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Detecting non-coding selective pressure in coding regions
First International Conference on Phylogenomics
First International Conference on Phylogenomics
Comparative genomics approaches, where orthologous DNA regions are compared and inter-species conserved regions are identified, have proven extremely powerful for identifying non-coding regulatory regions located in intergenic or intronic regions. However, non-coding functional elements can also be located within coding region, as is common for exonic splicing enhancers, some transcription factor binding sites, and RNA secondary structure elements affecting mRNA stability, localization, or translation. Since these functional elements are located in regions that are themselves highly conserved because they are coding for a protein, they generally escaped detection by comparative genomics approaches.
We introduce a comparative genomics approach for detecting non-coding functional elements located within coding regions. Codon evolution is modeled as a mixture of codon substitution models, where each component of the mixture describes the evolution of codons under a specific type of coding selective pressure. We show how to compute the posterior distribution of the entropy and parsimony scores under this null model of codon evolution. The method is applied to a set of growth hormone 1 orthologous mRNA sequences and a known exonic splicing elements is detected. The analysis of a set of
Non-coding functional elements, in particular those involved in post-transcriptional regulation, are likely to be much more prevalent than is currently known. With the numerous genome sequencing projects underway, comparative genomics approaches like that proposed here are likely to become increasingly powerful at detecting such elements.
Vertebrate genomes are now recognized as containing a huge number of non-coding functional regions, a large fraction of which is likely to be involved in regulating the various steps of gene expression
The search for CRUNCS is more challenging. Although the same "conservation implies function" principle applies in this case, it needs to be used more cautiously. Indeed, CRUNCS are
The method suggested here takes a conservative approach to the problem. Given a set of aligned orthologous coding sequences, we first evaluate the degree of conservation of each column of the alignment, using either a parsimony score or an entropy score. We then put the burden of explaining the conservation observed as much as possible on the shoulders of the selective pressure on the protein product. Because most amino acids are encoded by many synonymous codons, amino acid selective pressure leaves room for some sequence variation. A region of the sequence will be predicted to be an CRUNCS only if the conservation observed cannot be explained solely by the need for conservation of the encoded amino acids. The method introduced here build a mixture model of codon evolution, and then uses it as a null model to assess the significance of the observed degree of conservation. We illustrate our approach on two sets of orthologous vertebrate genes (growth hormone 1 and
Results and Discussion
Given a multiple alignment of orthologous mRNA sequences, our goal is to identify alignment columns that are conserved beyond what would be expected by chance if the corresponding sites were evolving only under the selective pressure on the amino acid they contribute to encode. Such sites are likely to be under non-coding selective pressure. This section, which constitutes the main contribution of this paper, is structured as follows. First, we define two commonly used sequence conservation scoring methods: the entropy, and the parsimony score. We then describe a methods for assigning a p-value to a given entropy or parsimony score, under null models of evolution of codons that are only under coding selective pressure. Under this method, we model codon evolution as a mixture of codon substitution models and use these models to assign a posterior p-value to a given conservation score.
Two measures of sequence conservation
A number of methods have been proposed to measure the degree of conservation of a set of orthologous sequences and to identify regions under selective pressure (see
In the area of transcription factor binding sites detection, a popular method for evaluating sequence conservation is the entropy (see, for example,
Parsimony score
A major drawback of the entropy score is that it does not take into consideration the phylogenetic relationships among the sequences being compared, and indeed the method is mostly used for motif discovery within a single species. An alternative to the entropy score is the parsimony score
Figure 1
Example of alignment columns where parsimony score and relative entropy differ greatly in their assessment of sequence conservation
Example of alignment columns where parsimony score and relative entropy differ greatly in their assessment of sequence conservation.
Conservation p-values under a mixture of codon models
In this section, we introduce a null model of coding sequence evolution that consists of a mixture of codon substitution models representing the evolution of codons that are under different types of
Mixture models for codon evolution
Different positions in a protein sequence are usually subject to different types of coding selective pressures. Some are constrained to have a specific amino acid (e.g. the active site in a zinc finger has to be a cystein), while others are free to have any residues with some particular chemical properties (say, a hydrophobic residue), and still others are under little or no selective pressure at all. Selective pressure on amino acids translates into selective pressure on codons, which explains part of the sequence conservation observed at the mRNA level in coding exons. We describe a mixture model of amino acid evolution, and the corresponding mixture model of codon evolution. We derive a set of 50 amino acid substitution rate matrices
We learn amino acid functional categories using the Pfam database of amino acid sequence alignments of protein domains
The stationary amino acid distributions
Figure 2
Mixture of codon substitution models based on amino acid functionality classes
Mixture of codon substitution models based on amino acid functionality classes. (Top) Stationary distributions estimated from the Pfam database for the 50 functional classes. Each row corresponds to one class. The numbers on the right are the prior probability of each class. (Bottom) Two examples of codon rates matrices, where dark cells correspond to high substitution rates and light cells to low rates. The left matrix corresponds to a functional class that favors hydrophobic residues (ILV), while the right matrix comes from a class that favors the glycine amino acid (G).
Amino acid and codon substitution rate matrices
For each of the 50 classes above, an amino acid substitution rate matrix and a codon substitution rate matrix are derived. We first compute the probability of each Pfam alignment column to belong to each of the classes, and use these to estimate the probability of amino acid and codon transitions between human and mouse sequences. Rate matrices are then derived from these empirically estimated transition probabilities matrices. The detailed procedure is described in Methods.
Distribution of conservation scores
We now return to the problem of identifying regions under non-coding selective pressure in a multiple alignment of orthologous coding mRNA sequences
To describe more formally our null model of sequence evolution, we need to introduce some notation. Let
We are interested in computing the distribution of the conservation score of a given position
We will show how to compute Pr[
Define (
Implementation optimizations and computational complexity analysis are given in Methods.
Distribution of parsimony scores
The method described in the previous section can be surprisingly easily modified to compute the conditional p-value of parsimony scores instead of that of the entropy score. We need to redefine the random variable
Posterior distributions of conservation scores
Having shown how to compute the p-value of a given entropy or parsimony score under a fixed codon rate matrix, it is simple to compute posterior p-values for the case where the functional class is not known in advance. Consider a given set of aligned codons
where Pr[
and similarly for parsimony scores p-values.
Conditional p-values
An alternative to trying to guess the type of selective pressure under which a given codon evolves is to use a single codon rate matrix but subject to the constraint that the random codon generated at each leaf has to encode the amino acid that was actually observed at that leaf. This approach was originally proposed by Blanchette
Figure 3
Example of codons where the posterior p-values under the mixture of codon models differs significantly from p-values obtained from the conditional p-value method
Example of codons where the posterior p-values under the mixture of codon models differs significantly from p-values obtained from the conditional p-value method. Amino acids V,A,G,D,L do not have any common properties, so, under the codon mixture model, the column is assigned to a functional class with little selective pressure, explaining why the p-value produced for the first codon position is small. In contrast, under the conditional p-value approach, the amino acids almost completely determine the first codon position (the only exception being the Fugu codon, encoding a leucine, which could have used a T at the first position), so a poor p-value is reported.
A sliding window approach
Until now, we have shown two ways to compute p-values for individual alignment columns. Since most non-coding functional elements are expected to span several consecutive positions (5-15nt for transcription factor binding sites and exonic splicing enhancers, and up to a few hundred nucleotides for RNA secondary structure elements), we can improve the sensitivity of the method by using a simple sliding window approach. For each position
The algorithms were implemented in C++ and the program is available upon request. A number of optimizations described in
Analysis of simulated data
We first verify that the p-values computed by our approach have the basic properties we would expect of them. To start, we confirm that sequences evolving under the null model obtain p-values that are approximately uniformly distributed. This would be a trivial statement if the functional category of each site was known, but in the absence of such prior knowledge, the uniformity of p-values under the null model is less obvious. To this end, we simulated the evolution of a 50 kb region of DNA, with each codon belonging to one of the 50 rate categories described above. Sequences were evolved along the branches of the 69-leaf phylogenetic tree derived from the GH1 data set described below. Figure
Figure 4
Distribution of the p-values obtained on a set of 50-kb sequences evolving according to the null model
Distribution of the p-values obtained on a set of 50-kb sequences evolving according to the null model. The tree used for the simulation is the same as that for the GH1 dataset (see below).
Analysis biological data
We illustrate our approach on two sets of orthologous mRNA sequences: a set of 69 vertebrate growth hormone 1 (
Figure 5
Dark curve: compounded parsimony p-values for the
Dark curve: compounded parsimony p-values for the
Figure 6
Comparison of the posterior p-values obtained from the entropy and parsimony scores, under the mixture of codon models, on the
Comparison of the posterior p-values obtained from the entropy and parsimony scores, under the mixture of codon models, on the
Figure 7
Comparison of the p-values obtained from the parsimony scores, under the mixture of codon models and under the conditional probability computation
Comparison of the p-values obtained from the parsimony scores, under the mixture of codon models and under the conditional probability computation.
Finally, the analysis of the
Figure 8
Dark curve: compounded parsimony p-values for the
Dark curve: compounded parsimony p-values for the
With the many genome sequencing projects rapidly producing vertebrate genomic data, comparative genomic approaches are becoming increasingly powerful. In the case of CRUNCS, additional data is often available in the form of ESTs and cDNAs. We believe that within one year or two, there will be sufficient data for accurate detection of CRUNCS in vertebrate genes, using methods like those described here. Once many CRUNCS will have been detected, the next step will of course be to assign functions to these elements. Although the last word will remain with experimentalists, we have good hopes that more advanced bioinformatics approaches will yield insights into these questions.
Finally, we expect that organisms that are under severe genome size constraints, in particular bacteria and viruses, will more often use CRUNCS. We believe that our approaches will prove particularly fruitful to analyze these genomes.
Estimating amino acid stationary distributions for each class
The Pfam database consists of a set of multiple alignments of homologous protein domain sequences. For some domains, the database contains several sequences that are very closely related. To reduce biases due to this over-representation, one member of any pair of domain sequences that share more than 60% identity is discarded. Let
For simplicity, we assume that the amino acids in a given column are drawn independently from the same unknown amino acid distribution. Let
We search for the distributions
Initialized with noisy uniform distributions, the algorithm converges quickly (less than 50 iterations) to the local optimum depicted in Figure
Estimating amino acid and codon rate matrices
Once the amino acid distributions
Finally, we estimate the instantaneous rate matrix
Note that the codon substitution rates we obtain are slightly underestimating the true rates for sites evolving only under coding selective pressure, because some sequences in Pfam are likely to be evolving slower due to non-coding selective pressure. However, we expect that this underestimation is negligible as the fraction of such sites is likely to be small. In any case, underestimating the rates will only cause conservative estimates of the conservation p-values.
Computing entropy and parsimony score p-values
The probabilities Pr[
To study the complexity of the resulting algorithm for the entropy p-value computation, observe that the hash table associated with node
The hash table implementation works well in the case of parsimony score p-value computation too, especially with the following optimizations. First, for binary trees, the only choices of
Conditional P-values
The method of conditional p-values, introduced by Blanchette
This p-value can be computed in a manner that is similar to the Equation 2. Let us denote by
where Pr[
Authors' contributions
Chen implemented the program for the posterior p-value computation, for learning amino acid functional classes, and for learning the rate matrices associated to each class, and did some of the data analysis. Blanchette was responsible for the original ideas and mathematical derivations, for some of the data analysis, and for writing the paper.
Supplementary data
Multiple alignments, phylogenetic trees and detailed results are available at
We would like to thank Martin Tompa, Saurabh Sinha, Adam Siepel, and David Haussler for useful discussions early in this project. We also thank the editor Hervé Philippe and one anonymous referee for their hard work on this manuscript and for their useful suggestions.
This article has been published as part of
Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome
Identification and characterization of multi-species conserved sequences
Genome-wide computation prediction of transcriptional regulatory modules reveals new insights into human gene expression
Evaluation of regulatory potential and conservation scores for detecting cis-regulatory modules in aligned mammalian genome sequences
Pre-mRNA splicing in the new millenium
Predictive identification of exonic splicing enhancers in human genes
mRNA openers and closers: modulating AU-rich element-controlled mRNA stability by a molecular switch in mRNA secondary structure
mRNA localization: message on the move
Determinants of translational fidelity and efficiency in vertebrate mRNAs
Regulation of translation via mRNA structure in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Statistical evidence for conserved, local secondary structure in the coding regions of eukaryotic mRNAs and pre-mRNAs
Transcriptional regulation of CD28 expression by CD28GR, a novel promoter element located in exon 1 of the CD28 gene
Discovery of Regulatory elements by a computational method for phylogenetic footprinting
Intronic sequences flanking alternatively spliced exons are conserved between human and mouse
An initial strategy for the systematic identification of functional elements in the human genome by low-redundancy comparative sequencing
Evolutionarily conserved elements in vertebrate, insect, worm, and yeast genomes
A comparative analysis method for detecting binding sites in coding regions
Comparison of five methods for finding conserved sequences in multiple alignments of gene regulatory regions
Unsupervised learning of multiple motifs in biopolymers using expectation maximization
Toward Defining the Course of Evolution: Minimum Change for a Specified Tree Topology
Minimal mutation trees of sequences
A Bayesian mixture model for across-site heterogeneities in the amino-acid replacement process
The Pfam protein families database
Dirichlet mixtures: a method for improved detection of weak but significant protein sequence homology
Codon usage tabulated from international DNA sequence databases: status for the year 2000
Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach
Mapping the SF2/ASF binding sites in the bovine growth hormone exonic splicing enhancer
Supplemental material


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April 22, 2010
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"Second Choices" is the twentieth episode of the third season of Private Practice and the 51st produced episode of the series. It is also the 172nd produced episode of the Grey's Anatomy franchise. It was broadcast on April 22, 2010.
After her open-ended escape to Costa Rica, Violet finally returns home and to the practice. Everyone treads a little lightly around her, especially Pete and Addison who have mixed feelings about Violet's desire to reconnect with Lucas. Meanwhile Amelia butts into Sam's personal life, pointing out that he can mend hearts in the OR but can't seem to do that for himself. Sheldon encourages Charlotte to reconcile with Cooper, while Cooper deals with a young patient who eats everything in sight.
- "There's No Way" - Sam Bisbee
- "Silver Lining" - Oh Ruin
- "Getting By" - The Robotanists
- "And The Birds Sing" - Tyrone Wells
- Although creditited, Audra McDonald (Naomi) and Chris Lowell (Dell) do not appear in this episode.
- This episode aired at a different timeslot to the rest of the third season, airing an hour earlier at 9/8c (the usual time slot occupied by Grey's Anatomy which didn't air) rather than Private Practice's usual 10/9c slot. This was done as a rating experiment to see if Private Practice would serve better as a lead into Grey's Anatomy, and not vice versa.

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A Full Service Accounting and Tax Firm
We believe numbers without meaning are useless. Our mission is to become your trusted business advisor. Our Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) are passionate about your success and we take the time to provide a real understanding of the numbers that matter to your small business and personal finances.
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The Reserve Bank of Australia decided that the threat of further inflationary pressures must be over and therefore thought the best option was to sit tight and leave interest rates where they are.
Not surprisingly, those that would/could have suffered the most from an interest rate rise – retailers – were quick out of the stalls to endorse the RBA's decision.
Human quote machine Gerry Harvey of retailer Harvey Norman (ASX: HVN) told Bloomberg News, "Consumers will celebrate the decision, it will be good for them and that will flow through to the economy." He went on, "Our business is recording strong gains and inflation is low. That's a perfect scenario for the economy."
In other comments by retailers to Bloomberg, Michael Beagley the managing director of Sydney menswear store Rodd & Gunn Ltd said "Inflation is under control and there isn't much pressure coming through from wages. The economy is in a happy place at the moment, so there is no need to change that and increase rates."
From the analysts' side, market economist Rob Henderson at National Australia Bank (ASX: NAB) commented that "It's likely the Reserve Bank will have to revise down its inflation forecast, but they'll have to balance that by pointing out that there are still inflation risks."
Would it be cruel of us to say that that is classic economist speak? Having a couple of bob each way. If Henderson was playing chess he would have just put you in checkmate with that comment. In other words what he's really saying is "the inflation rate could fall, but it could also rise."
Wow! If only we thought of that logic we could have cleaned up at the races.
It's just a shame that the resources boom is still running hot and the price of a barrel of crude oil is still firmly entrenched in the USD$60 plus price range.
Comments such as these from Henderson and even those in various industries such as retailing where they all regale us with stories about how good and strong the economy is and how the stars are aligned and that everything is looking perfect for the economy. "Where is the risk?"
All sounds a bit year 2000 doesn't it as stock prices soared, the new economy was laughing in the face of the old economy, until… someone shouted, "the emperor's got no clothes!"
Then as quick as a flash investors realised that companies couldn't justify a price to earnings ration of 2,000x. They also soon realised that proper companies did have real cash coming into the company as opposed to 'revenue' from advertising swapping (you advertise on my website, we'll advertise on yours and we'll pay each other a huge amount for the privilege which can be recorded as income and expenditure).
It took a while before that creative accountancy scam was unveiled. Now, we are certainly not saying that the resources boom is identical to the dot- com bust, however, some of the over-optimism on inflation, interest rates and the current lack of wages pressure makes one feel that we wouldn't be surprised if something did suddenly appear from left-field.
Kris Sayce
for the Markets and Money Australia


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I will post 4 matchups per blog, 2 blogs a week (hopefully). So if you vote, ideally you should have 4 choices in your comment. You don't have to vote on each matchup, but all votes are appreciated. Voting will go Monday through Thursday on the first set of matchups in a week and Thursday through Sunday on the second set of matchups. Basically, when the next part of a round goes up, the voting ends on the last one. The games were randomly slotted in the bracket which is why you may see to shitty games go against each other and 2 good games go against each other.
These games are in my backlog. Your duty is to pick one game per matchup that you think I should play. Base your decision on whatever you want. I will play and beat the game that wins the tournament.
Winners of the last part were...Halo Reach, Rayman and the other two were ties, so last second voting goes to Mass Effect 3 and Bioshock 2.
Mass Effect 3 (Xbox 360)
Halo Reach (Xbox 360)
Bioshock 2 (Xbox 360)
Rayman (Xbox 360)
The two winners will matchup with each other next week.


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Silicone Bowls, Sets of 3 - Sur La Table
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Fine Arts Career Services Funding Opportunities
FACS currently offers 4 funding opportunities for current students:
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Intern Scholarship
Fine Arts Careers Services (FACS) and the College of Fine Arts (CoFA) are pleased to announce two intern scholarship funds: The Meredith and Cornelia Long Internship Fund and the Becker Intern Scholarship. These need-based scholarships offer undergraduate and graduate fine arts majors the opportunity to professionalize their artistic and entrepreneurial ambitions. Students must demonstrate significant financial need in order to receive a scholarship.
Students may apply for up to $2,000 of funding to support their internship experience. Students who are traveling outside of Austin for their internship may apply for an additional $1,000 to use towards travel and lodging.
See application for eligibly and application instructions.
Summer Semester Funding: Deadline Extended to April 17, 2017
Fall Semester Funding: Deadline Extended to August 1, 2017
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Professional Development Travel Initiative
The College of Fine Arts (CoFA) and Fine Arts Career Services (FACS) are pleased to offer financial support to qualifying groups of students who design their own professional development travel opportunities through the Professional Development Travel Initiative (PDTI). The PDTI provides up to $700 per student for short-term (3-5 day) group travel to professional development opportunities. All currently enrolled undergraduates whose majors are in CoFA are eligible to apply. Groups should be between 2-5 students. Individuals will be considered in rare cases, but priority will be given to groups.
See application for eligibly and application instructions.
Samples of past PDTI Applications
Funding for Jan 1 - June 30, 2017: December 1, 2016
Funding for July 1 - December 31, 2017: Deadline Extended to August 1, 2017
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Civic Engagement Grant
Fine Arts Careers Services (FACS) and the College of Fine Arts (CoFA) are pleased to announce the Glenn & Louan Rogers Civic Engagement Grant. This $2,500 grant offers one undergraduate CoFA student the opportunity to propose and conduct an arts-based civic engagement project that serves the UT or Austin community. We are seeking a broad range of project proposals. Be creative with your ideas! This is a competitive grant and the recipient(s) must have prior experience with leadership and civic engagement activities. Groups will also be considered.
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Financial assistance is available on a case-by-case basis for the NY Seminar through the FACS New York Seminar Grant. (Please note that you cannot receive PDTI funding and the New York Seminar Grant for the same trip.) For more information please visit the FACS New York Seminar page.
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Arthur Levitt, chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, has made it a point in recent years to call on mutual fund directors to stand up for the interests of fund shareholders against those of the companies that market funds and manage their portfolios. But increasingly, directors who have taken Mr. Levitt's admonitions to heart have found themselves in heated disputes with all of those parties.
In the most recent example of such a dispute, Donald Yacktman, manager of the Yacktman Fund, tried last fall to force out three of the fund's independent directors after they questioned him about his management and lagging performance. Fund shareholders supported Mr. Yacktman in a proxy battle in which he sought to replace the directors.
The fight had echoes of last year's battle between Louis Navellier and directors of the Navellier funds. In both situations, the directors complained that the S.E.C. failed to support them after calling for directors generally to be more rigorous in protecting shareholders' interests.
Now, at a special conference, the S.E.C. will try to address the issues faced by directors. The conference, scheduled for Feb. 23 and 24 at the S.E.C.'s headquarters in Washington, will explore what the S.E.C. calls ''the critical watchdog role that independent directors play in protecting the interests of fund shareholders.''
The public meeting will bring together independent directors, senior fund executives, fund lawyers, investor advocates, leading academics and others, who will try to make recommendations to improve the current system of fund governance. EDWARD WYATTContinue reading the main story


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Indian M&E industry crawls at 1.3% to touch Rs 591.6 bn in 2009: KPMG
MUMBAI: The Indian media and entertainment industry, which went through a tough phase in the last two years due to a slowdown in the economy, has registered a measly 1.3 per cent growth in 2009 to touch Rs 591.59 billion.
The M&E sector is hurt by a slump in advertising budgets that account for almost 40 per cent of its revenues, according to the Ficci-KPMG report that is to be released tomorrow at Frames 2010.
The TV industry, however, displayed an almost double digit growth, mainly on account of subscription revenues. Advertising revenues also showed positive growth, the study said.
Internet, gaming and animation also showed signs of double digit growth, albeit on a smaller base.
Some sectors were impacted more than the others like OOH and films, both of which registered a negative growth during the year. Even in 2010, they are expected to recover with an almost flat or moderate growth rate. Sectors like print, radio and music either remained flat or showed a very moderate growth.
For 2008, KPMG had assessed the industry at Rs 584 billion, a 12 per cent increase over the year-ago period.
Interestingly, in its report last year, KPMG had projected a 12.5 per cent CAGR over five years - from Rs 584 billion in 2008 to Rs 1052 billion by 2013.
KPMG forecasts a stronger recovery in 2010 as the economy improves. Growth in the M&E industry is expected to be driven, amongst other factors, by subscription revenues through enhanced penetration and expansion of digital delivery infrastructure.
The report says that rising disposable incomes of the working population and increased spend on discretionary items, not only in Tier I but also Tier II and III cities, is expected to continue impacting the M&E industry favourably.
It also suggests that growth of newer delivery platforms with superior technology and functionality is likely to expand horizons for the M&E business. Aspirations of Indian players to go global and foreign players entering the industry will also help the sector post a double digit growth in the next five years.
The report also states that the role of new media is becoming increasingly important in the distribution portfolio of advertisers. Focus on talent development, consumer research and innovation will help the players in differentiating themselves amidst growing competition.
It observes that 2009 was a year marked with innovations and cost efficiencies which came about in all the sectors, more as a necessity to combat the pressures on bottom line. Newer content formats and strategies adopted by the players in the industry ensured that customers had more choices. Cost efficiencies, which came about last year, proved to be a silver lining in a bad year.
The FICCI-KPMG report has identified 10 key drivers for the growth of the M&E industry.
1.Digitisation: Availability and penetration of newer distribution platforms will benefit the M&E industry in years to come.
2.Regionalisation: Regionalisation across Print, TV, Music, Films and Radio increased in 2009. It will be one of the significant factors driving growth with growing increase in literacy, consumption and disposable incomes in Tier II and III cities.
3.Convergence: Advertisers are looking at multiple delivery platforms for content to break through the clutter in existing platforms. The new media is merging the functionalities of customer end terminal devices like TV, PCs, Mobile phones.
4.Consolidation: With entry of newer players the industry is increasingly becoming fragmented. Increasing competition is expected to give way to consolidation of operations.
5.Competition: The entry of newer players has had a positive impact on the overall market as it has helped in expanding the market size. This will continue in future with new players emerging to capture newer set of audiences with advancements in their product, marketing and distribution to tap these customer segments.
6.Talent development: Investment in educational institutions providing specialised courses for skilled technicians is a step in the right direction to develop talent and meet the demand of the industry.
7.Innovation: Innovation across product, process, marketing, distribution and business model is essential for players to adapt to the changing market scenario, technology and consumer behaviour.
8.Growing importance of pay markets: Subscription revenues are becoming important with consumers paying for media services. The growth in ticket prices of movies at multiplexes, increasing number of Pay TV subscribers, increasing penetration of DTH and introduction of VAS by media players are some examples of pay markets gaining importance.
9.Consumer research: With increasing fragmentation of audiences and competition within and from outside media sectors, it is becoming difficult for players in the M&E industry to rely purely on past experience and creative expression.
10.Focus on 360 degree connect: The players are taking the help of multiple touch points at the same time to communicate to the consumer across platforms like TV, Print, Radio, OOH, Films, Internet, Mobile and Retail.
Meanwhile, the report quotes that the amount of media spends in India is 0.41 per cent of the GDP, which is half of the world's average of 0.80 per cent and is much less compared to developed countries like USA and Japan.
Also, the current media spend per capita for India is very low at $4 compared to the other countries. Even though it is difficult to reach the levels of countries like US, Japan and UK, due to a very large population base and lower spending power per capita, there is scope to follow China and enhance this ratio.


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The Violation Of Missy Monroe: A Lesbian Gang BangFavorites [+]
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Running Time: 84 minutes
Released: 08/2005
Studio Name: JM Productions
Series: The Violation Of
Director: Jim Powers
Description: O.K., when it all comes down to it and we give every possible award to this series, one has to sit up and smell the coffee. Sure, you can put a handful of contract girls together on a soundstage and have some fag direct them but what you get is routine porn. Jim Powers takes lez crazed porn queens and turn them loose on a girl willing to be the sexual center of attention for two hours. This is the shit.
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Studio: JM Productions
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New Orleans Newspaper
January 9, 2011 by staff
New Orleans Newspaper, The most influential newspaper in the Gulf of Mexico took a critical look at the string of post-oil from the sea disaster and wondered if the green light from U.S. government should instead be a flashing yellow warning.
In an extensive article published Sunday in The New Orleans Times-Picayune and written by journalist Bob Marshall, the paper addresses many issues toxicologists and health professionals have raised the issue of security guarantees seafood
The newspaper notes that skepticism is widespread, even among those living in the Gulf region.
"Sales of seafood caught locally are down and some restaurants still will not serve," said Marshall.
The final concern is the basis for determining safe levels of personal contamination, implying an average weight of 176 pounds and an average weekly consumption of seafood by residents of the Gulf.
Many observers believe the level of weight too high, especially in leaving children at risk and the consumption level is too low for a normal diet of those living on or near the Gulf and integrate local seafood in their daily diet.
USDA officials, the Food and Drug Administration and Health in the Gulf States have collaborated on various tests of seafood and to set safe limits. But as pointed out by newspaper article, "Like most programs, foodanlysis, it does not certify products that are free from contamination, or even safe for all consumers. Rather, it attempts to establish a likelihood of lifetime cancer that is deemed appropriate by the risk managers.
"In this case, FDA and state officials said they decided the risk was a proper party 1-for-100, 000 chance of contracting cancer 176-pound person at times during its life life of 78 years if specified eat seafood every day for five consecutive years. "
The full article can be found at http://www.nola.com/news/gulf-oil-spill/index.ssf/2010/12/safety_of_gulf_seafood.html
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- Balance Disorders Slideshow
- Take the Vertigo Quiz
- Tinnitus Slideshow: Why Are My Ears Ringing?
- Patient Comments: Dizziness - Diagnosis
- Patient Comments: Dizziness - Causes
- Patient Comments: Dizziness - Standing Up
- Patient Comments: Dizziness - Treatment
- Dizziness facts
- Introduction to dizziness (feeling dizzy)
- What causes dizziness?
- Low blood pressure as a cause of dizziness
- Postural or orthostatic hypotension as a cause of dizziness
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes as a cause of dizziness
- Endocrine diseases which cause dizziness
- Hyperventilation as a cause of dizziness
- Heart conditions which cause dizziness
- Vasovagal syncope as a cause of dizziness
- Dizziness and vertigo
- What are the symptoms experienced when a person feels dizzy?
- When should I call the doctor for dizziness?
- How is dizziness diagnosed?
- How is vertigo diagnosed?
- How is dizziness treated?
Quick GuideBalance Disorders: Vertigo, Motion Sickness, Labyrinthitis, and More
Heart conditions which cause dizziness
The heart is an electrical pump and for it to work, the electrical conduction system must be operating properly to stimulate the heart muscle to squeeze in a coordinated fashion and pump blood to the body. The heart muscle itself must be strong enough to pump blood, and the valves in the heart must work properly to allow blood to flow in the direction intended during contraction.
- Conduction disturbances: Electrical conduction disturbances may make the heart beat too quickly (tachycardia) or too slowly (bradycardia), and either of these situations may result in an inadequate blood supply to the brain, causing dizziness or lightheadedness.
- Cardiomyopathy: Dizziness is also a symptom of cardiomyopathy (cardio=heart +myo=muscle + pathy= disease), a disease of the heart muscle, resulting in muscle that doesn't squeeze effectively. Most commonly the weakness is due to atherosclerotic heart disease or ischemic cardiomyopathy (ischemic=decreased blood supply), in which the heart muscle itself doesn't get enough blood supply to work properly. Other non-ischemic cardiomyopathies may be due to diabetes, alcohol use, and viral infections.
Vasovagal syncope as a cause of dizziness
Vasovagal syncope is a common cause of dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting. The vagus nerve is overstimulated and causes the body's blood vessels to dilate and the heart to slow down. This anti-adrenaline effect decreases the ability of the heart to pump blood upward toward the brain. Without blood flow, the brain turns off. In Victorian England, young ladies' sensibilities were easily offended causing a vasovagal episode called a swoon.
Some people faint at the sight of blood. Some parents faint when their child gets immunized. Some medical students faint at their first autopsy. Many types of emotional and physical stressors can overstimulate the vagus nerve, causing dizziness, lightheadedness, and at times fainting (passing out).
Fainting is not normal. If a person is unconscious, the emergency medical system should be activated (call 911 if available), and medical care should be sought.


text:
By Corey Williams, Associated Press Writer
DETROIT Kwame Kilpatrick has been a master salesman, bargaining to bring improvements to Detroit and to prove to skeptics that the struggling city is worth the investment. But now the two-term mayor could be forced to negotiate a more personal deal, one that exchanges a dimming political future for his freedom.
Experts say Kilpatrick has little choice but to work out a plea in two criminal cases before Michigan's governor has the potential of forcing him from office. A formal removal hearing is scheduled to start Wednesday.
"What prosecutors oftentimes want is an admission on the part of the public official and resignation," said Matthew Orwig, a Texas lawyer and former U.S. prosecutor. "It's a significant bargaining chip that he has. If he's already removed from office, then that certainly could have a possible impact on the plea negotiations."
If his resignation is being dangled before prosecutors, Kilpatrick could lose that carrot if Gov. Jennifer Granholm rules that he authorized an $8.4 million police whistle-blowers' settlement to purposely conceal steamy text messages with his former chief of staff. Granholm also will decide if her fellow Democrat concealed the link between those messages and the settlement from the City Council, which approved the deal.
Mayoral spokesman Marcus Reese has said "talks are ongoing" between prosecutors and Kilpatrick's defense team. Maria Miller, a spokeswoman for the Wayne County prosecutor's office, said this week the office would not comment on any plea negotiations.
Peter Henning, a Wayne State University law professor, said it's likely such talks are occurring and that they involve Kilpatrick's resignation.
"If he wants to leave the criminal cases, he is going to need to do it before the removal is resolved," Henning said. "Or you take your chances by going through the removal proceedings. You fight that fight and see what happens."
Kilpatrick faces 10 felony counts in separate perjury and assault cases in Wayne County Circuit Court.
In the first case, the 38-year-old Kilpatrick and ex-top aide Christine Beatty are charged with perjury, conspiracy, misconduct and obstruction of justice. They are accused of lying during the 2007 whistle-blowers' trial about having an extramarital tryst and their roles in the firing of a deputy police chief.
Text messages from Beatty's city-issued pager contradicted their testimony, leading Wayne County Prosecutor Kym Worthy to file charges against the two in March.
The other charges stem from allegations that the mayor shoved one prosecutor's investigator into another in July as they were attempting to serve a subpoena in the perjury case to a Kilpatrick friend.
The criminal charges and Kilpatrick's embarrassing one-night jail stay earlier this month for violating bond conditions have all but wiped out his past successes in bringing some clout to Detroit.
He was the biggest cheerleader when Detroit landed Major League Baseball's 2005 All-Star Game and the 2006 NFL Super Bowl. His ability to work with business leaders drew praise during an overhaul of the city's riverfront and downtown development.
Now, his future depends on the strength of the cases against him, said Steve Dettelbach, a Cleveland defense lawyer and former federal prosecutor.
"There are public officials who survive these trials and continue in office," he said. "There also are public officials who fight their cases, get convicted and serve more time in jail than they would have if they had pleaded guilty or resigned."
Under the city charter, Kilpatrick would be immediately expelled from office if convicted of a felony. The charges he faces carry sentences from two to 15 years.
It is not clear whether Kilpatrick has any recourse for appeal if Granholm boots him from office.
"The governor is the sole tribunal in removal proceedings, with no right of appeal or review afforded the accused," Granholm wrote in her order for the hearing. "If the governor acts within the law, the governor's decision is final."
But Wayne State law professor Robert Sedler said the rules being followed by Granholm as she considers Kilpatrick's removal could give him room to appeal to circuit court if he loses.
Sedler believes the statute allows appeal if the charge does not constitute official misconduct, the mayor does not receive a full and fair hearing, and there is not sufficient evidence that "a reasonable governor could find official misconduct."
Lansing attorney Peter Ellsworth said a 1963 provision in the state constitution gives courts jurisdiction to review such rulings by a governor.
"But I don't believe the question about an appeal has ever been raised," Ellsworth said.
Associated Press writer Ed White contributed to this report.
Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Local Greek Event Calendar
- This event has passed.
Apokreatiko Dinner Dance for St. Athanasius the Great Greek Church Arlington MA
March 12, 2016 @ 7:00 pm - 11:00 pm
Event Navigation
On Saturday, March 12, 2016, our St. Athanasius the Great Greek Orthodox Church is hosting an Apokreatiko Dinner Dance at the Crowne Plaza in Woburn, MA.
All of our parishioners, families, and friends are invited to attend and celebrate together.
We hope to see you all there!
Like this Greek event? Please share below:
To Know About Local Greek Events, JOIN our Greek Events of New England Facebook Group HERE: https://www.facebook.com/groups/negreeks/


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Each month, Rated People connects over 50,000 homeowners with quality tradesmen - simply enter your job details in the form above to get started.
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Kitchen ceiling needs replacing due to water ingress
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Family Law
Family Law Questions? Ask a Family Lawyer Online.
What state is the child custody order in?
Thank you. I will move your question to the Canada law section so a legal expert there can assist you.
I am posting this as an information request so that you will not be charged for this post.
Dear Marlowe,
There is no definitive age in Canada for when a child can choose during divorce or custody hearing.
Technically, the child cannot choose which parent they want to live with. Rather, the court considers the child's wishes and preferences about the parents. What the child wants is only one out of several facts a court considers. The older the child is, the more weight that is given to his or her opinion.
Typically in Canadian courts. children's wishes begin to have influence between age 8 and 14. (8 is the pyschological age required in most children for concrete thought processes).
At ages 14 and over, the child's wishes are frequently decisive.


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Tension Mounts Between Ukraine's Pro-Russia, Pro-West Protesters
February 26, 2014 10:33 AM
Russian President Vladimir Putin has ordered an urgent drill to check the combat readiness of the armed forces in western and central Russia, including areas near the border with Ukraine.
Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu says the drill will involve army, navy and air force troops and will check the force's "readiness to deal with crisis situations that threaten the nation's military security."
The announcement Wednesday comes as pro-Russia demonstrators faced off with supporters of Ukraine's new pro-Western interim leaders in the southern city of Simferopol.
Small-scale clashes broke out between the shouting protesters, some of whom were injured in the incident, which happened in the courtyard of an administrative building in the Crimean capital.
The Crimean peninsula is mainly made up of Russian speakers who support Moscow, though it also includes a minority Tatar group that tends to take an anti-Russia stance.
The Russian navy's Black Sea Fleet is based on the Crimean coast, and Russia's RIA Novosti state news agency Wednesday quoted Shoigu as saying Moscow is "carefully watching what is happening in Crimea" and taking measures to "guarantee the safety" of the fleet's "facilities, infrastructure and arsenals."
There are concerns Ukraine, a nation of 46 million people, could face an East-West divide after weeks of widespread protests prompted the ouster of Russia-friendly President Viktor Yanukovych.
Russia's Foreign Ministry on Wednesday issued the latest in a series of statements expressing concern over developments in Ukraine. It accused "extremists" there of "imposing their will and implanting their own rules," and claimed priests of the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine have been threatened with violence. The ministry warned these developments could lead to "an even bigger split in Ukrainian society."
Russia has said it has no plans to move militarily into Ukraine.
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry on Tuesday said the country should not be forced to choose between Moscow, its former Soviet master, and Washington.
"This is not a zero-sum game, it is not a West versus East, it should not be. It is not a Russia or the United States or other choices, this is about the people of Ukraine and Ukrainians making their choice about their future and we want to work with Russia, with other countries, with everybody available, to make sure this is peaceful from this day forward because obviously, the terrible violence that took place in the Maidan was a shock to everybody in the world."
Anti-government demonstrations erupted in Ukraine after Mr. Yanukovych rejected an European Union trade deal in favor of economic assistance from Russia. The violence escalated last week with dozens of people killed.
On Wednesday, Ukraine's interim leaders dissolved an elite security force accused of carrying out deadly attacks on protesters during the demonstrations.
In a statement on his Facebook page, acting Interior Minister Arsen Avakov said he signed a decree disbanding the feared Berkut riot police.
Meanwhile, interim President Oleksandr Turchynov warned Tuesday in parliament that there are "very dangerous signs of separatism" in several parts of the country.
It is also unclear how Russia will react to the ouster of its ally. Moscow on Tuesday insisted it will not interfere in Ukrainian politics. Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said it is "dangerous and counterproductive" to force the country into a choice between Russia and Europe.
Mr. Turchynov plans on Thursday to announce a new national unity government.
The move comes EU and U.S. leaders meet with Ukrainian leaders to work on ways that Western financial institutions can help Ukraine, which many say is on the verge of economic collapse.
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Xbox games revenue climbs in Q3
It's pretty tough to get a handle on Xbox performance nowadays, but Microsoft's latest financials do reveal a few snippets.
PS4 has best ever year, continues to outpace the PS2
Switch's early success may continue to grab the headlines, but the enduring success of the PS4 continues to be the console sector's crowning jewel.
Nintendo announces the New 2DS XL
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'Nintendo on the rebound,' says SuperData, but Switch needs 'second act' of content to maintain momentum
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PS4 to hit 60m install base - SuperData
SuperData has estimated the PlayStation 4 will hit 60m units worldwide when Sony releases its fiscal year earnings report tomorrow, giving it almost double the number of sales as Microsoft's ...
Kalypso Media appoints Jürgen Goeldner as strategic advisor
Kalypso Media has appointed Square Enix's Jürgen Goeldner as its strategic advisor, the publisher has announced.
Fire Emblem Echoes debuts at No.1 in Japan
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Publisher Atlus has apologised for the over-zealous streaming restrictions that were imposed for RPG hit Persona 5.
Three Fields' Danger Zone looks like Burnout Crash Mode The Game
It's not quite the new Burnout so many have been calling for, but Danger Zone will certainly scratch that itch.
Nintendo Switch sales hit 2.74m worldwide
Nintendo sold over 2m Switch consoles worldwide in its first month on shelves, according to its latest fiscal year earnings report, hitting 2.74m units as of March 31st. That beats ...
Call of Duty: WWII gets trailer and release date
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text: EWoT: Rodic Rodic Biographical information Current status Alive Physical description Gender Male Chronological and political information First appeared TGS 4 Last appeared TGS 4 Affiliation Younglings [Source] Rodic is a squadleader in the Younglings. Retrieved from "http://wot.wikia.com/wiki/Rodic?oldid=117610" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Men Younglings Living as of TOM Dorlan Group Short pages Cairhien expedition Add category Cancel Save


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Target: California Department of Justice
Goal: Implement harsher punishments for those falsely presenting their dogs as service animals
Dog owners love their pets and will often take their dogs with them wherever they go. This is usually not a problem, but some dog owners in Northern California are taking things out of hand by falsely claiming that their dogs are service dogs. Some individuals even go so far as to purchase fake service animal vests and ID cards for their dogs. Harsher punishments must be established to discourage pet owners from doing this.
Service dogs play an extremely important role in the lives of their owners. Most people who have service dogs rely heavily on their dogs to give them independence. Their dogs help them do everyday tasks that would be difficult to accomplish by themselves.
It is unfair and selfish for people to falsely claim that their dogs are service animals. The right to own a service dog is reserved for people who truly need those dogs to help improve their quality of life. Pet owners who do not have disabilities should not be taking advantage of someone else's disadvantage.
Fake service dogs can be dangerous to real service dogs. Service dogs are very submissive and would have no way of defending themselves if another dog were to confront them. Also, untrained dogs can distract service dogs, making it difficult for the service dog to focus on the tasks at hand.
Unfortunately, little action has been taken against this issue because of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The ADA was created to help protect the privacy of individuals with disabilities; establishments cannot interrogate an individual about their service animal even if they suspect the animal to be a "fake."
Sign the petition below to urge the California Department of Justice to crack down on individuals who falsely present their dogs as service animals.
Dear California Department of Justice,
Numerous individuals in Northern California (and throughout California as a whole), have been falsely presenting their dogs as service animals. Some individuals have even purchased fake service animal vests and ID cards. Harsher punishments must be established in order to discourage pet owners from doing this.
While the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) makes it difficult to question individuals with fake service dogs, other measures can be taken to crack down on these offenders. Under the ADA, businesses and establishments cannot interrogate individuals about their service animal even if they suspect that the animal might be a "fake." I am urging the Department of Justice to establish a knowledgeable and neutral organization in order to identify legitimate service dogs. After this organization has been established, it would be easier to take action against individuals who falsely present their dogs as service animals.
[Your Name Here]
Photo Credit: Pets Adviser via Flickr


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Seasoned Players 12Favorites [+]
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When you purchase DRM-free downloadable content, that content is available for you to download on any computer and save to a disk whenever you like. You can also download to multiple computers. There is no timeframe associated with your purchase and the content will not expire.
Running Time: 146 minutes
Released: 03/2010
Studio Name: Tom Byron Pictures
Series: Seasoned Players
Director: Tom Byron
Description: Who says you can't teach old bitches new tricks? Tom Byron can... and does! Porn's superstars come out to play with some big black cock! Fan favorite, Nina Hartley, is back with a big black cock in her legendary ass!
5 Scenes from Seasoned Players 12
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Starring: Tommy Gunn Ariella Ferrera ... More Details
Stars: Tommy Gunn, Ariella Ferrera, Tom Byron
Sex Acts: Vaginal Sex, Tittie Fucking, Oral Sex
Positions: Doggy Style, Cowgirl, Spoons position, Reverse Cowgirl, Kneeling, Side Saddle, Standing Doggy Style, Laying, Crouching/Squatting
Settings: Generic Room
Seasoned Players 12: Scene 2 Free Preview
Starring: Aurora Snow Tom Byron ... More Details
Stars: Aurora Snow, Tom Byron
Sex Acts: Rim Job, Vaginal Sex, Oral Sex
Positions: Cowgirl, Reverse Cowgirl, Kneeling, Standing Side Saddle, Standing Doggy Style, Laying, Standing
Settings: Bedroom
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Starring: Justice Young Persia Pele ... More Details
Stars: Justice Young, Persia Pele, Tom Byron
Sex Acts: Vaginal Sex, Oral Sex
Positions: Doggy Style, Cowgirl, Spoons position, Reverse Cowgirl, Side Saddle, Standing Cowgirl, Standing Doggy Style, Laying, Missionary, Standing
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Starring: Tom Byron Mellanie Monroe ... More Details
Stars: Tom Byron, Mellanie Monroe
Sex Acts: Vaginal Sex, Oral Sex
Positions: Doggy Style, Cowgirl, Reverse Cowgirl, Kneeling, Laying, Missionary, Standing
Seasoned Players 12: Scene 5 Free Preview
Starring: Sean Michaels Nina Hartley ... More Details
Stars: Sean Michaels, Nina Hartley, Tom Byron
Sex Acts: Anal Sex, Vaginal Sex, Oral Sex, Masturbation
Positions: Doggy Style, Cowgirl, Spoons position, Reverse Cowgirl, Kneeling, Standing Doggy Style, Laying, Standing
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Adoption requests → Paramore wiki
What is your username? XOShadowhunter
Please link to the wiki here: http://paramore.wikia.com/wiki/Paramore_Wiki
How many edits have you made on that wiki? 73
How many days/months have you been editing there? 15
On the Special Pages → Special:ListUsers when was the last time an admin edited, and who was it? Smileyland123, June 21, 2013
Any other information:


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Corrie from "Cents"able Momma brings you this week's Rite Aid deals! I don't have a Rite Aid near me but I know many of you do. I'll post the highlights here but make sure to read her full post to get all of the deals and match-ups. For information about shopping at Rite Aid read Corrie's comprehensive post on the subject.
Samy Fat Hair Shampoo or Stylers or Fat Foam Hair Color, On Sale for $8.99
Get $5 +UP Reward (Limit 3)
$2/1 Samy Fat Hair Product printable coupon
$2/1 Samy Fat Hair Item (RA Video Values, April)
$3/1 Samy Fat Foam Hair Color (RA Video Values, April)
Final Cost: as low as $.99
Select Gum, On Sale for 3/$3
Get $2 +UP Reward wyb 3 (Limit 4)
–Trident (18 ct.)
–Trident White or Dentyne Ice (16 ct.)
$1/2 Dentyne Gum, exp. 5/31/12 (SS 03/04/12 R)
–Trident Vitality or Dentyne Pure (9 ct.)
–Bubblicious (10 ct.)
–Stride (14 ct.) (excl. Stride Shift, Spark or Shawn White)
Final Cost: as low as FREE wyb 3
All Veet Depilatories and Wax, On Sale for $4.99
Get $1 +UP Reward (Limit 4)
$2/1 Veet High Precision Facial Wax printable coupon
$2/1 Veet Product printable coupon
$2/1 Veet Product (in-ad coupon)
Final Cost: as low as $1.99 each
Dingo Mini Bones (7 ct.), Pup-Peroni (5.6 oz.), or Milk Bone (24 to 25 ct.), On Sale for $2.99
Get $1 +UP Reward (Limit 2)
$1/1 Pup-Peroni Product, exp. 5/31/12 (RP 03/11/12)
$1.50/2 Milk-Bone Dog Snacks, exp. 6/1/12 (RP 04/01/12)
Final Cost: as low as $.99 each
Select Kellogg's Products, On Sale for 3/$6
Get $2 +UP Reward wyb 3 (Limit 2)
–Frosted Flakes, Raisin Bran, Apple Jacks, Corn Pops, Froot Loops, Corn Flakes or Rice Krispies (8.7 to 16.5 oz.)
–Pop Tarts or Rice Krisipies Treats (8 pk.)
$1/2 Kellogg's Rice Krispies or Cocoa Krispies Cereals printable coupon
$1/2 Kellogg's Raisin Bran Cereal printable coupon
$1/2 Kellogg's Rice Krispies Treats printable coupon
Final Cost: as low as $1 each wyb 3
Select TRESemme Shampoo, Conditioner or Stylers, On Sale for 2/$7
Get $2 +UP Reward wyb 2 (Limit 2)
$1/1 Tresemme Split Remedy printable coupon (if included)
Final Cost: as low as $2 each wyb 2
Aveeno or Neutrogena Triple Hair Care, On Sale for $5.99
Get $1 +UP Reward (Limit 2)
$2/1 Aveeno Body Wash or Hair Care Product, exp. 5/30/12 (SS 04/15/12)
Final Cost: as low as $2.99 each
Almay Makeup Removers (excl. Pads, 120 ct), On Sale for $3.99
Get $1 SCR #5 (Limit 6)
Final Cost: $2.99 each
Check out HOT Amazon deals on your favorite items!


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The Bears Beat: Chicago Bears news and views (07.09.11)
A look at Chicago Bears news and views for July 9, 2011, including Rashied Davis' belief the Bears will be in camp on time, Matt Forte and Greg Olsen on fans who call players greedy, and more on the NFL lockout and labor negotiations.
Davis confident Bears will be in camp on time
July 9, 2011 5:05:00 PM CDT
Hillenmeyer casts doubt NFL lockout will end soon: 'We are not on the cusp of a deal'A group of players from Brooks College …
Bears' Forte, Olsen on the lockout and fans calling players greedy
July 9, 2011 4:02:00 PM CDT
Talk of the lockout has been monotonous to any Chicago Bear willing to address the matter, so Greg Olsen and Matt Forte took a …
2001-2010 All-Bears Team: Defensive Tackle #1
July 9, 2011 3:00:44 PM CDT
We've got our first defensive lineman, and now we're going to find the first defensive tackle, but as always, here's the …
Bears' Hester eyes clock as HOF tilt vs. Rams approaches
July 9, 2011 1:07:00 PM CDT
Devin Hester is eyeing the calendar as his Chicago Bears draw closer to their Hall of Fame Game contest against the St. Louis …
Mediator orders July 19 meeting before vacation (Yahoo! Sports)
July 9, 2011 12:20:13 PM CDT
Federal magistrate judge Arthur J. Boylan will require the league and players to meet with him in Minnesota on July 19, …
Kenny Powers: MFCEO
July 9, 2011 11:00:51 AM CDT
Kenny Powers. I'm the CEO. You shut up. (via kswissinc) OK, this isn't Bears related, so fire me… but it's …
Joe Flacco's Wedding Picture Should Give Cutler and Cavallari Some Ideas
July 9, 2011 6:50:15 AM CDT
Baltimore Ravens quarterback Joe Flacco got married recently. It's a great way to spend a lockout, I guess. Some of the …
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Latest Bears Beat News
- Bears sign first-round draft pick, quarterback Mitch Trubisky
- Victor Cruz deal a wise move for Bears
- Chicago Bears 2017 Draft Class Analysis
- 'Mitch Trubisky Era' begins now for the Chicago Bears
- Chicago Bears 2017 Schedule and Previews
- Bears free agent moves creating competition at positions of need
- Replacing Alshon Jeffery could be near-impossible task
- Bears to sign wide receiver Markus Wheaton
- Bears sign tight end Dion Sims
- Bears sign veteran safety Quintin Demps


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World-renowned singer/songwriter/entertainer Dolly Parton continues racking up the honors! In 2014, The Recording Academy inducted Parton's self-penned hit JOLENE into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Now, in 2017, that same song, released as a collaboration with Pentatonix, was awarded a Grammy in the Country Duo/Group Performance category. Watch the collaborative performance here:
Dolly Parton and a number of her friends, including Reba McEntire, Kenny Rogers and Alison Krauss, are set to perform during Smoky Mountains Rise: A Benefit for the My People Fund on Tuesday, Dec. 13 at 8 p.m. (EST) on Great American Country (GAC).
Dolly Parton's Imagination Library, which began as a small community outreach in Parton's native Sevier County, Tennessee, has evolved to become the largest literacy program in the world. In December, the "little literacy program that could" marks another impressive milestone—one million books gifted to children around the world each month.
World-renowned singer/songwriter/entertainer Dolly Parton has a worldwide #1 album to celebrate this week. The superstar's new release Pure & Simple debuts at #1 not only in the U.S., but, also on the national country charts in Canada, U.K. and Australia.
Dolly Parton is set to bring her boundless energy to stages in over 60 cities as she embarks on her first major U.S. and Canadian tour in more than 25 years. For the last 20 years, Parton has only played select dates in the U.S., but her 2016 tour will cover cities across North America. As one of the hottest concert tickets of the summer, Parton's legion of fans are destined to sell out the shows quickly.
Dolly Parton returned home, this past weekend, to help raise money for her Imagination Library and although the performances were billed Dolly: Pure & Simple, in simple Dolly fashion she shined brighter than the stars in the sky. The four sold-out shows, which took place at Dollywood's D.P. Celebrity Theatre raised over $500,000.00.
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04/28/00- Updated 10:47 AM ET
Bush-McCain meeting on shaky ground
WASHINGTON (AP) - In a blow to George W. Bush's bid to unify the Republican Party, negotiations for a May 9 meeting between the nominee-in-waiting and vanquished rival John McCain nearly broke down Thursday in a dispute that widened the rift between their two camps.
In an effort to salvage the event, which is important to the political futures of both McCain and Bush, their top advisers planned to meet Friday in the Washington office of 1996 GOP presidential candidate Bob Dole, who will not be present. ''Governor Bush is looking forward to meeting as scheduled with Senator McCain,'' said Bush spokesman Ari Fleischer.
The dispute exposed layers of mutual mistrust and animosity that will complicate Bush's efforts to embrace McCain and his influential bloc of independent-minded voters.
Bush and McCain need a successful meeting for different reasons. Bush wants to unify the party and appeal to McCain backers. The Arizona senator, who still has presidential ambitions, wants to show Republicans he is a party man.
The meeting would have downsides for both men, too. Bush is unlikely to gain McCain's endorsement, which he needs to help court independent voters. And McCain fears he could damage his political maverick image if he unites with Bush at a meeting that independent voters recognize as, in the words of one aide, ''a political charade.''
''The status of the meeting is tenuous,'' said McCain spokesman Todd Harris. ''We feel that any meeting between Senator McCain and Governor Bush should be a substantial one. We don't view a meeting whose primary purpose is to go over once again whether John McCain wants to be vice president - when everyone knows he doesn't want to - falls into the substantial category.''
McCain and his advisers have been chafing ever since Bush took the unusual step last week of announcing that he would ask McCain in the meeting whether he was willing to serve as vice president.
McCain has said repeatedly that he doesn't want the job. Bush has been under pressure from some Republicans who think McCain's appeal is worth a full-court effort to get him on the ticket. McCain and his advisers believed that Bush was turning the meeting into a high-profile forum for the Arizona senator to take himself out of the running.
Their discomfort with that notion suggests that some top McCain supporters want him to remain a vice presidential prospect. Some of them say they suspect that McCain could be persuaded to serve on the ticket if Bush waged a sincere campaign to do so.
Bush's pledge to pop the question to McCain also guaranteed a ''circus atmosphere'' at the meeting, a senior McCain adviser said. The advisers saw it as an attempt to narrow the agenda, which McCain had hoped would include fruitful discussions about campaign finance reform, Social Security, military spending and his role in the Republican National Convention.
McCain's advisers were preparing a list of suggested agenda items to submit to the Bush campaign Friday when a syndicated column by Robert D. Novak stirred up the pot. Novak said unidentified Bush advisers expected ''little satisfaction'' from the meeting and might prefer ''a short, unhappy get-together in Pittsburgh than a long, tendentious partnership.''
McCain, traveling in Vietnam to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the fall of Saigon, was angered by the column. He told aides to cancel the meeting unless they could be assured that Bush wanted to hold substantial talks on a variety of topics.
McCain advisers said they tried for several hours to reach Bush's team but their calls were not returned. Bush's advisers, meanwhile, said they never received the calls.
McCain strategist John Weaver and Bush campaign manager Joe Allbaugh eventually talked by telephone. Bush advisers said they were assured by Weaver that the meeting could still be held as scheduled but that it was in jeopardy.
Weaver and Allbaugh already had planned to conduct their first substantial planning session on the Bush-McCain event Friday.
In a sign of how deep the resentment runs, Weaver won't meet with his counterpart Karl Rove because of a long-running dispute with the Bush aide.
The fallout came just as Bush seemed to be stepping up his efforts to reach out to McCain and his supporters.
Senior Bush advisers, in interviews before the meeting was put in jeopardy, said the governor was looking for common ground on campaign finance reform - McCain's signature issue. They said, for example, that Bush planned to tell McCain that he supported efforts to require disclosure of donors to special interest groups that spend unlimited, unregulated donations on political ads.
And on Tuesday, Bush telephoned Warren Rudman, a McCain ally and former New Hampshire senator who was harshly criticized by Bush allies during the primaries. Two people familiar with the telephone calls said Bush expressed regret for the tone of the campaign. Rudman would only say, ''It was a reaching out call. He seems to be reaching out to McCain supporters.''
Copyright 2000 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
© Copyright 2002 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Co. Inc.


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* Prices include GST
Rosemary Saunders completed her teacher training and DSCM at the Newcastle Conservatorium and began her teaching career at Newcastle High School. Following a period of time teaching in Canberra, Rosemary moved to Sydney to sing with The Song Company, then under the direction of Charles Colman. After eighteen months with the Song Company Rosemary returned to Newcastle to join the singing staff at Newcastle Conservatorium. During this time she also began teaching singing at Newcastle Grammar School, an association which evolved into her holding the Director of Music position there for seven years. During this time Rosemary completed her Master of Music (Choral Conducting) degree. A highlight in this period was taking the school choir to the Internationale Chorale in Verona. In 2009 she conducted the Australian premiere of Eternal Light by Howard Goodall, with the Newcastle University Choir and Orchestra. In addition to her work in school education, Rosemary has been an active professional singer. She sings regularly with vocal quartet, Waxing Lyrical, with friends Jennifer Barnes, Paul Bevan and Christopher Allan and with the professional ensemble, Cantillation. Rosemary, currently based in Sydney, divides her time between teaching and conducting at Sydney Girls High School and a new business venture, running a coffee shop in Annandale! She has been a regular conductor of Savvy Singers for Camp Creative. The group caters for singers with some choral experience and looks at a wide range of repertoire from medieval and renaissance to contemporary works.
I was educated at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music as a Music teacher and as a performer. I taught Music in numerous private schools in Sydney, including St Scholastica's at Glebe. During my time in Sydney I was Musical Director for numerous school Musical productions. In 1989, the family moved to Norfolk Island. During that time I performed and accompanied classical singers and an accomplished violinist, Eric Craig, MBE. He was originally from New Zealand. The highlight of this time was performing at Norfolk Island's Government House.
Upon my return to Australia, I met Mr David Helfgott, with whom I have performed two piano works and duets for over twenty years now, both locally and in Sydney.
I have been the accompanist for the Savvy Singers at Camp Creative, Bellingen for approximately 15 years, which is always a highlight of each year.


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JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
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Patient Satisfaction
National Survey
According to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services, Clay County Nursing Home has an overall quality rating of This rating is influenced by the facility's health inspection results (5.0 out of 5), quality measure data (2.0 out of 5) and staffing levels (4.0 out of 5). Visit medicare.gov for more information.
The patient satisfaction is a measure of the extent to which a patient content with the health care which they received from their health care provider.
Have you been to Clay County Nursing Home before? Be the first to review!
Similar Nursing Homes
See how Clay County Nursing Home compares to similar Nursing Homes below:
Lineville Health and Rehabilitation
Lineville, AL
Traylor Retirement Community
Roanoke, AL
Roanoke Health Care Center
Roanoke, AL
Address & Directions
Facility Information
Below is the general information for Clay County Nursing Home
- Breakdown for facility beds
- 83 Total Beds
- 83% Occupied
- 69 residents
Ownership Type
- Non profit - Other
Medicare & Medicaid
- Provider participates in:
- Medicare
- Medicaid
Below are services offered at Clay County Nursing Home


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Reclaimed Barn Wood Furniture Collection
This barn wood table is handcrafted by an Old Order Amish craftsman in Pennsylvania and the barn wood also comes locally from this region. Barn wood has a appealing character that will give your kitchen or dining room a farmhouse look and bring a feel of history into your home. No two tables are identical and will have differences in the rustic level. Some barn wood will have nail holes (which can be filled by selecting this option), natural distressing, water markings, and maybe even carvings.
Barn wood furniture is actually reclaimed lumber which makes it a green building material and very environmentally friendly. If you are using your barn wood furniture for commercial furniture it may quality for LEED credits.
Please call 1-866-272-6773 to order one of our antique looking barn wood farmhouse tables. One of our Amish furniture specialists will be happy to answer any questions on our barn wood furniture. Custom farmhouse tables are a popular item so please let us know your custom furniture requests.
We also offer a farmhouse table with turned legs as well as our barn wood farmhouse table with tapered Shaker legs.
© Copyrights 2003 - 2017 DutchCrafters All rights reserved.


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Vanessa – Putting Water Resistant Showrooms To The Piss Test
Released: October 31, 2014
Vanessa is shopping for a new bed among other things, and the salesman is happy to brag that the bed sheets are water resistant. However, Vanessa drives a hard bargain and really needs to make sure that's the case, so what better way for the salesman to prove this than to piss all over Vanessa when she's testing out the bed for comfort!? It appears that the bed handles the golden shower well, but Vanessa's outfit, especially her fur vest, are completely soaked through and clinging to her banging body, and with the piss squishiness all over her she gets horny as hell and then wants to put the bed to the fuck test! It would be difficult for any bed to handle this level of piss banging action, but these two don't give a fuck and go at it like animals, making the showroom their own watersports studio!


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Alejandro Zafra
Entre Amigos
Directed by Antonio Mercero, this 2003 comedy (based on real-life events) follows cancer-ward residents Miguel Angel (Juan José Ballesta) and his trio of teenage friends -- who are always up to mischief. Despite their grave conditions, the four youngsters play roundball in their wheelchairs, chase skirts and pull pranks on the hospital staff. The cast also includes Luis Ángel Priego, Gorka Moreno, Alejandro Zafra and Marco Martínez.


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If any of these drunk drivers kills somebody, the media will cover up their immigration status as they always have. The news paper will say "A local man alledgedly ran over a nine year old child today." They don't like to mention that the drunk was in the country illegally and heaven forbide that they would actually look up the police records.
cradle, you underestimate the agenda driven, the clueless, and those that just hate the US.
If a drunk illegal just released by ICE plowed into a picnic filled with young children killing dozens and the MSM reported exactly the aforementioned, 47% of people in the US would still not get worked up or blame the Govt.
New paradigm in our Country. Not going to change soon.


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Film expired in 2001. I bought it about a month or two ago off Ebay, so I have no idea how it was stored. Killer results regardless. If you want to get bang for your buck, are willing to toss out a few extra dollars, and don't process your own film, check out LomoLabs processing. These results are in their own genre. Superb.
helendria, cfib, ferbii, daforl & russheath.
so awesome! definitly going to try cross processing with my pentax me


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Simplicity 7812; ©1976; Girls' Shirt, Top and Pants (Top sized for stretch knits only) ... Transfer for appliqué included: Top-stitched shirt, pants and top have optional appliqués. Top has back slit opening and long set-in sleeves. Shirt with front button closing has shirt collar, pockets, long set-in sleeves with buttoned cuffs and shirt-tail hem. Pants with fly front zipper and pockets have waistband with self carriers.
Links to reviews/blog postsEdit
- [1] GoofingOff Size 12
Add a photo to the gallery by clicking the "modify" button below.
[insert your username, and make sure your preferences allow for people to contact you via e-mail. Do not list your email address here!]


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Japanese Painted Fern
painting by artist Carol Keene
16 in X 12 in (40.6 cm X 30.5 cm)
Pastel on canvas panel
$150 USD plus $15 USD s/h in the U.S.
(for international shipping, please contact me)
This painting is available directly from the artist.
More Paintings by Carol Keene
More in Floral Paintings
More in Still Life Paintings
More art in Today's New Paintings
Keyword Tags
canvas carol carol keene fern floral japanese japanese painted fern keen life painting panel pastel pastel canvas panel plants still still life
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The Daily Painters Art Gallery - www.dailypainters.com
© 2017 Daily Painters Gallery. All artwork is copyrighted by the individual artists.
Images may not be reproduced without the permission of the artist.


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Learn Pro Blackjack is a product of Simplicent, LLC. We hope you enjoy our service and become fans of our materials. If for some reason we have failed to delight you, please contact us and we will respond promptly. We look forward to hearing from you. Phone: +1 571.204.5444
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