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How to teach biology using the movie science of cloning people, resurrecting the dead, and combining flies and humans
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1 SAGE PUBLICATIONS (www.sagepublications.com) PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE Public Understand. Sci. 12 (2003) How to teach biology using the movie science of cloning people, resurrecting the dead, and combining flies and humans Christopher Rose While popular culture is generally acknowledged to have some impact on public opinion of science, attempts to evaluate this relationship have focused largely on how the public perceives science, rather than how well they understand it. Movies, television, and literature are usually argued to foster a negative perception of science and scientists among the viewing and reading public. What has been left out of this analysis, however, is the degree to which popular culture informs or misinforms the public about how science is done. Does the scientific accuracy and plausibility of a movie s story line really affect the public s understanding of the related science? As a science researcher, I am biased in my belief that realistic movies provide more engaging and thought-provoking entertainment than ones that violate obvious and well-understood scientific principles. However, whether realistic movies actually stimulate public inquiry into real science remains to be demonstrated. As a science teacher, I am also challenged to find ways to engage non-science students in learning about how and why science is done. To this end, I have developed a general science course called Biology in the Movies, which uses biology-based movies as a starting point for discussing the fundamental ideas, techniques, and societal implications of such topics as human cloning, genetic screening, human origins and evolution, artificial intelligence, and recombining animals. Teaching this course has thus prompted me to consider the qualities of movies that make them useful for furthering public understanding of science. In this essay, I attempt to explain those qualities and explore how movies that treat similar scientific ideas with differing degrees of realism can be used to teach science. I close with comments on how movies can be usefully critiqued for their scientific plausibility. 1. Kernels of scientific truth As a scientist and film buff, I find that the point of science in movies is usually to produce an immediate and unintended threat to the physical safety of the human protagonists. Also, the scientific explanation offered is usually limited to a sentence or two of jargon and SAGE Publications [ (200307)12:3; ;038602]
2 290 Public Understanding of Science 12 (3) buzzwords, and the neutralization of the threat usually involves an explosion rather than a scientific breakthrough. In contrast, the movies that suit the purposes of my course offer what I refer to as kernels of scientific truth. These kernels come in several forms, as exemplified by the films GATTACA, The Boys from Brazil, and the 1958 and 1986 versions of The Fly. GATTACA offers a very plausible view of how the institutionalized use of assisted reproduction technologies could lead to widespread discrimination between genetically enhanced and unenhanced people (Kirby, 2000). In The Boys from Brazil, as I shall explain below, the protagonist and audience receive essentially a textbook explanation of cloning by nuclear transplantation. The two Fly movies explore the idea of combining two organisms (fly and human) into one, the earlier one at the level of cells and the later one at the level of genes. The kernel of truth here, however, lies not in the methodology (which is clearly impossible) or the results per se. It lies in the unexpected outcome of the science, which has interesting but obscure parallels in real science. For example, scientists have tried combining the cells of sheep and goat embryos, with the goal of producing a sheep fetus with goat placenta. This methodology is intended for use in preserving endangered species, because it would allow their embryos to develop in surrogate mothers of a related common species without the risk of immune rejection. However, early attempts at this produced a geep, an animal mosaic of sheep and goat cells that grew into a healthy adult of intermediate form and appearance (Fehilly et al., 1984; Meinecke-Tillmann and Meinecke, 1984). Also, after the developmental genes of the fruit fly were identified, it was a complete surprise to learn that mammals had similar genes. It was even more startling to learn that some of these genes function much the same way in both fly and mammal, and that fly embryos can use mouse or human genes to develop normal fly parts and vice versa (Awgulewitsch and Jacobs, 1992; Halder et al., 1995; Malicki et al., 1992). These examples illustrate that real science, like movie science, progresses to some extent on the basis of totally unexpected outcomes. That both movies predate their relevant scientific discoveries also demonstrates that kernels of scientific truth can be entirely coincidental. So what information is necessary to qualify as a kernel of scientific truth? In introducing his book The Biology of Science Fiction Cinema, Mark Glassy (2001) argues that what makes films useful as a teaching tool is their informed speculation about the possibilities of science. Expanding upon this idea, I suggest that films must also convey a critical mass of information for the audience to know how the characters or the director are thinking about the science. Some films convey this information through dialogue or narration (e.g., The Boys from Brazil and Jurassic Park), some convey it indirectly through the action of characters (e.g., Quest for Fire and Blade Runner), and others work at both levels (e.g., Contact and GATTACA). In each case, though, the film conveys sufficient information for the audience to formulate some level of understanding of a particular scientific concept, technique, or discovery; it is not simply demanding the audience to believe in unexplained jargon. Whether the information need be accurate and the underlying concept a plausible one is more complicated. Filmmakers may try to make their science credible at some level in order to maximize emotional impact when the science gets out of hand and conflicts emerge. The underlying rationale is presumably that monsters attributed to jargon or movie-science clichés (e.g., Godzilla and other mutants induced by atomic radiation or toxic waste) do not have the lasting scare power of those with a potentially real biological basis (e.g., rogue sharks, Ebola virus, and gene splicing). The question of whether movie science should also be accurate so as not to misinform the public is a contentious one. Filmmakers are obviously constrained more by the demands of profitability and (one hopes) artistic expression than by
3 Rose: How to teach biology using movie science 291 the principles, laws, and limitations of real science. Some filmmakers, including Michael Crichton (1999), strongly defend the right to pursue their art form in purely fictional terms. At the same time, some scientists emphasize the necessity for realism on the basis that movie science has a major impact on the public s awareness of science, and thus misinformation in movies will undermine the public s ability to understand and respond to the real risks and consequences of scientific progress (Bradley, 2001). 2. Scientific accuracy versus plausibility in movies Any debate over the primacy of fact versus fiction in movies seems bound to a stalemate of conflicting purposes. A more fruitful line of inquiry is to consider the relative significance of accuracy and plausibility in movie science. For this discussion, I use accuracy to refer to detailed information about scientific devices, techniques, and concepts that is likely to be known only to scientists with the relevant specialization. I use plausibility for concepts or techniques that may appear valid or feasible to a general audience on the basis of the information presented in the film and the public s understanding of related scientific knowledge. Although some attention to scientific detail is obviously necessary to root a plot in reality, I propose that plausible ideas have far greater potential than accurate details to motivate the public toward a better understanding of science. On one hand, inaccuracies that are evident only to the experts of a particular scientific subdiscipline are not likely to detract from the general perception of plausibility. From a teacher s point of view, explaining away such inaccuracies does not make a very interesting lesson in how science is done. In addition, the possibility that individual facts or interpretations are wrong is a fact of scientific life. Scientific discovery is driven by a plurality of changing and often conflicting ideas and approaches, and, to paraphrase one eminent biologist, some of the facts used to support any scientific theory usually turn out to be wrong. On the other hand, films that present plausible ideas are thought-provoking simply because they make people wonder whether the fictional science is possible. This opens up numerous opportunities for teaching and learning about science. The four questions that I use to focus my class discussions are: what is the additional science necessary to achieve the film s goals?; what are the theoretical flaws or technical limitations that might make them impossible?; are there any real science analogies to the fictional science?; and how do the goals and implications of the real science compare with the fictional treatment? 3. Plausibility and historical context Appreciating scientific plausibility in films, however, usually requires some consideration of the historical context in which the fiction was created. Popular culture tends to mirror the scientific misconceptions of an era as well as its truths, and this is well illustrated by four movies about resurrecting and recreating life: Frankenstein, Jurassic Park, The Boys from Brazil, and The Sixth Day. Frankenstein is the original story of people using science to manipulate their own fate. More specifically, an antisocial student of natural philosophy becomes obsessed with rebuilding a man from the parts of dead bodies and reviving it with electricity. As Mary
4 292 Public Understanding of Science 12 (3) Shelley was only 18 when she wrote Frankenstein, and had received no formal education in science, her exposure to the research and ideas that inspired this tale is generally credited to her husband and father and their academic acquaintances (Goulding, 2002; Seymour, 2000). Regardless of her exact sources, Shelley s concept of reanimation draws upon an impressive number of contemporary scientific ideas and practices. Foremost is the belief in spontaneous generation, meaning that life could arise spontaneously from dead animal or plant matter. Another inspiration may have been the theory of epigenesis, which argued that the process of a single cell becoming a complex multicellular adult is controlled by a vital force unique to living tissue. Also, during Shelley s time there was considerable experimentation on the relationship between electricity and life, especially the role of electricity in stimulating muscle contraction. The electricity used for these experiments was generated by galvanism, meaning chemical reactions involving metals with different affinities for electrons. Whereas the 1994 film by Kenneth Branagh remains faithful to Shelley s choice of galvanism to reanimate the creature, James Whale decided that lightning would have more cinematic appeal than simply soaking the body in an electrolyte solution. Frankenstein s research methods were also probably inspired by everyday practices of medical doctors in nineteenth century Europe. To research human anatomy and causes of death, doctors usually had to resort to grave-robbing, because there was a general distaste for donating the cadavers of loved ones for this purpose (Gawande, 2001). Also, as this was the early days of the industrial revolution, one of the common tasks facing doctors was the amputation of limbs that got mangled in heavy machinery. Sawbones is in fact a nickname used for MDs in Robert Louis Stephensons The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Viewed against this historical backdrop, Shelley s story of transforming stitchedtogether body parts into a sentient being must have been very plausible for an 1820s public. And although Whale s movie comes over 100 years later, the intervening period of scientific discovery did little to dilute the story s plausibility or emotional impact. Certainly, when viewed against twenty-first-century science, the story s theoretical flaws are rather obvious. Shelley trusted in a force that does not exist, electricity is produced in living tissue but it cannot impart new life to dead tissue, and with the exception of animals that make cryoprotectants, the cessation of heartbeat and breathing sooner or later results in widespread cell death and chemical disintegration. These are irreversible processes that represent an absolute and insurmountable obstacle to this form of reanimation. Nevertheless, Shelley s anatomical concept of reanimation remains educational in a historical sense and, interestingly enough, has been revived in a modern-day genetic version. In Michael Crichton s Jurassic Park, fragments of fossilized dinosaur DNA are extracted from amber and sequenced so that they can be reconstructed into chromosomes. The completed chromosomes are installed into an egg, which is triggered to undergo normal embryonic development to produce a baby dinosaur. Like Frankenstein, this fiction is plausible in the context of its contemporary biology. The 1953 discovery of the chemical structure of DNA led to an understanding of how DNA is replicated and how cells use sequences of DNA, or genes, to make RNA and ultimately proteins. The 1970s gave birth to molecular biology, the science of how gene expression is regulated, and the 1980s in turn gave birth to developmental genetics, the science of how individual genes control the development of organisms. The principal developmental genes of an organism were first identified for the fruit fly, and this work has facilitated the discovery and characterization of literally thousands of developmental genes in numerous organisms, including humans. Indeed, developmental genetics developed such momentum that many scientists gave in to hyperbolic speculation about the potential of genes to explain the properties of living
5 Rose: How to teach biology using movie science 293 organisms. A highly renowned molecular biologist and recent Nobel Prize recipient was quoted in the 1980s (see Lewontin, 2000) as saying that if he had the complete sequence of DNA of an organism and a large enough computer, he could compute the organism. The implication is that by knowing the entire sequence of DNA, he could predict the structure and function of all proteins made from the DNA and thus predict the development of the organism. This idea of genes as a set of instructions, a recipe or blueprint for life, was obviously a major inspiration for Jurassic Park. It is also a very prevalent but misleading metaphor in modern biology. Another architectural metaphor helps to illustrate my point. In the same way that it is possible to predict the color and strength of a brick by knowing the chemical formula of the clay used to make it, scientists can predict some of the properties of a protein by knowing the sequence of DNA used to make it. However, the chemical makeup of the brick does not specify the way that that brick should be laid next to other bricks or the overall shape and size of the final building. Similarly, the DNA sequence of a gene alone does not determine when or where in a developing organism that gene should be expressed to make its particular protein, or, in most cases, the timing and nature of the protein s function. Additional information is required from beyond the DNA, meaning other molecules that are already present in the cell, and the environment of the cell, which includes its temperature, neighboring cells, and numerous other forces and factors. This dependence on information beyond the DNA applies to all organisms, all processes of life, and all stages of development, including the fertilized egg. The information that is put into the egg to control early development has yet to be fully worked out for any living species, let alone dinosaurs whose ancestors diverged from those of living species at least 200 million years ago. So even if it were possible to reassemble all of a dinosaur s DNA correctly, one would still need a dinosaur egg in which to insert that DNA. A more complete discussion of the real science required to resurrect dinosaurs, and its theoretical flaws and technical limitations, is available in the nonfiction book The Science of Jurassic Park and the Lost World, or How to Build a Dinosaur (DeSalle and Lindley, 1997). Most importantly, this book underscores the real triumph of Jurassic Park, which is a plotline that raises questions and ideas from virtually all subdisciplines of modern biology. Switching to human cloning, the 1978 thriller The Boys from Brazil depicts most people s worst-case scenario: cloning many new Hitlers using blood cells preserved from the original. Although unremarkable in most respects, the plot deserves attention here for a scene in which the protagonist seeks knowledge from a scientific authority, a professor who is neutral to the plot and whose only purpose in the film is to instruct him (and the audience) about the method and plausibility of cloning humans. This character answers questions over a cup of tea and shows a film clip on nuclear transplantation. The clip s narration clearly explains the steps of retrieving a recently ovulated egg cell from the mother, destroying its chromosomes, injecting a cell nucleus from the individual to be cloned, jolting the egg with electricity to start its development, and, once cell division has started, transferring the embryo back to the mother s reproductive tract, where it completes a normal gestation. The explanation is complete and, in the context of 1978 biology, accurate. Thus, one might wonder what is lacking in this explanation and what was discovered 20 years later to make Dolly possible. The professor hints at the difficulties of the microsurgery involved, which is one reason for the low success rate of real cloning. The rest of the story is 50 years of trial and error that started with the first successful nuclear transplantation experiments on frogs in the 1950s and culminated with the first successes on mammals six years ago (Di Berardino, 1999). The trials involved many different cell types from different stages of development
6 294 Public Understanding of Science 12 (3) and from different species, and even now, scientists do not fully understand why one cell type can be cloned and another cannot. In addition to the accuracy and completeness of its scientific explanation, The Boys from Brazil deserves mention for its portrayal of a scientist as an unbiased and personable authority figure, one who is willing and able to communicate science to the public. Strangely enough, comments on this film s portrayal of scientists have addressed only the antagonist, a fictionalized version of the Nazi doctor, Josef Mengele (Ribalow, 1998). This character s sociopathic nature is already a matter of public knowledge, and thus his portrayal in films can hardly be considered a fair standard for how moviemakers choose to depict scientists. Let us jump ahead to three years after Dolly, and examine how cloning is portrayed in the Arnold Schwarzenegger movie, The Sixth Day. Although the movie opens with headlines of Dolly and other recent advances in cloning technology, Sixth Day cloning bears no resemblance to nuclear transplantation. It involves infusing a generic human body with the DNA and electronically encoded memories of the person to be cloned. Movie-wise, this is a fantastic idea. That it takes only a few hours means immediate gratification to anyone needing a copy of him- or herself. Villains can now view their bodies as fully disposable, which makes them every bit the equal of their cartoon counterparts. Villains can also become the ultimate control freaks by genetically programming some built-in obsolescence into the clones of their underlings. Education-wise, however, the movie offers no explanation for its highly implausible concepts and provides only the opportunity to identify the many biological principles that it violates. For example, complete and intact human bodies can be created only by the natural processes of growth and development. These take a lot of time, require all cells to have their own DNA, and always produce individualized results. While it is theoretically possible to digitally encode all the information in our brains, the task of converting memories that are stored as three-dimensional patterns of chemicals and cell connections into a sequence of ones and zeros remains hopelessly complex. Also, a lot of who we are is the result of the many environments and experiences that we encounter during our lifetime, and this information is not stored in our DNA. Some obvious examples are Arnold s extra muscle mass and the creases on his face. The Sixth Day also buys wholeheartedly into genetic determinism, unlike The Boys From Brazil, which makes a subtle but powerful statement against this idea. The protagonist of that film eventually burns the list of names of the Hitler clones, confident that the role of the environment in defining a human personality is too complex to ever allow the exact duplication of megalomaniacs, geniuses, or other exceptional individuals. 4. How to appreciate movie science for what it is In summary, of the four movies discussed above, three give fairly plausible depictions of breakthroughs in the science of resurrecting or recreating life. Two of these require some hindsight to pinpoint exactly why the movie science would not work, and the third provides a preview of, and commentary on, real science, the fruition of which is possibly around the corner. This brings us to whether one can expect movie science to be both plausible and accurate, and how movies should be critiqued for these elements. As long as profitability remains the strongest selective pressure in the evolution of Hollywood movies, the answer to the first question is obviously no. What sells is determined by a complex interplay between popular demand and the marketing of popular culture to condition and manipulate popular
7 Rose: How to teach biology using movie science 295 demand. Unless all members of the movie-going public suddenly opt to undergo regular scientific training, the need to enforce scientific accuracy in movies will remain secondary to the need for story lines that exploit science in exciting and innovative, but not necessarily real, ways. However, on the bright side, scientific plausibility is often a carryover from the real science that inspires a movie. Also, whereas scientific accuracy is often at odds with good storytelling (Crichton, 1999), scientific plausibility can only add to a movie s commercial success. In evaluating scientific plausibility, I suggest that reviewers (and scientists) take a lesson from how movies about historical figures and political or cultural events are critiqued for their authenticity. Authenticity is usually interpreted in terms of the depiction of physical reality, meaning the chronology of events, the settings, appearances, etc. However, authenticity can also be meaningfully invoked on other levels, including the personalities and sensibilities of the characters, and the political atmosphere, moral tone, and emotional setting of a story. Likewise, scientific plausibility in movies comes in different forms, and appreciating it is more a matter of finding the connections and parallels (intended and otherwise) with real science than pointing out the inaccuracies and oversights. Acknowledgements Thanks to Dr Peter Weingart and Dr Petra Pansegrau for organizing the conference, to all participants for their stimulating discussions, and to Daniele Jörg for helpful comments on my manuscript. References Awgulewitsch, A. and Jacobs, D. (1992) Deformed Autoregulatory Element from Drosophila Functions in a Conserved Manner in Transgenic mice. Nature 358: Bradley D. (2001) It s the Dilithium Crystals, Captain! ; Science on the Screen, HMS Beagle, The BioMednet Magazine 110: September 14. Crichton M. (1999) Ritual Abuse, Hot Air, and Missed Opportunities, Science 283: DeSalle, R. and Lindley, D. (1997) The Science of Jurassic Park and the Lost World, or, How to Build a Dinosaur. New York: Basic Books. Di Berardino, M.A. (1999) Cloning: Past, Present, and the Exciting Future, Breakthroughs in Bioscience, URL (consulted July 2003): < > Fehilly, C.B., Willadsen, S.M., and Tucker, E.M. (1984) Interspecific Chimaerism between Sheep and Goat, Nature 307: Gawande, A. (2001) Final Cut: Medical Arrogance and the Decline of the Autopsy, New Yorker 19: Gerber, G. (1987) Science on Television: How it Affects Public Conceptions, Issues in Science and Technology 3: Glassy, M.C. (2001) The Biology of Science Fiction Cinema. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. Goulding, C. (2002) The Real Doctor Frankenstein?, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 95: Halder, G., Callaerts, P., Gehring, W.J. (1995) Induction of Ectopic Eyes by Targeted Expression of the Eyeless Gene in Drosophila, Science 267: Haynes, R.D. (1994) From Faust to Strangelove, Representations of the Scientist in Western Literature. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Kirby, D.A. (2000) The New Eugenics in Cinema: Genetic Determinism and Gene Therapy in GATTACA, Science Fiction Studies 27(2): July. Lewontin, R. (2000) The Triple Helix, Gene, Organism and Environment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Malicki, J., Cianetti, L.C., Peschle, C., McGinnis, W. (1992) A Human Hox4B Regulatory Element Provides Head-specific Expression in Drosophila Embryos, Nature 358:
8 296 Public Understanding of Science 12 (3) Meinecke-Tillmann, S. and Meinecke, B. (1984) Experimental Chimaeras Removal of Reproductive Barrier between Sheep and Goat, Nature 307: Ribalow, M.Z. (1998) Script Doctors (Movie Scientists and Public Perception), The Sciences 38: Seymour, M. (2000) Mary Shelley. New York: Grove Press. Author Christopher Rose is an associate professor of biology at James Madison University, Virginia. As well as the general science course discussed in this article, he teaches developmental biology and comparative vertebrate anatomy. His main research interest is vertebrate metamorphosis, focusing on how the skulls of frogs, salamanders, and flatfish change during their metamorphoses and how this remodeling is controlled by hormones and other developmental mechanisms. Contact: Department of Biology, James Madison University, Burruss Hall 213, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA.
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Jennifer Aniston Explains Why A 'Friends' Reboot Will Never Happen
"I don't know what we would do."
"I don't know what we would do."
Between the famous Back Home Ballers + Adam Sandler's one-of-a-kind jingle, you really can't go wrong.
Justin Theroux posted a questionable image to Instagram that appeared to insult Brad Pitt, but he's since clarified he meant no ill will toward the actor.
The 2016 fall TV season presents several new film-inspired series, so we've ranked 30 shows that built on a pre-existing movie's story.
For the second year in a row, J-Law tops Forbes' list of Hollywood's highest-paid actresses.
The 'Friends' actress shares her tips for staying beautiful inside and out.
The cast looks back on how Burrows bonded the five at the show's beginning, and Jennifer Aniston says she originally auditioned to be Monica.
Revisit our favorite moments for the iconic TV series.
Attention, all wedding ring lookie loos: Jennifer Aniston has publicly revealed her new jewelry.
The wedding should insulate the former 'Friends' star from tabloid's endless "Poor Jen!" stories — for now, anyway.


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5 Min Read
(Adds Rep. Barney Frank statement, letter to SIFMA)
By Al Yoon
NEW YORK, Aug 14 (Reuters) - Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac can include, but must limit, the number of large mortgages packaged into bonds in a key part of the market to help contain costs for struggling U.S. housing borrowers, an industry group ruled on Thursday.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the largest providers of U.S. home loan funding, may for the first time use larger loans as collateral for up to 10 percent of bonds in the first stage of the $4.5 trillion "agency" mortgage-backed securities market, an association of bond dealers and investors said.
Shares of Fannie Mae FNM.N and Freddie Mac FRE.N rose more than 7.0 percent, also bolstered by gains in financial stocks, analysts said. For stock story, see: [ID:nN14517758].
The decision by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) follows sweeping U.S. housing legislation that permanently boosted limits on loans eligible for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac programs to $625,550 from the base of $417,000. Lawmakers expected the bill would make it easier for more Americans to get a mortgage.
The SIFMA move allows for some loans in excess of the old limits on eligible loans to be packaged into securities for sale to investors in the "to-be-announced" (TBA) mortgage bond market, an important avenue for U.S. lenders to raise money for residential mortgages.
The new policy applies to Ginnie Mae as well as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
The TBA market's liquidity lowers yield premiums and as a result lowers the mortgage rates lenders can offer on loans they sell into the market.
"This arrangement preserves the overall homogeneity of the market while at the same time minimizing the risk of a negative impact on mortgage rates for lower balance loan borrowers, or, potentially, all borrowers," said Sean Davy, a managing director at SIFMA in New York.
Debate over whether to allow the larger loans in the TBA market, limit the inclusion, or exclude them completely caused a schism among market participants, sources said.
Including the loans, formerly in the "jumbo" category, could increase interest rates on smaller mortgages, but excluding them would reduce the effect that Congress desired in stabilizing housing markets in costly regions, House Financial Services Committee Chairman Barney Frank said in an Aug. 12 letter asking SIFMA to allow all large loans be TBA-eligible.
Rates on larger loans made eligible for Fannie Mae and Freddie mac programs under earlier legislation, but excluded from the TBA market by SIFMA, remain high, he said in the letter.
"This move should help to reduce the cost of mortgages to borrowers in high-cost areas without any negative effect on rates for smaller loans," Frank said in a statement on Thursday. "We will continue to work with SIFMA on this going forward, but this is a very important first step."
Traders were concerned that allowing larger loans into the TBA market would be tampering with a market that has become a more crucial source of home loan funding since the credit crunch set in last year. The bonds make up a third of many "government" mutual funds.
The inclusion of large loans may have an outsized affect on TBA bonds since investors do not know what collateral is in their bonds and assume they will receive securities with the worst-possible characteristics.
"People in the MBS market are conditioned to shun larger-sized loans because of their bad prepayment characteristics," said Nicholas Strand, a strategist at Barclays Capital in New York. "So I think initially people thought this could potentially be a bad outcome for TBA."
The larger the loan, the more apt it is to be refinanced when rates are attractive. Faster-than-expected prepayments when rates are falling reduce the value of a mortgage-backed security (MBS).
Agency MBSs, which trade separately from the subprime mortgage bonds that sparked the credit crisis, have slumped in price since May on concern that capital-constrained investors like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac would cut their demand.
Uncertainty over the SIFMA decision influenced the weakness, though the impact was muted in recent days.
An analysis by Barclays Capital found that even full inclusion of large loans would have a negligible impact on the TBA market since only 15 percent of existing jumbo loan borrowers will qualify under the new loan limits.
Issuers will pool other larger loans into securities, but they will not be eligible for TBA trading. (Additional reporting by Lynn Adler and Julie Haviv in New York, and John Poirier and Patrick Rucker in Washington)


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$150.00 1 year ago
PS3 (Metal Gear Solid Limited Edition) - $150 (Martinsburg WV)
Comes with 6 Games, 2 Controllers, HDMI Cable, and Charging Cable. New Condition.1. Metal Gear Solid 42. Grand Turismo 53. Kingdom Hearts 1.5 HD Remix4. Uncharted 1,2,&3Meet in personCash ONLYNo checksText me if you are interested
1 year ago
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Unwinding For Sleep Avoid Stimulants At Bedtime
Unwind And Relax
|"Your night routine is far more apt to go well and end in a restful sleep if you are feeling calm, relaxed and unwound"
Approximately an hour before you wish to go to bed you should limit the amount of external stimulation that your body and mind are exposed to and start unwinding for sleep. Stimulation causes your body and mind to stay alert and makes it very hard for you to unwind for sleep.
Avoid Stimulants At Bedtime Television ~ Television is one element that can stimulate your mind in a negative way before bed. If you do not wish to eliminate your television viewing before you sleep, you could at the least opt to watch something that is more calming rather than full of action. However, do not watch television in your bedroom.
A mind stimulating activity like this should always take place somewhere away from where you sleep. It is important that your mind and body associate your room as a place of rest, not action.
Avoid Stimulants At Bedtime Exercise ~
Exercise should not take place at least two to three hours before bed. Exercise is meant to increase your blood flow and heart rate, which causes your body and mind to remain in an alert mode.
This is exactly what you do not want to happen near your bedtime. Exercise should be partaken of, as early in the day as possible to provide you with much needed energy to get through your day.
If you have gone out during the evening try not to attempt sleeping as soon as you get home. Your mind will still be very active from any activity you have taken part in and will not easily be able to settle down and start unwinding for sleep.
If you are normally very active later in the evening, you might want to consider adjusting the time you come back home.
You want to make sure that you are home, able to complete your night routine, and unwind for sleep in a sufficient enough amount of time to allow you a proper rest.
If reading makes you feel tired, you can definitely include it as a part of your nighttime routine. However, you should not read items that are too thought provoking, such as work-related material or textbooks.
Make sure that when you do fall asleep at night that your bedroom light is off. If you fall asleep with a light on, you are very apt to wake up during the night to turn it off.
Even something small like this can ruin efforts you have worked towards with your night sleep routine.
As you develop and stick to a sleep routine, you will find yourself able to relax easier and faster.
This will aid you greatly in your quest at becoming successful at unwinding for sleep, fall asleep faster, and fall asleep naturally.
Unwinding For Sleep
Sleep Naturally ~ Natural Sleep Treatments ~ There are choices other than using prescription medication or drugs. Sleep problems or sleep disorders cover a wide range from restless legs to severe cases of insomnia.
|A guide to anti aging, health and wellness for men and women.Information articles and video for exercise, diet and nuitrition, product reviews, water, sleep, weight loss and control. It's not about where you have been it's about where you are going!
Guide Anti Aging
|Relaxing Decor Tips For A Relaxing Bedroom
Your sleeping conditions can effect how well you sleep or how fast you can fall asleep. Tips and ideas to create a calm bedroom.
Create A Relaxing Bedroom
|Your Bed Should Help You Get To Sleep Along with all the other adjustments you make in your quest for natural sleep, you should take your bed; bedding and night wear into consideration. Your bed, mattress, pillows, and sheets should be comfortable.
Your Bed Should Help You
Search ~ Sleep problems or sleep disorders cover a wide range from restless legs to severe cases of insomnia. Articles and health and wellness videos for improving your sleep and getting the rest you need.
Fast Site Search
© 2005-2017 Beauty And The Bath.com
All Rights Reserved World Wide


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Watch this full episode video of Bigg Boss Saath 7 to know who is the first inmate to leave the house.
Bigg Boss 10 - Un-Official Blog; caters latest news, photos, biography of contestants and full episodes. Watch Online Bigg Boss, Photos and News of Bigg Boss Season 10 Serial at Colors TV


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Policies & Procedures
Accommodation Policy:
President Max-well's Pet Services, with the exception of our overnight stays, operates within a two-hour window for each of our visits. We cannot guarantee an exact time of our arrival. If you do request a time, we will do what we can to accommodate you. Special Needs Pets are first priority.
Emergency Veterinary Visits:
All clients prior to going away must make financial arrangements with their veterinarians and let them know that they are under the care of President Max-well's Pet Services. If an emergency arises, we will do everything we can to reach you. At the meet and greet we do provide you with a veterinary release to set an amount, also what to do if there is a life and death decision, and what necessary arrangements to be made.
Denial of Service:
President Max-well's Pet Services reserves the right to deny service or terminate service because of safety concerns, financial concerns, or inappropriate or uncomfortable situations.
Cancellation Policy:
President Max-well's Pet Services does NOT GIVE REFUNDS OR CREDITS for vacation pet care. If more than 72 hours is given for trip cancellation with a valid reason (Family emergency, etc.) a credit will be applied. The credit is valid for one year.
In the event of an early return from a trip, no refunds are given as we have reserved that time for your pet care.
Cancellations for dog walking must made 24 hours prior to the dog walk. Less than 24 hours and you will still be charged for your walk.
Payment is due when you leave for your vacation for visits and overnights.
Overnight Stays:
We require a 50 percent non refundable deposit. Once booked, we cannot book anybody else, so that limits the amount of other clients we can serve.
Holiday Cancellation Policy:
Holidays include: Easter, the weekends of President's Day, Memorial Day, 4th of July and Labor Day Thanksgiving , Christmas and New Year's Weeks. These are our busy times and space is limited.
All cancellations must be made within 30 days of the first scheduled visit. If you do not cancel, you will be responsible for the entire amount you book. No exceptions. We will send you an invoice for the time and it is to be paid promptly. No payment, we have the right to refuse service with you and any future visits.
President Max-well's Pet Services offers professional pet sitting, dog walking overnight says, and pet taxi services in the Jupiter, Tequesta and Palm Beach Gardens areas. 33458, 33469, 33477, 33410, 33408.


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Related terms for "algae biofuel ":
biofuel companies
International testing and inspection company serving the world`s food, agriculture, chemical, petroleum, consumer and related industries. Expertise includes analytical laboratory services, product quality and loss control inspection, process measurement, process chemistry, web-enabled capabilities and laboratory outsourcing. Serving the world`s leading oil, chemical and ...
based in Houston, TEXAS (USA).
The Advanced Biofuel Center (CJP) is a bioenergy crop research and development company that is meeting global demand for sustainable plant oil by working towards scientific commercialization of dedicated biodiesel crop that will lend credibility; reliability and scalability. With a fully integrated platform featuring a world-class leadership and science team, the most ...
based in Jaipur, INDIA.
Algenol today possesses the most advanced third generation biofuel technology in the United States. Algenol makes low cost ethanol directly from CO2 and seawater using hybrid algae in sealed, clear plastic photobioreactors through its unique, patented Direct To Ethanol® technology — all powered by the sun. Algenol's research and development efforts have culminated in a ...
based in Fort Myers, FLORIDA (USA).
Algae Lab Systems provides monitoring and control systems for two industries: the commercial algae growing industry and the aquaculture industry. Algae for biofuels, algae for animal feed, algae for nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and biomaterials. There are so many uses for algae but like any crop, growing algae can be challenging. Each algae strain has its own unique optimal ...
based in Boulder, NORTH CAROLINA (USA).
Scipio Biofuels Inc. is a privately owned corporation founded in 2008, registered in California, and headquartered in Orange County CA. From the very beginning, as we developed our company and technology, our motto has been `Go Big or Go Home.` With that idea, we have developed the comprehensive, continuous flow technology required to cultivate algae on a large commercial ...
based in Orange County, CALIFORNIA (USA).
We are a provider of both biodiesel plant consulting and equipment designing service.Our Goal Development of Algae Oil Production Unit³Based on best today's achievements³Continuous process from algae cultivation to oil extraction³Simple in design³Robust in construction³Simple to use:³No technical background needed for operation³Fully automated monitoring and controlling ...
based in Taipei, TAIWAN.
The Algae Biomass Organization (ABO) is a non-profit organization whose mission is to promote the development of viable commercial markets for renewable and sustainable commodities derived from algae. Its membership is comprised of people, companies and organizations across the value chain.
based in Preston, MINNESOTA (USA).
BioProcess Algae, LLC designs, builds, and operates commercial scale bioreactors that enable efficient conversion of light and CO2 into high value microbial feedstock.
based in Portsmouth, RHODE ISLAND (USA).
The Scottish Biofuel Programme is a grant-funded Programme with support from Scottish Enterprise, Zero Waste Scotland and Transport Scotland, our advice and support is impartial, independent and free of charge to eligible Scottish businesses. Our Biofuel Development Fund provides grants to fund project work carried out on behalf of eligible businesses to identify, ...
based in Edinburgh, UNITED KINGDOM.
Aurora Algae leads the world in the development of high performance, sustainable algae-based alternatives that improve the way we live and grow. Our unique algae platform and optimized production methods yield a plethora of cost effective, high value products addressing a variety of markets.
based in Hayward, CALIFORNIA (USA).
European Algae Biomass Association (EABA) is to promote mutual interchange and cooperation in the field of algae biomass production and use, including biofuels uses and all other utilisations. It aims at creating, developing and maintaining solidarity and links between its Members and at defending their interests at European and international level. Its main target is to ...
based in Firenze, ITALY.
Leaders of Sustainable Biofuels, believe that 2nd Generation and Advanced Biofuels (2GAB) made from no-food competing feedstocks represent one of the major industrial opportunities today for our planet in the sustainable energy technology field. The world is taking action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and 2GAB are a key part of the solution, because they do not ...
based in Florence, ITALY.
The member companies of The Advanced BioFuels Association (ABFA) represent the new generation of advanced and renewable technologies that will help drive America`s new economy and fuel a sustainable future for the world. Advanced Biofuels Association (ABFA) a wide range of technologies, feedstocks, and molecules within the advanced biofuels industry. Our members are ...
based in Washington, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (USA).
The overall goal of the National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts consortium is to produce new technologies that can be implemented by our commercial partners and others developing the algal biofuel industry. In order to achieve this goal, our program incorporates major objectives in Algal Biology, Cultivation, Harvesting/Extraction, and Conversion to fuels, ...
based in NEW MEXICO (USA).
MicroAlgae Technologies services include algae strain selection, laboratory scaleup, algaculture site evaluation, biofuels facility design, production culture maintenance, cost effective oil extraction and commercial harvesting technology.
based in Emeryville, CALIFORNIA (USA).
Algarythm is the operating company developing an algae biofuels facility at Darke Peak, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia.The site will produce algal biomass to be sold for off site processing of biodiesel and other high value health food and agri-byproducts.
based in Eyre Peninsula, AUSTRALIA.
Headquartered near Seattle in the Pacific Northwest, we focus on the selection cultivation, harvesting, processing, and regeneration of algae for biofuel and other energy needs. We are committed to this innovative energy solution to help reduce greenhouse gasses around the globe – eliminate the harvesting of food for fuel – and slow the current dependency and usage of ...
based in Seattle, WASHINGTON (USA).
International Aquaculture, Algaculture and Mariculture Consultants. Environmental Engineers designing low carbon systems utilising ecological engineering technologies. Examples include algae pond photobioreactors (converts wastewaters to biofuels), reed bed wastewater treatment systems (reuse of water), saline solar thermal ponds (renewable energy generation) and zero ...
based in Darke Peak, AUSTRALIA.
Algatek SL is a Bio-Tech company situated in Asturias in Spain. After 7 years of research, Algatek has developed and patented a new type of bioreactor, the Algatek Algae Accelerator (AAA), to be operated in indoor production facilities to shield the algae from certain sun spectrums that are detriment to the algae growth factor. The sunlight has been substituted by LED ...
based in Teverga, SPAIN.
BioVantage Resources, Inc. delivers algae production solutions for bioremediation of municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater. BioVantage believes that waste streams can not only be remediated more completely with biological solutions, but that they can be turned into value. Our `green` solution accelerates nature to more effectively, more energy efficiently, and ...
based in Golden, COLORADO (USA).
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Project DescriptionFrom the AIA:
Centennial Mills re[CYCLE]d is a revitalization project of an abandoned site. Located along the Willamette River, the project site is at 10th Ave and NW Naito Pkwy.
From the jury:
This project demonstrates mastery and understanding of all ten measures and maturity beyond its years. The architecture is wonderfully understated, and it shows an impressive amount of restraint and sophistication. The project is an outstanding example of adaptive reuse. It makes connections to the larger urban context beyond the property line and starts to address place-making next to the river in a strong way. It is an inviting space that the community would appreciate.


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Recycle an old tractor tire by making it into a feeder for animals. Animal feeders can be made simply by cutting the tire the long way to make two feeders. Large tractor tires can be made into large animal feeders which are great for cattle; small lawn tractor tires can be made into feeders for small animals such as chickens. Just make sure the wheel and inner tube have been removed from the tractor tire.
Things You'll Need
- Sharp utility knife, hacksaw or tin snips
- Leather gloves
- Garden hose
- Mild dish soap
- Sponge
- Towel
- Rubber or plastic tubing
- Scissors
- Waterproof non-toxic tape
- Animal feed
Cut the tire the long way around the middle with a sharp utility knife, hacksaw or tin snips. You want to have a top and bottom piece. Wear leather gloves.
Separate the top and the bottom and set them so the insides of the tires are facing up. Use a garden hose to spray the insides out with water. Scrub the entire tire with mild dish soap and a sponge to remove any powder residues from the inner tube or contaminants that could have gotten into the tire. Rinse the tire completely with water and let dry or dry with a towel.
Measure out rubber or plastic tubing so that it is the length of the circumference of the tire. Cut the tubing the long way down the center with scissors. Clean the tubing inside and out with water and a mild dish soap.
Cut away any rough edges of the tire with a utility knife, hacksaw or tin snips. Create a smooth edge on the tire by slipping the cut rubber or plastic tubing around the cut edge of the tire; this will protect the animals from being snagged by the tire. Tape the tubing to the tire where the ends meet and every foot with a waterproof non-toxic tape. Repeat for the second tire half if desired.
Fill the inside of the tire with animal feed.
Tips & Warnings
- Use half of the tractor tire as a sandbox. Fill the tire with sand then cover the tire with a cover when children are not using it to protect it from cats.
- Instead of a feeder, use the tractor tire as a planting bed for flowers. Drill holes in the bottom of the tire half then fill with dirt and flowers.
- Large tractor tires are heavy so it is recommended to have more than one person helping to make a feeder out of large tractor tires.
- Use caution when cutting tractor tires.
Related Searches
- "Almanac For A Board Housewife"; Victoria Proulx; 1976
- Photo Credit Chris Shinn/Photodisc/Getty Images
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Are for Shrewsbury residents who are on the Town's PAYT program only (condos and apartments with private pick-up service are exempt. Please contact your management office or condo association for proper disposal methods.)
Bureau, couch, desk, bookcase, upholstered chair, toilet (1 sticker for each item)
Sectional (1 sticker for each section)
Twin size mattress & box spring combination (you only need 1 sticker for both pieces)
Full, queen, or king size mattress (1 sticker for each item)
Full, queen, or king size box spring (1 sticker for each item)
You do not need to schedule a pick-up.
Please refer to the list below:
Boylston Shell Station, 328 Shrewsbury Street, Boylston
CVS, 197 Boston Turnpike, Shrewsbury
Flynn's Truck Stop, 307 Hartford Turnpike, Shrewsbury
Maple Avenue Shell Station, 29 Maple Avenue, Shrewsbury
Papa's Hardware, 276 Boston Turnpike, Shrewsbury
Price Chopper, 731 Boston Turnpike, Shrewsbury - AT THE COURTESY COUNTER
Rite Aid, 557 Main Street, Shrewsbury
Rocky's Ace Hardware, 261 West Main Street, Northboro
Shaw's Supermarket, 50 Boston Turnpike, Shrewsbury - AT THE COURTESY COUNTER
Shrewsbury Shell Station, 271 Boston Turnpike, Shrewsbury
Sunoco, 524 Boston Turnpike, Shrewsbury
Stop & Shop, 539 Boston Turnpike, Shrewsbury - AT THE COURTESY COUNTER
Walgreen's, 225 Boston Turnpike, Shrewsbury
Books and other items in good condition and that are clean and mold-free: including children's books, CD's, and DVDs, large print books, commercially recorded items: music on CDs,
We cannot accept items which are unhealthy to handle, dirty, moldy, smelly, burnt, chewed, damp or missing covers. We also cannot accept textbooks, encyclopedias and magazines.
Donated items may be added to the library's collection, given them to the Friends of the Shrewsbury Public Library for their book sale, or disposed of them through book recycling programs.
As the receiving institution, the Library cannot assign a value to the books you donate. Donors must determine the value of donated items.
The library has limited space for accepting and storing donations, so there are times when we must limit the number of donations, or turn away donations entirely. It is always best to call in advance if you wish to donate books, especially if donating more than three bags or boxes. The Circulation Services Desk can be reached at 508-842-0081 X3 can assist you.


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2268 E Clear Lake Road, Buchanan 49107
See more homes for sale in Buchanan, MI
This property has been Sold!
06/23/2016 at $169,900
This is a beautiful setting for this custom home built by Morrison Builders''. Much care has been given to each detail in this 3 bedroom 2 full bath home with a walk-out basement to wooded back yard overlooking a small pond. From the time you enter the mud room the attention to detail is evident. Large open rooms with a flowing floor plan perfect for entertaining. The kitchen is galley style with a long center island including extra storage and seating, can lights, all appliances are included and pantry storage. The two dining areas overlook the wooded back yard but are open to the kitchen and family room. Master suite with a 12x8 walk-in closet full bath including a water closet layout. Two additional bedrooms on the main level, additional full bath and huge family room with large More...
Property Information
- Status
- Sold
- Address
- 2268 E Clear Lake Road
- City
- Buchanan
- Zip
- 49107
- County
- Berrien
- Township
- Buchanan Twp
- Total Finished SqFt
- 1,586
- Above Grade SqFt
- 1,586
- Water
- Well
- Sewer
- Septic System
- Year Built
- 2010
- Taxes
- $1,633
Rooms and Land
- MasterBedroom
- 13X13 1st Floor
- Bedroom2
- 10X13 1st Floor
- Bedroom3
- 10X13 1st Floor
- Bath
- 12X13 1st Floor
- Dining
- 8X14 1st Floor
- Family
- 13X19 1st Floor
- FormalDining
- 9X13 1st Floor
- Kitchen
- 14X14 1st Floor
- Other
- 6X8 1st Floor
- Basement
- Full Basement, Walk Out
- Heating
- Forced Air, Propane
- Acreage
- 1.22
- Lot Dimensions
- 200x266
- Appliances
- Dishwasher, Range
- Features
- LP Tank Rented, Water Softener/Owned, Wood Floor
- Exterior Materials
- Vinyl
- Exterior Features
- Deck(s)
Listing Video for 2268 E Clear Lake Road, Buchanan MI 49107
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Listing Courtesy of Green Towne Coastal Realty
Office Address 2624 Niles Ave
Listing Agent Michael Green
Listings last updated: . Some properties that appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have been sold and may no longer be available.
Our Michigan real estate agents can answer all of your questions about 2268 E Clear Lake Road, Buchanan MI 49107. Real Estate One, Max Broock Realtors, and J&J Realtors are part of the Real Estate One Family of Companies and dominate the Buchanan, Michigan real estate market. To sell or buy a home in Buchanan, Michigan, contact our real estate agents as we know the Buchanan, Michigan real estate market better than anyone with over 100 years of experience in Buchanan, Michigan real estate for sale.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site appears in part from the IDX programs of our Multiple Listing Services. Real Estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Real Estate One includes the name and address of the listing broker where available.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
All information deemed materially reliable but not guaranteed. Interested parties are encouraged to verify all information. Copyright© 2017 MichRIC LLC, All rights reserved.


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Concerned Faculty, Staff Cite Hostility Towards Catholic Values at Marquette
January 29, 2016 | By Kimberly Scharfenberger | CardinalNewmanSociety.org/CatholicEducationDaily/DetailsPage/tabid/102/ArticleID/4654/Concerned-Faculty-Staff-Cite-Hostility-Towards-Catholic-Values-at-Marquette.aspx
A group of concerned faculty and staff members at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wis., recently gathered to discuss the University's dwindling Catholic identity and the increased occurrences of Catholic teaching being discouraged, and even silenced, in University settings.
Participants of the group, Concerned Catholics at MU, wished to remain anonymous, but their meeting minutes were provided to The Cardinal Newman Society, and indicated that approximately 20 staff and faculty members were in attendance.
Last year, Marquette announced that it would conduct a "climate study" to determine the positivity and inclusivity of the University's atmosphere. The study's final report cited several concerns about ongoing hostility towards Catholic values: "Many respondents cited their Catholic or conservative values being marginalized, saying 'Conservative Catholic views on the expression of human sexuality are not respected — not even room for dialogue' and that 'There is an ongoing sense of disrespect, anger, and assumptions related to the Catholic identity of our university.'"
In response, the administration encouraged the Marquette community to gather in like-minded groups in order to discuss their concerns and propose "action items" for the administration to "pursue in order to improve the climate on campus," according to a post by John Hardon on the Marquette Warrior, a blog which frequently covers Catholic identity concerns at the University. Concerned Catholics at MU "was one of the largest among these special-constituency climate study forums."
"The most urgent issue concerned academic freedom and how the articulation of Catholic teaching, inside and outside of the classroom, particularly on issues of sexuality, is increasingly met with disapproval and even hostility," Hardon wrote.
The meeting reportedly focused a great deal of time on crippling Title IX restrictions and the negative impact they had on teachers and students.
According to the Warrior, one faculty member stated, "I have been intimidated by an explicit campus climate and Title IX training that seems to forbid me, on pain of discipline up to and including termination, from so much as presenting the teaching of the Catholic Church and the historic Orthodox Catholic tradition."
"How can a theology professor not talk about the Church's teaching on human sexuality?" a participant asked during the forum, according to the meeting minutes. "But, under Title IX, any student who claims to take offense at what is heard in the classroom can anonymously report the professor and cause him or her a world of problems. This is hugely intimidating."
The Cardinal Newman Society spoke to Dr. John McAdams, professor of political science at Marquette, on the issues raised by Concerned Catholics at MU. He noted that such a system of investigation "has a chilling effect" on Catholics at Marquette.
"If anything you say in class could have you dragged before someone from Human Resources or a department chair or dean with a demand that you explain what you said," less faculty and staff will feel comfortable expressing even Catholic values and beliefs, McAdams warned.
Last year, Marquette revoked McAdams' tenure and began the process of terminating him after one of his blog posts criticized a University instructor who labeled a student's views on traditional marriage as "homophobic." McAdams had blogged frequently about Catholic identity issues at Marquette since 2005, but his post on this particular subject garnered national attention, and the administration subsequently banned him from campus. Several of McAdams' colleagues stepped up to protest the administration's unfair treatment of McAdams, but thus far, there have been no further developments in his case.
According to the minutes, the group also "discussed the lack of outward signs of Catholic identity on campus and in Marquette's marketing. It was noted that ambiguous terms like 'social justice' and 'Ignatian spirituality' are increasingly used in place of 'Catholic' to describe Marquette's brand of education." Some attendees reportedly expressed concern that "more and more donors and potential donors are challenging fundraisers as to what distinguishes Marquette from secular, less expensive colleges and universities."
Other attendees wondered whether the University should be encouraged to remove "Catholic" from its name. "Misrepresenting the faith to an uncatechized world does untold damage to souls, hearts and minds," the minutes read. "Better not to claim to be Catholic than to overtly misrepresent it."
Of the proposed action items during the meeting, 11 attendees voted "Commitment to academic freedom for Catholic scholars, staff and students" as most important. Eight attendees voted "Hiring for mission — proactive from the top through to departments" as most important.
Other proposals considered include "serious promotion and implementation of Ex corde Ecclesiae," "increase physical manifestations/visibility of Catholic faith around campus," encouragement of Catholic student organizations, and administrative protection of Catholic faculty, staff and students.
"Marquette should quit making symbolic concessions to groups such as the transgender lobby, because these undermine Catholic doctrine," said McAdams.
Mary Jarvis of the Louis Joliet Society, a group of concerned alumni, parents and Marquette associates seeking Catholic renewal at the University, noted that this initial forum "is very encouraging, and we pray that this group's expressed concerns do not fall on deaf ears."
"The revelations about Title IX's chilling effect on teachers and students are jaw-dropping; something those of faith and of no faith, liberal and conservative can all agree is poisonous to a university that identifies itself as Catholic," Jarvis continued. "The Marquette administration should consider the group's recommendations seriously."


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PORTER Tanker Wallet Black
Regular price $ 75 now
Inspired by the flight jacket MA-1 of the U.S. Air Force, this Tanker Wallet equips card holders, paper money pockets and a zipper pocket for your change. The design is suitable for any occasion, all people in any age range.
Made in Japan.
Made in Japan.


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Voyeur : October 2009
TONGUE TWISTER Randy Mon, a US food stylist whose clients include food giants such as Kellogg's and Cadbur y, has a joke he likes to tell. "How many art directors does it take to screw in a light bulb? Answer: does it have to be a light bulb?" While there may be no immediate danger of splitting your sides, you might at least get it when you consider how cornflakes come to look as they do on the box . "I make a smoothed-out bed of white vegetable shortening (a vegetarian alternative to lard), w hich allows me to place each flake and angle it how I want." says Mon. "I go through boxes and boxes to find the best flakes. It can take half a day to compose. When it's ready to shoot, I 'll use an eye-dropper and add creamy hair tonic for the 'milk' so it doesn't make the flakes soggy." A nd just wait till dinner. "Meat shrinks and the skin w rinkles during cooking, so when you're on a shoot, your commercial chicken is essentially raw on the inside. It's only put in the oven long enough for the caramel colouring we add to adhere," s ays Mon. If you think there's foul play going on, you'd be wrong. It's completely legal – after all, the flakes are no fakes, and the chook's no turkey. And while advertising standards force stylists both in Australia and in the US to w ork their magic with often fragile foodstuffs, liberties are taken, says Mon. " T he real elements of a product are invariably broken down and reconstructed." Browning meat with a blowtorch, syringing dew drops onto tomatoes – Mon even uses Vaseline to meticulously attach sesame seeds to burger buns. Layers – in sandwiches and lasagnes – are held aloft with cardboard inser ts and pudding fruits are pinned in place with bobby pins. These are all old tricks of the trade. But there's always some room for new creative thinking. HARD TO SWALLOW " W hen I need a sauce like creamy salad dressing to cascade from a level spoon, for instance, I mould moistened cotton wool (just the stuff you rip off a roll) into the shape I want and coat it with the product," says Mon. "If the product has the right body it won't even drip." "I did an ad for rice once," says Stevens. " To get the right shot we needed to keep the rice steaming for ages. We ended up soaking tampons in water, microwaving them and sticking them into the rice. A friend came over, licking her lips. ' I wouldn't eat that if I were you,' I said." It's the creativity of food stylists that is responsible for raising our expectations. But at the end of the day, we don't expect to look like Elle Macpherson when we buy her Intimates, and food isn't so different. No one wants to buy undies modelled by the average body any more than they want to eat pizza pictured with lopsided pepperoni. "I still fall for packaging on stuff like frozen pizza," s ays Mon. "I fall for it every time. But how else can I choose?" Layers – in sandwiches and lasagnes – are held aloft with cardboard inserts and pudding fruits are pinned in place with bobby pins. What 's c ooking , g ood looking? 082 VIRGINBLUE FOOD STYLING GOOD_TASTE_ TROMP L'OIL Food-styling tricks that you can try at home: • Keep some pre -scooped ice- cream in ser ving bowls in the freezer for a lovely frosted look and a slower melting time. • Before ser ving crisp crudités and fresh fruits, spray them with iced water to give them a dewy complexion. • Guarantee your roasting meat looks browned by brushing on some caramel food colouring before popping it in the oven. • Use piping-hot metal skewers to criss-c ross meat and fish, either before or after you cook it, to create a chargrilled look. • Magnify the colour and brilliance of a dish by ser v ing it on a mirror or a shiny surface. V1009_081_082_GOOD_TASTE.indd 082 V1009_081_082_GOOD_TASTE.indd 082 9/09/2009 10:27:38 AM 9/09/2009 10:27:38 AM
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An interiors, vintage style and crafts blog, Patchwork Harmony features inspiring ideas for your home from vintage and thrifty finds to independent designers and makers. We share DIY tutorials, handmade ideas as well as shopping tips for vintage lovers and interior styling advice for your home. Part of the Patchwork Harmony brand which includes online digital publication 91 Magazine, as well as freelance writing, picture research, design and creative small business advice.
Thursday, October 7, 2010
Cupcakes & Dancing
3 comments:
Happy Birthday!Looks like you were thoroughly spoiled, those pressies are fab. I am particularly jealous of the throw,it looks super-snuggly. Glad you had a great day.ReplyDelete
Happy Birthday! So many lovely things.ReplyDelete
Happy belated birthday! Cupcakes and ballet are fab but that blanket... swoon! I am very jealous! (I may have mentioned my blanket obsession before?!)ReplyDelete