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Ravishing In Red
When grandma sees this beauty she will be proud of you for remembering her gift to you many years ago. The feature of this jewelry box is the finding on the top. This rhinestone brooch was a hand me down from grandmother to daughter, and daughter cherished it dearly. But, she didn't wear it because it was just not the style of jewelry for her to wear with her wardrobe. So, at the suggestion of Alexander, she had Vivian Alexander remove the backing pin and incorporate it into this very nice jewelry box. The price of this jewelry box shown above includes an estimated $150.00 for the brooch. You can supply us with your cherished heirloom jewelry piece, or you can have us find a piece for you. Look in the back of your jewelry drawer, I bet you can find a long forgotten jewelry piece that has fond memories; that would look lovely displayed on your dressing table or in your sitting room. Send us your piece, tell us your color of enamel, and we will take it from there.


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Admire LVQ—Adaptive Distance Measures in Relevance Learning Vector Quantization
- First Online:
The extension of Learning Vector Quantization by Matrix Relevance Learning is presented and discussed. The basic concept, essential properties, and several modifications of the scheme are outlined. A particularly successful application in the context of tumor classification highlights the usefulness and interpretability of the method in practical contexts. The development and putting forward of Matrix Relevance Learning Vector Quantization was, to a large extent, pursued in the frame of the project Adaptive Distance Measures in Relevance Learning Vector Quantization—Admire LVQ, funded through the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) under project code 612.066.620, from 2007 to 2011.
KeywordsMachine learning Adaptive distances Prototype-based classification Similarity-based clustering
1 Introduction
The comparison of observations with a set of reference data in terms of a similarity measure constitutes a natural and very intuitive approach to clustering or classification. The classic K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) scheme, arguably the most popular classifier, applies this concept with respect to previously stored, labeled example data.
Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) as introduced by Kohonen [14] combines the idea with the representation of the reference data by a few prototypes. Their determination in a training phase is often reminiscent of competitive learning [5]. Most frequently, a Nearest Prototype Classification (NPC) scheme is implemented in the working phase of LVQ classifiers.
Several improved versions of the basic LVQ algorithm have been suggested, including the cost function based Generalized LVQ (GLVQ) [15] and Robust Soft LVQ [20] which is guided by the maximization of likelihood ratios.
LVQ and other prototype-based classifiers share the attractive feature of being very intuitive and plausible, in contrast to many other learning systems. Prototypes are defined in the same space as the observed data and can be understood as typical representatives of their classes. This allows for straightforward interpretations of the classifier and facilitates discussions with application domain experts.
A key step in the design of such systems is the choice of a suitable measure of similarity or, rather, dissimilarity. For problems in which N-dimensional feature vectors represent the observations, standard Euclidean distance or other Minkowski metrics are employed most frequently without further justification. While such a choice appears plausible when all features are similar in nature, difficulties arise for feature vectors which comprise quantities of entirely different quality or order of magnitude. Standard distance measures are frequently sensitive to, for instance, rescaling or more general linear transformations of the features. Consequently, their naïve use is very often problematic in practice.
One very successful approach to overcome this difficulty is known as relevance learning in the literature [6, 12]. Its formulation is particularly transparent in the framework of prototype-based classifiers. The basic idea is to fix only the algebraic form of the dissimilarity in N-dim. feature space. Its parameters can then be optimized with respect to the available example data in the same training process as the prototypes. The concept is extremely versatile and allows for the consideration of a variety of distances including generalized Euclidean metrics [6, 12] or less conventional choices like statistical divergences or measures tailored for the classification of functional data [13].
The main aim of the project Adaptive Distance Measures in Relevance Learning Vector Quantization—Admire LVQ was to develop and put forward an important extension of existing relevance learning schemes [7, 16]. The framework of Matrix Relevance LVQ (MRLVQ) was established which employs generalized Euclidean distances defined by quadratic forms, i.e. matrices of real-valued coefficients [9, 17, 18, 19]. In the project, a number of extensions and modifications were formulated and properties of the novel algorithms were studied theoretically and in computer experiments. Moreover, example applications were addressed, mainly in the context of biomedical data analysis.
In the next section, we exemplify the concept of MRLVQ in terms of the cost function based Generalized Matrix Relevance LVQ (GMLVQ) [17]. In Sect. 3 we highlight a recent medical application, which illustrates the usefulness and interpretability of the approach. We conclude with an outlook on current and future research in the context of adaptive distance measures in Sect. 4.
2 Matrix Relevance LVQ
An LVQ system for the classification of feature vectors x∈ℝN is parameterized in terms of a number K of prototypes \(\{\mathbf {w}_{j} \in \mathbb{R}^{N} \}_{j=1}^{K}\) which serve as typical representatives of the classes c(wj)∈{1,2,…C}. Note that several prototypes may represent the same class.
A very important aspect of matrix relevance learning is its inherent tendency to yield low-rank matrices in the course of training: the resulting matrices Λ obtained by GMLVQ or heuristic LVQ updates become singular and are, generically, dominated by one or very few eigenvectors. Note that the distance measure (1) need not be strictly positive definite for the LVQ classifier to be meaningful. The convergence behavior can be understood by means of a mathematical analysis of the procedure under simplifying assumptions, see [2, 3]. As a consequence, the effective number of free parameters grows only linearly with N, while, nominally, N2 parameters have to be adapted. This explains why the introduction of relevance matrices in GMLVQ training has not led to overfitting effects in most practical applications or benchmark tests.
In the following, a few important variations of matrix relevance learning are mentioned, documenting the flexibility of the approach.
Cost functions: Generalized dissimilarities of the form (1) can be inserted in a multitude of distance based machine learning systems. In the context of LVQ, alternative cost functions can be employed, one example being the likelihood based objective of RSLVQ [20], see [18] for the incorporation of matrix relevances and the formulation of a likelihood-scheme replacing the simple NPC.
Diagonal relevance matrices: Restricting the measure (1) to diagonal matrices Λ and Ω recovers the simpler and less powerful GRLVQ scheme [12]. Here, single dimensions in feature space are weighted or rescaled by the positive relevance factors \(\Lambda_{jj} = \Omega_{jj}^{2}\).
Local distance measures: The flexibility of the matrix relevance approach can be greatly increased by using class-wise or local distance measures [17]. For instance, the assignment of a separate relevance matrix Λ(j)=Ω(j)⊤Ω(j) to each of the prototypes results in piecewise quadratic decision boundaries in the NPC scheme.
Limited rank relevance matrices: The basic formalism also allows to parameterize Λ in terms of a rectangular (N×M)-matrix Ω with M<N, where M explicitly limits the rank of Λ. Together with an appropriate penalty term added to the cost function, the system can be forced to exploit the maximum rank M. Therefore, explicit control of rank(Λ) can be achieved [7, 9, 19]. One motivation for imposing this restriction is to reduce the number of adaptive parameters explicitly. Despite the above discussed tendency of Λ to approach low rank, the optimization of (N×N) matrices may become infeasible and costly in the presence of very high-dimensional data. Furthermore, the projections obtained by Limited Rank Matrix LVQ (LiRaM LVQ) facilitate the discriminative visualization of labeled data sets for M=2 or 3 [2, 7, 9].
3 Classification of Adrenal Tumors
Matrix relevance learning has proven useful in a number of benchmark problems and relevant practical applications from various contexts, including computer vision [10], bioinformatics [21], or content-based image retrieval [8]. In the following, a recent medical application is highlighted. Here, it is not the primary goal to report the results or technical aspects, which has been done in detail elsewhere [1, 4], but to emphasize the usefulness of the approach, in particular with respect to the interaction with domain experts.
The analysis of so-called omics data plays a role of increasing importance with respect to biomarker based diagnoses and personalized medicine. This comprises a multitude of methods based on genomics, proteomics, metabolomics or other patient specific data.
In collaboration with medical researchers from the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (www.ensat.org) and, in particular, from the Medical School of the University of Birmingham, UK, a diagnosis tool was developed for the detection of malignancy in adrenal tumors [1]. Matrix relevance learning was applied in the analysis of steroid metabolomics data, representing the 24 h excretion of 32 steroid biomarkers in patients with adrenal tumors. In a first retrospective study the target was to assign each steroid profile to the class of benign adrenocortical adenoma, ACA for short, or malignant adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC).
Moreover, GMLVQ facilitated novel insights into the problem and provided an excellent basis for discussions in this interdisciplinary project. Besides interpretable prototypes for ACA and ACC steroid profiles, the method delivered the corresponding global relevance matrix which quantifies the significance of single steroid markers and combinations thereof. A number of markers were identified as highly relevant for the GMLVQ-based classification, while considerations on the level of univariate statistics showed no significant correlation with the class memberships [1]. This reflects the strength of matrix relevance learning as a truly multivariate, interpretable approach.
Based on the obtained matrix relevances, a panel of nine particularly relevant steroid markers was selected. Clearly, the achievable classification is limited compared to the use of the full panel of 32 markers. However, our analysis showed that the performance in terms of the ROC is only slightly inferior [1, 4]. Limiting the analysis to a smaller number of markers facilitates an efficient technical realization of the test as a promising, non-invasive diagnosis tool [1]. Prospective studies concerning novel patient data will be required to substantiate this claim. Further aims of this ongoing line of research include the consideration of larger pools of potential markers, the incorporation of additional clinical data, and the monitoring of patients during and after treatment. Moreover, the potential identification of subtypes of ACA and ACC tumors should become feasible as larger amounts of patient data become available.
4 Summary and Outlook
Within the NWO funded project Admire LVQ, Matrix Relevance LVQ has been established as a versatile and powerful framework for the classification of multidimensional data [7, 16]. The basic concept was developed and properties of various MRLVQ based algorithms were studied systematically. Benchmark tests and practical applications, mainly from the biomedical domain, showed that MRLVQ constitutes a competitive classification tool. Moreover, the emerging plausible systems provide valuable insights into the problems at hand and facilitate fruitful interdisciplinary collaboration.
Forthcoming studies will address important modifications of the basic MRLVQ scheme. For instance, block or triangular matrices could be used to reflect prior domain knowledge about the dependence or interaction of features. Along the same lines, specific forms of matrix relevance learning can be designed for the classification of functional data where neighboring features may be highly correlated, see [13] for first ideas concerning diagonal relevance matrices. Heterogeneous data sets comprising features from various sources and of different nature, for instance combinations of numerical and categorical data, require the design of modified adaptive distance measures and improved prototype schemes. Imposing suitable sparsity constraints on the relevance matrices opens new routes to feature selection which are currently under investigation. Moreover, the many attractive features of MRLVQ will be taken advantage of in further relevant and up to date practical applications.
This project would have been impossible without the groundbreaking ideas and contributions of numerous colleagues. Special thanks go to Wiebke Arlt, Kerstin Bunte, Barbara Hammer, and Petra Schneider.
This work was supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) under project code 612.066.620.
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

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Definition Edit
A ballot marking device uses electronic technology to mark an optical scan ballot at voter direction, interpret the ballot selections, communicate the interpretation for voter verification, and then print a voter-verified ballot. A ballot marking device integrates components such as an optical scanner, printer, touch-screen monitor, and a navigational keypad.
Overview Edit
Voters use the device's accessible interface to record their choices on a paper or digital ballot. For example, voters with visual impairments will use an audio interface as well as a Braille keypad to make a selection. Voters who prefer to vote in an alternate language can also utilize the audio interface. Voters with disabilities can make their selection using a foot-pedal or a sip-puff device. These devices do not store or tabulate votes electronically. When votes have been recorded and verified, they are printed on a standard optical scan ballot that must be read, recorded, and tabulated by a precinct-based or central count optical scanner. This technology includes functionality to prevent overvotes and undervotes.


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Dell PE 2850, out of warranty coverage. 4 SCSI disks in two sets of RAID1 via hardware RAID controller.
Far as I can tell, the controller died, as when it is POSTing, the discs showup but it says the controller isn't synching and we don't get the OS to load.
If I order a new server with SCSI drive bays, should I be able to simply slide the old drives in to recover the data?? Or does the RAID controller on the old server need to be replaced to do this?
Jan 7, 2011 at 1:48 UTC
Backups are very handy when something like this happens.
As long as you have a server that can setup the RAID as you had you should be able to get the data off. Now will they boot?... probably not unless the hardware is the same. You may need to use a linux boot disk.
9 Replies
Jan 7, 2011 at 1:48 UTC
Backups are very handy when something like this happens.
As long as you have a server that can setup the RAID as you had you should be able to get the data off. Now will they boot?... probably not unless the hardware is the same. You may need to use a linux boot disk.
Jan 7, 2011 at 1:49 UTC
In theory yes you could just drop the old drives in the new server and magic will happen, but there is the likely chance that one of the drives could have failed thus killing the raid. Also you may need to do some configuration on the new controller.
Jan 7, 2011 at 1:54 UTC
The box is serviced by our PBX vendor...they keep backup of the "important" information...I hope. Unfortunately, I haven't been servicing this location long enough to know what info they are backing up.
Found a replacement server to be delivered on Monday.
Jan 7, 2011 at 2:03 UTC
Have you tried entering the SCSI RAID Controller's BIOS setup? If that's working you should be able to find out more about what's going on... If you can't, your "bad controller" theory's given a lot of creedence. I've never had luck transferring array drives to other controllers without having to do a restore.
Jan 7, 2011 at 2:52 UTC
networksystems.com is an IT service provider.
When this has happened to me in the past we typically put one of the RAID 1 drives into a server. This should be readable as a non-raid drive. If it is Ghost it before trying it in a RAID set (in case the RAID controller hoses the data).
Can you hook up one drive in this server without the RAID controller?
Jan 7, 2011 at 5:03 UTC
I didn't see an option to enter the RAID BIOs during POST, only a " SCSI disk manager" utility, but it did not have any info on the RAID physical/logical drives, as far as I could tell. I know with the newer Dell servers, you usually see the PERC/6i controller BIOs as an option during POST. This is an older server and I did not set it up, so I'm not sure which controller BIOs it uses. Nothing during POST said anything about the disks, except the "Disk Manager," which looked like it only gave the options to enable/disable the disks.
Forgive me for asking...but how would I go about connecting a single disk to the server without the RAID controller?
I have not had any failures like this before, only a few disks, which were automatically re-built when the new one was popped in, so this is all new ground to me.
Jan 8, 2011 at 11:33 UTC
networksystems.com is an IT service provider.
The server has to support connecting SCSI disks to it without the RAID controller or else the controller needs to support JBOD, so that you can read just the one disk. Since you don't see a RAID controller in the boot phase can you get into the SCSCI disk manager?
Jan 9, 2011 at 5:32 UTC
I'm assuming I am seeing the SCSI disk manager as it doesn't have any info on the RAID setup.
Jan 10, 2011 at 7:11 UTC
It sounds like your raid controller's gone. Are you sure your raid was being managed by a raid controller? It is possible that they had the raid implemented through software. I'm not saying that would be a smart way to do it, but it is possible. There should definitely be a way to get into a raid controller's setup from the POST screens.
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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Schnucks Celebrates 30 Years of Service to Cape Girardeau
ST. LOUIS, Mo. - Customers and associates of Schnucks' Cape Girardeau supermarket joined local dignitaries recently in celebration of the store's three decades of service to Southeast Missouri.
ST. LOUIS, Mo. - Customers and associates of Schnucks' Cape Girardeau supermarket joined local dignitaries recently in celebration of the store's three decades of service to Southeast Missouri.
The Cape Girardeau location was the first combination food and drug store for family-owned Schnuck Markets, Inc. On hand for the event was Schnucks executive committee chairman Craig Schnuck, who was also present at the grand opening of the original Schnucks-Walgreens store on Nov. 16, 1976. Only five years later in 1981, Schnucks would purchase Walgreens' interest in the partnership.
"Thirty years ago, the Cape community helped us to launch a new store and to pilot a new concept," said Schnuck. "Because of the conveniences they offered and the growing number of customers interested in eating healthy and maintaining healthy lifestyles, we knew combination food and drug stores represented the future of food retailing. We are grateful to our Cape customers for their support over the years. Customer loyalty and the consistently high levels of service and community support provided by Schnucks associates are the keys to Schnucks' longevity and success in this market."
Speaking of the value the retailer places on its loyal customers, store manager Denny Marchi said: "Every customer is valued here at Schnucks, and our associates work hard everyday to thank them for their patronage. However, on this special day, we want to invite everyone to stop by the store and celebrate with us."
Schnuck Markets, Inc. operates 101 stores (including five Logli stores) and 98 pharmacies in Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Iowa.


text: To get from Bastia umbra to Caltagirone by train you can catch one of the 5 trains that everyday travel between these two cities. The first train to Caltagirone leaves from Bastia umbra at 06:11 and the last train departs at 22:37. If you choose a local train the trip lasts on average 01:31 hours. For your trip from Bastia umbra to Caltagirone by train you can choose to leave from one of Bastia umbra main stations: Bastia On Wanderio you can compare all schedules, fares and railway companies to Caltagirone and book the best itinerary starting from Bastia umbra.


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posts tagged with: berlin
berlin: aesop store opening
aesop has opened its first signature store in germany, and where else but in berlin's happening mitte district.
berlin: cults
something of a cult himself, this creative multi-tasker now dedicates a show to the cult phenomenon. we're talking aaron rose's solo exhibition of new works at berlin's circle culture gallery...and it opens tonight!
berlin: the ride
celebrating the release of a book on the joys of motorcycle riding, publisher gestalten has transformed its gallery space into biker's wet dream.
berlin: rats pop-up store
new york city transplants gabriel kuo and keren richter open a pop-up store filled with their fav brands from the big apple and beyond.
berlin: new tendency pop-up store
new tendency is a design agency based in berlin. it adds a new chapter to its activities by opening a pop-up store in the mitte district that stocks furniture, accessories and a new jewellery collection.
berlin: painkiller
adidas and kompakt records have teamed up for the release of an exclusive product release for the terranova painkiller ep.
berlin: superconscious store opening
superconsicous is a little gem that has popped up in mitte's bubbling retail landscape with a signature all its own.
berlin: apple store opening
the wait was a pretty lengthy one for berliners, but now they finally have their apple store...it's in fact the biggest in all of europe.
berlin: the abstracts of an imagined scenery in light
the black comme des garçons store hosts a new exhibition by japanese photographer mikio hasui...and it opens tonight!
berlin: fabric-dying crash course
shabd simon-alexander is a new york-based tie-dye artist extraordinaire. she traverses the big pond to give a workshop in berlin during betahaus' packed artisan weekend.


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Welcome to Dawn Crafton Dance Connection
Since 1954, Dawn Crafton has brought the joy of dance to thousands of children, adults, parents, and grandparents. Today, Dawn and the experienced faculty at Dawn Crafton Dance Connection (DCDC) are committed to providing your dancer a quality dance education in a professional, nurturing environment.
DCDC offers recreational to intensive programs for dancers of all ages and abilities, including adult classes, in a wide variety of disciplines: Ballet, Pointe, Contemporary, Tap, Jazz, Hip Hop, Conditioning, Leaps and Turns, Pom Technique, Creative Movement, Pre-School Combo Tap/Ballet, Ballroom, Floor Barre, Stretch and Tumbling plus a Nationally Award Winning Competition Team, Private Lessons and Birthday Parties. We invite you to browse the pages of our website to explore all we have to offer.
DCDC News
I have been a member of the DCDC family for most of my life, as a student and now as a proud dance mom. It helped shape who I am today. The performances are truly magical.
My daughter has been dancing at DCDC for the past 7 years. She has become a skilled dancer, gained incredible poise, part of a winning competition team and has forged lifelong friendships. DCDC is truly her extended family. Many thanks to Kelly, Dawn, Erin, Caroline and to all her wonderful teachers.
My daughter is receiving so much more than a dance education at DCDC. She is learning many skills that will help her throughout her life, such as perseverance, dedication, teamwork & discipline. She has gained a beautiful confidence that I don't think I would have been able to give her.
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Chocolate Chocolate Chip Zucchini Cake
Baby Shower Elephant Cookie Favors-Congrats Sally
The elephant cookies for Sally's baby shower were the simple favors we gave out. I used SugarBelles Sugar cookie recipe and I also used her royal icing recipe
Labels: baby, baby shower, cookies, decorated cookies, elephant, royal icing, sugar cookies
Puppy Cake-Happy Birthday Mikaela
Our neighbors daughter turned 3 years old a few weeks ago and they asked if I could make a chocolate puppy cake (she loves dogs and carries a stuffed dog around with her all the time) for her pool party. No problem.
Elephant Baby Shower-Congrats Sally
My friend Sally just had her baby yesterday and since I have not been very diligent about posted on my blog lately I thought I should post the shower I co-ran with a few girls about 6 weeks ago. The theme we agreed on was elephants and baby blue and brown.
We had a brunch and since the mom to be is Vegetarian we served all vegetarian dishes.
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Can Lamar is a Holiday Villa in Deia, Mallorca with a Private Swimming Pool
Ref: 3653
4 Bedroom, 4 Bathroom Villa with Sea View and a Private Swimming Pool , Air Conditioning, Gym, near Golf, Sleeps a maximum of 8 people.
Can Lamar House in Hamlet village called Lluch Alcari 2km from Deia village. Large 4 bedroom house with sea views.
Large high sealing entry way and central stair case to upstairs entry to open living room dinning room and kitchen from which there is a front terrace with sea views of coast line and seating area. Fully equipped kitchen with large fridge with freezer and ice maker, ceramic cooker, oven, microwave and dishwasher etc. Downstairs laundry room with washing machine and dryer, gym room with bicycle and TV with DVD only. Dinning area for 10 people. Living room area with open fire place. Bang & Olufsen music system. WC on same level.
1 small room with sofa bed and on suite bathroom with shower. First floor parquet two twin rooms with shared bathroom with 2 sinks and shower. One of the rooms is facing the sea and the other facing entry way with small balcony terrace. Master bedroom with large double bed sitting area and large bathroom with bath and walk in shower WC and 2 sinks. Wall to wall wardrobe. Sea views. Down corridor small double room with en suite bathroom with shower and sea views.
Large terrace at the front of the house doors from dinning area and living area. Outside dinning table and sun bathing. Magnificent sea views and sun set.


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I've had total knee replacement and am on steroids for an indefinite period of time. I've had Arthritis for years and am having a difficult recovery. Also I have Barrett's (due to years of Arthritis meds) and can't take anti-inflammatories or pain meds. The surgery seemed to age my face even more. I can't have a mini-lift, due to the steroids. Is there another procedure that would help, Botox, anything, and still be safe while on steroids and effective? I really dislike the way I look. I'm in my sixties and mentally sharp.
Non-surgical Means to Improve Face and Neck While on Steroids?
Doctor Answers 7
Facial rejuvenation options
Thank you for the question. I would start by having a few consultations with board certified plastic surgeons and find out regardless of the steroids what procedure and procedures would give you the best result in terms of what you are searching for. After doing so you can evaluate what those surgical procedures entail in terms of surgery and recovery and then discuss this with your rheumatologist to see if the medications that you are on are prohibitive from undergoing the procedures.
All the best,
Dr. Remus Repta
Learn more: http://drrepta.com
Effect of Steroids on Facial Rejuvenation
The answer to your question truly depends on the specific steroids you're taking and what quantities. Your rheumatologist will give you advice regarding what is acceptable considering your medical treatment.
Steroids means more precautions
Being on steroids does not exclude you from surgery. You just have to take more precautions during and after it and the results may not last as long. You could have a non surgical facial procedure like with THermage, radiuofrequency waves. It works quite well in 80% of patients but never like a traditional facelift. It may not be as helpful in your case for your collagen is probably damaged.
You might also like...
Aesthetic Facial Treatments, injectables, botox and lasers when on Steroids
There are many minimally invasive procedures that facilitate you looking fresh, rested and youthful. Procedures such as IPL FotoFacial, Soft tissue fillers such as Restylane and juvederm, botox for relaxing lines and even mild fractional ablative lasers. Each of these procedures, while non-scalpel based do have some risks associated with them.
Systemic steroids may adversely your normal reaction to aesthtetic procedures and put you at more risk. My advice would be to seek out a board certified plastic surgeon or dermatologist in your area who is skilled and experienced in aesthetic medicine and get an opinion on the best, safest and most effective cosmetic medical management program and procedures for you.
NonSurgical Means for Facial rejuvenation when taking Corticosteroids
The corticosteroids used in your treatment stop the body's inflammatory response. While this is beneficial in halting auto-immune destruction of joints it will largely inhibit and slow down the healing required with any surgical therapy and depresses your immune system making infections much more likely. As a result any surgery on you would be associated with high risk of poor healing and should be reserved only for emergency conditions which can only be treated surgically.
Botox and Restylane/Juvederm would work on you IF used for the right indications. The incidence of infections may be higher.
Another option may be several treatments of SCITON SKINTYTE which is a lunch hour, noninvasive treatment which uses advanced infra-red technology to tighten skin. I would NOT recommend ablative or fractional laser resurfacing in your case since they DO depend on an intact inflammatory response and normal immunity for uneventful healing.
Finally, taking high doses of Vitamin A for short periods of time (4 weeks) have been shown to improve the deleterious wound healing effects of corticosteroids. You should do it only under the supervision of your doctor.
Non-surgical face and neck while on steroids.
Your issues and questions are of concern in that you are addressing them over the internet. YOU should consult with at least 3 plastic surgeons FACE TO FACE!. Call today.
From MIAMI Dr. B
It all depends on what your needs are
Most patients on chronic steroids will develop a rounder face which may actually appear more youthful.
This does not rule out using some botox to improve position of your brows and reduce wrinkles about your lids if that is appropriate.
I have also done surgery on patients who are taking steroids and the results have been good providing the surgery is not massive and their steroid levels are managed.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Choosing good packers and mover's services is very essential because it ultimately impacts the safety of your goods which are being moved from one place to other. However for a smart customer it is very important to filter out the bad service provider from the good one so that not only his goods are safely transported, but he pays an appropriate fee for the hassle free services that can add on to his overall good experience.At Packers and Movers Varanasi, we provide the household and corporate shifting from Varanasi to any city of India. To ensure this, we have recruited trained professionals who are the best in the industry apart from having other important logistics support.
Being one of the oldest company providing comprehensive packers and movers services in Varanasi, we have acquired great reputation overtime with our consistent high service delivery quality. We specialize in home relocation and shifting service and also deal with commercial clients for shifting the entire offices in a very smooth manner. Thus we strive our best to meet all sorts of your shifting and relocation need and requirement.
In order for us to enhance your shifting experience and in order to ensure the safe transportation of goods, we make use of high end packaging material chosen according to the kinds of goods you have. For example, your business suits will be packed in wooden wardrobe box. We take specific care while packing of any sort of fragile item so that their safety is not compromised. Same is applicable to factory relocation which essentially involves the transfer of high end and sophisticated machineries and equipments.
If you are looking for a reliable packers and movers service in Varanasi, you can reach out to us at Packers and Movers Varanasi with your requirements. For starters, our sales team shall need the details such as the new destination to which you are moving to, the approximate volume of the stuff you want us to pack and move and other details such as if you are willing to relocate your vehicle such as your beloved car. Based on these inputs our expert can provide you with the proper plan of shifting and how you should go about it and approximate amount which you need to pay us for our services. Since packing and moving the things is often very chaotic and we tend to miss out on couple of precautions our sales team will also provide you with multiple crucial guidelines which you must keep in mind in order to relocate smoothly.


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01639537, Liner
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This is a liner for Cadillac cars. This liner fits 1 General Motors car models which have been manufactured for US market. This part is genuine General Motors part with GM OEM part number 01639537.
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Now let's not get grossed out here, after all it is all part of having some fun, some good sex, and not making your partner get turned off. Yes, enemas sound a bit odd, but hey, like when did that matter?
It is some pretty basic stuff, told rather well about the pro's and con's of using an enema before engaging in some good old butt ramming. However, this isn't a '˜gay' only site, so keep your knickers on.
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|Local transit -- North Dakota -- Fargo.
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With 17 fully trained and experienced staff, this business requires no MD in order for Ownership. The business was founded in 2004, and provides professional medical assistance to patients who wish to continue living in familiar surroundings i.e. their homes. The experienced, medically-trained staff allow for patient care in the home at any given time needed. Providing assistance to Seniors,Pediatrics, Wounded Victims going home, and/or anyone needing at-home medical assistance after leaving a hospital.
This business has had consistent growth in sales over the past four years with annualized sales expected to top $890,000 this year. The current Owner is providing oversight of the staff on a weekly basis. The current owner is seeking to sell because of a planned move to California. Rather than run the business from there, the seller would like to find a local buyer. With The niche services provided to a growing aging population, the demand for these services will continue to increase.
A Buyer would have a Net Operating Income (Profit) of $148,129 after all expenses and loan payments are paid in year one.
Gross Sales
2016 (Annualized): $890,180
2015: $748,798
2014: $655,719
2013: $593,280
Owner Profit/Cash Flow
2016 (Annualized): $274,944
2015: $245,280
2014: $278,003
2013: $220,953
Profit Margin: 33%
The information for this listing was received from the Seller, and is not guaranteed. Neither the Broker nor BuyaBiz has verified the listing information, and the Broker does not ensure the accuracy of the listing details. The User is solely responsible for verifying all information. BuyaBiz does not ensure the accuracy of, endorse, or recommend any listing.


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by Designing Mom Tori:
Here are a couple of pictures of our new little girl (born on 8-9-10). We are pretty happy around here and adjusting quite nicely to being a family of four. I used the "Newborn Hat" tutorial by Designing Mom Jenn – what a fun (and easy) project!


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Trilogy questions
So I bought a half blocked Trilogy to convert to a pump, but after messing around with it, I think I may keep it mech for awhile. I added a CP reg today, and it seemed like every 4th shot was around 205 -220, while the first three were 270 ish. Also, I don't know if this is common with half-blocks, but after the bolt is released, it pushes air out of the back around the bolt ? Normal ? Lastly, I am attempting to rebuild the valve, what type of orings do they normally take, the ones on mine appear to be urethane orings about the size of tank orings, maybe smaller, where can I find replacements ?
Spyder valve o rings should work, considering the valve is the same.
Your bolt doesn't have o rings does it? As most half block bolts I've ever seen don't, I'll assume yours does not; as such, there is going to be some air getting around the bolt. It's going to be much more noticeable in a half block, with such a short path to vent to the outside of the gun.
Your shootdown may be due to the reg not being able to keep up. When fired slowly, do you still have that problem?
The Trilogy uses a Merlin Valve. If you want a new valve, AKA or Palmer offer them.
crap, almost forgot, Thanks Guys ;)
I'd check the reg and relube it, just in case. I can't think of anything else that might cause a drop like that other than the reg. Of course, I'm not very versed on such things. It would seem to me that all the other parts associated with moving the air are in sync, so a bad timing situation would cause low velocity consistently. What about the fifth or sixth consecutive shot? Do they drop even lower? If you stop shooting for a moment and begin shooting again, is the first couple shots again at full velocity?
As far as the cup seals, I have to say no-go on the Spyder as a replacement. The Trilly's cup seal appears wider in diameter. Although, there might be a chance that the cup seal I'm calling the Spyder may be a Spyder Hammer cup seal (so much of this stuff lying around together, I'll never get these individual guns back in one piece!)
Let me take another Spyer I have here apart, and check it just to be absolutely sure.
Do you know which valve is in the gun? This may effect your target pressure.
Trilogy Comp valve. It lokks brass and has bigger holes then a stock spyder. I have a Trilogy Comp cocker, I was told they operate between 200 - 350 psi. I got the normal CP reg (0 - 500 psi) thinking this would be fine for my needs. I have one of these on order - Trinity Inline ASA Regulator Pressure Tester with Gauge (0-500psi) - Black - so maybe this will help fine tune my reg.
Thanks for the offer as well, but I think I may have a line on some new unused cup seals thru the shop. Seems the old man has more connections then we thought.
Another question, the TechT Trilogy low pressure nut, will that allow me to mount a better pump kit to my Trilogy, like the Check It Deluxe pump kit ?
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The McGraw-Hill 36-Hour Course: Online Marketing (McGraw-Hill 36-Hour Courses)
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Gavrilo Princip Room
Start From€10.90 / Night
Air conditionedYes
Shared bathroomYes
Free tea or coffee during the dayYes
Free luggage storageYes
Free Wi-FiYes
Breakfast IncludedYes
TV, games, films, musicYes
Virtual room
The shared room with four beds, two bunk beds. This room has a city view, bathroom inside the room which is always a plus. The design was done based on the warship from the First World War.


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Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
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|Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari Province
استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
Counties of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Location of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in Iran
|Coordinates: 32°19′39″N 50°51′17″E / 32.3275°N 50.8546°ECoordinates: 32°19′39″N 50°51′17″E / 32.3275°N 50.8546°E
|Region 2 [1]
|• Governor
|Qasem Soleimani Dashtaki
|• Total
|16,332 km2 (6,306 sq mi)
|Population (2016)[2]
|• Total
|• Density
|58/km2 (150/sq mi)
|Time zone
|• Summer (DST)
|Main language(s)
|Bakhtiari Lurish
|Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Historical population
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری, Ostān-e Chahār-Mahāl-o Bakhtiyārī ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It lies in the southwestern part of the country. Its capital is Shahr-e Kord.
The province was put as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.[1]
It has an area of 16,332 square kilometers, and had a population of 895,263 in 2011.[3]
People and culture[edit]
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The history of the province is tied to that of the Bakhtiari tribe. The Bakhtiari tribe can be divided into two sub-tribes, Haft Lang and Chahar Lang with various territorial affiliations and they are the main speakers of Lurish language. As the name of the province dictates with the combining grammatical feature of "-o-" which is Persian for "and"; the other group of peoples in this ancient province are the Chahar Mahali's. These peoples and the Lur's live side by side and share almost similar customs. Very slight differences exist between them but most are almost unnoticeable. However, there is often quite a bit of intermixing of the peoples through marriage. The cities of Shahr-e Kord, Broujen, Ben, Naafch and Saman fall in the Chahar Mahali area of the province and are generally not inhabited by Lurs. The Bakhtiari territories at times have also come under Isfahan and Khuzestan province.
The people of this province have a history of having a simple living and being a capable people who are determined and effective warriors and fighters whenever circumstances made it necessary. They have gained such a reputation as being excellent, if not the best, horsemen in Iran. The people of this province, while having the more common Pahlevani wrestling/combat style of the deep rooted traditional Zurkhane, which exists everywhere in all provinces, also have their own style of wrestling/unarmed combat as well (as do other provinces). The style is called Jangi (Jang means War and hence Jangi "war'ish" or "war like").
The province has various unique traditions and rituals relative to the 'tribal' lifestyles. Special forms of music, dance, and clothing are noteworthy.
Administrative divisions[edit]
Counties (Shahrestans)[edit]
|District Center
|Mal-e Khalifeh
|Shahr-e Kord
|Shahr-e Kord
Cities and towns[edit]
- Shahr-e Kord
- Shahrekian
- Hafshejan
- Borujen
- Lordegan
- Farsan
- Ardal
- Dashtak
- Kaj
- Farrokhshahr
- Naafch
- Saman
- Juneghan
- Ben
- Gandoman
- Boldaji
- Faradonbeh
The province is mainly active in the agriculture sector. Most of the industrial sector is clustered around the center of the province.
The province has the potential to become a vibrant tourist attraction because of its natural resources.[1]
Colleges and universities[edit]
- Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, (website)
- Shahrekord University
- Islamic Azad University of Borujen
- Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
A new look to Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, The highest land in Iran (by: Dr Hamed Saghaei)
Abstract- In this page, some of the most important tourist attractions such as monuments, handicrafts, language, cities, clothing, local souvenirs and diverse intact landscapes of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari (ChB) province, located in Iran, will be introduced and studied. It is called "The Heaven of Nature Lovers and Tourists" because the shape of mountains, the rate of atmospheric precipitation, the height above sea level and the various climates in this province, all have brought about diverse intact landscapes. We introduce some important aspects of ChB for tourists including cultural heritage, picturesque and beautiful landscapes, amounts of precipitation, climate in different seasons, springs and rivers and different cities and regions.
Keywords: Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, Iran, Geography, Tourism, Cultural heritage, Cities
1- Introduction
Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari (ChB) province is located in an area of 16411 square kilometers between 31 degrees and 9 minutes to 32 degrees and 48 minutes of north latitude and 49 degrees and 28 minutes to 51 degrees and 25 minutes of east longitude from Greenwich meridian [1]. This province is located in Iran in central part of Zagros Mountain Chains and is bounded on north and east by Isfahan province, on northwest by Lorestan province, on west by Khouzestan province and on south by Kohkilouye province [2] that its map is shown in Fig. 1. ChB highland has one of the highest amounts of precipitation in Iran [3]. There are many snow-covered mountains in this province among which Zard-Kouh, Haft-Tanan, Kelar, Sabz-Kouh, Hezar-Darreh, Sefid-Kouh, Haft-Cheshmeh, Kelk, Mili, Saldran, Jahanbin and Rig are the highest [4]. Although this province constitutes only 1% of Iran's land area, 10% of the fresh waters flow in it: two major rivers, Karoun and Zayandeh-Roud spring from ChB heights [5, 6]. The shape of mountains, the rate of Atmospheric precipitation, the height above sea level and the various climates in this province, all have brought about diverse intact landscapes [7]. According to 2011 census, the population of this province is over 900,000 of which more than a half are settled in cities, and the others in villages and some are nomads [8]. Due to the existence of the biggest tribal society, Bakhtiari tribe, and thereby historical nomads' paths, there is an attractive realization of permanent and seasonal residences with specific manners, customs, cultures and local clothing given to this province by nomadic culture [9, 10]. Based on the latest national divisions, this province has 9 townships, 25 districts, 40 towns, 50 village units and 820 villages. The townships include Shahr-e Kord, Ardal, Boroujen, Ben, Saman, Farsan, Kouhrang, Kiar and Lordegan. ChB province is a mountainous region of which 76% is mountains and hills, the other 24% consists of alluvial plains and plateaus. The skirts of Zagros grant us so many treasures, picturesque and beautiful landscapes that many call ChB the heaven of nature lovers and tourists. Springs and rivers, sanctuaries like Qeisari, Sheida, Hellen, Sabz-Kouh, Tang-e-Sayyad and oak forests, the green gold of Zagros, with a diversity of more than 923 precious plant species [11], 294 animal species and unique perspectives are a little drop of this heaven. Gandoman and Souleghan ponds and specially Choghakhor International Pond in fertile plains of province are some of the interesting places which provide appropriate living conditions for migrant birds, some plant species and marine creatures. ChB is the realm of Islamic Revolution treasures and the land of heroes and heroines with a pure and untouched culture; people who have a nature-taught humor, firm as Zard-Kouh and humble like its face-down tulips. This land is the cradle of Omman and Dehghan Samani, Pejman and Darab Bakhtiari, Asef Ghahfarokhi, Sardar Asa'ad Bakhtiari, Alimardan-Khan Bakhtiari and holy defense martyrs; and figures who glow in the sky of knowledge and jurisprudence, culture and art, Mashrouteh Movement, piety and love of freedom [12].
Fig. 1: ChB map including county, district and district center
3- Chb Weather
ChB has various climate. The rains are mostly affected by Mediterranean flows. These flows come from the west and the southwest and have an effect of about 8 months on the region. The rain starts from October. In January it will go to the top and in May it will decrease, %19 of rain is fallen in January more than %90 percent of rain is between November to April. Less than %10 percent of rain is from June to October. The west height of the province with yearly 1600 mm rain is the rainiest regen. The heights of Sabzkooh has an average of 1400 mm, the southwest with 900 mm rain are the second and the third respectively. As a matter of rain, the lowest is the East and the north East area with yearly rainfall about 250 to 300 mm. The average of the rain in the whole province is about 560 mm [13]. Because of the mountainous region of the province, and knowing the fact of the height effects on the temperature, there will be different regions as matter of temperature. The maximum absolute temp has been recorded in Lordegan synoptic station with 47.5° and the Min absolute Temp in Dezzak climatological station with -34.5° . The most frequency freezing days, has been taken place in 1962 with 171 days in Chelgerd (Koohrang) the least absolute freezing days also has been taken place in Lordegan station with 58 day (the year 1998).
Now, ChB invites you to a party where you get freshened up from its fountains and saturated from the most salubrious water in Iran i.e. Dimeh Spring [14]. It invites you to the feast of waters in Lordegan waterfalls so that you get to know the diligence and patience of its people in Dezpart, Taraz, Tang Faleh, Khoda-Afarin and Sefid-Kouh nomads' paths. It opens a window to you through which you can see the architecture of Khan-Evi and Shalil caravanserais, the artistic work of carvers and painters in Chaleshtor and Dezzak castles, the hidden history of Sardar Asa'ad Fortress and Pir-e-Ghar and Dasht-e Laleh shown in Fig. 2, and hundreds of other places; through this window, you can appreciate a little bit of the national heritage of this ancient land in the conjunction of nature, history, culture and art.
Fig. 2: Dasht-e Laleh
4- Tourism
4-1 Geotourism
As one of the Southwestern provinces in Iran, ChB can be considered as an outstanding region mostly because of being stretched out in the heart of central Zagros.
Deep fault valleys such as Tang-e-Zendan and Ma'adan village, high walls with major morphological types, unique anticlines and synclines of the 3rd geologic period, permanent ice caps with ten meters of snow in Zard-Kouh, salt domes and ice caves are some of the thousand geological features of this area which are not only exquisite, but can also be used as a living and dynamic Geology lesson.
4-2 Sport tourism
Water-filled rivers, seasonal ponds and lakes, waters reserved behind dams all have provided potential facilities for sports like rafting, fishing, water skiing, and swimming shown in Fig. 3. Green plains and meadows, beautiful and not so crowded paths with temperate weather, woods and knolls throughout the province and the skirts of snow-covered mountains with slight slopes have brought about sports like mountain climbing, skiing, cycling, hiking, rock climbing, horse riding, martial arts and local sports, and so on.
Fig. 3. Sport tourism a) Rafting, b) Ski c) paraglider
4-3 Nomad tourism
Every year the whole family travels through green pastures, plains and mountains with flocks and herds from winter quarters to summer quarters and vice versa. The majority of Bakhtiari nomads are called "Haft-Lang" and "Chahar-Lang" who are settled mostly in north, northwest, west, south, southwest, southeast and central areas of the province. They spend winters in summer quarters of Khouzestan, the summers in winter quarters of cities like Farsan, Kouhrang, Ardal, Kiar, Lordegan and Boroujen. These people speak Bakhtiari that is one of the branches of Pahlavi language and, fortunately, has not changed so much. The culture and the lifestyle of these people is unique and has a historical origin. This culture has affected all aspects of their life including their clothes style to the extent that their clothing has traces of the local culture and is beautifully unique. On the whole, it can be said that the Nomads culture and lifestyle is one of the richest of its kind.
4-4 Rural tourism
Various geographical conditions along with ancient background have created unique and wonderful villages which are important both from a natural and from a historical point of view in spite of a few major differences. In these villages, farming, gardening and animal husbandry are really flourishing and apiculture is also carried out traditionally. Another tourist attraction of these villages is different hand-woven stuff whose raw material is obtained from animals and wild plants.
4-5 Cultural and historical tourism
Physical and spiritual heritage left from the ancestors of hardworking and resistant people in the land of ChB is represented in historical buildings among which are ancient monuments, holy places, resting places of great and famous people, museums, discovered items; social and religious rituals, literature, stories, dialects, proverbs, poetry, music, birthdays and funerals and special occasions ceremonies such as Nowrouz national feast; social lifestyles like nomad migration, rural living, urban living and other living styles.
Handicrafts and traditional artwork which are a part of the rich culture of this province and precious memorial of our ancestors- manifesting the artistic heritage of these people and link their long-lasting customs, art and creativity. All these abounding strengths excite the tourists who adore culture and civilization.
5- Spiritual heritage
Spiritual heritage is the abstract part of the cultural heritage which is exemplified in rituals, traditions, beliefs, rites, stories, anecdotes and oral literature of each area. Let's take a look at the language, religion, clothing, poetry and music of this land. This part of cultural heritage has been damaged the most in the recent century and many of its instances are fading and being forgotten. That is why knowing, studying and introducing this part of the cultural heritage is very important.
Language: Persian language in different dialects such as Bakhtiari dialect, rural dialect and dialects similar to Isfahani dialect are spoken in different parts of the province. Also a considerable population in the province speaks Turkish which is a variety of Gashghaei Turkish.
Religion: Almost all people of the province are Moslem and Shiite, and are very respectful of the Imams and Saints.
Clothing: Bakhtiari Men's clothing includes felt hat, Chougha, Shoular Dabit, shawl, Pa-Pich (something worn around the shin) and Espadrille (cotton shoes or Giveh). Bakhtiari women clothing consists of head scarf (which is called Meina or Lachak), headband, blouse, puckered trousers (Tonban Gheri), vest, Chador and footwear which have their roots in ancient Iranian clothing. On the other hand, Chaharmahali men wear hat, shirt, shawl, cloak and trousers. Chaharmahali women's clothing includes head scarf, blouse, skirt, vest and Chador.
Poetry and music: This province is the cradle of poets and gnostics such as Afsar Bakhtiari, Hossein Pejman Bakhtiari, Omman and Dehghan Samani, Mirza Habib Dastan Beni, Daftari, Talebpour, Asef Ghahfarokhi and others whose valuable works still exist. Regarding music, it can be said that Chaharmahali music is inspired by the flowing spirit of life. In Chaharmahal music reflects all the feelings a person can experience in different moods. That is why in various ceremonies music plays an important role.
Handicrafts: handicrafts are a part of cultural heritage and a memorial from artists who have created the most beautiful and lasting figures in spite of having few tools, they preserved this noble art and inspired the culture of this area in their works; so we can call them the guardians of their culture. There is no doubt that art in ChB has a special power which is derived from people's culture.
6- Cities
6-1 Shahr-e Kord
Shahr-e Kord, the center of ChB province which is 2,006 square kilometers big. Its population is 283,210, and it includes 3 districts, 8 towns, and 4 village units. Regarding its altitude of 2,166 meters, Shahr-e Kord is the highest city in Iran and is called Bam-e-Iran (the roof of Iran).
Some of the most important tourist attractions, historical and religious monuments, handicrafts and local souvenirs of Shahr-e Kord are:
a. Tourist attractions: Zaneh Spring in Hafshejan, Mayak Spring in Soureshjan, Vaght-o Saa'at Spring in Shams-Abad village, Sar-Cheshmeh Park in Farrokhshahr, Bidakan Dam, Mellet Park in Shahr-e Kord, Tang-e-Sayyad Sanctuary, and so on.
b. Historical and religious monuments: cultural-religious complex of Chaleshtor Castle, Azadeh Chaleshtori's House, Esfand-Khan Bakhtiari (The 1st Sardar Asa'ad) Castle in Chaleshtor, Amir Mojahed Castle in Shams-Abad village, Nasir-Ahan Bakhtiari (Sardar-e Jang) Castle in Sourk village, Farrokhshahr Anthropology Museum, Sahr-e Kian Anthropology Museum, Chaleshtor Castle's Stone and Anthropology Museum, Shahr-e Kord Archeology Museum (Parhizgar Historical Bath), Natural Environment Museum (next to Farrokhshahr Road Police), Holy Defense Museum in Shahr-e Kord, Amouzesh va Parvaresh Treasure in Shahr-e Kord, Farrokhshahr Historical Bath, Chaleshtor Historical Bath, Soureshjan Historical Bath, Shahr-e Kord Mirror Room, Azizollah Shrine[1] in Shahr-e Kian, Halimeh and Hakime Khatoun Shrines in Shahr-e Kord, Abdollah Shrine in Sourk village, Pir-Khadijeh Shrine in Vanan village, Soltan-e Sabze-Poush Shrine, Seyyed Mohammad Ali Akbar Shrine in Dastgerd village, Shah-Manzar Shrine in Hafshejan, Seyyed Ali Akbar Shrine in Nafch, Chaleshtor Jama Mosque (Congregational Mosque), Historical mosque in Harchegan village, Sahr-e Kian Congregational Mosque, Sahrekord Congregational Mosque (Khan Mosque), Arbab-Mirza Drinking Fountain in Shahr-e Kord, Salehi Mill (Assarkhane-ye Salehi) in Farrokhshahr, Gardane-Rokh Inscriptions, Hafshejan's Engraving, and so on.
c. Handicrafts: Common handicrafts in Shahr-e Kordinclude kilim (flat tapestry-woven carpets or rugs or as said in the local dialect "Gelim"), local clothes, carpet, felt, Espadrille (cotton shoes or Giveh) production, traditional carving, painting, illuminated manuscripts and tashe'ir, metal objects, traditional locksmithing, Sermeh embroidery, and so on.
d. Local souvenir: The most important souvenirs of Shahr-e Kord include felt clothing, kinds of Nabat (a kind of candy which is sold in tea and drunk) and Poolaki (a kind of candy usually eaten together with tea), honey, herbals, and so on.
Fig. 4. Chaleshtor castle
6-2 Ardal
Ardal Township whose center is Ardal city is located 77 km southwest of Shahr-e Kord and is 1,854 square kilometers big. Its population is 53,514 and it consists of 2 districts, 4 towns, and 4 village units. Its altitude is 1,850 meters.
Some of the most important tourist attractions, historical-religious monuments, handicrafts and local souvenirs of Ardal are:
a. Tourist attractions: the banks of The Karoun River from Dashtak to Karoun4 Bridge and Lake, Sardab Spring in Rostam-Abad village, Mola Spring in Alikouh village, Sarkhoun Spring, Deh-No Spring, Aziz-Abad village Spring, Shalil and Morvarid Springs, the beautiful Spring and unspoiled countryside of Badreh-ye Semi in Dinaran, Absardeh Spring, and Kori village Springs in Dinaran District, Zard-Limeh Waterfall, Behesht-Abad village's countryside, Helen Sanctuary in Miankouh, the forests and natural views of Haft-Piran-e Rougar, Gandomkar Forest Park, Shiasi Forest Park, Ghorab Plain's natural views in Dinaran, Ardal Cave, Morvarid Bridge, Dezpart historical nomads' path.
b. Historical and religious monuments: Behesht-Abad Historical Bridge, Shalil's Caravanserai, Halimeh-Khatoun Shrine in Sarpir village in Dashtak, Shah-Alborz Shrine in A'alikouh village, Tourist-Pilgrimage Complex of Shahzadeh Abdollah (Prince Abdollah) in Ardal, Ismaeil Shrine in Dourak Ghanbari village, Bakhtiaris' Tekyeh (house of worship) in Ardal, the remains of Abolghassem Khan-e Bakhtiari's Castle in Ardal, Davazdah-Imam village's bridge and shrine, Morvarid Bridge's inscriptions and engravings, and so on.
c. Handicrafts: Common handicrafts of Ardal include Kilim (or Gelim), Jajim (coarse wool blankets), Saddlebag, local clothes, Sermeh embroidery, and so on.
d. Local souvenir: The most important souvenirs of Ardal are different kinds of dairy foods, local carpets, and nomads' handicrafts.
Fig. 5. Zard Limeh Waterfall
6-3 Boroujen
Boroujen Township whose center is Boroujen city is located 60 km away from Shahr-e Kord. This township is 2,257 square kilometers big. Its population is 118,000 and it includes 3 districts, 6 towns, and 5 village units. This city is 2,220 meters high above the sea level.
Some of the most important tourist attractions, historical and religious monuments, handicrafts and local souvenirs of Boroujen are:
a. Tourist attractions: Siasard Spring and public walk, Zaghi Spring in Deh-No village, Gelougerd Spring, Ab-Sefid Spring, Ali Spring in Imam Gheys village, Mother & Daughter Spring in Gandoman, Haft-Cheshmeh Spring in Boldaji, Choghakhor International Pond, Gandoman Pond, Chaleh-Tar Pond, Gerdeh-Bishe countryside, Mt. Kallar and Mt. Sabz-Kouh heights, Tang-e Vastegan (Vastegan Valley), gardens around Choghakhor and Avargan, Bozyal Park in Boldaji, Qizil-Garish Park in Faradonbeh, Mellat Park in Boroujen, and so on.
b. Historical and religious monuments: Mosalla Bridge in Boroujen, the Hafizis' House (which has been turned into an Anthropology Museum) in Boroujen, Hamzeh-Ali Shrine in Boldaji, Sheys and Gheys Shrine in Imam Gheys village, the remains of Zargham-o Saltaneh Bakhtiari's Castle in Faradonbeh, the remains of Sefid-Dasht Castle, Soltan Ebrahim Shrine in Sarpir village, Asgar Ali Shrine, and Mother & Daughter Shrine in Gandoman, Mir Heydar Shah Shrine in Naghneh, Naghneh Jama (Congregational) Mosque, Madani Mosque and Sheikh-Ali mosque in Boroujen, Boldaji's Ghale'eh-No (or Abouzar) and Imam Mosques, the Bath in Boroujen's Maktab-Khaneh (old school), Gandoman Historical Bath, Boldaji Historical Bath, Sefid-Dasht Historical Bath, Ma'amoureh village's church, and so on.
c. Handicrafts: Common handicrafts of Boroujen include different kinds of carpet weaving stuff like Kilim (or Gelim) and local clothing, felt, Espadrille (cotton shoes or Giveh) production, and so on.
d. Local souvenir: The most important souvenirs of Boroujen are Boldaji Gaz, different kinds of dairy foods, kinds of Kilim (Gelim), Gabbeh (a hand-woven pile rug of coarse quality and medium size) and carpet.
6-4 Ben
Ben Township whose center is Ben is located 35 km away from Shahr-e Kord. This township is 798 square kilometers big. Its population is 27,367 and it includes 2 districts, 2 towns, and 4 village units. This city is 2000 meters high above sea level.
Some of the most important tourist attractions, historical and religious monuments, handicrafts and local souvenirs of Ben are:
a. Tourist attractions: Ben Pond and its public walk, Sheida Sanctuary, the banks of the lake of Zayandeh-Roud Dam, ski slopes of Bardeh and Sheikh-Shaban, and so on.
b. Historical and religious monuments: Mohammad Hassan-Khan Bakhtiari's castle in Bardeh, Seyyed Mohammad Shrine in Bardeh, Baba Pir-Ahmad Shrine, Seyyed Bahaoddin Shrine in Sheikh-Shaban, Hares-ibn-e-Ali shrine in Jamalou, Baba Mahmoud Shrine in Ben, historical bridges in Ben, historical bridge and bath in Ben, and so on.
c. Handicrafts: Common handicrafts of Ben include inlaid manufactures, flower-designing in inlays, and so on.
d. Local souvenir: The most important souvenirs of Ben are different kinds of dairy foods, honey, and so on.
6-5 Saman
Saman Township whose center is Saman is located 25 km away from Shahr-e Kord. This township is 458 square kilometers big. Its population is 35,895 and it includes 2 districts, 1 town, and 4 village units. This city is 2000 meters high above sea level.
Some of the most important tourist attractions, historical and religious monuments, handicrafts and local souvenirs of Saman are:
a. Tourist attractions: historical Zaman-Khan bridge together with the public walk around it, the gardens and villages of Zayandeh-Roud banks from Zayande-Roud Dam to Saman, rafting in wavy waters in Savadjan, almond, walnut and peach gardens, and so on.
b. Historical and religious monuments: Saman Jama (Congregational) Mosque, historical Yaseh-Chay village, historical bridge of Horeh, the remains of Horeh castle, the resting place of Saman Dehghani, and so on.
c. Handicrafts: Common handicrafts of Saman include carpet weaving stuff especially Kilim (Gelim), carpet, rug, and so on.
d. Local souvenir: The most important souvenirs of Saman are almond, walnut, and so on.
6-6 Farsan
Farsan Township whose center is Farsan is located 35 km away from Shahr-e Kord. This township is 558 square kilometers big. Its population is over 100,000 and it includes 3 districts, 6 towns, and 5 village units. This city is 2,100 meters high above sea level.
Some of the most important tourist attractions, historical and religious monuments, handicrafts and local souvenirs of Farsan are:
a. Tourist attractions: Pir-e-Ghar Spring and Waterfall in Deh-Cheshmeh village, Sarab Spring and Sarab Cave in Omid-Abad village, Ghale'eh Spring in Farsan, Seyyed Isa Spring and Cave in Bidkal, Kafshineh Spring, Ab-Morad Public Walk in Cholicheh, Farsan Beach Park, Asa'adiyyeh Public Walk in Cholicheh, public park in Choubin village, Pazan-Pir Public Walk in Goujan, Mt. Jahanbin and Mt. Kolak heights and so on.
b. Historical and religious monuments: Mashroutiyyat inscriptions and Parthian Tunnel in Pir-e-Ghar, Sardar Asa'ad Bakhtiari's Castle in Jouneghan (which has been turned into a Handicrafts Museum), Jama (Congregational) Mosque in Farsan, Bakan inscription in Jouneghan, Tagh-Sangiha or Khan-Evi (Khan caravanserai) in Tang-e Darkesh Varkesh, Seyyed Mir Ahmad and Heidar-ibn-e-Malek Shrines in Baba Heidar, Seyyed Saeed Shrine in Cholicheh, Seyyed Mohammad Shrine in Farsan, shrine of Gousheh village, and so on.
c. Handicrafts: Common handicrafts of Farsan include carpet weaving stuff like Kilim (Gelim), Jajim, Saddlebag, local clothes, and so on.
d. Local souvenir: The most important souvenirs of Farsan are different kinds of dairy foods, herbals, honey, local clothes, and so on.
6-7 Kouhrang
Kouhrang Township whose center is Chelgerd is located 88 km away from Shahr-e Kord. This township is 3,684 square kilometers big. Its population is 35,915 and it includes 3 districts, 2 towns, and 7 village units. Kouhrang is the origin of nomads' society and a major tourist attraction in the province. As the highest city in Iran, Kouhrang is 2,480 meters high above sea level.
Some of the most important tourist attractions, historical and religious monuments, handicrafts and local souvenirs of Kouhrang are:
a. Tourist attractions: Sheikh Ali Khan Waterfall, the 1st Kouhrang Tunnel Waterfall and Kouhrang Dam, Kouhrang Spring, Dimeh Spring, Dezdaran-e Samsami Spring, Parak Spring and Gholam-Abad Cellar, the banks of the Bazoft River, Mavarz Spring in Bazoft, the plain of face-down tulips, Kouhrng Ski Slopes, the summer ski slopes of Chalmishan heights in Zard-Kouh, the heights and permanent ice caps of Zard-Kouh-e Bakhtiari, the banks of the Zayandeh-Roud River (Tang-e-Gazi), Chama Ice Cave, beautiful areas of Touf-e-Sefid and Bazoft, the wonderful stair-like village of Sar-Agha- Seyyed[clarification needed], the nomadic life of Bakhtiari tribe, and so on.
b. Historical and religious monuments: the stair-like nomads' path of Khoda-Afarin bridge in Bazoft, Algi and Shirin-O reliefs, Shahzadeh Ebrhim Shrine in Gerdou-Olia village, Shah-Abdol-Azim Shrine in Biregan, the remains of Dehnash and Tabarak Castles in Bazoft, Seyyed Saeed Shrine in Chelgerd, Seyyed Isa Shrine in Sar-Agha-Seyyed village, Bardegouries[3] in Bazoft, Shir-e-Sangi, and so on.
c. Handicrafts: Common handicrafts of Farsan include hand-woven stuff like Kilim (Gelim), Jajim, Saddlebag, local clothes, Sermeh embroidery, and so on.
d. Local souvenir: The most important souvenirs of Kouhrang are different kinds of natural plants and vegetables, different kinds of dairy foods, honey, herbals, and so on.
6-8 Kiar
Kiar Township whose center is Shalamzar is located 30 km away from Shahr-e Kord. This township is 1,399 square kilometers big. Its population is 51,957 and it includes 2 districts, 4 towns, and 5 village units. Kiar is 2000 meters high above sea level and is called the land of historical castles.
Some of the most important tourist attractions, historical and religious monuments, handicrafts and local souvenirs of Kiar are:
a. Tourist attractions: Shalamzar Spring (Shalamzar Lake), Sar-Asiyab Waterfall in Naghan, springs in Gahrou, Darre-Eshgh Waterfalls, the banks of the Karoun River, Tang-e-Zendan Waterfall, Sabz-Kouh Sanctuary and river, Ghale'eh-Tak Public Walk, the gardens of Gahrou and Naghan, rafting in wavy waters of the Karoun River, Souleghan Pond, and so on.
b. Historical and religious monuments: Amir Mofakham Bakhtiari's Castle in Dezzak village (which has been turned into clothes museum), the remains of Najaf Gholi Khan's (Samsam-o Saltaneh) Castle in Shalamzar, the remains of Dastena Castle in Dastena village, the remains of the old bridge in Dopolan village, the historical bridge in Kharaji village, Maryak Shrine, Ismaeil Shrine in Berenjegan village, and so on.
c. Handicrafts: Common handicrafts of Kiar include hand-woven stuff like Kilim (Gelim), Jajim, and so on.
d. Local souvenir: The most important souvenirs of Kiar are different kinds of dairy foods, Nabat, Poolaki, and so on.
6-9 Lordegan
Lordegan Township whose center is Lordegan city is located 160 km away from Shahr-e Kord. This township is 3,397 square kilometers big and is 1,700 meters high above sea level. Its population is 194,873 and includes 5 districts, 4 towns, and 11 village units. In the distant past, this city was the center of Fardan State which means the Land of Lori-speaking people. Nasser Khosro Ghobadiani mentioned Lordegan as "Lordejan" in his itinerary.
Some of the most important tourist attractions, historical and religious monuments, handicrafts and local souvenirs of Lordegan are:
a. Tourist attractions: Atashgah Waterfalls, Sendegan Spring, Barm Spring, Khani Spring, Oak forests of the area, Armand countryside, Barz and Shwarz beautiful sceneries, Char-Taghi Forest Park in Monch, Parvaz Forest Park, the banks of Karoun 4 Dam and the Khersan River, and so on.
b. Historical and religious monuments: the remains of Dasht-e Pagard Fortress, Sardasht Tower, the remains of Ghale'eh Madraseh Fortress, the remains of Char-Taghi Monument in Monch, the historical mosque in Sounak village, Shah Abdorrahman Shrine in Bideleh village, Mil-Shah Shrine in Barz village, the shrine in Shahsavar village, Abbas Ali Shrine in Barjouei village, Hassan Shrine, and so on.
c. Handicrafts: common handicrafts of Lordegan include hand-woven stuff like Kilim (Gelim), Jajim, saddlebag, local clothing, and so on.
d. Local souvenir: the most important souvenirs of Lordegan are different kinds of dairy foods, herbals, local rice, and so on.
7- Conclusion
In this page,[who?] was introduced, and various tourism in Chb including Geo, sport, rural, and Cultural and historical were discussed. We also introduced some important aspects of ChB for tourists including cultural heritage, picturesque and beautiful landscapes, amounts of precipitation, climate in different seasons, springs and rivers and different cities and regions. Now, ChB invites you to a party where you get freshened up from its fountains and saturated from the most salubrious water in Iran i.e. Dimeh Spring. It invites you to the feast of waters in Lordegan waterfalls so that you get to know the diligence and patience of its people in Dezpart, Taraz, Tang Faleh, Khoda-Afarin and Sefid-Kouh nomads' paths. It opens a window to you through which you can see the architecture of Khan-Evi and Shalil caravanserais, the artistic work of carvers and painters in Chaleshtor and Dezzak castles, the hidden history of Sardar Asa'ad Fortress and Pir-e-Ghar and Dasht-e Laleh, and hundreds of other places; through this window, you can appreciate a little bit of the national heritage of this ancient land in the conjunction of nature, history, culture and art.
[1] K. K. Haftlang, and K. K. H. Lang, The book of Iran: A survey of the geography of Iran: Alhoda UK, 2003.
[2] D. Hatzfeld, M. Tatar, K. Priestley, and M. Ghafory-Ashtiany, "Seismological constraints on the crustal structure beneath the Zagros Mountain belt (Iran)," Geophysical Journal International, vol. 155, no. 2, pp. 403–410, 2003.
[3] N. L. Falcon, "Southern Iran: Zagros Mountains," Geological Society, London, Special Publications, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 199–211, 1974.
[4] M. Berberian, and I. Navai, "NAGHAN (CHAHAR MAHAL BAKHTIARI-HIGH ZAGROS, IRAN) EARTHQUAKE OF 6 APRIL 1977: A PRELIMINARY FIELD REPORT AND A SEISMOTECTONIC," Contribution to the Seismotectonics of Iran (part II-III): In Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the Pahlavi Dynasty, no. 40, pp. 51, 1977.
[5] J. Ghayoumian, M. M. Saravi, S. Feiznia, B. Nouri, and A. Malekian, "Application of GIS techniques to determine areas most suitable for artificial groundwater recharge in a coastal aquifer in southern Iran," Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 364–374, 2007.
[6] K. Naddafi, H. Honari, and M. Ahmadi, "Water quality trend analysis for the Karoon River in Iran," Environmental monitoring and assessment, vol. 134, no. 1-3, pp. 305–312, 2007.
[7] B. Aminzadeh, and S. Ghorashi, "Scenic landscape quality and recreational activities in natural forest parks, Iran," International Journal of Environmental Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 5–13, 2007.
[8] R. Graham, Iran: Routledge, 2011.
[9] U. COMPUTING, "Nomadic culture: cultural support for working anytime, anywhere," 2005.
[10] L.-d. Chen, and C. L. Corritore, "A theoretical model of nomadic culture: assumptions, values, artifacts, and the impact on employee job satisfaction," Communications of the Association for Information Systems, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 13, 2008.
[11] A. Pirbaloutl, "Medicinal plants used in Chaharmahal and Bakhtyari districts of Iran," Herba Polonica, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 69–77, 2009.
[12] M. Afshoon, "The Bakhtiyari tribe: A historical perspective," Global Journal on Advances Pure and Applied Sciences, vol. 4, 2014.
[13] J. Abolverdi, and D. Khalili, "Development of regional rainfall annual maxima for Southwestern Iran by L-moments," Water resources management, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 2501–2526, 2010.
[14] D. Shahbazi-Gahrouei, and M. Saeb, "Dose assessment and radioactivity of the mineral water resources of Dimeh springs in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran," Nukleonika, vol. 53, pp. 31–34, 2008.
[1] All through this article the word "shrine" is used instead of "imam-zadeh" which means the imam's offspring and is, in fact, the resting place of imam's offspring.
[2] The spectacular architecture of Sar-Agha-Seyyed is popularly known as "The yard of the building above is the roof of the building below."
[3] Bard-e Gouri or Ostowdan (Astowdan) were graves carved in the mountains to bury the dead because Zoroastrians believed the corpses were filthy and should not be buried in soil.
- ^ a b همشهری آنلاین-استانهای کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند
- ^ "National census 2016". amar.org.ir. Retrieved 2017-03-14.[]
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-31. Retrieved 2013-09-28. National Census 2011
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province.
- Official website of Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari Governorship
- Provincial Bureau for Budget, Planning, and Management (سازمان مدیریت و برنامه ریزی)
- Shahrekord Municipality (شهرداری شهرکرد)
- Provincial Bureau for Telecommunications (شرکت مخابرات)
- Provincial Bureau of Industries and Mines
- (in Persian) Provincial Department of Transportation (سازمان حمل و نقل و پایانهها)
- (in Persian) Provincial Bureau of Economics and Finance Affairs (سازمان امور اقتصادی و دارائی)
- (in Persian) Provincial Department of Education (سازمان آموزش و پرورش)
- Provincial Bureau of Taavon (اداره کل تعاون)
- Provincial Department of Utilities (سازمان آب وفاضلاب روستایی)
- Shahrekord Central Post Office (اداره کل پست)
- Provincial Department of Medical Insurance (بیمه خدمات درمانی)
- (in Persian) Provincial Bureau of Agricultural Jihad (سازمان جهاد کشاورزی)
- (in Persian) Provincial Welfare Organization (سازمان بهزیستی)
- (in Persian) Provincial Department of Social Security (اداره کل تامین اجتماعی)
- (in Persian) Provincial Meteorological Service (اداره کل هواشناسی)
- Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiyari Attractions
|Isfahan Province
|Khuzestan Province
|Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province


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Small spaces.
Some people love them and there is even a major tiny home movement that is becoming all the rage! In fact, we love watching episodes of Tiny Luxury and other Tiny Home shows.
However, there are also many home shows that feature couples viewing 2,000 square foot homes and referring to them as "small".
It really depends on the person, I suppose, and probably a lot on what they are accustomed to.
So, what do I LOVE about living in a small space? Yes, I said "love". Not tolerate. Not appreciate. LOVE.
Of course there are challenges and things that I really don't enjoy, but I am going to focus on the benefits!
- Easy access: It is usually fairly quick and simple to find anything I need. I don't have to go far or reach far for much!
- Child safety: There are no stairs, and minimal rooms my children can be in. They are never far from me and thus we have avoided many of those issues where a child has sneakily destroyed some part of the home! Ha!
- Cleaning: I already feel that housework is difficult to keep up with, so I can only imagine how this would be magnified in a larger home. My cleaning responsibilities are much smaller, which frees me up to do other tasks.
- Freedom: Similar to the child safety benefits, I can give my children freedom when they play. I can hear them from any room in the house. Now that my older two are almost 5 and 3, I can send them in the yard and hear them from the kitchen/see them from the family room. Thus, they can play freely, while I tidy up inside or sit on the couch to to my Bible study.
- Organization: You would maybe think this would be a difficulty rather than something I love, but being in a small space has forced us to analyze everything we have and how we store everything we have. The extreme organization has freed up a lot of time and removed a lot of stress from our lives.
- More outdoor time: Because the space is small, we take full advantage of our yard, which is a wonderful size. We eat outside when the weather is nice. We have outdoor pets instead of indoor ones. We keep a small garden. We have many outdoor activities for the kids: bikes, mud kitchen, sand box, rock wall (to be installed), playhouse, etc.
- Tight Knit family: We are always together. We can not escape one another, ha ha! This is one of the reasons why, if we are able to move someday, I do not want an overly large home. I love that we can be in the same space and be close to each other, even when we are doing different activities!


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The economy still feels like it is in a deep recession for millions of Millennials.
from MyBudget360.com:
The Great Recession officially ended in the summer of 2009. That was a long time ago. Yet somehow along the windy road, Millennials are not feeling the love from this so-called economic recovery. Millennials continue to graduate with mountains of student loan debt coming out with an average of $30,000 per graduate. Millennials are struggling to find good paying jobs in a sea of low wage employment that in many cases is a mismatch for their degrees. You also have a large number of Millennials living at home with their parents unable to move out into a rental or to purchase a new home. Part of this stems from lower incomes but also the inflated cost of housing brought on by an artificially low rate environment and big investors crowding out regular first time buyers. In many ways, the recession is still very much here for Millennials and this is the next big cohort to move through the economic system.
Living at home with parents
The number of Millennials in the United States is large, only second to the baby boomer cohort. This cohort is already a few years into the prime home buying years but many are unable to launch into the marketplace.
The ability to move out into an apartment and then purchase a home is a big deal. This usually spurs on construction and home buying but that simply hasn't materialized. First, a look at cohorts in the United States:
"(Kansas City) Nearly half of all millennials still live at home with their parents. But Norris and her teacher husband, Bryan, own their home north of the river."
It is stunning to think that half of Millennials are living at home. But even if we look at the 25 to 34 age range we find that a large number of young Americans are living at home:
What is going on? First of all, incomes are simply not keeping up and many are saddled with large levels of debt:
Please follow SGT Report on Twitter & help share the message.


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Non - Traditional Intelligence tests
Group Administered Tests n Army Alpha – 1917 - verbal n Army Beta – 1917 - nonverbal n Army test image Army test image Army test image
Non Verbal Tests of Intelligence
Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (CTONI-2) n "elimination of cultural, gender and linguistic bias" n Used with individuals with difficulty in language or fine motor skills n Ages 6 through 90 years n 2009 n Untimed (approximately 1 hour) n Cost = $426
Scores available: n Analogical reasoning n Categorical classification n Sequential reasoning BASED ON: -- Pictorial objects -- Geometric designs Reliability on all at least.80
Analogical Reasoning - pictorial
Analogical Reasoning - geometric
Categorical classification - pictorial
Categorical classification - geometric
Sequential reasoning - pictorial
Sequential reasoning - geometric
Other non traditional intelligence assessment examples.
Knowledge acquisition Two ill-dressed people, one a haggard woman of middle years and the other a young man, sat around the fire where the common meal was almost ready. The mother, Tanith, peered at her son through the oam of the bubbling stew. It had been a long time since his last ceilidh, and Tobar had changed greatly. Where once he had seemed all legs and clumsy joints, he now was well formed and in control of his supple, young body. As they ate, Tobar told of his past year, recreating for Tanith how he had wandered long and far in his quest to gain the skills he would need to be permitted to rejoin the tribe. Then, all too soon, their brief ceilidh ended, tobar walked over to touch his mother's arm and quickly left.
Testing Using Novel Problems Calm Storm
Testing Using Novel Problems The Weather she's
Testing Using Novel Problems ST THE ORY
Miller Analogy Test (MAT) n Developed 1914 by WS Miller n Computerized 2007 n 120 questions in 60 minutes n May be used to replace GRE score
What is an analogy: An analogy is a way of showing that two situations share a relational structure by identifying a sameness in the relationship despite surface differences.
Traditional Analogies Einstein is to Relativity as Darwin is to: Gravity/Planetary orbits/Evolution/Magnetism
Novel Analogies Toasters write cookbooks Spatula is to Utensil as toaster is to: writer/appliance/bread/book
Novel Analogies Villains are lovable Hero is to admiration as villain is to: contempt/affection/cruel/kind
Counter Cultural Intelligence Tests 1970s n Cultural/Regional Upper crust Savvy Test n Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity n Adrien Dove The Chitling Intelligence Test The Chitling Intelligence Test
The Chitling Intelligence Test 1) A "gas head" is a person who has a: a. fast moving car b. stable of "lace" c. "process" d. habit of stealing cars e. long jail record for arson
The Chitling Intelligence Test 2) If a pimp is uptight with a woman who gets state aid, what does he mean when he talks about "mother's day"? a. second Sunday in May b. third Sunday in June c. first of every month d. first and fifteenth of every month
The Chitling Intelligence Test 3) A "handkerchief head" is: a. a cool cat b. a porter c. an Uncle Tom d. a hoddi e. a preacher
The Chitling Intelligence Test 4) If a man is called a "blood" then he is a: a. fighter b. Mexican-American c. Negro d. hungry hemophile e. red man, or Indian
The Chitling Intelligence Test 5) Cheap chitlings will taste rubbery unless they are cooked long enough. How soon can you quit cooking them to eat and enjoy them? a. forty-five minutes b. one hour c. two hours d. twenty-four hours e. one week (on a low flame)
Tests of Creativity Measures Divergent Thinking (intelligence tests measure Convergent thinking)
Creativity "not the ability to solve problems, but the ability to discover the right problem that needs to be solved = problem finding" "process involved in solving ill-defined problems"
Intelligence = creativity??? No relationship Hi intelligence + low creativity = addicted to school, well liked by teachers Hi creativity + low intelligence = less popular
Domains of Giftedness n General intellectual ability n Specific academic aptitude n Creative or productive thinking n Leadership ability n Visual and performing arts n Psychomotor ability
Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) 1) Flexibility (number of different categories) 2) Fluency (examples within a category) 3) Originality 4) Elaboration
Example 1 What is a brick? Versus How could you use a brick?
Example 2 If a boy goes to the store and buys 30 cents worth of candy and he gives the store keeper one dollar how much change will he get? Versus.. How many different ways can you think of to get the answer "4"?
Example 3 Find the absurdity in the picture. Versus.. How could you make this toy better?
Example 4 Glove is to hand as shoe is to_______? Versus.. Write all the meanings you can think of for the word "bolt".
Divergent Production Test (Guilford) 1. Here is a simple, familiar form: a circle. How many pictures of real objects can you make using a circle, in a one minute period?
2. Many words begin with an L and end with an N. List as many words as possible in a one minute period, that have the form L___N (they can have any number of letters between the L and the N).
3. Suppose that people reached their final height at the age of 2, and so normal adult height was less than a meter. In a one minute period, list as many consequences as possible that would result from this change.
4. Here is a list of names. They can be classified in many ways. For example, one classification would be in terms of the number of syllables. Classify them in as many ways as possible in a one minute period. Beth Harold Gail John Lucy Sally
5. Here are four shapes. Combine them to make each of the following objects: a face, a lamp, a piece of playground equipment, a tree. Each shape may be used once, many times, or not at all in forming each object, and it may be expanded or shrunk to any size.
Remote Associates Test (RAT) Mednick and Mednick 1967 Creativity = "ability to see relationships between ideas that are remote from each other"
Remote Associates RoughResistanceBeer CharmingStudentValiant FootCatcherHot HeartedFeetBitter DarkShotSun CanadianGolfSandwich TugGravyShow AttorneySelfSpending MagicPitchPower
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My knife skills have never provided me with any kind of bragging right.
I watch with envy cooking shows where the star chef slices and dices an onion at an unhesitating pace and with laser precision. In the time it takes them to do that, I may have peeled and cut that allium in half.
I chalk it up to being left-handed. Us southpaws tend to be more accident prone, processing our world and how to do things within it in a backward way thanks to our dexterity. I'd love to nail that all-important knife-rocking motion that a cooking instructor tried to teach me, and do it quickly, but I'm certain it would come at the expense of a few fingers. So while I use my snazzy Victorinox chef's knife with pride, I realize it's a blade unfulfilled. It also might be mocking me, ever so slightly.