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Trying to expand this:
Shows: Walking Dean, Mad Men, yes Downton Abbey(no judging)
Liked Community when Dan Harmond was behind it, 30 Rock.
Music: Soundgarden, Led Zeppelin, Beatles, Black Keys, Bruce,
Audioslave, Chris Cornell in general, Aesop Rock and much more, like some classical too.
Food: Grilled and smoked meats ( but I do love you vegetarians out there :)
Sushi, Italian, Ethnic, 5 Guys Cheeseburgers, and yes I do work out... :)
If you are a smart, considerate, love to cook, and mentally stable woman. I am looking for friends that turn into lovers and yes, I ant long term and marriage. I am not a player.


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
No one likes stress or anxiety. Why? Because not only do you not feel like yourself when you're in an anxious or stressed out state, but a person who is anxious or stressed out tends to make decisions based in fear, rather than making choices that in the long run are in their best interest. As a result, anxiety and stress is merely perpetuated and a person wonders why they can't get off the anxiety wagon in the first place.
As most people know, meditation is a good tool to help weather anxiety and stress. That said, checkout this recent US News and World Report for basic tips on how to handle those overwhelming feelings when they come up. Five of the seven are below.
- Schedule 30 minutes each day to think about the things that are concerning you. Save your worry for those designated times. Think less about what will happen and concern yourself more with what's happening now.
- Practice relaxation techniques such as muscle relaxation or deep breathing.
- Get plenty of regular exercise and enough sleep.
- Don't abuse drugs or drink alcohol.
- Restrict or eliminate caffeine.
Read the full list of tips to deal with your stress and anxiety here.


text:
Newcastle United will play Doncaster Rovers next month at the Keepmoat Stadium on Wednesday, 20th July for a 7.45pm kick-off.
That comes just four days after our first friendly game against Bohemians on Saturday, 16th July, with a 2pm kick-off against the League of Ireland Premier club in Dublin.
That follows a week of training in County Kildare, Ireland.
The last time we were in the Championship was the last time the team played at the Keepmoat Stadium on Tuesday 23rd March 2010, as we were steamrolling towards automatic promotion and we won the game 1-0 with a second half Andy Carroll goal.
After being beaten 3-0 at Derby on 9th February, 2010 Newcastle won 13 of the remaining 17 league games and drew the other four – 43 points from a possible 51 points to finish off the season in a sprint to the finish and 102 points and first place in the Championship.
Rafa Benitez has said he doesn't want too much travel in this pre-season as he concentrates on getting the team ready for an assault on the Championship.
We could see a number of local friendly games leading up to the Championship kickoff on Saturday August 6th.
Comments welcome.


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|Beasts of all the elements, rise!
|~ Umarak before unleashing the Elemental Beasts.
The Elemental Beasts, also known as the Shadow Horde, are the army of humanoid monsters that appear in the BIONICLE series. They are in fact the Shadow Spawn created by Umarak after the latter received the new power from his master, Karzahni and transformed into the group of powerful monsters that control various elements. The Elemental Beasts are also proved to be
In order to distract the Toa Uniters from interfering with his quest, Umarak tells his master, Karazhni who was imprisoned in the Field of Shadows to give him the new power to defeat the Toa. Karzahni then complied and give Umarak the power that can summon the Elemental Beasts from the elements of Okoto and the Shadow Spawn. Once it was done, Umarak then ordered both the Elemental Beasts and the Shadow Traps to attack the Toa as well as Okoto.
Soon afterwards, the Elemental Beasts began their attack by destroying the village in the Region of Jungle, which prompted the Toa Uniters and the Elemental Creatures to investigate.
Known Elemental Beasts
Lava BeastsThe Lava Beasts are the members of the Elemental Beasts. They are capable of controlling the powers of fire and lava as well as shooting fireballs from their mouths. They can also able to fly as well. Their natural tools are the Fire Crystal Wings, which can doubled as the Fire Crystal Blades for close combat.
Quake BeastsThe Quake Beasts are the members of the Elemental Beasts. They also have the Earth-based powers, allowing them to create boulders and crystals as well as throwing them at their enemies. Their natural tools are the Crystal Fists, which they can used for smashing through any matters, their brute strength and their sharp claws for combat.
Storm BeastsThe Storm Beasts are the members of the Elemental Beasts. They possess


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Minimal and handsome, this mini pendant light is industrial inspired. A polished nickel finish is paired with a brushed steel finish shade, giving this design a warehouse look with clean, contemporary lines. White etched opal glass and a square chain completes the look. From the Cadence Collection by Feiss.
Our team has over 100 years combined experience with contemporary lighting.
Every EuroStyleLighting.com order is backed by our 100% Satisfaction Pledge.
Shipping and Delivery Information - For item EU6K895 if ordered by 1 pm Pacific Time


text:
Toll Free at800.781.4040
Want to tell a better travel story at your next dinner party? Tell em about the time you went to southeast Africa. Nature is front-and-centre on this 13-day trip across three countries South Africa, Swaziland, and Mozambique with plenty of time devoted to the regions amazing national parks and spotless beaches. Wander around the Portuguese-influenced cities of Mozambique, take a traditional dhow safari boat around Bazaruto National Park, track the Big Five in Kruger National Park, and drive the legendary Panorama Route to Johannesburg. Your stories are improving already.
There are no planned activities until the evening welcome meeting.
Included Activities:
Arrival Day and Welcome Meeting
Visit the mountainous Kingdom of Swaziland. Ruled by King Mswati III, Swaziland is one of three monarchies in Africa.
Spend some time exploring the local markets, where you can find traditional Swazi candles, handmade baskets, carvings, and jewellery.
Included Activities:
Border Crossing (South Africa - Swaziland)
Private Vehicle (4.00 hour(s))
Cross the border and continue to the capital city, Maputo. Take a short orientation walk with your CEO when you arrive in the afternoon.
Additional Notes:
It is possible to be denied entry at the border if you haven't organized your visa in advance. For the best price and less hassle at the border, it's best to get a Mozambique visa from an embassy before arriving.
Included Activities:
Guided Walk - Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary
Border Crossing (Swaziland - Mozambique)
Maputo Orientation Walk
Private Vehicle (4.00 hour(s))
Stop at the market in Maputo, before heading north to Praia do Tofo. It's easy to see what makes Mozambique so captivating, as we watch the beautiful coastal scenery slide by.
In Tofo, opt to swim, snorkel, dive, or relax.
Additional Notes:
Stay in traditional beach lodges.
Private Vehicle (7.00 hour(s))
Enjoy free time to laze on the white-sand beach, go swimming, surfing, snorkelling, or diving and take plenty of time to enjoy the laid back atmosphere.
Continue to Vilanculos, our jumping-off point to explore stunning Bazaruto National Park, one of southern Africa's largest marine parks. Enjoy the Indian Ocean's sparkling clear waters and the abundance of marine life.
Additional Notes:
The evening will be spent in Vilanculos in chalet-type accommodation.
Private Vehicle (5.00 hour(s))
The itinerary for the dhow excursion through the archipelago is flexible based on weather and other conditions. The plan is to depart for Magaruque Island with opportunities to snorkel and explore the island's sandy beaches.
Enjoy lunch and relax before setting sail for the beach camp back on the mainland.
Additional Notes:
The camp is equipped with tents, mattresses, pillows, sleeping bags, lights, showers, and basic toilets— just rustic enough.
Included Activities:
Dhow Safari
Beach Camping
Head to Bazaruto Island to hike the sand dunes. Visit 2 Mile Reef for another excellent snorkelling opportunity. Enjoy lunch on the island before heading back to mainland Vilanculos for a night in town.
Additional Notes:
Accommodation is back in the chalets in Vilanculos town.
Included Activities:
Bazaruto National Park and Island Visit
Travel to a lodge about 30km (18.6 mi) outside Xai-Xai. Arrive in the late afternoon and take some time to relax in the area.
Additional Notes:
Our lodge is located on the beach of Praia de Jangamo, about 30km (18.6 mi) south of Inhambane.
Private Vehicle (6.50 hour(s))
Visit the market and shops in the centre of the town and opt to enjoy lunch at a local restaurant before returning to the resort for an afternoon of relaxing on the beach.
Included Activities:
Xai-Xai Visit
Cross back into South Africa and stay in Kruger National Park, the most famous wildlife park in the country.
Included Activities:
Border Crossing (Mozambique-South Africa)
Private Vehicle (8.00 hour(s))
Enjoy a full-day wildlife safari drive in Kruger travelling from the camp to Orpen Gate. Spend the evening around the campfire, and enjoy a traditional dinner and local dancing.
Included Activities:
Kruger Wildlife Safari Drive
Traditional Dinner and Local Dancing
Enjoy a full day wildlife safari in our touring vehicle as we travel through Kruger National Park.
Private Vehicle (6.50 hour(s))
Onward travel can be booked in the evening. We recommend booking a post night to further explore Johannesburg and the apartheid and Mandela sights of nearby Soweto Township.
Included Activities:
Panorama Route Scenic Drive
Private Vehicle (8.50 hour(s))
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Trip Name: Mozambique, Kruger & Swazi Discoverer
Duration: 13 Days
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Apparently, a Bronx judge has had it with the super-casual attire that accused criminals are wearing to court these days. The judge berated a defense lawyer for letting his client dress sloppily and sent the sister of another defendant scrambling for dress pants and a button-down shirt.
Click here to read the post on Gothamist, which has a link to the original Daily News story.


text:
- Description
Transforming before your eyes is the Madoc Collection. Starting with plush seating and back for your comfort, armrests open to reveal storage space while the center headrest of the sofa rises to illuminate the drop down back of the center seat, cup holders further the use of this table-like platform. Contoured for your comfort and covered in black leather gel match, the multi-functional contemporary design is furthered by touch button reclining and power headrest adjustment.Includes
1 Power Double Reclining Sofa and 1 Power Double Reclining Love Seat.Dimensions
Other Decorations are NOT included.
Power Double Reclining Sofa: 83.5 x 40 x 41.25H
Power Double Reclining Love Seat: 60 x 40 x 41.25H
More from this collection: Madoc
- Additional Information
Additional Information
SKU 13491937 MPN 8444BLK-3+2PW GTIN UPC 782359385556, 782359385549 Brand Homelegance Collection Madoc Assemble Length No Assemble Width No Assemble Height No Assembly Required Yes Material No Color No Styles Contemporary Shipping Time 2-3 Weeks Free Shipping No
- Reviews


text: Hey guys Skyrim has been out a while now, and while we all play gleefully on/wait for Dawnguard and think of the future DLCs, i was thinking of things to do in Skyrim. Most of us now have completed all the non-radient quests, cleared the whole world and got all the decent items, so I was thinking of just compiling a list of crazy stuff you can do in Skyrim if you're bored? One I've got for example is to get a normal sized basket in your home and fill it to the top with all kinds of jewels and gems. It's harder than it sounds, trust me. Any others?


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Jamie Oliver Food Revolution
April 20, 2011 by Post Team
Jamie Oliver Food Revolution, This week, Jamie Oliver continues his struggle to get into the kitchens of LAUSD and changing eating habits of people in LA love fast food.
Is dealing with the junta, this time hitting a smaller meeting with the hope of them is more responsive to your request. After appealing to them again, talking about the progress he has made Jamie's kitchen, some of them seemed to be smiling in his continuing attempts. With looks so sad meeting, that even seems to be a ray of hope of it going into the lunchroom.
In order to make any difference, met a group of volunteers and will take a free, healthy lunches for children. In addition to changing at least one lunch, which will help promote their work in Los Angeles with free shirts and brochures with contact details of the meeting so that parents can start an email campaign to express their concerns about the program school lunches. Their lunches are nice and inexpensive, consisting of white milk, a piece of fruit and a chicken salsa wrap – something that you could easily do at home. As lunches go, you can see the parents and children are eating donuts and other unhealthy foods for breakfast. A food revolution is undoubtedly necessary.
Later that same day back to the kitchen of Jamie, who has received nearly 800 emails that were copied as they were sent to the card of your interest, and some really demanding, which let him in. Who knows how many more were sent has not been copied! It definitely seems that your free lunch idea touched a cord with local families.
As a result of rumors of the event free lunch, West Adams heard of their preparation work and will be allowed to come in. They are a charter school, so while they are technically part of LAUSD, MLA running, so have a little more freedom than other LAUSD schools.
As soon as we entered, we could say that the staff was happy to have him there, but were nervous about how it will react the LAUSD since their jobs could be on the line. This school is located in a community where students pass through last year; only 1% prepared them for college. More than 50% are overweight or obese. They knew that Jamie's work is needed here. They are hoping the district will see that your work will be beneficial. The MLA team had hoped that he could start in the cafeteria / kitchen doing interviews with staff, but that the LAUSD is blocking. MLA has had to be creative in how they allow on campus, which is now a culinary arts teacher who can teach and talk about cooking healthy food habits. MLA and Jamie Oliver will have to be careful because it could cost them their jobs and put all the great work they have done for this community at risk.
Back at Oliver's house, which is a bit tense due to their lack of forward progression. There is a very interesting time in which he mentions that his wife ate just before they were together, but their defense was that it was all I could afford at the time. It could be said of many cases in Los Angeles? Petra burgers and cheap meat?
Back in Petras, Jamie feels he will not make any progress with Deno because it is so stuck on making the food in their own way in price since this restaurant has been a family business since his father started. If Jamie is picking on him and failures, that is the welfare of his family line. So Jamie decided that he will try to take over and show that it can double the amount of money in two weeks with their new menu. Deno not respond to that idea at all. So agree on a compromise, their menus will remain side by side and see if the menu of Jamie sells. Deno only because she believes that Jamie was not raised here in the States, you do not understand how that works fast food and that's what the customer wants.
Back in West Adams Prep, the first class has only 10 people. One of them brought in McDonald's food, which only shows how bad it is. I had some students share their personal experiences with health problems, and some of them have relatives with diabetes. The saddest story was a little girl whose sister was diagnosed at just 10 years old. She injected insulin with her sister when she was too young to do it herself. This is a direct result of all fast food and bad food. Then it is their parents who have, their grandfathers died of it, and she just resigned to the fact that she will be next. The power has not changed in the house, she is so sure he'll get what she is not fighting it, trying to eat healthier. It breaks your heart. If you are going to leave, Jamie is going to go home to talk with his family, to try to teach them to eat better.
Because you cannot enter the kitchen, you will work with students to demonstrate that anything is possible. They will work in creating a healthy lunch alternative, offering a group of students at school. Working with these children, only shows that have failed in the minds Deno, where it has been like this forever so it cannot be changed. These children will become the revolutionaries of food.
The weekend is working in their field of Petra Burger menu. He worked with a local butcher to find a burger affordable, healthy. After coming up with a few burger recipes, which took to the streets to see if the public liked and they would be willing to pay for them. There was a continuous line all the time I was there, with people paying anywhere from 5 to $ 15! To those Deno benefits of staying at its current level, your hamburgers will be sold at least to 4.80. After that, I do not think he will have a problem.
Jamie clock burgers only 480 calories, while Deno are 850 to 1500 calories. While they may be more expensive, and 4.85, which remains the same cost that Deno's most expensive hamburger. After a few orders of the Revolution of Jamie Burgers, might that be a success. After teaching the other employees of Petra Burgers how to make your special burgers, went through the drive through a couple of times to verify that they were doing it correctly. And while the burgers turned out great, Deno was put in a dash of strawberry syrup on top false natural ingredients "for a setback."
At the end of the day, Jamie thought their burgers were a big hit, but Deno seen as unsustainable. He keeps saying his client and the Americans are tough, we know that fast food and have been the same for decades. But it seemed that the burgers were selling, maybe it's just being stubborn. His father said he would not change the business, despite the dying of a disease related to diet. Deno may need to reassess their view of your restaurant?
Over the weekend, LAUSD canceled filming permit and have threatened to forcably remove by the police in case of foot in West Adams campus of preparation. Luckily, that morning MLA and LAUSD for it to work on campus to use your cooking class to feed a small group of students an alternative lunch. He cannot ask students how they feel about school lunches, otherwise it will be expelled. Jamie is angry that in this land of freedom "is not even allowed to talk to their children about the lunch program.
Next week, the LAUSD continues to struggle against him and his culinary arts program in preparation and Deno West Adams is not too interested in his work in Petra. Can he make any progress with these children?
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.


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I am not receiving submission emails.Asked by lbradstreet on December 17, 2015 at 10:38 AM
I am revising an old form. Did not change my email address, but have tested it with the preview and on our site - neither is working. It asks for smtp and I don't know what it wants.
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text:
Location! Location! Location!Only ONE space left at this desirable location in Sycamore, high traffic count intersection at Peace Rd & Rt 23.Plenty of windows w/2004 sq ft end cap space available, already finished space with 2 bathrooms.Near car dealership, 2 hotels, Walgreens, Farm & Fleet, Charter Fitness, Culvers, Jimmy Johns, Diner, Pizza Hut, and residential! Great visibility for signage and excellent parking.
The listing information set forth on this site is based upon information which we consider reliable, but because it has been supplied by third parties to our franchisees (who in turn supplied it to us) , we cannot represent that it is accurate or complete, and it should not be relied upon as such. The offerings are subject to errors, omissions, changes, including price, or withdrawal without notice. All dimensions are approximate and have not been verified by the selling party and cannot be verified by Sotheby's International Realty Affiliates LLC. It is recommended that you hire a professional in the business of determining dimensions, such as an appraiser, architect or civil engineer, to determine such information.


text:
Dear Brother Mat and Brother Mark,
Happy birthday!
Mark welcome to the other side of the mountain. Mat I bet your smiling?
I wish I could be there to have a drink with you two in the barn.
Dang! Wow ... 52 and 50. Wonderful and scary.
Photographs and text used on Tongue in Cheek belong to me, Corey Amaro unless linked otherwise. All rights reserved 2005-2017


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Talking Heads - Nothing But Flowers (HQ) MP3
From their 1988 album Naked.
Talking Heads - (Nothing but) Flowers MP3
Video from Talking Heads "Naked" 1988. Enjoy sound and vision.
Talking Heads - (Nothing But) Flowers - MP3
Talking Heads is an American new wave band (l975-1991). The song, "Nothing but flowers" comes from their last album, "Naked" (1988) This song is a satire in ...
David Byrne - Nothing But Flowers (Live at Union Chapel) MP3
David Byrne live at Union Chapel.
David Byrne - (Nothing But) Flowers, live 1992 MP3
Live at the Count Basie Theatre, Red Bank, NJ, Halloween 1992.
Guster - "(Nothing But) Flowers" - [Guster On Ice Live DVD] MP3
Taken from the Guster On Ice DVD, released May 18, 2004. The concert was in December 2003 over two nights of concerts at the State Theatre in Portland, ...
David Byrne sings "(Nothing But) Flowers" MP3
http://www.ted.com David Byrne sings the Talking Heads' 1988 hit, "(Nothing But) Flowers." He's accompanied by Thomas Dolby and string quartet Ethel, who ...
Caetano Veloso and David Byrne // [Nothing But] Flowers MP3
Live at Carnegie Hall. Caetano Veloso and David Byrne ®
(Nothing But) Flowers - Talking Heads - Lyrics MP3
Animated lyrics of the amazing song from Talking Heads called (Nothing But) Flowers.
Talking Heads - (Nothing But) Flowers MP3
1988, from the album Naked Decided to upload this since the official video wasn't on youtube and will likely continue to not be after The Man takes it down.
Nothing But Flowers - Motet Plays Talking Heads (10/30/08.L1) MP3
Halloween at the Fox Theatre, Boulder. The Motet is joined by; Kyle Hollingsworth (SCI): keys, Fuzz (Deep Banana Blackout): guitar, Jans Ingber: vocals and ...
Nothing But Flowers David Byrne feat Caetano Veloso MP3
Esse é um FANVIDEO com imagens cedidas pelo amigo e cineasta Brener Moraes e o ator e amigo Thiago Hausen. A música é do David Byrne (eterno Talking ...
Talking Heads - Nothing But Flowers Cover MP3
This is our acoustic rendition of the great song "(Nothing but) Flowers" by Talking Heads. David Byrne is a genius.
(Nothing But) Flowers ukulele cover MP3
David Byrne is a genius and I do him no justice...but I hope you enjoy anyways! P.S. If you couldn't tell, I recorded this on my iPhone to combat my computer's ...
Nothing But Flowers Talking Heads MP3
I do not own this vid.
Slidesong: Talking Heads - (Nothing But) Flowers (Lillywhite Mix) MP3
Another slidesong I've been wanting to make.
nothing but flowers MP3
caetano veloso flowers.
Talking Heads - Nothing, but Flowers MP3
"Nothing, but Flowers" is the fifth track from the 1988 Talking Heads album, "Naked" for Sire Records - song composed by David Byrne, Chris Franz, Jerry ...
HeartByrne - Nothing But Flowers - Talking Heads Hoot Nite - Austin, TX - Feb 15th, 2013 MP3
HeartByrne performs "Nothing But Flowers" by The Talking Heads Live From 02/15/13 Talking Heads Hoot Nite at Emo's in Austin, TX Video produced by ...
"Nothing But Flowers" David Byrne - The Tabernacle 2001-08-26.mpg MP3
Talking Heads - ( Nothing But) Flowers MP3
You got it!
TALKING HEADS - (Nothing but) flowers (LETRA) MP3
all rights reserved by copyright.grabación de sonido adminstrado pòr WMG Tema del álbum NAKED -1988.
Nothing But Flowers (Talking Heads cover) by Normal Jean MP3
I love David Byrne and the Talking Heads are one of the best bands of all time! I've been playing this song for a few years now on my electric. But i just recently ...
Pop Gun - (Nothing But) Flowers - Talking Heads (feat. sweet bass solo by Jeffrey Ciampa) MP3
Rumba Cafe - Columbus, Ohio - 12-23-13.
guster "nothing but flowers" live MP3
Beacon Theatre NYC 4.13.07.
Copilot-"Nothing But Flowers" Cover MP3
A practice session version of The Talking Heads' "Nothing But Flowers." Our cover is heavily inspired by the one Guster did.
Talking Heads Nothing But Flowers Acoustic Cover. MP3
Acoustic Cover of the Talking Heads song (Nothing But) Flowers.
Nothing But Flowers MP3
My sister Laura and I cover Nothing But Flowers, one of our all time fave tunes. We recorded it on Garage Band and Then I called my sister into the kitchen.


text:
Business Accounting 1 (v. 1)
Business Accounting is the world's bestselling textbook on bookkeeping and accounting. It provides students with a clear and straight forward introduction to the core techniques and skills required to fully understand the foundations of financial accounting. Each topic is back up by a wealth of worked examples, as well as a rich pool of self assessment material, so that students can monitor their own progress and understanding.
Please visit Help Page for Questions
regarding ISBN / ISBN-10 / ISBN10, ISBN-13 / ISBN13, EAN / EAN-13, and Amazon
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text:
Women's Multipacks
Channel your inner greedy-gal with our pick and mix of multipacks. Save on your essential lingerie sets, jersey basics and jewellery styles with packs of two and three. We want it all!
Something went wrong, we're working hard to fix it so please try again in a second or two.


text:
Compare Patent Infringement attorneys near you. Read reviews, see Avvo Ratings, and contact them directly.
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text:
- Brittany McKenzie
- 1 years ago
- Views:
1 ITERATIVE CHANNEL ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES FOR MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING SYSTEMS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences of İzmir Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Electrical and Electronics Engineering by İlhan BAŞTÜRK July 2007 İZMİR
2 We approve the thesis of İlhan BAŞTÜRK Date of Signature July 2007 Assist. Prof. Dr. Berna ÖZBEK Supervisor Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering İzmir Institute of Technology July 2007 Assist. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Aziz ALTINKAYA Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering İzmir Institute of Technology July 2007 Assist. Prof. Dr. Radosveta SOKULLU Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ege University July 2007 Prof. Dr. F.Acar SAVACI Head of Department Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering İzmir Institute of Technology Prof. Dr. M. Barış ÖZERDEM Head of the Graduate School
3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Asst. Prof. Dr. Berna Özbek for her valuable guidance and support. I am very proud that I had the chance to work with her. I would like to thank to the members of my Thesis Committee Asst. Prof. Dr. Radosveta Sokullu and Asst. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Altınkaya for their useful comments. I am deeply thankful to my parents Ahmet and Sabriye, and my brothers Mustafa and Hayati for their support and endless love through my life. Finally, I would like to thank my nieces Meliha and Burcu for making the hard times easier for me, with their joy and fun.
4 ABSTRACT ITERATIVE CHANNEL ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES FOR MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING SYSTEMS Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is well-known for its efficient high speed transmission and robustness to frequency-selective fading channels. On the other hand, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems have the ability to increase capacity and reliability of a wireless communication system compared to single-input single-output (SISO) systems. Hence, the integration of the two technologies has the potential to meet the ever growing demands of future communication systems. In these systems, channel estimation is very crucial to demodulate the data coherently. For a good channel estimation, spectral efficiency and lower computational complexity are two important points to be considered. In this thesis, we explore different channel estimation techniques in order to improve estimation performance by increasing the bandwidth efficiency and reducing the computational complexity for both SISO-OFDM and MIMO- OFDM systems. We first investigate pilot and Expectation-Maximization (EM)-based channel estimation techniques and compare their performances. Next, we explore different pilot arrangements by reducing the number of pilot symbols in one OFDM frame to improve bandwidth efficiency. We obtain the bit error rate and the channel estimation performance for these pilot arrangements. Then, in order to decrase the computational complexity, we propose an iterative channel estimation technique, which establishes a link between the decision block and channel estimation block using virtual subcarriers. We compare this proposed technique with EM-based channel estimation in terms of performance and complexity. These channel estimation techniques are also applied to STBC- OFDM and V-BLAST structured MIMO-OFDM systems. Finally, we investigate a joint EM-based channel estimation and signal detection technique for V-BLAST OFDM system. iv
5 ÖZET ÇOK-GİRİŞLİ ÇOK-ÇIKIŞLI DİK FREKANS BÖLMELİ ÇOĞULLAMA SİSTEMLERİ İÇİN DÖNGÜLÜ KANAL KESTİRİM TEKNİKLERİ Dik frekans bölmeli çoğullama (DFBÇ), yüksek iletişim hızı ve frekans seçici kanallara karşı dayanıklılığı nedeniyle tercih edilen bir yöntemdir. Diğer taraftan, çok-girişli çok-çıkışlı (ÇGÇG) anten sistemleri, tek-girişli tek-çıkışlı (TGTÇ) kablosuz haberleşme sistemleriyle karşılaştırıldığında kapasiteyi ve güvenilirliği arttırma yeteneğine sahiptir. Dolayısıyla, bu iki teknolojinin birleşmesi ile gelecek haberleşme sistemlerinin yüksek veri hızı ve kapasite gibi ihtiyaçları karşılanacaktır. Bu sistemlerde gönderilen verinin düzgün geri alınabilmesi için iyi bir kanal kestirimine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bant genişliğinin verimli kullanılması ve hesaplama karmaşıklığının düşürülmesi iyi bir kanal kestirimi için göz önünde bulundurulması gereken iki önemli kıstastır. Bu tezde, biz TGTÇ-DFBÇ sistemler ve ÇGÇG-DFBÇ sistemlerde performansı arttırmak için bant genişliğini hesaplı kullanan, karmaşıklığı az değişik kanal kestirim algoritmalarını araştırdık. İlk olarak, pilot semboller ve Beklenti En Büyükleme algoritması ile kanal kestirimi teknikleri üzerine çalıştık ve bunları performans açısından karşılaştırdık. Daha sonra bant genişliğini verimli kullanmak için bir DFBÇ çerçevesinde kullanılan pilot sembol sayısını düşürerek farklı pilot yerleşimlerini karşılaştırdık. Bu pilot yerleşimlerine ait bit hata oranı ve kanal kestirimi başarım sonuçlarını elde ettik. Sonraki aşamada DFBÇ sistem modelinde karar verme bloğu ve kanal kestirim bloğu arasında bağlantı kuran döngülü kanal kestirim tekniğini önerdik ve bu önerdiğimiz tekniği performans ve hesaplama karmaşıklığı açısından Beklenti En Büyükleme algoritmasıyla karşılaştırdık. Bu kanal kestirim tekniklerini ayrıca uzay-zaman blok kodlu (UZBK)- DFBÇ ve V-BLAST yapılı ÇGÇG-DFBÇ sistemlere de uyguladık. Son olarak V-BLAST yapılı ÇGÇG-DFBÇ sistemler için kanal kestirimini ve sinyal sezimini birleşik olarak gerçekleştirdik ve kestirilen kanal katsayılarını Beklenti En Büyükleme algoritması kullanarak düzeltmeye çalıştık. v
6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Overview Thesis Outline CHAPTER 2. BACKGROUND Wireless Channel Characteristics Multipath Fading Channel Model Flat Fading Channel Frequency-Selective Fading Channel Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) MIMO Systems Spatial Multiplexing (SM) V-BLAST Space Time Coding (STC) Space Time Block Coding (STBC) CHAPTER 3. ITERATIVE CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR OFDM SYSTEMS OFDM Channel Estimation Pilot Based Channel Estimation Overview System Model Expectation-Maximization (EM) Based Channel Estimation Overview System Model The Proposed Pilot-based iterative channel estimation.. 29 vi
7 Channel Estimation Performance Comparison for Different Pilot Arrangements Simulation Results CHAPTER 4. ITERATIVE CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR MIMO-OFDM SYSTEMS MIMO-OFDM System Model Space-Time Coded OFDM Systems Space-Time Block Coded OFDM V-BLAST Structured MIMO-OFDM Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Pilot-Based Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Systems EM-Based Joint Channel Estimation and Signal Detection for V-BLAST MIMO-OFDM Systems Simulation Results STBC-OFDM Simulation Results V-BLAST OFDM Simulation Results CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION REFERENCES vii
8 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure 2.1. Multipath Propagation Figure 2.2. Tap delay line filter model for frequency-selective fading channels. 9 Figure 2.3. (a) A wideband channel multiplied with frequency selective fading channel. (b) An OFDM signal multiplied with frequency selective fading channel Figure 2.4. Basic OFDM Transceiver Structure Figure 2.5. The MIMO wireless system Figure 2.6. Space time grids for (a) V-BLAST (b) D-BLAST Figure 2.7. Block Diagram of the V-BLAST architecture Figure 2.8. Alamouti STBC Block Diagram Figure 3.1. (a) Block type pilot arrangement. (b) Comb type pilot arrangement. 23 Figure 3.2. Two 1D pilot-based channel estimation Figure 3.3. OFDM Block diagram with channel estimation Figure 3.4. Lowpass filter structure Figure 3.5. OFDM receiver for proposed iterative channel estimation Figure 3.6. Group representation Figure 3.7. Pilot arrangement in the time-frequency lattices for Method Figure 3.8. Pilot arrangement in the time-frequency lattices for Method Figure 3.9. BER versus E b /N 0 for QPSK-OFDM Figure MSE versus E b /N 0 for QPSK-OFDM Figure Comparison of BER for two methods Figure Comparison of channel estimation performance for two methods.. 37 Figure Comparison for number of iterations Figure Tracking channel variations in time for Method 1 and Method Figure BER comparison of the proposed and EM algorithm Figure MSE performance comparison of the proposed and EM algorithm.. 43 Figure 4.1. MIMO-OFDM System Model viii
9 Figure 4.2. Alamouti STBC-OFDM System Model Figure 4.3. V-BLAST OFDM System Model Figure 4.4. Pilot Symbol Pattern for an example OFDM transmitter diversity N t = Figure 4.5. Superimposed Pilot Symbol Pattern for OFDM transmitter diversity N t = Figure 4.6. BER performance of the pilot-based channel estimation for STBC- OFDM Figure 4.7. MSE performance of the pilot-based channel estimation for STBC- OFDM Figure 4.8. BER performance of the STBC-OFDM Figure 4.9. MSE performance of the STBC-OFDM Figure Pilot arrangement for STBC-OFDM sequential channel estimation. 62 Figure Different pilot arrangement BER comparison for STBC-OFDM Figure Different pilot arrangement MSE comparison for STBC-OFDM Figure Tracking the channel variations of Method 1 in time for STBC-OFDM 65 Figure Tracking the channel variations of Method 2 in time for STBC-OFDM 66 Figure BER for the V-BLAST structured MIMO-OFDM Figure MSE for the V-BLAST structured MIMO-OFDM Figure Comparison of BER of two methods for the V-BLAST MIMO-OFDM 69 Figure Comparison of MSE of two methods for the V-BLAST MIMO-OFDM 70 Figure Tracking the channel variations of Method 1 in time for V-BLAST OFDM Figure Tracking the channel variations of Method 2 in time for V-BLAST OFDM Figure V-BLAST OFDM BER performance for joint channel estimation.. 73 Figure V-BLAST OFDM MSE performance for joint channel estimation.. 74 ix
10 LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 2.1. Alamouti s coding method Table 3.1. Comparison of Method 1 and Method Table 3.2. Comparison of Method 1 and Proposed pilot-aided algorithm Table 4.1. Simulation parameters for STBC-OFDM Table 4.2. Comparison of Method 1 and Method 2 for STBC-OFDM Table 4.3. Comparison of Method 1 and Method 2 for V-BLAST MIMO-OFDM 71 x
11 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AWGN BLAST BER CIR CP CRLB CSI D-BLAST DAB DFT DVB-T EM FFT iid ICI IFFT ISI LAN LOS LS MAN MIMO ML MMSE MSE OFDM PDP PSK QAM Additive white Gaussian Noise Bell Labs layered space-time Bit error rate Channel impulse response Cyclic prefix Cramer-Rao lower bound Channel state information Diagonal BLAST Digital audio broadcasting Discrete fourier transform Digital video broadcasting-terresterial Expectation-maximization Fast Fourier transform Independent and identically distributed Intercarrier interference Inverse Fast Fourier transform Intersymbol interference Local area network Line-of-sight Least square Metropolitan area network Multiple-input multiple-output Maximum-likelihood Minimum mean squared error Mean squared error Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Power delay profile Phase shift keying Qadrature amplitude modulation xi
12 rms SISO SM SNR STBC STC STTC SVD V-BLAST ZF Root mean squared Single-input single-output Spatial multiplexing Signal-to-noise ratio Space-time block code Space-time code Space-time Trellis code Singular value decomposition Vertical BLAST Zero forcing xii
13 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Overview High data rates are required for the future wireless communication systems to deliver multimedia services such as data, voice, image etc. However, the limited bandwidth and wireless channel impairments such as multipath propagation put some limitations to these systems. Multipath is the result of reflection of wireless signals by objects in the environment between the transmitter and receiver. Thus, the transmitted signal arrives at the receiver through multiple paths, with different attenuations, time delays and phases and this causes deep fades in signal strength. One way to effectively combat the multipath channel impairments and still provide high-data rates in a limited bandwidth is use of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation method (Cimini 1985). OFDM is a special case of multi-carrier modulation technique. It is very attractive because of its high spectral efficiency and simple one-tap equalizer structure, as it splits the entire bandwidth into a number of overlapping narrow band subchannels requiring lower symbol rates. Furthermore, the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and intercarrier interference (ICI) can be easily eliminated by inserting a cyclic prefix (CP) to each transmitted OFDM symbol. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems adopt multi antenna arrays either on the transmitter side or receiver side. The MIMO techniques can be implemented to obtain a capacity gain in rich scattering environments without increasing the bandwidth or transmit power and to obtain the diversity gain to combat signal fading. Thus, these systems gained considerable interest in recent years. Many researchers explored the Space-Time Coding (STC) techniques and Spatial Multiplexing (SM) techniques to achieve capacity and diversity gain. The two forms of STC, Space-Time Trellis Code (STTC) is given in (Tarokh et al. 1998) and Space-Time Block Code is given in (Alamouti 1998). SM techniques as vertical BLAST (Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time) is given in (Wolniansky et al. 1998) and diagonal BLAST is given in (Foschini 1996). In layered systems, the input data stream is demultiplexed, independently encoded using 1
14 one-dimensional coding, and sent via different transmit antennas simultaneously. The received signal from each substream is separated by nulling according to zero-forcing (ZF) or minimum mean square-error (MMSE) criterion and successive interference cancellation (SIC). The STC and BLAST systems are generally designed for flat fading channel types. However, many communication channels are frequency-selective fading in nature. A simple solution for this situation is to use OFDM, which converts frequency-selective fading channel into many narrow flat fading channels. Thus, the combination of MIMO and OFDM is a strong candidate for the future wireless communication systems. The MIMO systems combined with OFDM in the time domain are using space-time trellis coded (STTC)-OFDM (Agrawal et al. 1998, Lu and Wang 2000) or space-time block coded (STBC)-OFDM systems (Lee and Williams 2000). These communication systems require a good channel estimate to demodulate the transmitted data coherently. Thus, channel estimation for single-input single-output (SISO)-OFDM and MIMO-OFDM systems has become a good research area in recent years. For SISO-OFDM systems, pilot-symbol aided channel estimation (Coleri et al. 2002) and blind channel estimation are two main channel estimation techniques used in the literature. Pilot-aided channel estimation technique is more reliable, less complex but spectrally inefficient. In order to estimate the channel coefficients for pilot-aided technique, estimation algorithms such as Least Squares (LS) or Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) (Van de Beek et al. 1995) and interpolation techniques are used in time and frequency axes. Many different algorithms are also studied in order to improve the channel estimation performance in the literature. Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm (Dempster et al. 1977), which is a technique for finding the maximum-likelihood estimates of system parameters in the presence of unobserved data, is one of these algorithms. It is used for OFDM systems in (Ma et al. 2004). For MIMO-OFDM systems these techniques are also applied to estimating the channel (Barhumi et al. 2003). However, channel estimation for MIMO-OFDM systems is not as easy as for SISO-OFDM systems. In a MIMO system, multiple channels have to be estimated simultaneously. The increased number of channel unknowns significantly increases the computational complexity of the channel estimation algorithm. In this thesis, we focus on different channel estimation techniques to improve the 2
15 estimation accuracy by using the bandwidth efficient techniques and reducing the computational complexity for SISO-OFDM and MIMO-OFDM systems. Firstly, we explore pilot based channel estimation and EM-based channel estimation techniques and study on different methods which have different pilot arrangements. Then, we propose a spectrally efficient channel estimation technique for SISO-OFDM systems with lower complexity and compare it to EM-based channel estimation. Then, we modify these estimation techniques and apply them to STBC-OFDM and V-BLAST structured MIMO-OFDM systems. Finally, we give the performance of these algorithms in terms of mean squared error (MSE), bit error rate (BER) and complexity comparing iteration numbers for EM algorithm Thesis Outline In chapter 2, background information on wireless communication channels is provided. Also, an introduction to OFDM and MIMO systems is given. Space-Time coding and Spatial mutiplexing techniques are expressed in detail. In chapter 3, an overview is given for OFDM channel estimation. Then, channel estimation techniques such as pilot-based and EM-based are defined and the performance results are compared. After that, two different methods with different number of pilots and pilot arrangement structure are designed and the performance results are compared (Baştürk and Özbek 2007). Finally, an iterative channel estimation technique with virtual subcarriers is proposed and the performance results are compared to EM-based channel estimation. In chapter 4, MIMO-OFDM systems are examined in detail, including Space- Time Block Codes (STBC) and Vertical BLAST (V-BLAST) OFDM system models. Then, channel estimation techniques are explained for MIMO-OFDM systems and simulation results belonging to STBC-OFDM and V-BLAST structured OFDM channel estimation are given. In chapter 5, a conclusion of the work directions presented in this thesis is given and some possible future works are suggested to extend this research. 3
16 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND This chapter provides background on some of the fundamental concepts. The characteristics of the wireless communication channel are described in section 2.1, followed by an overview of OFDM in section 2.2. Finally, the background on MIMO systems are described in section Wireless Channel Characteristics The characteristics of the wireless communication channel between transmitter and receiver controls the performance of the overall system. Thus, in order to model a wireless communication system we first need to understand the wireless characteristics so that a correct channel model can be developed. In this section, the mobile radio environment which will be used in this thesis is introduced. There are two types of fading effects called as large-scale fading and small-scale fading that characterize mobile communications (Rappaport 1996). Large-scale fading represents the average signal power attenuation or path-loss due to the motion over large areas. In this type of fading the receiver is shadowed by obstacles between the tranmitterreceiver pair. Small-scale fading is used to describe the rapid fluctuations of the amplitude of a radio signal over a short period of time or travel distance. Multipath propagation and Doppler shift are the physical factors influencing small-scale fading. The transmitted signal could arrive at the receiver through multiple paths, with different attenuations, time delays and phases and this is called multipath. This effect results in constructive or destructive summation of the transmitted signal and causes a significant attenuation to the signal strenght. Furthermore, a relative motion between the transmitter and receiver also causes significant attenuations of the signal power within a short period of time which is called Doppler shift. With all these impairments, it is very challenging to overcome this time varying nature of the multipath wireless channel. In this thesis, small-scale fading effect will be examined and large-scale fading effect of the channel will not be considered. Next, we will describe the multipath fading 4
17 effect in detail Multipath Fading Channel Model Multipath fading effect occurs in almost all environments in wireless communications. In built up urban areas, fading occurs because the height of the mobile antennas are lower than the height of surrounding structures, so there is no single line-of-sight (LOS) path to the receiver. Thus, as shown in Figure 2.1, the transmitted signal arrives at the receiver through many different paths due to reflection, refraction or diffraction over large objects. Hence a reliable channel model must be defined to study on wireless communication system. Figure 2.1. Multipath Propagation Multipath fading channels have been modelled and simulated for the first time in the 1950s and early 1960s (Bello 1963, Clarke 1968, Jakes 1974). According to these channel models the multipath channel is a summation of the transmitted signal replicas with different amplitudes, propagation delays, phases and angles of arrival. The impulse response of the mobile channel is very important while modelling the multipath channel. It is a wideband characterization and contains all information necessary to simulate or analyze any type of radio transmission through the channel. It can also be used to predict or compare the performance of many different mobile communication systems. The channel impulse response (CIR) of the multipath channel is modelled as, 5
18 L 1 h(t, τ) = α l (t)e jθl(t) δ(τ τ l (t)) (2.1) l=0 where α l (t) is the real amplitude and θ l (t) is the phase value of the lth multipath component at time t, τ l is the excess time that belongs to lth path. L is the total number of multipath components and δ is the unit impulse function that determines the specific excess delay of a multipath at time t. If the channel impulse response is assumed to be constant over the transmission, it is simplified as follows, L 1 h(τ) = α l e jθ l δ(τ τ l ). (2.2) l=0 The amplitudes of paths, which arrive at the receiver at the same time delay with different phases, could add constructively or destructively. Also, within a short period of time the phases of these paths may change. Thus, the resulting amplitude of the channel at a particular time delay could vary within a short time interval. When there are many paths, having independent amplitudes and phases, the channel impulse response h(t, τ) can be modelled as a complex Gaussian random process based on the central limit theorem. Furthermore, if there is no LOS component from the transmitter to the receiver, the amplitude of the channel can be modelled as Rayleigh fading channel. However, if there is a dominant LOS component, it can be modelled as Ricean fading channel. In this thesis, we will focus on Rayleigh fading channels. The power and delay of each path can be determined by the power-delay profile (PDP) which is generally represented as plots of relative received power as a function of delay spread with respect to time. There are several parameters, which also can be derived from PDP, used for characterizing the wireless channel. Mean excess delay is a time dispersion parameter given as: τ d = L P (τ l )τ l l=1 L P (τ l ) l=1 (2.3) where P (τ l ) is the power of the lth path and τ l is the arrival time of the lth path and also named the delay of the lth path. The root mean squared (rms) delay spread is a second time dispersion parameter, given as: 6
19 where σ τd = τ 2 d ( τ d ) 2 (2.4) τ 2 d = L l=1 P (τ l )τ 2 l L P (τ l ) l=1. (2.5) Typical values of the rms delay spread are on the order of microseconds in outdoor mobile radio channels and on the order of nanoseconds in indoor radio channels (Rappaport 1996). While the delay spread is a natural phenomenon caused by reflected and scattered propagation paths in the radio channel, the coherence bandwidth is a defined relation derived from the rms delay spread. Coherence bandwidth is a statistical measure of the range of frequencies over which the channel can be considered flat. In other words, coherence bandwidth is the range of frequencies over which two frequency components have a strong potential for amplitude correlation. Two sinusoids with frequemcy seperation greater than B c are affected quite differently by the channel. If the coherence bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth over which the frequency correlation function is above 0.9, then the coherence bandwidth can be defined in terms of rms delay spread as (Rappaport 1996) : B c = 1 50σ τd. (2.6) A more relaxed definition where the frequency correlation function is above 0.5 yields approximately as: B c = 1 5σ τd. (2.7) Using the coherence bandwidth parameters multipath channel can be categorized into flat or frequency selective fading channels. The parameters expressed above do not contain any information about the time varying nature of the channel caused by either relative motion between the transmitter and the receiver, or by the moving obstacles in the channel. Doppler spread and coherence time are parameters for describing the time varying nature of the channel. The spectral broadening caused by the time rate of change of the mobile radio channel is measured 7
20 by Doppler spread. As a time domain dual of the Doppler spread, coherence time is a statistical measure of the time duration over which the channel impulse response is invariant. These two parameters are inversely proportional to each other. If the coherence time is defined as the time over which the time correlation function is above 0.5, then the coherence time is T c = 9 16πf d (2.8) where f d = (v/c)f c is the Doppler spread or Doppler frequency, v is the velocity of the mobile, f c is the carrier frequency and c is the speed of the light. Multipath fading channels can be categorized into fast or slow fading using coherence time parameters. The channel is called slow fading, if T s < T c where T s is symbol period and T c is the coherence time. This type of channel has low Doppler spread and the impulse response of the channel changes at a rate much slower than the transmitted signal. When T s > T c, then the channel is said to be fast fading. This type of channel has high Doppler spread and the channel impulse response of the channel changes rapidly within the symbol duration. In the following section flat fading and frequency-selective fading channels, which are expressed before, will be defined in detail Flat Fading Channel A channel is called flat fading when the transmitted symbol duration is much larger than the time dispersion of the channel ( T s >> τ d, where T s is the symbol duration and τ d is the maximum delay spread), such that the multipath can not be resolved to more than one symbol time. In the frequency domain, a flat fading channel has a constant amplitude and linear phase response over the transmitted signal bandwidth (where the condition B c >> B s is satisfied, with B s being the transmission bandwidth). The spectral characteristic of the transmitted signal is preserved at the receiver for this fading type. In a flat fading channel, the CIR can be written as: h(t) = α(t)e jθ(t) (2.9) where α(t) is Rayleigh distributed for the channel without LOS path, and is Ricean distributed when LOS path exists and θ(t) is uniformly distributed. 8
21 Frequency-Selective Fading Channel When the transmitted signal bandwidth is greater than the coherence bandwidth of the channel (B c B s ), the spectral characteristics of the signal cannot be maintained. In this case, the channel applies different gains or attenuations to different frequency components of the transmitted signal, causing spectral distortion in the signal. This kind of channel is called frequency-selective fading channel. From the time domain perspective, the symbol period is shorter than the rms delay spread. The channel will spread the signal beyond the symbol period and induce intersymbol interference (ISI) onto the next transmitted symbol. Using proper pulse shaping and matched filter at the receiver, the frequency-selective fading channel can be modelled as a tapped delay line with filter lenght L t as shown in Figure 2.2. Figure 2.2. Tap delay line filter model for frequency-selective fading channels Then the frequency-selective fading channels can be represented as: h(t, τ) = L t 1 l=0 h l (t)δ(τ lt s ) (2.10) where h l (t) is the complex path coefficient of the lth tap at time t whose amplitude is Rayleigh and phase is uniformly distributed, T s is the symbol period. Frequency-selective 9
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text:
Admire the most beautiful places of Recanati and add them to your basket. YAMGU will create your trip considering distances, opening hours and weather.
Visit the 18th-century Palazzo Leopardi, birthplace of the poet, still inhabited by his descendants and located in piazza "Saturday the village" and admire the exhibition of objects and manuscripts by writer enables you to retrace the life, to understand the training.
The palazzo Leopardi Recanati overlooks the pitch that took the name from a famous opera by James, "on Saturday to the village". The current structure does not hit for a particular grandeur, but for its simple lines and elegant and you have the last restoration, performed in the 18th century by the architect Carlo Orazio Leopards,
Villa Colloredo Mels was purchased by the city of Recanati, who has opened in 1998 the musei civici di Recanati, divided into various sections with evidence documenting the history and art of Recanati from prehistory to the present day. It is divided into five sections: the archaeological section, which allows to know the organisation of a Neolithic community (6th millennium BC) until the iron age; the medieval section documenting the life of the city in the heyday includes, in addition to some high-quality paintings, the aforementioned Bull of Frederick II, with the rare golden seal, the St.
Inaugurated at the end of 2003, the Museum is currently the only brand that deals with painters of emigration. It consists of a pictorial section, where there are works by artists recanatesi and a section devoted to graphics. The Museum contains works of great importance; among the artists names: Virgilio Guidi, Domenico Purificato, Cesare Peruzzi. Two wings of the complex are: a monographic exhibition dedicated to Vladimir Tulli and Lorenzo Gigli, artist lived and died recanatese in Argentina. The Museum entrance is located the "wall", a work created by over seventy artists from all over the
The National Centre of studies Leopardiani was born in 1937 with the purpose of spreading the work of Giacomo Leopardi in Italy and in the world. In addition to a library consists of a museum divided into three basic sections: the first comprises a bio-bibliographical excursus on the poet presenting documentaries relating to his city, to family, to life and the environment in which he lived. A second section collects some of the paintings and graphics owned by the Center inspired by the poet. A third section contains audiovisual media for a presentation of Leopards more original and welcome to
The Museum is housed in the premises of the old Bishop's Palace, ancient building dating from 1240, which, after several renovations, was restored in 1957 to house the collection of sacred art Diocesan. The building is still annexed the Papal prisons including a guard room, a great room and two cells. The Museum is divided into two large rooms accessed through an artistic inlaid panels of door recanatese Vitaliano Benedettucci (1957). The collections of paintings, statues, ornaments and vestments that represent the artistic heritage of the Museum, come from churches and the sacristies o


text:
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text:
- Advantage Behavioral Health Systems26.Jan 2016
- Employee
Challenging Work
Given some of the diagnosis and some of the other individual issues surrounding the clients, the job could be very challenging. However, upon completion of their unique goals and watching their pride and self-worth come back to them made it all worth it. I was proud to be a part of their lives rebuilding.
Suggestions for improvement
- Try to take notice even beyond the regular meetings to make sure all of the employees are doing ok. If a usually productive and eager employee starts cutting back, or begins to make unusual decisions investigate to see what the problem is. Even in personal matters, offer suggestions and insist on them getting help from others if a persistent problem could be seen as hindering or risk them losing their job.


text:
September 2
Expand Messages
Ardent prayers, please, for Sr. Lany Jo and for her Mom, who is
dying. Prayers, too, for Pam, the ICU patient for whom we prayed and
for her family. She has died. God's will is best. All is mercy and
grace. Thanks so much! NRN JL
January 2, May 3, September 2
Prologue (continued)
Let us arise, then, at last,
for the Scripture stirs us up, saying,
"Now is the hour for us to rise from sleep" (Rom. 18:11).
Let us open our eyes to the deifying light,
let us hear with attentive ears
the warning which the divine voice cries daily to us,
"Today if you hear His voice,
harden not your hearts" (Ps. 94:8).
And again,
"Whoever has ears to hear,
hear what the Spirit says to the churches" (Matt. 11-15; Apoc. 2:7).
And what does He say?
"Come, My children, listen to Me;
I will teach you the fear of the Lord" (Ps. 33:12).
"Run while you have the light of life,
lest the darkness of death overtake you" (John 12:35).
Check out the similarities of this section, at the beginning of the
Holy Rule, and the readings of early Lent, which stress that "now is
the acceptable time." It brings to mind St. Benedict's later chapter
which says that the monastic life ought always to have some semblance
of Lent.
That perpetual Lent chapter is the source of a lot of grumbling about
austerity from one camp and cheering about it from another. Both may
have missed a salient point. Perhaps the greatest element of
perpetual Lent has less to do with austerity- even the monastic fast
did not last all year. What IS perpetually in style is wakefulness
and self-examination.
Monastic life withers in either smugness or a rut. What St. Benedict
wants us to do is always to try and stay at that serious moment of
taking inventory that many of us feel at Lent's beginning. We need to
always be checking what needs to be cleaned up and we need to be
prepared, even a bit eager, to start working on it. This is why a
daily examination of conscience is so necessary. Compline, the
traditional liturgical place for such examens, is a very apt place
for same. As we prepare for sleep, which prefigures death, we prepare
also for death, by examining our faults and asking forgiveness.
The Holy Rule, like Lent, is by no means the gateway to an easier
life, but to a holier one. As we actually grow in holiness much of it
will become easier, more natural to us. But until that time, it is a
struggle and, in unconquered areas, it remains something of a
struggle for all of our lives. What's hard about that struggle isn't
fasting or penance, but changing ourselves. Austere practices are
just a means to that end, not ends in themselves.
The whole idea of Lent and the Holy Rule is lasting change for the
better. Lent is a seasonal construct to get us to begin anew, the
Holy Rule says that beginning anew must be a daily thing. Lent is an
attempt to get us to do for forty days what we ought to have been
doing all year. The Holy Rule is a way to do what we ought to do all
year, every day.
"Let us arise..." Not by accident does St. Benedict use the metaphor
of sleep in this passage. While it should be a real no-brainer that
one has to be awake to listen, this speaks directly to a necessary
condition of the Benedictine listener: profound change at the very
beginning of listening.
Ever wake from a sleep so deep (and refreshing!) that you had to
start by remembering your name, let alone what day it was? Ever find
yourself, upon waking, in a vague twilight zone that only slowly
sifts through the restless or frightening dreams that have passed and
the truth of reality that surrounds you? It is of just such an
awakening that St. Benedict speaks. When our ears finally open and
our eyes light upon the Holy Rule, even the difference at the start
in us is as great as that between night and day, as between the
phantasms of sleep and the light of day.
Three times a year the Holy Rule bids us to wake up, get out of bed
and listen. Each time should be a daybreak for all of us, from the
rankest postulant to the oldest jubilarian. We should come to welcome
those awakenings, realizing that sometimes awaking from dreams is a
tremendous relief! Think of the times a horrible nightmare has left
you utterly ecstatic at waking to learn its falsity!
Sleep prefigures death, as the most casual perusal of Compline's
prayers will demonstrate. St Benedict and Christ place before us
death and life, phantasm and reality, confused darkness and deifying
daybreak. Choose life, choose light, choose truth. They are better
than the very best of dreams, because Jesus said: "I am the Truth"
and "I am the Light."
Love and prayers,
Jerome, OSB
Petersham, MA
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