text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 9, 2008
|Filing date
|Jul 13, 2006
|Priority date
|Jul 15, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gamal A. Hassan, Philip L. Kurkoski
|Original Assignee
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (20), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (6), Classifications (6), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/699,792 filed on 15 Jul. 2005.
This invention relates generally to assemblies for making toolface oriented measurements within a borehole and processing of such measurements to determine parameters of interest of materials around the borehole. The invention specifically relates to measurement-while-drilling applications for obtaining formation and methods of real time imaging and compression of the image data.
To obtain hydrocarbons such as oil and gas, wellbores (also called the boreholes) are drilled by rotating a drill bit attached at the end of a drilling assembly generally called the "bottom hole assembly" or the "drilling assembly." A large portion of the current drilling activity involves drilling highly deviated or substantially horizontal wellbores to increase the hydrocarbon production and/or to withdraw additional hydrocarbons from the earth's formations. The wellbore path of such wells is carefully planned before drilling such wellbores using seismic maps of the earth's subsurface and well data from previously drilled wellbores in the associated oil fields. Due to the very high cost of drilling such wellbores and the need precisely to place such wellbores in the reservoirs, it is essential continually to determine the position and direction of the drilling assembly and thus the drill bit during drilling of the wellbores. Such information is used, among other things, to monitor and adjust the drilling direction of the wellbores.
In drilling assemblies used until recently, the directional package commonly includes a set of accelerometers and a set of magnetometers, which respectively measure the earth's gravity and magnetic field. The drilling assembly is held stationary during the taking of the measurements from the accelerometers and the magnetometers. The toolface and the inclination angle are determined from the accelerometer measurements. The azimuth is then determined from the magnetometer measurements in conjunction with the tool face and inclination angle.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,091,644 to Minette having the same assignee as the present application teaches a method for analyzing data from a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) gamma ray density logging tool which compensates for rotations of the logging tool (along with the rest of the drillstring) during measurement periods. In accordance with the method disclosed therein, the received signal is broken down into a plurality of sections. In a preferred embodiment, the Minette invention calls for the breaking of the signal from the formation into four different sections: top, bottom, right, left. As the tool rotates, it passes through these four quadrants. Each time it passes a boundary, a counter is incremented, pointing to the next quadrant. This allows for dividing the data into four spectra for each detector. Each of these four spectra will be obtained for �th of the total acquisition time. The end result is an image of the wall of the borehole. In many situations, the data are recorded and stored downhole in a suitable memory and processed at the surface after the bottomhole assembly is tripped out of the borehole. In wireline applications, the data are telemetered to the surface and processed there with a surface processor or a remote processor.
There are many applications such as: real time geo-steering, borehole profiling, borehole stability, break out detection, dip and azimuth, fracture detection, etc., that require real time data and imaging. Bandwidth limitations in MWD are one of the most challenging problems for real time applications. Currently the bandwidth ranges from 4 to 20 bits/sec, with a bit error rate dependant on depth, mud weight, downhole pressure, pipe diameter, etc. The demand for real time data is growing much faster than the demand for bandwidth. Data compression and image compression provide a solution to maximize utilization of BW.
In order to improve reliability of the compression technique and thereby minimize transmission time, data type, drilling processes, and bit error rates have to be considered when designing compression algorithms. Formation data in LWD is continuously collected during the drilling process. The borehole shape can be described as a circle or as an ellipse. Image data is usually presented as a rectangular matrix (depth vs. azimuth). The horizontal axis represents azimuthal information while the vertical axis represents depth. Every depth increment represents a period of time where the tool has rotated one or more times. High accuracy data are only required for certain depth intervals in the well. Predetermined knowledge about the well is available from models, seismic data, or offset wells, which helps to determine those regions of interest.
MWD provides continuous data while drilling. The data needs to be divided into segments in such a way that segmentation does not occur at the middle of a feature (i.e.: bed boundary). Equally spaced depth segmentation may destroy the feature if segmentation occurs in the middle of a feature.
MWD provides continuous data while drilling. The data needs to be divided into segments in such a way that segmentation does not occur at the middle of a feature (i.e.: bed boundary). Equally spaced depth segmentation may destroy the feature if segmentation occurs in the middle of a feature.
MWD sensors are 20 to 100 feet behind the bit. Latency is defined as the time from when the sensors see the formation to the time when that information is available at surface. For the same signal to noise ratio, reducing the size of a data block reduces the compression ratio while increasing the latency.
Getting data from tool memory can take up too several days, (i.e.: pulling the tool to surface). If the tool is lost down hole, the data is lost.
There is a need for a method of real time imaging of data acquired downhole and extracting features descriptive of the data so that the extracted features can be transmitted uphole substantially in real time within the limitations of the telemetry system that is available. The present invention satisfies this need.
One embodiment of the invention is a method of evaluating an earth formation. A bottomhole assembly is conveyed into a borehole in the earth formation. Measurements indicative of a property of the earth formation are made with a formation evaluation sensor on the BHA during rotation of the BHA. The presence of a feature is identified in the measurements and data indicative of a region of interest including the feature is transmitted to a surface location. Identification of a feature may be done by using a cost function based on a direction of change of the measurements and a change in a value of the measurements. The feature may be a bed boundary in the earth formation. The transmitted data may include a dip and a location of a bed boundary. The transmission may be done with substantially zero latency. An additional feature may be identified with a drill stand prior to transmission of the data. A data-compression operation using a discrete cosine transform or a wavelet transform may be used. The data may be quantized using a set partitioning in a hierarchical tree. The measurements may be density measurements, porosity measurements and/or resistivity measurements. A image of the formation may be reconstructed.
Another embodiment of the invention is an apparatus for evaluating an earth formation. The apparatus includes a bottomhole assembly (BHA) conveyed into a borehole in the earth formation. At least one formation evaluation sensor on the BHA makes a measurement indicative of a property of the formation during rotation of the BHA. A processor identifies a feature in the measurements and transmits data to a surface location indicative of a region of interest including the feature. The processor may identify the feature by using a cost function based on a direction of change of the measurements and a change in the value of the measurements. The feature identified by the processor may be related to a bed boundary. The processor may further check for a latency key. The processor may further identify the presence of an additional feature in the measurements within a drill stand. The processor may perform a data compression using a discrete cosine transform and/or a wavelet transform. The processor may perform a set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT). The FE sensor may be a density sensor, a porosity sensor and/or a resistivity sensor. A drilling tubular may convey the BHA into the borehole. The apparatus may further include an orientation sensor which makes measurements during rotation of the BHA and the processor may use the orientation sensor measurements in binning measurements made by the FE sensor.
Another embodiment of the invention is a computer-readable medium for use with an apparatus for evaluating an earth formation. The apparatus includes a bottomhole assembly (BHA) conveyed into a borehole in the earth formation. At least one formation evaluation (FE) sensor makes measurements indicative of a property of the earth formation during rotation of the BHA. The medium comprises instructions that enable a processor to identify the presence of a feature in the measurements and transmit data to a surface location indicative of a region of interest including the feature. The medium may include a ROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM, a flash memory, and/or an optical disk.
Another embodiment of the invention is a method of evaluating an earth formation. A bottomhole assembly (BHA) is conveyed into a borehole in the earth formation. A formation evaluation sensor on the BHA makes measurements indicative of a property of the earth formation during rotation of the BHA. An image substantially covering 360� is defined from the measurements. The full image is compressed using a 2-D transform of the entire image and a quantization. A compressed image is then transmitted to the surface. The measurements may include density measurements, porosity measurements and/or resistivity measurements. An image of the formation may be reconstructed from the compressed image. The quantization may involve a set partitioning in hierarchical trees.
Another embodiment of the invention is an apparatus for evaluating an earth formation. The apparatus includes a bottomhole assembly (BHA) conveyed in a borehole in the earth formation. At least one formation evaluation (FE) sensor makes measurements indicative of a property of the earth formation during rotation of the BHA. A processor accumulates measurements to define an image over substantially 360� over a range of depths, compresses the entire image using a single 2-D transform and a quantization, and transmits a compressed image to a surface location. The FE sensor may be a density sensor, a porosity sensor or a resistivity sensor. The apparatus may further include a surface processor which reconstructs an image of the formation.
For detailed understanding of the present invention, references should be made to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like elements have been given like numerals, wherein:
The present invention is described with reference to a drilling assembly, although many of the methods of the present invention are also applicable with logging tools conveyed on a wireline and may also be used in cased boreholes.
During drilling, a suitable drilling fluid 31 from a mud pit (source) 32 is circulated under pressure through the drill string 20 by a mud pump 34. The drilling fluid passes from the mud pump 34 into the drill string 20 via a desurger 36 and the fluid line 38. The drilling fluid 31 discharges at the borehole bottom 51 through openings in the drill bit 50. The drilling fluid 31 circulates uphole though the annular space 27 between the drill string 20 and the borehole 26 and returns to the mud pit 32 via a return line 35 and drill cutting screen 85 that removes the drill cuttings 86 from the returning drilling fluid 31 b. A sensor S1 in line 38 provides information about the fluid flow rate. A surface torque sensor S2 and a sensor S3 associated with the drill string 20 respectively provide information about the torque and the rotational speed of the drill string 20. Tubing injection speed is determined from the sensor S5, while the sensor S6 provides the hook load of the drill string 20.
In some applications the drill bit 50 is rotated by only rotating the drill pipe 22. However, in many other applications, a downhole motor 55 (mud motor) is disposed in the drilling assembly 90 to rotate the drill bit 50 and the drill pipe 22 is rotated usually to supplement the rotational power, if required, and to effect changes in the drilling direction. In either case, the ROP for a given BHA largely depends on the WOB or the thrust force on the drill bit 50 and its rotational speed.
The mud motor 55 is coupled to the drill bit 50 via a drive disposed in a bearing assembly 57. The mud motor 55 rotates the drill bit 50 when the drilling fluid 31 passes through the mud motor 55 under pressure. The bearing assembly 57 supports the radial and axial forces of the drill bit 50, the downthrust of the mud motor 55 and the reactive upward loading from the applied weight on bit. A lower stabilizer 58 a coupled to the bearing assembly 57 acts as a centralizer for the lowermost portion of the drill string 20.
A surface control unit or processor 40 receives signals from the downhole sensors and devices via a sensor 43 placed in the fluid line 38 and signals from sensors S1-S6 and other sensors used in the system 10 and processes such signals according to programmed instructions provided to the surface control unit 40. The surface control unit 40 displays desired drilling parameters and other information on a display/monitor 42 that is utilized by an operator to control the drilling operations. The surface control unit 40 contains a computer, memory for storing data, recorder for recording data and other peripherals. The surface control unit 40 also includes a simulation model and processes data according to programmed instructions. The control unit 40 is preferably adapted to activate alarms 44 when certain unsafe or undesirable operating conditions occur.
The BHA may also contain formation evaluation sensors or devices for determining resistivity, density and porosity of the formations surrounding the BHA. A gamma ray device for measuring the gamma ray intensity and other nuclear and non-nuclear devices used as measurement-while-drilling devices are suitably included in the BHA 90. As an example,
An inclinometer 74 and a gamma ray device 76 are suitably placed along the resistivity measuring device 64 for respectively determining the inclination of the portion of the drill string near the drill bit 50 and the formation gamma ray intensity. Any suitable inclinometer and gamma ray device, however, may be utilized for the purposes of this invention. In addition, position sensors, such as accelerometers, magnetometers or gyroscopic devices may be disposed in the BHA to determine the drill string azimuth, true coordinates and direction in the wellbore 26. Such devices are known in the art and are not described in detail herein.
In the above-described configuration, the mud motor 55 transfers power to the drill bit 50 via one or more hollow shafts that run through the resistivity measuring device 64. The hollow shaft enables the drilling fluid to pass from the mud motor 55 to the drill bit 50. In an alternate embodiment of the drill string 20, the mud motor 55 may be coupled below resistivity measuring device 64 or at any other suitable place. The above described resistivity device, gamma ray device and the inclinometer are preferably placed in a common housing that may be coupled to the motor. The devices for measuring formation porosity, permeability and density (collectively designated by numeral 78) are preferably placed above the mud motor 55. Such devices are known in the art and are thus not described in any detail.
As noted earlier, a large portion of the current drilling systems, especially for drilling highly deviated and horizontal wellbores, utilize coiled-tubing for conveying the drilling assembly downhole. In such application a thruster 71 is deployed in the drill string 90 to provide the required force on the drill bit. For the purpose of this invention, the term weight on bit is used to denote the force on the bit applied to the drill bit during the drilling operation, whether applied by adjusting the weight of the drill string or by thrusters. Also, when coiled-tubing is utilized the tubing is not rotated by a rotary table, instead it is injected into the wellbore by a suitable injector 14 a while the downhole motor 55 rotates the drill bit 50.
The azimuthal (horizontal) axis of the image goes from 0 to 360�. During drilling the tool sensors intersect and record bed boundaries. The intersections appear on the image as sine waves with a period of 360�. For density data or resistivity date, bed boundaries are represented by sine waves in 90% of the cases. Drilling through an intersection of multiple beds, faults or fractures can produce more complicated shapes. DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) technique provides more efficient image compression than WT (Wavelet Transform), even though WT has better energy localization than DCT.
In real time geosteering, it may be desirable to stay within the boundaries of one formation, and capture only that portion of data where the tool crosses or approaches that bed boundary. Also, it may be desirable to capture bed boundaries which have specific relative dip-angle, or other criteria.
A cost function (defined as a function generated from data to locate a bed boundary, and determine the density value) is combined with an image compression technique to provide a reconfigurable algorithm. This process provides better compression ratios (and efficiencies) when using small blocks of data. It also allows calculation of relative apparent dip angle and dynamically determines compression ratio.
MWD telemetry continuously adjusts its frequency according to depth, mud weight, etc. The telemetry rate (communication) from tool to surface versus surface to tool is much faster. Typically, it takes 5 to 15 min. to down-link a command. Communication is considered half duplex for all applications. Parity check is used to determine if a single bit error has occurred. It does not guarantee error-free transmission. Compressed data requires near error free telemetry. As the bit error rate increases, the amount of data that can be compressed decreases. This will minimize data loss.
Broadly speaking, three methods may be used in the present invention. The first one, referred to as Method 1, is used uf the bit error rate is greater than about 10−1 and zero latency is desired. Method 2 is used if data needs to be compressed and then transmitted at every drill stand (when drilling is interrupted to add another length of drill-pipe). Method 3 is used when image compression based on feature extraction is desirable.
A first embodiment of the invention, referred to as Method 1, compresses only one azmuthal acquisition at a time (# of sectors per depth sample). It does not use information from multiple depth samples. For density data in this example, the acquisition consists of 8 sectors but any number are possible. The binning of the data into sectors may be done using a correction for non-uniform rotation of the BHA as taught in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/998,494 of Estes et al., having the same assignee as the present invention and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The DCT is an energy localization technique applied to these data, however the WT can also be used similarly. The 1-dimensional DCT is calculated for a vector of length N using:
It should be noted that the term "depth" as used in this document generally refers to the vertical direction in image plots and is not the true depth of the borehole. In this sense, measurements at a single depth refers to measurements made over a single revolution of the BHA. The conversion of the measurements to true depth is done at the surface using known methods.
We refer to data that is compressed with a 16 bit word defined as low resolution and data compressed with a 32 bit word as high resolution. For low resolution compression, at least the largest two coefficients (DCT) are kept and quantized. The rest of the coefficients will be set to zero. For high resolution compression, at least the largest three coefficients (DCT) will be kept and quantized. The rest of the coefficients will set to zero. Data is compressed downhole, then uncompressed on surface, then displayed as a 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional image, or as log curves.
The compression algorithm can be applied to individual depth levels with some depth levels skipped.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, referred to as Method 2, data over a drill stand (data acquired for the addition of a single segment of pipe to the drill string) is accumulated and compressed. Compression of the data is carried out using a 2-D DCT, which is a method of energy localization. The size of a data block from one drill stand at 2 samples per foot equals 8 times 180 data points. A 2-D DCT is applied on the entire image with out segmentation. It takes more time to calculate a 2-D DCT when it is applied to the entire data set without blocking data, but it is a more efficient compression method. It reduces the blocking effect with a higher compression ratio, and allows the use of DCT as an efficient multi-resolution image compression technique. It should be noted that instead of a DCT, a wavelet-transform could be used.
An 8 times 256 block of data with block size of 8 by 8, the calculation time through azimuthal data is not going to change, but the calculation time through depth data will be increased by approximately a factor of 2. However there is a significant time savings by rearranging blocks and dealing with the DC component for every block. The DC value will be replaced by the difference between its estimated value and its actual value, as in Method I.
The second part of the compression is quantization. Data quantization has been spilt into two steps, dynamic range reduction, and a modified EZW (Embedded Zero-tree Wavelet encoder). The modified EZW involves set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT). Prior art methods segment the entire image to be compressed into a number of blocks, and apply the DCT and EZE to the separate blocks. It is well known that EZW is not an efficient method of compression when it is used in this manner with DCT. In the present invention, the combination of DCT (or a wavelet-transform) and SPIHT is done without blocking of the image. Using DCT (or a wavelet-transform) without blocking data lets SPIHT produce a multi-resolution data/image compression with a high compression ratio. SPIHT is discussed in Data Compression: the Complete References, 1998, Second Edition, David Salomon, Springer Verlag.
A linear quantizer is used, however in some cases coefficients have very big values relative to other coefficients. It is likely that those values will be located in the first column of data based on the properties of the 2-D DCT. The number of elements in the first column depends on the block data size. If the length of the data is less than 360 depth intervals, the largest coefficients will be located in the first eight elements of the first column. So the integer values of the first few coefficients are coded separately and are replaced by the difference between their actual value and their coded value. Data are multiplied by a quantization matrix, which has been obtained using a statistical method over large data sets, then quantized by SPIHT.
The data matrix is scanned with multiple passes. In every pass every element is compared to a threshold. If it is above that threshold it is replaced by the actual value of the element minus a constant times the threshold. The constant is calculated adaptively. The threshold is reduced in a predetermined order for every pass until a desired tolerance has been achieved. Every pass represents one level of data/image resolution. The first part of the image data is important to be able recover the image. Compressed data is stored in downhole (tool) memory with a high resolution. The user determines the size of the transmitted data block, which defines the resolution of the reconstructed data/image.
The third part of image compression is coding. Data is encoded with two steps. dynamic range reduction code, and SPIHT Code. For the dynamic range reduction code, the first eight data points are assigned three bits per data point. If a data point has a maximum value it indicates that the next value should be added to the maximum value of the current data to obtain the actual data value for that element. The output of SPIHT is one of four symbols (P, N, Z, and T), where the symbol T has more probability to be found in the data, then the other symbols. T is assigned 0, Z assigned 10, N is 110, and P is assigned 111.
Image/data compression based on feature extraction is a technique that uses predetermined knowledge from offset wells, seismic data and models, to optimize bandwidth, improve compression ratio, and automate the compression algorithm. Only data from regions that meets specific criteria (region of interest) are compressed and transmitted. Regions that have uncertainty are compressed and transmitted with low resolution. Feature extraction has been achieved using what is called a cost function.
Feature extraction allows the transmission of image data related to a region of interest with zero latency. Method 3 is used to dump tool memory without segmenting data in the middle of a feature, and with a variable compression ratio. A cost function, based on direction of change in data and changes in value, is used to extract features. An example of the use of a cost functions is found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/892,011 of Hassan et al., having the same assignee as the present invention and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Any maximum or minimum of that cost function indicates possible locations of bid boundaries (feature). A region between two zeros around a maximum or minimum indicates a possible location of a feature. Zeroes are obtained from the first derivative of the cost function. If the slope of the cost function in the neighborhood of an expected segmentation is close to zero, this means that there are no shared features in the current block of data with the next block of data. If the absolute value of the cost function is close to or greater than one, it means that there is a feature that is going to be shared between that block and the next data block. In case of a feature that shares two data blocks, the size of the first block will be modified, so that feature will only be allocated to one data block. The distance between location of the last zero of the first derivative of the Cost Function and the end of the current data block determines the overlap region.
When a tool intersects bed boundaries, it generally appears as an ellipse, which has two major axis of symmetry; vertical axis, and horizontal axis. In the case where the shape of a feature is not an ellipse, bed boundaries will have a horizontal axis of symmetry. A cost function gives information about the variation of formation density around the borehole, the start of a bed boundary, the end of a bed boundary, the density value, the direction of change of data, and the horizontal axis of symmetry which corresponds to the point that has zero slop in the cost function. The cost function is shown in the left side of
Based on the symmetry, the expected value of the data returns to its previous value, and the slope of the data approaching that point may be changed. It may change due to the rate of penetration. As soon as the data returns to it previous value, the tool sends two status bits to confirm data validity, otherwise it recompresses the second half of the feature and sends it to surface. In this case the latency will be half of the time required to transmit this feature. Predetermined knowledge about the reservoir allows the cost function to trigger on data with specific criteria.
The cost function indicates the start and the end of the region of interest that needs to be compressed and transmitted. The region of interest is selected automatically. Most features have a cosine wave shape. These features can be clustered, and compressed further based on vector quantization strategy. Only regions of interest are compressed, transmitted and displayed at surface, as shown in
The cost function allows us to compress specific regions, with high resolution, some regions with low resolution, and other regions with no transmission. In addition, it is possible to detect features at specific apparent dip angle, or to detect bed boundary crossings during reservoir navigation.
It should be noted that Methods 2 and 3 are both techniques that use DCT (or a wavelet-transform) to compress data/images as multi-resolution images.
Turning now to
The data acquisition and processing may be controlled at least in part by the downhole electronics. Implicit in the control and processing of the data is the use of a computer program on a suitable machine readable medium that enables the processors to perform the control and processing. The machine readable medium may include ROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, Flash Memories and Optical disks. The term processor is intended to include devices such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
While the foregoing disclosure is directed to the preferred embodiments of the invention, various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is intended that all variations within the scope and spirit of the appended claims be embraced by the foregoing disclosure.
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|Citing Patent
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|Mar 19, 2008
|Sep 13, 2011
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Formation evaluation using estimated borehole tool position
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|Oct 22, 2013
|Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
|System and method for data compression using a field programmable gate array
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 20, 2006
Owner name: BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HASSAN, GAMAL A.;KURKOSKI, PHILIP L.;REEL/FRAME:018285/0677;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060829 TO 20060830
|Sep 23, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 22, 2016
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 9, 2016
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 1, 2016
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20160909


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421 pages, Illus, figs, tabs
Revised edition of this succesful textbook which covers ocean resources, the law of the sea, migration of specific marine creatures, global warming, the conseqences of oil spills, and other environmental management issues.
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Discussion in 'Fan Zone' started by REDVOLUTION, Mar 30, 2014.
So he overrated Troy Aikman?
This is what Jerry is thinking.
Every team has a chance when they all sit at 0-0.
97-00, yup
It all depends on the rehab. I'm sure the Cowboys have some of the best in that area. Rehabbing to play QB in the NFL is much different than rehabbing to sit on the couch and watch QB's play in the NFL.
Jerry overrates every one of his players. Always has.
He never overrated Felix Jones or Tashard Choice.
Now Troy Aikman is overrated?
lol. This website.
Considering we just gave him $100 million dollars, you better hope he isn't.


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by Orion
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Product ID: 431032
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We are able to see the Moon at night thanks to sunlight reflecting off its rocky surface. When looking at the Moon
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|Tainted Love Issue #1
|Comic Book Number 7
|Written by
|David Tischman, Mariah Huehner
|Full color, Created with 12 different covers.
|Comic Guide
| previous
Issue #6
| next
Issue #8 [TL#2]
Comic Book Series - Tainted Love 1 refers to the first issue of the second story arc of the comic book series designed to complement, and are based on, the HBO original series True Blood. Published by the accomplished IDW Publishing, Tainted Love 1 is the seventh comic book within the True Blood comic book series.
Tainted Love, part 1. Our friends in Bon Temps just can't seem to catch a break these days. Sookie Stackhouse's world is turned upside down when contaminated bottles of Tru Blood cause the Southern Vampire population to go berserk! Looks like those growing human/vampire tensions aren't going to simmer down anytime soon! But who (or what) is behind the bad Blood'? And Hoyt plans to do what for Jessica?! The latest 'head-turning' story arc of the True Blood comic series starts here! Co-Written by Michael McMillian.
Story by/Written by


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Bradford Abbas and Ryme Intrinseca
Matt Wilkinson and Dan Bold explore to the south-west of Sherborne
Published in May '12
This walk is undemanding, in the peaceful countryside where Dorset begins to run into the area of south Somerset around Yeovil. It starts in Bradford Abbas, where the lovely golden limestone of the older part of the village is not overwhelmed – quite – by some Philistine modern development. Its towering glory, literally, is the parish church of St Mary, which rises to ninety feet and has been called 'a miniature cathedral'. It contains the tomb of William Harvey, who died of wounds received fighting for King James II at the battle of Bridport, the first skirmish after the Duke of Monmouth's rebel army had landed at Lyme Regis in 1685.
Clifton Maybank is one of Dorset's lost houses. The wing that remains is pretty impressive, but it is only a fragment of the mansion built in the 16th century for the Horsey family. Most of it was demolished in 1786 and much of the stone, including a complete front, was bought by Edward Phelips, who re-used it in his house at Montacute in Somerset. Montacute House, now a National Trust property, is only six miles away.
Ryme Intrinseca has three claims to fame. First, its name, which means land lying within the manor of Ryme. 'Ryme' is the same word as 'rim' and refers to the shape of the land hereabouts and not, as has been suggested, to the village's proximity to the edge of Dorset. The now defunct name, Ryme Extrinseca, was given to lands owned by the manor in Long Bredy. Second, its parish church, which is one of only two in the country dedicated to St Hippolyte, and which has all the quirkiness and sense of historical continuity that you find in the best village churches. Third and most recent, the delightfully imaginative conversion of its old red telephone box into a book exchange.
1 Walk up the village street with the Rose & Crown on the right. Pass between the church on the right and the village hall and school on the left. Turn left into Mill Lane, down the side of the school. At the end of the lane bear right onto a track and in front of a metal gate turn left down an enclosed path to a bridge. On the other side of the bridge, turn right to follow the right-hand edge to the very far end of the field. Here go through a kissing gate and under one of the arches of the rather grandly named Bradford Viaduct. Emerge into an open field and parallel the right-hand edge until about two-thirds of the way along the field, where it turns sharply away to the right (the house of Clifton Maybank is coming into view at this point). Head in the same direction as before, towards a metal gate at a junction between a hedgerow and a wooden fence.
2 Turn right on the road beyond and follow it for just over ½ mile to the drive to Cowpool Farm. Turn left on this drive and follow it through the farm buildings and down a track running to the right of a large barn. Where the track swings sharply to the right, continue straight ahead until a hedgerow on the far side comes into view, then head for the point where it meets a large wood on the left. (If the field is in use, reach this point by turning left on leaving the track and right at the next corner.) Go through a gap into the next field and follow round the edge of the wood, going through a gate into the next field. The edge of the wood bends gently left then right before turning sharply away to the left. At this point, continue straight ahead along a hedgerow on the left and over a rise. At the top of the rise, go through a metal gate and continue on a track through woodland. The track then runs between hedges and under a pylon line to join the paved drive of Frankham Farm. Go straight ahead towards the farmhouse, leaving it on the left to continue down the drive to a road. Turn left and walk into Ryme Intrinseca.
3 Just after the telephone box converted to a library, turn left on a track which runs down the far side of the Old School House. Bear right then left down a path at the end of the track, cross a stile and follow the left-hand field-edge to a bridge and stile. Bear left to cross another stile at the next corner in a few yards. Turn right to follow the right-hand edge of this and the next field. Cross the first stile on the right in the second field, then turn left to follow the left-hand edge for about 200 yards, at which point strike off diagonally across the field to the far right-hand corner (or, if the field is in use, continue up the edge, turning right at the next corner to reach the far right-hand corner). Go through a metal gate into woodland and turn immediately right over a stile. Follow the path that runs along this narrow belt of woodland, for the most part just inside its left-hand edge.
4 Reaching a distinct cross-paths in about ¼ mile, turn left and head across an open field, aiming to reach the far side just where it is crossed by the further line of wires. Here join a track which crosses the next field and bears left into Clifton Farm. Walk ahead down the farm's paved drive, past a yellow-painted house on the right and, at the bottom of a slope, the drive to another house. Immediately past this drive, cross a bridge and stile in the hedgerow on the right. Bear half-left and cross to a stile a little more than halfway along the left-hand side of the field. In the next field, bear right towards the very far right-hand corner. Some 80 yards to the left of it, cross a stile and follow a rather indistinct path through a small patch of woodland to arrive at another stile. Turn right and walk to a railway crossing, after which bear left and head for a stile rather to the left of a line to the clearly visible tower of Bradford Abbas parish church. Cross the road beyond on a slight right-left dog-leg and go through a kissing-gate. Cross the field and turn right to follow the left-hand edge to a kissing-gate onto a bridge. Now retrace your steps from the start of the walk: go up the enclosed path ahead, turn right onto the track, left onto Mill Lane, and right onto the main road through the village to return to your car.
Distance: About 6¼ miles.
Terrain: Not at all challenging. Roads and field-paths, with no steep gradients. The two stretches of road can be busy and must be negotiated with care. One stretch of woodland may be muddy.
Start: In the village street of Bradford Abbas, near the Rose and Crown. OS ref ST588142. Postcode DT9 6RF.
How to get there: On the southern edge of Sherborne, turn west off the A352 towards Thornford and Yetminster. Continue for about 4¾ miles to a turning on the left, signed to Bradford Abbas, which leads directly into the village street.
Maps: OS Explorer 129 (Yeovil & Sherborne); OS Landranger 183 (Yeovil & Frome).
Refreshments: The Rose & Crown, Bradford Abbas.


text:
Keen edge was a transmutation spell that doubled an edged weapon's ability to deal critical wounds.
- ↑ Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook, Skip Williams (July 2003). Player's Handbook 3.5 edition. (Wizards of the Coast). ISBN 0-7869-2886-7.
- ↑ Richard Baker, James Wyatt (March 2004). Player's Guide to Faerûn. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 88. ISBN 0-7869-3134-5.
|This article is a stub. You can help the Forgotten Realms Wiki by expanding it.


text:
Equilibrium GDP on the demand side occurs when total spending
equals total production, and inventories are zero.
equals total production, and firms are unable to adjust inventories.
exceeds total production, and inventories are rising.
equals total production, and inventories remain at desired levels.
is less than total production, and inventories are falling.
The expenditure schedule will shift upward when
net exports decrease.
net exports increase.
total imports increase.
total exports decrease.
If total spending exceeds total output, then
inventory levels will rise.
inventory levels will remain constant.
inventory levels will fall.
output will eventually decrease.
The aggregate demand curve
slopes upward.
slopes downward.
is perfectly vertical.
is perfectly horizontal.
In the income-expenditure model, at equilibrium GDP
either unemployment or inflation may occur.
inflation can occur but unemployment cannot.
unemployment can occur but inflation cannot.
both unemployment and inflation are impossible.
John Maynard Keynes concluded that investment spending is determined by
business confidence.
economic expectations.
psychological perceptions about the economy.
All of the above are correct.
Government stabilization policy
cannot influence investment spending
can stimulate aggregate demand and thereby induce businesses to invest, but the amount is
not totally predictable.
can stimulate aggregate demand, but investment spending will not be affected.
can stimulate aggregate demand, but only in the long run.
Given the slope of the aggregate demand curve, real GDP demanded will decrease when
real income rises.
real income falls.
the price level falls.
the price level rises.
A level of GDP cannot be at equilibrium when aggregate demand exceeds output because firms will notice that
inventory stocks are building up.
inventory stocks are being depleted.
their profits are negative.
many of their workers have little to do.
45° line diagrams show how
investment varies with income.
expenditures vary with income.
investment spending rises when GDP rises.
GDP is affected by government purchases.
Writing during the Great Depression, Keynes naturally focused on problems of
budget deficits.
trade deficits.
At the equilibrium level of income it must be true that total
income equals total spending.
product equals total output.
output equals total inventory.
income equals total saving.
When equilibrium real GDP falls short of potential GDP, there is a(n)
inflationary gap.
potential gap.
recessionary gap.
precautionary gap.
In the circular flow diagram saving
is a leakage and investment is an injection.
and investment are both injections.
is an injection and investment is a leakage.
and investment are both leakages.
In the 2007-2009 period, the expenditure level in the United States intersected the 45-degree line below potential GDP, causing
a growing trade deficit.
a government budget surplus.
A rising price level should shift the expenditure schedule
upward and decrease equilibrium real GDP .
downward and increase equilibrium real GDP .
downward and decrease equilibrium real GDP .
upward and increase equilibrium real GDP .
When businesses are cutting back production, then it probably true that
total spending is greater than total output.
total output is greater than total income.
total spending is less than total output.
inventory levels are decreasing.
Each C + I + G + (X − IM) expenditure schedule is drawn assuming a specific
income level.
spending level.
production level.
price level.
The federal government could stimulate investment spending by
A) phasing out the depreciation allowance on corporate income taxes.
B) enacting an investment tax credit.
C) reinstating the windfall profits tax.
D) reducing the tax rate on capital gains.
E) Both b and d are correct.
If the price level rises, the effect on the expenditure schedule and equilibrium real GDP is to
increase both.
decrease both.
shift the expenditure schedule upward and decrease equilibrium real GDP.
Stagflation" refers to the unwelcome combination of
inflation and rising prices.
deflation and unemployment.
inflation and unemployment.
inflation and expansion.
To calculate a firm's per unit of output profit, it is necessary to subtract
price from cost per unit.
price from resource costs.
cost per unit from product price.
cost per unit from cost of resources.
Increases in the availability of natural resources will affect the aggregate supply curve such that it
shifts inward and becomes flatter.
shifts inward.
shifts outward.
becomes flatter.
becomes steeper.
In contrast to changes in government spending, tax changes affect spending
in the same proportion.
by a greater amount.
How does a tax cut affect the expenditure schedule?
It causes movement to the left along the schedule.
It causes the schedule to shift upward.
It causes movement to the right along the schedule.
It causes the schedule to shift downward.
How will a cut in a fixed tax affect the consumption schedule?
It will shift downward.
It will shift upward.
It will become flatter.
It will become steeper.
In 2009, President Obama and Congress stimulated aggregate demand by
increasing taxes and government spending.
decreasing taxes and government spending.
increasing taxes and decreasing government spending.
decreasing taxes and increasing government spending.
For conservatives, the United States needs
an expanded public sector to protect consumers.
a smaller public sector and less regulation.
a larger tax rate and more government spending.
more public goods and services, such as national health care.
The slope of the aggregate supply curve increases as output increases because
the cost of resource-use increases as potential is reached.
consumers are willing to pay more as output expands.
firms substitute capital for labor as prices increase.
firms substitute capital for labor as capacity is reached.
"Fiscal Policy" is the federal government's plan for
international trade, designed to balance exports and imports.
spending and taxes, designed to influence the level of aggregate demand.
manipulating the money supply and the control of interest rates.
If the price level in Figure below were 120,
there would be excess goods on the market.
firms would have to raise their prices.
inventories would be disappearing.
aggregate quantity demanded would exceed aggregate quantity supplied.
When government spending is added to the basic macroeconomic model, the multiplier for G would
be higher than the multiplier for autonomous spending.
be lower than the multiplier for autonomous spending.
be equal to the multiplier for autonomous spending.
have no relationship to the autonomous spending multiplier.
An increase in wages will cause the aggregate supply curve to
shift outward.
shift inward.
become flatter.
become steeper.
If wealthy U.S. consumers save most of their tax cut, this means that, compared to government spending changes,
tax changes would have a higher multiplier effect.
tax changes would have a weaker multiplier effect.
government spending would have a weaker multiplier effect.
U.S. consumers would spend all of their tax cut.
The existence of an inflationary gap or an recessionary gap depends on the
aggregate supply only.
expenditure schedule.
leakages schedule.
injections schedule.
aggregate demand and aggregate supply schedules.
In 2009, the U.S. economy was experiencing a(n)
balance of trade deficit.
To eliminate an inflationary gap, the aggregate demand curve should
become vertical.
become horizontal.
shift inward.
If resource prices are fixed and the selling price rises, then
profits will decrease.
profits will increase.
profits will remain constant.
both profits and output will decrease.
Economists generally assume that there is a short-run trade-off between
output and employment.
inflation and employment.
inflation and unemployment.
output and growth.
The slope of the aggregate supply curve is
perfectly vertical.
perfectly horizontal.
The president has influence on Federal Reserve policy because
he can veto any Fed policy.
he appoints the board members and the chair.
he can fire the chair.
he can replace board members at any time.
If the Fed buys a T-bill from a commercial bank, how will it pay for the T-bill?
It will give the bank new reserves.
It will write the bank a check.
It will transfer cash to the bank's vault.
It will take reserves from another bank.
Technically, the Federal Reserve district banks are corporations whose stockholders are the
state governments in each district.
citizens of the United States.
Departments of Treasury and Commerce.
member banks.
The Federal Open Market Committee meets
once a month.
eight times a year.
four times a year.
Agraria sends wheat to Cyberia in exchange for computers and technology goods. This is an example of
unidirectional trade.
joint venture.
monetary exchange.
The principal difference between income and money is that income is a ____ and money is a ____.
schedule, curve
point, line
stock, flow
flow, stock
The Federal Open Market Committee consists of
the president and the Board of Governors.
Congresspeople, Senators, and the Board of Governors.
the Secretary of the Treasury and the Board of Governors.
the Board of Governors and five district bank presidents.
The immediate impetus for the establishment of the Federal Reserve System came from
severe outbreaks of inflation in the early 1900s.
four severe banking panics between 1873 and 1907.
the discovery of gold in Alaska.
the desire to copy the founding of the Bank of England.
Nowadays, most observers believe that monetary policy
is less important than fiscal policy.
is more important than fiscal policy.
and fiscal policy are equally important.
and fiscal policy are both unimportant.
The central bank of the United States is known as the
Internal Revenue Service.
Federal Reserve System.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Department of Commerce.
Agraria uses bushels of wheat to quote prices. In this case, bushels of wheat act as a
medium of exchange.
store of value.
commodity value.
unit of account.
One advantage of a money system compared to a barter system is that
barter never works.
money creates the need for banks.
money is more efficient.
everyone has money.
Critics of Fed independence argue that
monetary policy and fiscal policy are necessarily inconsistent.
political control ensures low rates of inflation.
monetary policy run by specialists is inherently inflationary.
unelected officials are undemocratic.
Fiat money is money
backed by land.
backed by gold or silver.
that can be converted to gold or silver.
because a government says it is.
Which of the following is included in M1?
savings accounts
money market deposit accounts
money market mutual funds
certificates of deposit
None of the above are included.
Fiat money is
always backed by gold or silver.
useful in buying Italian cars.
only backed by government decree.
not as liquid as precious metals.
Barter is a system of
trade without the use of money.
trading one good for another.
the double coincidence of wants.
All of the above are correct.
People are often heard saying, "She makes good money." An economic interpretation of this statement would be that
she has an honest job.
she makes money that is not counterfeit.
she has a high income.
there is little inflation.
The primary feature of money is that it serves as
barter value.
a medium of exchange.
intrinsic value.
commodity value.
If depositors become worried about the safety of their deposit accounts, they may trigger a
deposit surplus.
bank run.
fiscal policy crisis.
required reserve increase.


text:
Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
Good quality hotel, lovely view, decent service, good room and bathroom. Hotel food was good for a buffet. Convenient for getting to beaches and into Chania, which is a lovely town. Twin beds rather than double (with separate covers) - not a big deal but a bit inconvenient even when pushed together. Also, we were staying near end of season so some things were winding down (like restaurant opening times). But very good overall.
Location/ Ambiance / Pool Area/ Night entertainment/ Drinks/ Relaxing/ Great for Kids
the location of the hotel is good. the pools in the hotel is just great!!! the view of both sea view room and pool are really stunning. The food is awful!!!! and the rooms are really old, no comfortable at all. like three stars! the service of hotel staff is just ok.
Very nice hotel with a great pool area and a perfect view. Close to Chania town.
Free upgrade to executive floor - amazing semiprivate pool!! Little flexibility with timetables - hot food not served in the pool at 4:03 pm when the official time finished at 4:00 pm
The Scenery fron the hotel was wonderful. having breakfast, near the pool was lovely, the pool was great, the rooms comfortable, and the bus into the old town started at the hotel gate No 23. Trying to walk up the very steep entrance way after a night of drinking the local whine
Breackfast was acceptable. Awful hotel,the bed was the most uncomfortable I have ever slept in, we got no sleep the whole night and we were refused a refund even thoiugh we did not stay the second night. The hotel is not a five star maybe a two star at most.
Good location and view. Prompt room service. Clean The main comment is that this hotel is not really a 5 star hotel rather it is a good 3 star / poor 4 Star hotel. Another point we did not like was that they did not read our request (we were honeymooning and requested to be in the Panorama blue section which is supposedly good). We got no upgrade or any special treatment because of our honeymoon in contrast to the other 2 hotels we stayed. We didn't like the breakfast time which was till 9:30, which was way too early for vacations, meaning that there was a lot of people trying to have breakfast between 9:00 - 9:30 with not enough tables to sit !!! The hotel staff was also rude on occasions. The rate was too high for what it was offered
nice view, good breakfast, nice hotel.
Very good pool, comfortable lounge and pleasant restaurant areas. The beds are too hard.
Comfortable base for exploring the area Dinner was not up to standard; this means, given remoteness of hotel, that one needs a car to go elsewhere!
Location and view were superb. Great pool; nice outside restaurant. Turn down the music at dinner a little. Not much local atmosphere..hotel seemed built on undeveloped land...no local village.
Location is very beautiful. Continual construction noise (jack-hammering all day). Lack of sufficient staff. Isolated location means that you always have to eat at the hotel restaurant (which is pricey and so-so).
Facilities Transportation to and fro airport, tourists attrations and towns
Very good hotel with nice staff. Excellent sea view Poor menu in restaurant if you don't like fish. A lot of Dutch soldiers every week due to a 3 year contract
Excellent service, fully eguipped double room, huge buffet breakfast, very nice surroundings, great location near the town of Chania but not too close to the extremely busy road by the sea. Ping-pong table is advertised but was not available. No real explanation given.
The wonderfull place the comfortable pools. The gardens like a nature forest.
Good pool, nice location to explore the chania area and wester crete. though one must have a car. The brakfeast times, froma 8 to 10 are note vacation friendly.
Excellent location, very nice surrounding area, very friendly and helpfull staff, very spacious room. One is tempted to stay in the resort complex all day. Our suite with a private pool felt smelt rather musty on the fisrt night, as though it hadn't been aired for several days. Also, beware that a private pool doesn't entail total privacy! Strangely enough, the suite did not include cooking facilities like our 'normal' double room in which we also stayed.


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SARASOTA, Fla. – It's been said that you must remember your past if you want to direct your future. Of course Sarasota was just a small fishing village until the 1920's, but most of those original buildings are already gone. For the month of May we're going to take you on a tour of some of the area's remaining historic buildings.
Let's start with Belle Haven, which now stands alone between the Sarasota Hyatt and the empty space where the Sarasota Quay used to stand. Originally called El Verona or Broadway Apartment Building, it stands empty and forlorn now. But in its heyday it was a sight to behold.
"It was built in 1925 and it opened in 1926 as the El Verona Apartments. It was purchased by Owen Burns for $250,000; there are 20 apartments in it, and it has a roof-top garden," says Sarasota County history specialist Jeff Lahurd.
The apartments were seasonal rentals with 2 or 3 bedrooms. An ad claimed they were lavishly furnished by Gimbles of New York.
They attracted upper middle class visitors. "They were snowbirds that came down for 3 or 4 months at a time. Some of the hotels were only open in the wintertime. People that came here, they had money."
The apartments are built in the Mediterranean Revival style so popular those days. "This was designed by Dwight James Baum, who also designed the Sarasota County Courthouse and Ca' d'Zan."
It was much nearer the water back then, and had a long dock with every room having a bay view. It was supposed to be the focal point of a huge "Central Broadway" development, but the 1927 land bust killed that project.
"It was like someone threw a switch and everything stopped and that was followed by the Great Depression in the '30s, and that was followed by World War 2. So everything that happened in 1925-26 stayed as it was until after World War 2," says Lahurd.
Then another boom ensued when many of the returning service men who'd been stationed on the Suncoast returned to make this their home. In 1983, the Belle Haven was put on the Register of Historic Places. In 1984 it changed from apartments to offices.
And what's next? "Sarasota never ends, in terms of the boom, the bust, the boom, the bust…that's a thread that runs through our history."
So there'll be another big development there, you can bet on it. We're in a boom period now; buildings go up, and buildings come down. Sarasota County historians are hoping that the Belle Haven survives to preserve Sarasota's history in a visual and concrete way.


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Description: The untold story of the flamboyant musical prodigy Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Americas first rock guitar diva Before "women in rock" became a catchphrase, Rosetta Tharpe proved that women could rock. Shout, Sister, Shout! is the first biography of this trailblazer who influenced scores of popular musicians and defied categorization. Walds biography, which draws on memories from more than 150 people who knew Tharpe, forever alters our understanding of women in rock and of U.S. popular music. "A book like this is long overdue. Rosetta Tharpe was a major star and a huge influence on the musicians of her day. Listen to her recordings and you can hear all the building blocks of rock and roll." -Joan Osborne, singer-songwriter "Rosetta was one of the most beloved and influential artists ever in gospel music . . . and she blazed a trail for the rest of us women guitarists with her in¬domitable spirit and accomplished, engaging style. She has long been deserving of wider recognition and a place of honor in the field of music history." -Bonnie Raitt "Rosetta Tharpes life is a classic American tall tale, ex¬cept that it happened, and, in these pages, you are there." -Greil Marcus, cultural critic "Rosetta Tharpe was one of my first influences, one of the first people I heard sing. Im glad Gayle Wald has done a book on her because people need to know." -Isaac Hayes
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List price: $18.00Copyright year: 2007Publisher: Beacon PressPublication date: 1/15/2008Binding: PaperbackPages: 264Size: 6.00" wide x 8.75" long x 0.75" tall Weight: 0.836Language: English
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URBANA — The people in this holiday card look a little peaked. Gray, even.
Of course they're supposed to be sculptures, so the pallor is somewhat natural.
Alma Mater and her friends, Learning and Labor, come to life in this year's holiday video greeting card from University of Illinois Chancellor Phyllis Wise.
Filmed at the UI President's House, the video opens with a shot of the fireplace in the library. The camera pans back to show Learning and Labor playing a game of chess on the floor. Watching from her "throne" is Alma herself, sipping a cup of tea.
After a voice-over greeting by the chancellor, we see her in the foreground saying, "From our family to yours, Happy Holidays." The video then fades out to a shot of the real Alma Mater sculpture in the snow.
Bonus feature: As the credits roll, viewers can click on pieces of memorabilia around the room to watch imbedded videos about the historic Morrow Plots, Ebertfest and other campus highlights.
Hover on the portrait of Professor Tony Leggett, and you'll learn about the UI's 22 Nobel Laureates and other faculty honorees.
The circa 1920s Red Grange doll (which, it must be said, bears a resemblance to the murderous "Chucky") lists athletic achievements through the years.
The doll, ordinarily housed in Sports Information Director Kent Brown's office, was a gift from a donor for a future Red Grange display. Some of his co-workers aren't too fond of Chucky — er, Red — whose eyes "seem like they're always looking at you," Brown said. "I had to move it to a spot where you couldn't see it from the doorway."
Grange, whose career expanded into movies and other business ventures, endorsed a range of products from candy bars to socks to, apparently, scary dolls.
"It's certainly a conversation piece," Brown said.
Here's a link to the video [3].
Props for the shoot were gathered from across campus, including Paralympian Jean Driscoll's medals and Roger Ebert's "Golden Thumb" award, said Robin Kaler, associate chancellor for public affairs, whose office produced the video.
Theater students Katarina Spungen (Alma), Martasia Jones (Learning) and Kevin Silverstein (Labor) brought the Alma Mater figures to life. They look uncannily real — and a bit like Dickens' Ghosts of Christmas Past.
The students went through two hours of make-up and costuming for the video shoot last month, said Lisa Lillig, assistant director for client relations at Krannert Center.
Lillig used layers of water-based paints called "Snazaroo" to get just the right shade for Alma and friends. Make-up artists painted the actors white, then stippled on royal blue, green and more white. Blue and darker green highlighted the actors' eyes and other features. Finally, they were dusted with bronzing powder for just the right patina, Lillig said.
Lillig had never transformed an actor into a statue before, but "I think they look fantastic," she said.
She matched the make-up to the costumes, which were created at Krannert over the summer to be used as stand-ins after the iconic campus sculpture was shipped to Chicago for restoration.
Anne De Velder, Krannert's costume shop manager, studied the sculpture itself and historical photos to get all the layers correct. Alma actually has a dress and a separate cloak, and special dyes were created to "match the statue dead-on," Lillig said. Learning has some quilting on the front of her clothes, and Labor's apron is hand-painted leather.
Adriane Donley, Krannert's prop director, re-created the throne, which is actually a frame surrounded by sturdy pink foam and then painted similar colors.
"Poor Alma got a little uncomfortable sitting in it all day," Lillig said.
The students also posed for a portrait on the vacant Alma Mater pedestal, drawing gawkers and photographers.
"It was so much fun to see," Lillig said. "Here she is, in life form."
I would suggest Wise turn her attention to bringing the union contract's back pay and raises up to speed as per our contractual agreements rather than making forgettable videos for YouTube. Thanks to her lack of action in this matter thousands of University employees will have a poorer holiday
Just think how much extra money you would have in your pocket if you didn't have to pay "forced" union dues? Not a hater of unions, I'm just sayin'.
I choose to be a full dues union member and having a local and national organization that represents my interests in the workplace costs money. Money I'm will to pay because I get more than my money's worth in protected benefits and structured pay increases so the union dues are a negligible cost to me.


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2000 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Questions
Get answers to questions about your 2000 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 at RepairPal. Find solutions, diagnose problems and get back on the road.Refine by vehicle
Started having problems with my heater last winter. It would not switch from ac to hear unless I turned my truck off. Well this year I've got no heater at all. It's not the control switch like I thought it might have been, already tried it. Do you have any suggestions?
Paint protecting covering peeling
Changed alternator still chargeing on 18 and the battery still on changed battery the battery light is still on
When you push end of shift lever to engage towing the towing on transmission does not engage. Truck equiped with tilt steering.
My truck seems to lock all 4 wheel at once. Replaced the master cylinder. Had the wheel speed sensors removed and cleaned. Calibers pads and rotors checked, no problems there. Truck will roll only about 25 feet ONLY after removing all fluid. Once replacing fluid and bleeding, ALL wheels lock; LOCK, will not turn none.
The air cond will run and for no apparent reason will turn off including fan motor on all speeds and then a few minutes later will turn back on
changed plugs,fuel filter, o2 sensors, air filter, cleaned MAF sensors, dist.cap rotor, plug wires, seafoam, techron, runs better when I unplug the MAF sensor, but it shifts hard when I do that. someone suggested the cats are restricted
If I replace the key ignition from plug in out will this fix the problem. It will start and run for two seconds and die.
I need step by step instructions on how to replace an A/C Evaporator on a 2000 100 Extended Cab Chevrolet Silverado.
2001 Silverado 4.3 ticks bad upon start up or if started after cooling down. Once warmed up ticking goes away. How do I fix or find the problem
Service Engine light came on and the code was P0440, I think.


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Prices of liquefied natural gas (LNG) for November delivery to Asia rose 4.1% to an average $15.864 per million British thermal units (/MMBtu), as North Asian utilities increased storage levels ahead of the peak winter demand season, according to the latest monthly Platts Japan/Korea Marker (JKM), which reflects month-ahead delivery. The monthly average Platts JKM for delivery in November was assessed from September 16 to October 14.
The increase in the November Platts JKM followed and partially reversed a 4.8% price decrease from the previous month to $15.235/MMBtu for October delivery.
On a year-over-year basis, the average November JKM was up 22.0% from the November 2012 average of $13.005/MMBtu.
"Trading for November delivery started slowly as buyers chose to remain on the sidelines and wait for clearer price indications for shoulder-month cargoes between the summer and winter cooling and heating seasons," said Sarah Cottle, global editorial director of power at Platts, a leading global energy, petrochemicals and metals information provider. "But a heightened contango* in pricing for December delivery enticed buyers with spare tank space to step up purchases for end-November, as they looked to build inventories ahead of December."
Spot demand from the utilities had been largely subdued in the early part of the month, but North Asia buyers began looking ahead to winter fundamentals and the potential inability of spot supplies to meet increased winter demand from Japan, South Korea and China. This put upside pressure on prices, as did Argentina's buy tender for 50 cargoes in 2014.
Meanwhile, thermal coal and fuel oil – also used to fuel Asian utilities and substitutes to LNG – registered year-over-year price declines for November delivery. Month-over-month prices were lower as well. According to Platts' latest data, assessed from September 16 to October 14, thermal coal prices for November delivery were down 3.5% from October and fuel oil down 2.1% from October.
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Hazeroth (Hebrew: חֲצֵרוֹת) is one of the locations (or "stations") that the Israelites stopped at during their forty years of wandering in the wilderness. It is referenced in the Torah in Numbers, chapters 11, 12 and 33, as well as in Deuteronomy, chapter 1. "Hazeroth" means yards.
At Hazeroth, Miriam was afflicted with tzaraath. For more details, see Snow-white Miriam.
Hazeroth is somewhere north of Mount Sinai and may be at the place now known as Ain el-Hudhera.
| Previous Station:
Kibroth Hattaavah
| The Exodus
Stations list
| Next Station:
|This article related to the Hebrew Bible is a stub. You can help by expanding it.
Some or all of this article is forked from Wikipedia. The original article was at Hazeroth (Conventional theories). The list of authors can be seen in the page history.


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To Sext or not to Sext
When New York politician Anthony Weiner was caught sexting behind his wife's back for the second time (he sent dirty texts to Sydney Leathers using the nickname Carlos Danger, and no, we're not making this up) we thought: there goes a man who needs a good sext guide.
Sexting is a practice you tend to hear about usually when celebrities, politicians or sports personalities get it horribly wrong, and usually when the other person has revealed all.
But we're not so far removed from famous folk that the rules of sexting don't apply to us too. After all, most of us have phones which a)can text and b)take photos.
Troi's warm smile and personality can be heard each Sunday as the inspiring sweetheart of the night. Troi has an ongoing love affair with her audience who tune in to hear her play, "Today's R&B and Old School" on V103. Troi also keeps her listeners topical, often discussing views on local, national and social issues ranging from relationship topics to encouraging listeners of their duty to vote.
A graduate of South Shore High School on Chicago's south side, where she grew up, Troi went on to receive a Bachelor of Science in Radio/Television at Southern Illinois University. While in college, Troi did news for WSIU-TV and WSIU-FM. After college she went on to program and host middays for a rock station and since then worked in St. Louis , Birmingham and New York. Prior to joining V103 in 2000, Troi hosted the number one rated late show :" Whispers In The Dark" .Troi loves mentoring young people and she is very involved with many charitable organizations throughout the year. When she isn't on the air, she spends quality time with family and friends.Join Troi 7pm-10pm Sundays on V103!


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We're auctioning this off ...
The auction is NOW OPEN ....
Submit your bid now to firstname.lastname@example.com ... Please include your full name, where you're from and a number to get in touch with you, should you be the high bidder!
DEADLINE FOR BIDS will be 2:30pm tomorrow (Friday, April 4th)
We're going to help the Washington State Tier II Champions, Team Seattle Bantam Minor, offset expenses for the USA Hockey 2014 National Championships in Hackensack, NJ, April 2-6.
Team Seattle Bantam Minor is a 14U Tier II hockey team made up of boys from across Western Washington (Bellingham to Bonney Lake; and everywhere in between). The boys won the Pacific Northwest Amateur Hockey Association Tier II State Tournament and earned their way to the USA Hockey 2014 National Championships!
We'll be auctioning the jersey below ... This jersey is from northwest native and US Olympic, TJ Oshie that he has so generously donated.
in the mean time, please consider donating to support the team so they can enjoy this once-in-a-lifetime experience! CLICK HERE TO DONATE
Thanks to all who have given so far...these funds are helping each and every one of these boys as they will be used for team expenses (which are many when traveling with 18 teenagers!!)


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Press and Media Inquiries
To learn more about the GreatNonprofits Top-Rated Awards recipients, methodology, and past winners, contact us at email@example.com.
|Nonprofit Name
|City and State
|# of Stories
|Adult Reading Center Inc
|Pearland, TX
|Human Services
|5 34 Stories
|34 Stories
|Family Service Association
|San Antonio, TX
|Human Services
|5 11 Stories
|11 Stories
|Cornerstone Assistance Network Inc
|Ft. Worth, TX
|Human Services
|4.92 13 Stories
|13 Stories
|West Texas Boys Ranch
|San Angelo, TX
|Human Services
|5 14 Stories
|14 Stories
|YWCA Greater Austin
|Austin, TX
|Human Services
|5 19 Stories
|19 Stories
|Camp Blessing Texas (formerly Camp Barnabas Tx)
|Brenham, TX
|Human Services
|4.99 70 Stories
|70 Stories
|nonPareil Institute
|Plano, TX
|Human Services
|4.98 120 Stories
|120 Stories
|Babywearing International of Greater Austin
|Austin, TX
|Human Services
|5 16 Stories
|16 Stories


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Today it's that haul time again! I have lots of books for you, and also some DVDs and nail polish talk as well. It's going to be a month long collection, so lets get started right away!
Giveaway Wins: I have really been lucky lately!
| Cera's Place - Elizabeth McKenna @ Reading... Dreaming | Hooked - Christine Manzari @ Autumn Reviews | Revelations - Jennifer Carole Lewis @ Bad Bird Reads | Death Wish - Megan Tayte @ My Addiction: Books | Darkness and Luminaire - Ciye Cho @ Mermaid with a Book | Operation Deceit - K. Williams @ Fictionzeal | Teeth by Chele Cook |
For Review:
That's all from this book haul!
Olivia's Question: What new books have you acquired recently? What're you reading?
Olivia-Savannah x


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Awenydion of Bryn Du is a soothsayer from Ruddlestone.
He carries a staff and wears a Wolf-skin as a cloak, and has lost all his teeth.[1]
At the time of the events described in Knights of Doom, Awenydion, recounted, in the halls of Lord Varen of Cleeve Manor in Ruddlestone, that "Two months ago I left the dolmen of Manog and braved the steppes of Crun and the wilderlands to bring you tidings from the gods". Awenydion charges 3 Gold Pieces to tell the future, money which is well spent, since he "has been granted the Third Eye by his gods."[2]
The whereabouts of Bryn Du are unknown.
See AlsoEdit
- ↑ Knights of Doom - 40
- ↑ Knights of Doom - 258


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You always hear of small town love, support and pride – but what does that really mean?
Unlike John Mellencamp, I wasn't born in a small town, but my family's roots were pretty deep in one. Born and raised in Frankfort, we had the conveniences of more than a choice of either a burger or pizza and a bigger selection than the Dollar Store and Save-Way could provide.
I guess I really didn't understand it and fall into the mindset of loving the small-town atmosphere until I made Owen County my home in 2000.
The News-Herald said there were dogs missing in Gallatin County.
Well, they are in Owen County too.
I, Bert Wooten, had a dog taken from me in front of the county barn. A friend named Walker on Highway 22 East had one taken off the chain at his place. This needs to stop. The dogs had name plates on them.
Bert Wooten
By Chris Kenning
The Courier-Journal
Donald Trump's rhetoric about election rigging and voter fraud might not sound so far-fetched to residents of Clay County, Ky.
In 2010, a handful of locals including a former circuit judge were convicted in a scheme that included vote-buying and changing votes at polling machines, fraud that the FBI said impacted the outcome of local elections.
Judge Thomas Funk
Guest Columnist
The summer is flying by quickly, and the Owen County Public Library and the Owen County Youth Services Center are planning a back to school event for the 2017-18 school year.
April 6, I had a life-threatening health issue. I went to St. Elizabeth Owen's ER. They quickly started an IV, blood test and CT scan of my stomach and found I had volvulus (twisted intestines). Believe me, there can be no worse pain.
They immediately called Frankfort and arranged emergency surgery as soon as I could get there. Everything went fine. On the fifth day I was going to be released, the same thing happened again, had to go back to the OR.
Copyright © 2017
The Owenton News-Herald is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Owen County and Owenton, KY, and the surrounding area.


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When prims are linked together to produce an object the link set refers to the whole object, or the list of primitives that are part of the object. Not all objects are composed of a single linked set. Every set has a single root prim. This root prim is prim number 0, or prim number 1 if it is sat on or attached to an agent. All other prims have local coordinates relative to the root prim. The root prim's rotation and position is applied to all child prims
This Second Life Wikia Article is a stub! You can help everyone by expanding it!


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Save 10% on a car rental with Enterprise. Use GSA's corporate code: 32F3047; and PIN: GEO.
Currently employed as a teacher at an elementary or secondary-level institution.
Membership term is based on the calendar year. Attend just one GSA meeting (section or annual), and your membership dues and the savings covers your annual dues!
Note: If you reside in and are a citizen of a country or territory with an economy classified as other than "high-income" by the World Bank, your dues are reduced.


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This CD contains the soundtrack to a cute, little primary musical based on the traditional Ukranian folktale of The Mitten. Simple enough for Kindergarten students, but still fun for first or second graders to perform. The entire show can be completed in twenty minutes or less with costumes and sets that are easy to make, and easy to store.
Characters include: Two rabbits, a raccoon, a wolf, a fox, a lion, and a bear and a mouse, Grandmother, the Grandfather, Nikki, ten "Snowflake Cheerleaders," and six "Bouncing Snowballs." The rest of the children made up the chorus.
The play is similar to the story in Jan Brett's version, but contains different animals (and of course the words are different, too!) Heidi included animals for whom she could easily make costumes. The animals can all be changed easily for your class, except for the bear and the mouse, which are essential to the story. Heidi uses the video of her kids in performance to help teach the children their parts which can be found on YouTube, then uses the Music CD during the actual performance.
The Music CD includes these complete music track sets:
1) Demo Tracks - with complete music with all the voices and music
2) Instrumental Only Tracks - No voices, only music
3) Solos out - Chorus only Tracks - With background voices only to fill out the chorus for a richer performance
Heidi will often transfer the audio files from the CD to her iPod for easier control while directing the play, and have a narrator read the script.
Music CD - $15.00
• Demo Tracks, Instrumental Only Tracks, Solos Out - Chorus Only Tracks
• Printable Script and Instructions File (.pdf)
Music & Script Printable File on Disc - $15.00
• Downloadable MP3 Audio Files (.mp3) of Demo Tracks, Instrumental Only Tracks, Solos Out - Chorus Only Tracks
(*Note: This is a large file, please allow time for complete download.)
• Downloadable Printable Script File (.pdf)
-The Mitten Script & Handmotions
All HeidiSongs materials are Copyrighted and are protected by Copyright Laws. HeidiSongs Copyright Policy: All HeidiSongs materials, CDs, DVDs, printable files or physical workbooks, are for use in ONE classroom. HeidiSongs allows you to print and/or copy as many pages as are needed for your use in your classroom. You may transfer a HeidiSongs printable file to another storage device for your own use. You may not give a copy of a file/materials/CD/DVD to a fellow teacher or lend the file/materials/CD/DVD to others for copying and use in other classrooms. You may transfer the music from a music CD to your own portable music player (iPod or MP3 player) for your own use.