorite nursery rhymes, I never learned the real name of the song, but I think most people call it "Pop goes the weasel", well, I guess it would be called "singing".
"All around the mullbury bush."
Then I heard a faint voice;
"The monkey chased the weasel."
For a moment I was startled, then I decided it was nothing, and went on with the third part of the song;
"The monkey thought it t'was all in fun."
I waited, hoping to hear the voice again, when I thought I wouldn't, I heard a sickening "POP", along with the breaking of bones, and the tearing of flesh... Then I heard it...
"Pop... goes... the... weasel..."
I Let it go for about a day then, I told my mother about the faint, dreadful voice in the back of my head, and we went to go check it out, and as we suspenseful turned the corner, I started to see the red glare of blood, stream out of the corner of my house. Mother Rushed out to see what had happened, and she nearly fainted from the horrid sight of a dead weasel's bloody head.
The next day I talked with good friend, Jim about it, a sickly look overcame his face, as he slowly walked away... I left him alone for a period or two of school then I spoke up.
"Hey man, whats up?"
He replied, "The weasel thing, it happened to me a few days ago..."
He further went on to explain how he how found a bloody, broken, and destroyed remains of weasel, he couldn't find out what it was at first, then he saw a snapped leg, and realized, it was a dismembered, lower body of a weasel. We talked about the carnage we saw until the end of the school long day.
I woke up the next day think nothing more of of it, then I heard the angry blaring of bright police siren, so I woke up in an instant to go check on my friend, he was murdered in cold blood, and Frightened me even more, was the crimson red blood that spells out the words, "The short end falls first... The longer end then follows. The short end falls first... the longer end then follows.
I am writing this to tell my story. I feel like i am slowly going insane. It's coming for me. I... I don't know what, "it", is, but it's coming. I have a gun to my head as I am typing this. Goodbye. Share my story with everyone you can. Goodbye.


text:
Usually there's a clear divide in TV sports between "the talent," who go on-air, and their better-dressed but anonymous programming counterparts.
Take Tim Pernetti, an executive vice president at CSTV, where he manages "the relationship part of our business" and says he oversees programming strategy and content delivery on the CBS-owned cable channel that reaches 15 million households. It will show about 400 live events this year — and live video or online coverage of about 10,000 events.
Pernetti seems appropriately buttoned-down. But he also says, "I'm not making this up; I have more fun than anybody."
Pernetti says that because, as he's billed on cstv.com, he's also "the Sultan of Saturday." "No topic is off limits for the Sultan!" the website warns. He also calls NFL games for Sports USA Radio and does radio game broadcasts and coaches' shows for his alma mater — Rutgers, whose football team is now famously undefeated. Says the Sultan in his current cstv.com video: "Rutgers haters, allow me to revel!"
But Tim, shouldn't you be fretting about ratings and rights fees? "Well, yes," he says. "But I have the best of both worlds."
Pernetti played tight end on winning Rutgers teams in 1991 and 1992 before graduating — "We got passed over for bowls because Rutgers had no bowl history" — and happened to meet reporter Armen Keteyian, who would move to TV sports but was then with ABC News. Keteyian got Pernetti an interview at ABC News which, Pernetti says, "was a disaster. But they passed me up to sports — probably just to be done with me."
He was hired and eventually became ABC Sports' programming director. He says "it would be a crime" if Rutgers finishes undefeated and doesn't go to the BCS title game, but he says he's impartial on-air: "I do things like break my watch, but I don't let it come out on-air. Thank God for my cough button."
Despite racing there, NASCAR crashing in big cities
As NASCAR pulls up the parking brake on another season Sunday, its TV ratings finish with the same old problem: city folk.
NASCAR ratings have been remarkably consistent since races went from a hodgepodge of networks in 2000 to consistent coverage. Starting in 2001, each season's first half was on Fox and its second half on NBC/TNT. This season NASCAR is averaging 4.5% of U.S. TV households for all races, excluding the atypical Daytona 500, nearly identical to its 4.4 season average in 2001. And season ratings varied by just fractions of a point the years between.
But consistency's downside is that NASCAR still isn't selling in big cities.
Consider NBC's second-half ratings, when NASCAR uses its season points Chase to try to counter competition from football and playoff baseball. In NBC's ratings, NASCAR races this season in New York and Los Angeles — which account for 11.6% of U.S. TV households — averaged just 1.8% of households. In ranking cities based on their NASCAR ratings, New York tied for 53rd — the same that the biggest TV market had in 2001.
In Los Angeles, the NBC ratings and the city's ranking have dropped since 2001. Given that two NASCAR races are staged near Los Angeles, those decreases put a damper on the notion that overall NASCAR interest will build in urban areas that get nearby NASCAR races. Chicago, the USA's No. 3 TV market, has a race nearby and ranks 49th in NASCAR ratings — down from 48th in 2001.
In Philadelphia, the fourth-largest TV market, NASCAR ratings are down from 2001 and rank 46th among all cities — down from 23rd in 2001.
Maybe Americans most likely to sit in traffic find it too depressing to watch cars making good time.
Cash all set for her close-up
Kids might be amazed to hear pro athletes used to have offseason jobs.
Some still do. At least in the WNBA, with its average salary about $50,000 and games in the summer meaning they are off during the NBA season. That's led to an anomaly: Athletes having TV jobs before they're retired from the pros.
"To begin this process now is pretty unheard of," says Swin Cash, the Detroit Shock forward who debuts Friday as an analyst on ESPN's NBA studio show. "Hopefully I'll play another 10 years. But I'm building my career foundation."
So are three other active WNBA players. Sacramento Monarchs guard Kara Lawson debuts Friday as an ESPN sideline reporter on NBA games, and New York Liberty guard Becky Hammon debuted earlier this month in the same role. The Chicago Sky's Stacey Dales, an ESPN reporter since 2002, also works football sidelines.
Cash doesn't see a problem analyzing male pros: "The reason I feel comfortable is that it's basketball at the pro level, which is where I'm playing."
Getting players' stories requires a game plan
Last season ABC/ESPN's Bonnie Bernstein worked NFL sidelines for CBS, which since has dropped sideline reporters on coverage of America's most self-important league.
That doesn't mean Bernstein can't still work Games That Will Live Forever. Saturday, it's the latest game-of-the-century: Michigan-Ohio State.
In terms of preparation, she says, the pro and college games are "very different." In the NFL, TV crews meet with coaches and star players. But in college the routine is to meet only with coaches — meaning "there's much greater responsibility" for sideline reporters to figure out what's going on with players. Although "the game itself" is most important on NFL coverage, reporting "stories" is a bigger deal with colleges.
The college sidelines can get crowded. "I can even imagine what it will be like on Saturday, probably two rows of sardine cans," Bernstein says. "I'll spend half the game trying to finagle my way up front."
Good luck. Consider the passion of ABC/ESPN's Kirk Herbstreit, who'll work Saturday's action. He dreamed about playing in one of the rivalry games. Growing up, the former Ohio State quarterback says he would "go to bed praying to hold off on nuclear bombs until I got a chance to play."
Showtime to give 'mixed martial arts' a fighting chance
Can "mixed martial arts" be the next TV poker?
The Ultimate Fighting Championship, hyped as a mix of all the ways people can fight each other without anybody getting killed, is already a big pay-per-view draw and scores solid ratings on Spike TV — especially among males still young enough to consider getting into fights themselves.
Such fighting from Japan has been shown on U.S. TV, and Fox Sports Net has shown taped action from a U.S.-based International Fight League. Next year, premium cable channel Showtime will air at least four live mixed-martial arts events.
"Our rules will be more action-friendly than UFC," says Doug DeLuca, who'll organize the Showtime events. "The biggest complaint from people who don't understand the sport is when fighters go to the ground, it slows things up (and) becomes grappling. We'll encourage action by standing them up quicker." And the action, he says, extends beyond fighters' steel cages: "Mixed martial arts is still the Wild West, and there's a gold rush on."
But, says Spike TV's David Schwarz, there's already a gold standard: "I'm sure we'll have more competitors. But the UFC is the NFL."


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Russia to Leave Georgia Proper
Tuesday, September 9, 2008
MOSCOW, Sept. 8 -- Russian President Dmitry Medvedev agreed Monday on a timetable for withdrawing troops from undisputed Georgian territory by Oct. 11 after the European Union pledged to send a team of international observers into the war-battered region.
The decision, announced at the end of a day of negotiations between Medvedev and a European delegation led by French President Nicolas Sarkozy, represented a significant concession by Russia after weeks of tough talk in the face of European and U.S. condemnation of its invasion of Georgia.
At a televised news briefing with Medvedev, Sarkozy said Russian forces would withdraw from five checkpoints between the Black Sea port of Poti and the western city of Senaki within a week, and from all positions in other undisputed parts of Georgia within a month.
But the standoff between Russia and the West over the broader question of Georgia's territorial integrity remained unresolved. Even as he agreed to pull back troops, Medvedev again voiced strong support for the two breakaway Georgian regions that are at the heart of the conflict and that Moscow has recognized as independent states.
"We have made our choice. This is a final and definitive choice, an irrevocable decision," Medvedev said of his government's recognition of South Ossetia and Abkhazia following Georgia's defeat in last month's five-day war.
He added that Russia planned to sign military pacts with South Ossetia and Abkhazia, both of which have agreed to continue hosting Russian troops.
The two regions enjoyed de facto autonomy within Georgia for more than a decade before Russia's decision to formally recognize their secession. Russia said it was compelled to act after Georgia abandoned peace talks and attempted to seize South Ossetia by force on Aug. 7, but the West denounced the move as an attempt to unilaterally redraw Georgia's borders.
Russia has also argued that South Ossetia and Abkhazia have a stronger case for independence than Kosovo, the Serbian province that the United States and much of Europe recognized as independent in February over Moscow's objections.
Asked whether Europe had in effect acquiesced to Russia's recognition of the two breakaway regions, Sarkozy bristled and said the issue would be revisited in further talks Oct. 15 in Geneva.
"It was not up to Russia to define Georgia's borders or frontiers," he said. "The Russians will say what they wish to say. We have condemned the Russian position."
Sarkozy flew on to the Georgian capital, Tbilisi, on Monday to talk with President Mikheil Saakashvili. After their meeting, Saakashvili called the agreement "a step forward" and expressed gratitude to the European negotiators, comparing what he called their "21st-century" diplomacy with the "Stalinian solutions or 19th-century solutions" offered by the Russians.
Alexander Lomaia, secretary of Georgia's National Security Council, applauded the clear deadlines in the agreement but added, "The bad news is that it doesn't refer to territorial integrity."
Separately, in its most concrete gesture of protest to date, the Bush administration on Monday withdrew from congressional consideration a civilian nuclear cooperation deal with Moscow that had once been celebrated as a symbol of the strength of U.S.-Russian relations. "We make this decision with regret," Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said in a statement in Washington. "Unfortunately, given the current environment, the time is not right for this agreement."
The agreement to pull back Russian troops, presumably into South Ossetia and Abkhazia, follows an earlier cease-fire deal brokered by Sarkozy that had also called for a Russian withdrawal. Russian forces withdrew from much of the territory they occupied in Georgia after that agreement, but continued to maintain "security zones" on Georgian soil near South Ossetia and Abkhazia over Western objections. Russian officials said the cease-fire agreement allowed them to patrol such zones to deter Georgian attacks against the breakaway regions.
Under Monday's agreement, the E.U. will send 200 monitors into the region no later than Oct. 1, joining U.N. and other international observers. Russia said it would withdraw its troops within 10 days of the E.U. deployment.
Russia said Monday that it will send a naval squadron and long-range patrol planes to Venezuela this year for a joint military exercise in the Caribbean, the Associated Press reported. Foreign Ministry spokesman Andrei Nesterenko insisted the decision was made before Russia's war with Georgia.
Correspondent Tara Bahrampour in Tbilisi contributed to this report.


text:
Note: This video was recorded by RSA Conference organizers. In the coming week, I will be running as many of them as I can find. Thanks to those who spoke and those who put the videos on YouTube.
Here, Qualys Chairman and CEO Philippe Courtot discusses the hyperconnected world of intelligent devices.


text:
Valérie Dumaine Rachel Dress
Valérie Dumaine Rachel Dress
Effortlessly cool lined chiffon tank top dress with top overlay by Valérie Dumaine. • Available in Fade to Beige Rose Gradient • 35" long from high shoulder point to hem. • Made in Canada.
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With just the first names this time...
Big sisters are Anna & Sarah. Last name is Martin...
(No nicknames for Elizabeth or Margaret)
With just the first names this time...
Big sisters are Anna & Sarah. Last name is Martin...
(No nicknames for Elizabeth or Margaret)
Anna Adele 3/2005, Sarah Elinor 5/2007, and Henry Lawrence 24 July 2009
I voted for Jane. Jane Martin flows well and I think Jane Elizabeth would be gorgeous.
Alexandra & Catherine's Mom
I don't like the flow of Mary Martin, otherwise that would have been my pick. I really like Jane Margaret Martin.
xoxo Amanda
So, you think it's cute to misspell your child's name? It's not. You're welcome.
1. Elizabeth
2. Mary
3. Jane
4. Margaret
"Follow your own path and let people talk." ~ Dante
Anna, Sarah, and Jane Martin for sure
Yva in Love with my other half R.P.B.
and Spoiling my God babies <3
I love SARAH, ANNA & JANE........JANE ELIZABETH to be exact!! What a wonderful classic sibset that would be!!! These names not only sound great together, they look good, printed out together!! That's a bonus in my book.
Mom to "M" ( 1974), "C" ( 1976), "A" (1985) & "Glamma" to "C" ('2007) & "M" ('2010) & "J" (2012)
I voted for Jane but honestly I think any of them would go perfectly with Anna and Sarah! I just don't think I like the way Mary Martin sounds, so that would probably be my last choice, just for that reason.
I LOVE Jane Elizabeth too!
Love them all with Anna and Sarah, but I voted for Jane. Jane Margaret would be divine. =)
Mom to E.G. 8/18/05, G.S. 10/9/07, B.R.V. 6/25/10, & L.J.F. 10/22/14
Jane Elizabeth definately!
Mommy to Megan Paige (my princess) 5/15/07, and My sweet baby BOY Zachary Robert EDD 08/26/09! Being mommy is my best accomplishment!
THis was a tough one for me because I am a huge Jane fan and a huge Mary fan...never thought I'd see them in the same poll! I went with Mary though because I like that it has the same # of syllables as your other DD. BUT saying that, I don't think you could go wrong with either Mary or Jane!


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Train Schedule Lite Portugal
- August 7, 2015
( 220)
This application serves to facilitate the achievement of the train schedule of transport company CP. This application serves to facilitate the achievement of the train schedule of transport company CP. Any error in the hours shown in timetables or even trains that are not made, doesn't is my fault, since the information is obtained from the CP site. In train travels that appears more than one type of train, ex: Urban and Intercity, simply means that the trip is made in two or more trains. In this version of the application it is not discriminated, and only disclosed the departure time of the first train, and the arrival time of the last train. Will add a version with more information later. To operate, simply select the stations in Spinners and clice the MENU button (green button at the bottom), followed by 'GO' button. To exit, use the 'Exit' button.
Useless The app just shows the list of trains that connect two places. For viewing intermediate stops and, most importantly, the price, one needs to go pro. What a bummer. :(
Brilliant Lovely app, works a treat. Very handy.
Yep. Does exactly what it says it does. Wish I had it sooner, since CP's website is NOT mobile friendly and I've tried to use it more than once.
Impecável Cumpre o que promete, pena eu não viajar de Comboio.
Super Support
5***** Good
What's New
- new design, more pratical and functional;
- new function History, where you can searh the more usual trains you ride faster;
-one bug removed;
-two bugs removed;
Download the app and have the Portuguese Airports on the palm of your hand.


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Yükleyen: bayleo
Yüklenme Tarihi: 02 Ağustos 2011 - 23:08
pepsico chief ındra nooyi is ındia's mascot of professional success in the global corporate world. sources have told ndtv profit that nooyi was approached to take charge of the tata group after ratan tata decides to step down.
Etiketler: ındra, nooyi, india


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WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. (AP) James Johnson scored 17 of his 21 points in the second half to lead No. 10 Wake Forest to a 96-88 comeback win over No. 19 Clemson on Sunday.
Johnson hit his first eight shots and finished 10-for-14 from the field, while the Demon Deacons (24-5, 11-5) shot 60% in their fourth straight win to secure the No. 2 seed for the Atlantic Coast Conference tournament.
Al-Farouq Aminu also scored 21 points and grabbed 10 rebounds for Wake Forest, which rallied from a 10-point first-half deficit to extend its home winning streak over Clemson to 17 games.
GAME REPORT: Wake Forest 96, Clemson 88
Demontez Stitt scored a career-high 21 points and K.C. Rivers also scored 21 for the Tigers (23-7, 9-7), who lost for the third time in four games and will limp into the ACC tournament as the No. 5 seed.
Before leaving the hotel for the arena, Clemson knew it couldn't secure a bye in the first round of the conference tournament. Florida State's win over Virginia Tech on Sunday afternoon gave the Seminoles the No. 4 seed and knocked the Tigers into a matchup with last-place Georgia Tech in Atlanta on Thursday.
It was early in the first half when North Carolina finished off Duke, giving the Demon Deacons an opening to earn the No. 2 seed in a tiebreaker over the Blue Devils by extending their home dominance over the Tigers.
While nothing like Clemson's infamous 0-54 mark at North Carolina, the Tigers' futility in Winston-Salem dates to 1990. Still, Clemson led 44-34 late in the first half.
After Wake Forest rallied to take a 71-66 lead, Rivers hit a 3 before Johnson went to work.
Johnson, who also had nine rebounds, answered with a 3 that ignited a 7-0 run, and a thunderous one-handed dunk with 4:10 left put Wake ahead 83-71, ending Clemson's chances of earning a split in the season series.
Stitt, a sophomore averaging 8.4 points coming in, exploded for 15 in the first 20 minutes. He hit a three-pointer and one of his numerous driving layups put the Tigers ahead 44-34 with 1:19 left.
The Demon Deacons then closed the half on a 6-0 run, capped by Aminu's fastbreak dunk at the buzzer.
Aminu hit seven of 10 shots coming off the bench. Coach Dino Gaudio started senior Harvey Hale in his final home game.
Chas McFarland added 14 points and eight rebounds for Wake Forest, which held a 38-26 rebounding advantage to offset 19 turnovers.
Copyright 2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Today was the first time I've experienced what some call "lucid dreaming".
My style of sleep is pretty light - I wake up constantly throughout the night, especially when I have dreams. This time my (first) dream was about waking up. I woke and looked at the clock, saw it was past 8 (which would normally be bad), but somehow I decided I'd just go back to sleep given that I hadn't heard my alarm. Little did I know, I was about to drop a level, falling asleep in my dream to wake up in something so realistic, I didn't want to leave - but knew I had to be dreaming.
In my dream within a dream I was getting up in a bed and breakfast style hotel. There were several rooms - I can visualize it perfectly, the light red and grey stripes of the wallpaper ended at the white fascia just a foot below the ceiling. The style was similar to house built in the 20s or 30s, with high ceilings, no hallways, just doorways between rooms leading into one another. Outside through the windows it was bright, sunny, but my focus was on the people who were gathered in a room adjacent to where I was sleeping.
I lay there wondering how I got there when I was just expecting my alarm to go off, however when I reached for my phone it wasn't there. My family (nuclear and some extended) was in the other room talking about the day, and typical of my normal sleeping habits I had to jump out of bed and get dressed before anyone would notice I didn't have anything on.
They were talking about the plan for the day and no one really paid me much special attention; it was just "normal". I started asking everyone if this was a dream - it had to be! I couldn't connect the dots, but I was starting to like the idea of it not being a dream - so I stepped into the conversation casually. My dad smiled at me, hit me in the shoulder like he often would - and that's when it crashed on me.
I recognized what should have been pain in my shoulder, and there was pain - but it felt distant, unreal - and he hugged me - then I felt my body in my real bed, and I woke. It was over.
Two levels down, is what I require, in order to dream lucidly - and while I hope it happens again, I'm not sure I will want to return to the real world...
Jake (aka TMZ7)


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Home > Divisions > Codes & Standards > Construction Reporter > New Home Warranties > Average and Median New Home Warranties: 2012 Quarterly Data
Average and Median New Home Warranties: 2012 Quarterly Data
New Jersey requires nearly every new house in the State be protected by a new home warranty to insure against major and minor defects that may result after construction. Most new dwellings are covered by warranties; the exceptions are apartments and new houses built directly by the homeowners themselves. Every three months, warranty companies send to the Department of Community Affairs information on the number of new homes enrolled in a new home warranty program. This information is used by the Department to create a central registry. It is also the basis for quarterly tables on the median and average sales prices of new homes.


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Featherweight titlist Jhonny Gonzalez and former three-division titleholder Jorge Arce, both of Mexico, are close to finalizing a deal for a Sept. 27 bout in Arce's hometown of Los Mochis, Mexico, according to Arce promoter Zanfer Promotions.
Arce (64-7-2, 49 KOs), 35, retired after being knocked out in the third round challenging then-junior featherweight titlist Nonito Donaire in December 2012, but it lasted only 11 months. He returned in November and has won three fights in a row by knockout on the comeback trail with his goal to get a shot at a featherweight title after having won belts at junior flyweight, junior bantamweight and junior featherweight (and an interim belt at flyweight).
Gonzalez (56-8, 47 KOs), 32, a former bantamweight titlist in his second featherweight title reign, regained his belt in upset fashion by knocking out Abner Mares in the first round last August. He has made one defense, a shaky performance against unheralded Clive Atwell in May.
The fight would be a big deal in Mexico as Gonzalez and Arce are well-known fighters there with a long track record of exciting fights.
A major part of getting the deal done is how to work out the Mexican television issues since Gonzalez fights on Televisa and Arce on TV Azteca, both major over-the-air networks. If the deal is completed, both networks could wind up televising the fight in Mexico in what would be a historic agreement.


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Godfathers of the Gun
Few things are more crucial to Soldiers than the guns they carry. Whether it's an infantryman with an M4 carbine, a sniper with an M2010 rifle or an MP with an M9 Beretta, a Soldier's life depends on their weapon. It must be well designed, accurate, reliable. It must be the best the country has to offer.
And in the United States, the bar is set high—thanks in large part to a handful of brilliant inventors, designers, engineers and gunsmiths who revolutionized weapon-making in the 19th and 20th centuries. During that time, the nation was a veritable breeding ground for gun innovation and technological advancements. Bold new ideas flourished—ideas so powerful, so ahead of their time, so well executed that they form the basis of the sophisticated and effective arsenal in use by today's Soldier.
Here, GX has assembled a roster of five U.S. weapons innovators who had the most significant impact on firearms used by the National Guard. Without the luxury of computers and modern-day tooling, they forever changed the face of warfare and (at least in one case, unintentionally) altered the course of history. Meet the forward-thinking elite whose creativity and ingenuity gave rise to weapons every bit as revolutionary as they were consequential.
Born/died: 1814–1862
Birthplace: Hartford, CT
Occupation: Inventor, industrialist
Arms maker: Colt's Patent Fire-arms Manufacturing Company
Always interested in how things worked, a young Samuel Colt was expelled from boarding school after one of his pyrotechnic "experiments" set a campus building ablaze. At 16, working as a seaman, he marveled at how the ship's wheel turned, locked in line with a series of spokes via a clutch system. This would form the basis of Colt's breakthrough idea—applying the same mechanics to a handgun, he developed a firearm with a revolving cylinder and locking hammer. In 1836, he formed the Patent Arms Manufactur-ing Company. But Colt's revolver originally met with little success, and he dismantled his plant six years later. Colt didn't return to making weapons until the Mexican-American War (1846–48), when President Zachary Taylor ordered 1,000 Colt revolvers for U.S. Soldiers at the behest of Captain Sam Walker, whose Texas Rangers were enamored with the gun. With no factory or machinery to fulfill the request, Colt re-created his designs from memory and rapidly stood up Colt's Patent Fire-Arms Manufacturing Company. Over the next quarter-century, he sold more than 400,000 revolvers, acclaimed for their power, durability and reliability. When he died in 1862, Colt's estate was said to be worth $15 million—that's more than $350 million by today's standards.
Innovative impact: Two of Colt's cutting-edge manufacturing methods revolutionized weapon-making: the use of interchangeable parts and assembly line production. Those methods made Colt's patented revolvers more widely available, affordable and easier to fix than other firearms, which in turn made them extremely popular. His best-known revolver, the .45 cal Peacemaker, became a cultural icon.
Did you know? As a child, Colt used tools and materials from his father's textile plant, along with an encyclopedia, to build a homemade galvanic cell, which converted chemical energy to electrical energy. On Independence Day in 1829, he connected the cell to underwater explosives and blew up a floating raft, amazing—and drenching—waterside holiday revelers.
"The good people in this world are very far from being satisfied with each other, and my arms are the best peacemaker." — Samuel Colt
Born/died: 1818–1903
Birthplace: Maney's Neck, NC
Occupation: Doctor, inventor
Arms maker: Gatling Gun Company
Richard Gatling was a man of varied interests. Starting his career as a farmer, he had a zest for inventing that led him to develop a seed planter that revolutionized U.S. agriculture. Later, a battle with smallpox inspired him to obtain a medical degree. During the Civil War, Dr. Gatling was horrified to learn that disease killed more Soldiers than combat. In a strange attempt to mitigate those losses, he developed a gun based on his seed planter design. "It occurred to me," Gatling wrote in 1877, "that if I could invent a [gun] which could, by its rapidity of fire, enable one man to do as much battle duty as a hundred, that it would … supersede the necessity of large armies, and, consequently, exposure to battle and disease [would] be greatly diminished." His plan backfired. Instead of saving lives, the Gatling gun—the world's first successful machine gun—resulted in even higher casualties.
Innovative impact: Gatling unwittingly opened the door to modern gunnery. His spring-loaded, hand-cranked machine gun was the first weapon to offer a continuous rate of fire without having to open the breech to reload. Easy to use on the battlefield and capable of killing enemies en masse, the Gatling gun kicked off a global escalation in arms that would ultimately lead to the carnage of future world wars.
Did you know? Gatling chose a Cincinnati foundry to assemble the first run of his game-changing weapon, despite repeated threats from nearby Confederate sympathizers who believed the facility's owner should not build firearms for the Union. In December 1862, the rebels reportedly set fire to the foundry, destroying the six original Gatling guns.
"The Gatling gun … is a cluster of six to 10 savage tubes that carry great conical pellets of lead, with unerring accuracy, a distance of 2½ miles. It feeds itself with cartridges, and you can work it with a crank like a hand organ; you can fire it faster than four men can count. When fired rapidly, the reports blend together like the clattering of a watchman's rattle. It can be discharged 400 times a minute! I like it very much." ― Mark Twain
Born/died: 1855–1926
Birthplace: Ogden, UT
Occupation: Gunsmith
Arms maker: Browning Arms Company
The son of a gunsmith, John Browning quit school before the seventh grade to help in the family shop. With a talent for innovation, Browning would amass 128 gun patents, covering 80 different weapons, during his lifetime. He created his first gun at 13, which was eventually bought by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. During his 20-year partnership with Winchester, Browning designed a series of rifles and shotguns, most notably models 1887 and 1894. The latter would become one of the best-selling hunting rifles in history, with over 7 million sold. After breaking with Winchester, Browning went on to create a mind-boggling number of weapons, including the M1911 pistol, the U.S. military's standard sidearm from 1911 until 1985 and arguably the most impressive pistol ever built; the 1917/19 machine guns, which were used in WWI, WWII, the Korean War and the Vietnam War; the M1918 BAR, the standard light machine gun of WWII; and the .50 cal M2 "Ma Deuce" machine gun, which continues to be used by military forces around the globe after nearly a century.
Innovative impact: Browning's most significant contributions came in the arena of auto-loading firearms, particularly his telescoping bolt design. The configuration, which shifts a portion of a weapon's mass in front of the breech, allows for more compactness and an easier aim. Design elements of the M1911 can be found in nearly every modern semi-automatic pistol. When developing the Glock 17, Gaston Glock said he borrowed his weapon's basic mechanics from Browning's designs.
Did you know? Browning never used blueprints. Amazingly, he designed firearms in his head, then built prototypes after mentally working out the kinks. Once a model was complete, he turned it over to his staff, which would then create blueprints and engineer the weapon.
"To say he was the Edison of the modern firearms industry does not quite cover the case, for he was even greater than that." — CPT Paul A. Curtis, author of Guns and Gunning
Born/died: 1888–1974
Birthplace: St. Remi, Quebec, Canada
Occupation: Designer, engineer
Arms maker: Springfield Armory
John Garand's early jobs—at a textile mill, a tool-making shop and a shooting gallery—sparked his interests in both machinery and target shooting. Eventually, Garand would blend his two hobbies and start designing guns. After winning a bid, he was hired by the U.S. government in 1917 to develop a light machine gun of his own creation. Two years later, he began working as an engineer at the Springfield Armory in Massachusetts, where he was tasked with designing a gas-actuated, self-loading rifle for the Army. After the prototype was perfected over 15 years, the .30 cal M1 Garand not only met all of the Army's necessary specs, but it also became the first standard-issue semi-automatic military rifle (replacing the bolt-action M1903 Springfield in 1936). Over 4 million M1s were manufactured during WWII, and the rifle was used by every U.S. military branch.
Innovative impact: Garand developed one of the most reliable and beloved U.S. infantry rifles in the modern era. Praised by Generals George Patton and Douglas MacArthur as the key to the Allies' victory in WWII, the M1 is used to this day by rifle teams and marksmen.
Did you know? Garand found ice skating to be a relaxing distraction from his work at Springfield Armory. In the winter, he would lay a protective sheet on his parlor floor and flood his house with water to make an indoor skating rink.
"In my opinion, the M1 rifle is the greatest battle implement ever devised." — GEN George S. Patton
Born/died: 1922–1997
Birthplace: Gosport, IN
Occupation: Designer, engineer
Arms maker: Armalite, Colt's Manufacturing Company, Cadillac Gage
Eugene Stoner's WWII experience—as a Marine Corps ordnance specialist in the Pacific theater—led him to a postwar job as a design engineer for an aircraft equipment company. In 1954, he joined the small-arms engineer team at Armalite, which was charged with developing a new and improved infantry rifle made of aluminum and fiberglass. That weapon, the AR-10, would ultimately lose out to the M14, but Stoner refused to quit and immediately set to work modifying the weapon. The new AR-15, which fired a smaller cartridge and featured a relocated handle, was field-tested in Vietnam. In 1963, the Army redesignated the promising rifle as the M16 and ordered 85,000 units. Frequent jams earned the gun a cold reception, but after a few improvements—namely the addition of a forward assist—the M16 replaced the M14 as the primary rifle of U.S. infantrymen.
Innovative impact: Stoner believed that, when it comes to weapons, smaller is better. His use of composite materials dramatically reduced the AR-15's weight. Holding the same amount of ammunition, the AR-15, with its plastic stock and aluminum body, weighed nearly half as much as the M14 model being used at the time. Plus, its compact, lightweight cartridge allowed Soldiers to carry more ammo and thus take out more enemies.
Did you know? Stoner's creation of the M16 closely paralleled Mikhail Kalashnikov's development of the Soviet AK-47. Although neither designer had formal training, each would build one of the world's best rapid-fire assault weapons. Over the span of their careers, Stoner and Kalashnikov met at conferences and even became friends.
"Brave American Soldiers and the M16 rifle won a victory here." — LTG (Ret.) Harold G. Moore, author of We Were Soldiers Once … and Young
Think there's another innovator who should have made our short list? Tell us about them at firstname.lastname@example.com