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HISTORIC HUTS OF THE ANTARCTIC FROM THE HEROIC AGE Paper for Nimrod (2010), Athy Bob Headland, Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge.
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1 HISTORIC HUTS OF THE ANTARCTIC FROM THE HEROIC AGE Paper for Nimrod (2010), Athy Bob Headland, Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge. IX 2010 Introduction All Antarctic history is comparatively recent; even when the peri-antarctic islands are included barely two centuries are involved. Because of this brief period, as well as the prevailing isolation of the region, historic remains are sparse, although most are generally well-recorded. The earliest sites are remains from the old sealing industry with relics of huts and evidence in caves, some occasionally used by men wintering voluntarily and otherwise. Early remains of a few scientific observatories, and even attempts at settlement, also exist on some islands, but very few involved anyone wintering. Although sporadic landings on Antarctica have been made from 1821 it was not until 1899 that any habitation was constructed on the continent. The huts built still stand, giving Antarctica the exceptional attribute of being the only continent where the original human habitation may be seen. Of the twenty-two sites on the continent, and on the various peri-antarctic islands, associated with the Heroic Age of Antarctic exploration only seven remain relatively intact. Four others have become roofless ruins and ten have either gone entirely or are now mere fragments. The table lists the huts and similar structures associated with the this period of Antarctic history, includes brief notes about their current circumstances, and indicates the organization which has become responsible for those remaining. Survival of the huts The surviving seven huts, and some of the ruins, have been preserved by much dedicated work by several organizations, notably the New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust which has become highly specialized in the necessary conservation work, legal protection, and continuing maintenance. Its publications record of the huts that once gone they are lost forever. The Athy Shackleton Autumn School series of events is very timely for their consideration for it is now a century after the majority of the huts was established. Several of them are closely associated with Ireland and the Antarctic particularly because men including Ernest Shackleton, Tom Crean, Reginald Ford, and others have spent an Antarctic winter in several of them. As well as those listed refuge huts, castaway depots, and similar structures, which were built by whalers, sealers, and others during and prior to this period, are also on South Georgia, South Shetland Islands, South Orkney Islands, Prince Edward Islands, Iles Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, Macquarie Island, Campbell Island, and Auckland Islands. When they were built the huts were neither intended, nor expected, to last for much longer than the duration of the expedition that established them. All were, of necessity, well constructed to withstand low temperatures, extreme winds (often blizzards), and much external abrasion notably from hard ice crystals. In general each hut was provisioned with adequate supplies so that, if it became necessary, there was sufficient for the expedition s complement to last an extra, unplanned, winter. Many of these supplies remain (some of the oldest preserved foods in existence), although unexpected winters sometimes caused the original intentions to be fulfilled (Nordenskjöld s Swedish expedition in 1903 and Shackleton s Aurora expedition in 1915 and 1916 are examples). The current state of the historic huts is the product of several factors including: the strength of their original fabric, the location of many (a sheltered site, where practicable, was preferred), the generally frigid and dry climate (they may be said to be in the freezer ), the rarity of visitors most of whom are very well aware of the historical significance, and especially the work of the organizations responsible for them. The principles of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (founded in 1991) include many related to preservation of the huts. The vast majority of visitors to the huts conform to these principles. Natural losses and damage Losses of the historic huts are mainly the works of nature. Some deployed on ice shelves were ineluctably lost when these calve and take them into the Southern Ocean ( Framheim on the Ross Ice Shelf and Mawson s west base on the Shackleton Ice Shelf are examples.) Erosion of the surfaces of huts may be severe as strong winds abrade timber and other cladding with sharp ice crystals as well as sand and other particulate matter. In some cases nail heads which were hammered flush to a timber surface now stand as
2 much as 1 cm proud of it owing to abrasion of the wood (Borchgrevink s 1899 hut at Cape Adare and Mawson's, hut at Commonwealth Bay show examples of this). Although the cold generally helps with preservation when ice melts and refreezes the expansion and contraction during freeze-thaw activity may slowly cause structural damage. Fungal and bacterial decay is slow in Antarctic conditions but these have had a century to accumulate their deleterious effects. Most huts are situated close to the sea; thus salt spray is another corrosive factor. Penguin guano contains a high concentration of uric acid crystals which cause, from both chemical and physical processes, corrosion (the Cape Adare huts are examples). A broken pane of glass, or any other aperture even as small as a nail hole, may admit fine wind-blown powder snow known as spindrift to a hut. Although it enters sparsely it accumulates steadily and slowly consolidates eventually forming a solid block of ice within a hut. This may have some advantages as well as being a problem. It can provide structural strength as in Mawson s hut situated in the home of the blizzard. Within such ice are artefacts ranging from wooden furniture to many small, often delicate, objects. Its removal usually requires much slow, careful delicate work, but what this reveals is often of great importance. Human effects The effects of man are also significant, both adverse and beneficial. From around the 1950s many huts were re-visited for the first time and souvenirs were often taken. These ranged from acquisition of museum specimens, adaption of items for use in more recent stations, minor souveniring, even to outright pillaging. Such factors are, by no means, confined to locations in polar regions. For many years the author, as Curator of the Scott Polar Research Institute, kept a no names no pack drill box in which items from any historic hut could be placed for eventual return. It was possible to send some back directly otherwise the help of the New Zealand High Commission was appreciated for items from the Ross Dependency. Some souvenirs have reappeared, many years later, and even been consigned for sale by their owners or deceased estates. Auction houses, notably Christies, have acted, where appropriate, with probity to ensure items are returned to the hut from where they were originally acquired. It is important that people are able to visit the huts to appreciate their history and endeavours of the men who inhabited them. This also is not without problems involving changes in temperature and humidity which are monitored by inconspicuous instruments. Other matters involve fire precautions, essential because most of the structures are wooden and all are very dry. In the Antarctic water is usually a solid and rarely available in quantity for an emergency. Conservation Conservation work is, as far as practicable, done to minimize any aspect of artificiality introduced to the huts. For instance where separation of bedding, furs, and other artefacts is desirable transparent Mylar film is put between them, when cut to size it is unobtrusive. Photographic records of items are kept but many also have markings and labels which, as far as practical, are placed in less visible locations. Where replacement boards are necessary much effort is made to have the renewed material as similar to the original as practicable. Where the contents of a tin can, or other container, have had to be removed owing to corrosion or similar problems an equal weight of inert material is introduced in its place. Some work is restorative rather than conservative, thus selected application of oxalic acid to remove rust from labels leaves them much clearer and easier to read; as well as enhancing their preservation. Many of the huts are in the region covered by the Antarctic Treaty of These have all been declared as Historic Sites under the provisions of the Treaty and most are covered by specific regulations (it is interesting to observe that none of huts outside the Treaty limits have, for different reasons, survived). For those which may be visited limits on the numbers of people within at any one time have been established which, as well as benefiting the huts and their contents, also enhance the experience for visitors (even though their time to appreciate them is often restricted by operational limits of the ships, as well as by conditions of ice and weather). Expenditure Of necessity, because of the high costs of logistics, preserving the historic huts is an expensive task. Thus raising of funds is important for those involved. By accident of geography the New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust has the largest responsibility. A related organization, the United Kingdom Antarctic Heritage Trust, has a much greater range of support and, as well as conserving huts with which it is directly involved, is able to send funds to New Zealand. Little expertise is needed from outside New Zealand because their
3 studies and practical experience have resulted in an excellent specialization in what is needed; indeed they are able to advise many other projects. Financial support from the Government of Ireland has been significant in the case of the historical huts of Ross Island Private finance also makes important contributions. Most visitors to the huts are currently those travelling aboard tourist ships which call during the austral summer. In the Ross Sea region the remoteness and expense of visiting is substantial, thus generally fewer than 500 persons annually see the huts. As well as the advantages of spreading the knowledge and appreciation of the huts many of these visitors are generous patrons of the organizations maintaining the huts. Charity auctions are organized aboard most voyages with lots, usually relevant to the huts and expeditions, donated. It is sometimes surprising what prices are fetched in support of such good causes. A private sponsor recently made an exceptionally generous offer to match funds donated, thus doubling their value. Alternatives Questions have been raised about the validity of this work and suggestions of alternative ways of dealing with the historic huts have been raised. These include: protecting each one with a large dome or other structure, removal in entirety for display outside the Antarctic, taking no action and allowing nature to take its course and eventually destroy them, building hotel-style accommodation in the vicinity to develop tourism, and several other schemes. All things considered it is difficult to believe any of these have greater advantages than the continuous care and protection currently practised. The Arctic also has examples of preservation, dereliction, and loss of huts. There is much to be learnt from such examples. In many cases historical buildings are entirely lost there, although many survive and a proportion is well-maintained (notably the hunters, trappers and other huts in north-east Greenland). As well as museum replicas of parts of the historic huts complete accurate reproductions of some have been made. One Antarctic example is that of Mawson s hut replicated in detail in the grounds of a patron of the hut foundation in Berwick, Victoria, Australia. Other huts This note deals with the huts of the Heroic Age, but there are various others in the Antarctic which are considered to have heritage status. Some of these are now closer in date to the time of Amundsen, Mawson, Scott, Shackleton, and others than they are to the present. Base A at Port Lockroy, built in 1944 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, the remaining International Geophysical Year and Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition hut at Scott Base built in 1955, and some of the earliest buildings, often from the 1940s and early 1950s at several other stations are examples. Time goes on and the historical significance will increase of those that are allowed to survive. The requirements of clearance of structures no longer used in Antarctic regions to maintain their remote and wilderness aspects is something controversial. It may be argued that on their removals traces of history for future generations are lost. A compromise where representative structures are kept is usually achieved, but not without a degree of controversy, as well as questions of how to cover the costs involved. The worst case of strict application of the policy would eventually make Antarctica the only continent with no archaeology. Cape Adare Ridley Beach on Cape Adare (71 28 S, E) was the site of the earliest wintering on Antarctica by ten men of a British, multinational, expedition commanded by Carsten Borchgrevink in The hut and adjacent roofless store are situated on a large flat shingle spit amid an enormous Adélie Penguin rookery on a site that, although well north of the other Ross Dependency huts, is difficult to reach because of ice and weather. The structures are a Scandinavian design fitted together rather like a planed log cabin. This has proven very able to tolerate local conditions although its fabric, especially on the windward side, is much eroded. Inside, however, the supplies and some artefacts have not all survived well for the corrosive effects of penguin guano and salt have accumulated. The New Zealand Antarctic Hertiage Trust, and its predecessors, have worked on these huts but the site is the last on the list to be refurbished in the current programmes. Captain Scott s northern party of six men also built a hut at Cape Adare in 1911, about 25 m from Borchgrevink s huts. This was of a different structure which was largely intact up to the mid 1960s but subsequently has mostly collapsed and the remains are severely corroded. The only standing part is the porch
4 (which looks very much like an out-house for residents of Borchgrevink s hut). Any preservation work on its ruins is constrained by the vast numbers of penguins nesting in and around it. Winds and other weather, as well as penguins, continue to contribute to its slow dilapidation. Ross Island huts On Ross Island huts from the period remain at Hut Point (77 85ºS, ºE), Cape Evans (77 63ºS, ºE), and Cape Royds (77 55ºS, ºE), all are maintained by the Antarctic Heritage Trust (N.Z.). From the early days of Scott Base voluntary hut caretakers, mainly members of the New Zealand Antarctic Association, looked after them and began the excavation of their interiors that had become largely ice-filled. This slow, careful, and difficult work revealed vast numbers of artefacts that demonstrated much of the history of the expeditions. Hut Point, used first by Captain Scott s Discovery expedition ( ) and subsequently by every other Heroic Age expedition on Ross Island, is the most southerly and accessible being near the United States McMurdo station and New Zealand s Scott Base. It is distinct from the other historic huts in that it was never intended to provide accommodation and is lacking in any proper stove for cooking or heating, although an extemporary one was constructed from bricks. For many years its outer walls had been used by visitors to write their names and other observations. These were essentially graffiti that detracted from the appearance of the building. Three things remedied this: much application of sand-paper, administrative directives, and provision of a visitors book. Shackleton s hut at Cape Royds, where 15 men wintered in 1915, has been the first to be completed of a series of major projects by the Antarctic Heritage Trust. This was a difficult undertaking and not without a degree of controversy regarding how much and in what form work should be undertaken. Detailed plans were distributed and comments requested from a wide variety of interested parties before work began. Original materials, notably roofing fabric, required entire replacement and the renewed structures at first looked quite distinct from its familiar appearance. The Antarctic climate, however, is remedying this and after a few winters, wind effects will have restored much to its the original appearance. Removal of accumulated ice beneath the floor of the hut was a special problem as the crawl space is small. The efforts were surprisingly rewarded however when various stores and artefacts were found stowed there. The culmination was when, far at the back, a case was detected through the ice, the label indicated it held whisky but whether this was still so was not known. Such well-made cases were used for many purposes (they are good for geologists collections of rocks for instance). A characteristic smell was identified which gave a clue as excavation and melting out continued. Ultimately it was confirmed that the original contents were intact despite a broken bottle (the smell). Luck was even more bountiful as another full case was found behind the first, but these were merely early discoveries. In total three crates of whisky and two of brandy were excavated. MacKinlay s, the distillery that made it, is still in business although now owned by Whyte & Mackay. It is proposed that the whisky be examined and a Shackleton variety be prepared to the style of a century ago. Captain Scott s Cape Evans hut also has its special problems, notably the accumulation of drifts of snow and consolidated ice against the inland wall. This had become so large as to reach the roof and begin to exert pressure on the wall. Its removal involved arduous pick and shovel work until the lower parts were reached which contained artefacts. Then more careful, although no less arduous, excavation removed the remainder. The problem of how to stop drifts accumulating again remained, but it was solved by deploying a set of four vortex generators about 40 m inland from the hut. These are triangular inclined planes, about 2 m long on pedestals about 2 m high. They serve to direct the winds, bearing snow, passively over the hut from a distance, rather than blowing against it and dropping their load of snow against it. After two winters it appears they work, they look odd in the location, but solve a difficult problem of conservation. Ice had accumulated beneath the floor of this hut also, and crawl space was even smaller. Indeed there was so much ice that drainage was stopped and, in 2004, a couple of centimetres of water flooded the floor of the hut during a warm period of melt. This was a disaster; immediately work began by personnel from Scott Base to re-established drainage. Now, after the floor and linoleum covering had been lifted, ice removed, and everything replaced, drainage has been provided unobtrusively. Similarly an impermeable membrane has been fitted inside the outer cladding on the snow-drift side. This does its work effectively and can not be seen by visitors. South Orkney Islands
5 William Speirs Bruce, leader of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition aboard Scotia ( ) was responsible for establishing the earliest continuous meteorological and geomagnetic station in the Antarctic when his expedition began observations at Laurie Island on the South Orkney Islands (60 74 S, W) on 26 March After the winter a hut, Omond House was built ashore to continue the observations while Scotia continued marine research, visited the Falkland Islands and reprovisioned in Buenos Aires. On 22 February 1904 the station was transferred to Argentina, through the British Legation, and it has continued operating to the present. Omond House proved too small for the accommodation and the observatory. After the second year a prefabricated building was erected there which later became known as Casa Moneta after a meteorologist who spent four winters (1923, 1925, 1927, and 1929) and wrote a fascinating account of his time there. Casa Moneta was occupied annually, usually by five men, until a larger station was built in the early 1950s. Omond House is now a ruin, only the remains of the wooden floor and lower parts of the rubble walls remain at the southern corner of the modern station. It was built close to the beach and suffered during severe storms (once it was nearly washed away). Casa Moneta still stands in good state largely surrounded by the modern station. It has been well-maintained by the Argentine Navy which currently runs the station and has become a small museum exhibiting much of the station s century of continuous history. A magnetic observatory, which dates from the early decades of the station also remains, is still used for its original purpose. Nordenskjöld s Swedish expedition The Swedish Antarctic Expedition of led by Otto Nordenskjöld left three structures in Antarctica: a station on Snow Hill Island (64 47ºS, 57 20ºW), a large stone hut on Paulet Island (63 58ºS, 55 78ºW), and a small one at Hope Bay. The first was built as planned and is a five-roomed structure where six men wintered intentionally in 1902 and unintentionally in The expedition s ship, Antarctic commanded by Captain Carl Larsen, was beset and foundered in January 1903 leaving her compliment, of 20, stranded on Paulet Island. Earlier a party of 3 sent to inform the Snow Hill men of a plan to relieve them, also became stranded for the 1903 winter at Hope Bay. The men on Snow Hill Island were able to supplement their supplies with local wildlife but the two other groups, living in stone huts they built, had much greater difficulties. The Snow Hill hut was investigated by a party from the British Operation Tabarin station at Hope Bay in 1945 who reported it in sound condition although with much snow inside. They recovered some bottles of liquor which were drunk at the 1947 meeting of the Antarctic Club in London and described as excellent. Argentina established a station on adjacent Seymour Island in 1962, and thus was able to make more frequent visits to the Swedish hut. A result is that many items from it are displayed in the Maritime Museum in Ushuaia, as well as aboard the ship Uruguay which rescued the expedition and in now moored in Buenos Aires, and elsewhere. The Instituto Antárctico has been responsible for repairs and maintenance of the hut which, being relatively easily accessible, has more visitors than those on Ross Island. The walls of the two stone huts slowly collapsed over time. Hope Bay was visited by Lincoln Ellsworth s expedition in 1935 and by Operation Tabarin in The latter used a spar once supporting its canvas roof, as a flag pole on their first station; unfortunately this was burnt with the station in a fatal fire in November Argentina established a station at Hope Bay in 1950 after some altercation with a British party. The Argentines began restoration of the Swedish stone hut and collection of artefacts in the late 1970s and its walls are now reconstructed to about their original height. The Paulet Island stone hut has had little investigation because it is surrounded by a large Adélie penguin colony that is hastening its collapse. An attempt to exclude penguins from the immediate site by an Argentine expedition with private Swedish support in 2004 was not successful, and little investigation of what remains at the site has been made. When the three groups of the Swedish expedition were rescued by the Argentine naval ship Uruguay in 1903 a depot was left in the Paulet Island hut. Interestingly this, and much of the logistics of the relief expedition, were arranged by Ernest Shackleton who had just returned from a winter with Captain Scott s first expedition. Julian Irizar, appointed to command Uruguay, was the Argentine naval attaché in London at the time that explains how they met and prepared for the rescue voyage, and why the sites of the Swedish expedition s wintering were among those considered by Shackleton during the drift of the three boats after the sinking of Endurance. Douglas Mawson s huts Douglas Mawson s Australasian Antarctic Expedition of aboard Aurora originally intended to have a station on Macquarie Island and three stations on Antarctica: a central one with coastal subsidiaries to the east and west. No suitable location was found for the eastern one so it was combined with that built at
6 Commonwealth Bay. This site has some special problems; Mawson called it The Home of the Blizzard as it is perhaps the windiest station site on the entire Antarctic coast for katabatic winds may descend without interruption from the central polar plateau. When Mawson landed it was at one of the few deceptively tranquil times. Landing at any time may be difficult; neither small craft nor helicopters are safe in the strong winds and plans have to be made allowing for a probably prolonged time for landings of conservation staff and subsequent recovery from ashore. Originally much of the interior of the combined hut was filled with ice and spin-drift, the weights of which had caused some structure to collapse. Removal of these was problematic for they had come to provide structural strength and integrity to the hut. Careful survey and engineering was an early essential. Conservation work is very constrained by the weather but, with perseverance and persistence, much of the fabric of the hut has been consolidated and secured. It is now again largely weatherproof. Materials matching the original ones are used as far as practicable; even if they first appear new they are soon eroded and match those they replaced. Mawson s Hut Foundation, with much assistance from the Australian Antarctic Division, has conducted the work during a period of over a decade. It is a fascinating, but rarely visited site, and a difficult one for conservation work. The fates of Mawson s western hut and his one on Macquarie Island are described below. Demolished huts On South Georgia continuous meteorological records began on 17 January 1905, by a Norwegian whaling enterprise based in Buenos Aires, the Compañia Argentina de Pesca. In 1907 they moved to an observatory established on adjacent King Edward Point (54 28ºS, 36 50ºW). This was extended over the years but closed by 1969 and the observatory moved to a newer building. The original building remained until 1974 when it had become dilapidated and was demolished by the British Antarctic Survey. This was during a programme of reducing the expenditure on maintenance of the many buildings on King Edward Point which remained from the days of Falkland Islands Dependencies administration of the island when it had a total population of over a thousand during the whaling era. Likewise, and for similar reasons, Douglas Mawson s huts from the Australasian Antarctic Expedition of at Buckles Bay, on Macquarie Island (54 50 S, E) were demolished after a new Australian station was built there in Huts destroyed by nature The historic huts which have completely gone by calving of ice shelves are Framheim (originally 78 50ºS, ºW) built by Roald Amundsen on eastern side of the Ross Ice Shelf where nine men wintered in 1911, and that of Mawson s western party of eight, led by Frank Wild, on the Shackleton Ice Shelf (originally 66 17ºS, 95 42ºE). Ice shelves constantly advance and anything on their surfaces become buried progressively deeper by snow eventually consolidating into ice. Their forward sections eventually break off as enormous tabular icebergs taking anything on, or within, them out to sea were they eventually melt. Many more recent stations built on floating ice have suffered a similar fate. Melting of ice was responsible for the loss of the ice cave on Inexpressible Island (74 90ºS, ºE) where six men wintered in 1912 under very difficult conditions. New Zealand parties identified the site in the 1960s but the cave then appeared to have collapsed. Subsequently the small glacier in which it was built has receded greatly and no trace of the structure remains. The boulder beach in the vicinity still has several seal and other skeletons remaining from the winter party and a plaque indicates the former position of the cave. The fate of the hut from Captain Scott s northern party at Cape Adare is related above. The fates of Erik von Drygalski s German hut at Baie de l Observatoire on Iles Kerguelen (49 41ºS, 69 90ºE) and the modified waterboat of Waterboat Point (64 82ºS, 62 86ºW) where two men wintered in 1921, are essentially the same; dilapidation by Antarctic weather reducing them even more than the northern party hut. Similarly the huts built ashore by Jean Charcot s French expeditions on Booth Island (65 08ºS, 64 00ºW) where Français wintered in 1904, and on Petermann Island (62 17ºS, 64 17ºW) where Porquoi Pas? wintered in 1909, both off the Antarctic Peninsula, are gone. It appears none of these huts lasted for much more than about a decade after they were closed and abandoned. At Waterboat Point only some of the timbers of the bottom of the boat survive. Sir Ernest Shackleton s two boats, converted into a hut on Point Wild, Elephant Island (61 17ºS, 55 23ºW), sheltered 22 men during the 1916 winter. They were on a low-lying shingle spit. In 1922, after Shackleton s sudden death in South Georgia, Frank Wild, who had assumed command of Quest came close to the site but saw no trace of the boats. It must be presumed that they were overwhelmed and washed away by
7 the sea. The spit certainly appears storm-tossed and it was fortunate that the 1916 party did not suffer a similar fate. Perhaps the winter pack-ice which thwarted Shackleton s first three rescue attempts ameliorated the force of the sea. HISTORIC HUTS IN THE ANTARCTIC FROM THE HEROIC AGE Existing huts (7) Location Winter year Expedition (year) vessel (personnel) (winter complement) Cape Adare 1899 (10) British Antarctic Expedition ( ) Southern Cross Winter leader Carsten Borchgrevink Maintained by Antarctic Heritage Trust N.Z. Hut Point, Ross Island 1902, 1903 British National Antarctic Expedition ( ) Discovery (45 in 1902, 37 in 1903) Robert Scott ditto Antarctic Heritage Trust N.Z (3) Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition ( ) Aurora Not designated Snow Hill Island 1902 (6), 1903 (6) Swedish South Polar Expedition ( ) Antarctic Otto Nordenskjöld ditto Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands (Casa Moneta) Cape Royds, Ross Island 1905 (5) present Oficina Meteorológica Argentina ( ) Uruguay 1908 (15) British Antarctic Expedition ( ) Nimrod Otto Diebel and others annually Ernest Shackleton Antarctic Heritage Trust N.Z. Cape Evans, Ross Island 1911 (25) 1912 (13) British Antarctic Expedition. ( ) Terra Nova Robert Scott Edward Atkinson Antarctic Heritage Trust N.Z (10) 1916 (4) Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition ( ) Aurora Æneas Mackintosh Not designated Commonwealth Bay 1912 (18) 1913 (7) Australasian Antarctic Expedition ( ) Aurora Douglas Mawson ditto Mawson's Hut Foundation and Australian Antarctic Division Ruins (roofless) (4) Paulet Island 1903 (20) Swedish South Polar Expedition ( ) Antarctic Hope Bay 1903 (3) Swedish South Polar Expedition ( ) Antarctic Carl Anton Larsen Gunnar Andersson Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands (Omond House) (5) Scottish National Antarctic Expedition ( ) Scotia (33 in 1903) Oficina Meteorológica Argentina ( ) Scotia William Bruce Robert Mossman Cape Adare 1911 (6) British Antarctic Expedition Victor Campbell Antarctic Heritage
8 (northern party) ( ) Terra Nova Trust N.Z. Sites where huts were deployed but where they no longer exist (10) Iles Kerguelen 1902 (5) German South Polar Expedition ( ) Gauss Emil Werth Reason for loss Dilapidation Booth Island 1904 French Antarctic Expedition ( ) Français (20) Jean Charcot Dilapidation King Edward Point, South Georgia 1907 (1) 1955 Norwegian whalers (Grytviken transport vessels) Erik Nordenhaag (meteorologist) and later ones Demolition in 1974 by British Antarctic Survey Petermann Island 1909 French Antarctic Expedition ( ) Porquoi Pas? (30) Jean Charcot Dilapidation Bay of Whale, Ross Ice Shelf 1911 (9) Norwegian Antarctic Expedition ( ) Fram Roald Amundsen Calving of the ice shelf Inexpressible Island 1912 (6) British Antarctic Expedition ( ) Terra Nova Victor Campbell Ablation and melting Shackleton lce Shelf 1912 (8) Australasian Antarctic Expedition ( ) Aurora Frank Wild Calving of the ice shelf Macquarie Island 1912 (5) 1913 (5) 1914 (3) 1915 (3) Australasian Antarctic Expedition ( ) Aurora Commonwealth Meteorological Expedition ( ) Endeavour George Ainsworth ditto Harold Power A. Tulloch Demolition in 1948 by Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition Point Wild, Elephant Island 1916 (22) Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition ( ) boats from Endurance Frank Wild Overwhelmed by sea Waterboat Point 1921 (2) British Expedition to Graham Land ( ) Svend Foyn Thomas Bagshawe Dilapidation Winter personnel numbers for huts are given where they were independent, or as complements of vessels where one wintered in the vicinity of a hut.
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Preventing the index.php from updating
So I have a very custom WP theme on my sandtrooper website. Everything works great, but how I have the theme set up there is a custom index.php file in the root directory to call out and use the Flash elements.
Because of this, every time I update the WP back-end, that index.php gets overwritten.
That's fine for all the times I remember to replace it again with my custom theme… but there have been some weeks on end where I totally forget and my site is the old boring default WP theme.
Is there a way / does anyone know how to keep the root index.php from updating when you run the automatic update on the back-end?
- The topic 'Preventing the index.php from updating' is closed to new replies.

subset: commoncrawl


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+91-11-45679615Post Your Requirement
Description :
After breakfast, we will go for Jougni waterfall trek with under the strict supervision of our qualified instructors at waterfall, the guests are given time to spend, play around & to take photographs near and around waterfall. Trek back to hotel.
After the trek guest can enjoy the Manali Mall. & come back to Hotel at leisure. Overnight stay at Hotel.
Description :
In the morning after breakfast, excursion visiting Kothi, Gorge, Gulaba, Marhi, Rohtang Pass (Up to Snow Line in case Rohtang is closed due to snow fall)… Enjoy Skiing, Horse Riding, Yak Riding, Snow Scooter ride (on your own expenses) Afternoon at 4 - 5 pm return to Manali. Dinner & Overnight stay at hotel.
Description :
Today morning after breakfast we will go for an xciting session of Rafting and drive back to Manali. Post lunch at Manali we will leave for an exciting session of Rockclimbing, Rappeling, River crossing, under the strict supervision our Qualified Instructors, and drive back to Manali. Leisure at Manali mall. Overnight Stay at Hotel.
Description :
After breakfast we will go for half day city tour visiting Hadimba Devi Temple (Hadimba Devi Temple is made by wooden temple is the located in middle of forest), Old Manali, US Club, Vashisht Village and Tibetan-Monastery. Later in the evening Departure from Manali to Delhi.
Mr. Abhay
Kullu - Manali Holid..
On Request
3 Days / 2 Night
Delhi - Manali - Rohtang ..
Complete Himachal To..
rs. 50000
10 Days / 9 Night
Shimla - Mandi - Kullu - ..
Complete Tour Of Cha..
rs. 30000
7 Days / 6 Night
Chandigarh - Shimla - Man..
Manali Ski Tour
On Request
9 Days / 8 Night
Manali - Solang Valley - ..
Himachal Fantasy Tou..
On Request
12 Days / 11 Night
Delhi - Amritsar - Dharam..
Delhi - Kullu - Mana..
On Request
7 Days / 6 Night
Delhi - Kullu - Manali
Shimla Manali Chandi..
On Request
7 Days / 6 Night
Shimla - Manali - Chandig..
Delhi - Manali Tour
On Request
5 Days / 4 Night
Delhi - Manali
Shimla Short Escape ..
On Request
3 Days / 2 Night
Delhi - Shimla - Kufri
Magnificent Shimla M..
On Request
6 Days / 5 Night
Delhi - Shimla - Kufri - ..


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The Quad Lock® Bike Mount for the Samsung Galaxy S8 is the lightest, strongest and most dependable Samsung Galaxy S8 Bike Mount available thanks to the Patented Quad Lock® dual locking system. The Samsung Galaxy S8 bike kit has everything you need to mount onto your bike.
The Samsung Galaxy S8 is a revolutionary design with endless features including extended battery life to power your smartphone for longer meaning you never really have to stop using your phone on-the-go. A clear infinity display screen allows uninterrupted viewing when using fitness apps such as Strava™ or Google Maps to track or navigate your ride with Quad Lock®.
Mounting Hardware
Bike Mount Dimensions (mm)
The Quad Lock Samsung S8 running armband is the ultimate Sports Armband for runners, joggers and gym goers. The Quad Lock Sports Armband fits effortlessly and securely onto your arm or over activewear.
Running has never been easier, with the Galaxy S8 running armband. With the Quad Lock Sports Armband you are only a click away from easy access to your smartphone and you can be confident that it is securely attached to your arm. The Quad Lock® system is designed so you no longer have to struggle trying to fit your Samsung S8 into a neoprene or plastic pouch.
Now your Samsung S8 can be fully utilised to keep a tab on your workout progress and get statistics in realtime via apps like Strava Run or Runkeeper navigate your city with ease using Maps.
Introducing the Quad Lock® Car Mount for the Samsung Galaxy S8. This is one of the strongest and most secure car mounts on the market. Using a patented cam locking industrial-strength suction cup and super strong body, this mount is designed in Australia and made in Germany. View your Google maps on any angle by using the 360 degree swivel ball rotation and effortlessly connect and disconnect to your Galaxy S8 in a matter of seconds.
Due to popular demand, the Samsung series are back! Introducing the latest addition to the series, the Quad Lock case for the revolutionary Galaxy S8.
The Galaxy S8 Case features an impact absorbing TPU outer shell and tough poly-carbonate core, providing great protection for your device. A soft microfiber internal lining keeps the rear of your phone looking brand new and fits seamlessly over the edges of your device.
The Quad Lock Case for Galaxy S8 is compatible with the entire range of Quad Lock Mounts. The slim profile and impact absorbing materials make it perfect for everyday use and the sleek design allows your Galaxy S8 to fit easily into your pocket on-the-go .


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Tour pick-up is available in Austin, Wimberley, Dripping Springs or Driftwood.
Tuesday through Saturday - 11:00 AM
- Chauffeured transportation in a luxurious 1937 antique Cadillac Limo or an elegant 1963 Bentley Sedan
- Visit 3 wineries which may include: Driftwood Vineyards, Duchman Family Winery, Solaro Estate, Bell Springs or Bella Vista Ranch
- BBQ lunch at the famous Salt Lick BBQ restaurant is included
Texas is one of the oldest wine producing states in the US, with vines planted more than a hundred years before they were planted in California. Discover the area's history, geography and climate and how it became the wine-making region it is today on this Private Hill Country Wine Tour.
Your private wine tour will begin with your driver picking you up from any Bed & Breakfast, hotel, or private residence in Austin, Wimberley, Dripping Springs or Driftwood.
Enjoy luxurious door-to-door transportation in an antique limousine. For a romantic tour for two, you will spend the day in a vintage White Bentley Sedan. For a party of four, you will ride comfortably in an elegant 1937 Cadillac Formal Limousine.
You will visit 3 wineries in the Dripping Springs and Driftwood region, which may include:
- Driftwood Vineyards
- Duchman Family Winery
- Solaro Estate
- Bell Springs
- Bella Vista Ranch
A stop for lunch is included at the historic Salt Lick BBQ restaurant for some world famous Texas barbeque.
What could be better than spending a day touring beautiful Texas Hill Country in an antique limo while tasting amazing wines and eating delicious BBQ!
Essential Information:
- Package includes: hotel pick-up, chauffeured transportation, wine tasting fees, and all-you-can-eat lunch at the Salt Lick
- Family style, all-you-can-eat BBQ includes heaping helpings of beef, sausage, and pork ribs, served with potato salad, coleslaw, beans, bread, pickles, and onions
- Gratuity for your tour guide is not included and is appreciated if you enjoy the tour. $100-$140 for the tour is recommended, but is of course at your discretion
- Participants must be at least 21 years of age
Approximately 5-6 hours
Maximum Participants:
This is a private experience for your party of 2 or 4.
This experience is only for those on the tour.
Weather Dependent:
This experience is not weather dependent and is held rain or shine regardless of weather conditions. Please bring an umbrella during the winter months, just in case. Always contact your experience provider with any questions about weather conditions.
What to Wear:
Wear comfortable clothing appropriate for walking and weather conditions.
Booking Information:
For this experience, it is recommended to request bookings at least 1-2 months in advance.
Cancellation Policy:
Prior to scheduling/booking a date for this experience, Cloud 9's standard return and exchange policy shall apply. Once you have scheduled a date and received a booking confirmation, cancellations and rescheduling are allowed up to 1 week prior to the experience. Failure to appear on your booked date or to cancel and reschedule at least 1 week prior to your booked date will result in the loss of the value of your experience.
Experience ID:
Other Austin Gift Ideas:(View all 40 Austin experiences)
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"The Hill Country Wine Tour was amazing! My boyfriend got this adventure for me as a Christmas gift. We waited until the weather could be trusted to book this event and boy are we glad because the car may have been a little tough to enjoy had it been any hotter. Our driver, Bryan, was outstanding. He was charming and funny; he took excellent pictures of us and really helped with the flow of the adventure. He was truly wonderful. Our favorite vineyard was Solara, it was so nice to relax outside with the actual vines within arms reach. The wine was best at Driftwood Vineyard, their Viongeir is excellent and the bottle of Starry Night Spadkling Wine we bought will be cherished! Duchman was the most elegant of our stops and of course the Saltlick BBQ is always a favorite. As you can tell, this was really wonderful. I'll definitely trust cloud9living.com in the future! "
"1937 Cadilac very uncomfortable and full of exhaust fumes the whole trip."
"We had a fantastic experience! We enjoy all our Cloud 9 Living experiences!"


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DARPA's Dugan Talks Hypersonics and Encryption
Regina Dugan, director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, gave a peek inside the top-secret organization on Wednesday at the D9: All Things Digital Conference — but only a small peek.
DARPA, founded in the late 1950s, commissions advanced research for the Department of Defense and is credited by some for helping to father the Internet along the way. Dugan said the organization's singular mission is "the prevention and creation of strategic surprise"–but declined to say what any of those surprises might have been. Dugan also declined to pull back the curtain on other classified areas, including whether or not DARPA had been involved or had knowledge of recent cybersecurity episodes and the like.


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The last offensive lineman to come out of Corvallis High, who chose to stay home and play for Oregon State, worked out pretty well for both parties. Isaac Seumalo went on to become an All Pac-12 level lineman and is now a Philadelphia Eagle. The class of 2018 boasts another linemen with similar measurable to Seumalo and college coaches are taking notice.
Marco Brewer is the latest star for the Spartans with aspirations to play collegiate football. Currently, he holds two offers from Nevada and Massachusetts but more appear to be on the horizon including Oregon State.
"Ball State is a school that is probably the closest to offering, they said if I were to take a visit out there they'd offer me. But I'm not sure if I will be able to do that," Brewer told BeaverBlitz. He went on talk about some of his spring plans, "I'm hearing from a lot of different Pac-12 schools right now. OSU, Arizona, Washington State, Washington, UCLA, USC and Oregon are all schools that I plan on visiting this spring."
Being a Corvallis kid, Brewer's access to the Oregon State program is as easy as driving across town. And he has taken advantage of that, whether it be attending home games, camps or anything else the football program puts on, Brewer has more than likely been in attendance. That face time appears to be paying off, as he has been able to develop a unique relationship with a number of coaches on staff.
"Oregon State is probably the program I'm in touch with the most. Coach Chad is like my best friend's dad so I know them really well. Then Coach Woods I've had a number of conversations with at camps and just around. I've been able to go to just about every home game over the past couple years. Coach Oglesby and Coach Cookus are always talking with me on Twitter. Coach Rushing came by the school a couple weeks ago and we spent some time talking then. So I've really gotten to get to know the coaching staff since they got here."
This upcoming weekend, Marco will be back on campus to take in the spring game and junior day. He talked a bit about what he's hoping to get out of his latest visit to see the Beavers' program.
"I hope to get a deeper understanding of what OSU is about. I don't have an offer from them yet, but I think it will come down the road. I really want to focus up on some of the details around the program to see if it's a place that I can envision being a part of for the next 4 or 5 years."
BeaverBlitz will be in touch with Marco Brewer following this weekend to get his thoughts on the festivities.


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Dieppa Restrepo Dandy
Dieppa Restrepo Dandy
Classic loafer shape in golden brown leather. Lined all-leather upper and cushioned insole. Natural tan leather sole and ¾" stacked heel with rubber heel plate. Handcrafted in Mexico. US sizing. Fits true.
Umeboshi (oo-meh-boh-shee) is a boutique located in the Mount Pleasant neighbourhood of Vancouver. Founded in 2005 by owner Stephanie Gorrell, Umeboshi has come to be known for quality goods, thoughtful customer service and a discerning selection of footwear and accessories. Focusing on independent & handcrafted wares, Umeboshi's ideals stem from the appreciation of beautiful & functional design, as well as a great respect for craftsmanship. Here each piece has a history to share, and it is our joy to muse on it with you.
Do you have questions about this product? We're here to help!


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By Murad Sezer, Associated Press Writer
ISTANBUL, Turkey A Turkish court on Thursday resumed the trial of dozens of people accused of attempting to overthrow Turkey's Islamic-oriented government.
The court took special measures in the case after the first hearing on Monday descended into chaos, with defendants, lawyers and spectators jamming the courtroom, hampering proceedings and forcing a delay.
Thursday's hearing was limited to the 46 defendants who are being held in custody, three lawyers each, a small number of spectators and local news agency reporters. A further 40 defendants are free and will be tried later.
The defendants -- including former army officers, a best-selling author, journalists, a former university dean and a lawyer -- are accused of belonging to a ultranationalist group that prosecutors say was trying to destabilize Turkey with a string of attacks ahead of a coup planned for 2009.
The defendants have denied the charges, arguing the trial is political and was instigated by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan's Islamic-rooted government to silence its secular critics.
The government says the trial is an opportunity to expose the influence of the "deep state," a shadowy network of alleged extremists with links to state institutions, including the military.
The case -- dubbed the "trial of the century" by the media in Turkey -- reflects a widening division between the country's growing Islamic class and secular foes, some of whom have turned to violence.
Human rights groups have welcomed the trial as an opportunity to unravel an illegal organization, strengthen democracy in Turkey and investigate possible involvement by people currently in office, including military and intelligence personnel.
But the investigation so far has not uncovered alleged involvement by active-duty military officers or other state officials, despite what many Turks believe is a long history of crime by elements of the Turkish state.
In his 2,455-page indictment, the prosecutor has accused the defendants of belonging to a network called Ergenekon and plotting to create an atmosphere of chaos that would spur a military coup, and in turn topple the Islamic-rooted government. Ergenekon is the name of a legendary valley in Central Asia believed to be the ancestral homeland of Turks.
Thursday's hearing at a prison complex in Istanbul's Silivri district on the coast of the Sea of Marmara, was largely procedural with court officials confirming the suspects' identities and accepting requests by a newspaper and a human rights activist to be parties to the trial.
Prosecutors say the defendants were behind attacks or attempted attacks on prominent Turks. These included the 2006 assault on Turkey's administrative court that killed a judge and on the pro-secular Cumhuriyet newspaper, allegedly carried out by secularists impersonating Islamists to stir opposition. The violence led to secular demonstrations against the government.
The indictment says the suspects planned to kill Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Nobel literature laureate Orhan Pamuk, prominent Kurdish politicians and the country's military chief to create an atmosphere of chaos.
Other charges leveled against the suspects include possessing explosives, obtaining classified documents and provoking military disobedience.
The case grew from an investigation last year into a cache of hand grenades that police seized during a raid on the home of one of the defendants -- a retired noncommissioned officer.
Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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WebGUI is a content management framework built to allow average business users to build and maintain complex Web sites. It is modular, pluggable, and platform independent. It was designed to allow the people who create the content to manage it online, rather than content management taking up the time of busy IT staff. WebGUI comes with a full host of features including shopping cart, subscriptions, forums, photo galleries, FAQs, link lists, blogs, SQL reports, a Web services interface, and a very configurable user privilege and profiling system.
OpenXAdES enables people to work with legally-binding digital signatures (primarily giving and verifying them). Legislation often defines a set of requirements that legal digital signature technologies and infrastructures must be compliant with, and OpenXAdES aims at meeting many, if not all, such requirements from different legislations.


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You are a fan of conceive asperger's ? Come to discover the best forums conceive asperger's on the internet and share your experience with a community fan of conceive asperger's . You can also build a forum conceive asperger's and create your online discussion.
Red Hawk Ranch is your spot for horse boarding, lessons, riding, training, and leasing. We also host Camp Onward, a program for teens with Asperger's syndrome.
hawk, ranch, spot, horse, boarding, lessons, riding, training, leasing, host, camp, onward, program, teens, #asperger's, syndrome
Free forum : A place to chat about ttc, pregnancy, babies, toddlers and anything else and just hide away from the real world
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Logistics/Material Analyst
THE LONDON TAXI COMPANY Do you want to be a key player in our continuing success story? If the answer is 'yes' then read on…. Logistics/Materials Analyst X2 Coventry £28,000 - £30,000 Given our ambitious and exciting growth plans for the future we are looking for an experienced Logistics/Materials Analyst to join our logistics team in supporting the Body Structures and Vehicle Assembly. The Role The ideal candidate will have experience in ensuring that the supply of materials meets the production schedule and minimum stock levels for operational and production continuity. They will also be able to deliver efficient, effective and flexible solutions to meet production requirements and maintain strong relationships both internally and externally. Key Role responsibilities Build up the Procurement Program by dividing and leveling piece procurements Follow up the Procurement Program realization by managing alert systems and follow the unloading, receipt and transportation of pieces. Follow supplier delivery performance and the service of logistics partners and propose appropriate improvement action plans. Achieve the transportation program on a monthly basis and the transportation scheme semi-annually. Direct packaging management. Ensure that logistics conventions comply with purchasing objectives and support conditions set by suppliers for procurement and packaging and by logistics partners for transport and services. Verify that Sales and Production Plan capacity requirements can be supported by suppliers and implement corrective actions when necessary. Making visits to Suppliers as required to obtain maximum effect on Suppliers performance, acting as a trouble-shooter and strengthening supplier and customer relationships. Setting and achieving targets to reduce inventory levels and achieve cost savings. Reporting any parts affected by Engineering changes ensuring that the Bill of Materials reflects the changes, using a high degree of accuracy in assessing introduction dates and run out stock, reporting any liability and raising stock disposal requests if necessary. Undertaking of special projects and covering for other functions as required by the Manager (ie Stores, Goods Receiving, Transport etc). Handling of confidential information (Suppliers details, prices, drawings, future facelifts) which requires integrity and discretion. Produce and design presentation documents, statistical reports, graphs, pie charts, etc. The Person Required Experience Commitment to work towards professional accreditation with an industry related body Previous experience of materials planning ideally in the automotive or manufacturing environment Good understanding of supply chain processes and their interdependencies Understanding of supplier relationships and some experience of working with suppliers Strong IT systems knowledge and skills including advanced Excel skills Knowledge and experience of using MRP (Material Requirements Planning) systems or similar Knowledge of lean techniques may be advantageous Self-Management Adhere to any health, safety and environmental policies / procedures to ensure the safety & wellbeing of self, staff and visitors Assertive, optimistic, resilient and change facilitator Engages interest and participation of others Proactively contributes to the team Is self-aware and has a collaborative approach to working with others Shows moral courage, openness and honesty in all dealings Able to work in a fast paced environment with a self motivated attitude Skills and Attributes: Good communicator with the ability to form and maintain good relationships internally and externally Strong interpersonal, negotiation and influencing skills Commercial and financial Results orientated and organised with the ability to plan and deliver against deadlines Strong analytical, planning and problem solving skills Project management skills Attention to detail Education and Training The ideal candidate will have/be: A business/engineering degree preferred. A Levels, HNC, BTec National Diploma Level 3, IVQ Technician Diploma or equivalent NVQ level 3 qualification. Import & Export knowledge would be an advantage Other Information Due to the nature of this role, a full UK driving license is required The London Taxi Company is the manufacturer of the iconic London Black Cab which is utilised in over 40 major cities worldwide. We are investing £300m in a brand new range extended zero emission capable electric hybrid to be built in a brand new factory in Coventry. The London Taxi Company is owned by Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, a Fortune Global 500 Company with operating revenue of $26billion. When registering to Totaljobs please continue and complete our online application form. Your CV May not be reviewed unless you have completed the online form. This job was originally posted as www.totaljobs.com/job/66862583


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February 10, 2010 BY John Kim
The Nike Destroyers pack typically consists of the Nike Dunk High, like last year's trio of the Dunk High that included three gradient colourways of the Dunk. The Nike Air Force 1 managed to get on the guest list as we saw a Destroyer Air Force 1 Mid drop alongside two Dunks in last year's collection. This year, the AF1 reaches higher, literally, in the Nike Air Force 1 High Tokyo Destroyer that we previewed just a few days ago. Resembling the recently released Workboot Air Force 1, this new pair of Destroyers is all-black with Tokyo Destroyer branding on the heel and lace dubrae, and in big letters across the back of the letterman jacket. Check out the new images and stay tuned to Sneaker News for release info. via verbal.
Filed under: Collaboration Nike Air Force 1s Upcoming Sneakers


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What is an ocean trench?
Why are contrastive plate margins given that name?
Why are destructive plate margins given that name?
What happens at a collision plate margin?
What occurs at a conservative plate margin and why?
What is the ring of fire?
Name the structure of the earth (start from the middle(
Name two types of crust?
Name two differences between oceanic and continental crust?
What are tectonic plates?
What causes plates to move?
What are plates made up of?
Name the 4 different types of plate margins?
What happens at a destructive plate margin?
Created by taylor2em about 4 years ago


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Ichiro (Inatori) Yamada
Ichiro (Inatori) Yamada
Laura's teacher. A young and enthusiastic teacher, who is very good at his job. Outside of his job, he is more wimpy and has a morbid fear of chickens. However, he has conquered his fear several times to win the heart of Charlotte Rooster. He is now married to her, and they even have a child (in the Japanese version), whom the Ham-Hams often try to protect.
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|"Filipe Manana (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Closed: (COUCHDB-897) Couchdb crashes on Windows when a database file exceeds 4 GB
|Sun, 21 Nov 2010 19:41:14 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/COUCHDB-897?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ] Filipe Manana closed COUCHDB-897. --------------------------------- Resolution: Fixed This is a Windows Erlang OTP bug. A fix (patch) for this issue was already submitted to the Erlang OTP team by Juhani Ränkimies: See this thread: http://erlang.2086793.n4.nabble.com/Fix-appending-to-large-files-gt-4GB-on-Windows-td2829384.html You might want to grab a Windows installer maintained by Juhani: > Couchdb crashes on Windows when a database file exceeds 4 GB > ------------------------------------------------------------ > > Key: COUCHDB-897 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/COUCHDB-897 > Project: CouchDB > Issue Type: Bug > Affects Versions: 1.0.1 > Environment: Windows > Reporter: Peter Somers > > .couch database files can't grow bigger than 4GB on Windows. > Version 0.11.0 didn't have this issue. > This issue has been reported by several users on the mailing list (subject Recap: Couchdb crashes on Windows). -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - You can reply to this email to add a comment to the issue online.
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Name: Christmas Tree Inflatable
Size: 10mH
Size: 33ftH
Have you got your idea for the Christmas decoration this year? Not yet? Then try friendly inflatable tree the next time. Christmas tree inflatable is a new friendly choice for all of us. You can decorate your yard by this inflatable Christmas tree and add some small gifts around. Easy to blow it up with just a mini air blower sent together. Inquire for more details if you want to give a try on the inflatable trees.


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We stayed here 3 nights in the Honeymoon Suite which faces the ocean and we couldn't have picked a better place in Santa Teresa.
Basic information:
• The grounds are immaculate and beautiful.
• We had a big porch out front with two chairs, a picnic table and hammock.
• The kitchen area had a stove, full size refrigerator and utensils w/a table that sat 4.
• The seating area had a large sofa, chair and satellite tv
• We had a four poster bed with canopy.
• There is plenty of closet space.
• We found that in many areas of Costa Rica you cannot flush your toilet paper down the toilet but they have a tight-fitting trash can next to the toilet to put it in. It seems strange at first but I quickly got used to it.
• Breakfast is from 8-10 and they have fresh fruit (mangos, papaya, pineapple, cantaloupe, watermelon – all very ripe and delicious), eggs made to order, chocolate waffles one morning, cinnamon bread another, juice and coffee. It's served at the covered pool area with picnic tables to sit at. It's very pleasant and Krissy was very friendly and great to have a conversation with.
• On the grounds is a nice swimming pool, and if you have kids, a small playground. It's very private and fairly quiet.
• The pathways are gravel or sand with lots of trees and plants around.
• The beach was steps from our door
• We had good wi-fi connection the entire time.
• A large dispenser of bottled water with a tap for hot water was in our room.
• The water pressure in the shower is good.
• There is a foot faucet in the shower to wash your feet after you've been on the beach.
• They have a guard from 6pm-6am out front and a safe in your room that is large enough for any valuables including computers.
• Brad and Tara are wonderful hosts. Tara helped us with dinner suggestions and reservations as well as directions. She also made reservations for our zipline tour and put it on our credit card. She is great with suggestions if you tell her what you're looking for. She never steered us wrong.
• Everyone here was exceptionally friendly, from Brad and Tara (and their children) to the men raking the grounds every day.
• We did not have cell service here. But, you only need to go into town a little ways and you're good to go.
• The a/c when it comes on was very loud in our room and will wake you up at night, so I suggest earplugs. But take them out as soon as you wake up so you can hear the sound of the howler monkeys and birds (and a rooster) just outside your door!
It's obvious Brad and Tara take pride in the place. I would highly recommend staying here.
A side note: We rented a car to get around this part of Costa Rica. Some people have 4-wheelers (but at this time of year it's VERY dusty on the dirt roads – we were glad we opted for the car.) We are a little ways from the town area but there are a few restaurants you could walk to. The rest you can take a taxi to if you have no other transportation. We found that a car was nice since we were driving into Montezuma. Roads in this area are mostly NOT paved. They are dirt with lots of potholes – you can't drive but 15-20 mph max most of the time so you don't get anywhere fast.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The distinctive beachfront hotel, Villas Hermosas, is located in Playa Hermosa of Mal Pais on the Pacific Ocean in Costa Rica. Please come and share with them their playful surf, thriving jungle, empty beaches, tropical gardens, and inviting swimming pool, while enjoying all the comforts of home! With only four villas, they offer a uniquely intimate experience. ... more less
- Also Known As:
- Villas Hermosas Hotel Santa Teresa
- Hermosas Hotel Santa Teresa
- Villas Hermosas Costa Rica/Santa Teresa


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Melbourne: Australian Open officials say they are willing to review their Extreme Heat Policy after some players said scorching temperatures in Melbourne this week were too hot to play in. Top-seeded Maria Sharapova said she was delusional during her three-hour first round match on Tuesday, which continued despite competition on all outside courts being postponed as the temperature soared to more than 40 degree celcius. The rules require matches that have already started when the heat policy is invoked to continue, while new matches are postponed until the mercury falls below a threshold determined by ambient temperature and humidity. Two players retired from their matches because of the heat on Tuesday, and while some said the rules should be changed, others said high temperatures gave them an advantage. Officials say the policy was introduced in 1998 after consultations with players, and that referees retain the right to stop matches if they think a player's health is threatened for whatever reason, including heat. Australian Open tournament director Craig Tiley said organizers were willing to consider changing the policy if that's what players wanted. "This is something we will review, no question," Tiley said. "We will listen to the players and we have to look at the best way to protect our players."
Topics : Tennis
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Prices, promotions, styles, and availability may vary. Our local stores do not honor online pricing. Prices and availability of products and services are subject to change without notice. Errors will be corrected where discovered, and Lowe's reserves the right to revoke any stated offer and to correct any errors, inaccuracies or omissions including after an order has been submitted.
Installing a flush-mounted floor register is not as difficult as you might think. This project only takes a few common household tools, such as a power drill and a hammer. Installing the register before the installation of your new 3/4-inch wood flooring generally takes less than 15 minutes.
Use this checklist when you go to the store and purchase your items.
If you are replacing an existing floor register, be sure to choose a new one that fits your existing duct opening. Simply measure the width and length of the duct opening to determine the correct size to purchase.
Position the flush mount frame over the duct opening, allowing even spacing on all four sides.
Drill a 5/64-inch pilot hole inside the recessed area of the frame at an angle down into the subfloor.
Carefully making sure that the frame has not shifted, use a #6 finishing nail to attach the one corner to the subfloor. Use a nail set to drive the finishing nail into the recessed wood in order not to damage the frame with the hammer.
Repeat step 3 so that you have 2 nails per side inside the frame, securing the register to the subfloor.
Cut and fit your 3/4-inch wood flooring flush to all sides of the frame.
Insert vent cover into the frame.


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Now y'all know I'm not one to do a bunch of crazy designs on my nails. I neither have the patience, time or uh…patience. Yeah. But simple looks like dots? Well, even I can do that. A dotting tool costs just a few bucks and as long as you've got some nice and opaque polishes, practically anyone (even the clumsy… Read More
Amor de Lacquer: China Glaze Holiday Joy collection, part II
'ellllooooo. We're back with part II of the gorgeous China Glaze Holiday Joy collection. If you missed it, check out part I here. This half of the collection has quite a few surprises. And you know what the means…glittahhhhh!!! See! Champagne Kisses is a bubbly rose gold glitter with a teeny bit of holographic shimmer. I didn't expect this to… Read More
Amor de Lacquer: China Glaze Holiday Joy collection, part I
Dang. How is it already the holiday season? Yes. My mind is indeed blown. I'm not complaining though. I am a huge lover of Christmas-EVERYTHING. And I know that's not everyone's shtick but I am will totally be that old lady that wears knitted Christmas sweaters. Without shame. Yep. What better way to ring in the season than with some… Read More
Amor de Lacquer: OPI Skyfall collection for Holiday 2012, part II
I'm back with round II of the gorgeous Skyfall collection. The first 6 were the red, orange and purple kids of the bunch. This time I'm showcasing the darker shades and the shades with texture. Woot! See what I mean? GoldenEye is a glorious gold and it is by far one of the most beautiful golds I have ever seen…. Read More
Amor de Lacquer: OPI Skyfall collection for Holiday 2012, part I
Soooo, OPI recently launched a James Bond holiday collection. Bond 007 officially turned 50 this year and so what better way to celebrate than with a collection? I'm pretty lame for not knowing much about the flicks but when I told Esposo about this collection, he got all interested. Mind you, my husband has NEVER been interested about any of… Read More
Pretty Polishes: More Essence Colour & Go polishes
I'm back with more Essence polishes to show off. Since their epic packaging revamp, trying to find these polishes in Ulta stores has been virtually impossible. In fact, when I went looking for them, I only saw TWO of them available. Of course you can still purchase them online but *sigh* who prefers online shopping over actually getting a product… Read More
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