text:
Automics: an integrated platform for NMR-based metabonomics spectral processing and data analysis
Spectral processing and post-experimental data analysis are the major tasks in NMR-based metabonomics studies. While there are commercial and free licensed software tools available to assist these tasks, researchers usually have to use multiple software packages for their studies because software packages generally focus on specific tasks. It would be beneficial to have a highly integrated platform, in which these tasks can be completed within one package. Moreover, with open source architecture, newly proposed algorithms or methods for spectral processing and data analysis can be implemented much more easily and accessed freely by the public.
In this paper, we report an open source software tool, Automics, which is specifically designed for NMR-based metabonomics studies. Automics is a highly integrated platform that provides functions covering almost all the stages of NMR-based metabonomics studies. Automics provides high throughput automatic modules with most recently proposed algorithms and powerful manual modules for 1D NMR spectral processing. In addition to spectral processing functions, powerful features for data organization, data pre-processing, and data analysis have been implemented. Nine statistical methods can be applied to analyses including: feature selection (Fisher's criterion), data reduction (PCA, LDA, ULDA), unsupervised clustering (K-Mean) and supervised regression and classification (PLS/PLS-DA, KNN, SIMCA, SVM). Moreover, Automics has a user-friendly graphical interface for visualizing NMR spectra and data analysis results. The functional ability of Automics is demonstrated with an analysis of a type 2 diabetes metabolic profile.
Automics facilitates high throughput 1D NMR spectral processing and high dimensional data analysis for NMR-based metabonomics applications. Using Automics, users can complete spectral processing and data analysis within one software package in most cases. Moreover, with its open source architecture, interested researchers can further develop and extend this software based on the existing infrastructure.
Since Nicholson et al. introduced the terminology
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is widely used in metabonomics studies. Compared to other analytical techniques, NMR has the advantage of fully quantitative analysis and minimal requirement for sample preparation
In this report, we introduce a new software tool, Automics, the first highly integrated open source software designed specifically for metabonomics to our knowledge. Automics runs on the Microsoft Windows platform, and it is developed with Visual C++. Automics provides features for almost all stages of metabonomics studies, including: NMR spectral processing (high throughput automatic modules and convenient manual modules), data organization, data pre-processing (four data filtering methods), and data analysis (nine data analysis methods), along with other useful functions such as statistical total correlation spectroscopy method (STOCSY), expression calculator and database resource exploring. Automics enables researchers to carry out most of their studies within only one software tool, and thus avoid extensive training on different software tools in order to use them properly. Furthermore, with the keen interest of researchers in developing new algorithms for spectral processing, data pre-processing and data analysis, Automics can serve as a framework for quickly implementing these new data processing algorithms and other useful features, due to its open source architecture. As it provides basic data structures, data management and low-level functions, Automics enables interested developers to focus on kernel algorithmic approaches instead of implementing infrastructure within this framework.
Overview of software system
Automics contains modules for almost all stages of post-experimental spectral processing and data handling for NMR-based metabonomics [see Additional file
Additional File 1
Software package of Automics. This compressed file contains executable installation package, source code package, HTML help file, test dataset and readme file of Automics. The latest version is available at Automics homepage
Click here for file
Figure 1
Functional modules and the workflow of Automics
Functional modules and the workflow of Automics.
The main interface and some of the feature windows of Automics are shown in Figure
Figure 2
Screenshot of the main graphical interface
Screenshot of the main graphical interface. (A) Directory browser for spectral dataset; (B) List of a selected spectral dataset; (C) Spectral processing window: displaying, moving, zooming and labeling etc. for spectral visualization either in single mode or multiple mode; (D) Column plot of a bucket/binning digitized spectrum; (E) Worksheet of the data organization module; (F) Column plot of the explained variance for R2 (cum) and Q2 (cum); (G) Scatter plot of PLS scores; (H) Column plot of PLS regression coefficients.
Spectra format conversion
Automics takes Bruker (Bruker Biospin, Germany) format raw FIDs and XWIN-NMR processed spectra by default. For NMR data collected on spectrometers from other venders, FID format conversion should be carried out with a conversion module. Before conversion, a meta-data file is first created in a format definition module, which contains parameters for the source format: FID filename, acquisition parameter filename, spectral width (Hz), chemical shift of spectral center (carrier position), observe frequency, optional FID file header size, byte order (little/big endian) and variable type of data points in computer memory (integer, 16/32 bits; float, 32/64 bits). Based on these parameters, Automics can convert raw FIDs of a variety of existing NMR FID formats, such as those from Varian (Varian Inc., USA) and JEOL (JEOL Ltd, Japan), to Bruker FID data format and rewrite them in Bruker style directories.
Manual spectral processing
Although high throughput automatic spectral processing is one of the major goals and an important feature of Automics, we believe a powerful and convenient manual processing module is still necessary. For situations when the automatic method does not work well (e.g. processing severely distorted spectra), the manual method may be an effective way to correct spectra.
Automics provides an easy to use manual spectral processing module. For spectral visualization, features such as spectral editing, peak labeling, peak information browsing, moving and zooming, are supported. To change the display properties of the visualized spectrum, a dialog can be used to set properties such as line color, line width, line style and background color. For spectral processing, floating tool bars can be used to continuously adjust zero-order and first-order phases for the interactive phase correction, or adjust coefficients of a selected fitting function (polynomial function, sine function and exponential function) for the interactive baseline correction. Other commonly used features, such as referencing, peak picking and spectral derivative, are also supported.
High throughput automatic spectral processing
1D NMR spectra can be automatically processed in batch mode in five steps: fast Fourier transform (Fig.
Figure 3
High throughput automatic spectral processing modules
High throughput automatic spectral processing modules. (A) Fast Fourier transform; (B) Automatic phase correction; (C) Peak alignment; (D) Bucket/Binning.
Fast Fourier transform
FFT converts NMR signals from time domain to frequency domain. This module can perform both complex FFT and real FFT. In addition, DC offset, zero filling, window function with a specific line broadening factor and removal of a potential digital filter imposed on FID (such as that from Bruker Avance spectrometer) are also carried out in this module.
Automatic phase correction
Traditionally, phase correction is generally accomplished manually by trial and error until the real part of the Fourier transformed spectrum appears globally as a pure NMR absorption spectrum. The corrected spectrum is dependent on one's experience. Several automatic methods have been proposed to estimate zero-order and first-order phases
Besides two global methods (maximization of the spectrum integral and minimization of the spectrum entropy) implemented in Automics, we have introduced another easier to implement method for automatic phase correction. This method does not require detection of isolated individual peaks and is efficient for processing large quantity of similar spectra in metabonomics studies. Considering a 1D 1H NMR spectrum with good baseline, the regions near the two ends of the spectrum are normally free of signals. These regions usually belong to the baseline, and they should have nearly horizontal straight line shape after correction. Based on this principle, enough information can be acquired to calculate the zero-order (
(1) Define two pairs of small regions Ti and Tj, Tk and Tl(i, j, k and l are the center position of each region in data point) with a certain window length L (for example, 30 data points). Ti and Tj belong to the higher frequency baseline region of the spectrum, and Tkand Tl are in the lower frequency baseline region of the spectrum. Sum up each region and get their real parts (
(2) Determine two phase errors (
Therefore, the phase errors can be expressed as:
(3) Calculate the zero-order and first-order phases using the follow equations:
(4) Correct the spectrum with the determined
Automatic baseline correction
Current version of Automics provides two methods for automatic baseline correction: linear fitting and non-parametric recognition. Linear fitting method uses pre-defined positions of the spectrum to calculate coefficients of a linear function, which are then used to construct a baseline. Our experience has shown that this method works well in most cases, despite its simplicity.
A non-parametric method was implemented with a variant of Sergey's algorithm
Peak alignment
Frequency shifts due to unstable experimental and instrumental conditions are one of the main sources of unwanted variations for further data analysis. These variations obscure the process of pattern discovery and impede the performance of data analysis. Peak alignment is an essential step to remove effects of such variations from the spectral datasets. Spectral referencing, which sets the inner reference peak (DSS/TSP) of each spectrum to 0 ppm, can be regarded as a simple global method for peak alignment. This method shifts the entire spectrum based on the same reference peak position. Thus, all the spectra with global peak misalignments are well aligned. However, it is not sufficient for correcting individual peak misalignments in spectra, such as those from urine samples with variant solution conditions. Several methods have been proposed to solve this problem. A genetic algorithm can align peaks in automatically selected segments of each spectrum to the corresponding peaks in a pre-selected reference spectrum
Bucket/binning and normalization
Bucket/binning is a commonly used technique for digitizing a spectrum into a row vector. It has the advantages of minimizing misalignment effects and reducing data dimensionality (usually from several thousand to several hundreds of bins) for further analysis. However, it also leads to a lower data resolution. An extreme case of bucket/binning is that each bin contains a single data point, thus it has a full resolution. However, the quality of data generated in this way highly relies on accurate peak alignment, and this method may bear heavy computing burden such as calculating element-based leave-one-out cross validation.
Automics provides both full resolution (data point) bucket/binning and traditional bucket/binning with equal bin width options (Fig.
(1) Noise filtering: use a Savitsky-Golay filtering window to smooth the spectrum by removing high frequency noise with a pre-defined noise threshold.
(2) Peak finding: Among the data points whose intensities are above the threshold, find all maximal points. A maximal point is defined as a point with a number of adjacent consecutive data points on both sides that all have smaller intensities than this point; meanwhile, the intensities of these points on each side are in descending order.
(3) Peak width determining: For each side of a maximal point, the total number of data points whose intensities are in descending order is counted. The sum of the two numbers for both sides is used as peak width for this peak.
In addition to the above mentioned two methods, an intelligent adaptive binning method was also implemented in Automics
Data organization and data pre-processing
A worksheet module was developed in Automics for data organization. Data pre-processing and data analysis procedures are all based on data in the active worksheet. Automics can import/export data files in text format or Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheet format. Commonly used editing functions and some basic statistical analysis (column based statistics, row based statistics and matrix standardization) are supported.
To remove undesirable systematic variations in the spectroscopic data before data analysis, four commonly used data filter methods were integrated into Automics: multiplicative signal correction (MSC)
Data analysis module
After data pre-processing, data analysis modules can be invoked to analyze the data and build data models. Automics provides nine different pattern recognition methods for data analysis. These methods include feature (variable) selection method (Fisher's criterion (FC)
Fisher's criterion method is a feature selection technique. The general purpose of the feature selection is to find significant features (variables) from the original data space in order to produce a better prediction result. Irrelevant features that introduce noises should be eliminated. The importance of an individual feature for discriminating different groups in the training dataset is expressed by the Fisher's ratio, which is the ratio of between-class variance to within-class variance for the training group. A feature with larger Fisher's ratio means that it is more important for classification. Users can select a number of features with the largest Fisher's ratios for further analysis.
PCA and PLS
These are two commonly used multivariate analysis techniques in metabonomics studies. The main purpose of PCA is to eliminate the collinear problem and then reduce the dimensionality of the original feature (variable) space. It is an unsupervised method used to reveal the internal structure of datasets in an unbiased way. PLS is a supervised method for regression. The overall goal of PLS is to maximize the covariance between the predictor space and the response space, and then use the predictor matrix to predict responses in the population. With a cutoff for predicted responses, PLS regression can be used for classification and discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). PCA and PLS reveal the variable contribution for the separation between different groups by loadings or regression coefficients.
LDA and ULDA
LDA is a well-known technique for the dimension reduction and the feature extraction closely related to PCA. Differing from PCA, LDA is a supervised method. It aims to find an optimal transformation that maps the data into a lower dimensional space with minimized within-class distance and maximized between-class distance, thus achieving the best separation between two or more classes of observations. A variant algorithm, ULDA, was proposed for solving singular problem limitation in LDA. ULDA employs the generalized singular value decomposition method to handle singular data. The advantage of this method is that features in the transformed space are uncorrelated, which makes it attractive for the feature dimension reduction. The work on plasma fatty acid metabolic profiling analysis by Yi et al.
K-Mean is an unsupervised method for grouping samples into a fixed number (
KNN and SIMCA
KNN and SIMCA are two supervised methods for classification using data similarity. In KNN method, the test dataset is classified by a majority vote of its neighbors, with a sample being assigned to the class most common amongst its
It was integrated into Automics as another powerful classification tool. SVM is based on rigorous statistical learning theory, and it has been used in a wide range of problems for the classification of datasets such as proteomics data and genomics data. SVM takes a set of features (variables) as input and outputs a classification or a regression vector. It maps input vectors into a higher dimensional feature space using a kernel function. The training procedure leads to the finding of a hyper plane in the feature space, which optimally separates training vectors of two classes. Then, it finds several support vectors that contribute most for the classification. When a new feature vector (sample or row vector in metabonomics) is input, its class membership is predicted on the basis of which side of the plane it maps.
Before invoking data analysis methods, new datasets must be created based on the data in the active worksheet by a dialog interface (Fig.
In addition to the implementation of these data analysis algorithms, Automics provides a convenient way to visualize parameters of data models in 2D scatter plot, line plot, or column plot. These parameters usually include scores, loading, explained variances (R2, Q2), residual matrix, Hotelling's T2 etc. Plot properties (color, legend, title, footnote, scale of an axis etc.) can be conveniently changed. These features in Automics are comparable to those in commercial statistics software.
The performance of many pattern recognition methods are related to the inner data relationship and the data structure. Automics is flexible enough to combine different data pre-processing methods (noise filter, feature selection, dimension reduction) with different classification methods, and produce different classification methods such as FC/KNN, ULDA/KNN, FC/PLS-DA, O-PLS/PLS, and FC/DOSC/SVM etc., to facilitate different metabonomics applications and achieve better results.
Results and discussion
Automatic spectral processing
Automics provides an efficient way for processing a large number of NMR spectra in batch mode by a series of automatic methods, and produces reasonably well corrected spectra. Figure
Figure 4
Overlay display of 1D 1H NMR spectra automatically processed by Automics
Overlay display of 1D 1H NMR spectra automatically processed by Automics. The spectra were processed by automatic modules in the following steps: fast Fourier transform, phase correction (new introduced phase correction method), baseline correction (linear fitting) and peak alignment (global shift method).
For several different spectral datasets, the new automatic phase correction algorithm we proposed worked well. We have also examined this method on a set of spectra that contained significant zero-order and first-order phase distortions ranging from 20° to 300°, and we achieved less than 8° errors for the two phase values (data not shown). As our method does not use peaks for determining phases, our method has no weaknesses due to peak shape, digitization rate or peak overlap. The signal-to-noise ratio of a spectrum has little influence on phase determination, owing to our summation procedure. In practice, the baseline regions of a spectrum selected for determining phase errors are not always in a horizontal straight line, sometimes they could be a little tilted and have small slope angles. However, the angles can be determined from a corrected reference spectrum and then be applied to uncorrected spectra as a prior knowledge for compensation. The main drawback of this method is that it relies on a not severely distorted baseline. Nevertheless, the fact that a spectrum can not be phased correctly due to severe baseline problem may indicate an abnormal situation in the NMR experiment, which should not happen very frequently. Therefore, this drawback will not be a significant problem in metabonomics studies.
A metabonomics application using Automics
We have tested Automics for several application datasets. Here, with an example on the study of metabolic profile in type 2 diabetes, we provide an overview of the validity and the ability of Automics.
Sample preparation
Human blood samples were collected from 41 healthy adults and 57 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from No. 304 Hospital in Beijing. The ages of patients were between 21 and 79 years (44 ± 17, mean ± STD.). All the samples were collected under the same clinical condition before breakfast. The plasma samples were first allowed to clot in plastic tubes for about 1 hour at room temperature, and then aliquots of serum were collected and stored at -80°C until assayed. Right before the NMR experiment, each serum sample (150
NMR experiment
All the 1D 1H NMR spectra were collected at a temperature of 298 K on a Bruker Avance 600 MHz NMR spectrometer using Bruker pulse sequence NOESY PRESAT, which can be depicted as: RD-90°-t1-90°-tm-90°-acquisition. RD represents a relaxation delay of 1.5 s during which the water resonance is selectively irradiated, and t1 is a fixed time interval. During the mixing time tm (150 ms), the water resonance is irradiated for a second time. For each sample, 32 scans were collected into 16 K data points with a spectral width of 9615.4 Hz.
Spectral processing
Raw NMR FIDs from 41 healthy samples and 57 diabetic patient samples were processed in Automics using automatic spectral processing module, including Fast Fourier Transform (correction of DC offset, exponential window function with a line broadening factor of 0.3 Hz), phase correction (new method we proposed), baseline correction (linear fitting method) and peak alignment (global shift method). These automatic spectral processing procedures produced a good result (data not shown) and no further manual correction was carried out. All the processed spectra were data reduced to 470 segments between 0.2 ppm and 10.0 ppm using bucket/binning module with a bin width of 0.02 ppm. Due to the strong solvent signal, the spectral region between 4.6 ppm and 5.0 ppm was excluded.
PLS analysis together with DOSC and O-PLS
To determine whether it is possible to distinguish healthy and diabetic samples based on the NMR spectra, we carried out PCA and PLS analysis using data analysis module on the mean-centered data. PCA analysis showed that the two groups are severely overlapped. The PLS score plot of the second and the third principal components (t2 and t3) show that some clustering is evident even though there is overlap between the two groups (Fig.
Figure 5
PLS analysis of type 2 diabetic samples (57) and healthy samples (41) using Automics
PLS analysis of type 2 diabetic samples (57) and healthy samples (41) using Automics. (A) PLS scores show evident clustering between diabetic (○) and healthy (△) samples. The optimal separation occurs in the second and third components (t2, t3). (B) Regression coefficients of the corresponding PLS model. (C) PLS scores after application of DOSC for removal of one orthogonal component. (D) Regression coefficients of the PLS model after application of DOSC. (E) PLS scores after application of O-PLS. Note that the significant improvement for separation is both achieved by DOSC and O-PLS, and now the optimal separation occurs in the first principal component. (F) Regression coefficients of the PLS model after application of O-PLS.
In Figure
Figure 6
Feature for overlay display of regression coefficients and the corresponding spectrum in Automics
Feature for overlay display of regression coefficients and the corresponding spectrum in Automics. (A) Display of the whole spectral region; (B) Display of a zoomed part; (Green curve, NMR spectrum; Red curve, regression coefficients).
Comparison of different classification methods in Automics
Classification is an important objective in some metabonomics applications. PLS-DA, KNN, SIMCA and SVM implemented in Automics were applied to the dataset for predicting the class membership of unknown samples. Approximately two-thirds of the samples (66/98) were randomly selected to build a training model. The prediction ability of a model was calculated by cross validation. After training, the constructed model was then used to determine the class membership of the remaining one-third samples (testing set, 32/98). We have used different combinations of data pro-processing methods and classification methods to compare their prediction abilities. For example, FC/DOSC/SVM means Fisher's criterion is first used to select an appropriate number of features from the original feature space; then direct orthogonal signal correction is applied to the selected features to filter out unwanted variations; finally, SVM is applied to the corrected data for classification. The results of different combinations are shown in Table
Table 1
Comparison of different classification methods
Recognition rate
Prediction rate
Accuracy rate
95.5% (63/66)
75.0% (24/32)
91.2% (52/57)
85.4% (35/41)
89.8% (88/98)
98.5% (65/66)
78.1% (25/32)
91.2% (52/57)
92.7% (38/41)
91.8% (90/98)
100% (66/66)
84.4% (27/32)
93.0% (53/57)
95.1% (40/41)
94.9% (93/98)
100% (66/66)
81.3% (26/32)
91.2% (52/57)
95.1% (40/41)
93.9% (92/98)
98.5% (65/66)
90.6% (29/32)
94.7% (54/57)
97.6% (40/41)
95.9% (94/98)
95.5% (63/66)
71.9% (23/32)
84.2% (48/57)
92.7% (38/41)
87.8% (86/98)
90.9% (60/66)
75.0% (24/32)
87.7% (50/57)
82.9% (34/41)
85.7% (84/98)
95.5% (63/66)
81.3% (26/32)
93.0% (53/57)
87.8% (36/41)
90.8% (89/98)
100% (66/66)
81.3% (26/32)
94.7% (54/57)
92.7% (38/41)
93.9% (92/98)
100% (66/66)
87.5% (28/32)
94.7% (54/57)
97.6% (40/41)
95.9% (94/98)
100% (66/66)
90.6% (29/32)
96.5% (55/57)
97.6% (40/41)
96.9% (95/98)
100% (66/66)
96.9% (31/32)
100% (57/57)
97.6% (40/41)
99.0% (97/98)
Prediction results were from different classification methods (25 healthy and 41 diabetic samples in the training set; 16 healthy and 16 diabetic samples in the testing set). Recognition rate is the correctly classified rate in the training set. Prediction rate is the correctly classified rate in the testing set. Sensitivity is the rate of true positive classified as positive. Specificity is the rate of true negative classified as negative (Ctrl, mean-centered scaling; UV, auto scaling; DOSC, direct orthogonal signal correction; O-PLS, orthogonal projections to latent structures; FC, Fisher's criterion for feature selection).
Without data pre-processing, the number of correctly classified samples in the testing set (prediction rate) decreases in the following order: SVM gives the best result (prediction rate 81.3%); SIMCA and PLS-DA show similar results (prediction rate 75.0%); and KNN produces the worst result (prediction rate 71.9%). With data pre-processing methods (FC was used to select the top 30 significant features from the original variables; DOSC and O-PLS were used to remove orthogonal variations for the first component) applied to the dataset, all the classifiers show better prediction performance. For example, DOSC/PLS-DA gives an improved prediction rate of 84.4%; O-PLS/PLS-DA, DOSC/SVM and FC/SVM also show improved prediction rates of 81.3%, 87.5% and 90.6%, respectively. These demonstrate the general ability of DOSC and O-PLS for removing noise from data set. As shown in Table
Whether using data pre-processing or not, SVM gives the best prediction result compared with PLS-DA, KNN and SIMCA on this dataset. The superiority of SVM in prediction suggests that not only well known collinear relationships, but also nonlinear relationships may exist in this dataset. To our knowledge, there are very few applications of SVM in metabonomics studies. The better performance of SVM on our dataset is consistent with the result from Bullinger et al
Other related aspects and the future of Automics
Currently, Automics provides a module for conveniently exploring database resources. This function is helpful when researchers want to explore the structure and chemical shift information of metabolites from available database such as Madison Metabolomics Consortium Database (MMCD)
There is still plenty of room for improving the functionality and usability of Automics. For example, some commonly used data analysis approaches such as O2-PLS will be implemented in the near future. A more user-friendly interface is also in our plan for the future development. As Automics was designed with a free open architecture, interested researchers are encouraged to implement new algorithms and extend the software based on the existing infrastructure. We also expect that applications of Automics by metabonomics researchers will help us to get valuable feedbacks and suggestions for improving the platform.
In this paper, we introduced Automics, the first open source software tool with highly integrated modules specifically designed for NMR-based metabonomics applications. This tool covers almost all stages of the NMR-based metabonomics study workflow. The spectral processing modules in Automics are efficient and convenient for either processing a large number of spectra or processing single spectrum offline without commercial software. In addition, features such as data organization, data pre-processing and a wide range of data analysis techniques for multivariate data analysis, classification and regression have been implemented in Automics. Some of the useful data analysis methods in Automics (such as SVM) are not available in widely used commercial software tools, such as SIMCA-P (Umetrics, Sweden). Automics enables researchers to complete spectral processing and data analysis in one software package. Moreover, Automics could be applied to metabonomics data generated from other analytical techniques (such as mass spectroscopy), owing to its flexible and independent module designs. More details about the usage of Automics can be found in the well-documented HTML help [see Additional file
Availability and Requirements
Project name: Automics
Project home page:
Operating system: Windows 2000/NT/XP/2003
Programming language: Visual C++
License: open source under GNU license
NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; MSC: Multiplicative Signal Correction; SNV: Standard Normal Variate Transform; DOSC: Direct Orthogonal Signal Correction; O-PLS: Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structures; FC: Fisher's Criterion; PCA: Principal Component Analysis; LDA: Linear Discriminant Analysis; ULDA: Uncorrelated Linear Discriminant Analysis; PLS: Partial Least Squared; KNN: K Nearest Neighbors; SIMCA: Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy; SVM: Support Vector Machine; STOCSY: Statistical Total Correlation Spectroscopy.
Authors' contributions
BX, CWJ and TW suggested desired features and algorithmic approaches. TW carried out the designing and implementation. KS, QYC, YFR, YMM, LJQ and JH provided samples or experimental data and helped in the evaluation of the package. The online documentation and the manuscript were written by TW with inputs from all co-authors. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
All NMR experiments were carried out at the Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center (BNMRC), Peking University. This research was supported by Grant 2009CB521703 from 973 Program of China and Grant 30125009 from NSFC to BX.
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Understanding 'global' systems biology: Metabonomics and the continuum of metabolism
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LC-MS/MS approach to 'metabonomics' – What can it do for drug discovery/development?
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Automatic Phase Correction of Fourier-Transform Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Spectroscopy Data and Estimation of Peak Area by Fitting to a Lorentzian Shape
A New Criterion for Automatic Phase Correction of High-Resolution Nmr-Spectra Which Does Not Require Isolated or Symmetrical Lines
Automatic Phase Correction of Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Spectrum
Automatic correction for phase shifts, frequency shifts, and lineshape distortions across a series of single resonance lines in large spectral data sets
An efficient algorithm for automatic phase correction of NMR spectra based on entropy minimization
Calculation of Phase-Correction Constants Using the Dispa Phase-Angle Estimation Technique
Automated Phase Correction of Ft Nmr-Spectra by Means of Phase Measurement Based on Dispersion Versus Absorption Relation (Dispa)
A New Algorithm for Automatic Phase Correction by Symmetrizing Lines
Phase angle measurement from peak areas (PAMPAS)
Improved baseline recognition and modeling of FT NMR spectra
Peak alignment of NMR signals by means of a genetic algorithm
Automatic alignment of individual peaks in large high-resolution spectral data sets
Peak alignment of urine NMR spectra using fuzzy warping
NMR-based characterization of metabolic alterations in hypertension using an adaptive, intelligent binning algorithm
Linearization and Scatter-Correction for near-Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Meat
Standard Normal Variate Transformation and De-Trending of near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra
Direct orthogonal signal correction
Orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS)
Orthogonal signal correction of near-infrared spectra
Using contrasts as data pretreatment method in pattern recognition of multivariate data
On Factor-Analysis and Fishers Linear Discriminant-Analysis
Feature reduction via generalized uncorrelated linear discriminant analysis
Feature extraction and uncorrelated discriminant analysis for high-dimensional data
Algorithms for clustering data
Nonlinear Pls Modeling
The Collinearity Problem in Linear-Regression – the Partial Least-Squares (Pls) Approach to Generalized Inverses
Nearest-Neighbor Methods in Learning and Vision
Application of Simca Multivariate Data-Analysis to the Classification of Gas-Chromatographic Profiles of Human-Brain Tissues
The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory
Plasma fatty acid metabolic profile coupled with uncorrelated linear discriminant analysis to diagnose and biomarker screening of type 2 diabetes and type 2 diabetic coronary heart diseases
The comparison of plasma deproteinization methods for the detection of low-molecular-weight metabolites by H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Rapid and noninvasive diagnosis of the presence and severity of coronary heart disease using H-1-NMR-based metabonomics
Free fatty acids and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
High triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and small LDL particles are the main lipid risk factors in coronary patients with type 2 diabetes
Plasma phospholipid metabolic profiling and biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis
Bioinformatical evaluation of modified nucleosides as biomedical markers in diagnosis of breast cancer
Metabolite identification via the Madison Metabolomics Consortium Database
HMDB: the human metabolome database
Statistical total correlation spectroscopy: An exploratory approach for latent biomarker identification from metabolic H-1 NMR data sets


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Hank Williams Jr. no longer will be heard on ESPN's intro to Monday Night Football, but that doesn't mean he has been silenced.
The country music legend, still miffed at being dumped because of his analogy involving President Barack Obama and Adolf Hitler, is retaliating with a song.
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"So Fox 'n Friends wanna put me down
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And also:
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The lyrics also say the U.S. is "going down the drain" and becoming "The United Socialist States of America." Not surprisingly, Hank Jr. also calls for people to not watch ESPN or Fox.
With the Williams intro out, tonight's Monday night game between Chicago and Detroit will be opened with a video segment on Lions legend Barry Sanders.
That's apparently the route ESPN will take the rest of the season, featuring a player who was prominent to the home team's history. Meantime, let the debate begin about who and what should replace Williams' theme song.
Shutdown Corner suggests Monday, Monday by the Mamas and Papas. The Bangles' Manic Monday also could work. Or T-Bone Walker's They Call It Stormy Monday.
More likely, ESPN will come up with a new song. Who would you want to see? Here are our picks:
Reid Cherner has been with USA TODAY since 1982 and written Game On! since March 2008.
He has covered everything from high schools to horse racing to the college and the pros. The only thing he likes more than his own voice is the sound of readers telling him when he's right and wrong.
Michael Hiestand has covered sports media and marketing for USA TODAY, tackling the sports biz ranging from what's behind mega-events such as the Olympics and Super Bowl to the sometimes-hidden numbers behind the sports world's bottom line.

subset: commoncrawl


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In the movie Courageous, the main characters struggle to balance their career, marriage, parenting roles and friendships. Through conflict and tragedy they realize they must be resolute in their everyday actions to prove they have the courage to lead. They learn they must remain faithful to God, themselves and their families to leave an honorable legacy.
Born out of the inspiring message of Courageous are Christian living resources that move the story to the next level. Created to inspire men and women to answer God's higher purpose are books focused on parenting, marriage and leadership. Also, born directly out of the movie Courageous are Resolution Certificates to commemorate your commitment.
Live Courageously!
Books born out of and inspired by Courageous »
Resolution Certificates as seen in Courageous »
Music inspired by the movie Courageous »
Quotes from movie Courageous »
Four men, one calling: To serve and protect. As law enforcement officers, Adam Mitchell, Nathan Hayes, David Thomson, and Shane Fuller are confident and focused. Yet at the end of the day, they face a challenge that none of them are truly prepared to tackle: fatherhood.
When tragedy hits home, these men are left wrestling with their hopes, their fears, their faith, and their fathering. Can a newfound urgency help these dads draw closer to God ... and to their children?
Protecting the streets is second nature to these men. Raising their children in a God-honoring way? That's courageous.
In addition to resources created for individuals and small groups, also available are resources for churches to build church-wide and community outreach campaigns based on the movie Courageous. Follow-up the success of your Fireproof church outreach with Courageous - the next motion picture from Sherwood Pictures, the same film ministry that created Fireproof, Facing the Giants, and Flywheel.
Courageous Church Resources:
|| Communication Tools || Ideas || Sermon Illustrations ||
Other Christian Movie Outreach Resources:
|| Fireproof || Facing the Giants || Soul Surfer || To Save a Life ||
Courageous quotes to stimulate meaningful conversations or provoke life-changing thoughts from the pulpit.
Music for the movie Courageous is set to explode onto the market, leading with the title track song COURAGEOUS from Casting Crowns.


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Ravi Baswani, Passed Away
July 27, 2010 by staff
Ravi Baswani, Shimla: Actor Ravi Baswani, known for her comic roles in films like 'Jaane Bhi Do Yaaron' and 'Chashma Buddoor', died on Tuesday after a massive heart attack.
He was 64. He began his career with 'Chashma .. in 1981, Baswani was established as a comic actor in the cult film 'Jaane Bhi Do …' also earned him a Filmfare award.
Baswani was also a prominent face on television and appeared in supporting roles in films like 'Bunty Aur Babli "and" Pyar Tune Kya Kiya. "
A number of Bollywood stars expressed their grief at his death sad.
"Only man has to know that Ravi Baswani died. How sad and terrible. Wonderful. Gitano heart. Always happy and helpful. RIP," the actor Anupam Kher wrote on Twitter.
"Sad to hear the demise of actor Ravi Baswani. The unforgettable action (BHI Jaane do Yaaron, Baddoor Chasm), may his soul RIP," wrote the director Madhur Bhandarkar.
Filmmaker Sai Paranjpe, who pitched Baswani in "Chashma Baddoor" said the perfect comic timing.
"I'm surprised … He was a great talent and a personality with many facets. The comic was perfect timing … I was a bit introverted," said Paranjpe PTI.
According to her, Baswani not do justice even though his talent was immense.
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.


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|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|5 nights
Welcome to our completely renovated condominium, furnished with all new furniture, to make you feel you are vacationing at an upscale resort on Marco Island.
Enjoy our top floor (5th) unit with a view of Marco River and the pool area, all viewed as you dine on the screened-in lanai. The Angler's Cove complex offers 2 pools, 3 Jacuzzis, tennis courts, boat, kayak and jet-ski docks and a Dolphin Tiki bar & grill (excellent food). Boat rentals, charter fishing, dinner cruises and the boat to Key West is right next door at the Marco Marina. You can walk the beautiful white sandy beaches; enjoy the many fine restaurants, shops and boutiques in Marco or Naples.
This one bedroom unit is spacious and sleeps 4 comfortably. It is well equipped with everything you may need. So, just unpack your suitcase and RELAX!!!! Come and experience a family friendly place with lots of activities for adults and children.
Keywords: Resort, Waterfront, Marco Marina, Condominium
We live in beautiful Cape Cod, Massachusetts. We enjoy an active lifestyle of boating, fishing, kayaking and biking. We are busy individuals who own a business and work in the healthcare industry. We have two sons, two daughter in laws and six grandchildren.
Mary Jo Inman purchased this condo in 2010
Friends owned a unit in Angler's that we vacationed at a few times. We found it relaxing and tranquil. When our unit became available for sale we did not give it a second thought to go through with the purchase. We do not regret one moment of owning this piece of paradise. We hope that when it come time for retirement we will enjoy many hours of new friends and new adventures!
To be able to have a boat right at your dock is such a plus for us. We so enjoy the water and all the relaxing times to enjoy wildlife and the little piece of paradise.
I have rented many condos/houses using VRBO and I can tell you that this condo is the cleanest and most updated place I have ever stayed! Beds were comfy, wifi was reliable and we had a fun time relaxing on the screened in porch while our daughter napped. The only suggestion I can offer is having a drying rack avaible for bathing suits and towels since there isn't a dryer in the unit.
The complex is older but it too is very clean and the pools are fabulous! We will be back next June!
We spent three nights here, the condo is nice, clean and very well equipped, on the 5th floor in a resort. Is has everything you'll need, there is a pool, a tiki bar, and a marina for your boat. I wasn't too crazy about the resort itself, we went Kajaking, and it's not the best place to do that, we took a (short) ride to better places. That said, Marco Island is great for getting on the water, so that made our stay very enjoyable.
This was our second time staying at this Beautiful condo this past year whereby we stay a month and we will return again next year. We love the condo and the amenities it has to offer. It is well equip and very clean and updated. The pools, landscape and Tiki Bar on site and the convenience is ALL so inviting. I am a walker and the walking strolls I take are Beautiful including the tropical foliage, the water views, the burrowing owls and so much more. We love Marco Island and love this condo. The owner is very nice to work with and very accommodating. We Highly recommend this condo and Marco Island..........
I stayed a month and love the location as others have noted you can walk to a number of restaurants, shopping and grocery store. It is a quiet complex to be so large, good neighbors, great pool, tennis and love, love the Tiki bar. The pictures of the condo are right on. It is so well kept and décor is so inviting. Friends who dropped by were so impressed with the storage space and while they had 2/2's they thought my 1/1 was more spacious.
I'm happy to be going back next January!
My husband and I just returned from a long week-end in Marco Island. We had never been to Marco before. The condo is beautiful with all the amenities you could ever want. The location was great with everything on the island easily accessible The owners were so nice and easy to work with. They gave us great suggestions for things to do and places to eat. Everyone was very friendly, If you're thinking about a Florida vacation, this is the place to stay.
The condo was beautifully decorated, well furnished, and immaculately kept. It's located in the area of Marco that we most enjoy because of its proximity to markets, restaurants, and weekly activities. The owner was just very pleasant to deal with and didn't even charge extra for all the 70 and 80 degree weather we had for the months of January and February. My only complaint about the stay is that I'd never experienced two months passing so quickly before. Wonderful experience!
dolphin excursions, Everglades airboat rides, dinner cruises, boat rentals, boat to Key West next door
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
off season
Apr 1 2017 - Nov 1 2017
5 night minimum stay


text: "As we expand our footprint in the derivatives space, our U.S. futures platform will allow NASDAQ OMX to offer member firms new trading opportunities in various products, including metals," said Eric Noll, Executive Vice President of Transaction Services U.S. and U.K. at NASDAQ OMX."We're thrilled to partner with WSEM as we look to develop a robust product suite of steel futures which leverages our INET trading platform and the NASDAQ OMX Data Center for efficient execution across asset classes," said Daniel Carrigan, President of NFX. For more information about NFX, please visit our website at: www.nasdaqtrader.com/NFX World Steel Exchange Marketing (WSEM): WSEM will be periodically assisted by World Steel Dynamics (WSD) and its 12 person staff, and is responsible for marketing all steel related futures products. In addition, WSEM educates the steel industry on the benefits of using futures to hedge the steel price risk to steel buyers and sellers, to professional investors, and to those with large steel equity holdings. WSEM is led by WSD's managing director, Peter Marcus, a renowned analyst of the steel industry for 51 years and the founder of World Steel Dynamics. Marcus believes the advent of steel futures trading brings with it a revolution in the way the industry buys and sells steel. The biggest winners will be those who adopt these new financial tools the earliest and the customers they serve. Pat McCormick, WSEM president, came to WSD six years ago after a 30-year career at Emerson. Pat founded WSD's "Steel Stratagems" consulting service which works with select clients to help them better manage raw material and finished product price risk. John Conheeney, EVP, has over 25 years of experience in the futures markets, and will help customers gain market access, understand the contracts, and work with them to appreciate the benefits of managing the price risk with futures.


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- Overview
- Location & Map
- Highlights & Reviews
- Amenities
Rocpool Reserve Hotel
Think of everything you know about hotels, then forget it all instantly. Rocpool Reserve will redefine the experience forever. It's about elegance, not exhibitionism. Glow, not glitter. Quality, not quantity. Our discreet new boutique hotel, bar and restaurant offers you wonderful luxury in the heart of Inverness. It's an invitation to come and indulge. An exclusive hideaway in the centre of the city.
Location & Map
Hotel Address:
- Rocpool Reserve Hotel
- Culduthel Road
- Inverness, IV2 4AG
- United Kingdom
Location Summary
Rocpool Reserve Hotel & Restaurant is situated in the heart of Inverness just a few minutes walk from the High Street and Inverness Castle.
Directions to Hotel
20 minutes travel from Inverness Airport and approximately 5 minutes from Inverness Bus and Train Stations. By Road – Approaching from A9 (South and North): Exit from A9 toward Culcabock/Hilton. Take the 5th exit (4th if you are driving from the North) off the roundabout and follow B9006/Old Perth Road. Pass Raigmore Hospital on the right and Shell Garage on your left. At the roundabout take the 1st exit onto B853/Culcabock Road. Following signs for city centre turn right at Annfield Road. At the traffic lights turn left onto Southside Road and drive straight through until you reach "T" crossing. Turn right onto Culduthel Road. We are now on your left. By Road – Approaching from East (Aberdeen, Nairn, Inverness Airport): Follow the A96 heading North. At Raigmore Interchange take the 2nd exit onto B865/Millburn Road, toward city centre. Go through 1 roundabout. In the centre of Inverness follow signs for Hilton. Turn left at B862/Friars Lane and follow the road. At traffic lights by the bridge turn left onto B861/Bridge Street and follow the road. Drive up the hill, passing Inverness Castle on your right. We are awaiting you approximately 0.5 mile from the castle on the right.
Highlights & Reviews
Fine Dining On Site
Chez Roux Restaurant.
Guest Review Highlights
230 Reviews
by TrustYou™
Rocpool Reserve
The TrustScore is the standard for reputation, summarizing verified reviews and comments from various sources.Learn more »
100% (230)
Hotel Amenities
- - Fine Dining On Site
- High Speed Internet
Available Activities
- - Golfing
- Horseback Riding
- Theatre & Museums


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This is a list of the songs I think our Queen Minaj just killed because her featured:
- Monster: let's just let it there, please, for respect to Kanye, Ross and Jay... Hell no! Roman was a beast in here!!!! And Barbie sings wonderful in this song!!! And what can I say of the video??? Piece of art, history and real rap!!! Sadly it doesn't chart well but that just show that the song is not just for commercial success, is to show the world what Nicki can do.
- Out of My Mind: have you heard it? NICKI DISSES BOB IN HIS OWN SONG!!!! Best line: "Well, you gon really need a wish right now / When my goons come through and start shooting stars". Roman's work done here.
- Bottoms Up: I don't like Trey's part. I used to forward his part and go straight to Nicki's verse. That verse make you love her!!! I think that was the first time Roman went out... wait! Roman again????
- My Chick Bad: Hate Ludacris part, love Nicki's part. She's the only reason I have this song. I think that Roman is again here xD Did I have to say that is the most seen video on Ludacris channel? I wonder why...
- Hello Good Morning (Remix): God this remix... First I heard the original song, wasn't bad. Then I heard the T-Pain remix, what a good song. But then they come by with Nicki!!!!! LOVE THIS SHIT SO HARD!!!! They totally improve this song with Nicki and Ross give it and extra point (I'm a fan of Ross, btw)
- Y.U. Mad: The amazing female Weezy totally kills this song!!! I mean, I repeat her part again, again and again. I don't like Birdman and Wayne's part. In my opinion, if it wasn't for Nicki, this song can die.
- Dance (A$$) (Remix): Original song released I hate the song... Remix comes up I LOVE THIS SONG!!! Love how Nicki gets so damn dirty in this track!!!
- Fireball: I like Willows part but if it wasn't for Nicki this song probably wouldn't be so known.
- Give Me All Your Luvin': What a poppy song but Roman came up with a savage verse! I swear, Nicki's the only reason why I downloaded this song. And don't make talk about M.I.A.'s verse... buah!
- Till the World Ends (The Femme Fatale Remix): Yeah, the same effect as Dance ass remix. I heard the original version of TTWE and I though "this song isn't going anywhere in the charts. So Nicki came to save the day, I meant, the song.
- Letting Go (Dutty Love) & Born to Be Wild: the songs aren't bad but Nicki superb Kingston in any sense. She hides his mediocre rapping.
- Beauty and a Beat: The song would be an overall song if it wasn't for Nicki. Everybody is talking about "Justiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiine, Argh!" and "but I gotta keep a eye out for Selena". What I wonder its if she write the song because I read somewhere else that she doesn't.
So there you go. Just put her on ya song and you'll have a hit song. Any other song you want to add to this list? See Category:Songs_featuring_Minaj to find all the songs Nicki has killed. Please comment and thanks for reading!!!
-- Come and get this VA VA VOOM VOOM! 23:59, August 5, 2012 (UTC)


text:
- Take the Menopause Quiz
- Essential Screening Tests Every Woman Needs Slideshow
- Patient Comments: Pap Smear - Results
- Patient Comments: Pap Smear - Testing
- Find a local Obstetrician-Gynecologist in your town
- Pap smear facts
- What is a Pap smear procedure?
- Who should have a Pap smear?
- What are the risks of having a Pap smear?
- What kind of doctor performs a Pap test?
- How is a Pap smear done?
- How will I find out the results of my Pap smear?
- What is an abnormal Pap smear?
- How is a Pap smear read (analyzed)?
- What information is included on a Pap smear report?
- Why is a woman's menstrual status important for the Pap smear?
- What are risk factors for cervical cancer and precancer?
- Why is a woman's past Pap smear history pertinent?
- When might a Pap smear not be adequate for interpretation?
- How is the final Pap smear diagnosis made?
- What are the possible recommendations for follow-up after a Pap smear?
- What treatments are available if a Pap smear is abnormal?
- What is the current status of human papilloma virus (HPV) testing?
- With Pap smears so available, why are women still dying of cervical cancer?
Quick GuideCervical Cancer Symptoms, Stages, and Treatment
How is the final Pap smear diagnosis made?
The final Pap smear diagnosis is based on three determining factors:
- The patient's history: The reader (the person reading the smear) takes into account the woman's history as noted on the lab request by the clinician performing the smear.
- Sample adequacy: The reader then decides whether the sample was adequate for interpretation.
- The presence or absence of cellular abnormalities: The reader then notes whether cellular abnormalities were seen on the slides. If the appearance of the Pap smear does not seem to coincide with the woman's clinical history, a comment may also be made to that effect.
The final diagnosis is a short statement that summarizes what the reader has found.
What are the possible recommendations for follow-up after a Pap smear?
Once the final diagnosis has been made, the follow-up recommendation informs you what the appropriate next step(s) might be. For example, if the final diagnosis states that the smear was "within normal limits," the appropriate follow-up might be "recommend routine follow-up."
An abnormal Pap smear is one in which the laboratory interprets the cellular changes to be different from those normally seen on a healthy cervix. There are a number of possible follow-up scenarios for an abnormal Pap smear.


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By then, however, his father had begun to treat him as special, and in his calm but firm manner he made it clear that he expected the school to do the same. Toddler Ugg Their action was successful, and the UGH-BOOT registration was removed from the Australian Trademark Registry. "I remember telling one of the supervisors, 'I love this stuff, I love this stuff,' and then I asked him what he liked to do best. Three days later Jobs flew up to be with them and help name the new baby. [Toddler Ugg] "It was like a veil being lifted from my eyes," Jobs recalled.
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Jared C WoodPhotographer Male PARLIN, New Jersey, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/jaredcwood
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About Me
I've been shooting for about 6 years and am just getting back into the hobby aspect of it. If you'd like me to help you build a portfolio let me know and we'll set something up.
I am open to any kind of shots. If there is something you've seen and you'd like to try we'll go at it, otherwise I can provide some ideas and work on something we mutually agree on. If your interested in working with me please shoot me a message. I'm very easy to talk to and get along with.
Have you worked with Jared C Wood? Add Credits for Jared C Wood! >>
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Forrester Report on Virtual Security Adoption in the Data CenterData Center
Forrester Research released this week a new Technology Adoption Profile (TAP) report on Virtual Security in the Data Center. The research report, which was commissioned by Cisco, asked enterprise dataRead More
Fundamentals of High End FirewallsTechWiseTV
http://youtu.be/GKeQrE6X35s We had fun turning out a few new security oriented fundamentals that we always hope you enjoy. This one firewall animation is very complimentary to a full TechWiseTV showRead More
Cisco ASA 1000V: The Cloud Ready FirewallTechWiseTV
In this show, we cover the new ASA 1000V and how this security family represents the oldest yet most future ready security platform. What is the relevance of a FirewallRead More
Packet Pushers Podcast on the ASA 1000V Cloud FirewallData Center
Greg Ferro and Ethan Banks from PacketPushers.net have released today an in-depth technical interview with Rajneesh Chopra, Cisco's Product Line Manager for ASA security products, on the new Cisco ASARead More
Announcing the Cisco ASA 1000V Cloud FirewallData Center
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78Th5OPU8AE This week Cisco is announcing the ASA 1000V cloud firewall, a product that we previewed at VMworld last month and in an earlier blog post. This video provides aRead More
Re-defining Fabric Scale: Thinking Beyond the "Box"Data Center
Today we are making a significant announcement with several new innovations across our data center and switching portfolio that showcase how our customers can build large scale-up and scale-out dataRead More


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STARmeterSEE RANK
Down 1,201 this week
Michael J. Bassett
Michael J. Bassett is a director and producer, known for Solomon Kane (2009), Silent Hill: Revelation (2012) and Deathwatch (2002). See full bio »
More at IMDbPro » Contact Info: View agent and manager
Represent Michael J. Bassett? Add contact information


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It's crazy. Ugg-outlet.com Apple took the edge off the word 'computer.Ugg Shoes Online" He didn't actually want to leave Reed; he just wanted to quit paying tuition and taking classes that didn't interest him." Woz replied, "Yes, that's what they do in college. "Taking LSD was a profound experience, one of the most important things in my life." They were confused. [Ugg-outlet.com] She answered all these questions and manymore and he lay back on his pillow and listened.
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Beachcomber Holiday Cottage, Mumbles
Ref: MU090
We are delighted to bring you this four bedroom holiday home, a real gem, nestled in the heart of Mumbles. Beachcomber Holiday Cottage is minutes from the bistros, bars and boutiques of the village. The promenade with its views out over the bay, the lighthouse and the pier are all on your doorstep as is Oystermouth Castle. The house itself is immaculate and has been finished to a very high standard. Every room has been decorated in bright, neutrals complemented by the furnishings which are beach themed in pretty, pale colours and white. The house has been expertly renovated and with the large rooms, bright modern kitchen and bathrooms and the attractive and well designed outdoor dining space you are all set for a wonderful Gower Getaway.
About this property:
Beachcomber Holiday Cottage is a lovely place to spend your holiday on Gower. Its location in the heart of Mumbles is perfect with the bustling village and waterfront on your doorstep and the beaches of Gower within easy reach.
This three storey property sleeps six in four bedrooms. The property has been finished to a high standard with a beach theme throughout, alongside attractive period features. The main reception room is elegant and cosy in pale beach colours. Comfortable sofas are arranged around a Georgian fireplace and the flat screen television.
The separate dining room seats six. The contemporary kitchen is of a good size with all mod cons and a handy breakfast bar. This a great space for rustling up family meals or you can move outside for an al fresco BBQ or to sip wine under the stars. The garden has been landscaped with a generous decked area with seating for six and a lower terrace surrounded by attractive stone walls making it safe and contained for children.
Moving up to the first floor of the property, there is a nice sized single bedroom with a 3ft bed adjacent to a shower room with wash hand basin and W.C. The luxurious family bathroom is also on this floor with contemporary bath, walk in shower, vanity sink unit and W.C. The generous master bedroom has a five foot bed and plenty of storage.
On the second floor you will find a lovely twin room, again with a beach theme. The beds are 3ft and a good size for either children and adults. There is another pretty, single room on this floor again with a 3ft bed.
Parking is on the street. Please do not use the resident bay immediately outside the property to avoid a fine.
C/O day - FridayView Availability
The village of Mumbles is known as the gateway to Gower. What was a fishing village with a Norman Castle is now a vibrant centre with restaurants, cafes, bars and boutique shops. A good base for your holiday with all these amenities, beaches within easy walking distance and the isolated beaches of the Gower a short distance away. Escape to Rhossili beach in twenty minutes, and return to Mumbles for a wonderful evening out without worrying about having to drive.
On offer is also an amusement arcade, skating rink, parks with children's play areas, Mumbles Pier and even a friday night film show in the local hall. During the summer holidays there is also children's activities in the park provided free of charge by the local authority. Mumbles hosts numerous festivals and events. The Mumbles Jazz festival attracts musicians from around the world and the Navy Days Festival gets bigger every year. The Raft Race is a big event with local community groups, businesses and pubs getting together to race across the bay in ingenious and comical home made rafts. There are too many art fairs and craft markets to mention as well as a monthly farmers market, do not miss the famed lamb burgers cooked on a market stall and served with a mint dressing and a big mushroom in a bun, delicious.
If you want a change of scene there is the land train which connects Mumbles to the Blackpill Lido with a lovely cafe overlooking the paddling and play areas for the children. Futher around the Bay is Swansea itself for shopping as well as museums, art galleries, Wales' premier waterpark the LC and the historic Maritime Quarter.
The beaches closest to Mumbles are Limeslade and Bracelet Bay. The former has ample parking, a cafe and Italian restaurant with spectacular views over the bay. The latter an old fashioned style ice cream parlor and cafe.
Further along the cliff path are Rotherslade and Langland which are the most popular beaches in the area. There is parking and a number of child friendly cafes. The Langland Brasserie is located next the beach and is open all day for lunch, afternoon tea and evening meals in a truly fantastic setting.
Leave your cares behind and your car if you wish and experience the laid back approach to life in Mumbles where everyone wears shorts from March to October.
Beachcomber Holiday Cottage Availability
July 2017
August 2017
September 2017
October 2017
ages 4 - 16
ages 0 - 3


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The Alkaline 5 Diet : Lose Weight, Heal Your Health Problems and Feel Amazing! Paperback
by Laura Wilson
This incredibly easy-to-follow diet allows you to eat five meals a day without restricting calories, and create the best health you've ever had!
Written by ultra-marathoner and health coach Laura Wilson, who has used these principles to turn her own health around, this plant-based diet is grounded in solid science. Simple, satisfying, sustainable, super-healthy, and systematized, The Alkaline 5 Diet harnesses the healing power of alkaline foods, providing you with all the nutrients you need.
It will give you: consistent and easy fat loss - no more yo-yo dieting! healing of health issues and reversal of disease greatly increased energy throughout the day better mental clarity natural beauty - great skin, hair, eyes and nails improved athletic performance and enduranceA diet that you can follow for 21 days or 21 years, The Alkaline 5 Diet makes it possible to eat big, delicious meals and get into the best health and shape of your life.
You really can have it all!
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 256 pages
- Publisher: Hay House UK Ltd
- Publication Date: 06/04/2015
- Category: Diets & dieting
Standard Delivery
Within the UK
Also by Laura Wilson | View all
Available with free
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|Lovely scalloped pattern. Red under wings too.
Rosy Bourkes were also domestically bred from Normal Bourkes. Maybe someday Red Factor African Grey's will also be available as pets to people all over the world. They're certainly beautiful and desirable! I hope they retain their high level of intelligence and exceptional ability to talk just like their natural wild-colored grey cousins.
|First Red Factor African Grey Parrot, 2007.
These photos also led me to search out other beautiful pink or red birds. In upcoming blogs, I'll post photos of pink birds in addition to my Rosy Bourkes and Scarlet-chested parakeets. I'm especially fond of Rose-breasted cockatoos, for instance! However, I've found many unusual varieties, all very interesting to me, and I hope they will be to you too.
Click below to view a film of this amazing red African Grey.
|Eyes are dark like other African Greys.


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Currently 0.00/512345 Rating: 0.0/5 (Total votes: 0)
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· Completely redesigned current conditions, forecast, and alerts display
· Combined layer groups and layers into one much simpler interface for choosing what you want to see on your WunderMap
· Share your weather with your mom
· Beautiful new app icon
· Greatly improved performance and memory usage
» show more


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* Jerry James <loganjerry gmail com> [2007-09-06 23:45]: > It took me a little digging through the code to figure out what that > crash meant. In case others manage to trigger the same situation, it > would be good to catch this exception and issue a "You dummy, there's > nothing in your JAR file!" message instead. Please file this as a bug so it can be tracked. Andrew
Description: PGP signature


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Bacchant Visions
A wine lovers mystical experience of seeing with the imagination
de Aushlee Benjamin and Paris Daniell
Acerca del libro
Bacchant Visions is an art predicted by chance. All forty drops of paint create a different vision. Each drop has an energy of it's own, determined by how they flow through out the different glasses. Much like watching clouds, each viewers perspective varies. We also turned the glass upside down creating a completely different Vision. In this book you might find; Turkeys, Flying Pigs, Islands, Dragons, Trees, Hearts, Ice Skating Elephants, Explosions, Landscapes, and that's just the beginning.
What do you see?
Características y detalles
- Categoría Arte y fotografía
Vertical estándar, 20×25 cm
84 Páginas
- Fecha de publicación jul. 13, 2008
- Etiquetas Bacchant Visions, Aushlee Benjamin, Paris Daniell, Wine Lovers, Wine, Bacchus, Color, Chance, 10:38
Acerca del creador
Currently a student at AAU, Born and raised in the Bay Area. I use my cultural surroundings to influence and help reveal the true colors in whatever I photograph. My photographic goal is to reveal the little subtle things in life that make it sweet. "The whole secret of life is to be interested in one thing profoundly and in a thousand things well." - Horace Walpole
Inicia sesión o crea una cuenta para publicar un comentario.


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missing translation for 'onlineSavingsMsg'
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Sino Biological™ CD9 Recombinant Human Protein, His Tag
This recombinant protein was expressed from a DNA sequence encoding the second extracellular domain (Ser 112-Ile 195) of human CD9 (NP_001760.1) fused to a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus and a signal peptide at the N-terminus
Manufacturer: Life Technologies LS11029H08H50
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Description & Specifications
Protein; Sino Biological; CD9 Recombinant Human Protein, His Tag; 50ug; Source: Human; Purity: greater than or equal to 90% by SDS-PAGECD9 Molecule (CD9), recombinant human protein is supplied as a lyophilized powder. It is suitable for use in protein studies such as protein structure analysis and protein-protein interactions. In general, recombinant proteins can also be used as an immunogen, as a protein standard, or in cell biology research applications.
- Activity: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA: 1. Immobilized human CD19 at 2μg/mL (100μL/well) can bind biotinylated human CD9 with a linear range of 0.032-0.8μg/mL; 2. Immobilized mouse CD19 at 20μg/mL (100μL/well) can bind biotinylated human CD9 with a linear range of 0.032-0.8μg/mL; 3. Immobilized human CD21 at 2μg/mL (100μL/well) can bind biotinylated human CD9, the EC50 of biotinylated human CD9 is 1.76μg/mL
- Formulation: Lyophilized in 140mM NaCl, 2.7mM KCl, 10mM Na2HPO4, 1.8mM KH2PO4, pH 7.4, 5% Mannitol, 5% Trehalose, 0.02% Tween 80
- Reconstitution: Dissolve the protein in sterile double distilled water to a concentration of 0.2mg/mL or lower; aliquot and use as soon as possible
This protein is manufactured by Sino Biological Inc.
|Proteins, Expression, Isolation & Analysis; Enzyme & Protein Activity Assays; Protein Assay Controls, Reference Standards & Accessories
|Other Proteins
|CD Proteins
|His Tag
|≥90% by SDS-PAGE
|Store at -20°C. Store aliquots under sterile conditions at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Expires one year from date of receipt when stored as instructed.
|<1 EU/μg
|CD9 Molecule
|Assay Standard


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book keeper
Budget ₱440-1200 PHP
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If an item you ordered from TextbookRush does not meet your expectations due to an error on our part, simply fill out a return request and then return it by mail within 30 days of ordering it for a full refund of item cost.
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Description: Beginning in the mid nineteenth century in America, childhood became synonymous with innocence--a reversal of the previously-dominant Calvinist belief that children were depraved, sinful creatures. As the idea of childhood innocence took hold, it became racialized: popular culture constructed white children as innocent and vulnerable while excluding black youth from these qualities. Actors, writers, and visual artists then began pairing white children with African American adults and children, thus transferring the quality of innocence to a variety of racial-political projects--a dynamic that Robin Bernstein calls "racial innocence." This phenomenon informed racial formation from the mid nineteenth century through the early twentieth. Racial Innocencetakes up a rich archive including books, toys, theatrical props, and domestic knickknacks which Bernstein analyzes as "scriptive things" that invite or prompt historically-located practices while allowing for resistance and social improvisation. Integrating performance studies with literary and visual analysis, Bernstein offers singular readings of theatrical productions from blackface minstrelsy toUncle Tom's CabintoThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz; literary works by Joel Chandler Harris, Harriet Wilson, and Frances Hodgson Burnett; material culture including Topsy pincushions, Uncle Tom and Little Eva handkerchiefs, and Raggedy Ann dolls; and visual texts ranging from fine portraiture to advertisements for lard substitute. Throughout, Bernstein shows how "innocence" gradually became the exclusive province of white children--until the Civil Rights Movement succeeded not only in legally desegregating public spaces, but in culturally desegregating the concept of childhood itself.
Limited time offer:
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All the information you need in one place! Each Study Brief is a summary of one specific subject; facts, figures, and explanations to help you learn faster.
List price: $26.00Copyright year: 2011Publisher: New York University PressPublication date: 12/1/2011Binding: PaperbackPages: 318Size: 6.00" wide x 9.00" long x 0.75" tall Weight: 1.144Language: English
Normal 0 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1 :*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0pt; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";}Robin Bernstein is Associate Professor of African and African American Studies and Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality at Harvard University. Her previous books include Cast Out: Queer Lives in Theater.
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|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 - 7 nights
Recently renovated, open concept, clean and comfy two bedroom cottage in Northwest West Woods. Easily accommodates four adults, with one queen-sized bed and one full-sized bed. Beautifully renovated kitchen, dining room and living room, two-car garage and laundry. Beautiful deck to provide those tranquil days grilling and relaxing outdoors. Walking distance to harbor, eight minute drive to East Hampton Village and ocean beaches. The house is charming and completely furnished with dinnerware, appliances, washer/dryer, Internet access WiFi, TV, Combination. RR#16-888
About the owner: My name is Wendy and I was born in New York. After vacationing for years in East Hampton, and the joy I have coming out here as often as I can, I decided to buy this home after looking for a while. When I found this cottage, I fell in love. It had everything I wanted, a fireplace, one floor living, master bedroom, and overall cozy feeling I craved. When I came to view the house, I knew I just had to purchase it. It is a house enjoyed by others as well, and I enjoy hosting the guests who have stayed here. And I hope you will as well. I would also enjoy hearing about you, the purpose of your trip to East Hampton, and how I can make your stay extra special.
Wendy Miller purchased this cottage in 2014
I loved this house as soon as I walked in. It is located in an area with privacy and walking distance to Three Mile Harbor. It allows me to walk along the Harbor all year round with such beautiful surroundings. It is close enough to the village of East Hampton, with great markets, shopping, and restaurants. It is also close to Sag Harbor, a charming town with great restaurants and shopping.
Beautiful deck with an outdoor fireplace, perfect for cozy evenings and toasting marshmallows.
I recently stayed at Wendy's cottage with my husband and daughter. We had a wonderful time and hope to return next summer. The house is even better than we anticipated! We didn't feel like visitors, but instead like welcomed guests at a friend's weekend house – that alone was instantly relaxing. The place is clean and inviting with everything you need to enjoy an evening in if you prefer a slower pace. We ventured out most days but stopped into Citarella for some delicious food one evening that we enjoyed on the deck. The house is tucked away with great places to hike or bike, but close enough to everything in East Hampton, Montauk, and surrounding villages. I would not hesitate to recommend this lovely home (except for the week we hope to return)!
Wendy's home was incredibly lovely and provided us with everything we needed for our Memorial Day Weekend stay in East Hampton! Wendy was very easy to communicate with, and her property manager, Jake, made checking in and out super simple. There was plenty of space for our group of 4 adults, 2 children, and 1 dog. The house is decorated beautifully and is kept very clean. It's also located in an area that allows you easy access to towns and beaches while still maintaining that secluded feeling that we always look for in the Hamptons. We felt so welcomed and hope to visit again next year!
This house couldn't have been more perfect for us and our two young children for a long weekend before the summer season began. The house was even more beautiful than the pictures, and the location couldn't have been better for us—basically equidistant between Montauk and Sag Harbor with lots of villages in between to discover.
We were checked in and out with extreme promptness and pleasantness and the house offered every comfort we could think of. We will definitely be back during the next off season!
This is a great house nestled in a quiet wooded area. The house was beautifully appointed and very clean. Great to go with kids or just as a couple but you do need to have a car. Everything from beautiful county parks, amazing beaches and historic towns are within a 15 min. drive. The owner was very responsive and super easy to work with. A handyman was available if you needed anything and was very pleasant. I would highly recommend renting this property!
I stayed here with my husband and two young children. We had a wonderful time and the house is fantastic. It's very spacious and in a beautiful location. I had been to the Hamptons before but never this area. I must say it's wonderful. Close enough to the action but far away to feel secluded and private. A great deck and grill and a kitchen that has everything. A very spacious livingroom and everything was nicely decorated.. I would highly recommend to anyone looking for a great place to get away from the city. (You may just never want to leave!)
My wife, son, small dog, and I stayed at this cottage for a long Memorial Day weekend. The place was clean and beautiful. It exceeded our expectations and looked even better than the pictures. It was great to relax inside with plenty of space available, and also great to spend time out on the deck grilling and in the yard. I highly recommend this rental. It was a great value.
Walking distance to Three Mile Harbor, eight minute drive to to East Hampton Village and 15 minutes to Sag Harbor.
|Rental Period
|Minimum Price
|Additional Nights
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
|Event Price
1 Jul 2017 - 31 Jul 2017
3 night minimum stay
for 3 nights
1 Aug 2017 - 4 Sep 2017
7 night minimum stay
for 7 nights
My Standard Rate
3 night minimum stay
for 3 nights
|Property Damage Protection
|Cleaning Fee (weekly)
|Pet Fee
|Refundable Damage Deposit
* Approximate monthly price. Actual pricing will depend on the days of the month you stay.


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The Okuma Cedros CJF Baitfeeder Spinning Reels are specifically designed for saltwater use and include Okuma's popular Baitfeeder design. Cedros CJF Baitfeeder Spinning Reels feature rigid aluminum bodies and rotors designed for the riggors of big fish in harsh environments. Okuma's Dual Force Drag System features extreme stopping power while the High Density Gearing assures durability and smooth operation over the lifetime of the reel.
The Okuma Cedros CJF Baitfeeder's easy-to-reach, baitfeeder lever (located on the body behind the handle) disengages the spool to allow the line to run freely. The tension of the free spool can be adjusted with the rear adjustment (which looks and works like a rear drag). The baitfeeder system allows a fish to pick up the bait and run without feeling the drag of the reel. When you are ready to set the hook, flip down the baitfeeder lever and the conventional front drag takes over.
Features of the Okuma Cedros CJF Baitfeeder Spinning Reels include:
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The Public Computers will be unavailable Tuesday, July 25 from 8am-12pm.
Tweens come in to explore different kinds of activities. Everything from sewing, cooking and other projects, have fun while learning new skills. Grades 4-8.
Tween Book Club
Come and join the new tween club! We'll choose some amazing books to read, rate our favorites, and have great fun talking all about them. Gr. 4-8. Thursday, September 29th from 4-5 pm
Turn an ordinary Mason Jar into a festive Halloween Lantern with paint and decorations. Just insert a candle to enjoy a spooktacular effect! If you have a jar, bring it with you, if not, we will provide you with one. All ages are welcome, children 10 and under must be accompanied by an adult. Saturday, October 15: 11am
Come and join the new tween book club! We'll choose some amazing books to read, rate our favorites and have great fun talking about them. Grades 4-6
We will be going over The Selection by Kiera Cass
Join our book club as we talk, about the book and enjoy our favorite snacks. we are making dream catchers and other cool stuff.
Mon — Thu 8am - 8pm
Fri 8am - 5pm
MPPL is closed on Saturdays from Memorial Day - Labor Day.
Sun Closed


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my son is almost 6 months he used to sleep through the night now when he gets on his belly he cries?
My son can roll over from his back to belly and in his sleep he does but he wakes up about 3 times in the middle of the night and cries, then hes awake for at least an hour sometimes 2. I cant take it anymore. he wont even try to roll back over just kicks his legs and arms and cries. I am afraid something is wrong. My daughter is 4 and she was rolling over and back over by now. He never stops kicking. I mean never even when he standing in your arms just jumps and jumps. I am scared he has something wrong with him!!!! Someone please help me..
Answer this question


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There are three kinds of fall tomato varieties that are successful in the home garden.
Here are some types of tomatoes that gardeners designate as best tomatoes to grow in the fall.
Black Cherry tomato
Heirloom, indeterminate, 65 days, black/purple, cherry
Black Plum tomato
Heirloom, indeterminate, 80 days, mahogany, plum
Large Red Cherry tomato
Heirloom, indeterminate, 75-80 days, red/pink, plum/cherry (1 ½ - 2 ounces)
Heirloom, indeterminate, 75 days, red, cherry
Particularly high amino acid and vitamin C content
Red Robin
Hybrid, determinate, 55 days, red, cherry
Sun Gold
Hybrid, indeterminate, 55-58 days, gold/orange, cherry
Hybrid, indeterminate, 70 days, red, cherry
Heirloom, indeterminate, 69-80 days, red/brown, beefsteak (16 ounces), resistance: FN
Heirloom, indeterminate, 69-80 days, pink, beefsteak (16+ ounces), resistance: F
Heirloom, determinate, 70-80 days, red, globe (4-6 ounces)
Heirloom, indeterminate, 69-80 days, purple/brown/black, beefsteak (16 ounces)
Early Wonder
Heirloom, determinate, 55 days, dark pink, globe (6 ounces)
Garden Peach
Heirloom, indeterminate, 80 days, yellow/pink, globe (4ounces), resistance: FVNT
Green Zebra
Heirloom, determinate, 78 days, green, small (3 ounces)
Heirloom, indeterminate, 75 days, red, globe (6-10 ounces)
Hybrid, indeterminate, 75 days, red, beefsteak (12-16 ounces), resistance: VFN
Early Girl
Hybrid, indeterminate, 50-52 days, red, globe (8 ounces), resistance: VFF
Hybrid, indeterminate, 64 days, red, globe (8+ ounces), resistance: VFFNTA
Hybrid, determinate, 75 days, bright red, globe (6-8 ounces), resistance: VFA
Hybrid, determinate, 80 days, red, medium (7 ounces), resistance: VFFSt
Heat Wave II
Hybrid, determinate, 68 days, red, medium (7 ounces)
Hybrid, determinate, 72 days, red, medium (7 ounces)
Solar Set
Hybrid, determinate, 70 days, red, medium (8-9 ounces), resistance: VFFF
Solar Fire
Hybrid, determinate, 72 days, red, medium (10 ounces)
Sun Leaper
Hybrid, determinate, 82 days, red, medium (9 ounces)
Return from Fall Tomato Varieties to Tomato Dirt home
More on fall tomatoes
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Tomato varieties for large containers ...
Tomato varieties for small containers ...
Tomato varieties for hanging pots ...
FREE! 10 Must-Know Tomato Growing Tips: 20-page guide
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I'm sorry - I know I'm a bit late with the preview this month - yesterday I took the day off and headed up to Stoke-on-Trent with Rosie on a 300 mile round trip to the Emma Bridgewater factory. I do love my Bridgewater china.... and so I was fascinated to see how it's made.... Shelves and … [Read more...]
Busy Times at our new HQ ….
It's so nice to be settling in properly here at our new Bustle & Sew HQ. My new neighbours are very friendly - and such an interesting group of people - a policeman with the most beautiful German Shepherd dog, a retired couple who spent years travelling the globe and even a jazz pianist and … [Read more...]
It's beginning to feel a little like ….
No, no, no ... I can't bring myself to type it! But my kitchen shelves are looking very festive - just a tiny practice run for decorations next month. I found a lovely Brixton pottery reindeer jug in a local shop, and have filled it with scarlet berries and rosemary sprigs gathered on this … [Read more...]
Summer seems to have fled!
Today I finally disassembled the wedding rose arch - summer seems to have fled - the evenings are drawing in and it's sooo chilly in the mornings. But it's still only August and I'm not ready for autumn yet! Most of the fields have now been cut and we're enjoying the freedom of roaming across the … [Read more...]