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Month of Service and State Project
Clothing the World
The Florida 4-H State Council is proud to be continuing the State Service Project – "Clothing the World." This project is a call to action for 4-H members to engage in service projects that focus on helping those in need by hosting clothing drives, volunteering or fundraising for clothing charities, and making clothing items for those in need locally or overseas. The purpose of the "Clothing the World" project is to exemplify the "Heart" aspect of the four H's by providing for one of the most basic human needs of people around the world – clothing. 4-H members can use this project at a district, county, and club level.
The State Project Guide below contains sample project ideas and a report back system, so you can share your work with others across the state.
Project Completion
The State Project Committee encourages all youth to participate in at least one state project that is associated with Clothing the World. The committee would also like to recognize the youth that do participate in these projects. Once a project is completed, please record it on the project report-back sheet found in the tool kit below. These record sheets will need to be submitted to Grace Carter by July 3, 2017. The committee would appreciate if pictures were included in these reports.
Project Achievement
Bronze: Youth who complete 1 service project will receive a bronze certificate of completion.
Silver: Youth who complete 2 service projects will receive a silver certificate of completion.
Gold: Youth who complete 3-4 service projects will receive a gold certificate of completion
and will also receive recognition at 4-H University 2017.
Emerald: Youth who complete 5 or more service projects will receive an emerald certificate
of completion and will also receive recognition at 4-H University 2017.
4-H State Project Promotion Toolkit:


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The MoU aims at simplifying the salary disbursement procedure and to deliver modern banking facilities of IndusInd Bank to the Indian Army
IndusInd Bank and the Indian Army have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for issuing salary accounts to personnel of all ranks of the Indian Army.
The MoU aims at simplifying the salary disbursement procedure and to deliver modern banking facilities of IndusInd Bank to the brave soldiers of the Indian Army.
The specially designed salary account is tailor-made to provide comfort and convenience in daily transactions, easy access through a wide range of channels and attractive propositions on loans and investments, including investment advisory services for the armed forces.
Some of the exclusive services that the Bank would be providing to the Indian Army personnel include Free 'anywhere banking'; unique Indus money monthly auto cash back program that rewards banking transactions; free demand draft up to Rs25,000 per day; free Inward foreign remittance facility. For all senior army officers the bank would provide 'Platinum Debit Card'; 5X Indus Money Rewards Program; 30% discount on Green Fees at 300 golf clubs around the world and complimentary air accident insurance of Rs30 lakh.
For all the PBORs (personnel below officer ranks) the Bank will issue 'Gold Debit Card'. This debit card will have higher purchase limit of Rs1 lakh & ATM withdrawal limit of Rs50,000 daily. Other benefits include Indus money-monthly auto cash-back virtually on all your banking transactions; air accidental insurance to the tune of Rs5 lakh; lost card liability to the tune of Rs1 lakh; purchase protection to the tune of Rs50,000 and waiver up to Rs125 per month on fuel surcharge. On Tuesday, IndusInd Bank ended 0.76% up at Rs270.72 on the Bombay Stock Exchange, while the benchmark Sensex gained 0.43% to 18,492.45.
Acting on a complaint filed by an NGO, the AP police have also frozen bank accounts of two franchisees of Speak Asia operating in the state and seized laptops, desktop computers, bank pass books and other material related to their MLM activities
The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) of the Andhra Pradesh police has arrested two persons running a franchisee of Speak Asia online Pte Ltd and frozen their bank accounts. Vijaywada-based Corporate Fraud Watch Society, a non-government organisation (NGO) had filed a complaint against the company, its promoters, directors, secretaries, representatives, employees and distributors.
In a statement, Dr Mahender Kumar Rathod, superintendent of police, economic offences wing, CID, Andhra Pradesh, said, "The CID once again appeals to the general public not to believe the deceitful promises given by this type of companies. It is pertinent to say that the amount of Rs3 lakh deposited by the franchise in AP have been frozen by the Reserve Bank of India since the company has no authorisation/registration under the Companies Act."
Syama Sundar, secretary of the Corporate Frauds Watch Society had filed the complaint, following which the police, arrested Devireddy (D) Srinivas Reddy and Lanka Venkata Ayyappa (LVA) Swamy on Sunday. Both were operating franchises of Speak Asia in the state. The police also froze their bank accounts and seized their laptops, desktop computers, bank pass books and other material pertaining to MLM activities. The additional chief metropolitan magistrate, Vijaywada, has sent both, Mr Reddy and Mr Swamy to judicial custody.
D Srinivas Reddy was working as a chartered accountant in a private company before joining and becoming a franchise of Speak Asia, about five months back. He had confessed to enrolled three panellists and the police are further analysing his laptop. LVA Swamy is a computer technician. He joined and become franchisee of Speak Asia along with Mr Reddy. However, he was using Mr Reddy's office and facilities for all his transactions with the company, the police said.
On 25th June, the Vijaywada unit of the CID conducted a surprise check under the supervision of deputy superintendent, YV Ramana Kumar, on the residence of Mr Reddy and Mr Swamy.
The Andhra Pradesh police had registered a case under Section 420 (cheating) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Sections 4, 5 and 6, read with Section 2(c), 3 of the Prize Chits and Money Circulation Schemes (Banning) Act, 1978.
In Andhra Pradesh alone, around 30,000 persons were enrolled with Speak Asia. The company has no registration in India under the Companies Act 1956. Likewise, Speak Asia has been running the money circulation business illegally without any authorisation from the competent authority in India. "This is a bogus company having 150-170 franchises in India, among them the two above mentioned persons are from AP," the police statement said.
Moneylife has reported on how the Kerala state government is coming down heavily on "get-rich-quick" schemes, mushrooming across the state. The crime branch of the Kerala police had arrested promoters of two such schemes, Tycoon Empire International and Bizarre group of companies. (Read: "Kerala gets tough with money swindlers and MLM companies".)
One of our readers has informed that as part of its ongoing operation to curb dubious MLM schemes, the Kerala police banned the meeting of Amway, a popular MLM company. According to the reports, about 300 distributors of Amway had gathered at a hotel in Thrissur. However, the police declined to give them any permission for a meeting. The Kerala director general of police has also cautioned people against the illegal network marketing.
You may also want to read…
In the absence of official guidelines on the quality and price of stents, different hospitals are charging different amounts for these critical implants
Some prominent hospitals in Mumbai are over-charging patients for stents, which they procure privately, as most patients are uninformed about the cost and quality of these tiny mesh tubes that are used to prop up open heart arteries.
Medical professionals are disturbed that there are no official standards to check the manufacture, sale and use of this critical device, which could endanger the patients undergoing the medical procedure.
"The stents do not have an MRP (maximum retail price) so hospitals charge according to their own discretion," said a senior doctor at one of these hospitals, requesting anonymity. "The Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) does not have guidelines regarding the cost of stents. And it does not have any guidelines on the import of these implants,"
When Moneylife inquired at some hospitals in Mumbai, we found they charged anything from Rs1 lakh to Rs2.5 lakh for drug-coated stents. But hospital staff refused to give any other details about the device-whether it is about the companies making the implant or on the advice given to patients.
Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, in suburban Andheri, charged the most. Patients had to pay Rs2 lakh for a medicated stent. Lilavati Hospital, in suburban Bandra, said it charged Rs1.30 lakh-Rs1.50 lakh, whereas Hiranandani Hospital in Thane mentioned about Rs1 lakh-Rs1.20 lakh for a stent.
The difference in rates between hospitals is attributed to each hospital purchasing stents at different rates on negotiations with the supplier. Also, hospitals say they add on charges for handling and storage of the items. Clearly, they are taking advantage of the absence of guidelines to charge patients at their own rates.
Stents are tiny devices made of metal or fibre which are inserted through blood vessels to keep arteries open in the heart. They are also placed in the neck, the legs and other parts of the body to prevent conditions such as stroke. But research in recent years has suggested that stents are overused by doctors and that drugs may be a cheaper, safer and more effective way for many patients to avoid heart attacks or strokes.
"The stent is delivered by the distributor to the hospital and he gives them a price range, which means that the price is negotiable," a source at one of the hospitals said. Further, the hospitals usually get a lower rate as they purchase the items in bulk, but they do not pass this discount to patients.
The doctor usually has no say on what the hospital charges, the source explained. Sometimes, however, concerned about the financial position of the patient, a doctor may direct him to a particular hospital where the charges for the stent and the procedure are more reasonable.
Interestingly, medical insurance companies that are particular about verification of medical expenditure to be reimbursed, have been found to be lenient about the cost of stents and are known to have cleared the cost of the device even without corresponding evidence of its purchase. In fact, while mediclaim lays the parameters for bed charges, there are no guidelines on the cost of the stent.
Insurance rules commonly stipulate that the bed charges should not be more than 1% of the sum assured. So patients are known to register for a lower-cost room category to be able to claim a higher amount on cost of the implant. The cost of the stent does not change with the class in which the patient is admitted.
According to Shreeraj Deshpande, head-health, Future Generali India Insurance Co, "Hospitals do a bulk purchase of consumables, but do not transfer the differential benefit to the insurance company or the patient. Prices vary across the importer/marketing agencies and the batch/year of import, which further adds to the difference in costing. We do not ask for the stent invoice if it is mentioned in the consolidated bill and the amount is not unexpectedly high."
Rajagopal Gopalan, operations & claims head, Bharti AXA General Insurance, has a different approach. "We have found price discrepancy between stents of the same company for bills coming from different hospitals. We check the invoice price. Only the invoice price is paid and handling charges, if any, are not paid," Mr Gopalan says. "We do case management with the help of TPA (third party administrator) to find out the exact price of the stent of that particular make. Most often, hospitals buy them in bulk, hence they would not have individual invoices. We request for invoices or the box. Most of the time price is not printed on the stent box. With the help of the TPA, we determine the exact price of the stent."
"Most of the time the hospitals buy stents from one or two companies in bulk, so that patient doesn't have much of a choice. They are forced to use what the hospital provides," said the senior doctor.
Abbot Laboratories, Boston Scientific Corp and Johnson & Johnson are among the prominent stent manufacturers globally. In the past fortnight, New Jersey-based J&J announced that it would stop selling drug-coated heart stents by the end of the year, apparently over safety concerns and competition from rival products.
In the United States, the practise is that the price is marked on such implant items by the FDA. "They put an MRP at which price it can be sold. In the US there are guidelines, but here the FDA doesn't have any guidelines on implants that are imported and used in India," the senior doctor said. "There is a discrepancy in the amount and the government needs to put an MRP on the stent."
Once the government lays down guidelines it will be a race among hospitals to charge less for stents to attract patients.

subset: commoncrawl


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Temple is part of San Francisco's Zen Compound, a nightlife concept focused on "green" policies and sustainability founded in 2004.
View the venue listing
Invite friends
- Event admin /
- Nebakaneza
- Update this event
Line-up /
- Promotional links /
- facebook.com/events/199214430193720
Candyland, Natty Freq, Balance, Shredda, Bud Vapor
Ritual has proudly become an icon in the dubstep scene. These events are not possible without the music lovers that join us. With our humble beginnings in a tiny club, we eventually expanded to the famous Temple Nightclub in San Francisco and Dragonfly in Los Angeles, with beautiful dancing people joining us regularly. This is an experience that is fueled by you, and we love you for shaping Ritual in a positive direction.
Set Times:
Balance 2am-3am
Candyland 1am-2am
Natty Freq 12am-1am
Bud Vapor 11pm-12am
Shredda 10pm-11pm
Candyland [Santa Barbra, CA]
After years of playing music, in 2007 Josie Martin discovered electronic music through artists like Le Castle Vania and Fisherspooner. Her curiosity for the genre grew into love after listening to the collaboration of DJ-AM and Travis Barker on their DJ Drummer album. She decided that she wanted to buy turntables and learn how to DJ. On her 16th birthday she got CDJs and a mixer and taught herself how to DJ. Five months later, she was contacted by a friend and former band mate Ethan Davis to do her first gig at his 16th birthday party. After playing at more house parties Josie asked Ethan if he would like to Drum along side her and start a group. Empires & Riots was formed. After a while of practicing Ethan suggested that they should just be a DJ Duo. After two years of making mashups and playing house parties, underground clubs, and local events they entered in Josie's highschool talent show.
In April of 2010 they entered the stage to perform as a DJ Drummer group for the first time for Josie's entire school. Playing for a crowd came natrual to them, they brought the show to life and the audience instantly wanted to participate. About 60 people jumped out of their seats and stormed the stage. The stage got so crowded with people dancing and cheering to their performance that they were asked to cut it short. Unfortunately their performance didn't win the competition, but it was one no one forgot. They took a short break, and Josie continued to DJ.
In early summer Ethan got Fruity Loops and began to make remixes. When they started things back up again they decided to start fresh and change their name. While brainstorming Ethan said "Candyland" and it was a unanimous decision that it was the perfect name for them. Ethan continued to make remixes and they released an album of remixes called "I CAN." They earned respect locally and continued to play shows around town. Later that summer Ethan set out to get Ableton and started producing original tracks, he focused all of his time on learning how to produce.
In April of 2011, Ethan made Candyland's first orignal track "Piano Sure Is Neat." As soon as it was finished and posted onto their SoundCloud their friend sent out the track to a few DJs and producers, while they sent it to a few labels. Within the first two hours they were contacted by Paul Anthony, a DJ, producer, and owner of Dirty Fabric Records. Four hours later they were contacted by Plasmapool Records, and the following day they were contacted by DJ, producer, and owner of Big Fish Recordings, Lazy Rich. All of them wanting to sign "Piano Sure Is Neat." They eventually signed with Big Fish Recordings and was asked to make a second song for an EP. "Hate On This" was created. The EP was released on July 4th, 2011. Only 4 days after the release the EP made it's way to the Beatport Top 100. Climbing for weeks "Hate On This" reached #58 spot while "Piano Sure Is Neat" was close behind at #62. After their success from their debut EP they earned the respect of fellow DJs and producers, and got support from other established artists.
Natty Freq
This Dynamic Duo, 'Natural Frequency', aka Natty Freq, is quickly becoming a staple in the Southern California electronic music scene with both members having deep rooted ties to the community for quite some time. Boxmon, Arman Zand, has not only been co-producing the big hitting distinct sounds that you hear today from "Natural Frequency," but is also co-founder of Orange County's famous Adrenaline Club which originated in 2002 and has featured some of the world's best Drum N Bass and Dubstep talent. Notation, Mike Newberg, who is also 1/2 of the Drum N Bass group, "Clique" (Backed by AK1200's very own Big Riddim Recordings), has been at the game just as long and can get the ladies moving with his melodic, yet powerful sounds that will definitely get the spot jumping.
With a style unique to their individual, yet very diverse from each other, they come together to bring you an incomparable sound. With releases on "Smashed Beatz" (SB001 & SB002) and "Rockers Dub" (RD010) and also forthcoming tunes (2011 - 2012) on Legendary Drum and Bass Producer/DJ Shimon's Label "Audioporn" Records. The duo from Orange County, California have been slammin the decks up and down the coast of Southern California for years. With heavy work in the studio daily these 2 men or about to take the dubstep scene on a tear. Step into a world of lush, sonic bliss. Each set is a carefully crafted auditory adventure that spans the range of melodic bass music across the genre and BPM spectrum. Known for bringing her own flavor to the sound, Carly D fuses the freshest bass anthems, with her own newest original tracks, and on the fly lyrical mash-ups that are sure to have every booty on the floor shakin'.
Dj Balance broke ground 6 years ago when her passion for hip hop and electronic music in addition to her collection of vinyl harmoniously synthesized.
As a graduate of the Scratch DJ Academy (L.A.), she aquired her skills from many talented and creative DJ's and producers. djBalance spins many genres, but mostly BASS influenced music. You can catch djBalance mixing and blending a fusion of BASS with your booty shaking in mind all over the Bay Area.
Bud Vapor
It all started in 2003 with the purchase of a VaporDoc vaporizer with lots of hits of tasty ganja while playing video games. The screen name Bud Vapor was born. After a decade of being involved in the San Francisco Rave scene as a Goa Trance/ Psy Trance DJ. In 2004 Sausee decided to take a break from the scene and music that use to bring such inspiration. With roots from rap/hip hop and friends beginning to make rap music. Sausee began to make his own style of 90 bpm rap styled beats. Instead of the standard structure most rap songs are built. Sausee tried to add his own style and flow of the tracks that he would find in a Trance/Techno song. So if there were no rapping words over the beats, it would still have a feeling and story to it. Even though his rapping friends thought of this style as too trancey. Sausee kept making the music that had a certain feeling to it. In 2007 Sausee decided to try and return into the Rave scene as a Psy DJ. To avoid any confusion on the 2 completely different styles of music production. All the melodic styled trance hop would go under the name BUD VAPOR.
In 2010 Bud Vapor started mixing his own original tracks together in a DJ set creating a unique style of Melodic Tech Trance feeling Hip Hop. Even though the grooves were hard, it still had more of a chill feel to it.
So in 2011 Bud Vapor decided to add Drum and Bass and Dubstep/ Glitch to the list of genres to spin. Although instead of doing quick style mixes like a majority of the DJ's in those genres. Bud Vapor decided to use his Sausee styled mixing of layering the tracks and flowing them in a way to soothe the psy trancer within.
Even though this is just the beginning of the Bud Vapor movement. Things are starting to pick up quick. Be on the look out for more Bud Vapor to come!!!!
Ritual has proudly become an icon in the Bay Area dubstep scene. This event is not possible without the music lovers that join us every week. With our humble beginnings in a tiny club, we eventually expanded to the famous Temple Nightclub in San Francisco with beautiful dancing people joining us every Thursday. This is an experience that is fueled by you, and we love you for shaping Ritual in a positive direction.
~Presented by Irie Cartel~
~Flier designed by Skulltrane~
~Photography by Julie Hanna~
~Shaking by your ass~
*****If you just turned 21 in the last week, show us your ID and your first drink is on us.*****
Drink Special is a shot of Don Julio Blanco + any beer for $10.
Cash only at the door.
Credit Cards are accepted at the bar but a $20 minimum is required.
Event is at Temple Nightclub (540 Howard St.) in San Francisco every Thursday for the 21+ crowd. Admission is 5 dollars, or free if you are in line before 10pm. We rock from 10pm to 3am. There are no ins and outs.
Artists of any medium are welcome to set up in the destiny lounge downstairs and create during the evening. We have a handful of painters, and artists of various mediums, that bless us every week. Anyone is invited to set up and share their gift with others.
After every Ritual, the Irie Cartel will be making a small donation to the Bay Area chapter of the American Red Cross. The money will go towards the next local disaster similar to the San Bruno explosion, or any upcoming earthquake. For more details on how to make donations please visit the following website. http://www.redcrossbayarea.org/
Backpacks must checked into Coat Check. There are pat downs at the entrance that are targeting weapons, alcohol and items used for graffiti. There will be a machine outside that scans ID's. Your information is not shared with anyone and it is deleted shortly after the night is over. If you would like to read more on the machine and the logistics of its use, please visit the following website http://www.servalldatasystems.com/. We apologize for any inconveniences but we want to ensure your safety.
Here are some details about the venue:
*Drink Special: Shot of Don Julio Blanco + any beer for $10.
*2 Bars open
*After hours venue, we party til 3am.
*Big dance floor
*Big bathrooms
*Good ventilation.
*Big sound system
*Gated smoking area
*Plenty of parking
*Walking distance from BART and Transbay Terminal.
*Near the freeway.
*Water readily available
*Coat check
*No dress code.
Facebook Link:
Venue Website:
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KP Race, Run, and Walk 5K
King Philip High School
Sat 08/16/2014
|Sat 08/16/2014
|Running-5K - Individual Age group/open
|Sat 08/16/2014
|Walking-5K - Individual Age group/open
|Sat 08/16/2014
|Walking-5K - Individual Age group/open
|Sat 08/16/2014
|Running-5K - Individual Age group/open
The KP Hall-of-Fame Committee is hosting the inaugural ALUMNI 5K Race, Run, & Walk on Saturday August 16th at KPHS at 9am. We are encouraging ALL past, present, and future King Philip students/graduates to particpate in this 5K...EVERYONE can race, run, or walk with many,many generations of KP Warriors! Bring your Green & Gold friends and family and register FAST; the first 150 entrants are guarenteed an original T-Shirt! This will be a FUN event for the entire family, See You There! :-)Event details and scheduleThe 5K will start on the KP track, head out to Creek St., travel through the center of town, and finish on the track; 5K starts promptly at 9am; ARRIVE EARLY to pick up race number, grab T-Shirts, and say hello to other KP Warriors. Families welcome and encouraged! Race, Run, or Walk alone, as a family, or with jog strollers... Plenty of bathrooms at KPHS and water available on race day... Strongly encouraged to register on-line to reserve a T-Shirt; we will conduct "day of" registration but T-Shirts will not be guaranteed for day of registrations. Children's Races (100 Meters and 400 Meters) will follow the 5K Race, Run, & Walk Awards to top 3 in each age category...
- Name:Peter Boucher
- Email:
- Phone:7813892067
- Address:201 Franklin St.
Wrentham, MA 02093


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Geek Vape - Griffin 25 RTAGeek Vape
The Griffin RTA is now available in a larger 25mm size and has the option for top airflow or the standard airflow. From tank size to build deck, the Griffin 25 has a larger tank capacity and a larger build deck for more room to build. The large 17mm Velocity style build deck will support single or dual coil builds and is large enough to fit a Clapton coil. The 6.2mL tank is conveniently filled via the top fill method of ease of use and quick access. With the Griffin 25's high quality materials and performance, this RTA is sure to blow you away.
- Dimensions:
- 48.5*25mm (Standard Version)
- 54.4*25mm (Top Airflow Version)
- Tank Capacity:
- 6.2mL (Standard Version)
- 6.0mL (Top Airflow Version)
- Large Velocity Style Build Deck
- Top Fill Method
- Delrin Wide Bore Drip Tip
- Stainless Steel Construction
- Silica Glass Tank (High Temp Resistant & Acid Resistant)
- PEEK Insulators
- Gold Plated 510 Pin
- Adjustable Airflow
Package Contents:
- 1 x Griffin 25 RTA
- 14 x Spare O-Rings
- 1 x 510 Drip Tip Adapter
- 1 x Replacement Glass
- 1 x Allen Key
- 4 x Allen Screws
- 2 x Ceramic Block (1 Pre-Installed)


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How much is Apple iPhone Insurance?
Many of them will not realize the potential savings that they can accumulate when they purchase iPhone insurance. You can save hundreds of pounds in the event that you have to replace your mobile phone. iPhone insurance insures you against the risk of a covered event in exchange for your monthly premium amount. Your insurance plan will protect you from accidental damage, water damage, and theft. If you were experienced one of those then you have to submit a claim in order to get your iPhone replaced. How much is apple iPhone insurance? iPhone insurance is affordable for students, stay at home moms, employees, and business owners. For only $10 per month, you can receive the full protection that you need. The price of iPhone insurance is often times less than the cost of a lunch on the go. iPhone insurance will take care everything; you can sit back and relax your insurance. Paying your monthly premium amount will ensure that you will not have to live long without your iPhone when you need to file a claim. Saving money is important and iPhone insurance will help you to save hundreds of pounds. iPhone insurance generally costs around $10 per month which is available to pay as you go customers. High street retailers will get away with charging more for their insurance because most of them buy it with the phone for convenience. You can save a lot of money. The best price to pay for the third party is normally around less than $10. The other insurance companies out there will offer you a better policy and at a much lower price. The policy will be exactly the same as the one you were offered from the high street retailer when you purchased your iPhone. The iPhone insurance policies vary but the basic concept will remain the same. Some insurance providers will offer a discount on the premium initially. You can review the policies and then compare the offers of the various providers. You have to take a note of the terms and conditions of each provider before settling on a plan. You can also check if the insurance policy is applicable worldwide in case of any damage and repairs. When you decide to purchase phone insurance it is important to do mobile phone insurance comparison. You will realize after iPhone insurance compares the products that are offered best mobile phone insurance.


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Thorvald Solberg Items5 textbooks were found
List Price:$26.62
Foreign Copyright Laws: A List of the Foreign Copyright Laws Now in Force, with Citations of Printed Texts and Translations, EtcList Price:$18.75
List Price:$19.99
Copyright, its law and its literature / being a summary of the principles and law of copyright, with especial reference to booksList Price:$21.75
International Copyright Union: Berne Convention, 1886: Paris Convention, 1896; Berlin Convention, 1908. Report of the Delegate of the United States to ... Copyright Convention, Held at Berlin, Germany
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Electron paramagnetic resonance of Yb3+ ions in a concentrated YbRh2Si2 compound with heavy fermions
Condensed Matter
- Received:
- Citations
- 89 Downloads
The EPR signal from localized ytterbium ions was observed in an undoped YbRh2Si2 compound with heavy fermions in the temperature range from 1.5 to 25 K. The exponential contribution dominating the temperature dependence of EPR line width at temperatures above 15 K was shown to be caused by the random transitions from the ground to the first excited Stark sublevel of the Yb3+(4f13) ion with the activation energy Δ=115 K.
PACS numbers76.30.Da 75.20.Hr 71.27.+a
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Copyright information
© MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica" 2003


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Museum Hidden Objects game
Find all of the clues hidden in this museum full of interesting treasures. Use the magnifying lens to make the objects appear where you couldn't see anything hidden before. This is a fun puzzle hidden object game for boys and girls.
Museum Hidden Objects, play free Puzzle games, related games and updates online. Added on
Author: netstorm 418
Here are some more related games in Puzzle category. Also you can jump to other category using box above.
Related games
- Museum Collector
- Museum Hidden Objects Game
- American Museum
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- onion born soup
- Merry Christmas Special Hidden Object
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- Colorbounce
- RoastBeefSandwich
- Brain Power!
- Ultimate Peg Solitary!
- Brain Power 2!
- Angel's Hidden Stars
- Zoo Search
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- Boost up your car with Harry
- Wait 4 Me
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- IAFish
- Zac Efron Dress Up
- Pizza Cooking Game
- Soccer Balls


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Welsh makes Reds vow
By Peter ORourke
Last Updated: 01/01/70 1:00am
John Welsh is ready to wait for his chance to make his name at Liverpool.Liverpool youngster John Welsh is ready to wait for his chance to make his name at Anfield.
The midfielder is highly-rated within the corridors of Anfield after coming through the youth ranks.
Welsh is enjoying his football at present, having made his UEFA Champions League debut against Bayer Leverkusen and scoring his first goal for England Under-21's against Azerbaijan on Tuesday.
The 21-year-old is determined to establish himself in Rafa Benitez's first team plans and prove he is good enough.
"I'm at one of the best clubs in the world. I've always supported them and I love the club," said Welsh.
"So I'll be patient. I know there's a lot of good players there, but the gaffer has shown he'll put the young kids in, if they deserve it.
"The gaffer keeps talking to me, telling me what I should be doing, so I listen to him and take it from there.
"You need first team football as you go along, but Rafa Benitez wants me to stay at Liverpool. I love the club and want to make it there.
"The staff at the club feel I should score more goals and that's an area I'm looking to improve.
"My strengths include my tackling and hopefully my passing, but there's lots I can improve upon. I'm only young and I know I'm not the finished article."


text:
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text:
The 東方Project is a manga series written by ZUN. The manga series began with the first issue of Curiosities of Lotus Asia (東方香霖堂) (which was released in late 2004) and since then, it became a popular manga series within Hokkaidō and nearby regions on Honshū.
The manga series takes place mainly in Gensokyo. The main Touhou theme is Shintō, though other themes like Buddhism and Taoism are referenced/seen.
The history of the Touhou Project dates as early as during ZUN's time in High School. The first character he ever drew was Reimu Hakurei, and was during his time in high school when he had to draw a full human for a grade (in which he got a 99% for the drawing). Later, during his time in Sapporo University, he started to think about creating his own unique manga. When it came time to create a short comic-like story as a project, he did one of Reimu training with her friend, Marisa Kirisame, in a danmaku (bullet curtain) style battle. The battle itself was sketchy, but the characters themselves were made of high standard, as were some parts of the battle (like when Reimu used her Yin Yang Orbs). He managed to get an 89% on that project.
Shortly after his graduation from Sapporo University in 2004, he decided to begin making his own manga series. By the Last month of 2004, he made the first issue of Curiosities of Lotus Asia. It took a while for him to find a local publisher, but by 2005 he decided to create his own publishing company, named Team Shanghai Alice (上海アリス幻楽団 Shanhai Arisu Gengakudan). It took a while, but by 2006, he was able to sell his manga under the name of Team Shanghai Alice.
List of Characters
Reimu Hakurei
One of the main characters in most of the Touhou series. She is a Shrine Maiden and the head of the Hakurei Shrine. She deals with solving incidents that cause any trouble to Gensokyo and goes to hunt out the source. She is a kind and friendly person to be around with, and she's also optimistic.
Marisa Kirisame
Also another one of the main characters in most of the Touhou series. She is a Magician that lives nearby the Youkai Mountain and is Reimu's friend. She also owns her own Magic Shop, which gets decent amount of business and sales.
Remilia Scarlet
She is the head and owner of the Scarlet Devil Mansion. She is weak to both sunlight and rain and as such, she carries a parasol for whenever she goes outside and she usually stays in her mansion. She also holds reasonable magical powers and has a reputation to match.
Sakuya Izayoi
She is the Head Maid of the Scarlet Devil Mansion and is the servant of Remilia. She is known to be a great cook and makes the best meals around. Also known to have the ability to manipulate time and space, she is one of the more powerful humans in Gensokyo.
Eirin Yagokoro
Eirin is the Secondary Character in Silent Sinner in Blue and Cage in Lunatic Runagate while being the Main Character in Inaba of the Moon and Inaba of the Earth. She is also a premier pharmacist, selling medicines at Eientei ranging from sleep aids to various cures, including cures to even the most obscure illnesses; and all her medicines have no side effects, very effective, and fairly priced.
Kaguya Houraisan
Same as above. Kaguya is an assistant of Eirin Yagokoro and helps her out with her studies. A former princess of the Lunarians, she exiled to earth thousands of years ago after drinking the Hourai Elixir that made her immortal. After many years of exile, she was forgiven and decided that she should return. However Kaguya refused, and with the help of Eirin they moved on to Gensokyo in which they hid in the Bamboo Forest of the Lost and set up a new home for themselves.
Reisen Udongein Inaba
Same as above. She was formally a moon rabbit until she moved to Gensokyo with Kaguya and Eirin. Since then, Reisen has been working for and protects both Eirin and Kaguya. She also helps out with Eirin with selling medicine.
Tewi Inaba
Same as above. Tewi is a Youkai rabbit, and is the leader of many Youkai rabbits who guard Eientei. She is also a trickster at times, mainly seen in Inaba of the Moon and Inaba of the Earth.
Kasen Ibaraki
Kasen is the main character of Wild and Horned Hermit. She is a hermit and usually lives in the Youkai Mountain. Kasen is very kind and polite to everyone and is always willing to lend a word of advice or teach a lesson. Sometimes she is preachy and overly critical of others, just to make sure they get the message.
Seiga Kaku
Seiga appears as a secondary character in Wild and Horned Hermit from chapter 12 on. She is friends with Kasen Ibaraki and helps her out a lot. Like Kasen, she is friendly and polite to nearly everyone.
Toyosatomimi no Miko
Miko is one of the main characters in Symposium of Post-mysticism. She is a Taoist who used to use Buddhism for political reasons. She also achieved immortality a while back after Seiga had convinced her to come to the side of Taoism.
Byakuren Hijiri
Another one of the main characters in Symposium of Post-mysticism. She is a Buddhist monk that is head of the Myouren Temple. She helps for the peace between Youkai and Humans and hopes that one day that peace can be finally achieved.
Kanako Yasaka
Also a main character in Symposium of Post-mysticism, she is the head of the Moriya Shrine and is a goddess on the side of Shintoism. She also happens to have some interest in technology and at one point she was also interested in nuclear technology, but ever since a huge nuclear war happened in the Outside World, she changed her mind completely and sees it as a bad idea.
Yuyuko Saigyouji
Yuyuko is the owner of Hakugyokurou. She is a human who lived for over one thousand years. Youmu is her guardian and Yukari is her friend. She was also known to spoke out against Yukari's invasion of the Moon thousand years ago and again in Silent Sinner in Blue. She seems to enjoy drinking once in a while, despite Youmu's wishes for her not to.
Youmu Konpaku
Youmu is a half-human half-phantom who lives at Hakugyokurou in the Netherworld as a gardener and is a guardian of Yuyuko. She is a secondary character in Curiosities of Lotus Asia and Touhou Bōgetsushō.
Watatsuki Sisters
The Watatsuki Sisters compose of Toyohime and Yorihime. They are the leaders of the Moon and both are head of the Lunarian Defence Corps. They are the main characters in Touhou Bōgetsushō series.
Yukari Yakumo
She is a friend of Reimu and they both usually work together. She's also long time friends with Yuyuko and both knew each other for a very long time.
Also over a thousand years ago, Yukari attempted to invade the Moon, in which they were defeated by the Lunarians. She attempted another invasion of the Moon in Silent Sinner in blue only to be arrested by Watatsuki no Toyohime in the end.
She is also knowledgeable about technology. In the Eleventh and Twelfth Chapters in Curiosities of Lotus Asia, when Rinnosuke Morichika had an old 1970s telephone in his shop, Yukari already knew how to use one. She similarly knew about the old style TVs. It's been confirmed that she does visit the outside world sometimes and at one point during her visits, she seen a nuclear war taking place, in which she immediately escaped to Gensokyo.
Komachi Onozuka
Komachi is a Shinigami and she transports dead spirits to Eiki Shiki in which Eiki judges on where the dead spirit's fate will be. Komachi was ordered to keep watch on Kasen, but doesn't really trust her and as such Komachi sometimes threatens her, but she isn't really serious with her threats however.
Three Fairies of Light
The Three Fairies of Light composes of Sunny Milk, Luna Child, and Star Sapphire. They are the protagonists in the Touhou Sangetsusei series. They are known to play tricks on humans with their powers.
Rinnosuke Morichika
Rinnosuke is a human/youkai hybrid and is a main character in Curiosities of Lotus Asia. He owns an antique shop, Kourindou, specialising in items from the Outside World.
Hieda no Akyuu
Hieda no Akyuu is the main character of Perfect Memento in Strict Sense. She tells about the history of Gensokyo and also talks about most of the characters in detail and such. She is known to have good relations with everyone as well.
Kosuzu Motoori
Kosuzu is a Human Village resident and a worker at the Suzunaan book renter. She has the ability to decipher books by putting her hands over them and is the number one collector of demon books in Gensokyo. She's the main character of Forbidden Scrollery.
Other Characters
The following characters are mentioned or seen for a few panels only and do not have any much role in the series. A few of these characters can also be seen occasionally.
- Nitori Kawashiro - A kappa who is also a tech-savvy
- Mononobe no Futo - appeared as a minor character in Symposium of Post-mysticism. She is one of Miko's friends and ally. Can manipulate feng shui.
- Soga no Tojiko - Same as above.
- Satori Komeiji - Lives in the Ancient City, and owner of Chireiden (Palace of the Earth Spirits).
- Koishi Komeiji - Satori's sister, and the only other inhabitant of Chireiden.
- Kyouko Kasidani - guardian and resident of the Myouren Temple
- Ichirin Kumoi and Unzan - Same as above.
- Fujiwara no Mokou - Kaguya's Bitter Enemy
- Mystia Lorelei - Is a Grilled lamprey vendor and owns a food stand
- Nazrin - A resident of the Myouren Temple
- Shou Toramaru - Same as above
- Kogasa Tatara - Same as above. She also appeared in Chapter 9 of Wild and Horned Hermit.
- Minamitsu Murasa - Same as above. Murasa also happens to be Byakuren's guardian.
- Nue Houjuu - Same as above.
- Mamizou Futatsuiwa - Same as above.
- Sanae Kochiya - resident of Moriya Shrinee
- Suwako Moriya - resident and former head of Moriya Shrine
- Ran Yakumo - Yukari's main shikigami
- Chen - Ran's shikigami
- Aya Shameimaru - head of the Bunbunmari Newspaper
- Tenshi Hinanawi
- Eiki Shiki - Komachi's boss.
- Alice Margatroid - works in Kirisame Magic Shop whenever Marisa is away.
- Keine Kamishirasawa - works as a Teacher and is the protector of the Human Village
- Suika Ibuki
- Renko Usami
- Maribel Hearn
Gensokyo (幻想郷 Gensōkyō, "Land of Illusions" or "Land of Fantasy") is the fictional land in which the entire Touhou series takes place. Its culture vaguely resembles that of feudal Japan, with a lot of folktale elements added on.
Gensokyo was originally a desolate, haunted region of Japan ages ago. The youkai that lived there began to terrorise the surrounding lands, and endless fighting between humans and youkai began and continued all the way on until 1885, when Gensokyo was sealed off from this increasingly scientific and skeptical world with the creation of the Hakurei Border. There has been little contact between those societies ever since. Today, the only known gateway between Gensokyo and this world is the Hakurei Shrine, which stands in isolation along the border on distant mountains of the far east.
Gensokyo is populated mainly by youkai, but a decent human and rabbit population lives there as well.
Some notable locations are as follows:
Hakurei Shrine
The Hakurei Shrine (博麗神社 Hakurei Jinja) is the home of Reimu Hakurei. The Shrine is located along the Great Hakurei Border and is home to the many Hakurei shrine maidens who have lived here for centuries. It is a popular place for collectors and youkai as items from the outside world are known to sometimes appear near the shrine. The Shrine receives decent donations as well.
The Shrine's location has moved a good distance away from the Hakurei Border as of Symposium of Post-mysticism.
Forest of Magic
The Forest of Magic (魔法の森 Mahou no Mori) is a forest that's located nearby the Youkai Mountain.
Marisa's house and Magic Shop is located between the forest and Youkai Mountain. The Three Fairies of Light also used to live in a tree that was near her house, and they had relocated to live near the Hakurei Shrine since.
A bit further in the forest is the antique shop Kourindou, which Rinnosuke owns.
Youkai Mountain
The Youkai Mountain (妖怪の山 Youkai no Yama) is Gensokyo's sole great mountain and volcano. As its name implies, it is inhabited almost exclusively by youkai, mainly kappa and tengu.
It is also the home of Kasen Ibaraki, as well as Kanako Yasaka, with the latter maintaining the Moriya Shrine there and the former living close to the shrine in her mansion.
Tenkai (天界, lit. Celestial World) can easily be reached from the mountain top, and is the home of Tenshi Hinanawi.
Myouren Temple
The Myouren Temple (命蓮寺 Myōrenji), formerly the Palanquin Ship (聖輦船 Seirensen), was originally a ship capable of sailing through the sky. Some time later before chapter 12 in Oriental Sacred Place, it was landed not too far from both the Human Village and the Hall of Dreams' Great Mausoleum and was renovated into a temple.
The temple is home to Byakuren Hijiri, Shou Toramaru, Nazrin, Ichirin Kumoi and Unzan, Minamitsu Murasa, Nue Houjuu, Kyouko Kasodani, and Mamizou Futatsuiwa. It is also the main Buddhist Temple in Gensokyo and the major place of where Buddhists gather.
Hall of Dreams' Great Mausoleum
The Hall of Dreams' Great Mausoleum (夢殿大祀廟 Yumedono Daishibyou) is located not too far from the Myouren Temple. It is the home to Toyosatomimi no Miko, Mononobe no Futo, and Soga no Tokiko. It is a Taoist Temple and serves as the main Taoist Temple of Gensokyo.
Scarlet Devil Mansion
The Scarlet Devil Mansion (紅魔館, Koumakan) is a European-style mansion owned by Remilia Scarlet, and is located near the Misty Lake. Remilia and Sakuya Izayoi are known to be the only residents of the mansion.
Higan (彼岸) is located on the other side of the Sanzu River, and is the location of where Komachi takes dead spirits to be judged by Eiki Shiki to detriment the dead spirit's fate.
Eientei (永遠亭, literally House of Eternity) is located hidden deep in the Bamboo Forest of the Lost and is the home of Eirin, Kaguya, Reisen, and Tewi. It is a large, old-fashioned Japanese mansion, and has hallways that lead to the outer reaches of the sky. The place was created by Eirin and Kaguya after their move to Gensokyo, and to live in a peaceful location. However, it soon became a popular place to visit as Eirin begun to sell medicines to anyone who needs it.
It's also known that Fujiwara no Mokou lives far away from the place within the forest itself.
Human Village
The Human Village (人間の里, Ningen no Sato) is the safest place in Gensokyo to live in and is the main location for people from the outside world to live in, if they decide to stay. It is protected by Keine Kamishirasawa, who can hide the history of the village existence in order to protect it from any threats if need to be.
It is also the place of where Kosuzu Motoori and Hieda no Akyuu live.
The Hakugyokurou (白玉楼, literally Tower of White Jade) is located a bit far from the Youkai Mountain. It is the place where Yukari Yakumo, Yuyuko Saigyouji, and Youmu Konpaku live. From here, it serves as an entrance to the Netherworld, the land where ghosts and spirits reside after death.
Ancient City
Not much is known about the Ancient City other than the fact that its where the Oni live. The Palace of the Earth Spirits is also located there, and Satori Komeiji is known to be the only resident in the palace.
The Moon is a satellite of Earth and is the main location of the Lunarians, including the Watatsuki Sisters, and the Moon rabbits live. It is home to the Lunar Capital, the largest population of where most of the Lunarians live.
It is known that there was once a 'war' between the humans and Lunarians, after the astronauts from the Apollo program planted a flag. No direct fighting took place, and the Lunarians prevented the Apollo program from gaining a foothold on the moon and the Apollo program's "invasion" had horribly failed.
List of Manga Published
Curiosities of Lotus Asia (東方香霖堂)
First ever Touhou manga by ZUN. Parts were made in early 2003 but had no title. Soon upon ZUN's graduation he went back to it, and managed to give it a title. The manga was finished by the end of the Last Month in 2004, but wasn't published until 2005. Republished again under the name of Team Shanghai Alice in 2006.
Touhou Sangetsusei (東方三月精)
Touhou Sangetsusei was created 2005-2006. It deals primary with the Three Fairys of Light (Sunny Milk, Luna Child, and Star Sapphire), with Reimu Hakurei and Marisa Kirisame also being the co-main characters.
It has 30 chapters total.
- Eastern and Little Nature Deity (10 chapters) - Released 2006/3/8
- Strange and Bright Nature Deity (10 chapters) - Released 2006/7/11
- Oriental Sacred Place (10 chapters) - Released 2006/12/31
Touhou Bōgetsushō (東方儚月抄)
Touhou Bōgetsushō was created from 2007 up until early 2008.
In Silent Sinner in Blue, follows the efforts of Reimu Hakurei and Marisa Kirisame along Remilia Scarlet and Sakuya Izayoi of the Scarlet Devil Mansion as they attempt to send a rocket to the moon, purportedly in order to invade the Lunar Capital. It has Three Volumes with Seven Chapters each.
In Cage in Lunatic Runagate, it has stand-alone stories and offers background information to the main events in Silent Sinner in Blue, offering the insights and perspectives of minor characters and by those who don't appear at all.
In Inaba of the Moon and Inaba of the Earth, it deals primary with the Eientei residents.
- Silent Sinner in Blue - Released 2007/5/12 (V1), 2007/9/29 (V2), 2008/9/25 (V3)
- Cage in Lunatic Runagate - Eight Chapters, created and released in 2008/2/23
- Inaba of the Moon and Inaba of the Earth - mostly drawn and created by Toshihira Arata, made in four koma strips. Two Volumes, with seven chapters each. Both Volumes were released in a pack on 2008/12/19.
Art Books, Short Stories
Most of these short stories revolve around other characters, as opposed to the main characters (Reimu and Marisa).
- Bohemian Archive in Japanese Red (東方文花帖) - Released 2009/3/03
- Seasonal Dream Vision (東方紫香花) - Released 2009/6/08
- Symposium of Post-mysticism (東方求聞口授) - Released 2012/8/08
- Perfect Memento in Strict Sense (東方求聞史紀) - Released 2013/6/10
Wild and Horned Hermit (東方茨歌仙)
Created since 2010 and is ongoing. The main character of this series is Kasen Ibaraki, and later in the Twelve Chapter, Seiga Kaku joins as another main character with Kasen Ibaraki. Currently it spans Five Volumes and Twenty Five Chapters in Total (Five Chapters per Volume). The releases as follows:
- Volume One - Released 2010/5/12
- Volume Two - Released 2010/9/24
- Volume Three - Released 2011/2/21
- Volume Four - Released 2012/4/29
- Volume Five - Released 2012/9/30
- Volume Six - Released 2013/5/18
- Volume Seven - Released 2013/11/25
- Volume Eight - TBA
Forbidden Scrollery (東方鈴奈庵)
Forbidden Scrollery has been announced by ZUN as one in the works, and a preview of it has been seen at the end of the Fourth Volume in Wild and Horned Hermit. He announced that the first issue of it will be released sometime in mid-2013, around the same time as Perfect Memento in Strict Sense. This series will feature Kosuzu Motoori as the main character.
This series is co-created by both ZUN and Moe Harukawa.
- Volume One - Released 2013/5/18
- Volume Two - Released 2013/12/18
- Volume Three - TBA


text:
Love at first sight? Definitely!
Xander was adopted from Cat Haven a day after my birthday. I had spent over an hour going through every cage and seeing all abandoned cats and kitens but couldn't make up my mind. There were two very gorgeous teenage cats that I loved, but since I am only allowed to adopt one and these two must go as a pair, I continued my search. There was another Russian blue cat, about 18 months old, which caught my attention too. He was napping and just looking fabulous by being himself. And I thought I wanted him.
But then I decided to take another look at kittens area again.
Then I saw him…
He was busy 'bullying' a tabby kitten when we stopped at his cage to have a second look. Rather than running away or hidden behind the poles like other kittens, he curiously and bravely marched toward my hand and started slapping it.
His bright eyes were mischievously looking at me, while his very tiny paws were holding my finger, biting it. I instantly knew I wanted him.
He fell sick twice in the first two weeks. Suddenly my days were full of vet and animal clinic visits: dropping him off for examination and picking him up again the next day, buying medicine and forcing him to eat, staying up late and making sure he rested well. At some point I had to take him to the emergency hospital at 3 o'clock in the morning because I thought he was dying (he wasn't dying, he had a cat flu and it affected his breathing, but since he didn't know how to breath through his mouth every now and then it looked like he gasped for air). Overnight stay at the animal hospital cost about AUD 300, and in two weeks the bill was close to a thousand dollars.
He got better after 2 weeks. Eating a lot and starting to play with the toys I bought him. Before long he's back being his naughty, mischievous, adventurous, spoiled self.
But I noticed that he was… smelly
Maybe it's the smell that he picked up from the adoption place. Maybe because he still couldn't clean himself properly. But after keep wiping him with kitty wipes everyday and he's still stink, I decided to give him a bath.
Now, before you accuse me for abusing my kitten, I had consulted it with the adoption place and they told me that early age is a good start to introduce a cat to a bath. Contrary to popular beliefs, cats actually don't mind with water. Tigers and Egyptian cats actually love to play with water (tigers can even swim). So I gave Xander a bath, and after screaming on top of his lungs on the first and second bath, now when he's having his bath, he actually just stands still patiently until I'm done. His body odour was gone after the second bath and countless kitty wipes, and he looks (and smells) more… presentable.
Xander is almost a teenager now. He started wandering the back garden a couple of weeks a go, sniffing every plant, digging holes, and chasing lizards. Thankfully, he's happy just to stay in the back garden and still prefers to stay indoor most of the times. He goes to the front garden once in a while but always goes back again. Maybe because the grumpy dog across the street is so feisty guarding his territory. I'm sure there will be time that Xander will take over the world, but right now, he seems contented enough for taking over the back garden.
Here are some pictures of Xander:
Sleeping on top of his house…
Playing with his snaky toy…
Pretending he's hiding. Obviously
Biting my finger. Yum!
Sleeping after all day playing
Posing for a picture!


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 5, 1982
|Filing date
|Aug 14, 1980
|Priority date
|Aug 14, 1980
|Publication number
|Dorothy Maxwell, David A. Fell
|Original Assignee
|American Can Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (27), Classifications (17), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to non-pigmented jet ink compositions that dry opaque, particularly to compositions that dry opaque white, or opaque yellow, and to their application onto non-porous substrates. The ink compositions, which are suitable for use in high speed jet ink printing systems, contain a cellulose ester film former and a resin binder in a solvent blend. It is believed that the resulting film, obtained upon evaporation of the solvent blend, has a reticulated structure containing a multiplicity of microvoids, the microvoids scattering light incident thereupon, whereby the white opaque image is produced.
Jet ink printing systems discharge discrete droplets of ink through a fine jet nozzle to the substrate. In this method of printing, unlike letter press, gravure, silk screen and comparable printing techniques, there is no contact between the printer and article to be printed. The ink droplets have a defined resistivity so that they can be deflected by an electric field when discharged from the nozzle. The jet ink printing system is of considerable importance in applying decorative and identifying indicia to a variety of substrates, including glass, metal and synthetic polymeric surfaces. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,465,350 and 3,465,351 are exemplary of these systems.
Ink to be used with jet printing means have specific viscosity and resistivity limitations, should provide good wettability of the substrate, and must be quick drying and smear resistant. Further, the ink must be compatible both with the jet printing equipment and in the eventual end use application. With regard to the former it is critical that the ink flow through the fine jet nozzles without clogging same.
Typically, jet inks consist of three basic components--a colorant such as a dye or pigment; a resin binding agent which serves to secure or adhere the colorant to the substrate surface, and a carrier fluid or solvent for the colorant or binding agent, the carrier fluid evaporating upon application of the ink. In jet printing inks, an electrolyte is often employed to ensure that the droplets can be adequately charged whereby proper deflection is achieved. U.S. Pat. No. 4,021,252 issued to Banczak et al is representative of this genre of jet printing inks. Banczak uses from one to 25% by weight shellac as the binding agent, between 0.5 and 5% by weight of a basic dye as the colorant, and a solvent blend consisting of water and alcohol. Optionally the solvent blend may be modified by the addition of a glycol ether to solubilize colorants of limited solubility.
Other prior art patents reflective of the Banczak approach are listed below, some of which are for specific end use applications:
______________________________________U.S. Pat. No. 4,024,096 Wachtel4,070,322 Hwang et al4,155,767 Specht et al4,155,895 Rohowetz et al4,168,254 Fell4,168,662 Fell4,177,075 Mansukhani4,186,020 Wachtel4,196,006 Mansukhani4,196,007 MansukhaniGerman Offenlegungsschrift28 12 364 M&T Chemicals(PublishedOctober 1978)______________________________________
To produce an opaque white image utilizing the ink formulations of the above identified prior art references, it would be necessary to use a pigment such as rutile titanium dioxide. However, this opacifying agent is present in the solvent as a dispersed solid, and tends to settle out of solution thereby clogging the jet nozzle. This drawback is even more pronounced in low viscosity jet inks which are preferred. Other disadvantages of conventional pigmented inks are that they usually require curing at elevated temperatures, and/or have extended drying times. The goal of the present invention, then, is to provide non-pigmented jet inks that produce opaque white images on non-porous substrates, and which can be applied to said substrates in a single operating step.
As is well known in the art, a solution of certain compounds, particularly the cellulose esters, when applied to a surface will dry opaque white. See generally, Jerome Seiner, Microvoids As Pigments. A Review, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Product Research & Development, Vol. 17, pp. 302-317 (Dec. 12, 1978) and J. J. Clancy, Microvoid Coatings in Graphic Art Application. A Patent Survey, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Product Research & Development, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 30-34 (March 1974). A sampling of patents issued with respect to such compositions follows:
______________________________________U.S. Pat. No. 1,449,157 Wilkie2,296,337 Cummings2,519,660 James2,739,909 Rosenthal2,927,039 Vander Weel3,020,172 Mohnhaupt3,031,328 Larsen3,654,193 Seiner3,655,591 Seiner______________________________________
The above inventions are related to paints, paper coatings, and recording materials.
More recently, U.S. Pat. No. 4,207,577 to Mansukhani applied this technology to jet inks. The Mansukhani patent discloses a two-step procedure for obtaining opacity, the second step being either an adjustment of the temperature of the applied film to the ambient dew point, or by applying moisture thereto. In an alternate embodiment a basic dye is used in the ink formulation, the film then being moistened with water. The method above is applied to a general ink composition consisting of cellulose esters, binding agents and a solvent blend. The two step approach of Mansukhani represents a serious limitation in the use of his ink in certain applications. For example, some products are sensitive and can not undergo the second "moisturing" step. Other products are humidity sensitive. Similarly, printing on a hot surface will drive off the solvents before the second step can be accomplished. Finally, the Mansukhani method requires the addition of a second step treatment zone to existing product conveying systems.
It is an object of this invention to provide improved non-pigmented jet ink compositions, suitable for use with jet ink printing techniques, that provide opaque films.
It is another object of this invention to provide improved non-pigmented jet ink compositions that dry opaque white and which are suitable for use on metal, glass and other non-porous substrates.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a jet ink that dries opaque white which has good stability and shelf life.
A related aspect of this invention is to provide a method for obtaining substrates having identifying indicia, said indicia derived by application of the jet ink compositions of the present invention by means of jet ink printing techniques. In this regard, the indicia as applied to non-porous substrates exhibit ready adhesion thereto, are abrasion and fade resistent, and can withstand post application conditions of moisture and elevated temperature.
It is a primary object of this invention to obtain substrates having said identifying indicia by means of a one step method not involving a post cure treatment of the film to render it opaque.
A further object of the invention is to provide a method for reconstituting cycled ink used in the printing operation.
These and other objects of the invention will be better understood from a reading of the detailed description of the invention, a summary of which follows.
The jet ink formulations disclosed herein comprise a film forming cellulose ester having a hydroxyl content between 2 to 8%, a resin binding agent, and a solvent blend. Preferred cellulose esters are cellulose acetate propionates, cellulose acetate butyrates and cellulose acetates, while the binding agent may be selected from a wide range of alkali soluble resins of the rosin ester and maleic types as well as polyvinyl acetate and acrylic resins. The solvent blend consists essentially of at least one volatile organic solvent within which the film forming cellulose ester is soluble in combination with one or more non-solvents of reduced volatility within which the film forming cellulose ester is essentially insoluble, and which is miscible with the organic solvent. Volatile components of the solvent blend comprise from about 70 to 90% by weight of the ink composition, and are selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohols of one to three carbon atoms, ketones of three to seven carbon atoms, and acetates of four to seven carbon atoms. The non-solvent is present in concentration from about 2 to 10% by weight of the ink composition, the preferred non-solvent being water.
In use, the ink is fed from a supply reservoir to the nozzle of the jet printing apparatus and then dispensed as a coded series of droplets onto the substrate. Evaporation of the solvent blend from the droplets is achieved rapidly, the indicia turning opaque thereupon. Because the amount of ink actually printed is quite small, most printers transfer ink from the supply reservoir in a larger, more controllable volume, apply only the small quantity needed to the substrate, and send the excess to a return tank. However, the entire flow of ink from the supply reservoir discharges through the nozzle at atmospheric conditions, the resulting flash vaporization causing a change in the cycled ink composition present in the return tank. For this reason it is preferred to reconstitute the cycled ink with make-up solution consisting essentially of the organic solvent, but also including if necessary non-solvent and ink solids. The make-up ink is formulated specifically to re-attain approximately the supply reservoir composition for subsequent re-use of the cycled ink.
The non-pigmented jet ink compositions of the present invention contain a film forming cellulose ester, a resin binding agent and a solvent blend therefor hereinafter described. The composition may optionally contain other ink solids such as dyes, optical brighteners, surfactants, hygroscopic salts, and electrolytes. As used herein, pigment and dyes comprise the class of compounds defined as colorants. Pigments, generally being insoluble, dry powers, are incompatible with the invention; dyes, typically being soluble organic compounds, may be included to provide enhanced visibility of the opaque image on a particular substrate.
Each of the primary constituents must be in proper proportion to achieve both suitability for the jet ink printing apparatus and for coating a particular substrate. To meet these use requirements, the following standards should be attained:
(1) inks should dry essentially instantly or be smear resistant upon application with subsequent complete drying in about 60 seconds, preferably in less than 30 seconds, without a post cure;
(2) ink viscosity should be between from about 1.5 to about 25 centipoise, preferably between 1.5 and 18 centipoise;
(3) indicia printed on glass must exhibit ready adhesion thereto, be abrasion and fade resistant, and have the ability to withstand conditions of moisture and elevated temperature encountered generally during conventional pasteurization operations;
(4) as applied to metal or synthetic polymer coating surfaces, the indicia must exhibit resistance to fading and be able to maintain adhesion under pasteurization conditions when immersed in an aqueous solution for 15 minutes at 150� F.;
(5) indicia printed on bottles must exhibit resistance to removal by lubricant soaps conventionally used by commercial bottlers on conveying lines, and
(6) inks should have a minimum shelf life of about one month.
Fade resistance as used herein means that indicia should remain opaque on the substrate for a period of not less than three months. Shelf life is defined as the ability of the ink itself to render opaque white films upon use after storage at ambient conditions for no less than one month.
Investigations into the many film formers, the large array of binding agents, and the broad spectrum of solvent species and concentrations that can be hypothecated by a reading of the prior art revealed that the aforesaid properties of the ink, the characteristics of the indicia, and the one-step approach to film formation could be achieved only with the proper combination of compatible prime constituents. Thus, for example, adhesion to the substrate was poor unless the proper resin were used. The selection of resin, however, was a function of solvent blend employed and film former chosen. The ability to form an opaque film was likewise dependent on the compatibility of the constituents. Similarly, suitable shelf life was obtained by using the appropriate solvent blend--film former--resin ingredients.
The film former used in the ink composition must be a cellulose ester whose percent hydroxyl content ranges from between 2.0% to about 8.0%, preferably between 4.0% to 6.0%. The ester is present in concentrations from about 2.0 to 15.0% by weight of the composition, preferably from between 3.0 to 10.0% by weight of the ink formula. It is critical that the film former be gellable in the non-solvent as will be more extensively described below. Hence, while the film former is soluble in the volatile organic solvent constitutents of the solvent blend, it is essentially insoluble in the less volatile non-solvent. Furthermore, the ink system should have a viscosity between 1.5 to 25 cp., preferably between 1.5 and 18 cp. at the ester concentrations stated above for use with jet printing equipment. Preferred film formers are cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate and combinations of same, each having a preferred hydroxyl content between 4.0 and 6.0% of the ester, and are available commercially from Eastman Chemical Company.
The resin binding agent is used to improve the adhesion of the film to the substrate. It is believed that the ester film has a planar structure providing few sites for attachment to a surface. The binding agent apparently provides molecular projections which attach to the substrate. One class of appropriate binding agents are rosin based ester resins or maleic resins soluble in the ink solvent system and also soluble in the non-solvent. Dissolution of these resins in the non-solvent in many instances is enhanced by a somewhat basic environment. Therefore, it is often preferred to adjust the pH of the ink to between 8 and 9 when they are used by the addition of an effective amount of dilute ammonium hydroxide or the equivalent. Examples of such compounds are Alresat KM140, a rosin modified maleic anhydride resin (American Hoescht); UniRez 757, a maleic resin (Union Camp), and Filtrez 5001, a fumaric rosin based resin (FRP Company).
Preferred binding agents that can be used are polyvinyl acetate resins, acrylic type resins, and their copolymers. Commercially available resins of this type are Synthacryl VSC 75/1, an acrylic resin (American Hoescht); Gelva #264 and Gelva #V1 1/2, polyvinyl acetate resins (Monsanto), and NS26-1314, a carboxylated polyvinyl acetate resin copolymer (National Starch). As with the rosin and maleic resins, the preferred resins should be soluble in the ink solvent, and should also be soluble in water or dilute alkali solutions. In commercial form many of these binding agents themselves are in solution, the solvents therefor necessarily being compatible with the ink itself.
The binding agent is present in the ink composition in an amount between 1.5 to 15% by weight, although the preferred range is between 2 and 8% by weight. Necessarily, the agent must be compatible with the cellulose ester film former, and generally has a viscosity in a 50% by weight solution of dilute aqueous alkali of less than 15,000 cps., preferably less than 2000 cps. The melting point should be above 150� F. Binding agent percentages stated herein are on a resin solvent free basis.
In the description of the solvent blend, the following definitions are employed:
Solvent Blend--the mixture of a more volatile solvent and a less volatile non-solvent.
Solvent--the more volatile portion of the solvent blend within which the film former and resin is soluble. Where more than one solvent is used, the term solvent system has been employed. Non-solvent--the less volatile portion of the solvent blend within which the film former is essentially soluble.
The solvent blend consists essentially of at least one or more volatile solvents and at least one less volatile non-solvent. The amount of solvent in the blend must be sufficient to completely dissolve the film former notwithstanding the diminution of solvating power of the blend by the addition of non-solvent thereto. Its volatility should be such that substantial evaporation of the solvent takes place rapidly, preferably within 2 to 3 seconds, upon application of the ink composition to the substrate. However, the solvent must also be compatible with the jet ink printer. For example, ethers such as ethyl ether have been found to be suitable solvents yet are not preferred because they are incompatible with gaskets and seals typically used in the printing equipment and form dangerous reaction products with oxygen. Another requirement of the solvent is that it should evaporate uniformly from the film former and binder. That is, the solvent should be present in solution with the non-solvent and dissolved solid constituents throughout the initial evaporation period and at least until the onset of gellation as will hereinafter be described.
Conversely, the non-solvent, which is present in concentration ranging between 2 and 10% by weight of the composition, should be less volatile so that the non-solvent remains subsequent to the evaporation of the solvent. Of course, the rate of evaporation of individual constitutents of the blend will be dependent on their relative volatilities, and as evaporation takes place the solvent blend will become increasingly non-solvent rich. It is also preferable that the solvent blend constitutents not form an azeotrope that will solubilize the film former.
Water is the preferred non-solvent, although glycerin has also been found to be a suitable substitute. Water is preferred not only because it forms the desired gel with the film former, but also because its viscosity is low relative to its vapor pressure. Thus, when used in proper amounts, the viscosity of the ink composition ranges between 1.5 and 25 cp. as noted above.
Solvents acceptable for use in the blend are aliphatic alcohols having from one to three carbons, aliphatic ethers having from four to ten carbons, aliphatic ketones of three to seven carbons, and aliphatic acetates of three to seven carbons, none of which form an azeotrope that will dissolve the film former. In addition, two or more solvents can be combined within the blend, and such combinations are preferred in balancing the volatility, viscosity, density and resistivity properties of the ink composition. For example, methanol is a suitable solvent. However, solvent systems comprising methanol-acetone, methanol-methyl ethyl ketone, and methanol-acetone-methyl ketone have been found more effective. Similarly, the methanol-ethyl acetate and methanol-acetone-ethyl acetate solvent systems have been used with success. Generally, however, alkyl acetates and ketones should not be present in amounts above about 50% by weight of the solvent. As parameters for achieving a usable solvent system for incorporation into the solvent blend, it is desirable for the relative drying time of the solvent system to be in the range between one and nine as compared with ethyl ether having an arbitrary drying time of 1.0 (quick drying), and for the viscosity to be between from about 0.2 and 1.2 cp. Preferably, the ink composition contains at least 30% by weight methanol. The remaining solvent blend constituents are, as a weight percent of the ink composition, preferably between 20 and 50% acetone, from 0 to about 25% methyl ethyl ketone, and from 0% to about 25% ethyl acetate. The solvent system is between 70% and 90% by weight of the ink composition. The solvent blend, including nonsolvent and solvent, in combination with the film former and the binding agent, comprises the ink composition, except for minor concentrations of miscellaneous additives hereinafter described.
In general the resistivity of the ink should be between 100 and 3500 ohm/cm., preferably between 500 and 2000 ohm/cm. In some instances the solvent blend or the resin binding agent used will satisfy this requirement. However, electrolytes can be added optionally to maintain the specific resistivity of the ink within desired limits for use in video jet printing equipment. Satisfactory compounds include dimethylamine hydrochloride, sodium propionate, sodium acetate, and the like. In addition, it has been found that the addition of a hygroscopic salt and preferably a deliquescent salt such as dimethylamine hydrochloride or lithium chloride in an amount between 0.05 and 3.%, preferably between 0.1 and 1.0%, by weight of the composition also enhances the opacity of the dried film. Hence, such hygroscopic/deliquescent salts are the preferred electrolytes, and may be included even though the resistivity is within an acceptable range without their addition.
Finally, small amounts, generally no more than 2.0% each by weight, of conventional basic dyes, surfactants, and optical brighteners, can be included in the composition. A dye is useful when a white image does not show up clearly on a particular substrate. However, the film produced is still opaque, and relies on the mechanism described below for visibility. Particularly advantageous dyes for use herein are yellow. Typical yellow dyes are Morfast Yellow 101, an azo-type dye and Morfast Yellow 102, a metal-complexed azo-type dye, both available from Morton-Norwich Company. The above dyes are supplied as a 50% solution, with isopropanol as the solvent. When used, these dye solutions typically comprise 0.5% to 4% by weight of the ink composition.
Another acceptable yellow dye is Neozapon Yellow GG, also a metal-complexed azo-type dye, available from BASF Wyandotte Company.
It is believed that the following events take place to form the film which produces the opaque images.
Upon deposition of the ink on the substrate, the solvent blend evaporates rapidly. Because of the difference in relative volatility between the solvent and non-solvent, the cellulose ester film former and binding agent remain behind in a progressively non-solvent rich residuum of the solvent blend. As the concentration of non-solvent increases, the film former, which is insoluble in the non-solvent, forms a gel with but a portion of the remaining solvent blend. The surplus of solvent blend not entrapped within the gel is present as microdroplets amid the gel. Upon subsequent complete evaporation of the solvent blend, now principally the non-solvent species therein, a reticulated film is produced over the substrate, the microdroplets having produced a network of microvoids both within and on the surface of the film, said microvoids scattering incident light thereby making the film opaque.
A continuous stream of ink is transferred from a pressurized supply reservoir for discharge as droplets from a printing nozzle at ambient conditions. The pressure in the reservoir is sufficient to overcome transfer line and nozzle pressure drops, said pressure being about 10 to 50 psia. The disposition of the droplets exiting the nozzle is dependent on whether a coded message is to be printed on a substrate. Assuming that the coded message is not to be printed, the droplets are recaptured proximate to the nozzle and cycled back to a return tank. Because the nozzle discharges to atmosphere, it is necessary that the return tank be under vacuum, the return tank pressure being about 4-6 psia.
When an article to be encoded passes beneath the printer nozzle, a portion of the droplet stream is deflected by a pre-set series of electric signals thereby causing the coded message to be printed. The bulk of the droplets, however, continue to be recaptured for transfer to the return tank. This system is used because the actual amount of ink necessary for printing the coded messages is substantially smaller than the volumetric flow rate through the printing equipment required for meaningful control. Droplets applied to the substrate turn opaque rapidly, generally within a few seconds, by means of the mechanism postulate above.
Because of the flash vaporization which occurs at the nozzle, and the reduction in pressure in the return tank, the composition of the ink in the return tank is different than the ink in the supply reservoir. For this reason it is necessary to reconstitute the former for eventual re-use by the addition of make-up solution. The make-up formulation is a function of the rate of loss of the ink constituents, and consists essentially of the volatile solvent species, but may also include non-solvent and ink solids. In general, make-up is added intermittently. The return tank is mounted on a weigh scale, and as evaporation occurs, an automatic valve is actuated to allow make-up solution to be transferred from a make-up reservoir to the return tank. Alternately, a property of the ink could be monitored, e.g., specific gravity, to actuate the transfer. Because the rate of loss is dependent upon the actual ink composition and operating conditions, the make-up solution composition should be determined a priori by a trial and error procedure.
The examples below further illustrate the teachings of this disclosure:
The ink formulation which follows was used successfully to print white opaque videojet codes on glass and black cable:
______________________________________ pbw______________________________________Cellulose Acetate Propionate Film Former 4.32(Eastman CAP 504-0.2)Polyvinyl Acetate Binding Agent:(Monsanto Gelva #264) Resin 2.14 Ethanol 2.61Methanol Solvent 86.4Water Non-Solvent 4.32Dimethylamine Hydrochloride Electrolyte; 0.20(DMA.HCl) OpacifierTotal 99.99______________________________________
The use of cellulose acetate propionate has been found to be the most preferred film former of those tested. Publication No. E-169D from Eastman indicates that CAP 504-0.2 has the following properties:
______________________________________Viscosity 0.2 seconds (ASTM D-1343 with Formula A, D-817)Specific Gravity 1.263 25�/4� C.Melting Range 188-210� C.Hydroxyl Content 5.0 wt. % (avg.)Propionyl Content 40.0 wt. % (avg.)Acetyl Content 2.5 wt. % (avg.)______________________________________
Gelva #264 is a vinyl type resin whose viscosity is between 7000 and 11000 cps. in a 55-57% ethanol solution by weight. For computing solvent blend constituent concentrations, the resin solvent should be taken into account. Conversely, resin concentrations defined herein are on a dry basis.
The ink produced according to this formulation had a Brookfield viscosity of 4.0 centipoises at 24.5� C. and a resistivity of 800 ohm/cm. at 24.5� C.
In this example, the solvent comprises a mixture of methanol and acetone, the acetone being used to reduce the viscosity of the ink composition.
______________________________________ pbw______________________________________Cellulose Acetate Propionate(Eastman CAP 504-0.2) Film Former 8.0Acrylic Resin (American Binding Agent:Hoescht Synthacryl VSC 75/1) Resin 2.8 Isopropanol 2.8 Water 1.4Methanol Solvent 40.0Acetone Solvent 50.0Water Non-Solvent 6.0Dimethylamine Hydrochloride Electrolyte; 0.2 OpacifiersTotal 111.20______________________________________
This composition has a Brookfield viscosity of 6.11 centipoises at 24.5� C., and produced a smear resistent printed code about two seconds after application to the substrate.
______________________________________EXAMPLE 3 pbw______________________________________CAP 504-0.20 7.0Synthacryl VSC 75/1 6.0Methanol 44.5Acetone 26.5Methyl Ethyl Ketone 9.0Water 5.8Surfactant 1.0DMA.HCl 0.2Total 100.0______________________________________
The Brookfield viscosity was 5.6 cps. and the resistivity was 800 ohm-cm., each at 24.5� C. This ink was life tested and produced opaque images upon use after 1000 hours of storage at ambient conditions.
In conjunction with the use of this ink on the jet printing apparatus, the following make-up solution was employed:
______________________________________ ml. (25� C.)______________________________________Acetone 1425Methanol 1110Methyl Ethyl Ketone 230Ink (as stated above) 234 2999.______________________________________
Table I provides further examples of the use of cellulose acetate propionate in combination with various resin compounds and solvent blends.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________Example No.Constituent, pbw 4* 5 6 7 8 9__________________________________________________________________________CAP504-0.2 60 6.0 6.0 8.0 7.0 4.5Binding Agent: Resin 60 Resin 5.0 Resin 2.4 Resin 2.6 Resin 2.4 Resin 2.0 Ethanol 3.6 Isopropanol 0.4 Isopropanol Ethanol 2.5 Water 4.0 Water 1.2 (Rosin modified (Maleic resin, (Carboxylated (Acrylic resin, (Syntharcyl (Gelva #264) maleic resin, UniRez 7083, polyvinyl Acrysol 1-100, VSC 75/1) Alresat KM140, Union Camp acetate, Rohm and Haas) American Hoescht) Corp.) NS-26-1314, National Starch)Methanol 805 82.0 84.0 40.0 57.5 85.5Acetone 30.0MEK 20.0Ethyl Acetate 25.0Water 65 7.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 4.5DMA.HCl 0.2 0.5Optical Brightener 15 (Hm-35, DayGlo Corp.)Surfactant 20 1.0 0.5 (FC 170C, 3M Corp.) (FC 170C) (Arquad 2C-75, Armak Chemicals)Dye 2 (Yellow GG, BASF Wyandotte)TOTAL, pbw 1027 100.0 101.0 111.2 100.5 99.5__________________________________________________________________________ *Sufficient NH4 OH to raise pH to 8.5
This ink composition shows the use of cellulose acetate butyrate, which has a hydroxyl content of 4.3%.
______________________________________ pbw______________________________________Cellulose Acetate Butyrate 6.0(Eastman CAP 533-0.4)Acrylic Resin (Synthacryl 7.0VSC 75/1)Methanol 45.0Acetone 20.0Methyl Ethyl Ketone 9.0Water 7.0DMA.HCl 0.2Total 94.2______________________________________
The examples above are intended to be illustrative only, and are not to be construed as in any way limiting the invention defined by the claims which follow.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 12, 1959
|Apr 24, 1962
|Ludlow Corp
|Method and composition for waterresistant recording material
|Jan 13, 1970
|Apr 4, 1972
|Ppg Industries Inc
|Opaque microporous film and process for preparing the same
|Feb 21, 1979
|Mar 25, 1980
|American Can Company
|Videojet ink composition
|Sep 13, 1978
|Jun 10, 1980
|Whittaker Corporation
|Opaque jet inks
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 9, 1983
|Mar 5, 1985
|Tektronix, Inc.
|Hydrophobic substrate with coating receptive to inks
|Apr 18, 1985
|May 20, 1986
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Carboxylated cellulose ester and manufacture thereof
|Sep 8, 1987
|Apr 18, 1989
|Nashua Corporation
|High solids content CB coating
|Aug 20, 1987
|Apr 18, 1989
|Nashua Corporation
|High solids content coated back paper
|Jul 27, 1989
|May 21, 1991
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Recording material
|Apr 28, 1989
|Jun 4, 1991
|Dataproducts Corporation
|Thermally reversible sol-gel phase change ink or bubble jet ink
|Feb 7, 1992
|Jul 12, 1994
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Image recording ink
|Jan 29, 1993
|Nov 8, 1994
|The Gillette Company
|Fiber marker including an erasable ink
|Oct 11, 1994
|Sep 26, 1995
|Willett International Limited
|Ink composition
|Feb 7, 1995
|Nov 14, 1995
|Willett International Limited
|Ink composition
|Nov 30, 1994
|May 21, 1996
|Nashua Corporation
|Xerographable carbonless forms
|May 25, 1993
|Jan 14, 1997
|Alexiou; Michael
|Correction fluids
|Oct 7, 1994
|Feb 4, 1997
|The Gillette Company
|Erasable inks
|Mar 13, 1996
|Jun 10, 1997
|Videojet Systems International, Inc.
|Citrus marking jet ink
|Oct 31, 1995
|Oct 7, 1997
|Subbaraman; Ramesh B.
|Non-pigmented opaque jet ink compositions and methods of creating opaque indicia with temporarily varying opacity
|Aug 5, 1994
|Jan 20, 1998
|Subbaraman; Ramesh B.
|Non-pigmented opaque jet ink compositions and methods of creating opaque indicia
|Oct 10, 1996
|Mar 10, 1998
|The Gillette Company
|Correction fluids
|Mar 21, 1997
|Jul 6, 1999
|The Gillette Company
|Erasable inks
|Jan 9, 1997
|Jul 13, 1999
|The Gillette Company
|Correction fluid
|Jan 20, 1998
|Jul 20, 1999
|The Gillette Company
|Aqueous correction fluids
|Jul 24, 1997
|Nov 28, 2000
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|Ink-receptive compositions and coated products
|Apr 28, 1999
|Mar 13, 2001
|Xerox Corporation
|Ink compositions
|Oct 21, 1996
|Dec 18, 2001
|The Gillette Company
|Aqueous correction fluids
|Jun 10, 1999
|Sep 3, 2002
|Videojet Technologies Inc.
|Ink jet ink composition
|May 26, 2000
|Apr 27, 2004
|Videojet Technologies Inc.
|Continuous ink jet printing ink composition
|Feb 1, 2005
|Aug 4, 2005
|Bauer Richard D.
|Binder additive for inkjet ink
|Feb 17, 1992
|Sep 3, 1992
|Willett International Limited
|Jet ink composition and method
|U.S. Classification
|524/38, 524/755, 524/732, 524/765, 523/160, 106/170.21, 106/14.5, 523/218, 347/100, 106/31.58, 106/31.41, 106/31.37, 523/171, 524/41
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 11, 1983
Owner name: MANUFACTURERS HANOVER TRUST COMPANY A NEW YORK BA
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES,INC., A NE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004150/0279
Effective date: 19830601
|Aug 26, 1983
Owner name: AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES, INC., A NV CORP.
Free format text: LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:AMERICAN CAN COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004169/0001
Effective date: 19830624


text:
Jax Pavan 89 was one of the 582,797,754 Human males named Jax Pavan on Coruscant.
He was a worthless tramp that
wasted spent his entire life dreaming of how to Destroy your planet. He is thought to have come up with over 200 different ways of destroying planets, however he never got to implement any of them, and his knowledge died with him.


text:
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