text:
by Jay
(Stanford, California, USA)
I am experimenting with perennial and annual ecosystem gardening using moss as a weed inhibitor. The idea is that I grow clover anywhere that is far enough away from plants to fix nitrogen, and then close to the plants I grow moss as moss has little to no root structure it shouldn't prevent the vegetables from growing big and strong, and it seems that the moss is easy to remove as it doesn't seem to grow very strong in this sunny location and it comes out in mats.
So my question is weather or not there would be any problem in regards to the plants and especially the vegetables. Could moss be poisonous, and could water passing through the moss leach into the root systems of the plants and put a chemical in the vegetables that would be bad for us to eat?
In other words is there any reason not to experiment with using moss as a weed inhibitor in my garden?
Comments for Moss - Growing moss in the vegetable garden as a weed inhibitor. Could this be a problem?
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While we are still studying the details of the Supreme Court's decision in King v. Burwell, we're excited that the Court has upheld the Affordable Care Act. As Catholics, we know that every person has a God-given right to quality, affordable health care. This law--though imperfect--is built on this same ideal. We remain committed to implementing and improving this health care law to ensure that every person living in the United States receives this basic human right.Liquid syntax error: Error in tag 'subpage' - No such page slug press_release_signup
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First Tutors: Music helps you to locate a flugel horn teacher in Midlothian and across the UK. First Tutors: Music profiles Midlothian flugel horn tutors and others offering popular instruments like piano, violin and guitar. Grade and diploma flugel horn lessons are all catered for across Midlothian as well as flugel horn lessons just for fun. Please use our site to search for flugel horn tutors near you and select which flugel horn tutors best suit your requirements.
First Tutors: Music is the best place to search for the most suitable flugel horn teacher for your needs in Midlothian, whether you want flugel horn tuition to learn a new instrument, develop a hobby or train as a musician.
We order flugel horn tutors throughout Midlothian according to their cost and distance from you. Instruments include, but are not limited to, piano, violin and guitar for graded music exams or just for fun.
If you are a Midlothian flugel horn teacher wishing to offer your flugel horn lessons in Midlothian or anywhere else across the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music to commence giving flugel horn tuition or find out more about us here.
Towns: Bonnyrigg, Dalkeith, Gorebridge, Lasswade, Loanhead, Musselburgh, Penicuik, Rosewell, Roslin


text: I was reviewing a rejected email, and compared the email address against the user's profile. The email addresses didn't match. The particular "watched thread" is a bit old. Started when the site was vb3x. There was an added post today and the watched-notification was sent to an old email address that was no longer in the respective user's profile. I thought to ask if the user was forwarding his gmail to another invalid email address, but thought I'd check here first to see if there is something else I should check.


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We help you find a Ilford bass guitar tutor. Bass Guitar lessons are a great way to start a stimulating new hobby, pick up a new talent and gain confidence with bass guitar. Try our service to search for Ilford bass guitar tutors and select which suits your requirements so you can enjoy your bass guitar lessons in Ilford today!
First Tutors: Music is the only place to locate Ilford bass guitar teachers in the UK, helping you find Ilford bass guitar tuition in your area and Ilford teachers to help with any instrument, for example, piano, violin or guitar. We can help you find Ilford bass guitar lessons or a one-to-one Ilford bass guitar teacher to prepare for bass guitar exams and develop your bass guitar skills! Our search will order Ilford bass guitar teachers in your area by their lesson charges and distance from you.
If you are a bass guitar teacher and would like to offer your bass guitar tuition services in Ilford or throughout the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music or find out more about us here. Becoming a Ilford bass guitar tutor is a great way to re-affirm your own skills through providing bass guitar tuition while assisting someone else, all in the Ilford area!


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How Christmas Parties Can Take Your Career Into The New Year by Leslie Juvin-Acker (read it on Malakye.com)
Why Read It? Because company Christmas parties can be filled with negativity, but not if you approach them with a positive mindset.
"While everyone is distracted in the little dramas and petty affairs, get a bigger picture of what's happening in your industry and company and use the opportunity to grow in your favor."
Say Yes To All Those Holiday Parties - It Will Be Good For Your Career
(read it on forbes.com)
6 Tips for a Fun, Affordable Holiday Party
(read it on entrepreneur.com)


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1 Min Read
NEW YORK (Hollywood Reporter) - With a little help from Tina Fey doubling as Sarah Palin and from guest host Michael Phelps, "Saturday Night Live" logged its best season premiere since 2001.
It was also the most-watched "SNL" for any date since December 17, 2002, when former vice president Al Gore was the guest host and jam band Phish was the musical guest.
"SNL" averaged a 7.4 household rating/18 share in the top 55 "metered" markets, Nielsen Media Research said Sunday. Saturday's program was up 64 percent compared to last year's season premiere on September 29. The top market was Baltimore, the hometown of Olympics hero Phelps.
Final ratings will be out Thursday.
Reuters/Hollywood Reporter


text: Return to iHave My Principals Principal Franklin on iCarly wishing his daughter a Happy BirthdayCarly and Freddie in uniform.Freddie is scared of the wrath of Co-Prinicpals Howard and Briggs."Freddie's got ya."Add a photo to this gallery Retrieved from "http://icarly.wikia.com/wiki/Gallery:iHave_My_Principals?oldid=763658" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Episode Galleries Season 3 Images Photos


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Totally Amateur 11Favorites [+]
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When you purchase DRM-free downloadable content, that content is available for you to download on any computer and save to a disk whenever you like. You can also download to multiple computers. There is no timeframe associated with your purchase and the content will not expire.
Running Time: 114 minutes
Studio Name: OGV
Series: Totally Amateur
Description: These sexy amateur milfs are prepared to go the whole way. They aren't in this "Best Of" edition for the money, they are just dirty cock hungry sluts!!
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text: Doctorate The PhD degree programs at the College of Engineering are research-focused, with an emphasis on an individually-defined area of concentration. As a prospective student, we encourage you to review the areas of research and the associated faculty labs to obtain a comprehensive perspective on current and future research opportunities. Graduate Student Fellowships are available for students. For information, please click here. Architectural Engineering PhD in Architectural Engineering Chemical and Biological Engineering PhD in Chemical Engineering Civil Engineering Ph.D. in Civil Engineering Computer Engineering PhD in Computer Engineering Electrical Engineering PhD in Electrical Engineering Environmental Engineering PhD in Environmental Engineering Materials Science and Engineering PhD in Materials Science and Engineering Mechanical Engineering PhD in Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Project Management PhD in Project Management


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To see more pictures and video of the Nike Lunar Flyknit Chukka along with exclusive discount coupon codes click the link above.
Nike Lunar Flyknit Chukka Video Review
4 Comments
Josh, I wear a size 11 us Adidas Predator Instinct, what size should I get these in?
Hi Josh.
I wanted to ask if these would be o.k. against playing soccer.
I'm not talking about soccer match or playing in game, but just some freekicks, dribbling practices or things like street soccer.
Like, how good is the durability? Sonce it's flyknit, I'm just kinda worried.


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Generally, a rollover is a tax-free distribution to the taxpayer from one retirement account (traditional IRA or employer's pension plan) that rolls over into a similar retirement account within 60 days.
Form 1099-R will be issued to the taxpayer by the financial institution. If it was a direct rollover by the institution to another institution, box 7 will contain code G. If there is no code G, ask the taxpayer if the full amount was redeposited into an appropriate account within 60 days. If it was not, the distribution may be partially or fully taxable; refer the taxpayer to a professional tax preparer.
Starting in 2015, there is a limit of one IRA rollover per year. This does not affect the ability of an IRA owner to transfer funds from one IRA trustee directly to another because such a transfer is not a rollover.


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Please note, schedule is subject to change without notice.
Our Mission to You
We will focus on providing programs for individuals of all ages and backgrounds. We will strive to enhance the skills and knowledge needed for development in ice & turf sports by offering trained professionals who specialize in these fields. We will also offer public usage of our facility through private rentals, special functions and public sessions.
It is our mission to provide guests with necessary tools required for success in both ice & turf sports offered at Cool Sports, while providing a fun & safe atmosphere for everyone to enjoy.
Cancellations and Updates
Public Skate Session Added: Friday Night Public Skate, 730P - 9P starts July 7.
Stick & Puck Sessions Added: Saturdays 1210P - 110P starting June 24 through Aug 12. Please pay at concessions before going to locker room.
Public Skating Info
Check our Ice Schedule (link is above in orange banner, they are colored coded differently so they stick out) for Daily Public Session Times!
Weekday Day Rate (11:30A - 1P) - $7, includes Skate Rental. $5 with out Skate Rental. Sorry, due to already discounted prices, Coupon/Discounts are not accepted during this Daytime Session.
All Other Sessions:
Admission - $7
Skate Rental - $3
4 and Under - $4, includes skate rental
Skate Aids - $5, limited supply
Schedule is subject to change without notice, please check the website or call our front desk to confirm (865/218.4500).
Group Rates (does not include skate rental)
10 - 24 skaters $6/person
25 - 49 skaters $5/person
50+ skaters $4/person, should call in advance
Figure Skating News
Learn to Skate USA
Cool Sports offers a wide range of group ice skating classes in the Learn to Skate USA program. Beginner skaters (ages 3 - adult), intermediate skaters and even advanced skaters can enroll in a program that includes EVERYTHING you need to enjoy the sport of skating. Contact our skating department at firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.
Hockey News
Hockey hopefuls have numerous beginner hockey options, such as Hockey 101 and the Little Preds program. To learn more about beginner hockey for ages 4 - 10 contact KJ Voorhees at email@example.com or 865/218.4500 ext 223.
Pro Shop Hours:
Sunday 2 pm - 8:30 pm
Monday 5:30 pm - 9:30 pm
Tuesday 5:30 pm - 9:30 pm
Wednesday 5:30 pm - 9:30 pm
Thursday 5:30 pm - 9:30 pm
Friday - Closed
Saturday - 9 am - 4 pm
Soccer News
Soccer Tots: Ages 2.5-4
September 21-October 19, 2017
$55.00 for 5 weeks
Registration ends September 9, 2017
Youth Rec Program: Ages 3-10
Fall : August 28-October 19, 2017
80.00 for 8 weeks
Registration ends: August 19, 2017
Adult Coed 30+ Soccer: Tuesday Evenings
New session starting August 29, 2017
Registration deadline: August 22, 2017
$500.00 per team
Adult coed Open Soccer: Thursday Evenings
New session starting September 14 , 2017
Registration Deadline: September 7, 2017
$500.00 per team
Adult Coed 30+B Soccer: Friday Evenings
New session starting September 8, 2017
Registration Deadline: September 1, 2017
$500.00 per team
Pick Up Soccer Wednesday evenings
Postponed till September
For more info contact Joanna Steinmetz at firstname.lastname@example.com


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out and about
Definition of out and about
: going to different places She is always out and about, doing one thing or another.
Word by Word Definitions
: in a direction away from the inside or center
: outside
: from among others
: eject, oust
: to identify publicly as being such secretly
: to identify as being a closet homosexual
: used as a function word to indicate an outward movement
: situated outside : external
: out-of-bounds
: situated at a distance : outlying
: outside
: one who is out of office or power or on the outside
: an act or instance of putting a player out or of being put out in baseball
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up out and about? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
Both countries were Allies against the Central Powers.
The US helped Britain, not the other way around. The UK was bogged down in a continental war that was stuck in stalemate, and after a submarine blockade sinking US freight ships combined with the allies' inability to pay for 'lend lease' military goods became impossible to ignore, Woodrow Wilson decided to enter the war on the side of the UK.


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Howard, hot shooting lift Magic past BobcatsDec 15, 2007 - 6:03 AM By Derek Smith PA SportsTicker Contributing Writer
CHARLOTTE, North Carolina (Ticker) -- Dwight Howard scored 33 points and added 18 rebounds and four blocks as the Orlando Magic snapped a three-game slide with a 103-87 victory over the Charlotte Bobcats on Friday night.
Howard and company outscored the Bobcats, 61-36, in the second half en route to the victory.
"Coach (Stan) Van Gundy was really mad at our effort (in the first half)," Howard said. "He really got on us, but he was right with everything he said. We have to consistently play with a lot of energy because we have a target on our back."
Trailing, 57-45, after a 3-pointer by Charlotte's Jason Richardson, Orlando made its next nine shots and went on a 20-4 run. Jameer Nelson's 3-pointer with 7:50 left pulled Orlando within four at 57-53, but Raymond Felton calmly sank a jumper to extend Charlotte's lead back to six.
Hedo Turkoglu found Howard open underneath for an easy dunk to knot the score at 59-59, and Nelson's jumper at the 5:15 mark of the third gave Orlando its first lead since 3:18 in the second quarter.
"We did a good job of finding the open guys in the second half," Turkoglu said. "They found me open and kept giving it to me."
Matt Carroll tied the score at 61-61, but a hook shot by Howard put Orlando ahead to stay. Keyon Dooling capped the run with a layup to put the Magic up 65-61.
Orlando pushed its lead to eight points, 72-64, after three periods and made 12-of-16 shots in the third while holding Charlotte to just 5-of-19 shooting.
"We let our offense dictate how we played in the first half," Nelson said. "And we can't do that. We need to have more of a defensive mindset and let our defense create our offense for us."
Richardson got the Bobcats to within seven with a shot from the arc, but the Magic continued their hot shooting and quickly pushed the lead to 13 points, 82-69, on a driving layup by Dooling with 8:11 left in the game.
It was also a battle in the paint between the first two picks of the 2004 draft. Top pick Howard clearly outplayed No. 2 selection Emeka Okafor, who scored 16 points and grabbed 12 rebounds for the Bobcats.
"The one and two thing," Howard said. "That rivalry is over. We just want to go out and there and win for our team. We get a little fired up to go up against each other, but the main thing is trying to help our team win."
The duo are two of just four players in the league averaging a double-double as well as at least 2.0 blocks.
The Bobcats shot 60 percent (12-of-20) from the floor in the second quarter and took a 51-42 lead into halftime. They went on a 14-4 run to end the half with Richardson and Felton each scoring five points during the spurt, and Gerald Wallace and Othella Harrington contributing the other two baskets.
"I thought for the first half we really played well," Charlotte coach Sam Vincent said. "But the Magic just caught up with us in the second half. We really missed having another big body tonight."
Charlotte had just players in uniform after starting center Primoz Brezec and reserve forward Walter Herrmann were traded to the Detroit Pistons for Nazr Mohammed in the hours leading up to the game.
The Bobcats were already without forwards Adam Morrison and Sean May due to season-ending knee surgeries for both players.
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rootsSuketoKetchi Added 5 roots
Magic vs. HornetsDec 15 12:10 AM
Dec 14 10:36 PM
Dec 14 9:55 PM
Dec 14 9:08 PM
Dec 14 8:31 PM
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rootsswarof Added 5 roots
Magic vs. HornetsDec 13 8:05 PM
Related News
- Magic formally introduce Frank Vogel as their new coach May 23
- Magic officially announce Frank Vogel as new head coach May 20
- AP Source: Orlando Magic hire Frank Vogel as next coach May 19
- Thursday's Sports in Brief May 13
- How many times has your team changed coaches in the Pop era? May 12
- Scott Skiles resigns as coach of Magic after just 1 season May 12
- BC-AP Sports Preview Digest May 12
- Hornets PG Kemba Walker has another surgery on left knee May 9
- Hornets future unclear with 4 starters becoming free agents May 2
- NBA Playoff Capsules May 1
- Heat roll past Hornets in Game 7, 106-73 May 1
- Hornets-Heat Preview Apr 30


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 29, 2003
|Filing date
|Nov 16, 2001
|Priority date
|Oct 5, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Geoff Wotton, Angela Chen
|Original Assignee
|Hewlett-Packard Development Co., L.P.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (34), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (18), Classifications (11), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a divisional of copending application Ser. No. 09/412,842 filed on Oct. 5, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,336,722 which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
This invention relates to the heating of print media that is advanced through an ink-jet printer.
An ink-jet printer includes at least one print cartridge that contains liquid ink within a reservoir. The reservoir is connected to a print head that is mounted to the body of the cartridge. The print head is controlled for ejecting minute droplets of ink from the print head to a print medium, such as paper, that is advanced through the printer.
Many ink-jet printers include a carriage for holding the print cartridge. The carriage is scanned across the width of the paper, and the ejection of the droplets onto the paper is controlled to form a swath of an image with each scan. Between carriage scans, the paper is advanced so that the next swath of the image may be printed.
Oftentimes, especially for color images, the carriage is scanned more than once across the same swath. With each such scan, a different combination of colors or droplet patterns may be printed until the complete swath of the image is formed. One reason for this multi-scan print mode is to enable the ink of one color to dry on the media before printing a second color pattern that abuts the first pattern. This print mode thus prevents color bleeding that might otherwise occur if two abutting, different-colored droplets were printed at the same time.
The speed with which the print media is moved through a printer is an important design consideration, called "throughput." Throughput is usually measured in the number of sheets of print media moved through the printer each minute. A high throughput is desirable. A printer designer, however, may not merely increase throughput without considering the effect of the increase on other print quality factors.
For instance, one important factor affecting the print quality of ink-jet printers is drying time. The print media movement must be controlled to ensure that the liquid ink dries properly once printed. If, for example, sheets of printed media are allowed to contact one another before ink is adequately dried, smearing can occur as a result of that contact. Thus, the throughput of a printer may be limited to avoid contact until the sheets are sufficiently dry. This potential for smearing is present irrespective of whether ink is applied by a scanning technique as discussed above or by other methods, such as stationary print head arrangements that effectively cover an entire width of the print media.
Scanning type ink-jet printers must have their throughput controlled so that separate scans of the carriage are spaced in time by an amount sufficient to ensure that no color bleeding occurs as mentioned above.
In addition to throughput, an ink-jet printer designer must be concerned with the problem of cockle. Cockle is the term used to designate the uncontrolled, localized warping of absorbent print media (such as paper) that occurs as the liquid ink saturates the fibers of the paper, causing the fibers to swell. The uncontrolled warping causes the paper to move toward or away from the print head, changing both the distance and angle between the print head and the paper. These unpredictable variations in distance and angle reduce print quality. A predictable and constant distance and angle are desired to assure high print quality. Even if the occurrence of cockle does not affect this aspect of print quality, the resultant appearance of wrinkled print media is undesirable.
Heat may be applied to the print media in order to speed the drying time of the ink. Heat must be applied carefully, however, to avoid the introduction of other problems. For example, if the heat is not uniformly applied to the printed media, the resultant uneven drying time of a colored area of an image can produce undesirable variations in the color's hue characteristic.
Another problem attributable to improperly applied heat can be referred to as "buckling." Normally, print media carries at least some moisture with it. For example, a sealed ream of standard office paper comprises about four and one-half percent moisture. High amounts of moisture in the media, such as paper, may be present in humid environments. As heat is applied to part of the paper, uneven drying and shrinkage occurs. The uneven shrinkage causes the paper to buckle in places, which undesirably varies the distance between the paper and the print head, as occurs with the cockle problem mentioned above.
Some print media, such as polyester-based transparency print media, will carry insignificant amounts of water and, therefore, will not buckle as a result of uneven shrinkage. Such media, however, may buckle if all or portions of it are overheated. Thus, uniform, controlled heating of the media is important for high print quality, irrespective of the type of print media.
If heat is applied to the media, it is useful to have it applied in the print zone of the printer. The print zone is the space in the printer where the ink is moved from the print head to the print media. Thus, the media is moved through the print zone during a printing operation. Heating the media in the print zone rapidly drives off (evaporates) a good portion of the liquid component of the ink so that cockle is unable to form, or at least is minimized, and so that the time between successive scans of the same swath can be minimized.
When one attempts to heat the media in the print zone, it is important to ensure that the applied heat is not directed to the print head of the cartridge. If the print head overheats, droplet trajectory and other characteristics of the print head can change, which reduces print quality. Also, the heat should not be applied in a way (as by convection) that may directly alter the droplet trajectory. The heat should be applied in a cost-efficient manner.
Another printer design consideration involves the support of media in the printer for precise relative positioning and movement relative to the print head of the cartridge. Vacuum pressure may used to support print media for rapid advancement through the printer. One method of supporting a sheet of print media is to direct it against an outside surface of a moving carrier such as a perforated drum or porous belt. Vacuum pressure is applied to the interior of the carrier for holding the sheet against the moving carrier. The carrier is arranged to move the sheet through the print zone.
The vacuum pressure or suction (Here the term "vacuum" is used in the sense of a pressure less than ambient, although not an absolute vacuum.) must be applied at a level sufficient for ensuring that the sheet of print media remains in contact with the carrier. Moreover, a uniform application of vacuum pressure to the media will help to eliminate the occurrence of cockle in the sheet because the vacuum pressure helps overcome the tendency of the media fibers to warp away from the surface of the carrier that supports the media.
With the foregoing in mind, the present invention may be generally considered as a technique for heating print media in an ink-jet printer. As one aspect of this invention, heat is uniformly applied to the media in conjunction with mechanisms for uniformly applying vacuum pressure to the media for supporting the media as it moves through the printer.
The heat is efficiently applied to the media by conduction, in a manner that will not overheat the print cartridge print head nor interfere with the trajectory of the droplets expelled from the print head. The hardware for applying the heat has high thermal transfer efficiency and low thermal mass. As a result, there is less likelihood of overheating the print cartridge or other printer components through heat radiation from the heating components after the paper is moved from the print zone.
In a preferred embodiment, the heat is applied to the media in the print zone as well as regions on either side of the print zone, where the media respectively enters and exits the print zone. The entry region is sized and heated by an amount that ensures that media is sufficiently dry before entering the print zone so that shrinkage and buckling does not occur in the print zone, thus ensuring that a constant distance and angle is maintained between the media and the print head.
The amount of heat applied to each of the entry and exit regions and to the print zone is independently controlled. The amount of heat applied can be related to the physical characteristics of the particular type of print media or inks that are used. Also, the thermal transfer efficiency of the heater mechanisms provides a quick temperature rise time so that the paper can be heated quickly, thus permitting high throughput.
Other advantages and features of the present invention will become clear upon review of the following portions of this specification and the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the primary components of an ink-jet printer that may be adapted for conductive heating of print media in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention, including mechanisms for heating and supporting print media in an ink-jet printer.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged detail view of a portion of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of mechanisms for supporting and heating the print media in the printer.
FIG. 5 is a section view taken along line 5—5 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a cross section view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing heaters and rollers for respectively heating and facilitating movement of the print media.
FIG. 9 is a detail view of a portion of a roller that is part of the embodiment of FIG. 8.
The diagram of FIG. 1 shows an ink-jet print cartridge 20, which may be mounted to a printer by conventional means such as a movable carriage assembly (not shown). For illustrative purposes, only one cartridge is shown in the figures, although it is contemplated that more than one cartridge may be employed. For instance, some color printers use four cartridges at a time, each cartridge carrying a particular color of ink, such as black, cyan, yellow, and magenta. In the present description, the term "cartridge" is intended to mean any such device for storing liquid ink and for printing droplets of the ink to media. Preferred cartridges are available from Hewlett Packard Co. of Palo Alto, Calif., http://www.hp.com. The cartridges may be connected to remote sources of ink that supplement the ink supply that is stored in each cartridge.
The carriage assembly supports the cartridge 20 above print media, such as a sheet of paper 22. A print head 24 is attached to the underside of the cartridge. The print head 24 is a planar member and has an array of nozzles through which the ink droplets are ejected. The cartridge 20 is supported so that the print head is precisely maintained at a desired spacing from the paper 22, such as, for example, between 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm from the paper. Also, the array of nozzles in the print head is maintained in substantially parallel relationship with the portion of the paper 22 underlying the print head.
The paper 22 is advanced though the printer, and the cartridge print head 24 is controlled to expel ink droplets to form an image on the paper. In the vicinity of the cartridge 20, the paper 22 is supported on a support surface of a moving carrier 26, such as a drum or conveyor belt. A flat carrier is shown in FIG. 1. A drum-type carrier would, of course, appear curved. The carrier 26 moves the paper 22 through the printer's print zone 28. As noted above, the print zone 28 is the space in the printer where the ink is moved from the print head 24 to the paper 22. Two imaginary boundaries of the print zone 28 are shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1.
For the purposes of this description, one can consider the space that is adjacent to the print zone (to the left in FIG. 1) as an entry zone 30 through which the paper 22 is conveyed before entering the print zone 28. The space that is on the opposite side of the print zone is the exit zone 32, through which the paper is conveyed as it passes out of the print zone 28 on its way to a collection tray or the like.
In accordance with the present invention there is hereafter described a technique for heating the paper 22 as it is moved through the printer. Heat is uniformly applied to the paper in conjunction with mechanisms for uniformly applying vacuum pressure to the paper (or any other media) to support the paper as it moves through the printer.
Preferably, the heat is applied to the paper 22 while the paper is in the print zone 28. Also provided are mechanisms for heating the paper as it moves through the entry zone 28 and the exit zone 32.
With particular reference to FIGS. 2-4, a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a media handling system 40 for heating and supporting the media in an ink-jet printer. The system includes a platen 42 that generally provides support for media, such as paper sheets 22, that are directed through the print zone of the printer.
The platen 42 is a rigid member, formed of a heat conductive material such as stainless steel. In this embodiment, vacuum pressure is employed for drawing the paper against the platen to support the paper as it is advanced through the printer. Thus, the platen 42 has ports 44 formed through it. The platen 42 also forms the top of a vacuum chamber or box 46 that is inside the printer.
The vacuum box 46 includes a body 49 to which the platen 42 is attached. The box 46 is thus enclosed but for the ports 44 in the platen 42 and a conduit 48 to a vacuum source 50. The vacuum source is controlled to reduce the pressure in the interior of the box 46 so that suction or vacuum pressure is generated at the ports 44.
The platen 42 has a planar support surface 52 (FIG. 3) that faces the print head 24. The ports 44 in the platen open to the support surface 52. As best shown in FIG. 4, the ports are preferably formed in uniform rows across the support surface. The ports 44 are sized and arranged to ensure that vacuum pressure is uniformly distributed over the platen surface 52. In a preferred embodiment, the ports are circular where they open to the surface 52. The circles are 3.0 mm in diameter and spaced apart by 6.0 mm to 6.25 mm. This arrangement of ports thereby provides a platen support surface having more than 33% of its area covered with vacuum ports. Of course, other port sizes and configurations can be used to arrive at an equivalent distribution of ports over the support surface of the platen.
The ports 44 of the platen communicate vacuum pressure to whatever is supported on the support surface. For instance, if the platen were part of a rotating drum or carousel, sheets of paper could be loaded directly onto the platen support surface 52 and moved by the rotating drum through the print zone 28 as the vacuum pressure secures the paper to the platen. The paper in such a system could be heated in accordance with the present invention as described below. A preferred embodiment of the invention, however, contemplates a stationary platen used in combination with a porous transport belt for moving the paper through the print zone as described next.
A suitable transport belt 60 is configured as an endless loop between a fixed drive roller 62 and tension roller 64 (FIG. 2). In the figures, the belt 60 is shown rotating clockwise, with a transport portion 66 of the belt (FIG. 3) sliding over the support surface 52 of the platen 42. The return portion of the belt 60 underlies the vacuum box 46. Paper 22 is directed onto the transport portion by conventional pick and feed roller mechanisms (not shown).
The belt 60 conducts heat to the paper 22 (or other type of print media) that is carried on its transport portion 66. Moreover, the belt permits a uniform communication of vacuum pressure to the underside of the paper 22. To this end, the belt is porous and made of heat conductive material.
In a preferred embodiment the belt is formed of a stainless steel alloy, commonly known as Invar, having a thickness of about 0.125 mm. The belt 60 has a width that is sufficient to cover all but the margins of the platen 42 (FIG. 4). The belt 60 is heated by conduction. In one preferred embodiment, the conductive heating of the belt is accomplished by the use of heaters 70 that are attached to the support surface 52 of the platen 42 as best shown in FIG. 4.
The heaters 70 are comprised of an array of linear, resistive heating elements 72 (preferably, eight elements 72 for each heater 70). The heating elements 72 extend between the rows of vacuum ports 44 that are defined on the support surface 52 of the platen. At the edges of the support surface 52 the individual elements 72 are joined (as at reference numeral 74) and the termini of the heaters are enlarged into two contact pads 76 for connecting to a current source and ground as explained more below.
The heaters 70 are arranged so that one heater, a "print region heater," resides on the central portion of the platen 42 immediately underlying the print zone 28. As shown in FIG. 4, the region on the platen support surface underlying the print zone is designated with the reference number 128 and is hereafter referred to as the print region 128 of the platen. Thus, in addition to a uniform distribution of vacuum ports 44 in the print region 128, the platen is configured to have a uniform distribution of heating elements 72 for uniform application of heat to the paper 22. In particular, a heating element 72 is located to extend between each row of ports 44.
In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4, there are also two heaters 70 in the entry region 130 of the platen surface (that region corresponding to the above-described entry zone 30). These heaters will be referred to as the entry region heaters. Similarly, two "exit region heaters" are provided in the exit region 132 of the platen surface (the region corresponding to the above-described exit zone 32.) Thus, in this embodiment, twice as much platen support surface area is heated in the entry region 130 or exit region 132 as compared to print region 128.
The heaters 70 are of the thick-film type. The heaters include a ceramic base layer that is silk-screened onto the support surface 52 of the platen in the pattern depicted in FIG. 4. Resistive paste layers are then deposited between vitreous dielectric layers, which are dried and fired to produce an integrated heating element 72. The heating elements 72 are about 1.5 mm wide (as measured left to right in FIG. 3) and protrude slightly above the support surface 52 as shown (although exaggerated) in FIG. 3. In a preferred embodiment, the heating elements 72 protrude by about 0.05 to 0.10 mm above the support surface 52 of the platen 42.
The underside 61 of the transport belt 60 slides over the top surfaces of the heating elements 72 as the belt is driven to move paper 22 through the print zone. Preferably, the underside of the belt is thinly coated with a layer of low-friction material, such as Dupont's polytetrafluoroethylene sold under the trademark Teflon.
The protruding heating elements 72 are advantageously employed for distributing the vacuum pressure that is communicated to the belt 60 via the ports 44 in the platen. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the space between adjacent heating elements 72 and between the belt 60 and support surface 52 of the platen defines an elongated channel 45 that is continuous with the each port in a row of ports 44. Thus, each channel 45 distributes vacuum pressure across the entire width of the porous belt 60.
As depicted in FIG. 5, the contact pads 76 of each heater 70 are connected, as by leads 78, to a heater controller 80. In a preferred embodiment, the heater controller 80 is connected to at least three temperature sensors 82 (only one of which appears in FIG. 5). One sensor is attached to the undersurface 84 of the platen, centered in the print region 128 and between a row of ports. The other two sensors are similarly located to underlie, respectively, the entry region 130 of the platen surface and the exit region 132 of the platen surface. The sensors 82, which can be embodied as thermistors, provide to the heater controller 80 an output signal that is indicative of the temperature of the platen.
The heater controller 80 is also provided with control signals from the printer microprocessor 86. (For illustrative purposes, the heater controller is shown as a discrete component, although such heater control may be incorporated into the overall printer control system.) Such signals may provide an indication of the type of media about to be printed.
The heater controller 80 identifies the corresponding range of temperatures that should be read on the sensors 82 to ensure that an optimal amount of heat is being applied to the given type of media in the region corresponding to that sensor. The corresponding heater 70 is then driven with the appropriate current for achieving the correct sensor temperature. In one preferred embodiment, the heater in the print region 128 is normally driven by a current sufficient to establish a temperature of about 150� C. at the transport portion 66 of the belt, which contacts the paper 22.
The identification of the desired temperature range can be carried out, for example, by resort to a look-up table stored in read only memory (ROM) of the heater controller 80 and that is made up of an empirically derived range of temperatures correlated to many different media types. For instance, if the printer operator selects a transparency-type of print media, the range of temperatures to be detected on sensor 82 in the print region 128 of the platen (hence applied via conduction to the media) would likely be lower than such temperatures for paper media.
Irrespective of the relative size of the heated entry, print, and exit regions, it is desirable to control those heaters separately from one another. To this end, separate control leads are provided from the heater controller 80 to the contact pads 76 of the heaters 70 located in each surface region. The separate control of the heating regions affords a degree of customization for heating the print media, depending, for example, on the physical characteristics of the media used.
For instance, if the printer operator employs transparency-type media (which contains practically no moisture), the heater(s) in the entry region 130 may be controlled to provide little or no heat, although the heaters in the print region 128 and exit region would be operated to dry the ink as soon as it is applied.
As another example, the amount of heat applied to the print media 22 by the exit region heaters may be boosted relative to the entry region or print region heaters in instances where the printer microprocessor 86 provides to the heater controller 80 a control signal indicating that a particularly large amount of ink is to be printed onto the media sheet that next reaches the platen. The extra heat in the exit region 132 would facilitate timely drying of the large amount of ink.
FIG. 5 depicts one method for assembling a vacuum box 46 using a platen 42 as described above. Preferably the portion of the platen 42 that defines the entry region 130, print region 128, and exit region 132 is a separate module that is fastened to the body 49 of the vacuum box. This module also defines the support surface 52 and is formed from flat stainless steel of about 1.0 mm thick. At the edge of the module, there are integrally attached flanges 90 that extend downwardly, perpendicular to the surface 52. The flanges are joined at each corner of the module and provide stiffening support to the plate surface to ensure that the surface does not bend out of its plane. This helps to ensure that the distance between the print head 24 and paper 22 that is carried by the support surface remains constant even as the platen is heated and cooled.
The lowermost edges of the flanges 90 seat in correspondingly shaped grooves formed in the vacuum box body 49. A gasket is provided to seal this junction. The undersurface 84 of the platen 42 also includes a number of evenly spaced, internally threaded studs 92. Three studs appear in FIG. 5. The studs receive the threaded shafts of fasteners 94 that pass through the vacuum box body 49 to thus fasten together the platen 42 and the body 49.
As an alternative, the platen comprising the support surface may be formed of a thin sheet of ceramic material to provide a robust platen as respects, especially, the ability of the platen to maintain its planar shape despite heating and cooling cycles. Flanges, configured as those appearing at 90 in FIG. 5 and formed of thermally insulating material, are used in this embodiment as support for the ceramic surface and to maintain spacing to define the vacuum box underlying the platen.
The platen 42, including the entry, print, and exit regions, may be sized to define the entire support surface that underlies the transport portion 66 of the belt 60. Alternatively, this platen module may be attached to the valve box body between non-heated extensions of the platen surface that may or may not include vacuum ports (and associated fluid communication with the interior of the box 46) for securing the media, depending primarily upon the physical characteristics of the media that is accommodated by the printer.
It will be appreciated that a number of other platen configurations may be employed for uniformly heating and supporting print media in accord with the present invention. One alternative embodiment is depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7. Those figures show a platen 142 that, like platen 42 in the earlier described embodiment, forms the top of a vacuum chamber or box that is inside the printer. In this regard, the cross section of FIG. 7 shows the body 149 of a vacuum box 146 that matches the box 46 described earlier in that the box 146 is enclosed but for ports 144 in the platen 142, and a conduit to a vacuum source (not shown). The vacuum source is controlled to reduce the pressure in the interior of the box 146 so that suction or vacuum pressure is generated at the ports 144.
The platen 142 of this embodiment includes two parts: a rigid top plate 143 that mates with a bottom plate 145. The top plate 143 is formed of a heat conductive material such as an aluminum alloy or copper and includes a planar support surface 152 that faces the print head 24. The ports 144 in the platen top plate open to the support surface 152. As best shown in FIG. 6, the ports 144 are preferably formed in uniform rows across the support surface. The ports 144 are sized and arranged to ensure that vacuum pressure is uniformly distributed over the platen surface 152. In this embodiment, the ports are rectangular where they open to the surface 152. There the ports are 2.0 mm wide and 6.0 mm long. The ports 144 are aligned with their short sides being parallel to the direction of paper movement over the platen 142 (left to right in FIG. 6).
Each row of ports 144 is closely spaced relative to an adjacent row, thereby to ensure uniform distribution of vacuum pressure at the support surface 152 of the platen 142. In a preferred embodiment, the space between adjacent rows of ports is 2.0 mm, preferably no larger than 3.0 mm. Put another way, the space between the rows is no larger than one and one-half times the width of the ports. Of course, other port sizes and configurations can be used to arrive at an equivalent distribution of ports over the support surface 152 of the platen 142.
Apertures 151 are formed through the top plate 143 of the platen 142, one aperture for each port 144. These apertures extend from the base of the rectangular portion of the port to the underside 153 of the platen top plate. An air space 155 is defined beneath that underside 153 and the upper surface 157 of the bottom plate 145 of the platen, as will be explained more below.
The bottom plate 145 of the platen 142 is formed of rigid, high-temperature plastic such as the polyetherimide sold by General Electric under the trademark Ultem. In a preferred embodiment the bottom plate includes a peripheral frame 159 that surrounds the top plate 143 and includes a groove 161 into which fits the edge of the top plate (FIG. 7). The otherwise flat upper surface 157 of the bottom plate is interrupted with an array of cylindrical heater support posts 163 that project upwardly from the surface 157. Those posts are evenly spaced in an array of seven rows and five columns across the area of the bottom plate (one row of posts being depicted in FIG. 7).
The upper ends of each column of support posts 163 are bonded to the underside of an elongated substrate 165 that is part of a heater 170. In this embodiment, there are five such heaters 170. The heaters fit into correspondingly shaped grooves that are formed in the underside 153 of the platen 142 at spaced-apart locations across the width of the platen 142 as shown in FIG. 6.
The substrate of each heater is comprised of ceramic material. Upon the substrate is attached a resistive heating element 172 (FIG. 7), preferably formed of conventional thick-film resistive paste. The heating elements are terminated in contact pads 176 (FIG. 6), which, like the pads 76 of the earlier described embodiment permit the individual heaters to connect with and be controlled by a heater controller as explained above.
One of the heaters 170 underlies the print region 228 (which functionally corresponds to the print region 128 of the earlier embodiment) in the platen surface 152, as shown in FIG. 6. In this regard, the posts 163 are sized so that the heating elements 172 of the heaters are pressed against the heat conductive top plate 143 so that heat is conducted through the top plate and to the transport portion 266 (FIG. 6) of a transport belt 260 that matches the construction of the above described transport belt 60.
In this embodiment, the belt 260 is driven to slide directly across and in contact with the support surface 152 of the platen 142 (that is, the heaters 170 are remote from, and thus do not protrude from, that support surface). Both the belt 260 and the support surface 152 are thus thinly coated with a layer of low-friction material, such as Dupont's polytetrafluoroethylene sold under the trademark Teflon.
As was the case in the earlier embodiment, a pair of heaters 170 are attached to the platen adjacent to an entry region 230 of the support surface 152, and another pair of heaters 170 are attached to the platen adjacent to an exit region 230 of that surface. As before, these heaters are separately controlled.
It is also contemplated that the heaters of one region may be somewhat isolated from the heater(s) of another region. In this regard, FIGS. 6 and 7 depict an example of a restriction or notch 177 formed in the surface of the platen to limit the conduction of heat through the platen between the print region 228 and the exit region 232. This restriction limits or chokes the transfer of heat through the platen cross section at the notch since the cross section there is much reduced relative to the remainder of the platen. As a result, most of the heat generated by an operating print region heater will not flow into the adjacent exit region 232. Such a restriction is useful where, for example, print quality requirements are such that the exit region heaters should be substantially cooler than the print zone heater.
The bottom plate 145 also includes through apertures 154 that are axially aligned with the apertures 154 in the top plate 143. As a result, the vacuum pressure developed in the vacuum box 149 is communicated though the bottom plate apertures 154, through the air space 155, through the top plate apertures 151 to the ports 144 on the surface of the platen. Thus, the uniform distribution of vacuum pressure is present across the platen support surface 152.
It is noteworthy that no top plate apertures 151 are provided in the platen above the heaters 170. In these locations, vacuum port extensions 148 are provided in the surface 152. These extensions 248 are recesses formed in the surface 252 to extend from a port 144 (which has a connecting aperture 151) to the surface area overlying the heater so that the vacuum pressure provided to the connected port 144 is distributed via the extensions 148 to the surface area over the heaters 270. This permits the uniform distribution of the pressure over the entire platen support surface 252.
The embodiment of FIGS. 8-9 is primarily directed to conductive heating of the heat conductive belt 260 (which generally matches the belt 60 of the earlier described embodiment) while supporting the belt above the surface 252 of the platen 242, thereby to minimize friction between the belt and platen. In this embodiment, heaters 270, which are constructed like those heaters 170 of the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7, are mounted to spaced-apart pads 273 of rigid, high-temperature plastic such as the polyetherimide sold by General Electric under the trademark Ultem. These heater support pads 273 are located in grooves formed in the support surface 252 of the platen that extend in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of media through the print zone.
Alternative structures for supporting the heaters include elongated strips that fill the bottom of the grooves and have upwardly protruding, thin edges that support the heater and thus include between those edges a thermally insulating air gap. This structure, as well as the foregoing pads 273, may be formed of open-cell silicon foam, for more insulating effect. This foam could also be applied between the pads 273 or to fill the just described air gap.
The substrate 265 and heating element 272 of each heater are stacked onto the support strip. The uppermost surface of the heater 270 protrudes above the support surface 252 and contacts the underside 261 of the heat conductive belt.
Support members are mounted to the platen at closely spaced locations along the support surface 252. In a preferred embodiment, the support members are elongated, cylindrical rollers 281 that extend between each heater 270. As best shown in FIG. 9, the lower half of each roller fits in a correspondingly shaped, semi-cylindrical recess 285 made in the support surface 252 of the platen. The recess 285 is slightly larger that the roller 281, thus a gap 287 is present around the outer surface of the roller.
The ends of each roller are formed into a small diameter spindle 283 that fits into a slot 289 made in the surface 252 at opposite ends of each recess. Preferably, the opening of the slot 289 at the surface 252 is slightly narrower than the diameter of the spindle so that the spindle can be snap fit into the slot, free to rotate in the slot, but not able to move out of the slot in the absence of a sufficient force applied to remove the roller.
The upper sides of the rollers 281 provide rolling support for the belt 260 as it is driven across the platen in contact with the heaters 270. It will be appreciated that the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9 provides an enhanced low-friction approach to moving the belt relative to the platen. Moreover, the uniform distribution of vacuum pressure to the belt is also provided in this embodiment.
Specifically, each gap 287 that surrounds a roller 281 has a number of spaced-apart apertures 290 opening to it. Each aperture 290 communicates with the vacuum pressure developed in the vacuum box that underlies the platen. As a result, the gaps 287 serve as vacuum ports in the support surface of the platen, thereby to facilitate the uniform distribution of vacuum pressure to the transport belt 260.
Although preferred and alternative embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill that the spirit and scope of the invention is not limited to those embodiments, but extend to the various modifications and equivalents as defined in the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
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|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
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|Hewlett-Packard Company
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|Hewlett-Packard Company
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|Hewlett-Packard Company
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|Hewlett-Packard Company
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|Hewlett-Packard Company
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|Hewlett-Packard Company
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|Hewlett-Packard Company
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|Xerox Corporation
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 7, 2003
|Jul 19, 2005
|Cool Options, Inc.
|Thermally conductive drive belt
|Aug 21, 2001
|Aug 9, 2005
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Holddown device for hardcopy apparatus
|Apr 29, 2005
|Dec 18, 2007
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Media advancing device and method of displacing a medium
|Oct 3, 2005
|Jun 10, 2008
|Oce-Technologies B.V.
|Sheet handling device for wide format sheets
|Sep 17, 2008
|Aug 16, 2011
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Convertible printer
|May 8, 2009
|May 1, 2012
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Restraint device and recording device
|Dec 7, 2010
|Jan 14, 2014
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Drying apparatus and printing apparatus
|Jan 23, 2013
|Nov 18, 2014
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Liquid ejecting apparatus
|Aug 21, 2001
|Jul 25, 2002
|Antonio Hinojosa
|Holddown device for hardcopy apparatus
|Jan 7, 2003
|Jul 10, 2003
|Foster Jon S.
|Thermally conductive drive belt
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|Peow Ng
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|Oce-Technologies B.V.
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|Jan 31, 2008
|Moynihan Edward R
|Printing on a heated substrate
|May 8, 2009
|Nov 12, 2009
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Restraint device and recording device
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|Mar 18, 2010
|Juan Manuel Valero Navazo
|Convertible printer
|Dec 7, 2010
|Oct 27, 2011
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Drying apparatus and printing apparatus
|Jan 23, 2013
|Jul 25, 2013
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Liquid ejecting apparatus
|U.S. Classification
|400/648, 347/102, 400/23
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 31, 2003
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:013862/0623
Effective date: 20030728
|Oct 30, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 29, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 29, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
How to Plot Graph in Fluent ?
1. How to plot graph of "Pressure vs Time" in Fluent?
In XY plot, I could not find any "Time" function in X-Axis Function.
2. How to plot "Viscosity vs Time" & "Shear Rate vs Time" graph in Fluent?
I could not find the "Viscosity,Shear Rate & Filled Volume" in Y-Axis function.
Please help me.
Re: How to Plot Graph in Fluent ?
Did you do unsteady (transient) simulations?
Also then these plots can only be done using monitors.
Re: How to Plot Graph in Fluent ?
Yes, unsteady simulation.
You mean setting at Monitor, and get the graph during simulation??
Re: How to Plot Graph in Fluent ?
Correct - otherwise you have to use your saved files, load all of them using a script and process them, writing the results to files which you can combine.
Hi, I'm working in cyclone simulation. I want to know How to plot graph of
1."Aerodynamic Diameter Vs Collection Efficiency" in Fluent?
2."Aerodynamic Diameter Vs Fraction of Total Amount Deposited" in Fluent?
3."Normalized Particle Diameter Vs Collection Efficiency" in Fluent?
I really need to sought out these problems.
Hi antara,
I am also working on gas cyclone. Why exactly do you need to go for Aerodynamic Diameter Vs Collection Efficiency, Aerodynamic Diameter Vs Fraction of Total Amount Deposited, and Normalized Particle Diameter Vs Collection Efficiency? Cyclones are characterized in terms of cut-off diameters, and I think you should go with that.
Thanks for your reply. I needed this graph to know the collection efficiency in tubes, internal loss and also penetration efficiency. But I could not plot those graphs.Do I need to plot these on matlab? Or can I use fluent for this??
I need to plot a transient case of temperature against time plot. I have did an autosave during the the simulation. Previously, I have used monitor and I have the graph plotted from using average vertex. After closing Fluent, I cannot seem to retrieve the graph plotted. Could anyone assist in this?
Thank you very much for your time in advance.
Usually a plot is saved in a *.out format. Search for *.out in your fluent or project path and you should find your file.
- If you still can't find it take a look on your monitor settings and enable the writh plot field...
I usually write up a python script to generate the journal file for fluent then just run the journal file in fluent.
Thank you so much for the reply.
I understand what you all have suggested. I would like to ask if i need to compile all the data using script (udf), may i ask how should i go about writing the script?
Thank you so much in advance.
In my opinion a UDF need to to compiled in every case. Is this a general question or does your script mean an special case? When you saw writing scribt, is this about an UDF or about the plot export you asked in the last post?
Generall: There is a UDF Guide on the fluent homepage (customer portal) this is a good hint for a lot of applications.
Thank you for the haste reply.
I am only referring to a general case as of how to write the udf script to plot the time dependent graph using data files saved during the run.
Thank you for your time.
I have the same problem as Jane, I still could not understand on how to plot "Pressure vs Time" in FLUENT. I really appreciate who can explain in details.
Before running your simulation, go to monitors > volume monitors or surface monitors > set up a monitor point on the desired location > make sure you select "write to file" and set the desired axis values (iterations, time-steps or flow-time).
Volume monitors should be used if you want to know your value in a whole domain, or a part of the domain volume; so for pressure: if you want to know the average value over the whole domain.
Surface monitors should be used if you want to know the value on a plane, line or point. For pressure, you may want to know the surface-average value on a wall, or for a point, the vertex-average value. For this, you need to set up a new surface > point and enter the desired coordinates.
Thanks to CeesH,
After closing FLUENT, I cannot retrieve the saved file. May you assist in this?
Thanks for your time
Hi, I have one question regarding to contour. How to figure out the development of pressure contours at different times in transient simulation?
Thank you
Plot monitor files by Fluent?
I am wondering how to plot my variables in Fluent. I have created a surface monitor for a point in my transient calculation(suppose velocity versus time).
I save the monitor file. I want to know a way how I can directly plot that .out file in Fluent . I can open .out file, but need to open it in notepad first and remove the header and then open it by Excel which can be time consuming if you have many surface monitor files. I am looking for a fast way. any idea?
Thank you in advance!
2 Attachment(s)
Thank you for your reply. I am beginner in Ansys.and working on pulsatile blood flow through artery.now i want to draw velocity vs time graph at different position of artery In Ansys fluent.How can i draw it in CFD post?Or is there any other way?
I do not use CFD post. I use Tecplot 360 to post-process my data. I believe those figures you shared, are prepared by Tecplot.
Best of Luck
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Placed a menu in navigationbar, but I can't get it to work…?
Also is the header not working as it should (see image).
I'm using the appbuilderBiz theme on a WP-MU with subdirectories.
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Eurydice in the Underworld(1998)
A novel by Kathy Acker
|"Kathy Acker's writing is virtuoso, maddening, crazy, so sexy, so painful, and beaten out of a wild heart that nothing can tame. Acher is a landmark writer."
Jeanette Winterson
This is an anthology of short fiction and other writings by Acker, including "Politics", her debut work written at the age of 21, and "The Translations of the Diaries of Laure the Schoolgirl", plus "The Birth of a Poet", a play in three acts. It also features an interview with Acker.
Similar Books by other authors...
Used availability for Kathy Acker's Eurydice in the Underworld
See all available used copies of this book at Abebooks UK or Abebooks US
Paperback Editions
January 1998 : UK Paperback
|Title: Eurydice in the Underworld
Author(s): Kathy Acker
ISBN: 1-900850-08-7 / 978-1-900850-08-7 (UK edition)
Publisher: Arcadia Books
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
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Additional Information
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The Premium Nanotech was a Nanotech supplement drink that could be purchased for 4,000 bolts on planet Orxon. It upgraded Ratchet's maximum Nanotech by one, meaning he could take one more hit before being defeated.
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- Ratchet & Clank (2002 game) (first appearance)


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When you purchase a digital subscription to Cake Central Magazine, you will get an instant and automatic download of the most recent issue.
Cake was made from 2 12 x 18 sheet cakes then carved into giraffe shape. I then iced with buttercream colored orange, then added chocolate wafers and chocolate chips for the spots. The feet, eyes, ears and mouth were cut from fondant. I used tip #233...


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Redemption and Regrets
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A white lie can save you … Too many lies will break you. More info →
Loyalty and Lies
Loyalties will be tested, lies will be told. Welcome to Chastity Falls. More info →
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When you purchase a digital subscription to Cake Central Magazine, you will get an instant and automatic download of the most recent issue.
Shabby chic mini birdcage cake. Choc mudcake with choc buttercream filling.Not my design-saw something similar on pinterest.Approx 7inches high.


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New York Fair Unveils Donut Burgers
July 29, 2011 by USA Post
New York Fair Unveils Donut Burgers, Do you want fries with that … donut? A food stall in Syracuse will release the "Big Kahuna Burger Donut" in the Fair this year the state of New York. Between 5 and 6, and the adventurous eater burger quarter of a pound between slices of grilled donut, glazed. Mix cheese, bacon, lettuce, tomato and onion, and you have a meal of 1,500 calories.
U.S. shows the state can count on to provide unconventional food ingredient combinations. Wisconsin has chocolate covered bacon on a stick, you can get beer fried in Texas, Massachusetts, fried jelly beans and North Carolina has the "Koolickle" pickles soaked in Kool-Aid. New York Fair opens August 25.
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.


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We stayed here one night while passing through Riverside area. Convenient location, right off the freeway and very near a nice mall. Staff was very helpful, room was very clean and fresh, pleasant lobby, free newspaper, nice bathroom, and very comfy bed with good pillows. We asked for a quiet room on the top (3rd) floor and were pleased, although some freeway noise was inevitable. The air conditioner was the common under-the-window type (and not nearly as loud as some) and kept the room at the temp selected on the thermostat. Comfortable desk chair and nice electrical outlets built into the lamp stands. Breakfast was the common cereal,etc, and could be OK if you don't mind pre-formed eggs and a few strips of bacon or sausage - we decided to eat out. Plenty of restaurants in the nearby mall, and be careful in this busy area about which turn lane you select. The price was very reasonable and the staff even gave me a discount as a veteran. For a clean, nice, room for a short stay this was great. Except for breakfast, I'd give it a five rating. Recommended.
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First time in Arizona, we were there for Cleveland Indians spring training. Staff was friendly, hotel was maintained well, room always cleaned, area seemed very save with restaurants and lots of shopping for the wife nearby. Goodyear Ballpark 10 minutes away. Ray , the owner is making upgrades to the hotel. Loved the waffle maker, ate waffles with yogurt and fruit every morning, stayed for a week in March 2013. Price very reasonable. Small exercise room worked great for me because it had an elliptical . RickB
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
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Department of Sociology & Criminal Justice 2nd Annual Human Trafficking Conference - February 28, 2017
Dr. Mario, Professor Judith Paparozzi, and the department of Sociology & Criminal Justice hosted the 2nd annual Human Trafficking Conference on Tuesday, February 28, 2017 in the University Center Annex. Professor Judith Paparozzi is a passionate advocate for the prevention of human trafficking, as well as educating the public on the awareness of this horrible crime. Due to its extreme popularity, she teaches the department's "Human Trafficking & Slavery" course almost every semester, as well as during some summer sessions, online and at UNCP's Cape Fear Community College satellite location.
This year's conference featured Dr. Louise Shelley, founder/director of the Terrorism, Transnational Crime & Corruption Center (TraCCC), professor at George Mason University, and author of HT: A Global Perspective, as well as law enforcement officials actively involved in the fight against human trafficking: Assistant Chief James D. Varrone of the Wilmington Police Department, Detective Bill Woolf, Jr. of the North Virginia Task Force & Gang Invesitgation Unit, First Sergeant Robert Grella of the Stafford County, Virginia Sheriff's Office, Special Agent Bran Moultis of Homeland Security Investigations in Cary, NC, and SSGT Adam Farnham of Cumberland County Sheriff's Office, Human Trafficking Unit. Also participating in the conference, were the non-governmental organizations, A Safe Place of Wilmington, NC, represented by Amanda Piner, Naomi's House of Charlotte, NC, represented by Millicent Starnes, and Eastern NC Stop HT Now, represented by founder Pam Strickland. There were also fair trade products offered for sale by Ms. Strickland during and after the conference. Congratulations to Drs. Mario and Judith Paparozzi for another successful Human Trafficking Conference.
Human Trafficking Conference Photographs
Professor Judith Paparozzi, UNC Pembroke-Sociology & Criminal Justice Dept.
Dr. Mario A. Paparozzi, Professor & Dept. Chair, UNC Pembroke-Sociology & Criminal Justice Dept.
Dr. Jeff Frederick, Dean of Arts & Sciences at UNC-Pembroke
Dr. Louise Shelley, Founder/Director of TraCCC, professor, and author-Keynote Speaker
Assistant Chief James D. Varrone, Wilmington Police Dept., Wilmington, NC
Detective Bill Woolf, Jr.-North Virginia Task Force & Gang Investigation Unit
Fair Trade Products Table
Detective 1st Sgt. Robert Grella-Stafford County, Virginia Sheriff's Office
Erika Goodis-Lytle and Amanda Piner - A Safe Place, Wilmington, NC
Millicent Starnes, Naomi's House, Charlotte, NC
SSGT Adam Farnham, Cumberland County Sheriff's Office, Human Trafficking Unit
Special Agent Bryan Moultis, Homeland Security Investigations
Professor Judith Paparozzi's Human Trafficking students ask questions following Dr. Louise Shelley's presentation
"Crime Scene Investigation" with Professor Robert McDonnell
Professor Robert McDonnell's Criminal Investigation (CRJ 3150) class participated in processing a "mock crime scene" on February 14 & 16, 2017. In the photographs below, you will see the scene as it was set up by Professor McDonnell in classroom 230 of Sampson Hall. Check out our "Students in Action" section to see photographs of criminal investigation students "working the scene." News of the criminal investigation exercise was also shared in The Robesonian newspaper. Click on the following link to the read the article and view additional photographs.
Mock Crime Scene
The governor has appointed adjunct instructor, Rudy Locklear to serve on the state's Domestic Violence Commission. Click here to read more.
Dr. Roger Guy's second book since coming to UNCP, When Architecture Meets Activism, was published by Rowman and Littlefield Publishing in November 2016.
Congratulations to Dr. Guy on this achievement! Click here for more information on Dr. Guy's book: When Architecture Meets Activism.
"A Convict's Perspective on Hans Toch's Essay, Providing Sanctuary in New York State Prisons," co-authored by Dr. Renee Lamphere, was published in The Prison Journal, November 2016.
Dr. Lamphere's co-author, Tyrone Baker, is an inmate at Columbus Correctional Institution. Congratulations to Dr. Lamphere on this achievement! To view the article, Click Here.


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This page needs serious attention!
Park Pedia: The Jurassic Park Wiki. Please feel free to edit it, and pose any
questions you might have on the article's talk page.
Styracosaurus is featured as a two-star small herbivore in the game Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis. It uses its nose horn to attack small carnivores, although it spends much time running in circles around them and grunting instead of attacking. The Styracosaurus usually move in herds with Triceratops or Torosaurus.


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Rest or Cross-Train [1]
Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
At some point during your training, you're bound to experience chafing, a red, raw rash that can bleed, sting, and be painful to the touch. To prevent chafing, wear wick-away, seamless, tagless gear. And make sure it fits right. Extra material in a baggy shirt can cause irritation; a too-snug sports bra can dig into the skin. Apply sports lube or a bandage to trouble spots before you run. Moisturize the area after you shower. To treat chafing, wash the area with soap and water, apply an antibacterial ointment, and cover it with a bandage.
Workout ID:
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The Solution: Simplify Your Systems
If you've grouped all your spices alphabetically only to find that you can't retrieve the rosemary without reshuffling the entire cabinet, then it's time for a less cumbersome way of doing things. Easily access kitchen goods with lazy-Susan turntables, says Nancy Heller, president of Goodbye Clutter, in New York City. "People have a tendency to forget what they don't see; this keeps everything visible."


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Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
Clean, well equipped self-catering unit, decent internet access in a fairly remote location, excellent value ( ~ $65 USD/night for three night stay). The 12 KM access road was a bit rough -- mild to moderate corrugations, large rocks -- in a passenger sedan. Would have been nice if this were noted in the property description so we knew about it BEFORE we booked. .
Hotel situate and decor The selection at dinner was not varied enough and the food quality was not the greatest. Generally a good food experience make a weekend. However the staff were quick to assist in any way they could.
Good setting and very different. Very comfy with fresh decor although it needs finishing off. Some staff still a little raw but this will improve. Very slippery and scary shower floor.


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Your answer is one click away!
I'm new to PowerShell DSC and I'm writing a script that should ensure if a certain File is present with the correct content. It's fairly simple:
File BatFile
Ensure = "Present"
DestinationPath = $BatPath
Contents = "start $($FullPath)"
Type = "File"
When I open the file in notepad, the contents seem to be OK. However, when I execute it I get an error message:
C:\Directory>start C:\Directory\AppIWantToStart.exe
'start' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.
Suddenly there's these weird  characters in the file! I assume this is some sort of encoding problem but I have no clue how to solve this. Does anyone know of a way to fix this?
EDIT: So apparently these characters are the Byte Order Mark (BOM) and don't show up in notepad due to encoding. See this topic. My question is: Using the DSC File resource, can I write the file content without the BOM?
(Yes, I'm trying to create a Batch script in a PowerShell script. This may be weird, but not relevant to this question!)
There's no
Encoding property for the File-resource and for some reason I think it writes using UTF-16 w/BOM. You may try using a Script-resource.
Script BatFile
SetScript = {
"start $($FullPath)" | Set-Content -Path $BatPath -Force
TestScript = { Test-Path -Path $BatPath }
GetScript = { @{BatFileExists = (Test-Path $BatPath )} }


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Vogue 2633; ca. early 1980s; Sweater Transfers: Package contains one set of non-reusable heat set transfers for motifs. Transfer is applied to non-woven interfacing, basted to purchased sweater and embroidered with crewel and metallic yarns. View A, motic extends across upper front and sleeves. View B, motifs can be placed randomly. View C, motif extends over left shoulder to back and around right side. NOTE: Embroidery works best on light to medium weight closely kntted sweaters.
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Petra – 2214
Released: July 17, 2013
Wow, what a casting! You don't see this often. The newest episode of the biggest casting in the history of mankind is crammed with emotions. Beautiful bartender Petra will go through an unbelievably inner fight on our white sofa. Her past is crushing her. She grew up in depressing shadows of an orphanage and she got her experience from the battlefield called the streets. Nothing you'd envy. But she managed to grow into beautiful and optimistic girl with a big heart. This always smiling brunette told us about her experience with acts and solos from when she was 18. But there is a boundary she will never cross. She will never fuck a guy she has no feelings for; she doesn't have guts for that. That's pity, because Petra is really hot with her slim body and exclusive ass. But never say never. You will stare in astonishment when you see what happened after Ales touched her down there. In that moment Petra's head started a massive fight with her pussy. Head shouted NO!!! You cannot do that!!! You can't!!! The pussy did not approve. YES, I want that!!! I haven't fucked for so long! That was massacre!!! You need to see that!!!


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Dina Lohan Looking for Love, Set to Appear on 'Millionaire Matchmaker'
Dina Lohan wants to find love, so she's going on The Millionaire Matchmaker.
According to TMZ, Dina will guest star on the Bravo reality show's upcoming season. Though host Patti Stanger usually sets millionaires up on dates, this season the show will bring celebrities on and try to find them love. We wonder how… More »


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Bound For Trouble and Other Episodes is a fan-fiction VHS/DVD Release featuring one Pokemon episode, one The New Adventures of Winnie The Pooh episode, one SpongeBob SquarePants episode, one Donkey Kong Country episode, one Thomas and Friends episode, one Mucha Lucha episode, one The Fairly OddParents episode and one Shining Time Station episode.
- Bound For Trouble (Pokemon)
- Bubble Trouble (The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh)
- That's No Lady (SpongeBob SquarePants)
- Mikey's Tickle Tonic (Greeny Michael)
- Cranky Bugs (Thomas and Friends)
- The Collector (Mucha Lucha)
- Most Wanted Wish (The Fairly OddParents)
- Billy's Party (Shining Time Station)
- Distributed by USA Home Entertainment.
VHS/DVD Artwork
Front Cover
- Top: Pikachu and Meowth (both angry)
- Bottom: Patrick (as a girl) from "That's No Lady"
Back Cover
- Piglet (panicked) from "Bubble Trouble"
- Cranky fallen on his side from "Cranky Bugs"


text:
Many of us are at that desperate time of year when we are trying to harvest as many herbs as possible before Jack Frost takes them. I cut some mint today because I remember how nice a hot cup of mint tea tastes in the winter. Here are a few tips for drying your herbs.
Cut a bunch of stems about the diameter of your thumb.
Wrap a rubber band around them to secure the ends of the stem.
Hang upside down somewhere warm and dry. I have an 'herb hut' outside where I do this, but you could find a place in your kitchen or living space too. Hanging herbs can be very attractive.
Let the bunch hang like this for a few weeks until brittle to the touch. Take the herbs down and using clean fingers strip the dry leaves from the stem and store in a glass jar – labeled of course with the name of the herb and the date.
Remember over the winter that you have these and put some in teas as well as cooking.
For larger amounts of herbs we dry them on shelves on a bakers rack or for flowers we typically dry them in baskets as below.
However you plan to do it, get out now to cut your herbs before its too late.