text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Aug 10, 1971
|Filing date
|Apr 3, 1969
|Priority date
|Apr 3, 1969
|Publication number
|Blatchley William R, Stoughton Alan M
|Original Assignee
|Computer Test Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (11), Classifications (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,405,258 10/1968 Godoy et al.
3,497,685 2/1970 Stafford et al.
Primary ExaminerPaul .l. Henon Assistant Examiner Ronald F. Chapuran Attarneys- Maleson, Kimmelman and Ratner and Allan R atner ABSTRACT: A test system and method directed in operation by a programmed digital computer for measuring and evaluating a device which produces a nonrepetative waveform upon application to the device of an input stimulating signal. There is applied to an input of the device a stimulating signal having a predetermined waveform at a selected signal sequence The amplitude and time characteristics of the resultant nonrepetative waveform are explicitly measured and output reports are generated. in response to the explicit measurements a differing waveform and signal sequence may be selected for the 3,343,141 9/1967 340/172.5 stimulating signal.
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. REFERENCE ALAN M. STOUGHTON WILLIAM R. BLATCH LEY FIG. /05 BY 4 ATTORNEY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to the field of art of digital computer controlled test measurement and evaluation.
2. Prior Art I Digital computers have been used to control the operation of different processes such as chemical processes, generation of electricity, etc. In these systems the process is controlled online in order to provide closed loop operation of the process and to remove manual control. In addition, it has been known to program digital computers to perform specific tests. For example, programs have been written to test the internal operation of. a computer, as for example to test the magnetic memory system of the computer. Specifically a diagnostic program has been used to exercise the computer memory by storing information in the memory and reading it out. In this manner it is determined if everything written into the memory is read out correctly.
However the use of digital control of test measurement and evaluation of particular devices has left much to be desired for reasons such as high cost, inability to obtain explicit measurements from the device being tested, etc. In the test measurement and evaluation of memory devices such as cores, cores in planes and stacks of planes it has been known to use a semiautomatic fixed wired system. However, such semiautomatic system is limited in its flexibility to accommodate a large variety of differing types of cores, planes and stacks. In addition a substantial amount of time has been required to vary the test to accommodate different types of cores, planes and stacks.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A computer controlled test system and method which in response to stored input data signals measures and evaluates a device which produces a nonrepetative waveform. There is generated and applied to an input of the device a stimulating signal at a selected one of a predetermined plurality of signal sequences of predetermined shaped waveforms. The waveform and selected signal sequence are in accordance with the input data. There is explicitly measured (1) the amplitude of the nonrepetative waveform at predetermined times and (2) predetermined time characteristics of the nonrepetative waveform. Output reports of the explicitly measurements are generated.
Further, in response to the explicit measurements and the input data there may be selected a differing shaped waveform and a different one of the plurality of signal sequences and the explicit measurement of the resultant nonrepetative waveform is repeated. In this manner there is provided a system that provides explicit measurements and may accommodate differing types of devices.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates in simplified block diagram form the basic test measurement and evaluation system of the present invention;
FIG. 1A illustrates how FIGS. ZA-C may be taken together;
FIG. 1B illustrates how FIGS. 3A-B may be taken together;
FIGS. 2AC illustrate a flow chart in block diagram form for the test measurement and evaluation system of FIGS. 1 and 3A-B; FIGS. ISA-B illustrate in block diagram form the test measurement and evaluation system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 illustrates in more detailed block diagram form the sequence generator of FIGS. 3AB;
FIG. 5 illustrates in more detailed block diagram form a current driver of FIGS. 3A-B;
FIGS. SA-B illustrate waveforms helpful in understanding FIG. 5;
FIG. 6 illustrates in more detailed block diagram form a selection switch of FIGS. 3A-B;
FIG. 7 illustrates in simplified form a stimulating signal being applied to and a response taken from a single memory element;
FIG. 8 illustrates how FIGS. 9A-B may be taken together;
FIGS. 9A-B illustrate in more detailed block diagram form a waveform analysis and measurement system of FIGS. 3A- B; and
FIGS. 10AB illustrate waveforms helpful in understanding FIGS. 9AB.
BASIC SYSTEM Referring now to FIG. 1 there is shown a computer controlled memory test system for providing test measurement and evaluation of a magnetic memory device 110. The magnetic memory device may be a single magnetic memory element to be tested orwhose performance is to be evaluated. The memory element may be a square loop ferrite toroidal core 10 or any other magnetic memory element capable of two distinguishable states or electrical outputs. This test and evaluation may be performed on the basic memory element before the element is wired into a memory plane. In addition the test measurement and evaluation may take place when the element is in a plane and may also take place when the planes are grouped and electrically stacked. For the purpose of the description to follow magnetic memory device 110 may be considered any one of a magnetic memory core 10 in accordance with ASTM Tentative Methods of Test C526-63T. It will be understood that this ASTM method of test may be applied to planes or stacks since the fundamental testing method and evaluation of performance are similar whether a particular element is loose or is wired in a plane or stack. In the test or evaluation for a plane or stack there is provided checking not only of the characteristic of a particular address but also of the wiring pattern of a particular array to determine if it is wired correctly and has the ability to store various data patterns. Thus in the plane level the outputs are a function of the dimensions and of the wiring pattern.
The test system of FIG. 1 comprises a general purpose digital computer 112, a digital to analog converter 114, current sequencing and drive subsystem 1 l6, waveform and analysis measurement subsystem 118, and an analog to digital converter-IZU. Digital computer 112 is programmed to control the operation of the current sequencing and drive subsystem 116 and to receive results from subsystem 118. Prior to starting a test the operator is required to provide input data 122 by way of a keyboard or punched paper tape. This input data provides the characteristics of device 110 under test, the values desired for the current sequence and drive and limits the acceptable values to be measured.
The test may then be started and proceeds in a manner described by the program stored by computer 112 using input data described by the program stored by computer 112 using input data 122 provided by the operator. Control signals are applied by way of converter 114 to subsystem 116 to apply drive current pulses 12 to device 110. As a result each core undergoes changes in magnetic state which induces voltages in a corresponding output winding state which induces voltages in a corresponding output winding or sense line thereby producing signals which are interpreted as a readout of stored information. Each of these readout signals may be defined as a memory response voltage characteristic 15, FIG. 10A. The time and amplitude parameters of response characteristic l5 require exacting analysis and these parameters are peak amplitude A,,, time of peak amplitude currents t, and the time t, at which the peak amplitude decays to 10 percent of its peak.
1 These measurements are performed by waveform analysis and measurement system 100 of subsystem 1 18 which will later be described with respect to FIGS. 7 10B.
In this manner subsystem 118 provides explicit measurements of the foregoing three parameters which may then be converted to digital form by converter 120 which is then acquired by computer 112. Computer 112 then processes this data to generate output reports by way of output 124 to output device 125 relating to the specific element of device 1 being tested at that time. In addition the results may be stored to allow generation of reports after all the elements in device 110 have been tested. In this manner distribution of results may be generated or printed out as well as a listing of elements that have not met acceptance criteria. A further use of the results by computer 112 may be to close the loop to determine if it is worthwhile to continue the test sequence. Specifically, it may be that the results of the test of device 110 require a change in the test sequence or test method. Accordingly the test sequence may be changed by providing new values to subsystem 116 which may be calculated by the program in computer 112 or acquired from off-line storage 126 or internal memory of computer 112.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM AND FLOW CHART Referring-now to FIGS. 3A-B there is shown a block diagram of the test measurement and evaluation system of FIG. 1 in which computer 112 is represented by the functions performed by its stored program. The other blocks of FIG. 1 are represented except for converter 114. As later explained in detail that digitalto analog conversion is performed by. current drivers 130-132 as part of their operation.
The following description analyzes system operation starting with the time when the operator inputs data by way of input 122 and ending with the completion of the test. The operation of the system of FIGS. ISA-B will be described with respect to the flow chart of FIGS. 2A-C.
In the logic flow chart of FIGS. 2A-C a rectangle indicates an operation, a diamond represents a two-way decision, a circle indicates a flow connector and a triangle indicates off-line storage 126.
Computer 112 is loaded with an operating program a listing for which will later be provided in detail.
Block 13S-The starting point of the operation is the normal idle condition of the system.
' Block' 137-The system requests test parameter inputs which are supplied by input data 122.
Block 139-For each parameter input entered the program tests for validity. If the input is not valid then an error message output report provided by block 140 is printed by output device 124.
Block l42-If the input data is valid then the data is classified and stored.
Block l44-If the input data is a command to start the test, the operation proceeds to block 146. If it is not, operation returns to block 137 for more input data.
Block l46-l49-These blocks cause counters 150-153 to be set to their initial specified values. These initial specified values are part of the input data provided during the operations described by blocks 137 and 139. In this manner first counter 150 is set and in sequence counters 151-153 are set to their initial specified values.
Blocks 155-l58-These blocks cause selection switches 160-163 to be selected. Specifically counters 150-151 operate through encoders 165-167 and switch selectors 168, 169, 178 and 179 to make switch selections 160-163 in accordance with the values set in counters 150-151 by blocks 146-149.
The functions of encoders 165/6-7 and the functions of switch selectors 168, 169, 178 and 179 are provided by program subroutines as set forth in the computer listing later provided. These program subroutines logically and mathematically operate on the values in counters 150-151 in accordance with the input data supplied by the operator. These logical and mathematical operations perform operations on selection counters 150-151 and input data 122 to cause the proper switches of switches 160-163 to be selected and in this manner to properly test a core in device 110. The operation of these subroutines will allow them to inherently operate on input variable input data so that the specific device under test 1 10 can be properly tested.
Blocks 171-172-Having made the selection of a particular core in device it is now necessary to establish the proper pulse sequence and drive current pulse parameters for the core. Once these are selected the actual sequence can be initiated by a sequence generator 170. It will be understood that the proper structure program or sequence to be used is a function of the characteristic of the cores under test and the type of test specified by input data 122. Specifically function generator subroutine 173 receives inputs from counters 152 and also from test control and sequencing subroutine 175. Function generator 173 operates on these inputs to select one of several pulse sequences and transfers this information to sequence generator 170. It will be understood that the foregoing system operation relating to selecting proper drive current pulses and pulse sequences is a major area of system operation that can be modified by closing the loop as will later be described in detail.
Sequence generator 170 produces a train of pulses which is applied to current drivers 130-132. Accordingly current drivers 130-132 apply precision current pulses through switches -162 which have been previously selected and then to the elements under test. It is these pulses which cause core 10 to generate response voltage characteristic 15 to be analyzed by subsystem 118. The characteristics of the pulses produced by drivers 130-2 have previously been determined by input data 122 and by block 171. The resultant pulses applied to the element may be considered disturbing pulses and are described for example at page 21 et seq, C..I. Quartly, Square-loop Ferrite Circuitry, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1962.
Block 176-Represents a pause in the program while the sequence generator completes its operations.
Block 177-A determination is made whether response analysis is required. If response analysis is required then result selector subroutine 180 produces multiplex control signals by way of a line 180a which is applied to multiplex circuits 97- 971), FIG. 9B, thereby to produce multiplexed output 85.
It will now be understood that response voltage characteristic l5 produced by the element under test is applied from device 110 to selection switches 163. Characteristic 15 is amplified by sense amplifier 182 and applied to measurement system 100 and specifically detector 20 and buffer 51, FIG. 9A. The selection of switches 163 has previously been described with respect to blocks 155-158. In addition trigger signals are applied to measurement system 100 to provide a program step by way ofa line 170a and a clear signal by way 1 I a line 18Gb. The multiplexed output 85 is converted to digit 1 form by way of a converter 120 with the resultant output being received by result selector subroutine 180. In the flow chart of FIGS. 2A-C all of the preceding operations relating to acquiring results of measurement system 100 is shown by block184.
Block 186-The foregoing results are recorded in a result storage 188 which may be a distribution table.
Block 187-The results are compared with high and low acceptance levels by a result comparator 189. The acceptance level is determined by input data 122 and comparator 189 determines whether there is acceptance or nonacceptance.
Blocks 192-193-lf the results are not acceptable then error counters 194 are updated to record the instance of error. Result storage 188 and error counters 194 are maintained for the duration of the test so that output reports 124 may be made after all of the elements of device 110 have been tested in accordance with the input data.
Blocks 195-196-If the results are acceptable or not acceptable the data for each element may be output by report generator 197 at this time. This determination whether to output data at the actual time of receipt is made by input data 122.
Block 200-Without changing the element to be tested the I identical test may be repeated.
Block 202If the identical test is not to be repeated then a determination must be made if the results require a parameter change. Such a parameter change based on the results received is determined by input data 122. Block 203-If such a parameter change is considered necessary then new test parameters are read in from off-line storage 126 represented by flow chart block 126a. In accordance with the invention these new test parameters will provide for a different drive current pulse, a different pulse sequence, etc. After new test parameters are input from storage 126 the test operation automatically begins with the first element in device 110 as indicated by connector symbol C returning to block 146.
Blocks 204-214-If a parameter change is not required the test procedure may proceed to the next element. This is accomplished by setting counters 150-153 to their next appropriate value. If selection counter 150 is not a maximum then this counter is updated to its next value and the operation returns to block 155 by way of connector A." If counter 150 is set to its maximum then it is set to its initial value and a determination is made whether selection counter 151 is at a maximum. If it is not at a maximum then counter 151 is updated to its next value and control then transfers to block 155. If counter 151 is at a maximum it is set to its initial value and iteration counter 152 is checked for maximum. If counter 152 is not at a maximum then it is updated and control returns to block 155. If counter 152 is at a maximum then it is set to its initial value and a determination is made whether counter 153 is equal to a maximum. If counter 153 is not at a maximum then it is updated and control returns to block 155. If counter 153 is at a maximum all elements have been tested. It will be understood that if counter 153 is at a maximum all the elements of device 110 have been tested the required number of times specified by input data 122.
Blocks 21S216After all of the cores or elements have been tested a determination is made if output reports are required. If such reports are required then a printout is made of the information contained in result storage 188 and error counters 194 using report generator 197.
Block 218-If output reports are not required or when the required reports have been made a determination is made whether to repeat the same test sequences. If it is determined to repeat the sequences then connector C is used to return to block 146. In this manner the complete test is repeated in its entirety.
Block 220lf the same test sequence is not to be repeated a determination is made whether new tests are to be performed. If new tests are to be performed, new test parameters are read in from off-line storage 126 as indicated by block 126b. Thus connector C is used to return to block 146 where the entire test sequence is repeated using the new test parameters.
Block 224--If new tests are not to be performed, then the test is complete and there is a return by way of connector D" to block 137 returning the system to its idle state awaiting new test inputs from input data 122.
SEQUENCE GENERATOR As previously described sequence generator 170 turns on current drivers 130132 in accordance with input data 122, and generator 170 also provides trigger pulses to system 100 by way of lines 170a. The test sequence is varied by generator 170 on command by pulse program selector 173a. Sequence generator 170 is shown in block diagram form in FIG. 4 and comprises registers, counters, transfer and control logic, input-output circuits and a clock.
In order to explain the operation of generator 170 it may be assumed that input data has been applied by way of data input lines 175a to load all of the static registers 240247p with input data. Operation starts upon transfer of a command word from selector 173a and line 175a, through [/0 logic circuit 252 and to a control register 250. Receipt of the command word by control register 250 is effective to produce an enable signal by way of a line 250a to start clock 254. Clock 254 has a pulse rate of 2 megahertz which is applied to a counter 255 the contents of which are compared with a divide register 246. If a binary one has been loaded into divide register 246 then comparator 256 is effective to divide the 2 megahertz clock rate by one to produce a 2 megahertz generator output on a generator output line 257. In another example, if a binary two had been stored in register 246 then a 1 megahertz generator output is produced on line 257. In this manner a programmable clock rate may be produced at output 257 having values equal to 2 megahertz divided by integers from 2 through 2 1.
The generator output on line 257 is applied to an AND gate 259 which is normally enabled thereby to step counter 258 through positions determined by the contents of the command word as stored in control register 250. As a result there is produced a timing sequence from one through 16 basic positions or steps the actual number being specified or varied by the command word in register 250. As the foregoing count occurs the binary states thereof are decoded by a step decoder 260 and distributed to static registers 240, 241, 247a-p and 245 by way of path 262. As the count progresses the decoded positions or steps sample the contents of registers 247ap and 245. If there is a binary one in any one of these bit positions in these registers there is produced a pulse output on the particular line associated with that register. All of these lines are indicated as lines 1700 which are connected to drivers 132 and system 100.
Similarly, as the count progresses, pair repeat register 240 and step repeat register 241 are sampled. If there is a binary one in either of these registers a flag is produced by register 240 if there is a pair repeat and the flag is produced by register 241 if there is a step repeat. A pair repeat has precedence over a step repeat. The flags from registers 240 and 241 are applied to and gates 264 and 265 respectively and are effective to control the count sequence by counter 258. A step repeat indicates the repetition of a desired number of disturbing pulses. A pair repeat indicates, in a typical situation, a pair of read and write signals being applied such as in a conditioning cycle for core testing. The pair repeat and step repeat cycles are defined in the above defined ASTM Standard C52663T. The time between successive clock pulses may be defined as a step.
Accordingly, having, made a decision to repeat a pair (register 240) or to repeat a step (register 241) and with interval 1 register 243 and interval 2 register 244 each loaded with a number, then interval select register 242 is effective to determine wh ich'of registers 243244 will be used to determine the number of repeats. Having decided which of the numbe' in registers 243244 to use, counter 265 and comparator 2 are efiective to stop counter 258 until such time as the required number of repeats have been accomplished. While counter 258 has been stopped the clock signals are still being applied by way of generator output line 257. In this manner the contents of registers 247ap continue to be sampled on the particular step where counter 258 has been stopped.
The operation continues with counter 258 stepping until a stop step is reached. A stop step is defined in the command word stored in register 250. Accordingly operation terminates until another command word is received by register 250.
In prior function generators which have performed sequencing operations there have been provided manually operated switches. Accordingly in such prior generators in order to alternate the program sequence the test is stopped and the normal operation is interrupted. After the switches have been repositioned then the test continues. By the use of sequence generator there is avoided the necessity of stopping the test and interrupting operation. Thus, there is achieved storage and remote programmability of the trigger sequence applied by way of lines 1700 with the number of step and pair repeats and the frequency of sync sequence being under the control of input data 122.
To summarize the foregoing operation upon command, sequence generator 170 cycles through preprogrammed cycles in the order of steps indicated by the command word in register 250. Under the control of counter 258 the contents of registers 247ap are sampled. There is a repeat in those steps or pairs determined by the contents of registers 240241 for intervals determined by registers 243244 as selected by register 242. The foregoing operations occurs at a rate determined by register 246. In this manner there is produced trigger sequences or pulses on lines 170a.
CURRENT DRIVERS Current drivers 130 may comprise one or more individual current drivers, one of which is shown in detail in FIG. 5. It will be understood that current drivers 131 and 132 also comprise one or more individual current drivers with each in dividual driver being identical to that shown in FIG. 5 and thus only one of them need be explained in detail. Individual driver 130 includes a four binary storage elements 270-273 each of which comprises a [-bit storage register with input and output transfer gates. It will be assumed that elements 270-273 have been loaded with input data 122 by way of line 175a.
Upon application of a trigger pulse 17 on lines 170a, one shot or monostable multivibrator 275 is effective to switch to its quasi-stable state the duration of which is a function of the number loaded in storage element 270. Accordingly a pulse 275a, FIG. SA, is produced at output 275b which is applied to one shot 276. In this manner one shot 276 is switched to its quasi-stable state the duration of which is determined by the number in element 271. As a result, a pulse 276a is produced at output 276b which is applied to a pulse shaper 277. Shaper 277 is effective to shape the leading and trailing edge of pulse 276a to form pulse 2770 in accordance with the number stored in storage element 272. Pulse 277a, FIG. A is applied by way of output 27712 to a voltage to current converter and summer 278 which comprises individual summing stages in parallel. Each of the summing stages receives an input from an individual bit of storage unit 273 and is effective to control the amplitude ofa drive current pulse 282, FIG. 5B, which is applied by way of output 130a to selection switches 160.
In the manner described above there is provided a conversion of binary information from elements 270-273 to the circuits 275-278 respectively to effect a digital to analog conversion of data. This digital to analog conversion is shown functionally as block 114 in FIG. 1.
In summary the advantages of current driver 130 are the provisions of internal storage and rapid programmability for not only amplitude of waveform 282 but also rise and fall time, delay time and width of the waveform. In addition there is provided constant rise and fall time even when the amplitude of the waveform is changed.
SELECTION SWITCHES Referring now to FIG. 6 there is shown a single selection switch 160 though there may be more than one such switch within block 160. Selection switches 161 and 162 and 163 are identical with switch 160 and therefor need not be described in detail.
Data is applied to switch 160 by way of line 168a from switch selector 168 to an AND gate 285. In similar manner lines 169a, 178a and 179a apply data from selectors 169, 178 and 179 respectively to switches 161-l63 respectively.
The other input to AND gate 285 may be connected to control switches 2850 on the front panel of selection switch 160 so that high order bits are compared with that switch setting. If there isa match the low order five bits from the dataon line 168a are transferred to registers 287 and/or 289 depending on the particular bit configuration. If there is no match then the high order bits of registers 287 and 289 may or may not assume the zero state depending on the high order bit configuration. If the high order bits do assume the zero state then the outputs of the most significant bits (MSB) 287a and 289a are effective to deenergize coils 290a and 2910 respectively which in turn is effective to disconnect the switch 160 from line a.
In a match condition the four hits of information in register 287 is applied to a one of 16 decode and relay drive 290. The information is effective to control the 16 switches 292 only two of which have been illustrated. Similarly the four hits of information in register 289 controls a similar decode and relay drive 291 which is efiective to energize particular ones of 16 switches 293 only two of which have been illustrated. Accordingly in a scanned sequence a string of data is applied to switch and a particular scanning sequence is produced for the application of the stimuli or current pulses in a predetermined sequence.
In summary by the use of the control switches 285a connected to gate 285 it is possible to obtain different scanned sequences for multiple pole operation and matrix operation. The scan may be an increasing sequence, a decreasing sequence or a random sequence. Thus there is provided the ability to match the switch function by selection switch 160 as well as the ability to store the data input.
WAVEFORM ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM Referring to the waveforms of FIGS. ltlA-B upon actuation by a trigger pulse 17 source 11 produces a current pulse 12 which is applied to winding 10a of core 10 as shown in simplified form in FIG. 7. An output voltage pulse which may be defined as a memory response voltage characteristic 15 is produced at winding 10b of core 10 is applied to a sense amplifier 14 which is shown as block 182, FIGS. 3A--B. Accordingly, a test method may involve driving core 10 to a known magnetic state and then measuring response voltage characteristic 15 as applied to sense amplifier 14 during a read operation for example.
The parameters of response characteristic 15 to be measured may be defined as follows with respect to t A =the value of the peak voltage of characteristic l5.
t qhe time duration between 1) time t which occurs at 10 percent of the maximum value I of drive current pulse 12 and (2) the time that the peak voltage of characteristic 15 occurs.
r,=is the time duration between 1) time r and 2) the time that characteristic 15 has decreased in an absolute direction to 10 percent of its peak value A,,.
The foregoing three parameters A,, I and l, are measured on a one shot or nonrepetative basis by a waveform analysis and measurement system 100 as shown in FIGS. 9A-B and described in patent application Ser. No. 813,078 filed concurrently herewith and assigned to the same assignee as this invention. r,, is measured by first applying voltage characteristic 15 to a peak amplitude detector 20 of a 1,, time channel 19. Peak detector 20 comprises a low value shunt capacitor and is effective to rectify voltage characteristic 15. The shunt capacitor is continually charged by characteristic 15, until the peak amplitude is achieved. The resultant output is directly applied to an input 220 of a differential amplifier 22. In addition the same output of detector 20 is also applied by way of a time delay network or cable 24 to input 22b of differential amplifier 22. In this manner the inputs to amplifier 22 are the identical detected signals though one is delayed with respect to the other.
The voltage characteristic applied to terminal 22a is shown in FIGS. 10A-B as waveform 26 having a peak value 260 which is reached at the same time characteristic 15 reaches a peak voltage. Similarly, the voltage characteristic applied to terminal 22b is shown by characteristic 27 having a peak value 27a which is reached at the same time delayed characteristic 15a reaches a peak voltage and is equal to voltage value 26a. Waveforms 26 and 27 taken as absolute values are algebraically subtracted by differential amplifier 22 to produce a resultant absolute waveform which is applied to a threshold detector 38. The resultant waveform from amplifier 22 crosses ground threshold at the time when waveform 27 reaches it peak value 27a which is equal to peak value 26a of waveform 26. Accordingly, the leading edge of a rectangular output pulse 39 (t,; command signal) from a threshold detector 38 indicates the time of t, reference. It will now be understood that r, reference occurs at a time equal to r,+t,, where t, is a subtractable constant value.
The generation of a t command pulse 43 will now be described. Current pulse 12 produced by source 11 is applied to a threshold detector 41 of t time channel 40. The other input to detector 41 is a DC reference potential which is adjustable to a DC value equal to percent of the maximum value I of drive current pulse 12. Accordingly, detector 41 produces a rectangular output pulse at time t when current pulse 12 passes the 10 percent threshold. The t pulse is delayed in time by a time delay network 24a having a delay time 2, equal to that of delay network 24 of channel 19. The resultant pulse 43, FIGS. IDA-B will be used for all subsequent time measurements.
The time difference between the leading edges of command pulses 43 and 39 is exactly equal to the time values of t,. This may be understood when it is considered that the leading edge of pulse 39 occurs at time t,+t while the leading edge of pulse 43 occurs at a time duration 2,, after time t Thus, the leading edge of command pulse 43 effectively indicates time t for the remaining command pulses 39 and 82 and A, analog signal 60.
In order to determine the value of A,, voltage characteristic is appliedto an A, amplitude channel 50. Specifically, characteristic 15 is applied to a buffer 51 the output of which is delayed by delay line 24b. Line 24b provides a delay time t, exactly equal to the delay times of lines 24 and 24a. Delayed characteristic 15a is applied by way of an amplifier 53 to an input of a high speed sampling bridge 55 which is controlled by a strobe gate or generator 57. Gate 57 is actuated to sample delayed characteristic 15:: by the leading edge of pulse 39 which is applied thereto by way of conductor 59. Accordingly, delayed characteristic 15a is strobed at the time of its peak voltage which occurs at time t, reference. Accordingly, the waveform at the output of bridge 55 is a direct proportion of A,, the peak amplitude of characteristic 15. This A, analog signal is stored by an analog storage circuit 58 which is gated to store by a gate 62 also under the control of pulse 39. Thus, the leading edge of pulse 39 is effective to cause storage circuit 58 to store and hold the A, analog signal (waveform 60, FIGS. 10AB) until later cleared.
A, analog signal 60 is applied by way of conductor 64 to a voltage divider network 71 of a t, time channel 70. Network 71 is effective to divide the A, analog signal by ID to provide a 0.1 A, analog signal which is applied by way of a DC restorer 73 to one input 75a ofa differential amplifier 75. The delayed voltage characteristic 15a is taken at the output of amplifier 53 and applied by way of a conductor 66, a DC restorer 76 and through a blanker 77 to amplifier input 75b. Pulse 39 is applied to blanker 77 to blank out undesired memory response characteristics and to only pass delayed characteristic 150. When the signals applied to inputs 75ab are exactly equal in value, the output of amplifier 75 crosses ground threshold which is detected by a threshold detector 80. This threshold crossing indicates that delayed characteristic 15a is equal to 0.1 A, and occurs at time !,+t,,. Accordingly, the
leading edge of t, command pulse 82 produced at the output of detector 80 occurs at time t,+t,.
The time difference between the leading edge of t, command pulse 43 and I, command pulse 82 is exactly equal to the time value of 1,. This may be understood on the basis that the leading edge of pulse 43 occurs at a time duration T after time t and the leading edge of pulse 82 occurs at time t,+r after time t It will now be understood how command pulses or signals 39, 43 and 82 have been generated as well as the A, analog signal. It will now be explained how these signals are used to generate a single multiplex output 85.
Prior to time t and the beginning of drive current pulse 12 the leading edge of a trigger pulse 17 applied by way of lead 170a, FIGS. 3A-B, initiates a ramp voltage 16 having a known and constant dv/dt. The ramp voltage 16 is applied to each of analog storage circuits -90b each of which is similar to circuit 58 and may comprise a storage capacitor connected to a switching field effect transistor. Circuit 90 is used in channel 40 and t command pulse 43 is applied by way of a bistable network 92 to circuit 90. Bistable circuit 92 has previously been enabled by the occurrence of trigger pulse 17 by way of lead 1700. Thus, pulse 43 is effective to switch circuit 92 to cause storage circuit 90 to store the value of ramp voltage 16 occurring at the time of the leading edge of pulse 43. The value of ramp voltage as stored by circuit 90 is indicated in FIGS. 10AB as t stored value of analog signal.
In similar manner I, command pulse 39 is applied to a bistable circuit 92a. Circuit 92a has been enabled by trigger signal 17 so that storage circuit 90a stores that value of ramp voltage occurring at the time of the leading edge of pulse 39. In this manner storage circuit 90a stores a value of ramp voltage indicated'at t, stored value. Similarly I, command pulse 82 is applied by way of enabled bistable circuit 83 to analog storage circuit 90b. In this manner circuit 90b stores that value of ramp voltage occurring at the time of the leading edge of pulse 82 which is indicated at l, stored value. Clear signals are applied to storage circuits 9090b and 58 by way of line 180b, FIGS. 3A-B when a new multiplex signal is to be generated.
The t and I, values stored by circuits 90 and 90a respectively are applied by way of conductors 94 and 94a respectively to inputs of a differential amplifier 95. Accordingly, amplifier 95 produces an output signal equal to k(t,t which is proportional to the value of t,. Similarly the t and t, stored values from storage circuits 90 and 90b respectively are applied by way of conductors 94 and 94b to differential amplifier 9512. Accordingly, amplifier 95b produces an output signal equal to k(t,-r which is proportional to the value of t,. Further the output of analog storage circuit 58 is applied by way of a conductor 94c to one input of differential amplifier 950 the other input of which is grounded. In this manner A, analog signal 60 provides at the output of amplifier 950 a signal equal to k(A,) which is proportional to A,. If amplifiers 95-95b are identical amplifiers the outputs 'of these amplifiers may be multiplexed to provide a single multiplex output 85 with the order ofmultiplexing being as follows: amplifier 95a, 95 and 95b.
In the multiplexing operation the outputs of amplifiers 95 95b are applied by way of multiplex circuits 97-97b to one input of a differential amplifier 98. The other input of amplifier 98 is grounded. Circuits 97-97b each include a field effect transistor switching circuit and multiplex command signals applied by way of path 1800 are applied to actuate the switehicircuits. Specifically, command signals are applied in sequence to circuits 97a, 97 and then 97b to produce multiplex output 85 which is applied to A/D converter 120, FIGS. 3A-B.
It will be understood that measurement system 100 effectively measures time with respect to t where t, has been defined as the time of 0.1 I and I is the amplitude of the drive current pulse 12. Such measurement with respect to t is to be compared with prior measurements which have been with respect to the leading edge of trigger pulse 17, for example. Due to considerations of circuit stability of current source 11, the delay between the leading edge of trigger pulse 17 and the leading edge of drive current pulse 12 is not constant but subject to minor variations. lf trigger pulse 17 were used for the time measurement of response voltage characteristic 15 in the manner previously described to obtain t,, A, and t,, then such minor variations would be reflected in the measurement and production of multiplex signal 85. Accordingly this effective jitter" is eliminated by using instead of pulse 17, current pulse 12 as the time reference and specifically 0.1 I.
General purpose digital computer 112 is an SDS SIGMA 2 Computer made by Scientific Data Systems, Inc., El Segundo, California 90245. The program described by the flow chart of 3,599,161 11 i 1.2, FIGS. 2A-C to perform the subroutines of FIG5 3A B i copyright 1967, Scientific Data Systems, Inc. The following is written in SYMBOL assembly ianguagc for the $135 SIGMA 2 a $595. the Program In SYMBOL language as generated y Computer. SYMBOL assembiy language is described in SYM- the SIGMA 2 assembly program. BOL Reference Data Systems, SDS SIGMA 2 Computers,
iv ac NB TEST 1% M. will ENABLEfiCfiPE D1Sammy... A fi. My, 1 #2 m4 INHIBIT 7 J3 smoes DISCRIM' INHIBIT! mm. 7 u 2) H113 FRGGRAM 1s INTENDED T6 85 ussr; IN CBNJUNCTIBN w1TH THE KEYBBARD 1....v cm\mm ,PANELL r r i i Mano i.
.. ..w T N
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 23, 1964
|Sep 19, 1967
|Bypassing of processor sequence controls for diagnostic tests
|Apr 7, 1965
|Oct 8, 1968
|Reliability test for computer check circuits
|Nov 3, 1965
|Feb 24, 1970
|Fault location system
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 21, 1971
|Oct 9, 1973
|Prd Electronics Inc
|Programmable test systems
|Jun 28, 1979
|Jan 27, 1981
|Honeywell Information Systems Inc.
|Simulator for bit and byte synchronized data network
|May 9, 1977
|Jul 28, 1981
|The Singer Company
|Simulator complex data transmission system having self-testing capabilities
|Jan 2, 1980
|Dec 1, 1981
|Gulf & Western Industries, Inc.
|Programmable controller using microprocessor
|Sep 17, 1979
|Dec 29, 1981
|Honeywell Information Systems Inc.
|Microprocessor based maintenance system
|Jun 18, 1981
|Jun 12, 1984
|The Bendix Corporation
|Linked data systems
|Sep 3, 1985
|Feb 17, 1987
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Noise reduction during testing of integrated circuit chips
|Jun 19, 1990
|Dec 10, 1991
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Microcomputer supporting selective analog-to-digital channels for conversion
|Nov 17, 1993
|Feb 14, 1995
|Grumman Aerospace Corporation
|ATG test station
|Oct 18, 1996
|Sep 8, 1998
|Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation
|Stand-alone test device for testing command-response remote terminals
|Jul 21, 1980
|Feb 7, 1989
|Cem Corporation
|Automatic volatility computer
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
ARCHITECT spoke to ODA's principal about the Bushwick II development in... Read moreweaetxdyvaydzcwq
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Featuring some of the biggest classic House hits right through to some recent bangers. Get listening to NOW House today! For more great NOW playlists check out our profile.
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text:
India Bristles at Western-Style Economy
India's middle class is growing along with the country's western-style consumer economy. And so is a fundamental debate over whether the majority of Indians actually want to go in this direction. Some believe the changes threaten the well-being of millions of Indians shut out of the current boom.
STEVE INSKEEP, host:
Here are some ways that India is becoming just a little bit more like the United States. The middle class is growing, and so is the country's Western-style consumer economy. So, however, is a fundamental debate over whether the majority of Indians actually want to go in this direction. Some believe these changes threaten the traditions and livelihood of millions of Indians not benefiting from the boom.
Here's NPR's Philip Reeves in New Delhi.
PHILIP REEVES: Sixty years have elapsed since the British left India. Next week, India marks the anniversary. There will be lavish Independence Day celebrations and speeches about India's achievements - its flourishing economy, its rise as a global power.
But here not much has changed. This is Chandni Chowk in Delhi, one of South Asia's older bazaars. Its alleys are crammed with tiny stalls, piled high with silverware and silk, with sacks of ginger and cinnamon, with saris and brilliantly colored wedding decorations.
Unidentified Woman #1: (Foreign language spoken)
REEVES: Here you can buy anything, from a pile of gems to a peacock's feather. And you're expected to haggle.
(Soundbite of bazaar)
REEVES: Today though, Chani Chowk is the setting for a dispute of a different kind.
Unidentified Woman #2: Because the livelihoods are being taken away by the foreign companies, by the big corporations...
REEVES: Several hundred small traders, trade unionists and community activists have gathered on the streets. They're protesting against corporate giants setting up shopping malls and mega stores in India.
(Soundbite of protestors)
REEVES: Wal-Mart, go back, the protestors chant. And they start beating an effigy of a demon with Wal-Mart's name on it.
(Soundbite of protestors)
This week Wal-Mart announced the joint venture with Indians Bharti Enterprises to build up to 15 large Cash-and-Carry stores in India. These will actually be wholesale outlets, supplying shopkeepers rather then ordinary shoppers. Multi-brand foreign firms wanting to get into India's rapidly expanding retail market still face tight restrictions.
But activist and author Vandana Shiva, who's leading the Chandni Chowk protest, accuses Wal-Mart of trying to get into India through the back door.
Ms. VANDANA SHIVA (Activist): For Wal-Mart's clone culture to come and teach us how to run markets is stupidity.
REEVES: For Shiva, this is all about preserving a traditional culture.
Ms. SHIVA: No markets are as lively, as prosperous, as vibrant, as diverse as India's markets. In Chandni Chowk you generate per square foot five livelihoods in a land of lots of people and very little space.
REEVES: India has some 12 million mom-and-pop stores. These generate a multitude of spin-off jobs, many of which the protestors believe will disappear if corporate heavyweights are given free rein.
India known superstores and malls are already springing up all over the country. Wal-Mart denies its Cash-and-Carry operations will mean job losses. In fact, it says it expects to offer a better deal to India's retailers and farmers than they have now.
Beth Keck is Wal-Mart's director of International Corporate Affairs.
Ms. BETH KECK (Director, International Corporate Affairs): This is a growing economy, a growing consumer class here. And what we've found in other emerging markets that we've operated in is that the pie is actually just getting bigger for everyone.
(Soundbite of protestors)
REEVES: The protestors, though relatively few in number, say they're determined to make their voices heard. They've adopted a slogan - Quit Retail - copied from Mahatma Gandhi's Quit India movement launched against the British colonialists. And in the end, they say, Gandhi won.
Philip Reeves, NPR News, New Dehli.
Copyright © 2007 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio record.


text:
Challenging Concepts in Cardiovascular Medicine: Cases with Expert Commentary by Aung Myat and Shouvik Haldar
English | 2011 | ISBN: 0199695547 | 266 pages | PDF | 5 MB
This case-based learning book details 25 challenging cases in cardiovascular medicine covering all subspecialty areas of cardiology. It is designed to be used by trainees but each case is supported by the commentary of a renowned expert in the field, allowing readers to improve their own management of these patients.
As the reader works through each case there are 'Clinical Tips', 'Learning Points' and 'Landmark Trial Summaries' to enhance the learning process along with the 'Expert Commentary', providing an inside track on how the experts approach these types of challenging cases.
Download link:
Links are Interchangeable - Single Extraction - Premium is support resumable
Mirror Links


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Get notified when new sales are live
Subscribe to our notifications so you don't miss out on our new sales!
6 x Bellamy's Organic Apple Fruit Snacks 20g
Bellamy's snap dried apple snacks are 100% fruit and nothing else. The crisp pieces are a delicious "between-meals" snack, and the special drying method locks in the great apple taste with no preservatives or sulphur. You can be sure your kids are enjoying the natural goodness of organic fruit.
- Bellamy's Organic Apple Fruit Snacks
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- Country of origin: Australia
- Best Before: 01/09/2017


text:
Great projects
Your Project
Then get real! Though it's only five years old, Financial crowdfunding is one of the fastest-growing investment markets in the world.
The model is as simple as that:
This beautifully simple way of allowing small investors to take shares or to loan money to non-listed companies moved over 5 billion euros in Europe in 2015. The World Bank estimated that it would bring over 90 billion dollars to companies all over the world by 2025. Fact is, it actually generated nearly 150 billion in 2015 alone.
So... yes, it's the Next Big Thing, and we love it.
Yes. But just by issuing a shareholder's agreement or a loan contract in return for the money, it becomes a brand new financial instrument. Magic.
Capital Cell offers you the possibility of buying shares in a specific company. From then on it works pretty much like investing in the Stock Market: the value of your investment will go up or down, and you will share in the company's future profits.
You can put your money directly in one particular project, whether because you think it looks enormously profitable or just because you love what they're trying to do and you would like to see it done.
It is a very simple system, allowing you to invest from the comfort of your own sofa via a user-friendly, simplified e-commerce interface, and with every guarantee of transparency and safety.
We urge you not to take the following as an investment tip... the kind of deals you'll find here will typically offer you the possibility of multiplying your money (x2, x4 or x7 are not unusual estimates) in roughly two to five years. Again, that's not a rule AT ALL and the risks of that not happening and of losing part of your investment are rather high.
We'll help you by providing you with all the paperwork you'll ever need, business plan analysis and validation, editing and publishing, a campaign plan, advertising tools and tips and access to a network of private investors.
If your business plan is well-defined and your financial needs are clear, just get in touch with us and we'll guide you through every step of the way.
We'll make sure your campaign brings you not only money but also notoriety, branding, market validation, followers, customers and a rich stakeholder ecosystem.
Basically Capital Cell charges a sucess fee of 5-7% (depending on the amount of capital raised).
We also charge a fee of 250€ upon publishing the project, but all the initial work (editing, publishing, analysis, consulting, contracts, etc...) is free of charge.
Financing a company is a rather serious undertaking, and building a financing round requires that the funds do actually exist. That's why we ask you to be extremely serious about committing to an investment, but the funds will not be transferred to the company until the round is complete.
We want to make sure that a company will actually have the promised funds, as well as protecting the investor by making sure no company will have access to the funds before the financing round is complete and all the legal paperwork has been duly filled.
An exception: investments above 8000 euros don't have to be paid in full. A 10% deposit is required upon signing the investor agreement, and the rest of the funds can be paid up to 5 days after the project is successfully closed.
Spanish legislation is rather complicated, as you may have heard and Capital Cell has done a thorough job of devising a system that complies with all regulations in existence: Money Laundering Laws, Capital Laws, Privacy Laws, etc...
The result is a solid system that offers every legal guarantee to both investors and companies. Capital Cell will supply all necessary paperwork, contracts and consulting, and we'll be happy to explain the whole thing to you. Just get in touch with us and ask away.
Before publishing a project we carry on a thorough background check on the companies, its associates and its business claims. If we have the slightest doubt about the project or its promoters, it will not be published.
Your investment will be kept under our custody until the financing round is complete and the entrepreneur has registered the operation before a notary; he will never have access to the funds before that.
The contract between the investor and the entrepreneur is a legal document that can be brought before a court, and should the company breach its terms it could face very serious legal action. The Crowdinvestor is every bit as protected as a Stock Exchange investor.
No. We also love social impact projects, and small projects that are seeking funds from friends and family, and projects with a low potential ROI but with cool implications. It's really up to you to decide what kind of return you want from your money. We don't think that becoming filthy rich is the only thing that matters in life, and perhaps you don't either.
Yes, but in Spanish.
Capital Cell charges a success fee to the entrepreneurs, between 5 and 7%. It's not a lot really, is it?
We'd love to do it for free but everybody has to make a living :)
Any citizen or company from any country not included in the Spanish government's tax haven list.
Easy question! The answer is "we don't".
We carefully filter projects and make sure we only publish viable projects after a serious background check, but there's no way we can guarantee they're going to work. The best-looking business in the world can fail miserably (hello MySpace), and we can't really tell how your investment will do.
We will also offer you our advisor's opinions and evaluations of every project. We work with highly respected, experienced business specialists whose advice we take very seriously, but please remember that it's nothing more than advice.
So we do our best to make sure our published projects are safe, viable and potentially profitable, but we can't tell the future. If we were able to guess which crazy ideas will eventually become the best-selling product of the decade, we ourselves would be filthy stinking rich already.
Capital Cell checks every company and every single one of its associates in public registries, credit rating lists, as well as Social Security and Fiscal databases. Also, we conduct private interviews with every entrepreneur – as a matter of fact, we spend quite a lot of time with them. No crook will ever publish a project on Capital Cell. Generally speaking, it is very difficult for dishonest people to use crowdfunding for their foul deeds, and as long as bank robbery or politics are a much better option people are not likely to use crowdfunding to steal money.
Once you invest, the company will have an obligation to inform you periodically of their evolution and their business status. You'll be able to attend general assemblies, check the company's records, accounts, etc.
Of course once the round is complete Capital Cell will no longer be involved in your relationship with the company you invested in, but don't hesitate to come to us if you think your company is defaulting you. We will assist you in any way we can.
Participations are basically shares in a Spanish S.L., ergo, a deed of property for a part of the company. For clarity's sake, we often refer to them as "shares"; it's cleaner and easier to understand.
The type of shares we use as a standard are "preferred dividend, non-voting". That means:
As for the value of your shares, since they will not be indexed or publicly floated, their value will be whatever someone pays you for them when you sell them.
Please do not take this as a precise and binding explanation of how Participations work. For more information please refer to the Spanish Ley de Sociedades de Capital - or ask us, if you're not partial to reading legal gibberish in Spanish.
They can be freely bought and sold, as long as you offer the company a preferred buying option. All rules governing this are specified in the Investor Agreement, as well as in the general Spanish Societary Law.
More or less. Our standard Investor Agreement may include a clause that would give you a guaranteed price for your Participations but deny you the right to refuse the operation.
Please do check either the Project information or your Investor Agreement for more details on this clause.
You actually can, up to 7 days after your investment. Just ask for your money back and it will be returned to you, no questions asked. After the 7 day period you will have to negotiate with the company and see if they can release you from your agreement.
And of course, if you ever consider that the entrepreneurs are defaulting you somehow, or that the project is not developing according to the information they gave you, you can seek legal action.
That's bad news. Honestly, there's very little chance you'll ever get your money back.
We would suggest you seek legal advice to study your particular case.
Most investor agreements would specify future salaries to prevent that. Check your particular case before investing.
Besides, you'll be able to check the company's accounts and see if their salary policies are in accordance with the market trends. If they're too far off, they're actually breaking the law – you can report that to the Treasury.
Not necessarily. You can pay a deposit and complete your investment at some further point. We would usually ask for a 10% deposit, but particular conditions can be agreed for every particular investor.
You can invest as little or as much as you want. Every project will set its own minimum investment, which can be as low as 20 euros.
Once you're registered just go to "Start a project" and complete the brief questionnaire you'll find there. Essentially there's 3 things we need before we study a project:
And we will take care of the rest. We'll guide you through every step of the process and make sure you publish a project only if you have a chance of success.
Any company incorporated in the European Union.
Nah. If you've put any work behind your idea, then you're way ahead of anyone else – they don't have your experience or know-how, and that's what counts.
Anyway, you're free to publish as little or as much information as you want. It should encourage people to invest money, so don't be shy with the main facts. You probably don't need to publish detailed plans to your awesome invention, but don't keep too much to yourself.
Ok, let's make this clear: you have to. Capital Cell - or any other crowdfunding site - does not make money magically appear from the Internet: it's a tool to super-amplify and simplify your fundraising efforts. Go looking for money wherever it can be found, and use this website to maximize your efforts.
If your campaign is successful, you'll have your money within 2-3 months.
Not here. We specialise in projects planning on returning their investors more money than they put in.
If you're looking for non-profit crowdfunding, there's many sites who'll do it a lot better than us. You can ask us if you want, it's a friendly industry and we know & love all our competitors..
Well... why not, send it over. Chances are we'll turn it back with some constructive criticism, but we may see a way to turn your idea into an investable business.
Yes you can. Lots of people are already doing it!
We accept anything from small self-employment projects to mega-multibillion deals. Just go ahead.
Not necessarily. You can specify in your investor agreements a future buyout clause, allowing you to buy back small participations for a fair price, whether they want to sell them or not. You can define what "fair price" means, but remember to make sure your offer is actually fair. You don't want small investors to feel cheated!
Having said that, you do have complete ownership of your business. Do as you please!
If you feel like it, you can include a buyback clause, allowing small investors to get their money back in the future.
That is amazingly risky for your company, so make sure you only do that one if your particular case is very, very particular.
The process works according to the applicable Societary law, which we recommend you to be familiar with. In short, you can sell your participations freely as long as you give the company a preferred buying option.
Besides the standard buying and selling regulations, there are two key clauses governing the future transmission of participations:
We will actively communicate your project to professional investors, business angels, equity funds, and we will assist you in advertising your investment opportunity.
We can also help you in finding alternative financing sources, such as public investment, strategic alliances, and so on. If we can, we will link you with anyone we think may be interested in collaborating with you at any level.
Absolutely. You can publish any contact information you want, and we encourage investor engagement and free communication. It's your project and you're your best salesman.
It's up to you to get back to your potential investors with any information, follow-up actions or advertising techniques you want.
You can, but make sure you don't break societary regulations or breach other investor's agreements in doing so. Proper legal counseling is advised.


text:
Shadow Lobbyist Scott Brown Must Tell New Hampshire Which Special Interests Are Lining His Pockets
Concord - Because the people of New Hampshire deserve to know which special interests are lining shadow lobbyist* Scott Brown's pockets since he left the Senate, the New Hampshire Democratic Party today is calling on Brown to release a list of his post-Senate clients that he has been working for ever since voters rejected him last November. The NHDP is launching a campaign that uses paid advertisements and online organizing tools to convince Brown to disclose whose side he's on and tell New Hampshire how he has been getting rich selling his government experience and influence to corporate special interests.
The petition can be found here: http://nhdp.org/tell-scott-brown-to-come-clean/. To see a preview of the ad click here.
"Shadow lobbyist Scott Brown is so desperate to get back to Washington to represent Wall Street, big banks, and big oil that he doesn't care what state he runs from," said New Hampshire Democratic Party Communications Director Harrell Kirstein. "But we don't know just whose bidding he has been doing since he decided to cash in."
"Before Scott Brown once again slinks across the border trying to pass himself off as a Granite Stater, he should come clean by disclosing a list of the clients he has been advising immediately. Granite Staters deserve to know which special interests have been lining his pockets since he left the Senate," Kirstein added.
Brown currently serves as a shadow lobbyist for the firm Nixon Peabody where by he is reportedly "cashing in on his contacts with the financial services industry, which he helped oversee in the Senate." Brown "received hefty donations from the industry during his race last year" and throughout his career which resulted in him being nicknamed Wall Street's favorite senator.
The NHDP's ads will run beginning today and up to Brown's visit to New Hampshire next week.
In 2012, Brown called on Elizabeth Warren to release a list of her legal clients and in his attacks suggested that elected officials had a responsibility to disclose the source of their income. Brown did not disclose his own legal clients at the time, however, which displays a level of secrecy and hypocrisy that won't fly in New Hampshire.
*A shadow lobbyist is a person who exploits loopholes in reporting laws to keep from registering as a lobbyist. Former elected officials often utilize reporting loopholes to circumvent the 2-year ban on lobbying, as well as to preserve future electoral prospects.
REPORT: Brown Joined Nixon Peabody Where He Would Focus On "Matters Relating To The Financial Services Industry." "Former senator Scott Brown said today he is joining the Boston law firm of Nixon Peabody, where he will focus on matters relating to the financial services industry and commercial real estate." [Boston Globe, Political Intelligence, 3/11/13]
REPORT: Brown's New Firm Said He Would "Be Involved In Businessand Governmental Affairs" Including A "Focus On The Financial Services Industry." "The firm said Brown would be involved in business and governmental affairs, with a focus on the financial services industry and commercial real estate." [Associated Press, 3/11/13]
Brown Said He'd Be Able To Use His "Expertise" On DC Politics At New Firm. "Brown said he would be able to share his 'expertise' in "the jungle of Washington politics." [Commonwealth Magazine, 3/11/13]
Brown Said He Would Navigate "The Jungle Of Washington Politics" For Clients. "Brown is prohibited by federal rules from lobbying for two years after leaving the Senate, but told reporters he didn't plan on doing any of that at Nixon Peabody, saying he would help clients navigate the 'jungle of Washington politics and letting them know maybe a better way, or a different way, of doing things.'" [Associated Press, 3/11/13]
REPORT: Brown's New Job Allowed Him "To Begin Cashing In On His Contacts With The Financial Services Industry" He Oversaw In The Senate. "The job allows Brown to begin cashing in on his contacts with the financial services industry, which he helped oversee in the Senate. He received hefty donations from the industry during his race last year against Warren." [Boston Globe, Political Intelligence, 3/11/13]
· REPORT: Brown Would "Be Leaning Heavily On His Washington Contacts" To Earn Business For His New Firm. "Brown, who lost his seat to Elizabeth Warren last year, will work out of the firm's Boston office, according to a press release from Nixon Peabody. Though he will be leaning heavily on his Washington contacts to drum up business for the firm, he will not be a lobbyist, according to Nixon Peabody officials." [Boston Globe, Political Intelligence, 3/11/13]


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Oh wow, can you believe it is already time for the famous holiday special you watch every single year? Bobby Hometown and Pretty Nancy are back, just like you watched last year, singing you all of your favorite holiday hits that you have heard before. Classic songs that you all love, like The Original Daddy, and I Will Be at Christmas. Gather up your human families to decorate the logs the Bobby and Nancy way, just like you have done before every year and will always do in years to come. You like this special. You liked it last year. Like it now. Christmas. Christmas. We are not aliens.
Natalie Moretti – Pretty Nancy, Brendan Duffy – Bobby Hometown
Oh, and Directed by Jenn Noyes
Call 312 929-2401 to purchase tickets or purchase them online. (Free for iO students and performers)Buy Tickets


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Home > Product Categories > Cable Assemblies > Video Cables > DIN 1.0 /2.3 Cables > DIN1505A
Item #: SWC-DIN1505A MFG #: DIN1505A
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Our DIN 1.0/2.3 connectors utilize a unique push/pull lock and release feature, simplifying installation and modification. They are 75 Ohm rated, compatible with the most widely used cable sizes, and can be terminated using a standard BNC crimp tool.
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Switchcraft DIN 1505 DIN 1.0 / 2.3
By Jason.x.C
from Northeast
About Me Power User
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Comments about SWITCHCRAFT CORPORATION Switchcraft DIN1505A DIN 1.0/2.3 Connector for Belden 1505A Cable:
Uses same cable prep as you would for BNC. Center core needs to be trimmed down a little before crimping. Crimp could be a little tighter.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Traditional front opening with fly. Integral absorbent pad (350ml), they are made from fully washable materials, combed cotton to provide the perfect fit.
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Note : Your Quotation Request will be directed to Millitech.
The PSP-42 from Millitech is a Waveguide Switch with Frequency 18 to 26.5 GHz, Power dBm 27 dBm, Power Watts 0.5 W, Peak power 10 W, Insertion Loss 1.2 to 2.0 dB. Tags: Pin Diode Switch. More details for PSP-42 can be seen below.
You can now find similar products from multiple companies on everything RF.


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Papua New Guinea is very varied in its cuisine. The traditional cuisine is heavy on exotic fruits like pineapples, pawpaw, mangos, passion fruit, bananas, avocado and it is based on crops like taro, kau kau, yams and sago. In Papua New Guinea, fish and seafood are very important in their cuisine. Pork meat is generally served for important feasts. Papua New Guinea is very varied and abundant in ingredients. People in Papua New Guinea have three main meals breakfast, lunch and dinner which they respect and fallow and of course snacks, desserts and beverages are also consumed daily. A traditional Papuan dish is mumu made with pork, sweet potatoes, rice and greens. Most dishes are cooked in a local under ground oven called mumu as their national dish. The vegetables are wrapped in herbs and leaves and cooked on hot stones and the meat is placed in the bottom of the oven. In the Papuan cuisine you may find European, Chinese and Indonesian influences.
This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.
- [×] Papua New Guinean Food Glossary (1 P)
- [+] Papua New Guinean Recipes (8 C, 12 P)
Pages in category "Papua New Guinean Cuisine"
This category contains only the following page.


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MCM Fit Guide - 8 Week Program
The workouts can be done at home. You do not have to have dumbbells but I recommend getting a pair. The workouts are reusable and can be repeated after the 8 weeks. You can make the exercises harder by adding or increasing weights and reputations. A full glossary with bigger pictures and explanation of every exercise is included.
2 total body circuits
3 total body workouts per week
4 Cardio options
A Treadmill Workout
62 page digital guide
A few quick food tips
Warm up and Stretching guides
Sample workout schedule
This program can be downloaded to your computer or phone.
10% of each sale will be donated to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
Megan is NSCA-Certified and Functional Movement Systems Certified and has a degree in Health and Exercise Science from the University of Oklahoma.
Have fun with the MCM Fit Guide
This guide can be done at home, in a gym, or you can take it outside!
MCM Runs
Megan is an avid runner and triathlete. She has completed 15 marathons, 25 half marathons, a 70.3 half Ironman, and a 140.6 Ironman. Check out Megan's blog to learn more about her running adventures.
Save Money with Bundles
Megan Mayer Fitness offers 3 bundles. The MCM Nutritional Bundle, the MCM Fit Guide and MCM Food Guide Bundle, and the MCM Ultimate Bundle.


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Suppose you were the person a distraught girl sought out to report that a youth minister had raped her in the stairwell right before church services. Suppose that young girl was only 13. Suppose you were on staff at that Mega-church. What comfort would you have offered that child? What action might you have taken to [Read More…]
Victory Christian Center: When Child Rape is not Child Abuse
Murder repeats itself
This weekend marks the anniversary of the murder of Karly Sheehan. Had she not been killed by her mother's boyfriend, Karly Sheehan would be celebrating the end of yet another year of elementary school. It's easy to imagine Karly lugging around a backpack, chatting with classmates about her summer plans, which surely would include yet [Read More…]
The prayers of children: Who will answer?
Chief of Police Stuart Roberts and I at last night's presentation on child abuse in Pendleton, which included Bryan Clark of Guardian Center (affiliate of the National Children's Alliance) and Linda Olsen and Joyce Turner from Children's Protective Services. Olsen, district supervisor for the region noted that one-hundred and eighty-nine children were confirmed for abuse [Read More…]


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As a little girl, I remember watching the grownups in my hometown Episcopal church cross themselves, and feeling like there was a secret I was not yet privy to but wanted to know. Sometime in high school, I started crossing myself at will, at the "Father, Son, and Holy Spirit" mentions, but also before and after communion, and whenever I thought it might fit.
The first time I felt silly. After that—though I didn't understand why—I liked this small movement, this physical manifestation of something that must be outside, but seemed also inside, something I wanted to be a part of. [Read more…]


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NAVIGATING my way to The Green Man was like following a convoluted treasure trail, though it was admittedly worth it.
Some of you may be wondering why PubSpy's been quite so far down the rabbit hole into Kent this week but in my defence, I was definitely on our patch when the signs drew me in.
Several more signs and country lanes later I had no idea where I was, but I liked it.
In a sweet location next to a pretty green and chocolate box cottages, the Green Man in Hodsoll Street is just the kind of country pub you would hope to stumble upon during a weekend walk.
In fact, it's likely that many do because there are signs by the door telling walkers that they are welcome, though they should take off or cover muddy boots.
When I arrived around lunchtime, I wasn't sure the place was open as the lights were all off, but the movement of people inside persuaded me to stoop through the low doorway and head to the bar.
It transpired a power cut was to blame – a common hazard of living in the countryside, I guess – but impressively back-up generators kicked in after a couple of minutes and the Rolling Stones' Sympathy for the Devil started up as the lights came on.
I did have sympathy for the devils having to deal with such outages.
When the lights came on, I was able to appreciate the countryside prettiness of this boozer; exposed brick fireplaces, those little antique plates and even bespoke placemats all pointed towards quaint Kentishness.
Behind the bar – which had little bowls of crisps dotted along it - were four decent ales, though I opted for a Thatcher's cider and my driver turned me green with envy with a delicious looking hot chocolate.
Looking around, it was clear the Green Man was not relying on walk-in walkers for custom, with most tables reserved for lunch.
The pretty watering hole may be tucked away but it has a full schedule of throughout the week to keep punters coming in, including quizzes, music and steak nights.
It may have been a twisting trek to get to The Green Man, but I've got to say the reward was worth it.
The Green Man, Hodsoll Street, near Meopham
How it rated:
Atmosphere**** Delightful
Price*** About right
Staff ***** Friendly
Drinks *** Adequate range
Decor **** Quaint and countrysidey


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Perfume (2001)
Scripted by L.M. Kit Carson and lensed by Michael Rymer, the pedigreed indie comedy Perfume (2001) captures a whirlwind week in the life of fashion-industry professionals during an important show in New York. Rymer's ensemble cast of characters includes a controversial photographer (Jared Harris), a bickering gay couple (Paul Sorvino and Peter Gallagher), and a harried designer (Rita Wilson). Oh yeah, and there are models. Lots and lots of models. Michelle Monaghan and Estella Warren barely...Join Mr. Skin for the full review >>


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1000 N Green Valley Parkway, #440-103, Henderson, NV 89074
other locations »
We're experts in residential and light-commercial heating and air conditioning systems. We serve Southern Nevada including Clark County, the City of Las Vegas, the City of North Las Vegas and the City of Henderson.
With more than 30 years experience working with climate controlled systems, we're best prepared to offer you indoor comfort solutions. With our industry leading expertise and commitment to higher quality customer service, we're a sure bet for your heating and air conditioning.. services.
We take the quality of our workmanship and service very seriously. When you have an unexpected failure our service technicians are trained to perform a complete diagnosis of your heating and cooling system to ensure we fix your problem right the first time.
We called Mike and he responded well..very polite and business-like. He said he would call 20 mins b4 arriving and come between 2-4p. At 5p, my husband called to check on his status and got a voicemail. We never heard back again. This was on New Year's Day and by the time we wanted to call another company, it was too late in the day to get anyone. THerefore, we had a cold night in our house! Don't bother with this company.
Posted: 1/11/2011 • Link to this review
I had four companies come out to troubleshoot and bid on our two AC units; Larson was the only company that took the time and effort to fully identify the full scope of issues. They also went the extra mile and got one of the units working while here. I cannot recommend them more highly - if you want the job done right the first time - call Larson.
Posted on Citysearch: 10/11/2010
My brother recommended these guys. I needed to have my air conditioning system replaced. They were very good at identifying exactly what I wanted and explaining my options.\rI shopped around for other bids, I felt most comfortable with Larson Air and the services and guarantees the offered up front.\rI'm very pleased with my decision, the installation went as planned, they cleaned up good after the work was done. The new system is working great! Thanks guys.
Posted on Citysearch: 5/13/2010


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Target stock fair value estimate raised to $58 from $56 at MKM Partners
Target stock price target raised to $46 from $44 at Gordon Haskett
The largest exchange-traded fund to track the retail sector rallied on Thursday, posting its biggest one-day advance since November after one of its largest components raised its outlook. The SPDR S&P Retail ETF closed 2.3% higher, its biggest one-day move since Nov. 22. More than 9.2 million shares exchanged hands, twice its 4.1 million 30-day average. The move came after Target Corp. forecast a surprise "modest increase" in same-store sales for the fiscal second quarter, citing improved traffic and sales trends. The stock rose 4.8% and boosted a number of brick-and-mortar retail stocks, which have been under pressure this year. Among other notable retailers, Wal-Mart Stores Inc. gained 1.5% and Macy's Inc. was up 4.1%. Despite the move on the day, the ETF remains down 9.4% on the year.
Target Corp. said rising store traffic helped turn comparable-store sales growth positive for the first time in a year, giving the retailer an early win in its bid to improve stores and lure shoppers with new brands.
Wal-Mart's stock rallies 1.4% premarket after rival Target gives upbeat sales, profit outlook
Shares of Target Corp. shot up 5.2% in premarket trade after the discount retail giant said it now expects a surprise "modest increase" in same-store sales for the fiscal second quarter, citing improved traffic and sales trends. The FactSet consensus was for a decline of 1.2%. The company said it now expects adjusted earnings per share "above the high end" of its previously provided guidance of 95 cents to $1.15, compared with the FactSet consensus of $1.06. Target said adjusted EPS are expected to include a tax benefit of 5 cents to 9 cents. "Following better-than-expected results in the first quarter, we've seen additional, broad-based improvement in traffic and category sales trends in the second quarter, despite continued challenges in the competitive environment," said Chief Executive Brian Cornell. The stock has tumbled 29.6% year to date through Wednesday, while the SPDR S&P Retail ETF has lost 11.4% and the S&P 500 has climbed 9.1%.
Target: Traffic, sales trends improved through first 2 months of Q2
Target sees 'modest increase' in Q2 same-store sales
Target jumps 5.2% premarket after upbeat guidance
Target now sees Q2 earnings above high-end of previous guidance
The warehouse club's shares were pummeled by the Amazon-Whole Foods announcement. They will rise.
Hispanic consumers in the U.S. are shopping less, Target's chief executive said, potentially deepening the country's retail woes.
The toy retailer, with $5 billion in debt, has spent $100 million over the past several years to generate more online sales. But cash-rich rivals are investing far more.
Among the companies with shares expected to trade actively in Friday's session are J.P. Morgan Chase & Co, Citigroup Inc., Advanced Micro Devices Inc., Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Snap Inc..
Delivering up-to-the minute news, analysis, interviews and explanatory journalism on logistics, supply-chain management, e-commerce and more
Let the recent volatility in retail stocks continue. On Thursday, Target Corp. raised its quarterly guidance for same-store sales and earnings. The company said store traffic is improving and that it plans to roll out four new exclusive brands.
Shoppers' retreat from department stores and mall chains is prompting stock traders to stalk the retail sector with a fervor unseen in years.
Target said rising store traffic helped turn comparable-store sales growth positive for the first time in a year, giving the retailer an early win in its bid to improve stores and lure shoppers.
Brandless, an e-commerce startup, is betting shoppers would pay $3 for generic versions of household staples rather than buy Colgate, Heinz and other big-name goods.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 have risen for seven straight quarters, fueled in part by investors' expectations for improved corporate earnings and U.S. economic growth.
The impact of the e-commerce giant's Whole Foods deal on online grocery services is still unclear, but one thing is certain: Competition is heating up. From Instacart to Peapod, firms are racing to gain a larger share of the fast-growing market.
Delivering up-to-the minute news, analysis, interviews and explanatory journalism on logistics, supply-chain management, e-commerce and more
Target is closing some stalwart brands and creating niche labels to draw shoppers seeking something special.
The company best known for selling plant-based food alternatives such as mayonnaise, salad dressing, cookies and cookie dough now aims to make meat that is grown in a lab.
Executives, beware of marijuana and adult toys. Joining an edgy enterprise such as a marijuana producer or marital-aids business could make it difficult to land a good role at a mainstream company later.
Despite challenges, consumer-staples companies continue to generate lots of cash, which supports dividends.
Sears Canada Inc., which operates more than 200 stores, has hired advisers and is preparing to file for bankruptcy protection in Canada, according to people familiar with the matter.
Amazon.com is giving shoppers another reason not to visit stores. The online giant is rolling out a free service to let its Prime members try on clothes at home, its latest attempt to crack into the fashion world.
Members of The Wall Street Journal's CFO Network and participating guests at the network's 2017 conference.
Should You Believe in Target's Turnaround?
DivGro Pulse: July 2017
3 Restaurant Stocks That Will Follow Chipotle Lower
The warehouse club's shares were pummeled by the Amazon-Whole Foods announcement. They will rise.
Inside My Portfolio: What I Hold And Why
Dividend Champion On Clearance Rack And In My Portfolio
When Divorce Becomes Inevitable: Preserve Capital And Grow Income
Reports that Wal-Mart (WMT) is trying to stoke a revolt against Amazon's (AMZN) Amazon Web Services (or AWS) highlight the risk of stepping on too many toes. Amazon, which first turned…
Court Place Advisors, LLC Buys United Rentals Inc, iShares MSCI Emerging Index Fund, United Parcel Service Inc, Sells ConocoPhillips
DGI For The DIY: Q2 2017 Review
Ranking The Dividend Aristocrats By Risk-Adjusted Returns
Buy Kroger Co (KR) Stock on the Overblown Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN) Threat
Here are four stocks with buy rank and strong value characteristics for investors to consider today, July 20th:
You Should Buy Any Dip in PayPal Holdings Inc (PYPL) Stock
It emerged recently that Wal-Mart (WMT) and other Amazon (AMZN) rivals are telling their technology suppliers to get out of Amazon's cloud if they want to keep their business. The Wall…
How Safe Are The Dividends Of These Stalwarts?
Baxter Appoints Cathy R. Smith to Its Board
Financialinsiders.com Earnings Recap Week Ending July 14th, 2017
Today's Research Reports on Stocks to Watch: Target Corporation and J.C. Penney
Target Updates Second Quarter 2017 Guidance
Long Island Iced Tea Corp. Continues Northeast Expansion, Announces New and Expanded Local Partnerships
Today's Research Reports on Trending Tickers: Sears Holdings and Target
Global Children's Wear Industry
Investors: Options reports for Advanced Micro Devices, Alibaba, Netflix, NVIDIA and Target
Today's Research Reports on Stocks to Watch: Rite Aid and Target
Target Announces Voting Results from 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
CORRECTING and REPLACING Target Corporation Announces 3.3 Percent Dividend Increase
Target Corporation Announces 3.3 Percent Dividend Increase
Discount, Variety Stores Stock Performance Review -- Wal-Mart Stores, Target, Ollie's Bargain Outlet, and Tuesday Morning
Earnings Highlights and Review: Target's Q1 Results Outshined Expectations
Target Corporation to Webcast 1st Quarter Earnings Conference Call on Wednesday, May 17, 2017
Today's Research: Target Unveils New Next Day Delivery Service and Office Depot Beats on Earnings
Target Corp. engages in owning and operating of general merchandise stores. It also operates SuperTarget stores with a line of food and general merchandise items and offers an assortment of general merchandise, including many items found in the company's stores and a complementary assortment, such as extended sizes and colors, sold only online. The company was founded by George Draper Dayton in 1902 and is headquartered in Minneapolis, MN. (See Full Profile)
|Chg %
|Market Cap
|Tuesday Morning Corp.
|Costco Wholesale Corp.
|Fred's Inc.
|Sears Holdings Corp.
|Dollar Tree Inc.
Storyful, a division of News Corp, which owns MarketWatch, is a leading social media services company headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. Storyful combines world class journalism with industry-leading technology to discover, verify and acquire original content and provide the on-the-ground sources news and media organizations need to tell the stories that matter to their audience.


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Older Man Pushes Job for Old Folks
European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet suggested an interesting idea Monday for fixing Europe's fiscal problems: get a bunch of smart, older people to help run the show.
In remarks to the European Parliament, Mr. Trichet supported the creation of a panel of "wise men and women" to provide a "second opinion" on fiscal policies around the European Union.
This raises the question: Who is in charge of Europe now? Is the European Commission, the EU's executive arm, populated by young hot heads? What about the heads of the EU national governments — not wise enough to run a country?


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Smart Giving
Maximizing your charitable dollars through donations of appreciated stocks and mutual funds.
December 18, 2008
Sponsored by Fidelity Charitable Services®
For most Americans, charitable giving is an essential part of their lives. Eighty-three percent of Americans give annually to charity1 and such giving is a significant part of spending at all income levels. How the vast majority of all charitable giving is done is in the form of cash. The latest available Internal Revenue Service data2 show that charitable giving by individuals itemizing deductions amounted to $166 billion, with 74 percent of the donations ($123 billion) being cash. Findings from Fidelity Investment's report, "Smart Giving: Maximizing Your Charitable Dollars Through Donations of Appreciated Stocks and Mutual Funds," reveals there is a more tax-efficient way of giving that could save Americans billions of dollars or allow them to give billions more instead.
Fidelity reports that 10 to 20 million American households have the potential to realize additional tax savings of $2.2 billion to $4.5 billion annually3 by gifting appreciated securities — stocks, bonds, mutual funds — to charity or to a donor-advised fund instead of gifting cash directly to charities.
The research uncovers that most of the barriers to taking advantage of this straightforward strategy are a result of lack of awareness of the benefits. Only three in 10 Americans surveyed (32%) were aware of the tax advantages of donating appreciated securities. Additionally, respondents said they didn't want to give up their high-performing securities (not realizing they can immediately re-purchase them), there is too much paperwork, or their gifts are too many/too small. Only seven percent of respondents cited not having appreciated securities. Based on a random sample of 50,000 Fidelity customer households with at least $25,000 in securities, over 90 percent of the households can donate $10,000 completely in appreciated securities. For the year 2004, the median federal tax savings that could have been realized from donating $10,000 in appreciated securities from this sample was $449. This tax savings is over and above the tax savings from making a cash donation.
Additionally, the research discusses how most of the barriers to gifting with appreciated securities can be addressed with more efficient giving vehicles, specifically donor-advised funds (DAFs).
Donor-advised funds enable one donation of securities for an immediate tax benefit that can then be converted into many smaller donations to charities over time and have little paperwork when compared to giving directly to a charity. Though a simple and effective strategy to more tax-efficiently give to charity, only a small percentage of charitable donors (3%) own DAFs. Ninety-four percent of respondents either haven't heard of a DAF at all or only know a little bit about them.
The report concludes that investor education is needed to close this knowledge gap about the tax savings opportunities of gifting with appreciated securities and the ways that donor-advised funds make such giving easy. Such an effort could help millions of American households sustain — and perhaps increase — the giving they already intend to do, ultimately benefiting America's charitable organizations.
Learn More
For more information about how to make charitable planning part of your client offering or to request a complimentary copy of Fidelity's study about tax efficient giving through appreciated securities, call a Planned Giving Specialist at 1-800-280-6357 or visit www.FidelityCharitableServices.com today.
1 A 2006 online survey of 2,939 U.S. adults conducted by Harris Interactive® between December 4 and 6, 2006 for The Wall Street Journal Online.
2 Latest available IRS data is for tax year 2004.
3 Based on itemized cash giving of $123 billion, tax savings calculations with Fidelity accounts, and estimates of the percentage of households who own stocks or mutual funds outside of a retirement account among those households who itemize deductions.
The Fidelity® Charitable Gift FundSM is an independent public charity with a donor advised fund program. Various Fidelity companies provide non-discretionary investment management and administrative services to the Gift Fund. Charitable Gift Fund is a service mark and Giving Account® is a registered service mark, of the Trustees of the Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund. Fidelity and Fidelity Investments are registered service marks of FMR LLC, used by the Gift Fund under license.


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Professor Samuel Hunt arrives in the picturesque Spanish city, where time seems to slow down, and is intrigued by the narrow streets, squares with an atmosphere of the Middle Ages, the silence and calm. But does this peaceful atmosphere conceal some longstanding dark secrets? A young man, formerly known for his honesty, has recently been caught stealing treasures, and now some local families have renewed wounds of past grievance, the secrets of which have been taken to the grave. However, if the professor is to find the answers he seeks, he is compelled to unravel the entangled threads. Professor Hunt finds a mysterious music box, an iron door in the church which has not been opened for a hundred years, and a series of strange letters - but will the Lost Sword of Toledo be found?800 MB
Minimum System requirements / Sistem gerekirliği :
İşletim Sistemi: Windows XP/Vista
İşlemci: Pentium 4 @ 1.6 GHz or Equivalent
Ram: 512 MB
Hdd: 2 GB Free
Ekran Kartı: 64 MB (nVidia GeForce 3 Ve Diğer Serileri)
Sound Card: DirectX Compatible
DirectX: 9.0c
Keyboard & Mouse
CD/DVD Rom Drive
İşletim Sistemi: Windows XP/Vista
İşlemci: Pentium 4 @ 2 GHz or Equivalent
Ram: 1 GB
Hdd: 2 GB Free
Ekran Kartı: 128 MB (nVidia GeForce 6600)
Sound Card: DirectX Compatible
DirectX: 9.0c
Keyboard & Mouse
CD/DVD Rom Drive
1 unrar
2 instal
3 play
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