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ENTRY LEVEL COMPETENCE OF NURSES BY TYPE OF PROGRAM. Peggy L. Hawkins A DISSERTATION. Presented to the Faculty of
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1 ENTRY LEVEL COMPETENCE OF NURSES BY TYPE OF PROGRAM By Peggy L. Hawkins A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate college at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Administration, Curriculum and Instruction (Educational Leadership and Higher Education) Under the Supervision of Professor Sheldon Stick Lincoln, Nebraska May, 2000
2 2 ENTRY LEVEL COMPETENCE OF NURSES BY TYPE OF PROGRAM IN ONE MIDWESTERN STATE Peggy L. Jensen Hawkins, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2000 Advisor: Sheldon L. Stick Controversy has existed among nurses and nurse educators since the inception of associate degree education regarding which type of nursing education should be the accepted standard preparation for entry into nursing practice. The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine whether nursing education program type had an effect on entry level competence. Competence was measured by the pass rate on the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN ). NCLEX-RN is a high-stakes, psychometrically sound and legally defensible examination that all state boards of nursing use to measure entry level competence. Pass rate data from all nursing graduates in one Midwestern state for a five-year period were analyzed. The scores of graduates from associate degree, diploma and baccalaureate programs were compared to determine whether there were significant differences in pass rates. All data were reported in the aggregate only. No identifying information was associated with individual schools and every effort was extended to guarantee anonymity of schools. Permission to use aggregate data was obtained from the State Board of Nursing of the state under study. The data were reported as number passed and number failed for each school. These nominal data required the use of the chi square for statistical purposes. The chi square test for independence determined that there were significant
3 3 differences among the three types of programs (Χ 2 = , df = 2, ρ = ). Associate degree programs and the diploma program had higher than expected pass rates. The baccalaureate programs had a lower than expected pass rate. The chi square test for Goodness of Fit determined that the Midwestern state under study did not differ significantly from the rest of the nation (Χ 2 = 1.353, df = 1, 3983, ρ = 0.245). The pass rate for all programs in the state during the five-year period of study was 88.5%. During the same period of time the national pass rate was 87.9%. Recommendations for further study included determining causal factors for the difference in initial competence and determining whether a difference in continued competence exists in graduates from the three types of programs.
4 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT page 8 CHAPTER ONE Introduction page 11 Statement of the Problem page 11 Purpose of the Study page 12 Context of the Problem page 12 Research Questions page 13 Delimitations page 13 Limitations page 14 Significance of the Study page 15 List of Terms page 16 CHAPTER TWO A Review of Literature page 18 Historical Perspectives page 18 Background page 18 Major Differences page 21 Advantages by Type of Program page 24 Disadvantages by Type of Program page 26 Summary of Historical Perspective page 27 Philosophical Perspectives page 28 Legal Perspectives page 33
5 5 Related Research page 35 Theoretical Framework page 44 CHAPTER THREE Methodology page 48 Design page 48 Population and Sample page 48 Instrumentation page 49 Variables in the Study page 55 Data Collection page 55 Ethical Considerations page 59 CHAPTER FOUR Results page 60 Demographic Information page 60 Descriptive Statistics page 62 Inferential Statistics page 65 Hypothesis One page 65 Hypothesis Two page 67 CHAPTER FIVE Discussion and Summary page 70 Conclusions page 70 Discussion page 70 Limitations page 70 Generalizations page 71
6 6 Application to Theory page 72 Relationship to Literature page 74 Directions for Future Research page 75 Implications page 77 Summary page 79 REFERENCES page 81 APPENDICES page 91 Appendix A page 91 Appendix B page 114 Appendix C page 142
7 7 LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER TWO A Review of the Literature Table page 38 CHAPTER THREE Methodology Table page 54 Table page 56 Table page 57 Table page 58 CHAPTER FOUR Results Table page 61 Table page 63 Table page 64 Table page 65 Table page 67 Table page 68 Table page 68 Table page 69
8 8 LIST OF FIGURES CHAPTER THREE Methodology Figure page 51
9 9 INDEX OF APPENDICES Appendix A page 91 Appendix B page 114 Appendix C page 142
10 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express sincere appreciation to the faculty at the University of Nebraska for developing the distributive program in educational administration for doctoral students. The availability of courses via distance education has enabled me to realize a life long dream. I also would like to thank College of Saint Mary for the assistance and support during my pursuit of doctoral study. Others who were instrumental to my efforts include Jane Kenyon, Catherine Caffrey, Mary McClury, Cara VanDam, Sara Finney of the Nebraska Evaluation and Research Center (NEAR), the nursing faculty of College of Saint Mary, Sheila Exstrom and members of the Nebraska Board of Nursing. Finally, I acknowledge the love and support I received from my husband, Jim, and my children, Tom, Kristi and Jonathan. My family is the wind beneath my wings.
11 11 CHAPTER ONE Introduction Statement of the Problem Controversy exists within the nursing profession concerning entry level nursing educational requirements for licensure as a registered nurse. Lords (1999) described this controversy. Of the nation s roughly 2.5 million registered nurses, about 65 per cent are graduates of associate-degree programs. For (these graduates), the two-year degree is an inexpensive route to the same license that graduates of four-year programs are eligible for. But officials in associate-degree programs are angered by what they see as attempts to cut off such a path. They accuse their counterparts at four-year institutions of trying to create two classes within the ranks of registered nurses, by labeling all graduates of two-year programs technical or junior nurses, while calling baccalaureate graduates who make up about 35 per cent of the nation s registered nurses professionals. (p. A55) Lords (1999) stated that this issue of entry into practice has been a source of turmoil within the nursing community for more than four decades. In 1952, a doctoral candidate at Teachers College of Columbia University, detailed how two-year nursing programs could benefit the nation and help end a nursing shortage that lingered years after World War II. Mildred L. Montag s dissertation led to the creation of associate-degree programs at seven community colleges around the nation. Proponents of baccalaureate as entry into practice believe that the RN licensure should be eligible only to those graduates of four-year educational programs. Proponents of associate and diploma education believe that safe, competent practitioners of nursing can be educated in two- or three-year programs of study and should continue to be eligible for RN licensure. (A55-56)
12 12 Lords (1999) reported there has been no research or data to support the notion holders of baccalaureate degrees were more competent registered nurses than associate degree graduates. The closest thing to an objective measure is the profession s standardized entrance exam, the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN ). That measure has not been flattering to graduates of four-year programs, who routinely perform worse on the exam than two-year graduates do. In 1998, for example, 85 per cent of two-year graduates passed the test, compared with 84 per cent of the four-year graduates, according to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing. (A55) Because graduates of all three programs (diploma, associate and baccalaureate) must pass the same test for licensure, this study was conducted to determine whether program type significantly impacted entry-level competence, as measured by pass rates among the three educational systems within one Midwestern state. The licensing examination has established legal defensibility and is valid and reliable for testing entry-level competence (Schmidt, Yocum & White, 1998; National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 1995; National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 1991). Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study was to determine whether type of program had an effect on entry level nursing competence. Pass rate scores on the national licensure exam were used to measure nursing competence for nurses. Context of the Problem Prior to the founding of the first nursing school in 1872, nursing was learned through apprenticeships. Early nursing schools were hospital based single diplomagranting institutions. Nursing education within institutions of higher education began
13 13 in the early part of the 20 th Century. For many years hospital based and institutional nursing education co-existed. During the 1950s, at a time of nurse shortages and community college proliferation, associate degree nursing education was initiated. Graduates of all three varieties of nursing education programs became eligible for the same state licensure, and all graduates continued to take the same nationally administered examination of entry-level competence. The authority to make decisions regarding nursing regulation has historically occurred at the state level throughout the nation. Each state has had a board of nursing to regulate nursing practice and nursing education. The purpose of boards has been to protect the safety of the public. Nursing education has been regulated to ensure that graduates have been competent to give care safely to the public. To be eligible to practice nursing, a person must have graduated from a state approved school of nursing and have passed a national, high-stakes licensing exam (NCLEX-RN ). Identifying nursing program characteristics associated with high pass rates can provide vital information for boards involved in rule promulgation. Research Questions 1. Is there a significant difference in pass rates among types of nursing programs within one Midwestern state? 2. Is there a significant difference in pass rates between one Midwestern state and the nation? Delimitations The scope of the study was limited to the past five years of data from one Midwestern state s schools of nursing. The time period for study was July 1994
14 14 through June The five-year period reflected a long enough time to capture trends within the state, allowed for an adjustment period if any school made a major curriculum change and included the same dependent measurement of competence. In April of 1994 the NCLEX-RN underwent a major change in administration from paper-and-pencil to computerized, adaptive testing; however, during the period of data collection for the study the examination development remained in the same format. A passing standard change was instituted in April of 1998 that affected all candidates simultaneously. Only first-time writers of the NCLEX-RN were studied. First-time writers were used because the potential for inclusion of multiple examination results from a single candidate may have skewed results. It was assumed that first-time writers best reflected the initial competence ability of new graduates. Limitations: The ability to generalize results on the basis of this study was limited. Because the population for the study comes from one Midwestern state s schools of nursing, generalizing to other geographic areas was not appropriate. The statistical test of significance used was the chi square which has associated limitations. The chi square test has been based on theories of probability that have potential for error. The level of measurement used in the calculation of the test for significance was nominal in nature. Nominal data were limited to frequency of pass scores and frequency of fail scores. The chi square test for significance has been identified as non-parametric. Non-parametric tests are less powerful than parametric tests of significance (Polit & Hungler, 1995).
15 15 The state under study had only one diploma school of nursing. Aggregate scores for the diploma cell of the contingency table further limited the study. Although adequate numbers of graduates were obtained for analysis, the scores represent one school. Significance of the Study Controversy exists concerning what the entry-level educational requirement should be for nurses. In view of this controversy, it was important to establish whether different nursing education programs produce different pass rates. The Pew Center for the Health Professions summarized the need to study the issue. The legal authority to provide and be reimbursed for health care services is tied to state statutes generally referred to as practice acts, which establish professional scopes of practice. These practice acts, often different from state to state, are the source of considerable tension among the professions; the resulting turf battles clog legislative agendas across the country....these battles are costly and time-consuming for the professions and for the state legislators involved. The more critical problem, however, is the decision-making process itself which is distorted by campaign contributions, lobbying efforts and political power struggles. In this environment, practice act decisions may not be based on evidence regarding quality of care and the potential impact on health care costs and access. Such decisions (regarding who can competently provide what types of care) demand a more empirical foundation and a less political venue. (Finocchio, et al, 1998, on-line) Wall (1993) stated that success on licensure examinations has become increasingly important as a learning outcome index. Boards of nursing can benefit from the information derived from this study as they set policy and promulgate rules for regulating nursing education. Such benefits include providing empirical data for decision-making regarding regulation of nursing education and a summarization of the literature related to measurement of initial nursing competence.
16 16 List of Terms Competence The National Council of State Boards of Nursing defined competence as the application of the knowledge and the interpersonal, decision-making and psychomotor skills expected for the nurse s practice role, within the context of public health, welfare and safety (NCSBN, 1996, on-line). Consumers perception of competence in nursing was studied by Mann, et al, (1999). Competence was identified as the possession of knowledge, attitudes and skills necessary to meet a certain standard of practice (p.8). NCLEX-RN This acronym represents the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses in the Computerized Adaptive Testing format. It is a high stakes examination for entry level competence that must meet the standards of being legally defensible and psychometrically sound. Associate Degree Associate degree education is generally two years in duration. At the completion of the program of study the graduate receives an Associate of Science Degree in Nursing, abbreviated ASN or ADN. Baccalaureate Degree Baccalaureate degree education generally comprises four years of study. At the completion of the program, the graduate receives a Baccalaureate of Science Degree in Nursing (BSN).
17 17 Diploma Diploma education, in general, takes three years to complete. It is hospital-based and exists outside typical higher education institutions. Diplomas currently are granted in approximately 70 schools in the United States. Professional Nursing This term is derived from statutory language and for purposes of this study refers to the scope of practice for registered nurses. Professional School of Nursing This term also is derived from statutory language and refers to those schools of nursing whose graduates are eligible for the registered nurse examination. Scope of Practice This term refers to the statutory privileges and limitations of a license.
18 18 CHAPTER TWO A Review of Literature Historical Perspective Background Nursing education historically was obtained by apprenticeship. Some of the people engaged in caring for the ill before 1900 were women of ill repute (Chitty, 1997). Women without resources were recruited from the streets to assist in providing health care. Some of those women were formerly prostitutes and alcoholics. Others involved in caring for the ill in the 19 th Century were women in religious orders. Nursing care was focused on basic needs of individuals such as nutrition, cleanliness and comfort measures. Education for both groups of women was limited or nonexistent. Florence Nightingale opened the first formal school of nursing at St. Thomas Hospital, London, in 1860 (Chitty, 1997). In the United States, the first school opened in 1872 at the New England Hospital for Women and Children. It required one year of study/apprenticeship. The first graduate, Linda Richards, is described as the first trained nurse (Ellis, 1995). Schools of nursing at the turn of the century were quartered in hospitals and were single diploma granting institutions. In 1880, there were 15: by 1900, 432; by 1909, 1105 hospital-based schools (Kelly, 1992, p. 27). The first baccalaureate program was established in 1909 at the University of Minnesota under the auspices of the School of Medicine. The program of study was similar to the three-year diploma program structure (Chitty, 1997). In 1919 seven more programs were developed
19 19 within institutions of higher education. Growth in number of degree programs was slow due to the proliferation of diploma education and due to reluctance of universities to accept nursing as an academic discipline (Chitty, 1997, p. 38). The baccalaureate programs were not as well attended as the diploma schools, but slowly universities and colleges added nursing programs to their curricula (Ellis & Hartley, 1995; Kelly, 1992). Ellis stated the reason for the slow growth of baccalaureate education. Although the development of baccalaureate education for nurses may not seem like a major step...it was not until 1920 that the 19 th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States granted women the right to vote. Many individuals considered nursing to be a less than desirable occupation, vocational in its orientation, overshadowed by militaristic and technical aspects, and confined to women. A liberal education, scholarship, and knowledge were thought to be incompatible with the female personality and possibly posed problems for marriage later. The nursing curriculum, with its emphasis on performance of skills rather than the philosophical and theoretical approaches used in the humanities, was not well accepted by universities. Opposition to collegiate education for nurses also came from physicians who argued that nurses would be overtrained. (p. 59) Despite these obstacles to the development and proliferation of nursing education, continual growth was dictated by society s need for the discipline. During World War II, the U.S. faced a desperate need for more nurses. This need led to the establishment of a one-year course of study called practical nursing. The graduates were expected to be well enough educated to assist registered nurses. Originally the intent was that practical nurses would be a temporary educational product for the duration of the war years. However, even in peace-time practical nurses continued to fill a need, and programs for practical level nursing education
20 20 continued to proliferate (Chitty, 1997). Ellis (1995) stated that society had a critical need for people who had some nursing skills, but, more importantly, who could be prepared quickly (p. 51). The success of the practical schools of nursing was followed by the establishment of a new educational program, conceptualized in 1952, the two-year associate degree program for professional nursing. The curriculum was developed with the assumption associate degree graduates could be professional nurses who would work at the bedside in direct care of clients who were diagnosed with commonly occurring ailments with predictable outcomes. Courses required in baccalaureate programs, such as Management and Community Health, were not included in associate program curricula because of time constraints. These associate programs emerged during the 1950s, when there was an insurgence into the workforce by women, a growth of the community college concept and a nationwide nursing shortage. Associate degree nursing programs flourished because of the disadvantages of the other two types of programs, cost, setting and length of study. The graduates of associate degree programs were eligible for licensure as Registered Nurses according to state requirements. These graduates took the same licensing examination as diploma and baccalaureate program graduates, because the curricula met the same state statutes for licensure (Chitty, 1997; Catalano, 1996; Kelly 1992). One state, North Dakota, made a change in regulations in 1987 that differentiated educational requirements. All other jurisdictions have not stipulated statutory or regulatory differences among the types of nursing education (Ellis & Hartley, 1995).
21 21 The establishment of associate degree educational programs answered multiple workforce issues and needs. A problem resulted, however, when employers did not engage these graduates in limited roles, as the educators had intended. Instead, facility administrators allowed and encouraged employment of associate degree graduates in the same functions as diploma and baccalaureate nurses because of availability and need. The sole exception was in community health nursing. There, baccalaureate nurses were selected for employment in preference to graduates of other programs (Lindeman, 1990). The rationale for this was that community health concepts were generally not taught in associate degree programs. Major Differences A major difference between BSN, ASN, and Diploma programs has been length of study. In the baccalaureate programs, most degree candidates study at least four years. The first two years of the curricula tend to concentrate heavily on sciences and support courses. The associate programs were designed to be completed in a two-year time span. During these two years, sciences and nursing courses are offered simultaneously. Because this is a difficult program of study, some students in associate programs opt to extend their programs to two and a half or three years of part-time study by taking some sciences first and nursing courses during the later two years. Diploma education has consisted of one to three years of study. The first year tends to include science and support courses but may include contact with clients early in the program (Zerwekh & Claborn, 1997). Students enroll in programs that best meet learning needs, life style choices and resources.
22 22 Institutional settings in which the programs are located has been another difference. Baccalaureate programs are offered through four-year institutions of higher education, including universities and liberal arts colleges both large and small. Associate programs are found in universities or four-year colleges, but most are located in community college settings. Because community colleges are located in rural as well as urban areas, associate degree nursing programs are accessible to individuals who typically might not pursue a four-year course of study. Diploma education takes place in a hospital school of nursing. This type of program may be under the direction of the hospital or incorporated independently (Zerwekh & Claborn, 1997, p. 85). These three types of nursing education also exhibit differences in curriculum requirements. Although each has nursing courses, support courses, sciences and general education requirements, the type and sequencing has been different. Regarding nursing courses, each type includes an introductory or fundamentals course and a course that addresses the issues in nursing, as well as a variety of courses that teach about various client problems and how to apply the nursing process. Yet, based on the philosophy of the respective faculties, content within like courses may vary significantly. Many baccalaureate programs focus on health, wellness and prevention as well as illness. Associate degree programs, due to philosophy of the faculty and time constraints, focus as a rule on illness and illness prevention (Deloughery,1991; Zerwekh & Claborn, 1997; Catalano, 2000). Diploma education has its focus on early and ongoing opportunity to be in contact with clients and other health care personnel (Zerwekh & Claborn, 1997, p. 86).
23 23 In addition to the nursing courses offered in common with diploma and ASN programs, baccalaureate programs also teach nursing management, nursing research and community nursing. Associate degree programs usually do not teach entire courses on management, research and community due to time constraints. Concepts from those areas tend to be given minimal treatment while being integrated into existing courses. Diploma education includes beginning supervisory or management content. All three programs require study of selected sciences however, associate degree programs require fewer courses, credits and labs in science. The basic sciences for each include anatomy, physiology, and chemistry. Courses more typically found in baccalaureate programs include pathophysiology, microbiology, chemistry labs, anatomy labs, and nutrition science. The associate student takes all science courses concurrently with the nursing major, while the baccalaureate student takes science courses pre-requisite to nursing courses as well as concurrent sciences. Historically diploma education science courses did not confer college credit. Students interested in furthering their nursing education would naturally be discouraged by the lack of transferability of the diploma education program (Zerwekh & Claborn, 1997, p. 85). Graduates were given a diploma, not an academic degree (Catalano, 1996, p. 70). Support courses might include such offerings as psychology, sociology and pharmacology for each type of program. Baccalaureate programs, however, may require specialized courses such as abnormal psychology, epidemiology, and/or statistics.
24 24 General education requirements vary among baccalaureate, diploma, and associate programs, depending upon the institutions in which they are housed (Deloughery, 1991; Zerwekh and Claborn, 1997). For instance, in a religiously affiliated school, without regard to whether it houses an associate or baccalaureate program, ethics and theology generally will be required. English, however, commonly is required by each type of program, but courses in history, management, leadership, sociology, mathematics and psychology depend upon the nature of the educational program. Advantages by Type of Program Baccalaureate education. The baccalaureate programs longer courses of study provide advantages. The baccalaureate student can assimilate a wider variety of abstract concepts over a longer period of time than associate and diploma education. Baccalaureate programs also require high level course work in such subjects as research, management, theories and leadership that is limited or non-existent in associate degree programs. The additional educational foundation in the baccalaureate curricula provides the basis for nursing beyond direct care of individuals to include care of families, groups and community. Graduates of BSN programs, after short periods of time at the staff nurse level, can move into management positions because of clinical and theoretical concepts experienced as undergraduates. Their professional careers have greater opportunity for advancement into leadership positions because of the extra course work completed. BSN graduates have the foundation for advanced study.
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Spiritual Mentoring: The "I-Know" Mind
The "I-know" mind is a huge topic.
If you think you know all there is to know about a person or topic, then the mind is closed. That is all you will look for. You are shut off from receiving intuitive information.
You will not receive any more understanding about the world, about others, about your self because you have decided you know. You have decided they or it is a certain way and that is the way it is for you.
Consider noticing your "I-know" mind. Consider noticing the lens you place in front of what is happening in this moment by standing back from assumptions. Just be. Just look. Just experience. So much more will be revealed to you when you do.
This is another wee post on a mentoring topic. If you need assistance with seeing the lenses you place in front of your mind about your self or others or things of the world, that is the role I serve as a mentor.
Peace to you.
Read transcript:
Hello. I am Ellen Sutherland and here we are, being spiritual.
The "I-know" mind. The "I-know" mind is talked about in spiritual circles. If you are new to this (spirituality), it will likely sound strange, and if you are in spiritual circles, this will be "old hat." "Old hat" is a dangerous state to put your self in. Because that means you think you know. You are in "I-know" mind.
If you think you know about a topic, then the mind is closed, and you cannot receive inner help or for those of you that do not believe in inner help, you cannot receive intuitive information. You cannot receive any more understanding in the world, in the situations in the world, because you have decided it is a certain way and that's the way it is (for you.) that is the way it looks to you.
The "I-know" mind is a huge topic. It really is something I work with a lot. I work with it in myself, in my relationship here in my home…in my relationship with my family.
We learn something and it is a quality or the way of mind that when it learns something it keeps that data, (or situation) encapsulated in an understanding. So, a tree looks like that – I am looking out the window at one. It also looks like a Christmas tree and also looks like a palm tree does. We have all this data in our minds that recognizes what a tree is. We actually do the same sort of thing with everything. A chair looks like this and we have a variety of expressions of what a chair is or a couch, a carpet, or a house. We can have many varieties of something but we recognize what they are and we have a whole story about them – what that means (to us).
We do that same thing most particularly with people. Our family members, most specifically our personal relationships, our friendships, that whole group that we know, we have past information about. When you walk up to your mom or your sister or your beloved partner, when you walk up to them, the whole story from your "I-know" mind, that whole story looks at them and has all this data and memory. It looks at them and says, "You are this." There you go. There is your "I-know" mind at work.
I would just like you to think about how that way of being can trip you up in spiritual life. How can you be unconditional with someone, how can you even move toward unconditional love –and I know that you may feel that is way down the road for most of us – to be totally, absolutely love, yet we are moving toward it, and want to move toward it. How can you be that with someone you have decided did this to you, is like this, only thinks this way, only does this. Each idea you hold of a person, then boxes them in in your "I-know" mind.
I do a lot of work with my self and others around "I-know" mind because it is the major thing that trips up people other than forgiveness. It is the major thing that trips us up. If you decide that you know something, if you decide that something is the way you think it is you are boxed in. Sit down and listen to the news, for example, from front end to back end…international and local news, sports, even the weather…you will see that you hold all sorts of concepts for all those details. They are impersonal details. They are not about your life. They are about your world. They are about your weather. They are about your sports…sports may be a big deal to you. They are about your local news and local politics. They are not your personal world, yet you hold all sorts of very specific understandings/beliefs about them. That is a lens that is so "normal" and held through "I-know" mind, so "normal" that you do not even notice it is there. I invite you to notice and my work is, what I do in mentoring is to help you take that lens off and lay it down as many times as possible. It just automatically comes back up as a quality of our mind. It is the way our mind works.
Still and all, the learning to take that lens of "I-know" mind off – "I know who you are mom. I've known you for all these years. You are a certain way and you act a certain (predictable) way. If I say this, you will do that." That is what "I-know" mind does. If you want to open your heart to mom, if you want to see her differently, you need to take that lens off, lay it down and open your heart without judging her without thinking you know who she is and just speak from your heart to her. Extend love to her. It is an amazing experience and really fun. Wow. Doing this you discover who people are. (You discover) people you boxed in. Thy never showing that side of them, because on some level they know you cannot see them, even if they were brave enough to be love.) Take that lens off. (Doing so) you open your heart, you stop assuming you know what is going to happen, and your world changes.
Consider it. If you cannot work it out for yourself, give me a call and talk to me. I am very happy to do some sessions with you, even if you do not want long term mentoring. We will work out some of this "I-know" mind stuff from all of the issues that comes about.
Peace to you.


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Karen Sypher has gone from a defendant to a beverage. Blackmail Ale, which included a photo of Sypher, won a blue ribbon at the Kentucky State Fair in the humor/satirical division.
Sypher was convicted of extortion and lying to the FBI. She was trying to get money from Louisville basketball coach Rick Pitino after the two had a sexual encounter.
Reid Cherner has been with USA TODAY since 1982 and written Game On! since March 2008.
He has covered everything from high schools to horse racing to the college and the pros. The only thing he likes more than his own voice is the sound of readers telling him when he's right and wrong.
Michael Hiestand has covered sports media and marketing for USA TODAY, tackling the sports biz ranging from what's behind mega-events such as the Olympics and Super Bowl to the sometimes-hidden numbers behind the sports world's bottom line.


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HEREFORDSHIRE is recovering from the heavy winds and rain that battered the county on Wednesday and Thursday - but there could be more to come.
More rain and strong winds are predicted across the West Midlands for Saturday posing a 'risk of further disruption', according to the Met Office.
Emergency services were called to several incidents involving fallen trees and flooding across the two days, with police responding to calls across 30 different areas in Herefordshire.
South Wye police in Hereford helped clear trees that fell on Holme Lacy Road in Hereford, outside the Royal Oak Inn in Much Marcle, on the A465 near Pontrilas, the B4348 Much Dewchurch, and the A49 Peterstow.
Firefighters helped rescue a motorist from his car which was stranded in flood water along the B3461 at Luston shortly after 7pm, and both police and firefighters were called to help a number of other drivers who had become trapped in flood water.
The River Wye burst its banks earlier today near the Victoria Bridge, meaning one path is closed on the north side of the river.
The Met Office has said that weather across the West Midlands on Saturday will see a 'bright, frosty start with fog slow to clear in places. Turning cloudy, with rain, heavy at times, and strong winds arriving after midday, giving a risk of further disruption.'


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- Average
- Main course: 10€
- Food spend: 15€
* Wir sind meist ab 18 Uhr zum essen verabredet * eine Fuhre Mist * es schmeckt alles
11 April 2013
from Mistelbach
In this popular XXL Restaurant Leopoldauer Alm in Vienna, generously-portioned dishes are served at good value prices. Prepared fresh and with a touch of passion, begin with a starter of escargots, baked with Alpine cheese and herb butter. Next, tuck into spare ribs, available in three sizes from 400g to 1.2kg. This restaurant in Vienna accompanies its generous sizes with roast potatoes and delicious sauces. On the menu at Leopoldauer Alm don't overlook the plate of grilled fish with pike perch fillet, baked calamari, black tiger prawns and seasonal seafood.
The XXL Restaurant has an age-old restaurant vibe, making feasting that bit more fun. The Leopoldauer Alm's own giant grill and waterfall add to the experience and draw the guests in time after time.
From the U-Bahn station Aderklaaer Strasse it is around 7 minutes to Leopoldauer Alm on foot. Not far from the restaurant you'll find the Wien-Süssenbrunn golf club and the Ingeborg Bachmann Park.
Leopoldauer Alm
Wagramerstraße 205, 1210, Wien
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((((( 11 April 2013 by Eylaa from Mistelbach
* Wir sind meist ab 18 Uhr zum essen verabredet * eine Fuhre Mist * es schmeckt alles
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There are 80 guest rooms at this establishment. The premises are air-conditioned and guests are welcomed in a lobby with 24-hour reception service. Facilities include a hotel safe, cloakroom and lift access. Furthermore, there is a newspaper stand, breakfast room and room service at guests' disposal. High-speed wired and wireless Internet access is complimentary. A 24-hour business centre is on site and conference facilities are available to business travellers. The hotel also offers laundry facilities, a grocery/convenience store and self parking. Onsite parking is complimentary.
Among the tranquil pine forests of East Texas, visitors will find the perfect place for a fun-filled getaway or relaxing corporate retreat at the hotel. The historic Old Town, located just two blocks from downtown and minutes from the hotel is where southern hospitality meets western charm.
The hotel offers 80 air-conditioned accommodations with coffee/tea makers and hairdryers. Each room has an en suite bathroom with a shower and a bath. Guests can enjoy a good night's rest on their king-size bed and surf the web using the complimentary wired and wireless high-speed Internet access. Additionally, rooms include a direct dial telephone, satellite/cable TV, radio, hifi, irons/ironing boards and clock radios. There is also a microwave for added convenience. Individually regulated heating is a further standard feature in all accommodation.
Recreational amenities at the hotel include an indoor heated swimming pool and a gym. Guests can also relax on sun loungers.
Guests are offered a complimentary hot and cold buffet breakfast.
The hotel accepts all major credit cards including American Express, MasterCard and VISA.
From the north and the west: take I-35E south to Highway 287 South to Palestine, and go south on Loop 256 to the hotel, located past Range Road. From the east: take Highway 84 West to Loop 256 South to the hotel. From the south: take Highway 79 to TX 265 Loop east to the hotel.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
HiFi stereo system
Internet access
Mini fridge
Tea Coffee
Iron and board
King size bed
Individual airconditioned
Individual heating
Wheelchair accessible


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Response to Article Hard Rock Goes To … Alderney
"When the Rank organisation applied for an online licence to operate the branded Hardrockcasino.com gaming site from the Isle of Man the organisation as others were in full knowledge of the provisions of the Online Gambling Regulation Act 2001 and its associated regulations. To date this legislation has not been amended.
The two core concerns of players within the internet environment was and remains that a)the games could be so rigged to avoid pay out and, b) payments to players of their winnings would be met.
These are and will remain the two core elements of the player protection legislation for persons playing within the site of an Isle of Man licenceholder a commodity that one would expect in any regulated terrestrial casino environment.
In the case of a) the games are independently tested and b) a £2M bond is required to ensure that players receive their correct winnings if the licenceholder were to close for whatever reason.
Therefore, in order for this dedicated Isle of Man bond to be rightfully returned to the licenceholder all player accounts held by an Isle of Man entity are required to be returned prior to closure. This is because, we as a jurisdiction, cannot confirm similar player protection exist on transfer to any another jurisdiction, player protection that the registrants will have been aware of on registration from an operation within this jurisdiction
I fully concur with your comment in that the reasons that Hardrockcasino.com are to relocate are entirely different to the decisions reached by both Casino Atlantis and MGM Mirage and the true reasoning may well become apparent in the course of time.
Despite recent setbacks in this variant of the gambling industry, the Isle of Man remains fully committed in this consolidating industry and is more than well placed legislatively and geographically with a sound and resilient telecommunication infrastructure for this industry to continue to develop through the next phase of evolution in a safe and secure manner.
Online gaming is only the latest facet of an established gambling industry both terrestrially and interactively available in and from the island. We are presently witnessing much interest in online betting operations of which two known branded operations have recently been licensed and will commence operations from the island shortly.
Derek P Cannon
Gaming Inspector,
Isle of Man Gambling Control Commissioners"


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United Hatzalah
United Hatzalah medic killed while responding to emergency callEffi Gadassi, a volunteer first-responder for United Hatzalah, hit by taxi while en route to medical emergency in Jerusalem.
Worker electrocuted in JerusalemWorker falls off ladder, gets electrocuted, while working on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.
'What's most important is saving the patient'Medics from 'competing' organizations work together in brotherhood.
'I never imagined I'd be helping my sister's baby'Newly trained EMT responds to first call, saves own nephew.
70 year old woman killed in Afula house fireSenior citizen succumbs In apartment fire in Afula. 11 injured in Bnei Brak fire.
Disabled passengers trapped inside burning carUnited Hatzalah team rescues disabled passengers from vehicle on Jerusalem-Tel Aviv highway
EMT saves mom and son within two days of each otherUnited Hatzalah EMT saves mother, son, in two separate incidents over two days.
Why EMS volunteers never call it quitsEMS volunteer refuses to give up on woman in cardiac arrest and saves her life.
MDA to cut services in Judea/Samaria - Hatzalah to fill inMDA has announced that it will greatly reduce its service to communities in Judea and Samaria. Hatzalah has said it would fill in the gap.
Hassan Nasrallah - Israeli lifesaver?His infamous namesake notwithstanding, Arab Israeli has chosen to dedicate his life to saving the lives of others as an Israeli EMT.
Gush Etzion medics treat Arab injured in car crashTwo United Hatzalah medics treated an Arab who was injured in a traffic accident near Gush Etzion.
How United Hatzalah responds to a mass casualty incidentThe United Hatzalah EMS psychotrauma unit responded to two major incidents over the course of 72 hours.
Hatzalah marks 30 years of saving livesHatzalah thanks thousands of volunteers with 30th anniversary event featuring Jerusalem Mayor, performances by Avraham Fried and Ishay Ribo.
'He went to sleep - but never woke up'Tragedy in the capital: Jerusalem toddler passes away in his sleep.
Snake bites man cleaning his backyard36-year-old from region west of Jerusalem evacuated to hospital in moderate condition, after being bitten by a poisonous snake in his yard.
How haredi kids are dealing with terror on PurimFirst-responder medic costumes are in highest demand in haredi areas, as children dress up as 'superheroes' saving victims' lives.
Watch: Arab clothing and Jewish Tzitzit in DubaiWhy was United Hatzalah's president walking around the streets of Dubai dressed in Arabic and Jewish clothing?
Bus stop collapses in Jerusalem during rush hour, injuring fourTruck hits bus stop causing it to collapse on top of rush hour commuters. Bus picked up group of school children moments earlier.
Rabbi Kanievsky instructs paramedics: Don't save terroristsIn meeting with heads of United Hatzalah, leading haredi rabbi says that if it is clear who the terrorist is, don't save him.
Defibrillators desperately needed to 'save the pulse' in Israel30,000 Israelis are affected by heart attacks annually; United Hatzalah needs your help to save lives.
Medic in Jerusalem: 'We Saw Bloody Tzitzit'Local business owner and volunteer medic Hezi Roth was horrified to see bodies across the road after Tuesday's car attack.
Two Children in Serious Condition After Being Left in Hot Car3 and 5 year-old boys in critical and serious condition after being found in a car outside Beit Shemesh.
Fried, Shwekey to Star in United Hatzalah Benefit ConcertTickets now on sale for Oct. 1 show at Jerusalem International Convention Center, featuring two of the biggest names in Jewish music.
11-Year-Old Falls to His Death From School Roof in JerusalemTragedy strikes the capital as boy enters school to play with friends on the roof only to fall down stairway shaft.
Chandelier Accident Kills 1, Injures 21Light fixture crashes to the floor in crowded events hall last night in Yavneh, killing a 50 year-old woman and injuring fellow attendees.
Nepal: Unprecedented Relief Effort 'Shows Israel's True Face'Israel medical NGOs embark on unprecedented joint-mission to earthquake-struck Nepal; 'This is tikkun olam at its best.'
United Hatzalah: Bigger Funerals Have Been Held Without IncidentUnited Hatzalah notes vital role of ambucycles in funeral trampling, says incident should not have happened in the 'safe environment.'
How to Beat an Ambulance to an EmergencyUnited Hatzalah head tells how Israelis' volunteering spirit is so crucial to the success of his organization's life-saving work.
Watch: Beating Ambulances to Save LivesUnited Hatzalah recognized at AIPAC for revolutionizing emergency medical care, reaching astounding 3 minute response time.
United Hatzalah Raises Readiness in NorthEmergency readiness levels for rescue units in the Carmel, Asher, Galilee and Golan regions are up.
Watch: United Hatzalah's Ambucycle ChanukiahSpecial hannukaiah lights up Schneider's Children's Hospital in whimsical, emotional ceremony.
MK Maklev: Let Hatzalah Aid Members Carry GunsMK Uri Maklev (UTJ) said Sunday that volunteers of the United Hatzalah emergency rescue organization should be allowed to carry weapons.
Motorcycles and a Song for One Brave ChildNew "ambucycle" dedicated to seven-year-old Raphael Assoulin, who is battling cancer for the second time in his young life.
Sukkah Building Tragedy: Man Falls and Dies in Modi'in IllitA man in his 30s fell from his balcony in Modi'in Illit. He was taken to the hospital in critical condition and died of his injuries.
Baby Boom: Record Number of Women Give Birth on Rosh HashanahOver four times as many women give birth at Bnei Brak's Maayanei Yeshua hospital during Jewish New Year than annual average.
Body 'Fitting Aharon Soffer's Description' Found in JerusalemUncorroborated reports say the body is indeed Soffer's, as rescue effort teams mourn 'tragic ending.'
United Hatzalah Develops 'Anti-Kidnap' App'SO' app developed in response to abduction of three Israeli teens, provides police with coordinates to allow rapid response.
United Hatzalah Honors Pope With 'Ambucycle' DedicationUnited Hatzalah head Eli Beer gave Pope Francis a miniature silver 'ambucycle,' and dedicated a real one in his honor.
Giant Snake Bites 70-Year-Old ManSix-and-a-half foot long snake bites elderly man in moshav west of Jerusalem, medics transfer him to hospital.
Groom Undaunted by Deep Cut Breaking GlassTragedy under a Tel Aviv chuppah as groom cut breaking glass according to Jewish tradition; decides to keep celebrating.
Infant Wounded in Jerusalem Rock AttackInfant left with light injuries by stones thrown at bus in Givat Ze'ev neighborhood, police searching for perpetrators.
Miracle in Jerusalem: Infant Survives 3-Story FallA window screen and tree combine to save 3-year-old from potentially fatal fall, in what medics call 'an open miracle.'
Passover Concert to Honor United Hatzalah MedicsEli Beer discusses how his teenage experiences in Jerusalem inspired him to found the volunteer group that save lives.
Meet United Hatzalah's Youngest VolunteerFor six-year-old cancer patient Rafael Asulin, Purim was chance to realize his dream of saving lives like his dad.
Baby Killed in Jerusalem FireOne-year old dies in apartment fire in Geulah neighborhood, death pronounced after rushed to hospital.
Car Crash Rescuers Hail Family's 'Miraculous' EscapeHorrendous accident as cars trapped between two buses, victims were returning from family wedding.
United Hatzalah Head Tells TED Crowd About Israeli LifesaversEli Beer got into the life-saving business after witnessing a terror attack - and invented the 'ambucycle' to reach patients more quickly.


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Volvo EC300 Excavator - GPS Enabled Hire
- Title
- Volvo EC300 Excavator - GPS Enabled
- Make
- Volvo
- Model
- Condition
- Excellent
- Number in Fleet
- 1
GPS ENABLED – All V Rents Excavators (14t – 35t) are pre-wired to increase productivity, accuracy and profits with Topcon's easy-to-use GNSS based 3D Excavator indicate system. For more information click here.
Operate with increased power and digging force in Volvo's EC300. With faster cycle times and greater productivity, these machines will help you to get the job done faster. Whether you work in the quarry, road construction, site preparation or any other application, you'll experience high performance from these powerful machines.
Product Description
Experience increased power and digging force as well as faster cycle times for greater productivity. Compared to the previous model, hydraulic pump flow has improved by 5% while digging force, swing torque and tractive force have increased by 3-5%. In the EC300, engine power has increased by 11%.
For maximum durability and reliability, the boom and arm have been reinforced in critical areas to equally distribute mechanical stresses and handle the increased working power of these machines.
New electro-hydraulic system and main control valve (MCV) use intelligent technology to control on-demand flow and reduce internal losses in the hydraulic circuit. This provides increased controllability, shorter cycle times and improved fuel efficiency.
Both grading and combined operations have been improved thanks to Volvo's smart hydraulic system which increases controllability. Benefit from smoother and easier movement when traveling and lifting simultaneously as well as better grading quality from the harmonized boom and arm movement.
Key Features
• Volvo D7 engine
• Auto engine shutdown
• Fuel consumption dispay
• Work modes
• ECO mode
• I-ECU monitor
• Climate control system
• Roll over protective structure – ROPS
• Rearview camera
• Cooling system
• Extra water separator
• Electrical distribution box
• Air compressor
• Service access
• Comprehensive range of attachments
VRents - Pooraka, SA
- Address
881 Main North Road
- Phone
- 0884231065
- Website
- http://vrents.com.au


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Guinness Brewers Project - Antwerp Stout Coming to The U.S.
04 July 2016
Today we get to see another new Brewers Project beer coming to the U.S. from Guinness in St. James Gate, Ireland. Originally a Belgium-only export stout (1944)
, this "rich and robust" beer will be package din 11.2oz bottles for U.S. distribution. Look for Antwerp Stout to hit 8%-AbV.


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God of War Ascension Sales Show Gamers Demand Better
God of War Ascenions' disappointing sales figures show gamers demand more, while Lara Croft.
Tomb Raider sit at the top of the sales chart after genuinely renovating the series.
Kratos isn't happy with God of War Ascensions sales figures. The game sold half of that of its predecessor. But then, given that Ascension did so little to innovate the series, and offered gamer's next to nothing new, surely it's got just what it deserved.
Gamers are demanding more creativity from games developers. The gaming world is fed-up with cheaply produced sequels and spin-offs that seem to only want quick profit in exchange for little work.
While games developers are naturally reluctant to spend too much on risky innovation, given the serious decline in video games sales figures, their approaching the problem from the wrong angle. It isn't enough expect gamers to fork out the hefty sum that console games ask without giving them a genuinely new and exciting gaming experience.
Games developers need to recognise that gamers want new games. That much has been proven by the success of Tomb Raider, which actually did revamp its series and is now sitting pretty at the top of the sales charts.
If you're a gamer and are sick of the same-old sequels and spin-offs, share this page on Facebook and Twitter and let games developers know you demand better.


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What is Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering?
Chemical engineering is a broad and versatile discipline in which chemical engineers work with the development and application of processes that change materials either chemically or physically. This branch of engineering was originally based on the applications of chemistry combined with the principles of physics and mathematics. Over time, and with increasing speed, it has evolved so that biological sciences and chemistry now fill the position once uniquely held by chemistry. This evolution led the School to add "biomolecular" to its official name in 2003. Revised undergraduate and graduate curricula reflect and support the diversification of the discipline.
Chemical engineers use their knowledge to manipulate molecular properties of matter, and they integrate product and process design, process control, and optimization. Economics and business principles also play an important role in chemical engineering, for it is the chemical engineer who develops economical and environmentally safe applications of discoveries made in the laboratory.
Chemical engineers play a key role in a multitude of industries, including microelectronics, oil and gas, chemical and petrochemical, pharmaceuticals, pulp and paper, food, textiles, and personal products. Chemical engineers have to be viewed as having provided the intellectual capital that built today's global energy and chemical enterprises. Some of the products they have generated are ubiquitous throughout modern society: recording media, communications hardware, detergents, medical devices, glasses, paper, fibers, fertilizers, prescription and over-the-counter medicines, paints, adhesives, food additives, and countless other inventions that are often taken for granted.
Learn More
Chemical Engineers in Action: Site from the American institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) showing how chemical engineers make a difference.
AIChE's main site also provides useful information about what chemical engineers do.


text: This hairstyle is used by Natsu and can be equipped to created characters. It resembles something like the tails on multi-tailed fox demon. the scrunched ponytail hairstyle on Natsu Retrieved from "http://soulcalibur.wikia.com/wiki/Scrunched_Ponytail?oldid=129788" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Hairstyles Natsu Soulcalibur V


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Results 1 - 4 of 4 matches
The return of the legendary Orange 8x10" bass cabinet originally made in very small numbers during the 1970s.
Side-ported for optimal bass response, this cabinet is loaded with one Eminence 15" speaker for balanced tone...
Loaded with four Eminence 10" speakers and horn.
Our product catalog varies by country due to manufacturer restrictions. If you change the Ship-To country, some or all of the items in your cart may not ship to the new destination.


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We know that you've got questions – and we've got answers! Check out the list of frequently asked questions below to make your contest experience more smooth. Is your question not listed below? Contact us and we will get back to you as soon as possible with an answer.
1. Who is eligible for the contest?
a. All classes of Grade 8/Secondary 2 students in Canada are eligible to enter the contest. Split level classes are allowed as long as there are grade 8/secondary 2 students in the class.
2. What is Secondary 2?
a. Secondary 2 is the Quebec equivalent of Grade 8. It is NOT high school.
3. What are the national parks, national historic sites and national marine conservation areas that our class can pick from?
a. You can select any of the 222 Parks Canada Places. You can find all of them on the Parks Canada website. You cannot select a provincial or territorial park, or a historic site not managed by Parks Canada so please double check that your site is eligible before you start your video.
4. What do we do if we don't live near a Parks Canada place?
a. 100% okay. You do not need to visit your selected Parks Canada place in order to tell its story. Do some research and get creative!
5. Where can we find help to create our video?
a. Check out our tips and tricks page. There are lots of great links on there to get you started.
6. Can our teacher help us at all?
a. Yes, your teacher can assist you. We want to make sure that students are doing the majority of the work — it's your prize after all! Your teacher knows what student driven means and can use their best judgment to determine how much help they can give.
7. We are a split-level class. Can we still participate?
a. As long as you live in Canada and some of the students in your class are in grade 8 / Secondary 2 you are eligible to participate.
8. How do I upload my video?
a. Once you've registered, you will receive an email with a unique url to upload the video. Click on the link and follow the on screen directions.
9. We live in a small community, how can we compete in the voting with classes from bigger cities?
a. Every year we are asked this question, and without fail, small communities come out on top in the voting portion. It's not about how big you are, its how much noise you make! Get out into your community, try to get on the radio or in the newspaper, call up distant relatives and reach out on social media. You will be amazed with what you can accomplish!
10. How do you make sure that online voting is fair?
a. The contest partners do our very best to ensure that voting is fair and equal to all participating classrooms. Every time a vote is casted that email address is verified to be true. If email addresses are used incorrectly, we remove all votes made with that email address.
11. If we win, who takes care of permission forms and all the other documentation that we need to travel?
a. Members of the My Parks Pass team will be in contact with the winning class' teacher or principal to send all of the necessary permission forms. Ample time will be given to complete these forms and return them before the travel dates.
Still have questions? Don't hesitate to contact us to clarify anything — we are here to help!


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Eva Longoria Eduardo Cruz
January 20, 2012 by staff
Eva Longoria Eduardo Cruz, They're like totally in lurrve!! Nothing says two hearts beating as one like going shopping for cookbooks together!! LOL!!
Eva Longoria and Eduardo Cruz were seen shopping in Barnes & Noble at The Grove on Wednesday.
It's been a bit chillier here in El Lay, but these two are clearly keeping each other warm. Aww.. isn't that just precious.
We wonder which cookbook they bought!!
Stay tuned… they're probably be at The Grove again before the month's over, ha!!
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.


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by Zsuzsanna Anderson of Are They All Yours? - The Benefits and Pitfalls of SchedulingHaving older children is a great asset for many reasons:They help set a pattern: When you have two parents and four older children all following a consistent schedule, the younger ones simply fall in line themselves, assuming it's just the way things are. … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Benefits of Having Older Children?
August 23, 2013 by Suzanne Calulu
Filed Under: Are They All Yours - Zsuzsanna Anderson, Bible Interpretation, Biblical Culture, Biblical Manhood & Womanhood, Big Happy Family Vision, Botkin Syndrome, Boundaries, Bounded Choice, Buddy System, Child Labor, Child Training, Chores, Chores, Chores!, Coercive Religious Groups (Cults), Complimentarianism, Control, Controlling Emotions & being cheerful always, Controlling Others, Cultural vs. Normative, Daily Bible Reading, Demonic Influences, Dominionism / Christian Reconstruction, Drinking the Koolaid, Educational Neglect, Elitism, Emotional Incest, Enmeshment, Father Worship, Fear Based Theology, Fear of Hell, Formulaic Religion, Fruit of the Spirit, Fundamentalism, Group Think, Honoring Parents, Hot Topics, Independent Fundamental Baptist Churches (IFB), Instant, Joyous, Obedience, Isolation, Issues, J.O.Y (Self Denial), Judgementalism, Jurisdictions, Kobayashi Maru ~ The No-Win Scenario, Learned Helplessness, Legalism, Maintaining Appearances, Mandatory Happiness, Manipulation, Markers of a Cult, Marketing "Biblical Family Values", Mental / Emotional Health, More from NLQ ..., Motherhood, NLQ Miscellany, NLQ Open Comments, Non-Evangelical Christians, Parentification of Children, Parenting, Patriarchy, Perfectionism, Personal Autonomy, Proverbs 31 Woman, Public Schools, Quiverfull, Quiverfull & the Bible, Quiverfull Blogs, Quiverfull Counterculture, Quiverfull Discernment, Quiverfull in the News, Quiverfull Leaders, Quiverfull Ministries, Quiverfull Topics, Quoting Quiverfull, Religious Trauma Syndrome, Self Esteem, Self-Abnegation / Martydom, Self-Righteousness, Spiritual Abuse, Spiritual Abuse & Recovery, Spiritual Issues, Steve L Anderson, Submission, The "World", The Godly Woman, The Myth of Teenage Rebellion Tagged With: Accountability, Child Labor, Children chores, Parentification of Children, parenting


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Bredahl carries on family conservation tradition in Pierce County
TOWN OF CLIFTON--Signs of being conservation-minded are evident around Randy Bredahl's farm.
There have been such signs at the farm along CTH FF in the Town of Clifton for a long time. One of the dams at the place dates back to 1936, said Bredahl, who was named this year's Outstanding Conservation Farmer by the Ellsworth Lions Club and Pierce County Land Conservation Department.
"My dad had a conservation plan," he said, referring to the late Raymond Bredahl. He took over his family's farming operation in 1976 from his father and late mother, Lorraine; he has a sister, Carol, now in Minneapolis, and three brothers, Darwin and Wayne in River Falls, and Larry in Minneapolis.
Read more in the print version of the Herald April 21.


text: keech998 - Unregistered June 16, 2009 12:46 AM Just look at Moto GP Bernie and Max. Yes only two riders where at it, but at it they were until the last lap of the race, In turkey there were f all fans in the stands, yet at the Moto GP round there were 800000 plus fans. Why, cause the tickets where cheaper than in F1, plus the racing is betterish. BE and MM pay attention.... You are destroying F1 at its very core. Yes a budget cap is a good idea, implemented over a few years, but the medals system....Its ridiculous. F1 is not an olymic sport, i.e an individual sport. Listen to the fans, drivers and teams, and realise you are both wrong. There is no shame in that. Accept your mistakes and live with them....for a few years 27 agree 0 disagree