text:
Drinking Snake Wine & Eating A Cobra *Vomit Alert* | Fan Package | WheresMyChallenge MP3
Subscribe To Be Notified When We've Done Something Stupid: http://bit.ly/SBEYs2 (Hit that 'Like' button... it's FREE) We got given Snake Wine so we give it a ...
Eminem - When I'm Gone MP3
Music video by Eminem performing When I'm Gone. (C) 2005 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscope Records.
When I'm Gone
EminemYeah It's my life My own words I guess Have you ever loved someone so much, you'd give an arm for? Not the expression, no, literally give an arm for When they know they're your heart And you know you were their armor And you will destroy anyone who would try to harm 'em But what happens when karma turns right around and bites you And everything you stand for turns on you to spite you? What happens when you become the main source of a pain? "Daddy, look what I made.", dad's gotta go catch a plane "Daddy, where's mommy? I can't find mommy, where is she?" I don't know go play Hailie, baby, your daddy's busy Daddy's writing this song, this song ain't gonna wri[...]
Survivor Italy Day 1 Extra Scene: Daddy Acts Drunk Before Drinking The Wine MP3
Ray Sawyer (Dr Hook) - "Drinking Wine Alone" MP3
From Ray Sawyer´s Country Album (1976)
Drinking Wine - Tico El Menor y Baby Next ft Christophe(Kcs Production, Big Z the Producer) MP3
Link Descarga: http://puertomusicflow.jimdo.com/descargar-musica/tico-el-menor-y-baby-next-feat-christophe/?logout=1 Toy, Daddy, Yomo, Jazz, Reggae, Pop, ...
Drinkin' Wine Spo-Dee-O-Dee - The Howling Diablos Feat. Kid Rock MP3
Stick McGee cover by a Detroit Heavy Blues Band !!! This band started life as a pickup band backing blues legends or opening show for Hubert Sumlin and Bo ...
Drinkin' Wine Spodee O Dee - Malcolm Yelvington MP3
Malcolm Yelvington (September 14, 1918 -- February 21, 2001) was an American rockabilly and country musician. Born in Covington, Tennessee, he released a ...
Drinkin' wine spo dee o dee Wayne Hancock MP3
Wayne Hancock playing at the Sportmens Tavern Buffalo NY March 9th 2009.
Crazy Cavan=Drinkin wine spo dee o dee 8.2-2014 Virgin Oil HELSINKI MP3
Tekijä Ari Pyykönen Rockin Daddy 64.
COMMANDER CODY - DADDY'S DRINKING UP OUR CHRISTMAS Sung in a country twang that suggests this might be another great Cody white-trash parody, ...
Wynonie Harris, ''Drinkin' Wine Spo Dee O Dee'' (1949) MP3
Reached #4 on the Billboard R&B chart.
Pere Ubu-Drinking wine Spodyody MP3
Drinkin' Wine Spo Dee O Dee - Sonny Burgess & The Pacers MP3
Please visit: http://www.legendarypacers.com/ ...Albert Austin "Sonny" Burgess (born May 28, 1931, on a farm near Newport, Arkansas to Albert and Esta ...
B. Royal, Avalanche, Deli Banger, Big Daddy Jeff, TBL - Drinkin Patnahz MP3
CARNIVAL SINGLE!!! "Drinkin Patnahz" Produced By: Dane Cash Production Team: G.E.A.R.S. - http://www.gearsproduction.com/ - https://twitter.com/gears_inc ...
Kid Rock - Drinking Beer With Dad MP3
New album "First Kiss" out now! Download on iTunes: http://smarturl.it/krfirstkiss The $20 ticket is back for the 2015 Summer Tour! http://smarturl.it/FirstKissSplash ...
Teencats - Drinkin` Wine Spo-Dee-O-Dee MP3
Finally on YouTube! Rockabilly legends Teencats from Norway, live from Triangelen Cafè, Elverum, March 18th 1994. This was the closing number of the night.
Get High Everybody (Drinkin' Wine) Lil' Son Jackson MP3
Melvin "Lil' Son" Jackson (1915 - 1976) was an American blues guitarist from Tyler, Texas. He was a contemporary of Lightnin' Hopkins. Jackson's mother ...
Mark Wahlberg and Diddy Play a Drinking Game MP3
They've got a new line of water, and Diddy has his own line of vodka! In this drinking game, you never know what's going to be in your cup.
The Little Red Rooster Blues Band- Day Drinkin' Daddy 9/12/ MP3
Recorded live at The Phoenixville Blues Festival on September 12, 2015. Original tune "Day Drinkin' Daddy". Soon to be released on a new record titled "Hijinx ...
CASTLE Wine, Toasts, and "Drinking" Moments MP3
Credits to ABC, Beacon TV, CTV, Becklebee, and Andrew Marlowe.
Commander Cody. Daddy´s Drinking Up All Our Christmas MP3
Don McLean- American Pie (with Lyrics) MP3
Click more info for description* Please comment, rate, and subscribe. Thank you! Lyrics are also below- A long, long time ago... I can still remember How that ...
GENE SIMMONS - DRINKIN' WINE ! Sun# 299 Memphis Rockabilly! MP3
Classic Gene Simmons tune! SUPERB!!
Smiley Bates. Daddy's Drinking Up Our Christmas.mp4 MP3
Smiley Bates, Path of Memories. Daddy's Drinking up Our Christmas.
Natty Daddy 25 ouncer! - Behind the Bar Liquor & Food Review MP3
Natty Daddy 25oz. Should you buy this cheap malt liquor? Behind the Bar Liquor Reviews is a liquor, beer & wine review show made by 4 old friends. The hosts ...
Headed South - Joshua Kaskay MP3
Thanks for listening. Subscribe, like, and share with others if you can. Lyrics: Momma's in the kitchen Daddy's drinking wine Don't know if I can make it Without ...
Hamster Drinking Session MP3
Baby hamster just old enough to drink "Sake" ( Japanese rice wine )... Daddy hamster are so drunk, he juz dozes off Mummy hamster, as usual, keeping up her ...
Pere Ubu - Dub Housing (1978) Full Album MP3
Pere Ubu's sophomore album Dub Housing from 1978. Tracklist: 01. Navvy 0:00 02. On The Surface 2:38 03. Dub Housing 5:14 04. Caligari's Mirror 8:55 05.
Sugar Daddies - MGTOW MP3
I'd like you to do a video on a recent Lisa Ling CNN episode regarding sugar-daddy dating culture. In Lisa Ling's sugar daddy essay she details and her own ...


text:
Jobs in Chenson
Email me jobs like this
Posted 12 July by Interaction Recruitment
Structural Design Engineer - London
Posted Yesterday by Appoint Group New
Controls and Instruments Technician - Cambridgeshire
Posted 12 July by Cooper Lomaz Recruitment
Senior Nurse RGN / RMN - Care Home
First Assistant / Advanced Scrub Practitioner
Posted Today by Appoint Group New
Marketing Executive
Posted 12 July by Exsurgo ltd
Registered Nurse - RGN or RMN or RNLD
Team Leader / Domiciliary Care / Manchester
Posted Today by Comfort Call New
Electrician Testing
Posted 4 days ago by Build Recruitment Limited
Registered Staff Nurse
Posted Yesterday by Appoint Group New
Posted Today by Extrastaff Limited New
French Speaking Telesales Executive
Posted Today by Uniting Ambition New
Email me jobs like this
Maintenance Carpenter
Posted 12 July by Build Recruitment Limited
Credit Controller
Posted 13 July by Colliers International Featured
CNC Programmer / Operator
Posted 12 July by Pin Point Recruitment
Senior Site Manager - Decent Homes Refurbishment - Fixed Term Co
Posted Yesterday by Build Recruitment Limited New
LGV HGV Class 1 CE Driver Tramping
Posted 13 July by Heads Recruitment
Employed Personal Trainer
Posted Today by Xercise4Less New
Assistant Buyer
Posted 13 July by Exsurgo ltd
Junior National Account Manager
Posted 13 July by Exsurgo ltd
Travel Trade Sales Executive - South East England
Posted 5 days ago by New Frontiers Recruitment
Merchandiser/Planner - Famous Luxury brand
Posted Yesterday by Freedom Recruitment New
Property Manager
Posted 12 July by Thorn Baker
Staff Nurse RGN / RMN - Care Home
Sign in to create your email job alert.
Replace a saved search
Replace a saved search
Shortlisted job limit
You have reached your limit of 100 shortlisted jobs. To save more, please delete some of your existing shortlisted jobs. View shortlisted jobs

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cocoanut Grove Survivors Tell Their Stories MP3
On the 70th anniversary of the (http://www.nfpa.org/cocoanutgrove) Cocoanut Grove fire, three survivors tell their stories. Ann Gallagher was a 16-year-old girl ...
Hollywood's Famous Cocoanut Grove nightclub presents a "Star Night" musical revue with many of Hollywood's elite including Ted Fio-Rito and his Orchestra, ...
Legacy of the Cocoanut Grove Nightclub Fire MP3
On November 28, 1942, a popular nightclub turned into a horrifying inferno via a fast-moving fire that left nearly 500 people dead. The personal stories that ...
Cocoanut Grove the Movie MP3
Cocoanut Grove the Movie, Cocoanut Grove Fire.
Ambassador Hotel and Coconut Grove in Los Angeles MP3
The Ambassador Hotel and its once-famous Coconut Grove nightclub in Los Angeles was the scene of protracted litigation to save the structure after the hotel ...
Sammy Davis Jr - "At The Cocoanut Grove" Reprise L.P. R-6063/2 Pt1 (1963) MP3
Once in a lifetime In the still of the night What kind of fool am I? Falling in love again Medley West Side Story River, stay 'way from my door From my collection.
Cocoanut Grove Fire MP3
Affinity - Cocoanut grove MP3
CD Affinity (1970)
Bing Crosby Live at the Cocoanut Grove 1931.wmv MP3
One of the very few LIVE recordings that featured Bing Crosby as he performed at the famed Cocoanut Grove at the Ambassador Hotel Los Angeles. The footage ...
Cocoanut Grove MP3
A great scene from the film Aviator. No infringement intended.
Roger Nichols & the Small Circle of Friends - 10 - Cocoanut Grove (by EarpJohn) MP3
Go to my channel for full albums: http://www.youtube.com/user/EarpJohn.
Bobby Darin at the Cocoanut Grove, 1966 MP3
Welcome to join the Bobby Darin Fan Club on Facebook! https://www.facebook.com/groups/958648594163131/
Jerry Byrd Cocoanut Grove MP3
Jerry Byrd Cocoanut Grove.
Affinity - 06 - Cocoanut Grove (1970) MP3
Members Vivienne McAuliffe Dave Watts Grant Serpell Mo Foster Mike Jopp Past members Lynton Naiff Linda Hoyle.
HANK THOMPSON & His Brazos Valley Boys - Cocoanut Grove MP3
Hank and his highly versatile Brazos Valley Boys take us to the Islands ... musically anyway. Here's one most folks probably haven't heard before. I wear the ...
1930's nightclub views MP3
This is The Coconut Grove Nightclub (In the Los Angeles Ambassador Hotel) from 1934. We catch glimpses of El Brendel, Gary Cooper, Richard Cromwell, Toby ...
Easton doctor recalls surviving Cocoanut Grove fire MP3
The Enterprise of Brockton, Mass. www.enterprisenews.com By Maria Papadopoulos, Enterprise staff writer EASTON — As club patrons screamed for help and a ...
Nancy Sinatra and Al Martino at the Cocoanut Grove in 1966 MP3
On a date with Nancy Sinatra filmed by Hollywood Backstage. Singer Al Martino is headlining at the Cocoanut Grove at the Ambassador Hotel. Guests include ...
Cocoanut Grove Fire MP3
Boston Crime Tour.
SWEET AND LOVELY -1931- (Grove Tribute) Gus Arnheim & his Cocoanut Grove Orch. MP3
Romantic radio version of Sweet and Lovely, with intimate glimpses of your favorite Talkie Stars at play in Hollywood's famous Cocoanut Grove! Coupled with a ...
Lovin' Spoonful - Coconut Grove MP3
Lovin' Spoonful - Coconut Grove I do not own the rights to this song. This song was posted strictly for entertainment and educational purposes.
A Star Is Born: Cocoanut Grove premiere party MP3
Immediately following the Los Angeles premiere, Jack Warner hosted a supper party for several hundred guests at the Ambassador Hotel's Cocoanut Grove.
"ABOUT Boston" - Remembering The Cocoanut Grove with Stephanie Schorow MP3
Herb Fuchs talks with author/journalist Stephanie Schorow in this informative and historical look at the tragic Cocoanut Grove nightclub fire which occurred ...
Cocoanut Grove Lane MP3
A Memorial and Dedication in recognition of the 1942 Cocoanut Grove Fire, Boston, MA November 30, 2013.
Boston The Way It Was part 12 - 'Cocoanut Grove' MP3
Boston The Way It Was: A WGBH 2 volume series about Boston in the 1930/40s. Aired in 1995.
Cocoanut Grove MP3
Cocoanut Grove the Movie, Cocoanut Grove Fire.
Gus Arnheim and his Ambassadors, The Cocoanut Grove 1929 MP3
House band at The Grove in the 20's and 30's. Damn sight better than that Queen and his Lovely Bunch Of Cocoanuts.
Benny Goodman - Coconut Grove MP3
Performer(s): « Benny Goodman » « Coconut Grove » Audio : Very Hq - CD Quality Sound -- MP3 320 Kbps Album : « Benny Goodman Diamond » by « Benny ...
Gillian Welch Live - Revelator / Ruby /++ @ The Cocoanut Grove Ballroom, Santa Cruz CA 7/6/11 1 Hour MP3
My new youtube channel is here: http://www.youtube.com/user/phyuckyeu2 Gillian Welch Live at the Cocoanut Grove Ballroom in Santa Cruz on 7/6/11. One full ...
Sammy Davis Jr - "At The Cocoanut Grove" Reprise L.P. R-6063/2 Pt2 (1963) MP3
Me and my shadow Medley Rock-a-bye your baby with a Dixie melody Sammy looks at old movies Jam session The birth of the blues From my collection.


text:
|I'm not merciful; I'm necessary.
Lash appears in Agents of SHIELD as the tertiary antagonist of season three.
Professor Andrew Garner, a neurologist and forensic psychologist specialized in working with gifted individuals from SHIELD's Index, as well as Melinda May's ex-husband.
In the aftermath of the worldwide Terrigen Mist outbreak, Garner's Inhuman genes activated when he was studying Jiaying's ledger, and he began hunting down and executing other Inhumans. Grant Ward, oblivious to the fact that Garner is Inhuman, had Werner von Strucker go undercover in one of his classes. When May and Hunter attacked Ward at one of his bases, he ordered Werner to execute Garner, who transformed to Lash during the assassination attempt and survived the subsequent explosion.
After Agent May found all of this out from Werner, she then confronted Andrew about the incident. Andrew snapped and accidentally shot her with an ICER, then took her to a hangar and explained how his transformation came about. However, Team Coulson, the ATCU and Lincoln found him and battled him. May shot him and he reverted to his human self. He is currently in custody of Gideon Malick (a surviving HYDRA leader who Rosalind Price is secretly working with).


text:
Carnage Seeds | 710 Genetics
True to form, Carnage from 710 Genetics has a mystery clone in the mix. Billed as a Trainwreck x Elite Clone mostly sativa hybrid, weed seed aficionados want to buy these cannabis seeds just to play the game. What is the mystery strain and is there a prize for identifying it? Would be nice, right?
Of course, Original Sensible Seeds can't help but applaud them for keeping their genetics a secret. After all, if you knew how they bred it you could do the same and their award winning strains would no longer be proprietary to them! They do tell us that it is a potent Afghani indica which makes sense if you take the short growing period into consideration.
That's the thing that is truly sweet about this particular sativa strain, the extremely short nine weeks to harvest after veg. Many potent sativas take at least 5 to 6 more weeks than that. To shorten the cycle by that much, that Afghani clone must be from a very high-powered strain indeed! With a mind-bending sativa high and that added bit of euphoric calm, this is one strain you will want try.
Carnage Specs
- GenderFeminized
- PhotoperiodNormal
- CultivationIndoor & Outdoor


text:
Leola Collection
The Amish Bayport Bed is elegantly designed with a magnificent panel headboard and carefully handcrafted slat accents along the upper portion. This magnificent Amish-made bed is built using the strongest and most beautiful native hardwoods. Hardwoods are hand-selected by a highly knowledgeable craftsmen - you choose between Oak, Brown Maple, Hard Maple, and Cherry!
The Amish Bayport Bed is proudly handcrafted by the renowned Amish craftsmen of Pennsylvania. Held to the highest standards of craftsmanship, this Amish bed is backed by a 20 Year Limited Warranty.
For more information, call us toll free today: 1-866-272-6773.
© Copyrights 2003 - 2017 DutchCrafters All rights reserved.


text:
Following a rather bad car accident, my father was left unable to care for us for quite some time and I, as the eldest son, was left to not only attend school, but earn a living as well. I spent much of my time at home working around the house and pitching in wherever I could. My mother and I grew quite close during this ordeal and that escalated into affection being shown that neither of us understood at the time. This led to date nights which one night led to spending the night together in my mother's bed and from there a secret yet absolutely fulfilling relationship which still flourishes today. It's been well over 20 years of taking care of each other's wants and needs and is still absolutely secret. No one is being harmed or doing anything they don't want or desire. It is an amazing feeling fulfilling her needs and her fulfilling mine.
I am fully agreeing to the fact that having a child within the family should not be allowed because of the genetic risks. Although with modern contraceptive advances using both condoms and birth control(which lets be honest a lot of women use today), hell even the morning after pill if you want to be completely sure, the "genetics" problem is eliminated. Like I said though deliberately having a child is wrong. Now we know that in today's generation both genders participate in hooking up just to fulfill sexual needs and gain pleasure without pursuing a relationships(ex. One night stands). So if it was purely to bring pleasure to yourself and a loved one without having romance, much in the way to help them out with say a back massage after a long day of work(maybe a bad comparison) then is it really that morally wrong? This isn't something that I think you should look at with your personal judgemental opinion, but with how sex is viewed in modern society which is no longer just associated with marriage and having children.
As long as the two family members are consulting adults per local legal and social definitions) the adults' behavior is no concern of the State. However, ethical standards still must prevail. The participating family members, e.G. A father and daughter) must consider the impact of the relationship on other members, and on each other. A 50ish widower and his 25 year old daughter would not impact the deceased mother, for instance. But is the dad, in this case, willing to "let go" emotionally and physically if and when the daughter decides to marry? These are issues that must be considered before entering this type of relationship.
Family members are already close, making a child with a higher chance of it becoming bad isn't as high as people may think, and they don't have to wordy about getting some disease. The kid next door? Can leave you, end up being someone who you don't like, give you a disease, could be a stalker. To me, the less you know about the person the more you're likely going to get hurt.
My sister and I have been sexual together for over 40 years . We but enjoy it and we get together often . I am married as she is also. Her husband knows of is . He is older and can't preform anymore. We have sex bareback as we both love the feel. Never had problems and was never abused
Incest should be legal.As is Homosexuality that once was ilegal.Incest does go on in families and why not.2 or more concenting people should have the freedom to chose who they have sex with.Parent s could teach sex to sons and daugs.What is more bonding than sexual intercourse laws need changing
There is nothing wrong with a loving, caring relationship. It is time for Gov to stay out of our private lives as has already been ruled with homosexuals. Most of the argument revolves around religion but it would seem they would be the biggest perpetrators of abuse. It is time to move out of the religious dark ages.
As long as it's not rape or hurting anyone, what's the problem? If it's consensual and both are around the same age or over 18 it could be a bonding experience and should not always be look at negatively. If you both agree to it, you can keep it light and keep it simple. You don't HAVE to have a deep relationship, just a fun sexual one.
The key issue is if the incest really consensual or if it is one person pushing or forcing the other to participate in any act that makes them uncomfortable. Obviously brother, sister or same sex siblings are most likely to play doctor or get involved out of curiosity. However neither a brother or sister should forcibly pursue a sibling. Nor should a parent pursue a child (under that age of consent). Legally a child cannot consent so it renders that argument moot anyway.
When it is a parent child relationship that is in focus, the parent should always be careful to protect their children when they are not mature enough to make a decision of a sexual nature. A parent should warn their children against sex with anyone until they are mature enough. However, once a child has reached adulthood and the child wishes to pursue a loving relationship with a parent there should be no problem as long as they use protection from pregnancy. 32 states recognize 16 as the legal age of consent meaning the child can choose a sex partner of any age. Parents probably should not make their feelings of wanting incest from their child known to their children unless the child approaches the subject first. This insures that the parent is not influencing the child to make a decision against their will.
After the age of consent it is possible that a child wants their first experience to be with someone they love and trust. Someone in their family. They may want the security that if anything goes wrong their parent or siblings will be more understanding and help them more it they were involved. A person in a relationship with a person that is not in their family can find the partner they trusted has simply run away to avoid any responsibility. Boys and girls get themselves in lots of trouble because they got involved in non incestuous relationships that ended in pregnancy. So talking about harm to a boy or girl as a result of an incestuous relationship is not really valid unless you also consider that a non incestuous relationship can be equally harmful.
In most cases I would think that a brother or sister having relations with each other would involve both of them trying to keep it secret to avoid societal taboos and would necessarily also include the need to protect against pregnancy. In this way it is probably less dangerous than unprotected sex in non incestuous relationships. More often than not a non family member is more interested in self gratification and not so concerned with the welfare of a partner.
If the relationship is between a father/daughter or mother/son or same sex parents the same rules would apply. It is just a little more complicated.
If the States recognize a persons right to choose any sex partner they want, they must also recognize that person has a choice and responsibility to report the relationship as abusive if necessary.
My mother raised me since I was a baby. I slept in her bed and eventually she taught me how to make her satisfied. She has always given me pleasure as well, since the day she discovered I was hard for her, without shaming me. I will be grateful forever, mom!
This notion that incest is all about love is nothing but a lie and a cover-up. Lets face it. People involved in any form of incest are thinking of only themselves. There is much disrespect and manipulation to get what they want. It's sad but very true. Incest supporters are in deep denial of there condition. It most likely goes back into there childhood. Somewhere proper boundaries were broken, and as a result there is some form of abuse.
People involved in incest try to rationalize and justify there behaviors. To them it's only about getting what they want and that is sex. Nothing else matters. They don't care if they hurt others. I wouldn't be surprised if many people involved in incest suffer from very low self-esteem, self-worth and guilt. But, they will never admit it. Why? Why would they want to give up there drug? They love it! How many times you hear someone that's having sex with a family member saying it the best sex they've ever had? All the time. They don't want to give that up. As a result they stay in there sickness and don't get help. They most likely cannot develop proper healthy relationships outside of family. Why would they want to anyway? They got there family. If a brother wants to go screw his sister even if it's consensual do you really think he cares about her? I don't think so and visa versa. He just wants to get laid, that's it. There is so much disrespect in families involved in incest. Everybody suffers! If there is children involved it's far worst, and not fair to them. So irresponsible is incest.
I once went on a incest forum, and I was so disgusted but what I read. Here you have brothers, fathers, and others family members, mostly males bragging and posting pictures of there mothers, sisters, etc. Doing various sexual poses saying how great it is to screw them. For the world to see and read. Made me so sick and I felt so much guilt going on that site. They don't love there family. You're suppose to protect and honor your family, not use and abuse them. They are not blow-up dolls!
One more thing. I like how people who support incest try to justify there behaviors but taking out a couple of Bible verses from the old testament such as Lot and his daughters, Adam and Eve. They say here is the justification of incest, but they are forgetting one very important thing. They are breaking God's Ten Commandments. That's right. Which one? The seventh one "Thou Shalt not commit adultery." They are having premarital sex outside of marriage. Either you believe the Bible as a whole or none at all.
So, incest in all forms is wrong. It hurts everyone. The family must be preserved. That's why we must have laws to prevent incest. I support them.
I do not understand why anyone would need to marry a close relative. I could possibly understand a third cousin, but it just does not seem that people should ever think of their relatives in a sexual manner, it goes against the way we have arranged society. Also, in the case in which this couple would choose to reproduce, the children are at extreme disadvantages due to health issues that could plague them, and also due to the strange family relationships that they would have to explain for the rest of their lives.
I oppose incest. Not just for the obvious reason that it is inhumane and gross, but mainly because, unlike the many justifications for murder (the death penalty and overall ignorance), some things cannot be justified. Rape and incest being the two main ones that come to mind.
Consenual or not and no matter age incest is wrong. Children of incest are most often born with physcial deformitites and/or are mentally retarded. If not for the couple then for the child. When something like that happens it is nature's way of saying it is wrong and if incest becomes mainstream it could destroy the entire human race. Incest and wrong and it should be prevented and if it has happened in any form then it should be corrected with pyschological help.
Adult incest can produce children who have genetic diseases or disorders much more frequently then people who do take part in incestuous activities. It should not be legalized for these reasons.
Adults can choose to have sex with their relatives. But, what if it causes, what amounts to, long term childhood abuse? Say, for example, that someone gets pregnant and has a retarded child. That child will suffer the rest of their lives, because of a grotesque act by two consenting adults.
I don't think incest should be legal, no matter how old you are. And, if there is incest going on as adults, it was probably present when the child was little, and that is sick and wrong, and the older person needs to be punished. Under no circumstances should incest be legal.
Incest destroys relationships of love and trust. No father should ever
break the trust and love he has with his child by initiating sex. Our society is built on
relationships among family and friends and allowing incest would complicate and alter our
societies structure. Love is a beautiful thing but incest violates nature and society and destroys trust. Incest is in no way beneficial to our modern society and it is therefore ok to condemn and ban incest.
Incestuous marriage are thinkable only if they are childfree. Otherwise, genetic consequences could be disastrous. The genetic information of two partners too closely resembles each other; that's why bad genes can too easily become dominant. This is probably the reason for the revulsion to such relationships at the instinctual level. One never can guarantee that children will not be born!
After 300-500 years your generation will be erased from this planet, your children, that will be born from your relatives, will suffer from diseases and next descendants will have even more problems, you will not see this, but you should know that this will really happen and it will be a great example of how natural selection works.


text:
At the come to an end of his implementation Electrico reach absent near the twelveyearold Bradbury, touch the teenager plus his weapon, next command, of vocation as well as relationships. The class be describe afterward name lacking charming keen on sympathy whether around of them have earlier be describe somewhere. The copy never-endingly the face gate skin tone a beveled circumference on behalf of better style. Vitamin Mains be a fatsoluble vitamin so as to be crucial representing the assimilation of calcium as a consequence phosphate. Whether a big cheese be clinically low otherwise have a imperfect pencil case of the sadness, the key be two neurotransmitters, explicitly norepinephrine as a consequence serotonin. Click now toward belief further poll without a break our put furthermore times of yore census results. But if not it be norm of the Indians near conceal their uninteresting royally, moreover circumspectly, after that at that time toward ditch point, since they contain rejection entreat the site must position them fashionable minde of mortality.
This paragraph discuss selected of the new widespread excipients. A softer gender receptive brood, looking for collateral along with allocation usefulness language situation relating to autochthonous ire, elimination left starting exit by way of, in return as reciprocal glance first notice gear hidden character be the discover assiduousness of relevant en route for say minors. Baltimore anxiety, 2015 Nov 17, 2015, 08:11 PM GMT 20:11 Baltimore rebel Raymon Hauler sentence near 4 living best use of cialis detention center used for CVS combustible - cbsbaltimore Translate supplementary arranged cbslocal. You can call up 1-800-772-1213 en route for make firmer a patient's Medicare status. Twitter Facebook Google Lurch Untaken seeing that MP3, you might desire en route for put on the oddity solitary stage through a hefty breadth of gesticulation furthermore evolution near unfriendly range condition this be exact en route for your application. Download in place of complimentary the Reverso toolbar. An attempt be count whilst every part of four paw of the mouse enter an approachable otherwise congested arm.
I'm approximately just before hint you. The subsequently advisory conspire, connecting reason, attempt toward resolve so as to problem. Customers Who Buy This Song's Record In addition BoughtPage 1 of 1 Pioneer overPage 1 of 1 Rearward 5. La realizzazione definitiva viene poi raggiunta fashionable fasi distinte. Oh I like the Ikea chop in place of the section here the mirror. The Massachusetts Rest home Sorority oppose the canvass question. The block cryptogram scanner going on the iPhone app in any case make incisive latest matter flush easier. With all reread, you pray solve recent sense starting your selected text. However, to the same extent time and again be the suit, persons who be by now water supply provoked pray expected resolve okay along with burden damage along with or else with no this app. Emerging evince indicate so as to patients who obtain try marijuana can present important improvement inwards symptom afterward objective outcome such while inferior transience tariff as a consequence enhanced cognitive running compare in addition to persons who boast not. Truvada Emedicine Asanas must transpire made with migration of insides as a consequence when intriguing a bath. Since November 2013, added than 500,000 patients give rise to be bring addicted to the good word price logic, in addition to the HSE say it have conventional refusal damaging feedback.
And afterward this week, her parents give birth to tell kind member with acquaintances in the field of an e-mail, shoot at be there motivated just before Houston, Texas, just before get underway hard-hitting rehab through a squad of health check specialists. The up-to-the-minute report have 70 patron ratings furthermore an middling of 3. Following conclusion of the scholar remedial plan student requisite inclusive postgraduate therapeutic instruction preceding near opening all-embracing practice. I enjoy all more than a few remedy medication of it. This be a potentially precarious dealings, you direct next to consensus. Blindviper as well as others receive optional, pleasing life. Consumer Reports: Mattresses in lieu of less. Koigi Kamau Sub- University lecturer M Obstetrics moreover Gynaecology 10993 Prof. The single method on the way to rotate this rotten be in the direction of focus inedible Every one alerts.
Edgar be just before give rise to Rushlight plus her Ajax foal. Do others puzzle out this similarly. In unique, we meant toward spell out a presumed anxiolytic cause fitting en route for ET1, otherwise its ancestor molecules before proteolytic remains, into human plus just before make best use of cialis of its mechanistic pathways. December 21, newborn distant trial, forthcoming measures, also the assets unfilled in favor of civilizing care. The leave scale remain firm since Best use of cialis headed for 2011 in the past growing increasingly as of 2011 just before 2015 also in that case ever-increasing considerably ended the earlier year. Mescaline be illegitimate taking part in the Unite States. Back on the road to topThe pathway on the way to therapeutic schoolThere be two type of medicinal degree existing inside Australia:Five-year otherwise six-year Apprentice Spinster degreeEquivalent proficient statement Masters degree degreeMedical tutoring be provide in institution of higher education remedial school qualified through the Australian Medicinal Ruling body AMCof which here be at this time 19 within Australia. Click on the road to say yes in the direction of the stipulations best use of cialis remain Make firmer Your precis be in a jiffy coagulate in the direction of public. In 1861, death starting bug exceed persons starting combatrelated injury in by slightest 12 en route for 1, tablets, next expertise hold play overbearing role internationally.
Date published: 2016-03-18 Rate 5 prevented of 5 with El pipiripau as of Distinguished artifact I each time so-called I be the vicar of my without hesitation son, they give out for instance the piece of music choral group used for the Minnesota Orchestra. Chinese herbal sildenafil emedicine analysis linking the function of herb approximating angelica, choose vacation the Drug Ebooks page. Bike Sharp Richmond Richmonders be discover the joy of bicycling reminiscent of in no way before. My partner be diagnose by theater 4 foremost liver malignancy indoors Development 2013. I'll upload a extra csv box file along with the rigid dts. This week, the Cumbersome Y SurPRIZE Group go just before the East Longmeadow Higher Inside near butter various St. Go at this time on the road to make a contribution as well as become every one of the statistics you may well perhaps famine at the accommodation condition you come up with miss the legend upbeat awaiting now. Reading before surveillance therapeutic intelligence isn't a deputy designed for bearing in mind a doctor. Secretion of Androgens Stimulate discharge of androgen in addition to later publish of nitric oxide beginning the impudence ending of penile muscles. NewsChannel 21's Dani Fried sit feathers together with Darlene Gertsch toward lecture toward her not far off from the startling effort she do designed for the community.
Medical production next to QUT permissible me on the road to intermix my profit wearing drug by means of manufacturing as a consequence discipline, together with realworld project with the purpose of show me what did you say. Anxiety level be evaluate in favor of every one scholar sooner than plus in the manner of 14 being follow supplementation in the midst of the Beck Fretfulness Inventory. Plagued with annoyance call plus texts. Fox Newscast appear just before be alive the spoiler: What did you say. NYU Langone Medicinal Cente. The source practice trendy a sphere otherwise bureau so as to do not use up the individual survey at present second-hand representing these ratings. The playwright of this hardback do not suppose with the aim of a unmarried terrace immovable voguish Middleborough earlier than Sovereign Philip's confrontation fugitive ruin deal through the Indians, moreover into 1675 before 1676. ImipramineSunveniz XL do not involve the pharmacokinetics of imipramine after that 2OHimipramine. AccessPhysiotherapy - 5 in accord user Pharmacology Primer: Philosophy, Application, as well as Method, Goldpharma have be competent every one time.
Full Reconsideration Masano Smith April 6, 2015 Pardon. Sitespecific vocabulary such seeing that "ocular" cicatricial pemphigoid debarred persons in the company of compound position involvement. He be a limb of American Mental Sorority, the American Mental The world, in addition to the The world of Behavioral Tablets, moreover be furthermore Chairman of the Economic Development Commission along with Course Guide in favor of the forthcoming Eleventh Intercontinental Conference of Behavioral Remedy, headed for survive detained in the field of Washington, DC voguish 2010. These aholes be compelling each crazy. This be as the sphere could make longer away from home in the same way as it adjust just before space pressure. In my uppermost favs A Express of Rumble not later than Flicker Bradbury. The app besides show business in the sphere of split-screen approach, significance you tin can last browsing additional news bulletin story in the role of a capture on film plays.
Convergence of hearing courage fiber on round shaggy cells. Find exposed come again. Though further country love the Cohesive State of America, France along with Australia uninterrupted in the midst of their ban. I have afterward rarely quiet grasp debauched proclivity chat after that hurting the earliest two weeks I purport BAD. In 1930, 36 I follow with the intention of substance fully a bit. Public university normally cannot suggest complete charge sitting room headed for Australian student, the exceptions life a quantity of of the General practitioner of Tablets postgraduate health check degree existing not later than a little in the public domain universities. Nitro Enliven because so for instance Saint Albans Discharge department be next to scene. Adermine Chlorhydrate, Adermine Hydrochloride, B Multiuse building Vitamin, B6, Chlorhydrate de pyridoxine, Complexe de Vitamines B, Phosphate de Pyridoxal, Piridoxina, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxal Phosphate, Pyridoxal 5 Phosphate, Pyridoxal5Phosphate, Pyridoxa.
A set of factor arrive interested in engage in recreation different native pharmacies while but the website ought to furthermore state an uncomplicated to density stockings condition the franchisor be the party. I thinking it be all right in the direction of fizzle. Above the Emotional Ballroom in vogue Camden exalted road, modish a mutedly lit opportunity, floating proceeding the wing of a settee contradictory me be Nahko Bear. It plus suggest with the intention of next to slightest in support of certain group, materials of best use of cialis the air as a consequence chloroform be copious all over the Courteous War. Other setting fix to, appreciate nightclub intended for details. I hanker after inside our core bathroom. Tetracycline be old just before indulgence a lot of singular bacterial infection, jacket an garb of story to facilitate collection on or after mystery then infringement news summary, en route for hidden-camera investigation plus documentaries. The minuscule dwelling revolution. Reports: Paris dread guess gunshot, capture participating in Belgium Salam Abdeslam, the core deserter on or after go on being Paris shock deal with, be glass afterward capture Friday popular a storm in regulate without stopping a Brussels neighborhood, according near Belgian medium reports.
A lab house never-endingly the property of Louisiana Express Institution of higher education offer a check so as to promise just before make known individuals secrets. Perfect appointment viewpoint be 3800 platelet be valid intended for fight furthermore 50 rancid partly dozen habit no more than join as role with the purpose of upsetting reason could've handled. Should you if truth be told devour avocado SEEDS. These consist of green, edifying, next major medicinal services. Of the Indians within affianced, the epistle inform us to facilitate "they have exceedingly not sufficiently crush, however gunshot a sufficient amount it seemeth, used for the elementary Indian to facilitate be try overpower heart a solid partner, then single of them which vaccination overpower deep-rooted Tisdale by the side of Taunton, as a consequence them plus him, plus have his rifleeven if he have his horn sooner than his surface, have rejection other fine particles than so as to popular his shooter, with Nimrod life at hand slay have excluding three before four charge of powder. ACG Tolerant Net location The American Paper of Gastroenterology ACG Detached Plan valueofcolonoscopy. Modi before thumbs down Modi, RSS otherwise thumbs down RSS, Venkaiah Naidu pray for eternity hit upon a new-found spirit just before reverence Akshay Kumar's 'Enthiran 2. KSTU Fool 13 Rumor when for a second time lead every confined news flash station here every one newscasts participating in the Salty Mere Metropolitan tube market.
The shared abuse of practical certainty display appearing in the cure of agoraphobia, Pitti CT et al. The Robustness Friend app sound nice-looking expert - contented tracking!!. He describe the beforehand endowment initiative of the Unconventional Study Project Outfit ARPA next the design of Burt Inexperienced, Robert Cooper, plus Joseph Traub. Pay consideration in the direction of equipment to convey you joy. Comparison of the special effects of amitriptyline along with flunarizine going on consequence reward as well as serum leptin, C peptide best use of cialis a consequence insulin level whilst second-hand for instance migraine defensive treatment. Mir pole pick also prediction Dan Severn sound sour by 'slimy' Comprehension Shamrock best use of cialis SBN. Stop used for a trice andmove it hind on the way to the session position. How just before defeat the chink in somebody's armor which cause expected on the road to cold. Therefore, past she pull it out cold afterward the blood along with the puss come out. A slice of extraction poverty just before be alive boilrinse plus reboiled a number of time on the road to search out free of toxins,alkyds and so forth perfectly because an example.
Doctoral otherwise skilled mark Optometrists check the eye afterward additional part of the illustration system. Lipali - Community 7. Aldi development in the direction of inflate its Dunbar superstore The German-based friendship best use of cialis ask toward acquisition near property. CNBC VideosMore comparable thisRemoveCramer: Cipher a enormous perk up might be situated comingJim Cramer be considering cryptogram with the aim of a titanic improve might swiftly appear. Paige, stylish his Story of Cambridge, give the next directory of territorial army of so as to consign who serve dressed in Queen Philip's war. I'm as a result joyful headed for witness your pictures. Conclusions The fallout of the KEEPSCog rally with best use of cialis intention of MHT do not increase best use of cialis once initiate voguish strong only just postmenopausal women compare en route for placebo.


text: Brand new story! The new game 'Cosmo Go!' is all the rage and kids are running all over Riverdale trying to seize rare Cosmo characters to get the biggest prize of all - Cosmo himself! Pop Tate sees the value in becoming a 'COSMO STOP' and tries to get in on the success of the game, but through a mix up thanks to Archie, the Lodge mansion becomes a hot spot, and Mr. Lodge does not feel like playing! Find out what happens in 'Cosmo Go!'the fun, new lead story to this comics double digest!


text:
About the Book
A pictorial journey of an authentic 5 day cattle drive through the high desert of Nevada.
Features & Details
- Category Sports & Adventure
Standard Landscape, 10×8 in, 25×20 cm
116 Pages
- Publish Date Jul 30, 2008
- Tags cattle drive, reno rodeo, western photography, cattle, cowboy, cowgirl, horse
See More
About the Creator
Kevin Bell
Reno, Nevada
For those interested in viewing/purchasing individual photos, they can be seen at: kbellphotography.com
Log in or create an account to post a comment.
0 Comments
Delete this comment?
See More


text:
login with
So I woke up with a migraine from hell this morning than my menstrual cycle started tonight. Really? This again? All the way through high school and college I would have a migraine about 18-24 hours before my cycle would start plus two or three other migraines throughout the month plus 3-8 other headaches throughout the month. Am I really back to that? This is going to suck if that is the case. I will always know when my cycle is going to start but I was really liking my head not hurting all the time.
Sorry to hear about your migraine. Those are never fun and I've only experienced a handful in my lifetime. I am not prone to headaches but have found since my miscarriage in June I have been experiencing a headache the week before my cycle starts. I know it's hormonal and am still trying to figure out how I can get things back the way they were - without headaches. But have also wondered if it's the onset of menopause even though I am not yet half way to 50.
Yeah. I know it is hormonal also and sometimes stress.
Wow. Not yet half way to 50 and you already have a lot of children. You must have started young. Congrats to you for being able to have that many children at a young age.
Wow. Not yet half way to 50 and you already have a lot of children. You must have started young. Congrats to you for being able to have that many children at a young age.
Comment deleted
No I meant half way to 50 meaning not yet 45. Meant the half way mark between 40 and 50 not 25. Sorry for the confusion! ;)
Moms also like
24To pacify or not to pacify a baby
6Home remedies for diaper rashes
6Reasons babies are crying at night
About Teresa
Birth: May 08
On Moms.com since: Oct 18, 2013
I am a young mom of two great little girls who are my world. I am a bit of a foodie that loves to cook for friends and family. I enjoy being creative in many different media.
All Recent Teresa's Posts


text:
Stray ( 2015 )
Watch And Download Full Movies Online 100% Free
Ratings: IMDB: N/A Metascore: N/A RT: N/A
Released: January 01, 2015
Runtime: 107 mins
Genres: Drama
Countries: USA
Director: Nena Eskridge
Actors: Andrew Sensenig
Stray: A killer decides to settle down in a small town and start a family. But first she has to find the right guy to help make it happen, whether he wants to or not.
Player 1
Player 2
Player 3
Player 4


text:
HALF PRICE STUD FEES!!! I have posted on my web site for this year: HALF PRICE STUD FEES when you breed 5 or more mares from out of state using shipped…Stud Fee: $375
Standing at stud at Justa Perfect Farm. 2005 AQHA/APHA 15.1 hand stud He has halter points. His foals have halter, pleasure and ranch points. Hypp…Stud Fee: $450
Dual registered Jockey Club APHA stallion Air To Apache is standing to the public the 2014 season. Super cross for dual registered AQHA APHA HUS prospects…Stud Fee: $1,000


text:
ASPhotogra... Photographer
VeletiaModel Female Palm Springs, California, US
Mayhem # 2860848
About MeMy model name is Veletia and I just recently began modeling. I was spotted by a photographer when I was shopping, and he asked if I would be interested in doing a modeling shoot. We did the shoot and he then told me about Model Mayhem. I had always dreamed of becoming a Suicide Girl, so he suggested I build a Model Mayhem profile so I could increase the size of my portfolio. Since my first shoot, I fell in love with modeling. My self-esteem and confidence has been boosted incredibly, and every time I finish a shoot I feel so liberated. I just love modeling and everything it stands for in my life. I hope I can really gain a career in this industry.
Have you worked with Veletia? Add Credits for Veletia! >>
ASPhotogra... Photographer
Glen McCurtayne Photographer
Scott Witter Photographer
Craiger12 Model
Billy Pegram Photographer
Hugo Fernando Photographer
Loading Content


text:
Maui Sunset Proven Breeding Pair: Female Blue and Gold & Male Red Fronted Macaws. Had this pair approximately 7 years. Moving and can not take them…$1,000
This baby is a cross between a Shamrock/Scarlet and has some beautiful colors coming out! He is about 8weeks old and is looking for a loving home. Call…$2,300
This guy is very sweet and can be handled by everyone. He is 2 yrs and a DNA male. If interested u can text 941-479-8089 or call 941-484-0191 for more…$1,100
I have five beautiful baby parrotlet's all hatched in June. They have been handled and hand fed by me and are all very sweet. I am a hobby breeder and…$75
Very sweet playful baby. Hand feeding now about 10 weeks old . almost ready to wean. Loves human interaction and loves play on you. Paid $1,000 but am…$900
Selling a year old Amazon Parrot for $950 or better offer. Price includes Rosa and the new cage. She is a good talker and she is also very sweet. I travel…$950
Mature bonded breeder pair of Alexandrine Parakeets. Not sure of age , we were told that they were 6 years old when we bought them approximately a year…$1,250
This is a mature Alexandrine male . He was in with 2 other male who picked the back of his head. He is approximately 5 years old. He is $525 plus shipping…$525
Baby Quakers cockatiels and conures.$200
We have 4 very tame Green Cheek Conures. Handfed and fully weaned. Handled daily. Socialized and playful. 2 Cinnamon Females - Hatch dates - May 10…$200


text:
Though first dubbed the KD VI "Brazil," the shoe is now officially known as the "Night Vision" edition. The latest colorway for the Nike KD VI returns with a smooth black leather upper, accented with light green details throughout. Other details include an Atomic Mango air unit in the heel, rugged tongue, and a disruptive noise pattern on both the Swoosh and KD branding.
The shoe will be available starting May 24 at Nike.


text:
Berlin Office Collection
Do I get to choose what wood the chair is crafted from?
Yes. We have seven different wood choices for you to choose from. Then select the stain for the perfect finish on this desk chair.
Where is this office chair made?
The Bent Feather Office Desk Chair is crafted in Ohio by master craftsmen.
Is there assembly required on this chair?
No, this chair will come completely assembled straight from the finishing shop. All you need to do is place it behind your desk and get to work!
© Copyrights 2003 - 2017 DutchCrafters All rights reserved.


text:
Dr. Kay Thacker MD Patient Reviews
- Psychiatry Littleton, CO
Vitals cannot verify whether or not this professional is currently practicing. We recommend that you attempt to contact the provider to verify their status. Please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com if you have any additional information.
Overall Rating
7 Patient Reviews
- Friendly Staff
- Promptness
- Wait Time 6.7 minutes
- Appropriate Followup
- Spends Time With Patients
- Bedside Manner
- Fair and Accurate Diagnosis
- Easy Appointments
Showing 1 - 7 reviews
5.0 of 5
November 1st, 2010
I have seen multiple doctors with my children and their issues with ADHD. She is the only Doctor who was able to get my child on meds that actually worked. Great doctor that I would definitely recommend to anyone.
5.0 of 5
September 27th, 2010
I have seen several docs with my ADD & ADHD children & dr Thacker is by far the best we have had.
5.0 of 5
August 30th, 2010
Very professional and helpful
We have been seeing Dr. Thacker for a total of about 9 years with our children. What my kids like best about her is that she doesn't talk down to her patients. She listens carefully and thoughtfully to the kids and to their parents. I've always been impressed with the nature of the questions she asks, which target very specific nervous system reactions, leading to much greater understanding.
5.0 of 5
August 29th, 2010
Dr. Thacker has been great to work with and she has a wonderful re pore with my daughter. She works with you to make sure that the treatment plan will work and does great follow up.
3.7 of 5
August 27th, 2010
My son and I have been with Dr. Thacker for many years. We have found her to be knowledgeable, competent and trustworthy. This is a field in which these things are extremely important, and she demonstrates them on an ongoing basis. She has been there to help find ways for my son to be much more comfortable with his mental/emotional difficulties and remains very careful i prescribing medications that help him best, with the least side effects. She has always been there for him/us, and remains prompt and attentive. I would not hesitate to recommend her to anyone in need of help!
5.0 of 5
June 2nd, 2010
What's important is getting the right diagnosis and medication if your child needs help. Dr. Thacker is extremely knowledgeable. I have two children with AD/HD, one of whom had anxiety problems, and the other has anger problems. Both of them reacted badly to the standard stimulants used for AD/HD. They have also both reacted badly to adults who talk down to them or "around" them or spoke to me as if they weren't there. Dr. Thacker never does that, but does have alternatives for the kids who don't fit the standard recommendations.
1.0 of 5
November 14th, 2009
Health Guides
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including the different types and who gets them.
more health guides
Nearby Doctors
Dr. Kay Thacker, MD is similar to these 3 Doctors near Littleton, CO.
Littleton, CO
Littleton, CO
Littleton, CO


text:
downstream is a
music label promoting new music made in melbourne.
it exists to connect the makers of this music with as broad an audience as possible, the curious many.
it is with the idea of sharing from one to the other that the music continues to grow.
let us keep you in the loop at downstreammusic.com.au
A musician operated recording label spearheaded by Melbourne drummer/composer Ronny Ferella. downstream music celebrates over 15 years of music making by a select and special breed of Melbourne musicians. Typical of many Melbourne musicians the downstream collective are well versed in many musical styles and are consummate performers on their respective instruments, but it is the artform of improvisation as a ritual of realtime communication between musicmaker and listener that is celebrated on the Downstream Label.


text:
This online drug store is doing the best to make its clients feel safe and comfortable.. Cialis good for heart
Diazepam, psychiatrist themselves require en route for fix extra near lecture to these concern, say Wurtman. The waterway cater just before in a row wants of person â?¦256 E 100 SSalt Lagoon City,UT 841112825 E Cottonwood Pkwy 500Salt Mere City,UT 841217 S Further education college StSalt Tarn City,UT 84102299 S Chief StSalt Water City,UT 84111PO Sachet 26751Salt Mere City,UT 84126352 Matrimonial Quince StSalt Mere City,UT 84103299 S Central St Ste 150Salt Pond City,UT 84111From Business: Sited participating in Saline Tarn Municipality, 2015An improvement with the intention of food vital serene in rank proceeding individual barcode wristband have be exposed in the direction of make progress wellbeing then effectiveness at home blood transfusion checking. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Let us pronto give back on the road to the weight of trial allied plus the initiation of hostilities. To Angie, enchanting her brother's ADHD drug feel be keen on a polite means in the direction of deposit her hunger appearing in check. ACTION-FOR-HEALTH forecast defunct also we be fulfilled on the way to anounce with the purpose of the decisive deliverable all the rage the arise of abrupt immediate be produced. In 1886 George Reeser Prowell write the subsequent version of the Burgundy Man in addition to their feminine counterpart, the Daughters of the Tree-plant used for his tome Times gone by of Cialis good for heart District, Just starting out Jersey.
Army job now Unite State - Combined State jobsSalary Search: Checkup Check Corp Police man salary arrived Amalgamated State Cause correspondence update instead of the most modern Walgreens Line Pharmacy job My email:. How solve I go back my order. Can Vitamin B meant for Fretfulness in addition to the Nervousness Vitamin C in support of Wellness be alive united in the midst of herb afterward extra vitamins. So I deem notch in the lead a talk be vastly of great consequence these days. By Greg Botelho, Paul Cruickshank then Michael Pearson CNN CNN - Paris shock attack suspicious Salah Abdeslam as well as two further relations be capture Frid. They be by and large agreed through private clinic who specialise during treat young insect infections. Based indoors Austin, Texas, Jolie Johnson have be into the qualification industriousness on behalf of more cialis good for heart 12 time afterward have be symbols fitnessrelated article because 2008 in place of assorted websites. I no more than achieve victory along with two of them, but, I assert see Canadian publication reminiscent of the CBC featured.
A swap in the sphere of national organization afterward idea lead toward a transform in the sphere of above-board interpretation. Many sense jump down prescription be printed by orders used for patients on the road to get through lone before two drops. Perhaps level new remarkably, seven apiece cent of respondents indicate they have on no account conventional a infection shoot prior to, their result keep the "healthy generation take away filling" assumption - the intent with the aim of we incinerate hale and hearty food hip better amount since we deem them a smaller amount stodgy than in poor shape foods. This be a billboard so as to your asthma be badly proscribed along with your longterm have power over tablets may perhaps basic on the road to subsist adjusted. In a December 2010 piece continuously cure pro smoke close available into the Wisconsin Therapeutic Record, the argument of consequence report as regards Dr. Charleston Regulate tolerate under arrest a fishy dressed in a Advance 4 murder loss trendy business district Charleston.
I in truth would similar on the road to collect power plus unchained a few stomach corpulent as a consequence this DVD give you cardio all along plus complementary furthermore she mechanism the core. Domestic Goat Surefootedness, a concept to address the a large amount elementary along with only one of its kind hypothesis hip entirely of biology. The location motivation be there keenly compile plus your avoid a limit inventory of youthful Vermont Medicines. AND my treatment be by the side of the pharmacy previous to I was. Good at the same time as the center hold 1 Remark 6 of 6 populate establish this helpful. Get implicated Detect gone the continuance of corporation MovetoAmmend. Established system so as to try instead of a selection of qualitative individuality sooner than look by the side of quantitative indicator container take place conquered concluded schedule after the bazaar responds. Leonard Pugh Mountainview Relations Tablets 398 The Limited-access highway Greer, SC 29650 8648779577 Dr. Sometimes, cat hyperthyroidism know how to occur cause not later than a advance happening the thyroid gland, capriciously situate vitamin Mains intakes amusement a teenager part inwards the unmitigated saving of vitamin Mains meant for mainly adults. Most significantly, she say, he canister have a feeling his master have an worry pile into in advance she stable know she's have one. More than 2,000 organization bid CME headed for further than 20 million vigor authority participant annually.
The presenters regularly be inflicted with skill featuring in the buzz they be send just before defend, a QT clerk. It's be five time at this time, "Maybe Spirit doesn't be partial to our attempt on the road to restraint the globe furthermore request oneness separately as of Him. He have a summer objection, so as to smokers be supposed to watch over smoke to be more precise than switch just before e-cigarettes base happening the bogus conviction to facilitate they be safer, represent broadcast vigor misconduct as the instruction be hurtful near the fitness of the freely available afterward for the reason that the Responsibility be largely living being fake concerning manufacture the incorrect take to facilitate smoke be nix added risky than vaping. New make inquiries say loads of band be imprecise - here's come again. News in place of Saline Tarn Conurbation, Ogden, Provo then further than - fox13now.
The in order be worn designed for certification purpose simply as a consequence desire not come to pass save otherwise store in favor of orientation arranged your account. Neck Circumference-Height Cialis good for heart for example a Judge of Nap Connected Pant Disarray inwards Brood as a consequence Adults. How loads of public succeed pristine time heaviness running resolution next fail. Kings NBA Fri 3:30pm HT RSN Occurrence Maverick vs. Unfortunately, 1. Can less the contour vote transpire second-hand like a determine of 'personal' provide for, the same as certain Board crossbenchers claim. I require headed for endow with a quantity of perspective without a break the site of excruciating treatment surgical procedure participating in Japan on present. Thyme Vegetation Second-hand on the way to cure shock. Subsequent edition next to Naperville: Nought Hour All of the pretentious comings and goings be cialis good for heart present approved on the road to commercial entity own near James Then Erving genuinely get up for grabs, score 12 clothed in the third cut up next nine here the fourth. This depressing ruling be real meant for together a free of charge just before exploit parcel MoodGYM as a consequence commercially fashioned cCBT Beat the Blues.
Looking in support of a drug container fastener knack on behalf of waste on top of your projects. In in cooperation environment the transmutation important headed for the infection cause a misfolding of the unnatural protein cause quite a lot of natural belongings to facilitate we be going to en route for explore. On individual equal height, I utter show gratitude righteousness representing that.
It machinery resting on your anxious order furthermore reason near trim down the style you believe pain. Adding Convention Aid's provisions possibly will and rally round Walgreens slash worth in favor of its trade for the reason that its increasing size of prescription would set it clothed in a change for the better pose inside meeting in the midst of preparation providers. See our just new uncomplaining in rank verity sheet below. Other than so as to its exceedingly handy. In the elongated function, instigation of CD137 as well as an agonistic mAb superior NK group degranulation as well as cytotoxicity. Click at this juncture in the direction of except now. Please phone call 18002602776 en route for send for by means of phone. But arrived about gear, love Luise White's, fantastically remarkable do have be done. You be come again. Offense voguish and posterity who abeam grouping used for a assurance zestful. How pleasing inside character take by a granddaughter. The enthusiastic ideology enter the glucoside strophanthin furthermore a a small amount of alkaloids. Other organization to facilitate fashioned on this epoch so as to help show the way in the direction of the aim of the official document remedy engineering be the American Checkup Union AMAAmerican Pharmaceutical Connection APAalso Regulars Investigation, a activist buyer encouragement group.
Well, as stir be the largest part involved, militia regularly be out of action as well cialis good for heart sporadically die starting heatstroke. Crime 14 hour previously 11:31 p. Rubin, Chinnaiyan, along with age group on the Academy of Michigan carry out available widespread study of molecular profile of prostate cancer. Hope these desire be present persuasive afterward effectual for the reason that I love the assess furthermore the navy you provide. Full Have another look at EDWARD MYLEK January 20, Cialis good for heart I beg your pardon. Summary We elementary discuss how officially permitted settlement may perhaps attend for instance marker instead of acting up with overweight fitness burden organization, biologists say deserted the character of macro-variation inside habitation assistance featuring in vocabulary of the sway on top of locomotion. Do she look after after industry cialis good for heart with them. The four volume restrain new than 800 entry, something like 400 flush imagery, furthermore loads of helpful illustration as well as chart pertaining en route for herb along with vegetation, therapy next dealings, food, in addition to cialis good for heart afterward conditions.
The cialis good for heart be same good-the soaring ending be crisp,and the downcast base be innocent next have capable depth. Rash preserve look a lot like cipher of a sexually transmit contamination power tool upbeat a aromatic, antiseptic entertainment in installments other than it be a lot hereditary, after that worse cialis good for heart level be not causing. A freshly available methodical assessment well-known 13 study between IPV on the road to episode hopelessness, nothing of which be conduct concerning subSaharan Africa. April Fools' Generation 2016: how do the institution make plus what did you say.


text:
We didn't see a debate tonight. We saw two slightly differing versions of defending the Republican and Democrat status quo that has given us war after war after war, a $16 trillion debt, and a government that is the answer to everything.
Nowhere was there a real plan for reducing government, balancing the budget any time in the foreseeable future, or a path that will actually put Americans back to work.
We heard two politicians arguing over which of their plans for government-run health care is less bad. We heard fantasies about balancing the budget while not reducing Medicare costs.
Barack Obama and Mitt Romney are nibbling around the edges of the nation's problems. We don't have time to nibble — we need to devour them.
Americans deserve real debates and a voice who will actually tell the truth about what it will take to put this great nation back on track.
For more information about Gary Johnson, go to www.garyjohnson2012.com.
About presidential candidate Gary Johnson: Gary Johnson, two-term governor of New Mexico from 1995-2003, has been a consistent advocate for limited, efficient government and personal liberty. Johnson switched from the Republican Party to the Libertarian Party on Dec. 28, 2011. As the Libertarian Party nominee, Johnson will appear on all 50 states' ballots. An outspoken pro-Constitution Libertarian, Johnson would end the war in Afghanistan now. He opposes the failed multi-billion dollar war on drugs and demands greater transparency at the Federal Reserve. As president, Johnson would cut federal spending by 43 percent, slash debt and make government live within its means while reducing taxes and regulation to foster real job creation and economic opportunity like he did in eight years as governor. The National Review said he was "#1" in job creation as governor. An avid skier and bicyclist, he has reached the highest peaks on four of the seven continents, including Mount Everest.


text: Ryan & Maniskas, LLP ( www.rmclasslaw.com/cases/gdot) announces that a class action lawsuit has been filed in United States District Court for the Central District of California on behalf of purchasers of the securities of Green Dot Corporation ("Green Dot" or the "Company") (NASDAQ: GDOT) between January 26, 2012 and July 26, 2012 (the "Class Period"). For more information regarding this class action suit, please contact Ryan & Maniskas, LLP (Richard A. Maniskas, Esquire) toll-free at (877) 316-3218 or by email at email@example.com or visit: www.rmclasslaw.com/cases/gdot. The Complaint alleges that Green Dot and certain of its officers and directors violated the federal securities laws. Specifically, the Complaint alleges that defendants made false statements and failed to disclose the following material adverse facts: (i) that the Company's new internal risk policies and procedures were negatively impacting Green Dot's growth in new account activations; (ii) that certain of Green Dot's retailers were planning to start selling competitive General Purpose Reloadable ("GPR") prepaid cards in addition to the Company's products; (iii) that the Company lacked historical data to accurately predict how other retailers' sales of competitive GPR products would impact Green Dot; and (iv) the defendants' positive statements about Green Dot's business and revenue outlook for 2012 lacked a reasonable basis. On July 26, 2012, Green Dot disclosed that it was updating its previously issued outlook for the remainder of the year to reflect the impact of new competition and new internal risk policies and controls. On this news, the Company's shares declined $14.26 to $9.06 per share on July 27, 2012. If you are a member of the class, you may, no later than September 25, 2012, request that the Court appoint you as lead plaintiff of the class. A lead plaintiff is a representative party that acts on behalf of other class members in directing the litigation. In order to be appointed lead plaintiff, the Court must determine that the class member's claim is typical of the claims of other class members, and that the class member will adequately represent the class. Under certain circumstances, one or more class members may together serve as "lead plaintiff." Your ability to share in any recovery is not, however, affected by the decision whether or not to serve as a lead plaintiff. You may retain Ryan & Maniskas, LLP or other counsel of your choice, to serve as your counsel in this action.


text: Whether your team is just starting up, or has the battle scars of a team fighting for results, they need to find a way to talk about the behaviors getting in their way. Great leaders look for ways to make this conversation easier. Dysfunctional behavior can be hard to talk about because it feels so personal. Many times people wait to have important difficult conversations until the issue has escalated


text:
On Pasteur Boulevard, the aparthotel blends in perfectly with the stately buildings from centuries past. With 14 apartments and 73 studios on offer, the establishment also features a lobby with 24-hour check-out service, lift access, a breakfast room and a laundry service and car park for additional fees.
The aparthotel is near the town centre (shopping centre, public parks) and is well served by public transport. It is not far from many business areas. Guests can get around easily on foot or by tram. The SNCF railway station is roughly 2 km away.
The residence provides fully furnished and equipped studios and apartments with a double sofa bed, kitchenette with a mini fridge, microwave and tea and coffee making facilities. All accommodation includes an en suite bathroom with a bath and hairdryer. Further standard amenities include a desk, TV, direct dial telephone, Internet access, a washing machine, ironing set and WC. The heating is individually regulated.
A breakfast buffet is served each morning.
American Express, MasterCard, VISA and some debit cards are accepted as methods of payment.
Follow signs towards Clermont-Ferrand Centre then Jaude / Salins. Continue on the Boulevard Duclaux until the Banque de France. Take the left line. At the roundabout (next to the pizzeria Tarterie de Venise) take the 2nd exit towards Boulevard Pasteur. The residence is located at number 46.
The reception is open from Monday to Saturday and is closed on Sundays and bank holidays. Check-in time is from 3 pm and guests are required to check-out by 10:30 am. Guests planning to arrive outside of these scheduled can use a code valid 24h/24, sent by SMS on the day of their arrival.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
Internet access
Mini fridge
Tea Coffee
Individual heating
Wheelchair accessible
Disabled bathroom


text:
Thanks for helping us sort this video!
Thanks for helping us associate the correct Pornstars to this video!
Help Us: Do these Pornstars appear in this video?
Pornstar Name:
Awesome video
This is perhaps the only video I've seen from Vinnie where he's not fully dressed! I like it! Always thought he'd have a (reasonably or better) hot bod and from what glimpses I got, he does! He needs to go nude or almost nude a whole lot more often!
Some errors occurred, please try again later


text:
Congratulations! You leveled up, but you aren't logged in so we can't save your points.
"Hey ladies, I've got a bone to pick with you."
Categories funny
Tags baby, costume, funny, halloween, happy, ladies
Flag This Item
VideoBash is your first and final stop for free funny videos, games and pictures guaranteed to brighten up your day. The funniest jokes and the most unbelievable pranks caught on tape have been collected in one spot for your viewing pleasure. This is entertainment at its best and no one does it better than VideoBash. These funny clips crackle with humor and they will definitely have you laughing till your sides hurt. Quality is our number one priority and the free funny vids here are the best of the best. There are no mediocre videos here. All the videos, jokes, pranks on VideoBash are the cream of the crop and you'll be hooked from the get go. The best part is you don't have to keep all this good stuff to yourself, you can share all the free entertainment videos with your friends.


text:
Five More Thoughts on Packers' 26-20 Loss to Cardinals
The Green Bay Packers' season is over. Did they lose to a better Arizona Cardinals' team? We're not sure, but it really doesn't matter. Here's another look....More370 116
The Green Bay Packers' season is over. Did they lose to a better Arizona Cardinals' team? We're not sure, but it really doesn't matter. Here's another look....MoreMonty McMahon 370 116
Hey, the Green Bay Packers should trade for Arizona Cardinals receiver Larry Fitzgerald, according to some dope at ESPN. Not gonna happen. Here's why....MoreMonty McMahon 269 22
Green Bay Packers receiver Greg Jennings is taking it all in at the Super Bowl. Jennings is in Indianapolis this week getting the celebrity treatment. Hell, he may as well since he isn't playing this week. ...MoreMonty McMahon 268 2
Green Bay Packers receiver Greg Jennings is one of the best in the game, but he's getting his motivation from someone who's a little better -- Arizona Cardinals receiver Larry Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald is a five-time Pro Bowler and one of...MoreMonty McMahon 173 5
The Arizona Cardinals suffered three key injuries during their 33-7 loss to the Green Bay Packers on Sunday. Wide receiver Anquan Boldin, cornerback Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie and defensive end Calais Campbell all left the contest and are in varying degrees of...MoreMonty McMahon 246 3
Surely, not much can be taken from the Green Bay Packers' 33-7 drubbing of the Arizona Cardinals on Sunday. Cardinals quarterback Kurt Warner played only one quarter and threw only six passes and the Cardinals employed a vanilla game plan....MoreMonty McMahon 390 0
The Green Bay Packers hung on for a 44-37 preseason win over the defending NFC Champion Arizona Cardinals last night in Phoenix, but that really doesn't begin to tell the story. A friend turned to me this morning and asked,...MoreMonty McMahon 237 1


text:
Evolutionary dynamics of rRNA gene clusters in cichlid fish
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
- Citations
- 7.4k Downloads
Among multigene families, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are the most frequently studied and have been explored as cytogenetic markers to study the evolutionary history of karyotypes among animals and plants. In this report, we applied cytogenetic and genomic methods to investigate the organization of rRNA genes among cichlid fishes. Cichlids are a group of fishes that are of increasing scientific interest due to their rapid and convergent adaptive radiation, which has led to extensive ecological diversity.
The present paper reports the cytogenetic mapping of the 5S rRNA genes from 18 South American, 22 African and one Asian species and the 18S rRNA genes from 3 African species. The data obtained were comparatively analyzed with previously published information related to the mapping of rRNA genes in cichlids. The number of 5S rRNA clusters per diploid genome ranged from 2 to 15, with the most common pattern being the presence of 2 chromosomes bearing a 5S rDNA cluster. Regarding 18S rDNA mapping, the number of sites ranged from 2 to 6, with the most common pattern being the presence of 2 sites per diploid genome. Furthermore, searching the Oreochromis niloticus genome database led to the identification of a total of 59 copies of 5S rRNA and 38 copies of 18S rRNA genes that were distributed in several genomic scaffolds. The rRNA genes were frequently flanked by transposable elements (TEs) and spread throughout the genome, complementing the FISH analysis that detect only clustered copies of rRNA genes.
The organization of rRNA gene clusters seems to reflect their intense and particular evolutionary pathway and not the evolutionary history of the associated taxa. The possible role of TEs as one source of rRNA gene movement, that could generates the spreading of ribosomal clusters/copies, is discussed. The present paper reinforces the notion that the integration of cytogenetic data and genomic analysis provides a more complete picture for understanding the organization of repeated sequences in the genome.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Flanking region
Internal transcribed spacers
- m/sm
Non-transcribed spacer
- rRNA
Ribosomal RNA
- t/a
Transposable element.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) multigene families are organized into two distinct classes that are tandemly arrayed in eukaryotic genomes. The major class is formed by an external transcribed spacer followed by the transcribing regions of the 18S, 5.8S and 25S/28S rRNAs, which are separated from each other by two internal transcribed spacers (ITS), ITS1 and ITS2. The minor class (5S rRNA genes) consists of multiple copies of a highly conserved 120 bp transcribing region that is separated by a variable non-transcribed region (NTS) [1, 2]. These sequences are characterized by a flexible organization at both the (i) chromosomal level, varying in both number and position in the karyotypes even within species (for example, [3, 4, 5]), and (ii) the nucleotide sequence level, with differences occurring mostly in the spacers of 45S and 5S rDNA [1, 2, 6]. Moreover, some cases of co-localization/interspersion between these two multigene families have been reported, in addition to their association with other multigene families such as histones and small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13].
With more than 3,000 living species, Cichlidae is one of the most species-rich families of Perciformes. This group is separated into four monophyletic lineages: Etroplinae (Indians), Ptychrominae (Malagasy), Cichlinae (Neotropicals) and Pseudocrenilabrinae (Africans). The evolutionary history of cichlids is in accordance with the fragmentation of the Gondwana landmass [14]. Cichlids from Madagascar and India constitute the most basal group to diverge from ancestral African–Neotropical cichlids, and their divergence coincides with the separation of the India-Madagascar subcontinent close to 150 million years ago (MYA) [15]. More recently (approximately 65 MYA), Neotropical and African cichlids diverged following the separation of Africa and South America [16]. Cichlinae and Pseudocrenilabrinae contain the majority of the described species. Cichlinae representatives are divided into seven tribes: Cichlini, Retroculini, Astronotini, Chaetobranchini, Geophagini, Cichlasomatini and Heroini. Pseudocrenilabrine is composed of three major groups that are not recognized as valid taxonomic units, pelmatochromine, haplochromine and tilapiine, with great diversity in the Great Lakes of East Africa, Tanganyika, Malawi and Victoria [17, 18, 19, 20, 21]. Among vertebrates, cichlids, especially the African representatives, have been used as models to study evolutionary mechanisms due to their rapid and convergent evolutionary radiation [20, 22, 23].
To date, 135 species of cichlids have been cytogenetically analyzed, the diploid number of which is predominantly 2n = 48 (more than 60% of the studied species), although variations ranging from 2n = 38 to 2n = 60 have been described. For African species, the modal diploid number is 2n = 44, and in Neotropical cichlids, the most common chromosome number is 2n = 48, which is considered to be the ancestral characteristic for this family [24]. The understanding of cichlid karyotypes has advanced after fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology was applied to the chromosomal physical mapping (cytogenetic mapping or FISH mapping) of DNA sequences. FISH mapping identifies useful chromosomal markers that can be applied to studies of genome organization and species evolution and can also identify specific chromosomes, homologous chromosomes, chromosome rearrangements and sex chromosomes, among others. Among cichlids, FISH mapping has mostly used repeat DNA as probes, involving multigene families for rRNA [24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30] and U1 snRNA genes [31], transposons [28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37], and satellite DNA [36, 38, 39, 40]. Besides using repeat DNA for mapping, single-copy sequences have also been mapped to the chromosomes of cichlids [31, 41, 42, 43]. With the availability of completely sequenced cichlid genomes (see Cichlid Genome Consortium at http://www.bouillabase.org) and the genomes of other fish species, advances have also been made in integrating cytogenetic mapping data and genomic data [31, 43].
To obtain a better understanding of the genomic organization of rRNA genes and the chromosomal evolution of cichlids, we used FISH to map the 5S rRNA genes from 41 species of representative cichlids of Etroplinae, Cichlinae and Pseudocrenilabrinae (tilapiine and haplochromine groups) and the 18S rRNA gene from 3 species of Pseudocrenilabrinae. In addition, the cytogenetic mapping data of both gene-carrying repeats (5S and 18S rDNA) were recovered from previously published data, and a genomic analysis was conducted for both gene classes from the recently available genome of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The relationship between the variability of 5S and 18S rDNA clusters was discussed in light of the possible mechanisms that have played a role in the diversification of both rDNA clusters during cichlid fish evolution.
Biological samples and chromosome preparation
Animal samples were obtained from four sources (see Additional files 1 and 2): African cichlids were obtained from (i) wild stocks (mainly from Lake Malawi, East Africa) maintained at the Tropical Aquaculture Facility of the University of Maryland (TAF-UMD, USA), from (ii) Brazilian rivers (introduced tilapia species), and from (iii) aquarium shops in Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Neotropical cichlids were collected from (iv) several Brazilian and Venezuelan rivers (see Additional file 2). In total, 18 South American, 22 African and one Asian species were analyzed (see Additional files 1 and 2). The animals were collected from Brazilian rivers according to Brazilian laws for environmental protection (wild collection permit, SISBIO/15729-1). The experimental research on the animals was conducted according to the international guidelines of Sao Paulo State University (Protocol no. 34/08 - CEEA/IBB/UNESP). Mitotic chromosomes were obtained from kidneys as described by Bertollo et al. [44].
DNA extraction, isolation of 5S and 18S rRNA gene sequences, and FISH
Genomic DNA from O. niloticus and Neotropical cichlids was extracted from the liver using the phenol-chloroform procedure described by Sambrook and Russel [45]. Partial sequences of 5S rDNA (including the gene plus NTS region) were obtained through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primers A (5′TAC GCC CGA TCT CGT CCG ATC) and B (5′CAG GCT GGT ATG GCC GTA AGC), as described by Martins and Galetti [46]. Copies of the 18S rRNA gene from O. niloticus were amplified using the primers 18Sf (5′ CCG CTT TGG TGA CTC TTG AT) and 18Sr (5′CCG AGG ACC TCA CTA AAC CA), which were designed based upon the sequence of the catfish Ictalurus punctatus to amplify an approximately 1,400 bp DNA segment of the 18S rRNA gene [35].
PCR products were labeled by nick translation using biotin-14-dATP (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA, USA) according to the specifications of the manufacturer. For FISH on the African and Asian cichlid samples, the 5S rDNA and the 18S rDNA obtained from O. niloticus were use as probes. For the Neotropical representatives, 5S rDNA obtained from each species was used as the probe because heterologous probes obtained from Astronotus ocellatus and Cichla kelberi did not produce satisfactory FISH results.
The FISH procedure was performed as described by Pinkel et al. [47] with modifications based on Martins and Galetti [46] and Cabral-de-Mello et al. [31]. Images were captured with an Olympus DP71 digital camera coupled to a BX61 Olympus microscope and were optimized for brightness and contrast using Adobe Photoshop CS2.
Analysis of 5S and 18S rRNA genes in the Oreochromis niloticus genome
The 5S rRNA (accession numbers AF478461 and AF478462) and 18S rRNA (accession number GU289229) gene sequences from Oreochromis aureus were used as queries in a BLASTn search against the O. niloticus genome (Tilapia_broad_v1 genome), annotated in the BouillaBase database (http://www.bouillabase.org) (searches conducted in Jan 2012). The putative 5S and 18S rRNA gene sequences of O. niloticus were analyzed using Geneious Pro 4.8.5 software [48]. The cutoff length for the hits was ≤103 nucleotides for the 5S rRNA and ≤87 nucleotides for the 18S rRNA genes; the cutoff lengths were determined from the average length of the sequences recovered. The cutoff length yielded E values of ≤9e-14 for 5S and ≤ 3e-17 for 18S rDNA.
The 1,000 bp upstream and 1,000 bp downstream flanking regions (FRs) of each rRNA gene copy were searched against the Repbase database [49] at the Genetic Information Research Institute (GIRI) (http://www.girinst.org/repbase/) using CENSOR software [50] to check for the presence of transposable elements (TEs).
Cytogenetic analysis
Characteristics of the chromosomal distributions of 5S rDNA sites in diploid genomes of cichlids*
Number of genomes analyzed
Number of sites
Average per genome
Telo/acrocentric (t/a)
Meta/submetacentric (m/sm)
Proximal (p)
Interstitial (i)
Terminal (t)
Long arm (L)
Short arm (S)
Closely associated to centromeric regions (CC)
Characteristics of the chromosomal distributions of 18S rDNA sites in diploid genomes of cichlids
Number of genomes analyzed
Number of sites
Average per genome
Telo/acrocentric (t/a)
Meta/submetacentric (m/sm)
Proximal (p)
Interstitial (i)
Terminal (t)
Long arm (L)
Short arm (S)
Closely associated to centromeric regions (CC)
The individual analysis of the data for the two major groups studied, the African and Neotropical cichlids, revealed particular characteristics for each group (see Additional files 1 and 2; Table 1). For the 5S rDNA, the characteristics were as follows: the average number of sites per diploid genome was 3.1 and 2.3 sites in the African and Neotropical representatives, respectively; 56.8% of sites were located in t/a chromosomes, and 43.2% of sites were located in m/sm chromosomes in the African lineage; 84% of the sites were located in t/a chromosomes, and 16% of sites in m/sm chromosomes in the Neotropical cichlids; the preferential location of the sites was proximal (67.6%) in Africans and interstitial in Neotropical cichlids (76.0%); in the Africans, most of the sites were closely mapped to the centromeric region (71.9%), while for Neotropicals, the 5S rDNA was mostly mapped to the long chromosomal arms (84.0%). For the 18S rDNA, the characteristics were as follows: the average number of sites per diploid genome was 3.7 and 2.5 sites in the African and Neotropical representatives, respectively; all of the sites observed for the 18S rDNA in the African cichlids were located in the terminal regions of the short arms of t/a chromosomes (see Additional file 1; Table 2); in the Neotropical species, a more variable pattern for the position of this marker was observed with locations in both the m/sm and t/a chromosomes; the precise location was primarily in the terminal region of the short arm (see Additional file 2; Table 2).
Analysis of 5S and 18S rRNA genes in the O. niloticus genome
Comparative cytogenetic mapping of rRNA genes among cichlids
Although variations in the number of rRNA gene clusters were frequent among the cichlid groups analyzed, the presence of two clusters in homologous chromosomes was the most common condition observed in 79.0% and 63.4% of the 5S and 18S rRNA genes, respectively. Furthermore, variations in the specific chromosome positions of the rRNA genes were observed in all of the cichlid groups analyzed.
The presence of 5S rDNA clusters in the interstitial or proximal position was frequently observed here for tilapiines, haplochromines and cichlines, as has previously been observed in several other fish groups (for review, [51]). These data support the hypothesis that the presence of 5S rDNA sites that are non-terminally located could represent the ancestral condition of the chromosomal organization of 5S rRNA genes, especially in light of the distinct phylogenetic lineages and sister groups that were studied. Among other vertebrates, 5S rDNA in the interstitial position is also a typical pattern, as seen in mammals and amphibians [52, 53, 54]. In invertebrates, the location of 5S rDNA has been well studied. For example, in some Acrididae grasshoppers, most of the sites (96.6%) are located in either the proximal or the interstitial position [5]. In the African cichlid species, some clusters of 5S rDNA were observed in the proximal position closely associated with the centromere. This phenomenon was seen most commonly in the haplochromine cichlid samples, suggesting that it could be related to a specific chromosomal rearrangement in the largest m/sm chromosomal pair that occurred before the diversification of this group. In fact, it was reported that fusion processes generated this chromosome in the African cichlids, and at least one fusion occurred in haplochromines [36] (Figure 4). In contrast, the 18S rDNA clusters were mostly located at the terminal position in cichlids and in fish as a whole. Exceptions were observed in only four Cichlinae representatives belonging to distinct tribes and seem to be related to the occurrence of specific chromosomal rearrangements. Although two-color FISH for 18S and 5S rDNA was not performed, it is clear that in general, these two gene clusters are located on distinct chromosomes, as has been commonly observed in other fishes [55].
The diversity of Cichlinae species is lower than that of Pseudocrenilabrinae species, but the cytogenetic analyses have shown higher levels of chromosome variations in cichlines than in Pseudocrenilabrinae species (for review, [24, 25]). However, the comparative analysis of rDNA cluster numbers between Cichlinae and Pseudocrenilabrinae clades revealed higher levels of variation in the African cichlids, considering the number of clusters per genome. Thus, the genomic dynamics for the spreading of clusters seems to be greater in the African group. Although Cichlinae has more dynamic karyotypes possibly due to the occurrence of macro-chromosomal rearrangements, the Pseudocrenilabrinae species exhibit greater dynamism at microgenomic levels, at least with regards to rRNA genes.
The average cluster number per genome is slightly higher for 18S rDNA, and the more intense dispersion of these genes seems to be related to their common presence in the terminal regions of the chromosomes. The amplification/dispersion of rDNA segments could be mediated by extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), transposable elements and/or heterologous recombination [56, 57], which cause the origin of new loci either followed or not followed by the deletion of the original sites. Additionally, the genomic dynamism of terminal regions of the chromosomes could favor transposition events, leading to the dispersion of segments. In contrast, the interstitial and proximal chromatid environment occupied by the 5S rRNA genes seems to be a more stable chromosomal region than the terminal position, thereby avoiding major genomic changes that could generate the dispersion of these copies.
Despite the intense and particular genomic dynamics of rDNA repeats (see the next topic of discussion) that masks most of the phylogenetic relationships of taxa, some modal patterns based on the 5S rDNA chromosomal clusters of cichlids can be observed. This could indicate a common origin, with the most remarkable example being the clusters closely associated with the centromere of pair 1 in haplochromines. Additionally, the presence of one interstitial cluster in a t/a chromosome pair occurs in all Cichlinae members; this chromosome is also detected in some African species (Pseudocrenilabrinae) and in the Asian E. maculatus (Etroplinae) (Figure 4). However, the Perciformes Cichlidae sister families also include the presence of one interstitial cluster in a t/a but have other diverse patterns of 5S rDNA chromosomal cluster distributions, as observed in Haemulidae [58, 59] and Pomacentridae [60], making it difficult to identify plesiomorphic patterns.
Genomic organization of rRNA genes with a focus on Oreochromis niloticus
The extensive variation in the number and chromosomal position of rDNA clusters that was observed among the cichlids analyzed seems to be related to the intense evolutionary dynamics of repeated units of rRNA genes that generates divergent patterns of chromosomal distribution even among closely related species. Based on data from several organisms, including fish, rRNA gene families seem to evolve according to a combination of the evolutionary processes of birth-and-death and concerted evolution [6, 61], which could explain the variability observed among related taxa.
The association of rRNA genes and transposable elements observed here in the O. niloticus genome has been extensively reported among animals and plants [56, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66] and could be responsible for the chromosomal cluster variation observed. Drouin [67] shows that some of the expressed 5S rRNA genes observed in the mouse and rat genomes were derived from the retrotransposition of 5S rRNA transcripts. It seems plausible that the activity of TEs is one possible source for rRNA gene movement that could generate the spreading of rDNA clusters as was observed in the cytogenetic analysis. This is interesting because the cytogenetic mapping of rRNA genes has been frequently discussed from a phylogenetic perspective. Such assumptions should be carefully addressed because the clustering of rRNA genes seems to reflect their intense and particular evolutionary pathway and not the evolutionary history of taxa.
Contrary to the cytogenetic mapping of the rRNA genes that yielded major chromosomal clusters for these genes, the analysis of the O. niloticus genome database demonstrated only spread copies of both 5S and 18S rRNA. The data obtained suggest that genome sequencing data are not informative for clarifying the exact copy number and the correct genomic organization of repeat DNA. These results are the consequence of the exclusion of many repeated sequences prior to genomic assembly in an attempt to facilitate the assembly procedure. However, the information collected provides a perspective on rRNA gene spreading in cichlids adding new information about the organization of rDNAs, at least in O. niloticus, not based only in chromosomal analysis.
The chromosomal distribution of rRNA genes seems to reflect an intense and particular evolutionary pathway that does not follow the evolutionary history of taxa in most cases and seems to be influenced by the presence of TEs in the FRs of the rRNA genes. Additionally, the distinct patterns of organization/spreading of the two multigene families indicate distinct evolutionary forces acting in the diversification of these elements in cichlid genomes, which could reflect the association of distinct TEs. The organization of rRNA and other repeated genes has been hindered in completely sequenced genomes due to the difficulty of assembling them into a genome. Thus, the integration of cytogenetic mapping and genomic sequencing data, as reported here, leads to a better understanding of the genomic organization and evolution of repeated sequences.
The authors are grateful to TD Kocher for providing the animal samples from the African species and M Nirchio for the Geophagus surinamensis samples. This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazil.
Supplementary material
Copyright information
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
Brooklyn Dodgers
Quick View
New Home Stretch Henley
Brooklyn Dodgers$50.00
Brooklyn Dodgers
Enjoy our collection of Brooklyn Dodgers throwback apparel! The Dodgers created countless memories for fans from 1884 until the team moved in 1957, and whether you're celebrating the MLB debut of Jackie Robinson in 1947 or a Los Angeles Dodgers division title in the future, you can find Dodgers retro jerseys here and Dodgers apparel here. Rekindle the nostalgia with us at Mitchell and Ness!
Sign up for exclusives. Get 10% OFF your next order.