text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 14, 1995
|Filing date
|Jun 30, 1993
|Priority date
|Jun 30, 1993
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Anatole Lokshin, David E. Burchfield, David H. Tracy
|Original Assignee
|Orbital Sciences Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (38), Classifications (14), Legal Events (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of Invention
The identification and quantification of a chemical vapor in a vapor mixture by the physical parameters of a sensor which change upon exposure to the vapor mixture.
2. Prior Art
[1] W. Patrick Garey, Bruce R. Kowalski, "Chemical Piezoelectric Sensor and Sensor Array Characterization", Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 3077-3084.
[2] Susan L. Rose-Pehrsson, Jay W. Grate, David S. Ballantine, Jr., Peter C. Juts, "Detection of Hazardous vapors Including Mixtures Using Pattern Recognition Analysis of Responses from Surface Acoustic Wave Devices", Anal Chem 1988, 60, 2801-2811.
[3] Pyke et al., "Apparatus and Method for Early Detection and Identification of Dilute Chemical Vapors", U.S. Pat. No. 4,895,017, Jan. 23, 1990.
This invention relates to an apparatus and method for sensing and identifying the chemical vapor and resolving a chemical composition of a vapor mixture and is specifically directed to an apparatus and method which uses the physical parameter changes of a sensor when exposed to the vapor mixture to identify a particular compound in the chemical vapor mixture, and to determine concentration of one or more components in the mixture. This invention includes a method for discriminating instrument responses to chemical vapors from instrument noise and chemical interferant noise sources.
This invention will be explained in connection with the use of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors but it should be understood that this invention may be used with any sensor which will react upon exposure to a chemical vapor.
While some of the definitions hereinbelow are prior art, for the purposes of facilitating the description of this invention, the following definitions will apply:
SAW sensor--a pair of SAW oscillators (SAWs). One, called sample SAW is coated with a selected coating material and periodically exposed to the sample air and another, called reference SAW, is not coated or, if coated, is not exposed.
SAW signal--one cycle difference in frequency oscillation between a sample and a reference SAW, i.e., the measurement of oscillation frequencies as the SAWs are first exposed to clean air, then subjected to a contaminated atmosphere, and finally re-exposed to clean air.
SAW array--a set of several SAW sensors with different coatings on the sample SAWs or a set of several SAW sensors having the same coating or different coatings or any combination of coatings on the sample SAWs with each SAW sensor held at the same temperature or at different temperatures from the others.
Compound--a chemical that can produce a non-negligible signal on a SAW sensor.
Target Compounds--those chemicals whose presence or concentrations need to be determined in an air stream, and to which a selected SAW sensor is designed to be responsive.
Contaminants--compounds other than target compounds present in the sample air stream, also called interferants.
Mixture--all the compounds contained in the sampled air stream.
Noise--a signal observed when the sample air stream and a reference air stream are the same air. Also, a signal, either instrumental or caused by an interferant in the sampled air, that may be interpreted as a target compound response.
Sensitivity--Signal-to-noise ratio at a signal produced by a unit concentration of a compound of interest. For the fingerprint method, it is an amplitude of the steady state part of a signal produced by a unit concentration.
Characteristic transient, characteristic response of a chemical--noise free, one cycle signal (or any part of thereof) produced by a unit concentration of this chemical at a given SAW.
Characteristic spectrum of a chemical--a vector consisting of the characteristic transients from all the sensors of a SAW array.
It is recognized that a SAW measures air concentrations of a particular compound by changing its resonant frequency in the presence of additional mass on the coated SAW surface. The target compound sorbs into a selective coating on the surface of the SAW, equilibrating the activity (or concentration) of the compound in the coating film with the activity (or partial pressure) of the target compound in the air. The resulting frequency shift is proportional to the added surface mass density at a steady state equilibrium [1]. To allow multiple measurements, the coating material needs to have a reversible response, namely, after a target compound is removed from the air stream, the frequency shift (between the coated and uncoated SAWs) should return to zero (only with the baseline removed) as the target compound desorbs from the SAW coating. Therefore, SAW sensor measurements are done in cycles where a SAW sensor is exposed alternately to analyzed and reference (nominally uncontaminated) air streams. A typical SAW sensor output signal is shown in FIG. 4.
Each measurement cycle, as shown in FIG. 6, (which is one of the measurement signals in FIGS. 4 and 5) has a loading phase (curve A) when a compound penetrates into the coating, a steady state phase (curve B) when compound concentration in the coating reaches equilibrium with t e compound concentration in the air above the coating, and an unloading phase (curve C) during which the chemical is washed out of the surface coating by a stream of reference air. The loading and unloading phases are present in any cycle, but a steady state phase sometimes is not reached because the exposure time of the SAW coating to a chemical is too short compared to the mass transport and diffusion rates for that chemical in the system.
Different coatings may have different sensitivities toward different compounds. When it is possible to find a set of coating materials with very high selectivity toward particular compounds, then a SAW array comprising more than one SAW sensor with different coatings on the sample SAW of each SAW sensor can resolve a mixture of several compounds. The normal arrangement of a SAW array is to have almost as many SAW sensors as there are different compounds in the mixture with each sample SAW possessing a different coating with a high selectivity toward one of the compounds in the mixture.
It is to be understood that a SAW array may be a set of more than one SAW sensor, each with the same coating, or different coatings, or a combination of coatings on the sample SAWs, and which are held at the same temperature or at different temperatures so as to be sensitive to each of the compounds of interest. The steady state response of a SAW array to each of the compounds of interest is called the compound's "fingerprint" on this particular SAW array.
Currently, there are two major methods for processing SAW data.
A. Fingerprint Method: one data point per SAW
The existing SAW sensors use a steady state frequency shift of one measurement cycle (curve B in FIG. 6). Then a maximum of frequency shift (FIG. 7), or an integral of a one cycle frequency shift (FIG. 8), is used. This produces one data point per SAW sensor per measurement cycle.
The current state of the art uses N-dimensional cluster analysis to separate target compound signals from those signals due to contaminants or interferants [2]. By significant computational efforts, it is often possible to increase the number of possible contaminants (using the same number of SAW sensors) by 20% to 30%. Usually, several similar contaminants are grouped into one class by observing that their "fingerprints" occupy the same region in an N-dimensional space.
The cluster analysis method is computationally expensive and does not give significant savings in the number of SAW sensors needed for multicomponent separation.
Also, the method discriminates compounds based on their steady state responses on the SAW array. This need for a steady state response requires a measurement time which is long, especially for small concentrations of the components of interest.
B. Analysis based on Time Constant Determination
An alternative method [3], instead of relying exclusively on the steady state (static) characteristic, tries to make use of some dynamic information. The method introduces one more parameter--the target compound sorption time constant τ. This method relies on an explicit sorption model ##EQU1## where Mo is the mass sorbed at a steady state, and R is a constant depending on a rate of air flow. In this case, each SAW sensor produces two data points that are characteristic for a given compound and its concentration: diffusion time constant τ and a steady state sorption Mo. Since an explicit form of an sorption transient is used, both characteristic constants τ and Mo can be determined before a steady state is achieved. This allows a reduction in measurement time and provides an early determination of a target compound concentration before a steady state response is reached. In addition, the sorption time constant gives an extra degree of freedom to determine which component is present in the air stream.
However, the time constant method requires the SAW coatings to have a very selected sensitivity to the target compounds. When several compounds are present, equation (1) becomes a sum of several exponents: ##EQU2##
Equation (2) has 3�K unknown parameters: Mok, Rk, τk : k=l . . . K; where K is the number of different compounds in the air stream. M (t), the mass of analyts sorbed at time t is nonlinear with respect to unknown parameters and becomes unmanageable for large K. Since the instrument response is to first order linear with sorbed analyt mass, the complex behavior of mixtures leads to unmanageable data analysis.
An object of this invention is to decrease the number of different SAW sensors necessary for mixture resolution, to relax the requirement for high steady state selectivity for each coating, and to significantly improve the overall sensitivity of the system.
This invention involves the calibration of a selected sample SAW of a SAW sensor with respect to the target compound and the detection and quantification of the target compound in a gas mixture by the use of the SAW sensor. This also allows a mixture resolution by using a number of calibrated SAW sensors smaller than the number of different compounds in the analyzed mixture.
In the calibration mode, an average one cycle response of a SAW sensor to a particular target compound is determined by directing a mixture having a known concentration of this particular target compound over the sample SAW. The output from this SAW sensor is processed for each target compound to provide a set of vectors xi wherein each vector represents an average one cycle response per unit concentration of the i-th target compound. These vectors are called "characteristic transients". The vectors xi make up the columns of the calibration matrix X, defining the instrument response to all compounds of interest.
In the detection mode, a mixture having compounds of unknown concentrations can be determined using a single calibrated SAW or a SAW array comprising the plurality of the previously calibrated SAW sensors and by applying multidimensional statistics or filtering methods to the output of the single calibrated SAW or calibrated SAW array.
This invention does not rely solely on the steady state frequency shift as in the "fingerprint method" or on an explicit model of the sorption process as in the "time constant" method. This invention instead uses an overall transient shape, or a part thereof, to resolve a particular gas mixture. The transient response is determined by the instrument, and is defined as the instrument transfer function convolved with the compound concentrations. Stated another way, this invention uses the whole or a part of a one cycle frequency shift as an n-dimensional vector data and then applies any of the known methods, such as multidimensional statistical methods and/or linear or non-linear filtering methods to this data to resolve a multicomponent mixture.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, this invention, when compared to the fingerprint method, is an improvement thereover in that:
a. Instead of a one data point per cycle, this method uses a vector which represents the whole cycle or a part thereof. Therefore, a mixture can be separated by using fewer SAW sensors since the method increases dimensionality of the sampling space,
b. There is no need to wait for a steady state response, and
c. There are much milder requirements on selectivity of the individual SAW sensors since there are more degrees of freedom in the data obtained with the fingerprint method which has one degree of freedom per SAW sensor.
As will also be apparent, this invention, when compared to the time constant method, is an improvement thereover in that this invention:
a. does not use any parametric model for the physical phenomena,
b. uses the whole cycle or any part of it instead of a loading phase only,
c. uses a characteristic spectrum of a mixture which is a linear combination of the characteristic spectra of the individual components while a time constant of a mixture is not a linear combination of the individual time constants,
d. does not require a high selectivity of the SAW coating,
e. provides a number of degrees of freedom per SAW and is not predetermined to 2 but can be determined from the available data, e.g., via Singular Value Decomposition of a calibration matrix X,
f. complicated mixtures can be separated using a fewer number of SAW sensors, and
g. there is no need for a parameter estimation procedure.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a SAW sensor for calibration of the sample SAW and/or for detection of target compound in a gas mixture using the calibrated sample SAW,
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a SAW sensor with one coated SAW exposed to the sampled air, and the second SAW, either coated or uncoated, exposed to air filtered to remove contaminants,
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a SAW array comprising a set of SAW sensors with sample SAWs of the same or different coatings or a combination of coatings with each SAW sensor being held at the same or different temperatures,
FIG. 3a is a block diagram of a SAW array with a heat conductive bar to provide a linear temperature gradient heat control,
FIG. 4 shows the raw SAW sensor output signal for TBP (tributyl phosphate) vapors of three concentrations,
FIG. 5 shows the SAW output signal of FIG. 4 with the baseline drift removed,
FIG. 6 is a typical one cycle signal with a baseline removed, i.e., one cycle of the signal of FIGS. 4 and 5,
FIG. 7 shows the sensor response to ethanol, water, acetone, and TBP vapors using the method of steady state frequency shifts. Component identification based on maximum of a single cycle shift is not possible with this sensor,
FIG. 8 shows signal separation by the integral of frequency shifts, also illustrating an inability to resolve TBP from the other interferants.
FIG. 9 shows that different components have different characteristic transients (normalized signals),
FIG. 10 shows a normalized SAW response for different TBP concentrations which shows that transient shape does not depend on concentration,
FIG. 11 shows TBP characteristic transients and a corresponding weighting vector (normalized), and
FIG. 12 shows TBP detection for the sample described in FIGS. 7 and 8 using the method and apparatus of this invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates a SAW sensor 10 which comprises a coated SAW CS and an uncoated SAW S. The input to both SAWs comprises a valve 12 for the supply of a vapor mixture M and an uncontaminated air supply R so that the vapor mixture M and/or the uncontaminated air R (reference air) may be directed alternately to both SAWs. Directing the flow of mixture M and reference air R through both SAWs alternately takes care of any changes in such parameters as air temperature, in flow rate, etc. The SAW sensor 10 is coupled to a suitable temperature control device 14 to regulate its temperature and the temperature of mixture M and reference air R flowing therethrough. The output of each SAW is connected to a differential mixer 16 which in turn is connected to a counter 18 and the latter's output is directed to a computer 20.
The SAW sensor 10 is used for determining a one cycle response to a unit concentration of a target compound. For calibration purposes, a known concentration of a i-th target compound in mixture M is directed to both SAW sensors through valve 12 and thereafter the uncontaminated air R is directed through valve 12 to both sensors. The oscillation frequency of the SAWs in response to the mixture M and the uncontaminated air R provide the frequency shift by reason of the sorption of the target compound by the coating on the sample SAW CS and this frequency shift is directed to the mixer 16 which produces a difference frequency. Counter 18 samples this difference frequency and produces an output signal which is processed in the computer to form a set of vectors. An average one cycle vector response xi scaled for a unit concentration of the target compound is called the "characteristic transient" of the target compound for a particular SAW sensor and, since there is no a priori assumptions about the form of the response of a SAW sensor having a calibrated SAW to unit concentration of the target compound, the calibration process takes into account hardware peculiarities and possible deviations from a theoretical model as described in [3].
FIG. 2 shows a SAW CS sensor 10a with one SAW subject to the mixture and reference air while the other SAW, S or CS, is subject only to the temperature, pressure and flow rate of the mixture and reference air. The input of this latter SAW is directed through a filter 22 where the target compound is removed. The advantage gained hereby is that a coated reference oscillator can more effectively null temperature sensitive viscosity changes caused in the sampling SAW by sample air temperature gradients.
SAW sensor 10 (or SAW sensor 10A as the case may be) is calibrated for all the target compounds and potential interferants that could be expected to be in the mixture.
For example, for the target compound TBP and the interferants water and acetone, a calibration matrix is constructed of characteristic response vectors xi for each of the three compounds:
X=[xTBP, xH2O, xACET ] (3)
Then a mixture with concentration
c=[cTBP, cH2O, cACT,] (4)
will produce a SAW signal
Y=x�c (5)
Other SAW sensors in the array are similarly calibrated.
FIG. 3 illustrates a SAW array 10A which contains a calibrated SAW sensor 101 (SS1) in combination with a plurality of SAW sensors, designated as 101 -10N (SS1 -SSN), and with a plurality of temperature controls, designated as 141 -14N. These temperature controls function to control the temperatures of each SAW sensor and the mixture and reference air as above described. Since the SAW sensors may have the same or different coatings, these temperature controls provide a wide variety of temperature control over multiple SAW sensors in the array 10A.
Where a complex heating arrangement is not required, a SAW array 10B such as shown in FIG. 3a, will utilize a heat source 26 and a heat conductive bar 30 to provide a linear temperature gradient across the array 10B to control its temperature.
Turning back to FIG. 3, it can be seen that the output of each SAW sensor 101 -10N is directed first to a mixer and counter, shown combined and designated M/C1 -M/CN and 16/18. The output signals from each mixture and counter combination is then directed to a multiplexer 24 whose output signals are processed to form a set of vectors xi in computer 20.
Turning now to FIGS. 4-12 to explain the detection mode, it is pointed out that FIGS. 4-6 were previously referred to in the Background but will again be discussed to shown the ability of this invention to identify a target compound and its concentration in a mixture.
Again, FIG. 4 represents raw data, shown as the cyclical output signal from a single SAW sensor in response to TBP, the target compound of interest. FIG. 4 is a plot, frequency versus time, representing the frequency shift signal as the output from this SAW sensor in response to different concentrations of TBP, for example, concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 ppm. Any one of these cycles may be used for analysis and FIG. 5 is a rough sketch of this same data to show how the output signal of FIG. 4 appears with the baseline removed.
FIG. 6 is also a rough sketch of one of the cycles of FIG. 5 to show the various phases of the signal. As explained before, each measurement cycle has a loading phase (curve A) when the mixture penetrates the coating on the sample SAW, a steady state phase (curve B) when the mixture concentration in the coating reaches equilibrium with the mixture concentration in the air above the coating, and an unloading phase (curve C) during which the mixture is washed out of the coating by a stream of reference air. Again, each cycle in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 contain these phases if the exposure time of the SAW coating to the target compound is not too short.
The following figures show the difficulty of identifying a target compound, such as TBP, in a mixture by the prior art methods.
FIG. 7, a plot of maximum signal shift versus sample number, shows signal separation by maximum frequency shift induced by different concentrations of different vapors. This figure shows data for water vapors, ethanol, acetone and various concentrations of TBP with acetone having the strongest signal and ethanol and TBP barely distinguishable from the water vapor. This figure also shows the inability of distinguishing the various vapors in a mixture if only the maximum values of the curves are considered.
FIG. 8, a plot of signal separation by integral of frequency shift vs sample number, shows that this method produces substantially the same in result as in FIG. 7.
Both of these figures are derived from signals, as shown in FIG. 6, collected from experiments where the different vapors were measured separately on one sensor.
The cyclical curves of FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show the output of a single SAW sensor in response to TBP during the calibration step and the calibration of other SAW sensors for other target compounds will produce cyclical curves of different shapes as seen in FIG. 9 which shows the output curves for the same vapors as in FIG. 7, ethanol, water, acetone and TBP.
FIG. 9 is a plot of frequency shift vs. time and is similar to FIG. 6 with different vapors shown overlaying each other. Note the different shapes of the various vapors. The shape of the curve representing TBP differs from the shape of the curves of the other vapors. The amplitudes are normalized to have unit area under the curves. Were the other vapor curves shown alone, their cyclical curves would be represented as such in a curve such as in FIG. 6, with unique transient responses characterizing the loading and unloading phases of that curve.
FIG. 10 is a plot of frequency shift vs. time and shows a SAW sensor response to different TBP concentrations normalized to a unit area. This FIG. demonstrates that the shapes of the curves do not depend on the concentration of TBP. It is apparent that different components have different transient responses irrespective of concentration and this important discovery enables the target compound to be identified in the mixture.
Thus, in the detection mode, a mixture having compounds of unknown concentrations can be determined by standard methods of multidimensional statistics-linear or nonlinear. For example, a Least Squares fit can be used as:
c=X+ �y (6)
where vector c gives concentrations of each component in the mixture, vector Y represents one cycle SAW frequency shift and matrix X is built during the calibration stage, with columns comprised of the standard response vectors xi for each of the i components of the mixture. X+ denotes a pseudo inverse of the calibration matrix X, and is effectively a weighting vector for extracting component concentrations from the instrument response Y=y(t).
A similar method can be applied to an array of SAWs with different coatings by simply assembling the characteristics transients xi for each SAW sensor into one characteristic spectrum.
FIG. 11 is a plot of normalized instrument response to TBP vs.time, and shows the weighting vectors developed to determine TBP concentration from an arbitrary mixed sample signal. The curve marked NR is a characteristic response of TBP and the curve marked WB is a weighting vector. Both vectors are normalized to unity for display purposes.
FIG. 12 is a plot of TBP concentrations vs. sample numbers and thus shows the detection of TBP as a strong signal against all other vapors in the mixture which are referred to as interferants in this figure. For this application, the cross sensitivities of the TBP determination to much higher concentrations (and instrument responses) of interferents, are demonstrated to be small.
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|Jun 30, 1993
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Owner name: ORBITAL SCIENCES CORPORATION, VIRGINIA
Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:WELLS FARGO FOOTHILL, INC., FORMERLY KNOWN AS FOOTHILL CAPITAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:019699/0842
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Effective date: 20071114


text:
With a market cap of has a large market cap size. Lam Research Corporation (NASDAQ: LRCX) has been on the stock market since its IPO date on the 3/26/1990. Lam Research Corporation is in the Semiconductor Equipment & Materials industry and Technology sector. Average volume for Lam Research Corporation, is 2621.61, and so far today it has a volume of 1894400. Performance year to date since the 3/26/1990 is 9.54%.
To help you determine whether Lam Research Corporation is undervalued the following values will help you decide. P/E is 19.18 and forward P/E is 12.53. PEG perhaps more useful shows that Lam Research Corporation has a value for PEG of 1.47. P/S ratio is 2.36 and the P/B ratio is 2.41. The P/Cash and P/Free cash flow is 3.03 and 15.96 respectively.
At the current price Lam Research Corporation is trading at, 86.33 (1.71% today), Lam Research Corporation has a dividend yield of 1.39%, and this is covered by a payout ratio of 24.20%. Earnings per share (EPS) is 4.5, and this is looking to grow in the next year to 11.29% after growing 2.20% this past year. EPS growth quarter over quarter is -29.20%, and -5.70% for sales growth quarter over quarter.
The number of shares outstanding is 159.04, and the number of shares float is 158.85. The senior management bring insider ownership to 0.30%, and institutional ownership is at *TBA. The float short is 19.13%, with the short ratio at a value of 11.59. Management has seen a return on assets of 8.10%, and also a return on investment of 9.10%.
The ability for Lam Research Corporation, to deal with debt, means it current ratio is 3, and quick ratio is 2.6. Long term debt/equity is 0.28 and total debt/equity is 0.45. In terms of margins, Lam Research Corporation has a gross margin of 44.00%, with its operating margin at 16.40%, and Lam Research Corporation has a profit margin of 13.50%.
The 52 week high is -0.99%, with 42.70% being its 52 week low. The 20 day simple moving average is 8.01% and the 200 day simple moving average is 14.42%.
Disclaimer: Remember there is a risk to your investment, this is not a recommendation, nor personal advice, never invest more than you are able too loose.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Home -> News -> Report
|Tons by Sriram, Karthik put TN in control
Monday, March 15 2004 19:13 Hrs (IST)
In reply, Railways were 18 for no loss at close with openers Shreyas Khonalkar (17) and Sanjay Bangar (1) at crease.
After the hosts just managed to save the first day on Sunday, making 244 for six, determined efforts by both Sriram and Karthik, who added 212 runs for the seventh wicket in 66.1 overs, brightened Tamil Nadu's chances to progress to final.
Sriram was run out pathetically when his partner R Ramkumar sent him back on second thoughts after the former had driven the ball to mid-on region. But, before Sriram could regain his crease, J P Yadav threw the ball to wicket keeper Sushil Wankhade to do the rest.
Sriram, who had occupied the crease for 554 minutes after coming at the fall of opener S Ramesh's wicket on Sunday, made 172 with the help of 17 fours and a six.
Karthik's 122 (12x4 and 4x6) was the brightest patch in the hosts innings. He made his exit when Kulamani Parida made no mistake with a catch at mid-wicket of makeshift off spinner, Yere Goud. Ram Kumar remained unbeaten on 28 (4x4, 1x6).
Brief scores: Tamil Nadu (First Innings): 481 all out in 169.2 overs (S Suresh 44, S Sriram 172, S Sharath 26, Vasudeva Das 25, Dinesh Karthik 122 and Parida 2/136, Harvinder 2/82, J P Yadav 2/66) and Railways 18 without loss.
Sriram resurrects Tamil Nadu innings
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Heart Of A Shepherd (7 of 13) by Jeff Strite
This content is part of a series.Heart Of A Shepherd (7 of 13)
Series: A Man After God's Own Heart
Jeff Strite
Psalm 23:1-6
OPEN: I once read the story about a 1st-grader stood in front of his classroom. The class had been taking turns in front of the room answering the question "What do you want to be when you grow up?"
This little boy stood up and said, "I'm going to be a lion tamer and have lots of fierce lions and tigers. I'll walk into the cage and they will growl and roar."
Then he paused for a moment and added, "But of course, I'll have my mommy with me."
APPLY: That little boy had been to the circus and he'd watched a lion tamer enter a cage full of ferocious lions and tigers. He'd been impressed with how brave and in control that man had appeared. What he was telling his class was that - one day - he wanted to be like that man. He wanted to be fearless. He wanted to be brave. He wanted to be in control.
But THEN it suddenly occurred to him: Hey - that's all well and good but a guy could get hurt in a place like that… unless someone bigger and stronger were there with him. Someone like his mother.
Hold that thought in the back of your mind for a minute.
I. Outside of church, where would you most likely to hear the 23rd Psalm quoted?
That's right, at funerals. I've heard a lot of preachers complain about that. Because, you see, the 23rd psalm is NOT a psalm about death… it's a psalm about life.
Think about it. David is sitting on the side of a hill - watching his father's flock.
Are these sheep dead? … are they even sick? No… there's not a thing wrong with this flock. They are ALIVE. They are cared for.
David's sitting there thinking about how GOOD life is for those sheep. They're peaceful. They're contented. Life is good and the sheep are at ease…
Other kinds animals may face dangers of predators like lions and bears but not his sheep. His sheep are safe and protected. No one is going to touch his sheep while he's around. And the sheep have it good because t ...
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text:
Diana Hughes Photographer
Kris AntolModel Female Carlsbad, California, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/krisantol
Mayhem # 2217925
About MeMy name is Kris Antol I'm a Carlsbad, California native and fresh to MM!
I am a free spirit yet driven 21 year old. Hard working waitress & concierge running around with many jobs and I am trying to change that.
My creative passion for art and fashion has really opened my time for modeling, I'm working on building a better portfolio and landing some jobs. I will do any style of shoot, no nudes please.
Have you worked with Kris Antol? Add Credits for Kris Antol! >>
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text:
Fractional Crystallization
Sometimes the solubility of an organic compound is quite similar to that of its impurities. In such a case it is not possible to purify an organic compound by simple crystallization. The crystals thus obtained are not pure. These contain impurities as well. However, these can be purified by fractional crystallization.
Fractional crystallization is done by first preparing a hot, concentrated solution. When the solution is cooled, the first drop of crystals is obtained. The crystals thus obtained contain more of one of the components which has a lower solubility and less of the component with a higher solubility. On the other hand, the filtrate contains less of components with a lesser solubility and more of components with a higher solubility.
The crystals thus obtained are crystallized again. The crystals now obtained will be less impure as more impurities will be passed on to the mother liquor. The crystallization is repeated a number of times till the crystals are free from impurities.
Similarly the filtrate, i.e. the mother liquor, is crystallized again and again. Each crystallization helps remove some more of the compound which is less soluble. Finally the mother liquor contains a pure compound, which has a slightly higher solubility.


text:
Michael Katz, PGA
Main Address:
GolfTEC - Woodland Hills
21494 Victory Blvd
Woodland Hills, CA 91367-2422
(818) 883-7712
21494 Victory Blvd
Woodland Hills, CA 91367-2422
(818) 883-7712
Michael Katz is a PGA Professional in Woodland Hills, CA. The PGA of America comprises 27,000 men and women professionals with one singular goal in mind - to make the game of golf more enjoyable for you.
Services Offered:
- Instruction
- Play Golf of America Participant
Free Fitting Month
Welcome to Golf Month
National Awards
- 2010 PGA President's Council on Growing the Game
Home » Golf Courses » California » Whittier » Michael Katz, PGA
PGA of America Championships
Quail Hollow Club
Charlotte, North Carolina
Olympia Fields Country Club
Olympia Fields, Illinois
Trump National Golf Club
Washington, D.C.
Le Golf National
Guyancourt, France


text:
- Home
- Departments
- Development
About the Department
The Development Department's mission is to help guide citizens and developers through the processes of development established by the Mayor and City Council. The functions of the Development Department include administration of zoning and development regulations, permitting and inspections, and long-range community planning, in an effort to promote economic prosperity and neighborhood stability.
Welcome Clark Patterson Lee
Beginning January 1, 2017, Clark Patterson Lee (CPL) assumed the Community Development services for the City of Chamblee. CPL worked diligently alongside the previous staff to ensure a smooth transition between service contractors. Read More...
Serving the Public
The Development Department is primarily responsible for current and long-range planning, rezonings, variances, zoning map amendments, development permits, and creating, amending and ensuring compliance with the Unified Development Ordinance and the Comprehensive Plan. Staff works with residents and the development community in enhancing quality of life within the City. The routine functions of staff include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Taking public inquiries regarding zoning, variances, permits, development regulations, master plans, and land use
- Reviewing plans for compliance with zoning and other requirements
- Issuing zoning certification letters
- Preparing staff analysis for public hearing applications
- Preparing legal ads and mailing notices for public hearings
Serving the Mayor, City Council, and ARB
Development Department staff also serve the Mayor and City Council and the Architectural Review Board (ARB) for the City of Chamblee. The Mayor and City Council review variances, Planned Unit Developments (PUD) and Developments of Community Impact (DCI), Master Signage Plans, appeals of administrative decisions, and extensions of nonconforming uses. The ARB reviews all PUD and DCI applications, and Master Signage Plans, and advises the Mayor and City Council on these developments. A PUD is two or more buildings to be constructed on a tract or several tracts of land of at least two acres. A DCI is any development greater than 50,000 square feet and not a single-family detached development.


text:
Wake-up, restart, and shutdown computers across a network or the internet.
Use this security logo:
Freeware is computer software that is available for use at no cost or for an optional fee.
Tutorial not found. Let know us about any useful video tutorial.
wake on lan, portable, restart, log off, computer, remote, hibernate, sleep, reboot, wol
Please see Wake On Lan EX.txt for changes.


text:
Advisory by Netsparker.
Name: Local File Inclusion Vulnerability in ArticleFR
Affected Software : ArticleFR
Affected Versions: 3.0.5 and possibly below
Vendor Homepage : http://freereprintables.com/
Vulnerability Type : Local File Inclusion
Severity : Critical
Netsparker Advisory Reference : NS-15-004
By exploiting a Local File Inclusion vulnerability the attacker can gather usernames via an "/etc/passwd" file and more.
Technical Details
Proof of Concept URLs for LFI in ArticleFR:
For more information on local file inclusion vulnerabilities read the article Local File Inclusion (LFI).
Advisory Timeline
23/01/2015 - First Contact
30/01/2015 - Second Contact
17/02/2015 - Third Contact
03/03/2015 - No answer, advisory released
Credits & Authors
These issues have been discovered by Omar Kurt while testing Netsparker Web Application Security Scanner.
About Netsparker
Netsparker finds and reports security flaws and vulnerabilities such as SQL Injection and Cross-site Scripting (XSS) in all websites and web applications regardless of the platform and the technology they are built on. Netsparker's unique detection and exploitation techniques allow it to be dead accurate in reporting vulnerabilities, hence it is the first and only False Positive Free web application security scanner.


text:
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Intl. Lotto CommisionLoteria del Rosario Romano, N 19 Planta 5 Madrid, Select State/Province Spain
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 06/04/2011 10:56 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/intl-lotto-commision/madrid-select-stateprovince-28014/intl-lotto-commision-loteria-del-rosario-romano-n19-planta5-28014-madrid-spain-mail-736787. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report. READ: Foreign websites steal our content
Click Here to read other Ripoff Reports on Intl. Lotto Commision
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text:
Information for G02064
Learning participation: the case of PROSODE, Peru (PLA Notes 48)
Journal article
PROSODE (Proyeccion Social del Derecho/ Social Outreach of Law) is a programme at the Catholic University in Peru, that encourages law students to provide information and guidance on legal issues to deprived communities. This article examines the benefits to students by participating in the programme, as well as advantages to poor communities and society in general.
Participatory Learning and Action is the world's leading informal journal on participatory approaches. Guest editors provide up-to-the minute accounts of participatory approaches in specific fields. Since 1987, PLA has provided a forum for participatory practitioners – community workers, activists and researchers – to share experiences, reflections and methodological innovations with others, providing a genuine 'voice from the field'.
To download individual articles for 'PLA Notes 48: Learning and teaching participation' see 'More information' link below.


text:
Samsung has announced that the current recession has forced the company to reorganise its current business structure and cut costs.
You may, in fact, not realise just how large Samung is – in broad terms. It is the world's biggest manufacturer of memory chips, liquid crystal displays and flat-screen televisions. It also ranks second behind Finland's Nokia in mobile phones.
As such, according to the Yahoo website, Samsung plans to launch a Digital Media and Communications division bringing together, under one umbrella, televisions, mobile phones and other consumer electronics such as printers, computers and home appliances, according to Samsung spokesman James Chung.
Unlike Sony Ericsson, however, Samsung is still in profit, even though that profit did fall by 44%. The company has decided to cut the pay for top executives by 20%.
"We needed to effectively respond to the current global recession," Samsung spokeswoman Hwang Eun-ju said to Yahoo, regarding the reason for the changes.
Click to read the Yahoo story


text:
The Epic Trolling of Abercrombie & Fitch
In the fitness world there is often a lot of vanity. While we supply supplements, we do so to help individuals further their health and fitness goals, not just to look good naked (well, ok, that may be part of it, but the take-home message is health). Sometimes we lose sight of what's really important and the world in general starts to look like a giant, water-logged orb covered in jerks I'd like to drop-kick narcissistic people.
Abercrombie and Fitch does not Market to "Average" People
If you ever needed something to reaffirm there is in fact hope for the human race, you should probably read more about the responses to Abercrombie & Fitch's latest debacle. A&F CEO Mike Jeffries apparently does not want to market to the un-cool, the average, or, you know, the majority of the world. He wants to market to the hotties of the teenage world, the Blake Lively's and Zac Efron's of the millennial generation, "Because good-looking people attract other good-looking people, and we want to market to cool, good-looking people. We don't market to anyone other than that."
So sorry un-cool, un-popular people. Mike Jeffries does not like you, and you cannot wear his clothes. You know, those scraps of fabric with pre-cut holes that are so flimsy you need to wear another shirt to avoid any accidental exposure of brazier or man-nip. Yea, those things. Perhaps, like Mike Jeffries' definition of cool, his definition of what constitutes as clothing differs wildly from mine, but I digress.
So just what does Mike Jeffries consider uncool? Apparently, people missing forearms, people larger than a sock puppet, and people who do not have six-pack abs. Wait, what, forearms? That's right. Apparently, not only can you not be cool if you are missing a forearm, you must also be shunted to the stock room where no one can see you. Your uncoolness factor at that point is so off the charts, you do not even deserve to be seen by the amazing elite teens Jeffries deems fit to wear his clothes. Then again, you also get to sue the overpriced pants off him and make about $12,000.
But people aren't just suing Jeffries, they are trolling. Not only that, but they are taking trolling to a new and infinitely more charitable level than trolling has ever been before. Greg Karber's response to A&F's shenanigans has been to sift through thrift shop selections for A&F clothes and then turn around and give them away to the homeless.
There has been no word yet, but I have a feeling Jeffries does not classify the homeless as worthy of his brand. Rock on Greg Karber.
Via the dailymail and huffingtonpost
Statements found within have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These dietary supplement products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Always consult a physician if you are unsure about taking a new supplement. Do not take this supplement if you are under 18, if you are pregnant, nursing, or have any cardiovascular issues.
Scientific studies cited are not conclusive and have limitations, due to of their closed environment nature. Referenced studies will not necessarily determine your experience with a supplement, since there are many unaccounted variables, which fall outside the scope of the studies.
The reviews contained within are the opinions of contributors and are not necessarily the views or opinions of Powder City. These reviews should not be taken as fact or recommendation, and are only opinions of products that the contributors may have or may have not used. Powder City makes no warranty, implied or expressed, to the accuracy of information provided by these reviews.


text:
- Home >
- Walking Aids >
- Sholeco Deluxe Trolley Sholeco Deluxe Trolley+-
Stable yet lightweight design, these attractive trolleys have front swivel wheels making them extremely easy to manoeuvre. Designed to be totally safe to walk with and lean on, they are ideal for those with arthritis, rheumatism and other walking problems. With no rear axle, the user can walk close behind the Sholeco without the risk of tripping. Folds flat for storage in an instant. The trolley features an insulated cool bag at the rear to preserve hot/cold items and provide extra carriage room. It also has an internal front zipped pocket and three internal rear pouch pockets. Two multi-purpose side pouches can be used for a walking stick, an umbrella, wine, a magazine, flowers and so on.
- Basket size: Height 47cm(18.1/2") Depth 39.5cm(15.1/2") Width 34.5cm (13.1/2").
- Handle height adjustable from 86.5 to 96.5cm (34 to 38").
- Folded height 105.5cm (411/2").
- Weight 3.1/2kg.
Related Categories
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text:
News By Tag
* Project Management
* Project Management Library
* Pmworld
* Project Management World
* More Tags...
Industry News
News By Place
Industry News
PM World Library adds 36 new works by 41 different authors in April
PM World Collection grows to 757 project management articles, papers & other works by 413 different authors in 54 countries
The new additions bring the total in the PM World Collection to 757 original works by 413 different authors from 54 different countries. The collection is growing each month by approximately 30-40 new works by many different authors. Of the 41 authors in April, 15 authors were new to both the PMWJ and PMWL. All works in the PMWL can be accessed at http://pmworldlibrary.net/
According to PMWL Director David Pells (pictured), who is also the managing editor of the PMWJ, "We are excited to be adding so much new content to the library each month. The number of authors is also increasing rapidly, partially due to more papers having multiple authors which is common for academic papers. The upshot is that we are attracting more research papers by scholars, which is significant."
"The PM World Library is being upgraded as we speak," Pells adds. "For example, now we are adding all breaking news articles that have been posted in the PMWJ since July 2012, approximately 850 stories. These will all soon be available in the BN Archives page in the P/PM news section of the library."
New authors in March include Mauricio Lopes (Brazil); Monica Gutierrez (Colombia); Richard Amponsah and Bernardine Gatete (Ghana); Ogun Ohgenekevwe, Ogunsina Olusola and Ugochukwu Stanley Chukwudi (Nigeria); Krystyna Linkowska (Poland); and Karen Kostelnik, Ralph Mauelshagen, Diane Johnson Morris, Francisco Ortiz, Mary Jane Quandt, Dr. Richa Uppal and Paula Wenger (USA). New works from 26 authors already included in the library were also added.
The PM World Library (PMWL) is a global resource for continuous learning in portfolio, program and project management (P/PM). The PMWL is produced and maintained by PM World that also publishes the monthly PM World Journal (PMWJ), a web-based monthly publication featuring dozens of articles, papers and news stories about projects and project management around the world. PM World is a virtual organization reflecting the 21st century reality of a connected world where individuals and organizations worldwide can collaborate for the creation, sharing and application of new knowledge. To see the latest edition of the PMWJ, visit www.pmworldjournal.net; to learn more, visit www.pmworldlibrary.net.
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text: Outrider LeggingsBinds when picked upMailLegs265 Armor+16 Strength +16 StaminaDurability 75 / 75 SourceEdit This article or section is an item stub. You can help expand it by editing it. Item boilerplate · Boilerplate help · Research: Wowhead WoWDB Use {{Stub/Object}} for objects that are fixed in place. External linksEdit Battle.net (EU) Wowhead Thottbot WoWDB Retrieved from "http://wowwiki.wikia.com/wiki/Outrider_Leggings?oldid=2593323" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Item stubs World of Warcraft mail legs items World of Warcraft uncommon items Add category Cancel Save


text:
Our nerves are shredded. That's not the royal we: a psychologist acquaintance is carrying out a survey of the mental health of Christchurch residents, and many of us are suffering symptoms of post-traumatic stress.
I wrote an optimistic piece following the September earthquake, when the city was proud of having come through a 7.1 with no loss of life or major injuries, when aftershocks were being experienced with a stoical "We've had worse".
Then along came the 6.3 on February 22, killing 181 and maiming the city centre and many suburbs, and all the confidence and bravado vanished, nerves all the more frayed for having previously been so confident. Then - whoomph - there was another fall. June 13, 2.20pm, 6.0.
Since September there have been several aftershocks of greater than 5.0, and those are the ones that really set you on edge - even when you're away from Christchurch. On a recent visit to the UK, I was waiting for a friend by a tube station, and a rumbling below my feet caused me to have the characteristic earthquake reaction: imperceptible to many, it is not so much a jump as a stiffening of the sinews, a sudden shot of adrenaline into the system. I had to remind myself that it was a train leaving the station, just as I've had to identify other such triggers as banging doors or passing trucks.
In Singapore on my return journey, I fell gratefully onto a bed in the transit hotel, looking forward to a few hours sleep, when the bed moved. After several similar incidents, when I'd convinced myself that these were foreshocks, and envisioned myself being plucked from the ruins of the building in my pyjamas, I phoned reception:
"Have there been several earthquakes?"
"No, ma'am, it's just the conveyer belt system for the luggage below the hotel, which makes the building sway."
"Okay. It's just, I'm from Christchurch, and ..."
"I quite understand," he said, with sincere sympathy in his voice, indicating that I wasn't the first to query it.
The fun on June 13 started with a 5.5 which sent me from the computer to the doorway and set my heart pumping. My partner, Manu, phoned from work and said that their building had been evacuated and that they were waiting for clearance to enter, and that he'd be home soon. I was rattled, but if he'd said he had to stay at work I would have understood. Back at the computer, I posted a long entry on my blog, typing out the adrenaline, and I soon felt significantly better.
Just over an hour later, the 6.0 struck. The Richter scale is logarithmic: an earthquake that measures 5.0 on the scale has a shaking amplitude 10 times larger than one that measures 4.0. So while a 6.0 doesn't sound much worse than a 5.5, believe me, it is.
This time I launched myself under the dining room table and listened to things crashing down around me. I wasn't sure that I'd ever get back out again. For me, it was far more frightening than the February quake, when I'd been in the sanitised environment of the bathroom at work, where there were no windows to break, no furniture to fall, and no light fittings to sway alarmingly. It is fair to say that my already taut nerves snapped momentarily: when Manu phoned, I could only whimper in reply.
"I'll come home straight away," he said.
As the minutes passed, and I calmed down, I texted him – conscious of the need to keep phone lines free for emergency services – "Stay wherever safest", as I fully anticipated quakes of increasing magnitude over the next few hours. I deleted the "I'll be OK" that I initially added, and was incredibly pleased to see him when he got home.
After some more human contact – we went next door to socialise with the neighbours – I began to feel I could cope again. In February, as I cycled home along the outer edge of Hagley Park – Christchurch's main green space – I saw the crowds spilling out of the central city, all wearing the same expression of shock and bewilderment. Now, as we went for a walk to expend nervous energy, folk were out and about and again and there was a universal expression, but this time it was tiredness: "How much more of this do we have to take? Can we take it?"
It is back to disturbed nights – I started writing this at 3am, awake after a substantial aftershock – and disrupted services. In terms of the rebuild of the city, not much will have changed. After all, the worst (hopefully) had already happened in February, and whilst a few extra million dollars may have been added to the repair bill, the strategy is already there.
Will there be a great exodus of residents? Time will tell, but certainly the attitude the day after seemed to be to pick up and carry on – as if enough time has already been spent in licking wounds. Businesses can't afford to close for another week, and returning to normality – or, at least, the new normality - is actually the healthiest thing for the mind.
Yes, it is tempting to leave, perhaps try our luck in another New Zealand city. We don't have strong ties here, but there are still plenty of loose ends that would need to be tied up. For others, there are stronger bonds of family and personal history.
There is no conclusion to be made: the story is still being written.
Do you have an expat tale to share? Email submissions of no more than 1,000 words to firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Hi, just got back from a fantastic weekend in the BOI, great weather for labour weekend every day (for a change) and good cos' we were touring on motorbikes. Just wanted to put a word in for the accommodation that we stayed at which was River Run Retreat, absolutely great. They do have website but I can tell you that we (2 couples) loved the place it really is a bit of luxury and the hosts are really nice and friendly, couldn't do enough to help us. It's not in central Paihia, but not too far out, maybe 7 - 10 minutes, so tranquil too. We woke in the morning to the sounds of birds and the sheep from across the river, magic!!. If you're looking for a special spot to stay you won't go wrong with this place. The main house is seperate from the guest accommodation, but you go through a covered walkway to the house for breakfast, just in case the weather isn't great. Plenty of parking too
Property: River Retreat Bed & BreakfastAddress: 838 Puketona Road, Paihia 0204, New Zealand (Formerly RiverRun Retreat)
Location: New Zealand > North Island > Northland Region > Bay of Islands > Paihia
Free Breakfast Free High Speed Internet ( WiFi ) Free Parking
Ranked #10 of 20 B&Bs / Inns in Paihia
Price Range (Based on Average Rates): $$
Hotel Class:4 star — River Retreat Bed & Breakfast 4*
Number of rooms: 2
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Magical riverside setting, private and tranquil. 10 minutes to beaches. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Orbitz, Hotels.com, Travelocity, Hotwire, Priceline, Booking.com and Agoda so you can book your River Retreat Bed & Breakfast reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- River Retreat Bed & Breakfast Paihia, Bay Of Islands


text:
Corn for grain production is estimated at 10.8 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the Nov. 1 forecast but 13 percent below 2011. The average yield in the United States is estimated at 123.4 bushels per acre.
This is up 1.1 bushels from the November forecast but 23.8 bushels below the 2011 average yield of 147.2. Area harvested for grain is estimated at 87.4 million acres, down slightly from the November forecast but up 4 percent from 2011.
Sorghum grain production in 2012 is estimated at 247 million bushels, down 4 percent from the Nov. 1 forecast but up 15 percent from 2011. Planted area is estimated at 6.24 million acres, up 14 percent from last year. Area harvested for grain, at 4.96 million acres, is up 26 percent from 2011.
Soybean production in 2012 totaled 3.01 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the Nov. 1 forecast but down 3 percent from 2011. United States production is the seventh largest on record.
The average yield per acre is estimated at 39.6 bushels, 0.3 bushel above the Nov. 1 forecast but 2.3 bushels below last year's yield. Harvested area is up 3 percent from 2011 to 76.1 million acres and is the third highest on record.


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Dragon (竜 or 龍, both pronounced ryū) is said to be the highest-order god of Gensokyo. According to Perfect Memento, he lives anywhere and he looks like a serpent with hands and horns. He was also said to be last seen during the Creation of the Great Hakurei Barrier.
Both Humans and Youkai worship him, due to his capability of creating and destroying anything.
The eyes of the Dragon's statue in the Human Village are said to predict the weather. To an extent, this is true, especially in regards to the temperaments of Scarlet Weather Rhapsody.
- The color for Sunny (Reimu Hakurei's weather) is white,
- The color for Cloudy (Sakuya Izayoi's) is grey,
- The color for rainy (Sprinkle/Drizzle, Suika Ibuki/Marisa Kirisame's weather) is blue,
They are all mentioned in the PMiSS article. It's also said that the eyes turn red when an incident is about to occur: in all three present cases of "red-weather" this is verified.
- Remilia Scarlet's weather, "Heavy Fog", is red (like the Scarlet Mist that blanketed Gensokyo).
- Tenshi Hinanawi's weather, "Aurora" is likewise red (she caused the entire incident in SWR, in addition to the destruction of the Hakurei Shrine).
- Yukari Yakumo's weather, "Sunshower" is likewise red (she manipulated the border of the Netherworld to allow Yuyuko Saigyouji to steal spring in Perfect Cherry Blossom).
Books and Articles:


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Vine star Logan Paul merged his ability to perform splits with his ability to produce viral videos, and augmented the plan with public places in NYC. Toss in some complete spontaneity, a deadpan expression and some perfectly timed horns and you have something that's a lot funnier than it should be.
Watch the hilarity after the jump.
(via SEC)


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The Story
Atomic Robo is an American comic book series depicting the adventures of the eponymous character, a self-aware robot built by a fictional version of Nikola Tesla, created by 8-Bit Theater writer Brian Clevinger and artist Scott Wegener. The series is split into several mini-series, each depicting a different era and adventure in Atomic Robo's long life-span.
Free Comic Download
Atomic Robo Vol. 1 – 9 (TPB)
Language : English | Year : 2015 | Size : 1.3 GB
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- If you have any difficulties to download the files, please refer to this how-to download page.
- All of the comic files are packed on .CBR and/or .CBZ file formats. Here are some of the reader apps that i can recommend : YAC Reader (Win, OSX, Linux, iOS), ComicRack (Win, Android, iOS), CDisplayEx.
- To extract any compressed files, I recommend using 7-Zip.
- If you encounter any broken links or corrupt files, please write on the comment section or message me through the contact form.
- Want to see all the comic list? Please go to this page.


text: 12/06/10 12/05/10 POPSUGAR Celebrity Jake Gyllenhaal Pictures of Jake Gyllenhaal December 5, 2010 by Allie Merriam 0 Shares Chat with us on Facebook Messenger. Learn what's trending across POPSUGAR. View on One Page Photo 0 of 20 Start Slideshow ADVERTISEMENT () Share This Link Copy ← Use Arrows Keys → 0 Pictures of Jake Gyllenhaal Previous Next Jake Gyllenhaal


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- Last login Nov 12, 14 @ 6:25 am
Raekwon "Lost Jewlry EP" Release Date x Cover Art...
[b]The Chef[/b] just announced that he's cooking up his [b][i]Lost Jewlry EP[/i][/b], and releasing it on [URL]. He also released the artwork for it which is below. I can't wait for the tracklist to follow. What's you guys thoughts on this? Are you anticipating this release or you still asleep? [b]#WuTangForever![/b] [Image]2 Weeks ago in Music Discussion
Dope Artist Alert: David Stones...
[Image] I really like how New York's underground scene is looking these days with people like [b]Flatbush Zombies[/b], [b]The Underachievers[/b], [b]Pro Era[/b], etc. I been checking out this new kid from Brooklyn by the name of [URL]. This is one of my first posts in this forum so S/o to everyone reading this thread! Hope you all enjoyed and possibly I helped you find a new artist to add to the iPod.2 Weeks ago in Music Discussion


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Talented Nigerian singer, Solidstar, shared a quite rare photo of his beautiful baby mama and his adorable son.
The singer had his son with is UK based girlfriend, late last year 2015 – he rarely shares photos of his baby mama though, but at least, we know what she looks like… she's a cutie!.
Make Money Online in Nigeria... Click HERE To Start Now!


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Description: HDR is both a technical solution to the limitations of digital camera sensors, and a creative tool that can give any image much more impact - but it is not without its pitfalls, and it's essential to understand these if you want to take full advantage of this innovative technique. The second edition of David Nightingale's successful Practical HDR is completely updated with the latest techniques and technologies in HDR. Practical HDR provides you with an abundance of step-by-step examples that will quickly make you an expert on the theory and practice of shooting and processing HDR images, allowing you to get the best possible results every time.As well as practical advice on shooting and processing, the book also contains a global showcase of inspirational HDR images - you will quickly find that HDR offers unparralleled opportunities for indulging your creative instincts, from photo-realistic to hyper-realism.*Create stunning HDR images - from photorealistic to the hyper-real*Covers in-camera image capture and digital darkroom techniques*Combines sound, step-by-step advice with an inspirational gallery of images
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Please confirm that you want to add Blended Learning to your Wishlist.
The blended learning model is an instructional foundation to produce future ready learners. By the end of this course, students will be able to answer the following essential questions:
Blended Learning is a 2.5 hour course that will take you through four modules to answer the above essential questions. Each module contains interview segments from educators and/or students currently enrolled in a blended learning program. Each module contains resources for further research, power point presentations to guide you through each lecture and formative assessments to gauge your own learning. In addition, you will receive practical steps to implement change and the tools to shift the mindset of all stakeholders.
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Dr. Berning is the President of The Renaissance Institute dedicated to exploring the appropriate use of technology in teaching and learning. He recently retired as the Chief Information and Technology Officer for Carrollton Farmers Branch Independent School District in Carrollton, Texas. He holds a Ph.D. in Educational Technology from The University of Texas at Austin, a Master's Degree in Chemistry, and a Bachelor's Degree in Science Education. Dr. Berning also earned an Executive Certificate in Technology Management and Leadership from the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has led K12 technology teams, integration efforts, and bond project oversight for over 25 years.
He is an Air Force veteran, a former chemistry teacher, and is currently a Lecturer and Digital Strategist for the Learning Innovation and Network Knowledge (LINK) Lab at the University of Texas in Arlington. He can be reached via his website.
Kayla Parker has a proven success record of creating systems in organizations to maximize resources and increase student achievement. She holds a Master's in Educational Leadership and a Bachelor's in EC-4 from Midwestern State University. During her 13 years in the Texas Public Education system, she has served as an elementary teacher and Associate Principal in a Title I campus, and currently serves as the Associate Principal in a North Texas suburban school district in the DFW area. By creating systems of support, she led a Title I high school from "Unacceptable" to "Recognized" within two years. Kayla is the founder of a nation-wide feeding program called "The Backpack Buddy Club" and Author of the book, "Take the Blindfold Off." She was named ABC Person of the Year for 2006, featured on the 700 Club, and recognized on ABC Nightline News for her ability to identify and create solutions for the root cause of academic struggles. Kayla's interests include disaggregating data, building data stories, identifying options for systemic solutions, and integrating a sustainable culture.


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Feb. 21, 2014
Final results | Post-dual Notes
Five Cowboys won their bouts Friday night to push the University of Wyoming wrestling team to a narrow road win over 19th-ranked North Dakota State, 17-16.
Major decisions from juniors Andy McCulley and Shane Woods gave UW enough breathing room, as each squad won five bouts. But the two major decisions for Wyoming, compared to just one for NDSU, gave the Pokes the extra point they needed to hand the Bison their first conference loss this season. Junior Brandon Richardson lost in the night's final match, the 149-pound bout, but didn't give up bonus points, sealing the win for UW.
Wyoming (6-6 overall, 4-1 Western Wrestling Conference) finished the regular season on a five-dual win streak and now has a shot to win the regular-season dual title for the fourth time in six seasons. UW needs North Dakota State to knock off South Dakota State on Sunday, as SDSU beat Wyoming earlier this year.
"I told the guys it was probably the best of both worlds - we walked out with a win but we left a lot out there on the mat and feel like we're better than that," said Wyoming head coach Mark Branch, who won his 30th WWC dual. "We had some guys who wrestled for the team. Richardson gets caught in a funky position and he has to wrestle for the team and not give up bonus points in the last match. Even the guys who lost by decision, their effort and fight out there was just as important as everything else.
"It's a great win to finish the year. Beating a top-20 team and putting ourselves in a position to win the (WWC) dual title, that's a lot of momentum to take out of here."
Along with McCulley and Woods, Wyoming got a boost with wins from redshirt freshman Benjamin Stroh (184), junior Tyler Cox (125) and redshirt freshman Cole Mendenhall at 141. Cox and Mendenhall secured decisions over tough opposition, while Woods and Stroh each racked up victories over ranked wrestlers. Woods beat NDSU's Tyler Lehmann, rated 27th in the NCAA Coaches Poll, in a dominant 14-5 match, while Stroh got by 23rd-ranked Kurtis Julson in a 5-4 decision.
UW will now turn its attention to the postseason. That run begins March 8 in Orem, Utah, at the NCAA West Regional/WWC Championships, an event in which Wyoming hopes to win its fifth-straight title.
Match results
157: #NR/NR/24 Andy McCulley maj. dec. Nick Olejnik (NDSU), 15-2 / Wyoming 4, NDSU 0
165:#3/3/4 Steven Monk (NDSU) maj. dec. #NR/NR/18 Dakota Friesth, 11-2 / Wyoming 4, NDSU 4
174: #12/14/13 Hayden Zillmer (NDSU) dec. Brent Havlik, 3-2 / NDSU 7, Wyoming 4
184: #18/15/17 Benjamin Stroh dec. #20/18/20 Kurtis Julson (NDSU), 5-4 / Wyoming 7, NDSU 7
197: #NR/NR/24 Shane Woods maj. dec. Tyler Lehmann (NDSU), 14-5 / Wyoming 11, NDSU 7
285: Evan Knutson (NDSU) dec. Tanner Harms, 6-3 / Wyoming 11, NDSU 10
125: #8/9/10 Tyler Cox dec. Hunter Weber (NDSU), 4-1 / Wyoming 14, NDSU 10
133: Justin LaValle (NDSU) dec. Gunnar Woodburn, 6-2 / Wyoming 14, NDSU 13
141: Cole Mendenhall dec. Clay Cathey (NDSU), 13-7 / Wyoming 17, NDSU 13
149: Tyler Diamond (NDSU) dec. Brandon Richardson, 6-2 / Wyoming 17, NDSU 16
Rankings based on most recent InterMat/TOM/D1CollegeWrestling.net polls.


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Album Rating: 3.0a fan will spin the records from time to time, no?
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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Varieties of Middle Class Growth and Democratic Preference Formation
|Rosenfeld, Bryn
|Beissinger, Mark R
|Politics Department
middle class
political behavior
state-led development
|Political science
|Issue Date:
|Princeton, NJ : Princeton University
|Under what conditions does growth of the middle class increase popular pressure on regimes to democratize? Though scholars have often viewed the middle class as an agent of economic growth and democratization, little systematic research examines middle class attitudes toward democracy in contemporary autocratic regimes. This dissertation studies how autocracies secure support from growing middle classes, using state patronage to shape political preferences and divide potential democratic coalitions. Drawing lessons from post-communist countries, I focus on the micro-level mechanisms that affect bottom-up demand for democracy and show why middle class growth is frequently not accompanied by political liberalization. Under autocracy, the state often provides key avenues of mobility into the middle class. I argue that such state-led growth weakens middle class support for democratization. I connect the political loyalty of the middle classes to the power of authoritarian states to bestow or withhold benefits, in particular through public sector employment, and to individuals' alternatives to state selective incentives. I test this argument using quantitative analysis of surveys and qualitative evidence from extended fieldwork in the region. In an analysis of cross-national survey data from 27 post-communist countries, I show that, under autocracy, state careers weaken support for democracy, especially among the middle class. Through a study of mobilized contention in Russia, using surveys of protesters and a novel case-control design, I demonstrate the theory's applicability to consequential collective action. Then with panel data, I investigate the relationship between social mobility, democratic preferences, and party support in Ukraine, during a pivotal period spanning the Orange Revolution. Finally, bringing together survey data, interviews, archival material, and thick description, I examine the vocabulary and practice of state-led middle class expansion in Kazakhstan. The dissertation's distinctive contribution is to show concretely, at the individual level and for a broad set of cases across different institutional contexts, how state-led development creates middle classes that are beholden to autocratic regimes. The findings contribute to debates about the role of class actors in democratic transition, participation in contentious politics, and the rise of state capitalism. They also provide new insights into the puzzle of development without democratization.
|Alternate format:
|The Mudd Manuscript Library retains one bound copy of each dissertation. Search for these copies in the library's main catalog: http://catalog.princeton.edu/
|Type of Material:
|Academic dissertations (Ph.D.)
|Appears in Collections:
Files in This Item:
This content is embargoed until 2017-09-30. For more information contact the Mudd Manuscript Library.
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This Week in GeorgiaGov: Children
Celebrating Parents Teaching Children
Children model their parents, and that's largely the reason education study after study shows that parents are among the most effective teachers. Throughout Parent Engagement Month, the Georgia Department of Education encourages parents to get involved - to read with children, to take students to museums, to talk about history, science and the arts.
Child Bullying and Prevention
Bullying is a well-known act among children of all ages, and can happen at any grade with both genders. Learn how to recognize the signs of bullying and what you can do to help prevent it.
More School Nurses On Hand for 2012 School Year
Starting this year, students will see more school nurses in their front office clinics. Under new legislation, public schools must now supply at least one nurse for every 750 elementary school students and one for every 1,500 middle and high school students.


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Sensazioni ProfondeFavorites [+]
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CITY of York Athletics Club star Richard Buck will line-up in the final of the 400 metres at the Sainsbury's British Athletics Indoor Championships in Sheffield tomorrow.
Buck finished second to Nigel Levine in the second semi-final, clocking 46.95 seconds to Levine's 46.89 seconds in the faster of the two races.
They will be joined in the final by Jamie Bowie and Daniel Awde, who finished third and fourth in the second semi, plus Luke Lennon-Ford and Rory Evans from the first semi-final.
The 400m final is the closing event of the championships, getting under way at 4.10pm.
In his earlier heat, Buck finished second to Lennon-Ford, clocking 47.60 seconds to his Great Britain relay team-mate's 47.05 seconds.


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Thunderstorms expected in the Killeen area today could produce hail and damaging winds, according to a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Fort Worth.
Daniel Huckaby said there's a "decent chance of rain" this morning that could potentially affect the morning commute, but the bulk of thunderstorms are expected to move through the area as the day progresses.
"Generally, from late morning into the afternoon hours we could see severe weather with this," he said. "The main threat being large hail and damaging winds."
Huckaby said heavy rain is expected through the afternoon, but with the recent dry conditions, there aren't any major flooding issues expected with this system.
Temperatures are forecast to hover close to the lower 80s.
Showers are expected to begin tapering off around sunset, Huckaby said.
A slight chance of rain, 20 percent, is forecast for Friday.
The high is expected to be 85 and a low in the mid-60s.


text:
My Verizon is a free service that provides Verizon Wireless subscribers with the ability to manage their accounts online. With a My Verizon account, subscribers can view or pay their bills online, upgrade their devices, change their mobile numbers, change account features and perform other similar functions.Continue Reading
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