text:
ALAMEDA, Calif. — The Oakland Raiders traded quarterback Terrelle Pryor to the Seattle Seahawks.
Oakland dealt Pryor on Monday for a seventh-round pick in next month's draft.
Pryor was a third-round pick in the 2011 supplemental draft out of Ohio State.
He started nine games last season, going 3-6, sharing the job with undrafted rookie free agent Matt McGloin.
Pryor went 156 for 272 for 1,798 yards, seven touchdowns and 11 interceptions, with a passer rating of 69.1.
GREEN'S OPTION EXCERCISED FOR 2015: In Cincinnati, the Bengals exercised a 2015 contract option for receiver A.J. Green, letting them turn their focus to an extension for quarterback Andy Dalton.
Green was the fourth overall pick in the 2011 draft and was entering the final season on his deal.
The collective bargaining agreement allows teams to exercise a fifth-year option on players taken in the top 10 in the draft. They have to pay him the average of the top 10 receivers in the NFL.
Dalton was taken in the second round in 2011, so he's not subject to an option year. His deal expires after this season. Dalton said during an offseason workout on Monday that the Bengals have talked to him about an extension.
SOURCE SAYS SUH WON'T ATTEND VOLUNTARY CAMP: In Detroit, a person familiar with the situation said Ndamukong Suh is not attending the Detroit Lions' voluntary minicamp this week.
The person, who said Suh will attend the team's voluntary workouts in May and mandatory minicamp next month, spoke Monday night to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because Suh was not announcing his plans.
Detroit's first-year coach Jim Caldwell said last week he wished the defensive tackle was at previous voluntary workouts, adding he has spoken to Suh more than any other player on the team since being hired.
The two-time All-Pro has skipped voluntary workouts in the past, and the 6-foot-4, 307-pound Suh has stayed in good shape.
Suh is entering the last year of his contract.
COSTA RETIRES AS GORDY RE-SIGNS: In Indianapolis, Phil Costa won't be the Indianapolis Colts' starting center this fall.
The former Dallas Cowboy was placed on the reserve-retired list Monday. The move comes five weeks after Indy signed the 6-foot-3, 302-pound free agent.
General manager Ryan Grigson saidCosta thought it was in his best interest to retire.
The announcement comes on the same day Indy announced cornerback Josh Gordy, a restricted free agent, signed his qualifying offer. Last season, Gordy had nine tackles, three passes defensed and one interception in 12 games.
Last week, the Colts signed fullbacks Stephen Campbell and Cameron White from two of the NFL's regional combines.
Off the field
JOHNSON ARRESTED IN DOMESTIC DISPUTE: In Calabasas, Calif., the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department said former NFL and Southern California receiver Keyshawn Johnson has been arrested after a report of a domestic dispute.
A Sheriff's Department statement says deputies responded to a residence in Calabasas at 12:48 a.m. Monday and determined the resident and his ex-girlfriend were involved in a domestic dispute, and the resident was arrested for misdemeanor domestic battery.
The department subsequently identified the resident as Johnson, who posted bond at 9:15 a.m. and was released.
In the NFL, Johnson played for the New York Jets, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Dallas Cowboys and Carolina Panthers.
He's currently an ESPN commentator and analyst. ESPN said it's aware of the arrest and is looking into the matter.
A call to Johnson's agent was not immediately returned.
LONGTIME FBI EMPLOYEE HIRED: In Miami, a longtime FBI employee was hired by the Miami Dolphins to oversee security in the wake of last year's bullying scandal.
Joe Cicini spent 23 years in the Miami division of the FBI, where he worked with the joint terrorism task force and special events task force. He has provided crisis management training to the NFL, MLB, NBA, colleges and universities.
The Dolphins also announced the hiring of Dan Caspersen to oversee the human resources department. Caspersen was executive vice president of human resources for Toys 'R' Us from 2006 to 2013, and vice president of human resources for Target from 2001 to 2006.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 11, 2009
|Filing date
|Feb 21, 2006
|Priority date
|Jul 15, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Andrew Joo Kim, Vincent Mark Hietala, Sanjay Bajekal
|Original Assignee
|Quellan, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (111), Non-Patent Citations (61), Referenced by (7), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to application Ser. No. 10/620,477 filed Jul. 15, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,035,361 entitled "Adaptive Noise Filtering and Equalization for Optimal High Speed Multilevel Signal Decoding," the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to communication systems and improving the received signal quality in a high-speed communications environment through the use of equalization. The improvement in signal quality affords gains in system performance such as increased data throughput capacity or reduced error rate. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method and system for improving the quality of a received signal by counteracting distortions introduced in signal generation, transmission, and reception.
Network bandwidth consumption is rising at a rapid rate. Existing network capacity is marginally adequate and is expected, as of this writing, to soon be inadequate. Thus, there is a need to increase network bandwidth capacity. This increase in bandwidth can be achieved by increasing the symbol transmission rate to yield a corresponding increase in the data rate or by using advanced modulation techniques with higher spectral efficiency (i.e. techniques that communicate more than one information bit per symbol).
Regardless of the technique employed to achieve higher data throughput, the higher data throughput can place more stringent requirements on the fidelity of the signal communicated. Fidelity of the signal communicated can be hampered by signal degradation. Signal degradation can occur during signal generation and signal transmission. Signal degradation incurred in generating and transmitting a signal over a channel can largely be categorized as arising from two sources: (i) filtering of the signal and (ii) corruption from noise.
In classical communications (e.g. wireless or wireline communications), the noise component is commonly addressed by using optimal detection (i.e. matched-filtering followed by optimal thresholding). However, such a conventional approach often neglects the inter-symbol interference (ISI) associated with the filtering that occurs in the channel, i.e. that approach assumes that the noise is the dominant source of distortion. If the ISI is the dominant source of signal degradation, then the conventional approach is to equalize the channel, e.g. filter the received signal with an inverse filter prior to detection. The use of any one of these approaches in isolation may not improve signal fidelity since matched-filtering and equalization are often contradicting goals.
For example, equalization generally corresponds to high-pass filtering which, while removing ISI, increases the presence of high-frequency noise. A low-pass filter (LPF) is usually employed to the equalized signal in order to reduce the effect of the high-frequency noise but which also re-introduces ISI. Matched-filtering, on the other hand, is often low-pass in nature and thus frequently exacerbates the ISI in the signal in the process of reducing noise.
The separate application of matched-filtering and equalization can be characterized as "ad-hoc" because it does not consider the problem of noise mitigation and equalization in a combined framework, and thus, neglects the impact each has on the other.
There exist techniques in the conventional art which address noise mitigation and equalization in a common framework. In particular, the well-known Least-Mean Squares (LMS) based approaches minimize a distortion measure that captures the impact of both noise and ISI. Furthermore, these methods are adaptive in the sense that the settings of the filter are automatically adjusted to the optimal value. This adaptive feature is often necessary as the exact characteristics of the channel distortion and noise spectral content vary from installation to installation and also with time and temperature in some instances.
Unfortunately, the use of these traditional adaptive LMS-based control methodologies for high-data rate systems can be impractical due to data acquisition and processing difficulties. In particular, it can be economically impractical (and often technically infeasible) to (i) produce the analog-to-digital converters (ADC's) capable of digitizing the signal at the required speed and resolution and (ii) produce a processor capable of handling the digitized data at the high speeds.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for an adaptive filtering approach that combines channel equalization and noise filtering. Another need exists in the art for a method and system for high speed digital communications that combines channel equalization and noise filtering in a single framework and that can account for the effects that equalization can have on noise filtering, and vice-versa. Additionally, there is a need for such a method and system which is economically and technically practical for high-speed data systems.
A Signal Conditioning Filter (SCF) and a Signal Integrity Unit (SIU) can control elements that filter a digital (i.e. binary or multilevel) signal. A multilevel signal uses discrete amplitudes, which can change from one time interval to another, to convey information in each time interval. The simplest example of multilevel signaling is binary signaling where two amplitudes are used to represent a logical 0 or 1 (i.e. one bit of information). By using more levels, more information can be conveyed with each symbol or in each time interval. In some of the prior art and conventional art, the term "multilevel" conveys the use of more than two amplitude levels. To avoid any ambiguity, the term "digital signaling" will be used in this writing to refer to signaling with discrete amplitudes and time intervals, i.e. digital signaling that can include both binary and multilevel signaling.
The SCF and SIU form part of a method and system for equalizing and filtering a digital signal. This method and system for equalizing and filtering may be used in a variety of high-speed communications systems. Applications can include, but are not limited to, (i) electrical systems such as backplane, telecom, and datacom systems and (ii) optical systems such as long-haul, metro, and short-reach applications.
Regardless of the application, the method and system can process a received digital signal in the electrical domain prior to decoding. Thus, in optical systems, the method and system can be used either after photodetection in the receiver or prior to modulation in the transmitter.
The present invention can address the coupled problem of equalization and noise filtering in order to improve signal fidelity for decoding. Specifically, a received digital signal can be filtered in a manner to optimize the signal fidelity even in the presence of both significant (large magnitudes of) ISI and noise. Furthermore, the method and system of the present invention can be adaptive in the sense that filter coefficients can be continuously updated to reflect any time-varying changes in the system characteristics.
The present invention can provide an adaptive method that continuously monitors a signal fidelity measure. For example, monitoring the fidelity of a digital signal can be performed by external means such as a Signal Integrity Unit (SIU). A received signal y(t) can be "conditioned" by application of a filter with an electronically adjustable impulse response g(t). A resulting output z(t) can then be interrogated to characterize the quality of the conditioned signal.
This fidelity measure q(t) can then be fed back to the SCF. Utilizing the signal fed back to the SCF, the response of the SCF can be adjusted to maximize the received fidelity measure. For the SIU, the signal fidelity measure can be directly associated with a decision error probability in a subsequent decoder with optimal decision thresholds. Combining the proposed approach with such a control system can balance (in a principled fashion) the trade-off between the degree to which ISI is corrected and noise is mitigated for optimal decoding.
The SCF can include a cascade of two or more tapped delay line filters with electronically controllable gain coefficients. The tap spacings of the two filters can be different in order to effectively combat both the effect of ISI which occurs on a large time scale and the effects of noise, jitter, and signal ringing which occur on a small time scale.
Using a cascade of two distinct filters can minimize the number of taps required to address both of these phenomena. The delay lines in these filters can include artificial transmission lines which can absorb the parasitic capacitance of the tap amplifiers. The tap amplifiers which vary the gain coefficients can be implemented using special Gilbert cell multipliers.
The present invention can address the problems of equalization and noise filtering in order to improve signal fidelity for decoding. Specifically, a received digital signal can be filtered in a manner to optimize the signal fidelity even in the presence of both large magnitudes of ISI and noise. Furthermore, the method and system of the present invention can be adaptive in the sense that filter coefficients can be continuously updated to reflect any time-varying changes in the channel behavior.
Filter Structure
Referring now to
According to one exemplary embodiment, each filter 110, 115 of the signal conditioning filter 100 can comprise a tapped-delay line or finite impulse response (FIR) filter with electrically controllable gain coefficients. Filtering is separated into these two stages, where the short-time filter 110 can comprise the first stage and the long-time filter can comprise the second stage. Each stage is designed to address a particular type of distortion using a relatively small number of taps.
As its name implies, the short-time filter 110 can be designed to mitigate degradations such as ringing, noise, and timing jitter that can occur on a relatively small time scale. Meanwhile, the long-time filter 115 is designed to remove signal artifacts (such as ISI) that can occur on a larger time scale.
Referring now to
As mentioned above, the output of the LPF 132 can be fed to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 135. The ADC 135 may be characterized as a low-speed high-resolution ADC that measures the averaged event-detector output representing the cumulative distribution function (CDF) value. Specifically, the reference voltage is swept over a range of voltage levels while the ADC 135 samples the voltage from the filter 132 to produce an estimate of the CDF. The SIU 125 can set the reference voltage via the DAC 145 to a fixed value and then measures the averaged event detection output. The SIU 125 can then set the reference voltage to a different fixed value and measures another point of the CDF. This process is completed until the CDF curve is formed.
The ADC 135 feeds its output to a microcontroller 140. Microcontroller 140 can process the cumulative distribution function (CDF) to determine threshold voltage values for signal decoding, receiver gain for the variable gain amplifier 105, and filter coefficients for the SCF 100. The microcontroller 140 is responsible for feeding the filter coefficients to the SCF for equalizing and filtering the received signal. Further details of the signal integrity unit 125 are discussed in the commonly owned U.S. Non-provisional Application Ser. No. 10/108,598 entitled, "METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DECODING MULTILEVEL SIGNALS," filed on Mar. 28, 2002 in the name of Vincent Hietala et al., the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Referring now to
A first output of the signal detection and fidelity characterization circuit 130 can comprise the decoded data from the filtered signal z(t). A second output of the signal detection and fidelity characterization circuit 130 can comprise a control signal q(t) that forms a second input to the SCF 100.
Referring now to
The long-time filter 115 manipulates the signal y-prime′(t) according to a second function gL(t). The output from the long-time filter 115 can comprise a second filtered signal or z(t) as mentioned above with respect to
Referring now to
The short-time filter 110 can support a frequency resolution of 1/Nδ. It is assumed that the delay δ is sufficiently small so that there is no aliasing in the short-time filter 110. Specifically, the short-time filter 110 has a frequency response that is periodic in frequency with period 1/δ. Any signal (or noise) energy at frequencies higher than f=1/(2δ) will distort the filtered signal as they overlap into adjacent spectral periods. Because of this distortion, it is recommended that the signal be pre-filtered with a passive analog low-pass filter (not shown) prior to the short-time filter 110. This pre-filtering may not needed if any of the receiver components already sufficiently bandlimits the signal, as is often the case with circuit hardware and the high speeds considered.
The output of the short-time filter 110 can be written as
y′(t)=α0 y(t)+α1 y(t−δ)+ . . . +αN y(t−Nδ) (1)
or equivalently as
y′(t)=[α0+α1+ . . . +αN ]y(t)−α1 [y(t)−y(t−δ)]− . . . −αN [y(t)−y(t−Nδ)] (2)
where the latter form explicitly conveys how the short-time filter 110 operates on the difference between the current sample and a sample from the past, i.e. each term can provide a first-order correction for the signal fluctuation within a symbol period. Furthermore, the coefficient on y(t) in Eq. (2) provides the DC gain of the signal, i.e. the gain on the signal when the signal is already flat within a symbol period, and hence, all the differential terms are zero. As a reference, unity DC gain can be chosen by setting α0 to
α0=1−α1− . . . −αN (3)
or by alternatively normalizing the filter coefficients to sum to one.
Referring now to
Similar to Eqs. (1) and (2), the output of the long-time filter 115 can be written as
z(t)=α0 y′(t)+α1 y′(t−T 0)+ . . . +αM y′(t−MT 0) (4)
or equivalently,
z(t)=[α0+α1+ . . . +αM ]y′(t)−α1 [y′(t)−y′(t−Δ)]− . . . −αM [y′(t)−y′(t−MΔ)] (5)
where again, a unity DC gain can be arbitrarily chosen by setting
α0=1−α1 − . . . −α N (6)
or by scaling the coefficients to sum to one.
Those skilled in the art can extend the exemplary filters in
y′(t)=[α0+ . . . +αN+L ]y(t)−α1 [y(t)−y(t−δ)]− . . . −αN+L [y(t)−y(t−(N+L)δ)].
The signal sample y(t−Lδ) can be interpreted as the sample to be decoded, i.e. where the decoding has been delayed by process by time Lδ. Because, the signal points y(t) through y(t−(L−1)δ) precede y(t−Lδ), the ISI associated from these symbols can be removed. Thus, the short-time filter 110 can now remove ISI originating from both preceding and succeeding signal samples. The long-time filter 115 may be similarly modified. This extension can be applied to both the short and long-time filters 110, 115 in practice as it can help improve equalization.
Filtering in the Transmitter
Referring now to
Removing these distortions prior to transmission is advantageous because the noise introduced by the channel limits the degree to which the transmitter 600 distortions can be compensated by the receiver's SCF 100. Additionally, if a supervisory communications link is available between the transmitter 600 and receiver (not shown), then the fidelity signal q(t) may be fed from the receiver (not shown) to the transmitter 600 over this link so that the SCF 100 in the transmitter not only compensates for transmitter distortions, but also pre-compensates for link distortions. This pre-compensation would be advantageous because it prevents the noise introduced by the link from limiting the degree to which the channel distortions can be compensated.
Filter Realization
The exemplary short- and long-time filters 110, 115 forming the SCF 100 can be implemented using an integrated tapped-delay line filter structure 100A with the basic structure illustrated in
The filter structure 100A shown in
To understand this efficient "re-use" of the delays, shown in
which is identical to the form of Equations (1) and (4) discussed above.
A block diagram of an exemplary variable gain tap amplifier 900 for a tap filter is illustrated in
For one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a delay element can comprise a simple LC (inductor-capacitor) delay line. However, those skilled in art will recognize that other delay elements can be used and are not beyond the scope and spirit of the present invention.
A representative LC delay line 1800 is illustrated in
For the simple delay structure shown; assuming constant L and, Cl, the delay, τ is approximately:
τ≈NLC√{square root over (LCl)} (8)
in which NLC is the number of LC pairs and the filter's termination resistance, Ro is:
The end of each delay element needs to be terminated with Ro in parallel with a capacitor of approximately Cl/2 for proper operation.
Referring now to
First, it is important to realize that the cascade of delay elements 1102 and circuitry on the left-hand side of the circuit 100C is designed to form a well controlled delay line. This will be referred to as the "input delay line" 1102. Similarly, on the right-hand side of the circuit 100C comprising the two delay elements and associated circuitry in this simple exemplary embodiment, will be referred to as the "output delay line" 1104.
Both the input and output delay lines 1102, 1104 are designed to have minimal signal attenuation and reflections in order to maintain good signal fidelity. As such, as already mentioned, the inputs of the amplifiers g were designed with high impedance and the remaining input capacitance is "absorbed" into the loading capacitance of the input delay line 1102.
This absorbed capacitance can be seen in
The R8, R10 and R9, R11 resistor divider networks scale the input drive voltage so that desired coefficient control range is achieved (approx. +/−1 V in this case). The output of the Gilbert cell multiplier circuit is terminated by the output delay line. The Gilbert cell multiplier will usually see a real load resistance of Ro/2. The output will have a significant output capacitance due the collector capacitances of X9, X10, X11, and X12, but as discussed above, this capacitance can be absorbed into the output delay line.
Referring now to
For the long-time filter 115 (3-tap τ=T0), a six stage LC filter was required to obtain the necessary delay of 185 ps. Referring now to
Coefficient Adaptation Algorithm
The gains of the filter tap amplifiers g are adjusted to maximize a signal fidelity measure q(t) (provided by the SIU 125 for example). The general idea is to slightly perturb the coefficients and observe the effect on q(t). Doing this allows a set of coefficient values to be determined that locally maximizes the signal fidelity. The approach continually perturbs the coefficients to survey the signal fidelity's dependence on the coefficients and tune the SCF 100 to the optimal values in an adaptive fashion. The method is presented for the case of the short-time filter, but the approach is equally applicable to the long-time filter. Alternatively, the cascade of the two filters can be viewed as a single filter whose coefficients are adapted by the following method as will be discussed below.
The intuition in the preceding paragraph can be made precise by restating it as the following optimization problem
where α denotes the vector of adjustable filter coefficients and q(t) quantifies the fidelity of the signal (such as a measure of the signal's Q-factor as produced by the SIU[4]). Eq. (10) is solved via an empirical minimization of q(t). Towards this end, a coordinate descent algorithm can be used to find the local maximum by searching over each coordinate while the others are held fixed (i.e. perturbing one of the filter coefficients α0, α1, . . . , αN at a time). One skilled in the art will realize that other numerical optimization techniques (such as gradient, Newton, and conjugate methods) may also be used to solve Eq. (10).
In some contexts, simply maximizing the signal fidelity may not be sufficient to provide good SCF performance. In particular, there is the possibility of a null-space of solutions. For example, consider the task of short-time equalization when there is no ringing and noise on the received signal to compensate. An intuitive solution would be to have α0=1 and αn=0 for all other n, i.e. perform no filtering. However, an equally valid solution would be, α0=1, αn=A, α2=−A, and αn=0 for all other n where A can be any value (including arbitrarily large values). Other convoluted (but still valid) sets of coefficients can also be obtained. The drawbacks of such non-intuitive solutions are
Motivated by such problems, there may be the desire to guide the values of the filter coefficients αn, in addition to maximizing the signal fidelity. To achieve such a result, a regularization penalty can be imposed in the objective function. For example, solving the following optimization problem could be chosen in place of Eq. (10):
where γ and β are regularization parameters. The parameter β is a nominal value for α Specifically, β is the value one would expect α* to be in the absence of any channel distortion. While β represents the nominal value of α*, γ represents confidence in β and determines how strongly α* is driven towards β. Note that if no biasing is desired, then γ should be set to zero, and Eq. (11) reduces to Eq. (10). Thus, Eq. (10) can be seen as a specific case of Eq. (11). One skilled in the art will realize that a variety of penalty functions can be used in place of the 2-norm in Eq. (11).
As previously stated, the long-time filter coefficients can similarly be adapted according to Eq. (11), i.e. it can be chosen that
where b is the nominal value for the long-time filter coefficients. The nominal situation again corresponds to when the channel introduces no signal distortion. For example, if one generally believes the channel introduces no ISI, then b should generally resemble a Euclidean basis vector, i.e. a vector with a single 1 and the rest zeros. That is, the nominal long-time filter should not do much filtering.
Automatic Gain Control
Thus far, the special case of no DC amplification on the filtered multilevel signal has been considered. A non-unity gain could be selected. And if a variable gain amplifier (VGA) module 105 is to lead or follow the SCF 100, then the control of the VGA module 105 may be incorporated into the SCF's 100 control. In particular, if the desired gain AVGA can be obtained as an external signal (perhaps determined in the SIU 125, then the SCP 100 can control the gain by simply scaling all of the coefficients αn (or αn) by AVGA. This is simply a mathematical operation that can be performed after the calculation of filter coefficients in Eq. (11) or (12). Alternately, the gain control of the VGA module 105 can be adjusted as needed by the SIU.
Simulation Results
To demonstrate results of the proposed filtering method, the inventors completed a MATLAB simulation as applied to real data of a 4-PAM signal in an optical communications system.
First, a system dominated by short-time effects, i.e. ringing and noise, is examined. Specifically, an electrical drive signal and a received signal after 100 km of fiber is considered. The progression of the fidelity measure as the filter adaptation algorithm iterates is shown in
In addition to the short-time distortion noise dominated data sets in
Laboratory Results
An exemplary IC implements the filter embodiment discussed above, as illustrated by the circuit 2500 of
Meanwhile, the long-time filter 2520 comprises three coefficient amplifiers 2510 and four delay elements 2525 to realize the 3-tap long-time filter illustrated in
The improved output provided by the SCF circuit 2500 of
Meanwhile, referring now to
Referring now to
Meanwhile, in
Therefore, the present invention provides an adaptive filtering approach that combines channel equalization and noise filtering. The method and system of the present invention can easily support high speed digital communications which combines channel equalization and noise filtering in a single framework. The method and system of the present invention can account for the effects that equalization can have on noise filtering, and vice-versa. Furthermore, the method and system are adaptive in nature and have a practical means of implementation for high-speed data communications systems.
It should be understood that the foregoing relates only to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, and that numerous changes may be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the following claims.
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
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|Dec 8, 2009
|Fujitsu Limited
|Multi-level modulation receiving device
|Sep 22, 2010
|Jul 16, 2013
|Maxlinear, Inc.
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|U.S. Classification
|375/350, 375/349, 375/348
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 29, 2010
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Wife to dh, Mommy to my heavenly angel, J (06), and my earthly angels, S (07) and E (10)
I just finished Ina May's book and there is a chapter about pre-E and such. I'm watching my nutrition very closely this time around.
Just wanted to note that while good diet/nutrition is necessary for all pregnancies, PE and HELLP are not nutritional diseases. You can't eat your way into PE/HELLP and you can't eat your way out. These are diseases of the placenta that begin very early in the pregnancy; they are not diseases caused by poor nutrition.
If you are looking for things to do in the future, acupuncture is great (before/during pregnancy) and a liver detox (before preg) can help. I think if I were in your shoes, I would probably feel proactive working with an acupuncturist/ND to get liver/palate numbers in a better range...just so there are no false alarms for anybody. HTH somehow.
We know so little about the human body and nutrition, that I wouldn't discount a diet free from processed foods as being a co-factor in preventing pre-e.
I don't know why The Farm has such low PE rates either, but the Brewer studies have never been replicated and no mechanism has been found that would explain why it works.
But it doesn't.
Preeclampsia happens all over the world every day, since the beginning of time. It is the leading cause of maternal mortality, even in (or maybe especially in) countries where processed foods are not widely available.
And there are women who follow the Brewer Diet to the letter and still develop severe, pre-term preeclampsia and/or HELLP Syndrome. There are many on the Preeclampsia Foundation forums.
In terms of 'nutrition' the biggest link I have seen is vitamin D levels. I say nutrition because for many of us we get D mostly in the form of a supplement. There is a correlation between low D and PE. Interestingly enough, the pacific northwest has some of the highest levels of PE and also tests the lowest for vitamin D. I have to wonder if folks at The Farm are getting more D due to location and therefore not getting as much PE.
Hi, I'm Amber
Ava {12.20.08} Levi {8.19.10} Aspen {EDD 7.21.13}
Developed rapid onset preeclampsia with my daughter. BP slightly elevated, showed some protein in my urine at my 37+5 appointment. OB sent me for labs and a 24 hour urine. That night at home I felt "off" I just knew something was wrong. I headed to L&D. BP was 240/150 upon admission. Protien levels in the thousands. Blood work revealed elevated liver and kidney functions. Severely swollen (gained 18lbs in those two days) and hyper-reflexive. I was admitted and put on mag sulfate. Induced the next morning and DD was born after 20 hours of labor VIA cesarean section for failure to progress as deemed by my crappy OB.
Fast forward. Started showing signs of hypertension at 26 weeks. Put on blood pressure medication and full, strict bedrest at 28 weeks. Increased medication at 34 weeks. Now have elevated pressures despite max dose of medication and full bedrest at 39 weeks. AFI is very low due to blood pressure issues as well. Scheduled for an induction tomorrow morning before I am in full blown preeclampsia again as it sneaks up quickly on me apparently. My midwife is doing a gentle induction and I'm praying for a VBAC.
hugs...hope you get that VBAC. sending positive vibes your way for a healthy babe above all else.
Hi, I'm Amber
Ava {12.20.08} Levi {8.19.10} Aspen {EDD 7.21.13}
me+him for 15 yrs, welcomed our little one march 25th, 2010.
it was definitely traumatic. i sat in the parking lot for an hr, struggling to make myself walk into that hospital. 2 days later, i was still asking every Attending OB whether i could just go home.
am i the only one thinking it is irresponsible to get pregnant again? i want a little girl, we planned to have a second, but i can't say i'm prepared to handle early-diagnosed pre-e, a really early preemie, losing a baby .
grieving my HB, grieving another child, not sure what to think...
i came looking for this thread. i'm just, :cry, i don't know...
i'm 37 and mom of my perfect little boy, now 5 months. planned a home birth with awesome midwives.
about 30 weeks, my bp started rising, but urine was fine. finally at 36+5 weeks, my bp was 170/130 and we had "the talk" about bp levels our MWs were comfortable with for HB. i went to see my PCP, hoping to get some meds to lower it, but my urine returned over 300 for protein, and i went straight to L&D for observation.... right....
with the tremendous support of my husband and MWs, charlie was born 3 days later vaginally, after being induced. he was 4lbs, 7oz and had a traumatic (for us) admition into the NICU for low blood sugar and way elevated hematocrit.
it was definitely traumatic. i sat in the parking lot for an hr, struggling to make myself walk into that hospital. 2 days later, i was still asking every Attending OB whether i could just go home.
am i the only one thinking it is irresponsible to get pregnant again? i want a little girl, we planned to have a second, but i can't say i'm prepared to handle early-diagnosed pre-e, a really early preemie, losing a baby .
grieving my HB, grieving another child, not sure what to think...
Aw mama...
and more and another
I can say with absolute certainty that you need more time to get through this. Give yourself time. Lots of it. Talk to someone if you need to. Connect with mamas here and on the forums at the preeclampsia foundation.
And once you start feeling better (and you will), start reading. Read everything on the pre-e foundation website/forums. Empower yourself. Start making a plan for yourself. Surround yourself with people who know what they're talking about and are willing to go the distance with you through another pregnancy.
Statistically, unless you have a factor that predisposes you to pre-e your chances of having this again are low. I know that this does nothing to help how you feel now. When you're ready, I would suggest having a chat with a MFM to talk about your potential outcomes with a future pregnancy. If you have an underlying factor, there's many options available to you. If you don't, your care team can put together a plan to get you through your next pregnancy.
Back in 2007 when my son was born 2 mos. early due to severe pre-e & HELLP, I was totally in your shoes. I couldn't imagine having another one, tempting fate again, skipping the homebirth, going through the NICU experience again, having another emergency c-section again. I had severe PPD and PTSD. But here I am, three years later, and in another year I'll be doing it again. I feel confident with my new-found pre-e education, confident with the support from my care team, and confident that I can tackle any challenges that arise.
Just give yourself some time and space. Later on, it may still feel irresponsible to try again. It might not. Just take your time, enjoy your baby, monitor how you're feeling emotionally, and see where you're at.
Hugs again. If you want to talk more, feel free to PM me.
me+him for 15 yrs, welcomed our little one march 25th, 2010.
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Julius Keye
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Julius Keye (September 5, 1946–September 13, 1984) was an American professional basketball player.
A 6'10" forward/center from South Carolina State University[1] and Alcorn State University, Keye played six seasons (1969–1975) in the American Basketball Association as a member of the Denver Rockets and the Memphis Sounds. He averaged 7.6 points per game and 11.0 rebounds per game in his career and represented Denver in the 1971 ABA All-Star Game.[2]
Keye shares the ABA record (with Caldwell Jones) for blocked shots in a single game with 12, obtained against the Virginia Squires on December 14, 1972.[3]
In 1984, Keye died of head injuries suffered during an epileptic seizure. He was 38 years old.[4]
- ^ Julius Keye statistics Archived 2007-12-17 at the Wayback Machine. at Database-Basketball.com
- ^ Julius Keye. basketball-reference.com
- ^ The Official NBA Basketball Encyclopedia,. Villard Books. 1994. p. 209. ISBN 0-679-43293-0.
- ^ Known Deceased Basketball Individuals at APBR.org
|This biographical article relating to a United States basketball player, coach, or other figure born in the 1940s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
- 1946 births
- 1984 deaths
- Alcorn State Braves basketball players
- American men's basketball players
- Boston Celtics draft picks
- Centers (basketball)
- Denver Rockets players
- Memphis Sounds players
- Power forwards (basketball)
- South Carolina State Bulldogs basketball players
- American basketball biography, 1940s birth stubs


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Conrath Post Office
W7101 Main St, Conrath, WI 54731
Phone: 715-532-5132
Toll-Free: 1-800-Ask-USPS® (275-8777)
Monday-Friday 9:00am - 1:15pm
Saturday 10:30am - 12:00pm
Sunday Closed
Monday-Saturday 10:15am - 12:15pm
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Monday-Sunday 12:01am - 11:59pmPO Box Access Hours
Monday-Sunday 12:01am - 11:59pmLast Collection Times
Monday-Saturday 1:15pm
Sunday Closed
Monday-Saturday 10:15am - 12:15pm
Sunday Closed
*This facility does not process US Passports applications or renewals. Check nearby locations below.
- Bulk Mail Acceptance
- Bulk Mail Account Balance
- Bulk Mail New Permit
- Burial Flags
- Business Reply Mail Account Balance
- Business Reply Mail New Permit
- Duck Stamps
- General Delivery
- Global Express Guaranteed®
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- Pickup Accountable Mail
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Visit our Links Page for Change of Address, Hold Mail/Stop Delivery, PO Boxes™ rentals and fees, Rates on Postage Stamps and Freight/Shipping, Holidays, Bulk Mail, Money Orders, and Available Jobs.
*Please call to verify information. Is anything incorrect? Let us know here
Nearby Post Offices:
212 Miner Ave W
4.0 miles away
N5331 County Road I
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27490 263rd Ave
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Rusk County


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Hot Topic has two new Disney everyday cosplay dresses and I'm completely in love with them. The Mulan dress is both pretty and functional (love the bow) and the Ariel dress is updated but still clearly says Ariel.
Both of them are available now in sizes XS to 3X. Check out more pics below.
Product Pages: Disney Mulan Cosplay Dress $35.92 / Disney The Little Mermaid Ariel On Land Cosplay Dress $35.92


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Lite Cashew Chicken Salad
Recipe by Steve P.
Very tasty made with light mayonnaise and less of it than most recipes to reduce fat and calories. Seedless grapes grapes add a nice crunch and sweetness too. Can be used as a salad on lettuce or a sandwich spread. Use turkey instead of chicken after Thanksgiving to use holiday leftovers
Top Review by Sunnycoach
LOVE this salad. It was one of my favorite to buy from a local deli, so I was happy to find this recipe for it. I get asked for the recipe everytime I make it. Thanks!
See Discussion:1 Review
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 1⁄2-2 lbs boneless skinless chicken breasts or 1 1⁄2-2 lbs turkey breast
- 1⁄2-3⁄4 lb seedless grapes, cut half of the grapes into halves
- 3 -4 stalks celery
- 2 green onions
- 2 cups cashews
- 1⁄2 cup light mayonnaise
- 2 tablespoons lemon juice
- 1⁄4 teaspoon salt
- 1⁄8 teaspoon onion powder
- 1⁄8 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1⁄8 teaspoon dried thyme
- 1⁄8 teaspoon black pepper
Directions See How It's Made
- Boil chicken 1/2 hour, or until completely cooked.
- Cool and cube.
- Slice celery and onions.
- Combine chicken, grapes, celery and onions.
- Add dressing mixture and mix well.
- Chill 4 hours before serving.


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Mega Events: Inside the 2014 Winter Olympics
The SPDC Mega Event Planning Group and MSUglobal are pleased to offer a free Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on the 2014 Winter Olympics. On the surface, the public spectacle of the Olympics is compelling, but going inside the games reveals so much more about the event, the athletes and the host city. The MOOC will explore the many dimensions of mega-events—history, culture, politics, business, law, sports management, health, and economics—and provide the tools and language to interpret and understand the 2014 Winter Olympics. Join the SPDC, and fans around the world, for a month of Olympic spectacle.
The course takes place online January 27-March 1, 2014. It will provide video lectures and provide opportunities for interaction with the instructors and other students. The course will make use of discussion forums and offer external social networking participation or elements.
The course will be taught by Dr. Mark Wilson, a Professor in the SPDC Urban & Regional Planning (URP) Program and Director of SPDC Global; Dr. Eva Kassens-Noor, Assistant Professor for the SPDC URP and the MSU Global Urban Studies Program; and Lisa Robinson, head of metadata management for MSU Libraries.
How to Register
This course is free and open to the public. Registration is available online through the Canvas Network.
Olympics Trivia Videos
Trivia: Winter Olympics
Trivia: Hockey San Moritz
Interactive Live Viewing of Sochi Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony: Friday, February 7, 2014
Time: 10am-2pm
Location: McDonel Hall, Kiva (Room C107), 817 E. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48825
On Friday, February 7, 2014, the MSU School of Planning, Design and Construction (SPDC) and the Eli Broad College of Business welcome the Michigan State community to join them on campus for an interactive live viewing of the Opening Ceremony of the Sochi Winter Olympic Games. This free event is open to the public and takes place at McDonel Hall in the Kiva (Room C107) on the campus of MSU in East Lansing.
The Opening Ceremony Live Viewing event starts at 10am on Friday, February 7, and includes presentations by:
- Joseph Potchen, JD, Visiting Assistant Professor, on Legal Issues of the Olympics;
- Dr. Eva Kassens-Noor on Planning and Logistics of the Olympics;
- Lisa Robinson on Identity and Gender at the Sochi Olympics; and
- Dr. Mark Wilson on the History of Opening Ceremonies.
From 11am-2pm, the Opening Ceremony will be viewed live from the CBC. During this time, attendees are invited to use social media to offer insights and views on the unfolding events. Tweet to #MSUSOCHI or MEPupdates and/or post to Facebook via the Mega Event Planning Group or the discussion forums of the online course. The MOOC includes participants from all over the world, so the MSU professors hope for a wide range of views on this live event.
For those that are interested and/or are unable to attend this live event, at 7:30pm that same night, viewers will have an opportunity to use social media to share their experience for the delayed U.S. broadcast of the Opening Ceremony by NBC.


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Most of the time, transactions outside of your local area involving money orders, cashier checks, wire transfers or shipping (especially overseas shipping) are scams or frauds.
Report all scam attempts to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Help troubleshooting sprouted wheat bread
Ok, what excitement today!!! My Bosch Universal Plus mixer and food processor showed up and my Nutrimill and Bread Slicer. I spent all day super cleaning and organizing for my equipment. I am so glad I have lot's of room in my kitchen and pantry. The Nutrimill is large. Ok now I want to make the original recipe I made 30 years ago with the Bosc Machine then with 2 speeds. Does anyone have that recipe?
I can get both raw, what are your viewpoints out there on both? It seems lots of controversay on Agave. I'm going to buy from Azurestandard,com.
I have finally taken the plunge and joined the forum! Yay! Here's some about me:


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For over 40 years "WMW" is recognized throughout the world as a symbol of high performance machine tools. We at WMW Machinery are proud to continue this tradition by bringing to the marketplace a broad selection of machine tools. All WMW Machine Tools are manufactured according to ISO 9001:2008 and has been certified by TÜV .
Las empresas están ordenadas por ubicación, lo cual se encuentra a la derecha.


text: 1_CROP.jpg Lifestyle & Belief Israeli restaurants get creative on Passover with imitation bread, pizza, and bagels PRI's The World April 17, 2014 Secular Israelis who crave bread during the Passover holiday are traveling abroad in droves these days. They're replaced in Israel by Jews from around the world who fly in to soak in the Passover atmosphere. In recent years, Israeli restaurants have been catering to Passover-observant Jews by preparing imitation bread products for their customers.


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Chris Downing, P.E.
Vice President
Vice President of the Enterprise Innovation Institute at Georgia Tech, Chris Downing has more than 25 years of leadership experience at Georgia Tech in technology-based economic development, university outreach and technical assistance, entrepreneurship and start-up support, and program management. Downing has served in a number of capacities in the development and success of the Enterprise Innovation Institute (EI2), Georgia Tech's primary economic development and outreach organization. His roles have included Associate Vice President of EI2, Director of the Georgia Manufacturing Extension Partnership (GaMEP), Associate Director of the ATDC incubator, and several years as a research engineer with the Georgia Tech Research Institute.
Downing played a key role in the expansion and development of ATDC at Technology Square including the origination of Georgia Tech's research park and corporate collaboration spaces. His technology-based economic development efforts helped Georgia Tech and the Enterprise Innovation Institute win the prestigious "2014 Innovation Award" from the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities. Tech Square's ecosystem also won the "Outstanding Research Park Award" in 2014 from the Association of University Research Parks. Downing is currently leading a feasibility study for the expansion of Georgia Tech's second research park, Technology Enterprise Park, into a broader life sciences and technology innovation district.
Downing's engineering expertise includes energy efficiency and energy recovery systems, mechanical facilities design, indoor air quality, and manufacturing process systems. He is a registered Professional Engineer in both Georgia and Florida and holds a B.S. and M.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Florida.
Jen Bonnett
General Manager, Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC)
Jennifer Bonnett is a technology entrepreneur with more than 25 years experience in the Information Technology/Software Development field with a specialty in Web and mobile technologies. She has served as Founder/Chief Technology Officer of a number of venture- and angel-backed firms, acting as both lead architect and growing/managing the technology team. She and her co-founders raised more than $46 million to fund three companies. She is currently the Acting General Manager of the Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC).
ATDC is one of the longest-running and largest research university-affiliated incubators in the United States. Since its inception in 1980, ATDC has fostered innovation and economic development and has graduated 170 companies, which, collectively, have raised more than $2 billion in outside financing. Headquartered in Atlanta's Technology Square and adjacent to Georgia Tech's main campus, ATDC is the hub for technology entrepreneurship in Georgia.
StartupChicks is a 501c3 focused on empowering women entrepreneurs through education, community, coaching, connections, and investment. StartupChicks has touched over 10,000 women globally through its content and events.
Bonnett played a key role in developing the Entrepreneurs Education Series, a curriculum designed to move "concept stage" entrepreneurs from idea through to angel funding. She is also the architect of the "ATDC @" program which delivers coaching and curriculum to ATDC Entrepreneurs across the state.
David Bridges
Director, Economic Development Lab
David Bridges is a Director of the Enterprise Innovation Institute's (EI2) Startup Ecosystems group and AVP for EI2 International Initiatives. His group advises governments, communities, universities and entrepreneurial support organizations, both in the United States and around the globe, on innovation-led economic development initiatives (ILED). The ILED activities foster collaborations among informal network players to drive public policy, strategic planning, startup ecosystem formation, and fiscal and economic impact metrics for which his group is a foremost authority.
Bridges has been with EI2 for more than 21 years. In that time, he has managed programs around technology transfer, co-development research, SBIR grants, seed fund management, international commercialization, incubation, acceleration, proof-of-concept centers, cluster development, university innovation centers, and startup ecosystems. Bridges is the author or co-author of more than $32 million in innovation-related grants for Georgia Tech, including the NASA Regional Technology Transfer Center, three EDA Innovation 6 projects, the EDA Jobs Accelerator, and the NIST Manufacturing Technology Acceleration Center. Bridges is also the co-developer of the Georgia Tech Startup Ecosystem model currently in practice on several continents.
Bridges holds a bachelor's degree in business administration from the Goizueta Business School at Emory University and a master's degree from Georgia State University.
Karen Fite
Director, Georgia Manufacturing Extension Partnership (GaMEP)
As the director of the Georgia Manufacturing Extension Partnership, Karen Fite oversees the statewide outreach for service delivery to manufacturers and entrepreneurs. She is responsible for connecting businesses, manufacturers, and communities to Georgia Tech's wealth of innovation and technology services, which is designed to elevate their competitive position and economic impact. Previously Fite was the state regional network manager for the GaMEP, leading the team of nine regional managers in their outreach efforts.
Fite is an RAB-Certified Quality Management Systems Lead Auditor. As a member of the Center for International Standards and Quality (CISQ), she provides implementation assistance and training to companies pursuing ISO 9001. She has expertise in assisting companies in the implementation of Lean Principles in manufacturing, government and healthcare entities.
Her earlier experience includes the application of industrial and management engineering, employee involvement, and business principles.
Fite has a Masters degree in Business Administration from the University of Miami and a Bachelors of Science (Health Systems) degree from Georgia Tech.
H. Wayne Hodges
Vice Provost Emeritus
Wayne Hodges has more than thirty years experience in innovation, commercialization, and incubation management. Hodges is vice provost emeritus of the Georgia Tech Enterprise Innovation Institute. Prior to retirement, he was responsible for a comprehensive set of Georgia Tech services that help industry, entrepreneurs, communities, and economic developers become more competitive through the application of science, technology, and innovation.
During his tenure at Georgia Tech, Hodges established and led the ATDC Seed Fund that has invested in more than 75 Georgia companies. The fund invests in Georgia-based entrepreneurial businesses pursuing innovation in bioscience and advanced technology.
He also initiated the formation of VentureLab at Georgia Tech, and more than $50 million has been invested in VentureLab companies. This proactive technology transfer program, now run by the Georgia Research Alliance for Georgia's research universities, has been the model for similar programs at other U.S. and international universities. He was also instrumental in the formation of the GRA Venture Fund, LLC, a private investment fund created to help finance promising companies that emerge through the GRA VentureLab commercialization program. The fund's investors are the State of Georgia, private individuals, corporations, and foundations. Currently, Hodges serves as executive director of the Global Center for Medical Innovation (GCMI), a non-profit formed to commercialize and develop medical devices in the areas of cardiology, pediatrics, orthopedics, and health information technology. The founding members include Georgia Tech, Piedmont Heart Institute, Saint Joseph's Translational Research Institute (SJTRI), and the Georgia Research Alliance (GRA).
Johanna Kaiser
Assistant Director, Advanced Technology Development Center
As the Assistant Director of ATDC at Georgia Tech, Johanna Kaiser has more than 11 years of leadership experience in real estate management, entrepreneurship/start-up support, and program management. She has served in a number of roles within the Enterprise Innovation Institute, Georgia Tech's primary service and outreach organization. With a Master's in Business Administration from Georgia Tech, Johanna manages the day-to-day operations of the technology incubator powered by Georgia Tech, and leads ATDC operations, including facilities, schedules, metrics, and finance.
Tiffany Wilson
General Manager and Chief Operating Officer, Global Center for Medical Innovation (GCMI)
Tiffany Wilson is the general manager and chief operating officer of the Global Center for Medical Innovation (GCMI). She has spent more than 11 years bringing innovative medical technology from benchtop to bedside. She joined GCMI in 2011 to direct business development activities, build strategic relationships, and bring together core members of the medical device ecosystem. GCMI represents the Southeast's first comprehensive medical device innovation center. It was founded to accelerate the commercialization of innovative medical technology that will improve patient lives and grow a stronger medical device industry in Atlanta and the Southeast. Wilson is working with universities, clinicians, industry, investors, and startups focused on innovation, patient care, and economic growth. She currently leads all day-to-day operations of the center.
Wilson joined GCMI from Scientific Intake, where she served as the vice president of business development and strategy, evaluating marketing and distribution opportunities and driving product development projects for the global obesity market. Prior to Scientific Intake, Wilson was vice president of corporate strategy and finance at ACell, Inc., a regenerative medicine and tissue engineering company based in Columbia, Md. At ACell, she led a broad range of initiatives covering corporate finance, investor relations, strategic and operational planning, business development, regulatory matters, and reimbursement. Wilson began her career in management consulting and investment banking, and brings considerable U.S. and international experience in strategic planning, business development, financial analysis, and market evaluation in technology related industries.
Wilson currently serves as the co-chair of the Medical Device Subcommittee of the Metro Atlanta Chamber Bioscience Leadership Council and chair of the Sponsorship Committee of the Southeast Medical Device Association (SEMDA). She earned a BBA in International Business from Loyola University and an MBA from the Georgetown University McDonough School of Business.
Keith McGreggor
Director, VentureLab
Keith McGreggor is the director of VentureLab, Georgia Tech's comprehensive center for technology commercialization that is open to all faculty, research staff, and students who want to form startup companies based upon their research. VentureLab transforms those innovations into companies by developing engaging business models, connecting the researcher with experienced entrepreneurs, locating sources of early-stage financing, and preparing these new companies for global markets.
McGreggor has been an entrepreneur for the last three decades. His first company, Artificial Intelligence Atlanta, was the first AI company in the Southeast, which led to a job in robotics for Lockheed. He has been a founder or co-founder of six software companies. McGreggor wrote and shipped the first 3D program (1984/5) and first color paint program (1987) for the Macintosh. He developed the color architecture for the Macintosh operating system and managed the graphics group at Apple Computer. A stint as co-founder of an internet company in the mid-1990s led to McGreggor becoming a director of engineering at Yahoo in 1999.
McGreggor holds bachelor and master's degrees in computer science from Georgia Tech. He's currently writing his dissertation on fractal visual analogies, in support of his Ph.D. in computer science from Georgia Tech.
Gregory T. Owen
Director of Human Resources
Gregory T. Owen serves as human resources director of Georgia Tech's Enterprise Innovation Institute. He has also served as adjunct faculty for Georgia Tech teaching GT1000 for multiple semesters. He also holds an additional USG adjunct faculty appointment and teaches social science courses in the College of Liberal Arts at Georgia Gwinnett College. He completed his graduate studies at Georgia State University with a Ph.D. in Higher Education Policy and a Master's of Science in Educational Psychology. He has more than 15 years' experience working in higher education and in the field of human resources. His research interests include policy and organizational development, performance management, human resources process improvement, and qualitative research design.
Péralte C. Paul
Marketing & Communications Manager, Enterprise Innovation Institute
Paul has been with the Georgia Institute of Technology since 2014. He has more than 20 years media and communications experience as a reporter and writer for various news outlets — including The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The Florida Times-Union, and The Jersey Journal — and as an editor in online news media at Aol. He has covered a number of different business-related topics, including Banking, Economic Development, Georgia Agriculture/Agribusiness, and Law. He also has a public relations background having worked for a boutique, New York-based public relations agency where he worked on a number of business-to-business and business-to-consumer accounts. Paul is a graduate of Rutgers University, where he earned his bachelor's degree in English, with a concentration in journalism.


text:
So I'm set up in game with a free 30 day trial and the SE Account Management website says there is 0 Crysta in my account.
Now, when I signed up for the game and chose the option to pay using Crysta, I was forced to give my Paypal account details. So, my question is; On November 4th (when my 30 free days are up) will payment be automatically taken from my paypal account OR will my account be frozen until I physically buy more Crysta?


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|Home > Music Genre > New Age Music > New Age Electronic > Track Summary >
Track Summary
Music Track Title: Dreamland
Catalog ID: 421797 ISRC: US5UL1041923
Description: This song will take you on a magical, revitalizing, regenerating, transcending journey with endless possibilities. Like an unwinding day dream. Like energy free flowing. Electronic & orchestral music that will inspire, relax and warm your soul. Drift into dreamland and let your dreams become reality
Social Media Link: https://www.audiosparx.com/sa/archive/New-Age/New-Age-Electronic/Dreamland/421797
Artist or Group: Aedan Sherry
Keywords: Beautiful Flower Holy Wonderful Awe Modern Marvel Leisure Relaxing Transcend Healing Heal Soft Comfort Fly Float Journey Meditate Reflection Aspire Rise Dreams
Music Genre > Sub-genre
New Age Music
New Age Electronic
Extended Properties
Duration: 4:49 Tempo: Med Fast BPM: 139
Arrangement: Band / Ensemble
Instruments: Bells, Celesta, Computer, Glockenspiel, Oboe, Strings, Synthesizer, Vibraphone, Xylophone, Harp, Electronics
Vocal Mix: Instrumental
Use Restrictions: Use in products or productions advocating racial, sexual or similar discrimination or bias prohibited
Moods: Beautiful, Calm, Caring, Comforting, Delicate, Dreamy, Easy, Ethereal, Flowing, Free, Graceful, Happy, Heartwarming, Heavenly, Meditative, Peaceful, Relaxing, Soothing, Touching, Tranquil
Styles: Fairy Tale, Family / Children, Family / Infant, Family / Toddler, Fantasy, Film Instrumental, Lullaby for Baby, New Age, Science, TV Instrumental
Cross-Reference Genres:
Extended Keywords: flying floating majestic reflect reflective dreamer dreamy night time night-time everlasting contemplate thinking think aura aspire express expression freedom senses sensual chillout subliminal subconscious psychic revelation easy recreation yoga pliates emotions emotional happy happiness insight insightful elegant technology new charisma shiny hi-tec sleepy sleep hypnotic heavenly heaven ethereal calm peaceful peace moving inviting comfortable connect people together join timeless never-ending unison unity well healthy ambitious children flashback memory memories gadgets infants playful playing Air carl orff Musica Poetica Gassenhauer water drips drops space charm love romantic fantasy colors colourful games night stars Hans Zimmer Final Fantasy RPG Role Playing Game Star Ocean tetris


text:
*Filename: sexy and beautiful.zip
*Year: 2015
*Total Downloads: 33757
*Uploaded: 02/25/2015 15:00:25
*Type: WinZip
*Supported OS: All
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Each month, Rated People connects over 50,000 homeowners with quality tradesmen - simply enter your job details in the form above to get started.
We'll match your job to the relevant tradesmen in your area - those interested will pay to see your contact details and call you to quote.
As each tradesman expresses interest in quoting on your job, we'll send you their profile and ratings to help you choose the right one for you.
After the work is complete, return to the site and rate your tradesman based on their quality of work, reliability and value for money.
Added 31/03/2016
Leaking shower i have had nothing but problems with this shower since it has been installed...
Added 22/03/2016
Install tap(s) Just want some taps changed on the bathroom sink and bath and jus a bath panal...
Added 30/10/2014
Gas safety certificate 1 x boiler, 1 x gas fire Make of boiler: Baxi Additional information:...
Added 03/07/2013
ferroli boiler needs copper pipe to complete unfinished d i y job
Added 02/01/2012
to replace plastic waste pipes from bath /sink etc on the outside of house
Added 16/11/2011
My job is:- Fitting of a sink; fitting of a tap and hot tap insinkerator; fitting of an...
Right from getting a quote from Matt he was the only choice. The detail he gave when pricing up the job was first rate. He answered all questions I had and offered great advice throughout the quote and the job itself. Weather hampered the job but he still turned up and patiently waited in the van until the rain cleared. Great communication when he was unable to turn up due to persistant rain and gales blowing. I advise all users to use Matt. The cheapest quote and excellent workmanship. Thanks Matt .
Very impressed with work - finally I got someone who was able to diagnose & fix long-standing problem with overflow. Would definitely recommend!!
Punctual, Professional and good value, will use HEating again and recommend rated people for finding quality tradespeople.
Managing your job is easier with the Rated People Homes App, download it today.