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1 New Jersey School Boards Association Headquarters: 413 West State Street, Post Office Box 909, Trenton, New Jersey Telephone: Toll Free: Fax: Web site: BOARD GOVERNANCE - LEGAL ISSUES 2014 NJSBA Legal Department I. Meetings: Frequency, calling and canceling A. N.J.S.A. 18A:10-6. Board must meet at least once every two months during the period in which schools are in session. Meeting must start not later than 8 p.m. but if no quorum, may recess until 9 p.m. If no quorum, may adjourn to day not more than seven days following original date. Public announcements must be in accordance with the Open Public Meetings Act (Sunshine Law). Public notice must include the date, time, location, and purpose(s) of the special meeting. B. The board secretary gives notice of all regular or special meetings to the board members. N.J.S.A. 18A:17-7 C. Board secretary has duty to call a special meeting whenever: requested by the president of the board; requested by the chief school administrator when the district board of education fails to meet within two months during the period in which the schools in the district are in session; or whenever the board secretary is presented with a petition signed by a majority of the full membership of the board requesting the special meeting. N.J.A.C. 6A: Nothing contained in this document should be construed as legal advice. This document is for informational purposes only. Please consult your board attorney for legal advice.
2 2 D. Law does not address how to cancel a meeting. Presumably, board president has ability to cancel the meeting, or by petition signed by majority of board. Notice requirements of Sunshine Law should be followed; however, if not possible because of emergency such as snow, best efforts should be made to provide notice, and notice of cancellation should be placed on door. E. Open Public Meetings Act and Technology Can the board meet through the use of a telephone conference call or other technology? See, Open Public Meetings Act and Technology (7-01) F. Boards of education, like municipal governing bodies, are required to set aside a portion of every meeting of the board for public comment on any governmental or school district issue that a member of the public feels may be of concern to the residents of the school district. The board may determine the length of the portion. N.J.S.A. 10:4-12. II. Organization: N.J.S.A. 18A:10-3, 4, 5 A. For districts with April elections, organization must be held at regular meeting not later than 8 p.m. on any day of the first or second week following the annual school election. B. In districts with appointed boards, organization takes place on May 16 or on the following day if that day is Sunday. A. For districts with November elections, organization must be held not later than 8 P.M. on any day of the first week in January. The Department of Education has interpreted that to require organization take place between January 1 and January 7. B. If no quorum, must take place within three days thereafter. Constitutes regular meeting for transaction of business C. If the organization meeting cannot take place during this period due to the lack of a quorum or for any other reason, the organization meeting shall be held within three days thereafter. New members shall take office at organization meeting; prior to taking office board member shall be sworn in. In the case of a Type I school district the oath shall be filed with the clerk of the municipality and in all other cases it shall be filed with the secretary of the board of education of the district. N.J.S.A. 18A: N.J.S.A. 41:2-1 Oath may be taken by state and municipal judges, mayors, surrogates, county clerks, municipal clerks and clerks of board of chosen freeholders, sheriffs, members of boards of chosen freeholders, clerks of all
3 3 courts, notaries public, commissioners of deeds, members of the State Legislature, attorneys of New Jersey and certified court reporters. N.J.S.A. 18A:17-11 The board secretary may administer oaths in relation to the school matters of the district in which he is employed. May be taken out of state by notary of state where taken. N.J.S.A. 41:2-17. Recital of notary s designation should be included in certificate of oath with official designation/seal next to signature, is proof. Ethics opinion: No violation for being sworn in by attorney who is a friend. Lester, C17-97, 3/30/97. D. E. Election of vice president, president takes place at organization meeting- N.J.S.A. 18A:15-1. Shall serve for one year and until their respective successors are elected and shall qualify. If board fails to elect officer at organization, county superintendent appoints. See, also N.J.S.A. 18A:13-12 (regional school districts who shall serve until the organization meeting next succeeding the election of their respective successors as members of the board ) Martello v. Willingboro Bd. of Ed., 1975 S.L.D. 1025! Where there are more than two candidates, a plurality of votes suffices.! When board fails to elect officer at organization meeting, it loses its authority to elect at a later meeting. Duties of board president: signs warrants in payment, along with board secretary N.J.S.A. 18A:19-4, N.J.S.A. 18A:49-5; certifies payroll N.J.S.A. 18A:19-9. Other duties as set forth in bylaws, policy, Roberts Rules (e.g., may help develop agenda, spokesperson for board, makes sure meetings run efficiently.) F. Removal of vice president, president. N.J.S.A. 18A:15-2 May be removed by majority of board if refuses to perform duty imposed by law. If office or president or vice president becomes vacant, board must fill vacancy within 30 days; if not, county superintendent shall fill for unexpired term. The board may appoint a temporary officer to act during the absence, disability or disqualification of the officer.
4 4 Succession to office Board policy, Roberts Rules If no policy, vice president succeeds to office. N.J.S.A. 18A: G. What can a lame duck board vote on? Nowak v. Manville Bd. of Ed., 1976 S.L.D. 43. Only routine administrative matters (confirmation of purchase orders, filling of known teaching vacancy, approval of use of facilities). Cannot bind future board in matters such as awarding stipends or salary increments for the succeeding school year, fixing salaries of principals, superintendents, board secretary for succeeding school year, making appointments to positions in which no known vacancies exist. (Note: Case involved short lame duck period that existed in April election; query how this ruling may apply during long lame-duck period when school elections take place in November with swearing in not until January.) H. Committee members: appointment; removal. Not expressly addressed by 18A. Board should follow own bylaws. Bylaws may require board president to appoint. Roberts Rules says that unless the bylaws require committee member to serve until successor is chosen or for a fixed period, then committee members may be removed by board president if president appoints the committees. If committees are formed by vote of the body, the body may remove as motion to rescind or amend. Providing due process (notice and informal hearing), may insulate decision to remove from challenge. G. FAQ on Board Organization III. Removal of board members by the board. A. Removal of board members by the board for missing three consecutive meetings. N.J.S.A. 18A:12-3 states that a board member who fails to attend three consecutive meetings of the board without good cause may be removed by it.! Includes all meetings (special, regular, emergency) Berg v. Blackhorse Pike Regional School District, 1981 S.L.D. (March 3). B. Board member must be given opportunity to present evidence to the board as to whether the board member had good cause for missing the meeting. Shamong Bd. of Ed. v. Chwastek, 1985 S.L.D. ( July 8).
5 5! Board of education makes determination of good cause. Board member may appeal that decision to the Commissioner of Education. Won t be overturned unless arbitrary and unreasonable.! Commissioner has noted that the law is not clear regarding whether a board member who has been removed by the board must justify a good cause for all of the meetings missed, or only for one that would break the chain of consecutive meetings. Smith v. Hazlet, 1999 S.L.D. (March 8), withdrawn 1999 S.L.D. (August 18). C. Decisions 1. Cohen v. Durr, 2001 S.L.D. (June 22), decision on remand from 2000 S.L.D. (Dec. 28). Board member undergoing divorce found to be bona fide resident and qualified as board member under N.J.S.A. 18A:12-2 even though he does not always stay overnight at the marital home. No evidence of intent to change residence. 2. Settle v. Pennsville Bd. of Ed. and Pennsville Education Association, 2001 S.L.D. (April 26). Commissioner is without jurisdiction to determine whether the board could consider a grievance filed by the association seeking the removal or discipline of a board member for her involvement in a dispute over a student s grade because Commissioner has no authority to interpret collective bargaining agreements. Moreover, Commissioner has no jurisdiction to address alleged Open Public Meetings Act violations since alleged violations not ancillary to a school law issue. 3. Bd. of Ed. of the Borough of Berlin v. Lee, 2002 S.L.D. (June 14) Board member who filed Notice of Tort claim against the school district disqualified from board membership. Board filed Declaratory Judgment action. D. See NJSBA policy, File Code 9114 Supports amending law to allow boards to remove board members for failure to attend 2/3 of the meetings annually, without good cause. IV. Resignation of Board members A. What is required for a board member to effectively resign? A board member cannot be compelled to serve. Therefor, if a resignation is clearly communicated to and received by a board, it is effective, even without a formal vote by the board and even if the board s ordinary practice is to vote on resignations. Silberstein v. Lakewood Bd. of Ed., 1990 S.L.D. 491.
6 6 B. Can a board member rescind his resignation? Yes, but only before the resignation becomes effective. Once it is clearly communicated and received by a board, a vacancy has been created. The board may fill the vacancy as provided for in statute. (see Section V) V. Filling board vacancies N.J.S.A. 18A:12-15 A. How are they filled? In most cases, a vacancy is filled by a majority vote of the remaining members of the board after the vacancy occurs. The board has 65 days to fill the vacancy; if it does not meet deadline, county superintendent will fill vacancy. Exceptions: 1. Filled by county superintendent if caused by absence of candidates or by removal of member for lack of qualifications. 2. Filled by county superintendent if quorum is lacking because of vacancies 3. Filled by special election if tie in annual election - within 60 days of school election - restricted to those candidates. If tied again, filled by county superintendent. 4. Filled by special election if failure to elect at school election due to improper election procedures - within 60 days of school election, restricted to same candidates. If tied again, filled by county superintendent 5. Filled by Commissioner if failure to elect due to improper campaign practices. B. How long does a board member serve, who is appointed to fill a vacancy? It depends on when the vacancy occurs: On board with April elections: If vacancy occurred within the 60 days immediately preceding election, to fill a term extending beyond such election, the appointee serves until organization meeting following the second annual election. The remainder of the term is filled at the second annual election.
7 7 If vacancy occurred prior to the 60 days immediately preceding election, serves only until organizational meeting following next election. Remainder of term if any, is filled at that next election. On board with November elections: If vacancy occurred after third Monday in July, to fill a term extending beyond the next election, the member so appointed shall serve until the organizational meeting following the second annual election. The remainder of the term is filled at the second annual election. If the vacancy occurred prior to the third Monday in July, serves only until the organizational meeting following the next election. Remainder of term, if any, is filled at that next election. C. What procedures must a board follow in filling the vacancy? Procedures are established by board policy. Policy issues to be considered include advertisement, solicitation of resumes, interviews, deliberations, OPMA issues. VI. Board voting A. All actions require a majority vote of the quorum, unless a particular statute requires a greater number of votes. See, Voting Requirements for Board Members (10-09) Some examples: Majority of the quorum: Examples: Vote to ratify a collective bargaining agreement, adopt policy, approve bills. Majority of the full membership of the board: Vote to appoint teachers and administrators, to adopt the budget, and to withhold the increments of a teaching staff member. B. Board may not require supermajority vote unless statute specifically provides; thwarts will of majority to require a greater vote than required by statute. Matawan Teachers Ass n v. Bd. of Ed., 223 N.J. Super. 504 (App. Div. 1988) However, there have been rulings in which a supermajority vote has been required even without explicit statutory authority in matters involving Superintendent personnel issues. See, Negron v. Board of Education of South Plainfield, No. A T1, 2012 N.J. Super. Unpub. LEXIS 2634, (App. Div. December 3, 2012)(extension of contract); Caffrey v. Perth Amboy, Commissioner, May 8, 2012 ( administrative leave)
8 8 C. In sending- receiving districts, the sending representative may vote only on certain matters. (see, Section VII below.) The number of board votes required to pass a motion will be based on the number of members eligible to vote on a particular matter, which may or may not include the sending representative (s). VII. Sending Representation on Receiving Board A. N.J.S.A. 18A: B. Special legislation N.J.S.A. 18A: (Ocean City/Upper Township) C. English v. Boonton Bd. of Ed., 301 F.3d 69 (3 rd Cir. 2002). United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit rules that the statutory representational voting scheme was not unconstitutional as applied to the sending-receiving relationship between the Lincoln Park and Boonton boards. Under the statutory scheme, Lincoln Park was entitled to one representative on the Boonton Board, although it provided 52% of the high school's combined student population and 56 % of the combined resident population of the two towns during the school year. The Court held that New Jersey has legitimate reasons (e.g., possible severance of the relationship; lesser vested interest in the long-term affairs of the Boonton school district; agenda items affect schools not attended by Lincoln Park s students) for limiting the representation of Lincoln Park in the Boonton Board's decisions This case reverses a federal district court s earlier determination that the statute, as applied to the Lincoln s representation on the Boonton Board, violates the constitutional principle of "one person, one vote." See, English v. Boonton Bd. of Ed., 135 F.Supp.2d 588 (D.N.J. 2001). See also, English v. Boonton Bd. of Ed., 161 F. Supp. 2d 344 (D.N.J. 2001) wherein the federal district court established a two-tiered voting structure, under which the sending district would have 4 representatives, each with 2.5 votes; on high school issues the sending district would have the majority of votes under a weighted voting scheme. Remedy to remain in effect until New Jersey Legislature amends the statute. Stay granted Court of Appeals 9/24/01. D. Branchburg Bd. of Ed. v. Board of Education of Somerville, No (AET) (Consol.) (D.N.J. September 7, 2000) New Jersey s formula for sending districts voting representation on receiving district boards of education is unconstitutional as applied to the sending-receiving relationship between the Somerville and Branchburg Township boards. Court asks that within 60 days Commissioner recommend a constitutionally permissible manner for resolving the problem, until Legislature formulates a legislative solution.
9 9 See, also, Branchburg Bd. of Ed. v. Bd. of Ed. of Somerville, et al., Nos (AET) and (AET) (Consol.) (D.N.J. May 22, 2001).The Commissioner failed to recommend a constitutionally permissible manner for resolving the voting representation problem nor could the parties reach a standstill agreement. Court ordered remedial plan be implemented whereby Branchburg would appoint six (6) members to the Somerville Board, each with one vote, giving Branchburg control of 40% of the votes on matters affecting their high school students while enabling Somerville to maintain a majority vote. Somerville's motion to stay the remedial plan was denied because Somerville maintains majority vote and may continue to operate the district. No irreparable harm demonstrated. Appealed to Third Circuit Court of Appeals. The parties were asked to submit briefs on the question of whether the Third Circuit s ruling in English v. Boonton (above) should be followed. Branchburg Bd. of Ed. v. Bd. of Ed. of Somerville, et al., 312 F.3d 614 (2002). Third Circuit Court of Appeals rules that English does apply regardless of whether or not district can withdraw from sending-receiving relationship. Court determines that the interim relief that was granted was improper as the sendreceive statute was a rationally-based constitutional statute. VIII. Voting in sending-receiving districts A. Sending district s representative is permitted to vote on the following items listed in N.J.S.A. 18A: Tuition charged to sending district, and bill lists or contracts for purchase, operation or maintenance of facilities, equipment and instructional materials to be used in the education of the pupils of the sending district. 2. New capital construction to be used by sending district pupils. 3. Appointment, transfer, or removal of teaching staff members providing services to pupils of the sending district, including teaching staff members who are members of the receiving district s central administrative staff. 4. Addition or deletion of curricular and extracurricular programs involving pupils of the sending district. 5. Voting is limited to the statutory items. The Appellate Division has disapproved of the Commissioner of Education s earlier position that a sending representative may also vote on procedural matters, such as election of board officers and those related to the orderly conduct of Board operations. See, Evans v. Atlantic City, 404 N.J. Super. 87 (December 10, 2008) 960 A.2d 768 (App. Div. 2008). Sending district
10 10 representatives are ineligible to vote on appointment of receiving district's solicitor, because it is not expressly authorized by statute, N.J.S.A. 18A: The Legislature intended to limit the eligibility of sending district s representative to vote to those matters expressly stated in statute. (See particularly Footnote 1) B. Although the sending district s representative may not vote on issues other than those listed above, the representative may: 1. Participate in discussions of all issues, even those on which he/she has no vote (however, it is improbable that the appointee will find need to participate in discussions of issues on which he has no vote). 2. Receive copies of information distributed to other board members. C. The sending district s representative may not disclose confidential information to the other members of the sending board. 1. He/she may communicate confidential items freely with the sending district s superintendent, who is required to maintain strict confidentiality. 2. The representative may communicate non-confidential information to the other members of the sending board at a board meeting. Lincoln Park Bd. of Ed., v. Boonton Bd. of Ed., 1997 S.L.D. (May 30); Little Ferry Bd. of Ed. v. Ridgefield Park Bd. of Ed., 1997 S.L.D. (July 24); Green Twp. Bd. of Ed. v. Newton Bd. of Ed., 1997 S.L.D. (August 5). IX. Appointments A. General rule: A board may not vote to appoint for a position that will not be vacant during that board s lifetime. Barckett v. Garfield Bd. of Ed., 1990 S.L.D. (August 30) An appointment in anticipation of a vacancy is proper only where the board making the appointment is still in office when the vacancy occurs; otherwise, the present board has no right to interfere with the rights of a successor board to make that decision. B. When can your board appoint a new superintendent? 1. Gonzalez v. Elizabeth Bd. of Ed., 325 N.J. Super. 244 (App. Div. 1999) A school board may not appoint a new superintendent whose term begins only after a successor board is sworn in. Example: If superintendent has a 3-year contract that expires July 1, 2014, notice of non-renewal must be given according to N.J.S.A. 18A: (i.e., given prior
11 11 to the contract s expiration by 30 days for each year in the term of the current contract ). But only the board as constituted at January 2015 organization meeting (for the November 2014 election) or the April 2015 organization meeting (for the April 2015 election) election may fill the vacancy. Appointment is made through a recorded roll call majority vote of the full membership of the board. N.J.S.A. 18A: C. Other Superintendent Appointment issues 1. Dunn v. Elizabeth Bd. of Ed., 96 N.J.A.R.2d (EDU) 279, aff d St. Bd. 96 N.J.A.R.2d (EDU) 285. Superintendent may under N.J.S.A. 18A:27-9 be relieved of his duties for remainder of contract but may not be reassigned. Board may employ acting superintendent for remainder of contract period, but new appointment may not be made until after contract expires. 2. West Village Civic Club, Inc. v. Manchester Twp Bd. of Ed, State Board, 1996 S.L.D. (June 7), Graham v. Kearny, 95 N.J.A.R.2d (EDU) 510.! Parties may agree to extend an existing contract but the contract may not run more than a total of five years from its start.! Parties may agree to rescind superintendent s contract prior to its expiration, and enter into new contract of 3-5 years; board must provide clear public notice of its intentions to rescind the old contract. 3. The Executive County Superintendent must review employment contracts for superintendents, assistant superintendents and school business administrators, prior to the board s approval and execution of the contract. N.J.A.C. 6A:23A-3.1. Also, public notice and a public hearing are required pursuant to N.J.S.A. 18A:11-11 when the board renegotiates, extends, amends, or otherwise alters the terms of an existing contract with a superintendent of schools, deputy superintendent, assistant superintendent, or school business administrator. Notice and public hearing are not required for new contracts (as opposed to alterations of existing contracts). Accordingly, new contracts that replace expired contracts for existing employees do not require notice and public hearing. Note that where a superintendent is relieved of his duties pursuant to a buy-out, the pay may not exceed 3 months pay for every year remaining on the contract, according to the limitations contained in N.J.S.A. 18A: a and N.J.A.C. 6A:23A Ricing the CSA: Persi v. Woska (Dec. 11, 2013) Appellate court remands issue of whether a board member exceeded the scope of his authority by unilaterally directing the issuance of the Rice notice to the Chief School
12 12 Administrator. Earlier ethics ruling did not clearly delineate the respective authority of a board member, board president, and full board in determining how and when a school superintendent's employment is reviewed. C. Decisions 1. Howard v. East Orange Bd. of Ed., 2001 S.L.D. (June 5), aff d St. Bd S.L.D. (Nov. 7), emergent relief denied, 2002 S.L.D. (Feb. 6), aff d No. A T1 and A T1 (App. Div. Oct. 11, 2002) Failure to renew superintendent s contract before July 1 or give notice of non-renewal pursuant to N.J.S.A. 18A: , triggered new contract with same provisions as expired contract including 5% salary increases. 2. Kohn v. Vineland Bd. of Ed., 2001 S.L.D. (Sept. 14), aff d in part and rev d in part, St. Bd (Nov. 6) Board of Education acted illegally in buying out superintendent s fiveyear contract for 33.3% of salary, and placing him in another position with a lesser salary, notwithstanding contract clause so authorizing. Board ordered to pay full value of contract less monies superintendent earned from new job he received in another district during same period. X. Does the board have the authority to decide whether to renew employees? A. N.J.S.A. 18A:27-4.1; Velasquez v. Brielle Bd. of Ed., St. Bd S.L.D. (Aug. 8) N.J.A.C. 6A: Board of education can only renew an employment contract if the CSA so recommends, and then by recorded roll call majority vote of full board. 2. However, even if the CSA does not recommend renewal, and the employee is notified by the CSA of nonrenewal, the board is not foreclosed from renewing the contract of such an employee. The board may renew the employment if the employee requests a written statement of reasons and an informal appearance before the board, during which the employee convinces the board to offer reemployment. 5. On the other hand, even if the CSA recommends reemployment to begin with, the board need not renew, as long as its decision is not arbitrary and unreasonable ( capricious ). See, Mc Ewan v. Bloomingdale Bd. of Ed., 2002 S.L.D. (March 13) (board did not act arbitrarily in denying renewal of contract notwithstanding a recommendation from the superintendent) Nonrenewal & RIF FAQ 2013 (5-13)
13 13 4. These provisions requiring the superintendent s recommendation apply to renewal of employees except for treasurer of school money, election officer, board auditor, board attorney, and board secretary who does not perform SBA functions. XI. Access to Personnel Records A. Public Access: The public has limited access to personnel records. 1. Open Public Records Act, N.J.S.A. 47:1A-1 et seq., P.L. 2001, c Go to for more information. 2. Executive Orders 21 (social security numbers) (McGreevey) and 26 (McGreevey) (resumes; addresses and phone numbers forwarded to Privacy Study Commission) B. Board Member Access: 1. Horner v. Kingsway Regional, 1990 S.L.D. 752.! Applicants: Board members may access official files of all applicants for employment.! Employees: Board members may access personnel files of those employees recommended to the board for specific employment action to the extent that such files are relevant to the specific action to be taken or deemed pertinent by the CSA in response to the Board s directive to provide information essential for performance of a specific, officially assigned Board duty. 2. Beatty v. Chester Bd. of Ed., 1999 S.L.D. (August 31). Board may not limit access only to those candidates considered by personnel committee. May place reasonable restrictions on times and places for review of material. 3. Ciambrone v. Bloomingdale Bd. of Ed., 2000 S.L.D. (May 7) Access to personnel materials: Board must ensure that individual board members access to personnel information is confined to that necessary for the performance of essential board member duties; however, Commissioner has no jurisdiction over teacher s invasion of privacy claim for sanctions against individual board member who accessed her personnel records.
14 14 XII. Indemnification (reimbursement of legal fees and costs) N.J.S.A. 18A:12-20 Whenever a civil, administrative, criminal or quasi-criminal action or other legal proceeding has been brought against a board member for an act arising out of and in the course of the performance of his duties as a member of a board of education the board of education shall defray all costs of defending such action, including reasonable counsel fees and expenses, together with costs of appeal, if any, and shall save harmless and protect such person from any financial loss resulting therefrom. In criminal or quasi-criminal matters, the board of education shall defray the costs if the final disposition of the action is favorable to the board member. P.L. 2001, Chapter 178, Effective 7/26/01! Castriotta v. Roxbury Twp. Bd. of Education, 427 N.J. Super. 592 (App. Div. 2012) The Appellate Division, reversing the Commissioner s determination, ruled that a board member was entitled to be indemnified for her costs in fighting the board s action to censure her. The board member s challenge to the censure was a "legal proceeding" under the indemnification law, N.J.S.A. 18A:12-20, because the board acted in a quasi- judicial capacity, and the process was similar to a due process hearing.! Matthews, Commissioner 2010:April 15. Proceedings under the Code of Ethics for School Board Members are administrative proceedings which do not require favorable disposition for the charged party to be eligible for indemnification. However, the particular actions on which the allegations are based must be scrutinized consistent with prior case law as to time, place and subject matter in terms of the statutory standard of arising out of and in the course of the performance of his duties as a member of the board in order to determine the entitlement to indemnification. A complaint under the Code of Ethics for School Board Members poses unique difficulties, since these complaints frequently involve many diverse allegations rather than claims arising from a single act. Matter remanded to the OAL to determine eligibility for indemnification.! Florham Park Bd. of Ed., v. Utica Mutual Insurance Co., 172 N.J. 300 (2002). In criminal matter, board s liability to indemnify was not triggered until acquittal; only the insurer whose insurance policy was in effect at time of acquittal was liable.! Grant v. Green Brook Board of Education, 2001 S.L.D. (August 13), aff d State Board, 2001 S.L.D. (Dec. 5). Indemnification denied for board member who was sued for slander by private citizen, for making knowingly false statements about the citizen (saying that citizen was a racist, a nazi, and under investigation by the Department of Justice); board
15 15 member was not acting in his official capacity when he made the comments; was personal, political activity and the resultant civil suit was, similarly, personal unto him.! Quick v. Old Bridge Bd. of Ed., 308 N.J. Super. 338 (App. Div. 1998) Board member who in good faith defended lawsuit brought by board to exclude her from attending certain closed door meetings, was entitled to reimbursement for legal expenses. Was sued by reason of her board membership.! Errington v. Mansfield Bd. of Ed., 100 N.J. Super. 130 (App. Div. 1968) Board member was not entitled to reimbursement of legal fees for defending defamation lawsuit brought against him for publishing allegedly defamatory letter; letter was not an act arising out of duties of board member. See also,! River v. Elizabeth Bd. of Educ., 2013 N.J. Super. Unpub. LEXIS 116 (App. Div. Jan 18, 2013) certif denied, 213 N.J. 538 (May 13, 2013). Former board president and former acting superintendent ordered to reimburse/indemnify the District $63,622, where the board had improperly paid that amount from district funds to a law firm to file a defamation suit on behalf of the board and board officials. The trial court determined that the lawsuit primarily involved personal claims filed on behalf of defendants and the lawsuit had not been authorized by the board, which violated the Open Public Meetings Act and constituted a conflict of interest that required restitution. Appellate court affirms Law Division. Legal/Current Issues 2003/boardgovernanceoutline current issues revised 4/1/2-14
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text:
Nagpur, Dec 18: Former India cricketer Bishan Singh Bedi also felt MS Dhoni should be sacked as Test captain, following India's three series defeats questioning his role in the team.
Earlier former Indian cricketers Sunil Gavaskar, Atul Wassan, Krishnamachari Srikkanth had urged the selectors to sack Dhoni as Test captain, following his dismal show in the last two years.
Bedi has been the latest to comment on Dhoni's leadership skills, questioning his role in the team.
"Dhoni should feel lucky that he's still there. If Tiger Pataudi or Sunil Gavaskar had lost as many Tests, they wouldn't have lasted this long. He hasn't done enough to continue being the skipper. He should have been eased out after the World Cup win," Bedi told Headlines Today.
"He's is not a Test skipper. You need a skipper who's worthy of his place in the eleven. Tell me is his 99 of any use to the team," he asked.
Having played 22 Test matches in the last two years, Dhoni has led to seven wins, 10 losses and five draws, registering a winning percentage of 33.3%.
Moreover the team's record away from home suggests that Dhoni has managed only two wins off the 13 matches and witnessed 8 losses in the last couple of years.
The veteran of 67 Tests, Bishan Singh Bedi also urged selectors to name young Virat Kohli as the skipper for the longer version of the game.
"You can't say we can't bring anyone else. I would make Virat Kohli the captain. He's got a sharp cricketing brain. You got to trust the young blood. This is a young man's game. We've been carrying a lot of dead wood for a long time," Bedi said.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
For over seventy-five years, the Renner family has been privileged to serve families in Belleville, Freeburg, Smithton and surrounding communities. We consider our relationship with individual families to be a sacred trust. We strive to work with families, to accommodate their wishes and to provide dignified, meaningful funerals or memorial services at a reasonable, competitive price.
What separates Renner Funeral Home from everyone else? Quite simply, at Renner Funeral Home, families will be dealing with a member of the Renner family from the initial notification of death, to the removal from the place of death, through the arrangement conference, and throughout the services and disposition of your choice. Embalming and other preparation of the deceased are done at our facility by a Renner family member. Our name and reputation are at stake with every family we care for, so we make every effort to make sure everything is done to your complete satisfaction.
It is our goal to treat every family with the same dignity and respect that we would expect for our own family.


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A hot look at a great price, this Women's Side Cinch Top goes with almost any casual outfit. Wear it with jeans, shorts or dress pants for sensational sleeveless style. The drawstrings let you adjust the side cinch for the most flattering look. The scoop neckline adds to its fun, flirty appeal. Coral top available in X-Large (18/20). Polyester. Machine care. Imported.
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407 Beaver
407 Beaver Leetsdale, PA 15056
Leetsdale, PA 15056
- Township Leetsdale
- School Quaker Valley
- Property type: Residential
- Bedrooms 2
- Bathrooms 1 Full
- Status Active
- Estimated Taxes $2,796
Property Description
Redefining the term TURN KEY is this 2 bedroom darling! This brick home has maintained the charming attributes of 10 foot high ceilings and 8 inch baseboards, yet it has been modernized throughout with FRESH modern, two tone paint, BRAND NEW flooring, upgraded kitchen and bath, updated mechanics including high efficiency furnace, windows, electric, roof and MORE! Cross the charming front covered porch into the entertainment sized living room. This hub of the home is graced by brilliant laminate flooring with the look of wood, which also extends into the fully equipped kitchen. This workspace has been skillfully remodeled with BRAND NEW everything including handsome cabinetry, purposeful countertops, stainless steel sink and faucet, gas range and refrigerator. Privately situated upstairs are the two bedrooms for peaceful nights and daytime escapes. Both of these restful retreats are enhanced by the comforts of plush, wall to wall and neutral carpeting. The master bedroom is a notable 13'x13' in size, which gives you a lot more square footage of bedrooms you will find elsewhere. The full bathroom has also had its own revamping completed, so it is a refreshing spot to start and end your day. The lower level of the home features an open space for a ton of storage and a laundry room with hookups for a washer and dryer. A second covered porch is on the side of the home. It overlooks the lush greenery of the double wide, fenced yard. Extend your living to the outdoors in this yard and store your tools and toys in the storage shed out here too. Take a short stroll just one block and discover the incredible array of amenities within Henle Park. It is like being on a staycation with all of the fun activities you could possibly imagine including a Splashpad for those hot, summer days. Public transportation is also at the park. A deluxe HMS home warranty with premier Buyer's coverage eliminates any possible worries. Come check this one out in person. You will not be disappointed!
Additional Information
Living: Main Level (16x16)
Kitchen: Main Level (08x16)
Master: Upper Level (13x13)
Bedroom 2: Upper Level (09x16)
Forced Air
Sewer: Public
Water: Public
On-Street Parking
Spaces: 3
Gas Stove
Multi-Pane Windows
Approximate Lot Size
46x121x44x120 apprx Lot
0.1300 apprx Acres
Last updated: 07/14/2017 3:31:58 PM


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July 8, 2008
Southern Smoke!!!! DJ Smallz has been doing it for years and continues to be one of the leaders of the movement. That's proven by his latest mixtape release, the Independents Day mixtape which features more than 40 tracks of the hottest upcoming acts of the South. This tape dropped last week on the very appropriate July 4th. Listen to it and if you care to download it, follow the links and instructions via DatPiff listed below.
Download Mixtape | Provided by DatPiff.com


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Each month, Rated People connects over 50,000 homeowners with quality tradesmen - simply enter your job details in the form above to get started.
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.:from the floor
.:vacation impressions from the floor...
by .:teymur madjderey's icedsoul photography
About the Book
this is my first here and just a collection of a little project I did along our vacation... with an angle... enjoy :-)
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Portland Civic Theatre Guild Past Seasons
Click the red shaded links to see pictures from the performance of cast & crew.
October 7, 2014
The Gin Game
by D.L. Colburn
directed by Julie Accuardi
No description is currently available.
November 4th, 2014:
The Dance and the Railroad
by David Henry Hwang
directed by Dmae Roberts
A haunting and powerfully affecting work revolving around two Chinese artists and their fellow railroad workers, who stage a strike to protest the inhuman conditions suffered by the Chinese laborers in the American West of 1867.
December 2, 2014
Over the River and Through the Woods
by Joe DiPietro
directed by Jeffrey Stocker
A delightful comedy, perfect fare for the holiday season. Nick is a single, Italian-American guy from New Jersey. His parents retired and moved to Florida. That doesn't mean his family isn't still in Jersey! In fact, he sees both sets of his grandparents every Sunday for dinner.
January 27, 2015
by Nancy Moss
directed by Jane Ferguson
The million dollar question of whether the East or West Portland Railway line will be the link to the new Northern Pacific Railway, and the Exclusion Laws of the 1800s. Anne Winter, a young woman torn between her African American heritage and her position in society, attempts to uncover valuable secrets while holding close a secret of her own.
February 3, 2015
A Lovely Sunday For Creve Coeur
by Tennessee Williams
directed by Mary McDonald-Lewis
Vintage Williams! Southern ladies in 1935 St. Louis, desperate for marriage and status.
March 3, 2015
Sorry, Wrong Number
by Lucille Fletcher
Mystery at Twicknam Vicarage
by David Ives
directed by Sam Mowry
A mystery double-header, one a chiller and the other a farcical comedy. Directed by Sam A. Mowry, these two one-act plays in "old time" radio format featured Chris Porter, Sarah McCauley, Alyson Ayn Osborn, David Loftus and James Dineen.
April 7, 2015:
Time Stands Still
by Donald Margulies
directed by Sam Hull
A woman photo-journalist, wounded in Iraq, returns to life in New York. Can you be a dispassionate, uninvolved observer of horrific events, recording them for posterity, and then return to a normal life?
May 5th, 2015
Baby The Musical
by Sybille Pearson, based on a story developed with Susan Yankowitz,
music by David Shire
lyrics by Richard Maltby Jr.
directed by Adair Chappell
The show concerns three couples on a university campus as they deal with the painful, rewarding and agonizingly funny consequences of conceiving a baby. There are the college students, barely at the beginning of their adult lives; the thirty-somethings, having trouble conceiving but determined to try; and the middle aged parents, looking forward to seeing their last child graduate from college when a night of unexpected passion leads to a surprise pregnancy.
Click the red shaded links to see pictures from the performance of cast & crew.
October 1, 2013
I Hate Hamlet
by Paul Rudnick
A delightful comedy about a successful television star whose apartment is haunted by the champagne guzzling, ego driven ghost of John Barrymore.
November 5, 2013
Late: A Cowboy Song
by Sarah Ruhl
The story of Mary, a woman caught between two worlds: that of her loving but broke husband and her high school girlfriend who also happens to be a cowboy.
December 4, 2013
First Night
by Jack Neary.
In this delightful comedy a video store employee meets his grade school sweetheart twenty years later and wonders if they can find happiness together. The only question, however, is whether or not she's a nun.
January 28, 2014
Fertile Ground: Love is Enough
by Donna Barrow-Green.
It's the 1960s: LBJ, Vietnam, women libbers — and Gladys is trapped in her role as a typical housewife. Her life revolves around the needs of her husband, Mike, and her son, Joey. But Gladys has a dream: she dreams of writing romance novels. She dreams of a world inhabited by a lovely young woman — perhaps named Jill Brentwood or Rachel Winters — who studies fashion design in Paris where she happens to meet a handsome stranger whose deep brown eyes look directly into her heart. His name could be Daniel O'Connor, Tom Griffin, or…perhaps…Marcos Van Dirk! The fantastic world of Gladys' imagination collides with her stifling reality when Marcos suddenly comes to life and she is forced to choose between being a housewife and her romantic dreams. The comedy Love is Enough is written by Portland playwright Donna Barrow-Green and directed by Chrisse Roccaro. The cast includes Emily Sahler as Gladys; Brian Allard as her husband, Mike; Bryce Earhart as their son, Joey; and Gilberto Martin Del Campo as the dreamy hero, Marcos Van Dirk. Love is Enough is produced by the Portland Civic Theatre Guild, whose mission is to serve and support the Portland theatre community. Please join us at 10am for coffee before the reading.
February 4, 2014
Mark Twain's The Diaries of Adam and Eve
by David Birney
A hilarious play about the original battle of the sexes by one of the world's greatest writers.
March 4, 2014
Crumbs from the Table of Joy
by Lynn Nottage
It is 1950 and Godfrey Crump has just lost his wife. He finds solace in Father Devine's Peace Mission Movement. He pulls up stakes and moves his teenage daughters to be nearer to the mission. Told through the eyes of seventeen year old Ernestine, the play aims straight at the heart.
April 1, 2014
Humble Boy
by Charlotte Jones
Forty year old Felix Humble, a shy genius, searches for a unified theory of the universe. Returning home after the death of his father, he must come to terms with his overbearing mother and assorted family members. A hilarious and surprising play with echoes of Hamlet. Directed by Micki Selvitella, featured cast members are Todd Van Voris as Felix Humble; Christine Shields as Mercy Lott; Patricia Hunter as Flora Humble; David Loftus as Jim the gardener; David Heath as George Pye; and Katie Mortemore as Rosie Pye.
May 6, 2014
A Musical Treat
Directed by Adair Chappell
Once again, the "dessert" of the season! A delightful and dynamic performance by some of Portland's finest musical stars!
Click the red shaded links to see pictures from the performance of cast & crew.
October 2, 2012
by Herb Gardner
directed by Chrisse Roccaro
A young boy named Nick lives with his eccentric Uncle Murray. When Murray walks off his job as a joke writer for "Chuckles the Chipmunk", it's time for "the system" to make life "normal". As Nick and Murray find a way to stay together, their paths become filled with laughter, warmth, sweetness and inspired madness.
November 6, 2012
by Anne Nelson
directed by Stephanie Mulligan
Nick, a New York Firefighter Captain coming to terms with the loss of eight men on "9/11" seeks the help of Joan, a writer, to prepare the eulogies for his men. A true story told with humor, compassion and heartfelt appreciation for the lives of those lost when the Twin Towers fell.
December 4, 2012
by Alan Ayckbourn
directed by Mary McDonald-Lewis
This hilarious farce involves two couples in a mad-cap mix up of revolving doors, odd relationships, quick word-play and mistaken identity.
January 29, 2013
by Andrew Wardenaar
directed by Matt Zrebski
The Sweatermakers, by Andrew Wardenaar, a member of Playwrights West, ponders the way we reach for each other as tragedy surrounds us. This non-realistic, mysterious play will PCTG's first Fertile Ground entry. The Fertile Ground brochure will be coming out in December – a guide to the whole FG season. The Guild's production will be featured. Our reading is at 10 AM Guild style w/coffee at the Old Church. There will also be a talk back.
February 5, 2013
by Michael Hollinger
directed by Louanne Moldovan
As little girls, nestled in the tiny projection booth of their family-owned cinema, Hazel and Muriel flew to exotic islands with their mother. Now, in middle-age, Muriel returns to the fading movie palace where her estranged sister screens old films for a dwindling audience. When Hazel insists she wants nothing to do with her sister, Muriel begs her sister to help her resurrect the cinema and her own failing marriage. A poignant, powerful play about the limits of love and the limitless magic of the movies.
March 5, 2013
by Neil Simon
directed by Trish Egan
Two young brothers are left to fend for themselves in a household run by their formidable immigrant grandmother, a sweet but simple-minded aunt, and their hoodlum uncle. One of Simon's most impressive and funniest plays, it received four Tonys and the Pulitzer Prize.
April 2, 2013
by Joanna McClelland Glass
directed by Micki Selvitella
For fourteen years Margaret and Walter have been man and wife in name only. It takes a visit from a childhood friend, Gibson, to their 500-acre farm is Saskatchewan, Canada, to bring about the emotional upheaval, physical collapse, and self questioning that will allow the couple to let go of their pride and connect once more.
May 7, 2013
directed by Adair Chappell
Once again, the "dessert" of the season. A delightful and dynamic musical treat performed by some of Portland's finest! This year we have chosen: "Jacques Brel Is Alive and Well and Living In Paris…." by Jacques Brel, Eric Blau, & Mort Shuman. Music by Jaques Brel!
Click the red shaded links to see pictures from the performance of cast & crew.
October 4, 2011
by Neil Simon
produced through special arrangement with Samuel French
A dark drama with comic overtones centering on a cabaret singer whose career, marriage, and health have been destroyed by alcohol. Set in the 1970s.
November 1, 2011
by Devon Allen
Occurring over a 24-hour period in the early 1980s, this play sometimes mocks, sometimes laughs at the lingering effects of service in the Vietnam war and its imact on family relations. .
December 6, 2011
by Susan Sandler
A lighthearted romantic comedy demonstrating that even in modern times a little matchmaking can be very helpful to two young New Yorkers struggling to find love.
February 7, 2012
by David Lindsay-Abaire
A rare condition that causes the body to age much faster than normal has trapped sixteen year old Kimberly in the body of an eighty year old woman. In this hilarious and heart rending play, Kimberly is forced to reevaluate her life while contending with a hypochondriac mother, a rarely sober father, a scam artist aunt, and, most terrifying of all, the possibility of first love.
March 6, 2012
by Donald Margulies
Jonathan Waxman, an extraordinarily successful artist who claims astronomical prices for his work sight unseen, travels to England to visit his original muse and lover, whom he abandoned years ago in a quest for the fame that now consumes him.
April 3, 2012
by Gerald Sibleyras translated by Tom Stoppard
Will today be the day they escape? In a French Military hospital three veterans, Gustave, Phillipe and Henri plan their escape. This beguiling comedy explores the eccentricities, follies and quiet desperation of old age and friendship.
May 1, 2012
Once again, the "dessert" of the season. A delightful and dynamic musical treat performed by some of Portland's finest!
Click the red shaded links to see pictures from the performance of cast & crew.
Last of the Red Hot Lovers by Neil Simon
Doubt by John Patrick Shanley
Six Dance Lessons in Six Weeks by Richard Alfieri
The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man in the Moon Marigolds by Paul Zindel
All in the Timing by David Ives
A Cocktail Hour by A. R. Gurney
A Marvelous Party directed by Adair Chappell
Click the red shaded links to see pictures from the performance of cast & crew.
A Taste of Honey by Shelagh Delany
The Cemetery Club by Ivan Menchell
Road to Mecca by Athol Fugard
Mysterious Mr. Love by Karoline Leach
A Walk in the Woods by Lee Blessing
The Hammerstone by Jon Tuttle
Musical Treat: Tribute to Stephen Sondheim directed by Adair Chappell
Click the red shaded links to see pictures from the performance of cast & crew.
Angel Street by Patrick Hamilton
Three Viewings by Jeffrey Hatcher
Chateau Joyeux by William S. Gregory
Love Letters by A. R. Gurney
A Night in the Theatre by Lawrence Casler
Enchanted April by Matthew Barber
Musical Treat: No Way to Treat a Lady directed by Adair Chappell and Alan D. Lytle
Click the red shaded links to see pictures from the performance of cast & crew.
Same Time Next Year
Grace and Glorie
Master Class
Musical Treat: Love is in the Air
Click the red shaded links to see pictures from the performance of cast & crew.
Shirley Valentine Nixon's Nixon
Bell Book and Candle
The Giver
Musical Treat
The Foreigner by Larry Shue
Proof by David Auburn
A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams
The Goodbye People by Herb Gardner
The Laramie Project by Moises Kaufman
Fallen Angels by Noel Coward
Musical Treat directed by Adair Chappell
Kilroy Was Here
The Rainmaker
A View from the Bridge
On Golden Pond
Man of LaMancha
Talley's Folly
Musical Treat
Royal Gambit
A Day in the Death of Joe Egg
Crimes of the Heart
I Ought to be in Pictures
Carpetbagger's Children
Glass Managerie
Musical Treat
The Little Foxes
Last Night at Ballyhoo
Under Milkwood
Broadway Bound
Fuddy Mears
And a Nightingale Sang
Musical Treat
Juicy Tomatoes
Holiday Stories
Educating Rita
Fallen Angels
The Mysterious Mr Love
Musical Treat
The Cocktail Hour
Shadow of a Gunman
I Was Dancing
The Business of Murder
Withering Looks
Time of the Cuckoo
Musical Treat
Social Security
The Public Eye
Holiday Surprise
Having Our Say
Travels With My Aunt
Lunch Hour
Musical Treat
Two Viewings
The Love Course
Holiday Stories
The Corn is Green
Dancing at Lughnasa
Angel Street
Musical Treat
Me and Jezebel
Christmas Stories
The Heiress
The Kingfisher
Murder by Misadventure
Musical Treat–I Do, I Do
Laundry and Bourbon
Song at Twilight
Over the Teacups
Man of Destiny
The Browning Version
Musical Treat–Sondheim
Any Wednesday
Still Life
Lion in Winter
Barefoot in the Park
The Circle
Home at Seven
Musical Treat
The Foreigner
Shirley Valentine
Love Letters
The Last of the Red Hot Lovers
Lettice and Lovage
The Best of Friends
George and Martha
Tell Me a Story
The Story of Paragil
Bed Among the Lentils
Sunshine Boys
Driving Miss Daisy
84 Sharing Cross Road
An Unfinished Romance
A Child's Christmas in Wales
Mata Hari/The Inca of Perusalem
The Philanderer
A Gentleman and a Scoundrel
Twelve PoundLook/Fumed Oak
Spoon River Anthology
The Marriage Proposal/The Boor
Ladies in Retirement
Relatively Speaking
The Confidential Clerk
Mass Appeal
Footsteps of a Dove/I'm Herbert
Social Security
The Holly and the Ivy
Business of Murder
First Night of Pygmallion
(Production Titles Unavailable)
A Phoenix Too Frequent
Wildly In Love
A Christmas in Wales
Billy Bishop Goes to War
Murder at Howard Johnson's
A Lovely Night
The Housekeeper
Painting Churches
Dial "M" for Murder
The Kingfisher
The Whole Truth
Old Acquaintances
The Lady's Not for Burning
Fox Fire
Sorry, Wrong Number/I'm Herbert
I Ought to be in Pictures
The Holly and the Ivy
The Pleasure of His Company
A Talent for Murder
The Reluctant Debutante
The West Side Waltz
My Three Angels
The Green Bay Tree
The Glass Mountain
Lord Arthur Saville's Crime
Plaza Suite
Pat Covington and Co.
Dear Charles
Edwina Black
The Solid Gold Cadillac
On Golden Pond
The Greatest Man Alive
You Never Can Tell
Last of the Red Hot Lovers
Miss Lula Bett
Mary and Mary
The White House
The Last of Mrs. Cheyney
An Inspector Calls
Hay Fever
Fallen Angels
Barretts of Wimpole Street
Laburnum Grove
The Circle
Night Watch
Morning's at Seven
The Winslow Boy
Christmas Packages
Uncle Henry
Mr. Pym Passes By
Critic's Choice
Kind Lady
Music Noel
Valentine and Valentina
Dragon's Mouth
Goodbye My Fancy
The Day after the Fair
What Every Woman Knows
Dispel Gloom and Spread Joy
The Heiress
White Lies
The Happy Hour
Surprise Package
Present Tense
Silent Night, Lonely Night
Happy Birthday, USA
Ladies in Retirement
The Women
The Corn is Green
The Sound of Music
The Silver Whistle
Promenade All
The Last of Mrs. Lincoln
The Constant Wife
Three Scenes from World Theatre
The Play's the Thing
The Holly and the Ivy
A Phoenix Too Frequent
Angel Street


text: MWC 2014 Preview: Deutsche Telekom and Pisa start Smart City project19 Feb 2014 01:10 PM Pilot project in Pisa provides parking guide system to steer drivers to available parking spaces; Smart Stadium offers a more intense fan experience; and efficient street lighting saves up to 70% of electricity costsMotorists in Pisa will soon be able to find a parking space more easily thanks to a pilot project instigated by Deutsche Telekom, which integrates a number of parking spaces within a sensor-based parking management system in Piazza Carrara in the city centre.The cooperation also includes a big data service, which analyzes historical traffic data to optimise the flow of traffic. Deutsche Telekom will present this and other M2M solutions for the Smart City, including remote controlled streetlights and a holistic concept for connected stadiums, at the Mobile World Congress (MWC) in Barcelona (Hall 3, C114)."Turnkey and future-proof Smart City solutions are an important pillar of our growth strategy in the area of M2M. They help cities build sustainable structures to reduce CO2 emissions and offer citizens a better quality of life," says Thomas Kiessling, chief product & innovation officer at Deutsche Telekom."We are pleased that we can work in partnership with such an innovative city as Pisa to bring to life one of the first Smart City projects in the area of parking and mobility management."The system will be introduced in the historic centre of Pisa – only a few hundred meters from the town's landmark, the Leaning Tower."We look forward to adding parking management to Pisa's Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) in collaboration with Deutsche Telekom," said Pisa's Mayor Marco Filippeschi. "It will ensure a better flow of traffic, reduce CO2 emissions – in accordance with our SEAP (Sustainable energy action plan) and our policies on smart mobility – and make it much more convenient to look for a parking space."Especially in the context of increasing urbanization and declining public sector budgets Smart City solutions like the pilot in Pisa are the way forward, said Deutsche Telekom. According to the UN, a total of 3.63 billion people lived in big cities in 2011, and it's estimated there will be 6.25 billion by 2050 – about 67.2% of the world population.No more hunting for available parking spacesIn big cities, drivers searching for a parking space cause an estimated 30% of the overall traffic. This could soon be a thing of the past. With the proposed solution for parking and mobility management from Deutsche Telekom, drivers will be guided to an available parking space via the app.Sensors on the parking spaces check whether they are vacant or occupied and forward this information to the app. The parking fee can also be conveniently paid using a smartphone.A website visualises the entire parking situation in real time for the city administration. What's more, RFID cards replace parking passes. These can be more easily managed and applied for. By using RFID gates the city can register anonymously how specific categories of road users move through the city's districts. The analysis of this data offers enormous potential for urban and transport planning.Out of the dark and into the lightStreet lighting can also be managed more efficiently with the help of Smart City solutions. Combined with solid-state lighting, the intelligent light management can reduce electricity costs by up to 70% and maintenance costs by up to 10%percent. The city always has an overview of all the lights and can identify and fix malfunctions immediately.Visitors can experience first-hand how it all works at the Deutsche Telekom stand, where three connected lamps are operated via the management software. The solution is unique in that it enables the creation of an open, city-wide network for Smart City solutions to run on – from smart metering to charging stations for electric cars.The stadium gets smartAs part of the GSMA Connected City (Hall 3, stand 3A11 and 3A31) Deutsche Telekom will introduce the Smart Stadium, a connected and integrated concept for large events. It aims to create a more intense fan experience and simplify operational processes for major events. Information from all parts of the stadium is included, evaluated and used for data-driven decisions.This makes it possible for a visitor flow management system to shorten waiting times for ticket sales or at concession stands during breaks. Fans can also use an app to get detailed information about the game or to find out about the current traffic situation around the stadium.For event organizers, the Smart Stadium digitizes all aspects of stadium operations – from calculating waiting times at sales booths, through security and all the way to the maintenance for the stadium's lighting. The precise and predictable use of resources can reduce energy consumption by 10%. During the event automated video analyses identify problems early on and allow quicker response times to incidents.Universal remote managementIn addition to the Smart City topic, Deutsche Telekom will be presenting more M2M solutions for industrial automation in Barcelona. These include pre-configured solutions for specific applications such as photovoltaic systems, wind power stations and the supply of fuel oil or gas.In addition, the portfolio also offers universally applicable solutions to almost any machine that can be remotely controlled – be it elevators, medical equipment, or manufacturing facilities.Photo by Johann H. AddicksJames Atkinson EditorLinkedIn |Google + |Email Leave a CommentPlease write code to prove you're humanMore on... Smart citiesWBA's CCAB unveils Connected City Blueprint ETSI forms new industry group for smart city solutionsImec, Antwerp and Flanders to establish Smart City Living LabMore on... Smart CitiesNokia unveils wireless router for power distribution networks ETSI forms new industry group for smart city solutionsMore on... Deutsche TelekomIoT machine management via the CloudThe perfect price for IoTLatest in IoTAltair Semiconductor introduces narrowband CAT-M1 and NB1 chipsetTelefónica, Huawei and Kamstrup launch in NB-IoT project in Chile oneM2M standard holds third IoT interoperability event


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If you came to our stand for Ricoh at this year's Drupa, you might have noticed something a bit odd about it. There was something missing. After wandering around a bit you might have been able to put your finger on it; where were all the screens, the VR headsets, the interactive touchscreens, the motion-detection games and so on that you'd seen on all the other stands? You would have noticed that they were missing because they weren't there.
Why? What were we thinking? Was it because we were frightened by technology? Or was it because we didn't understand it? Or we couldn't afford it? Or was it even more shocking than that: we believed we didn't need it?
Now that might strike some as a kind of heresy nowadays but hear us out. Anyone who's seen our work knows we love a bit of kit. Used in the right way it can be incredibly powerful. But is it always the only way?
The wow factor
The problem is our 'wow' levels are set pretty high these days. The world is awash with technology and there's very little nowadays that you can't do on a smartphone. AR, VR, 360 degree views, whatever.... when it comes to stands it has to be pretty amazing to even raise a 'share'. To borrow a great line from Pixar's The Incredibles, 'when everyone's super, no one will be.'
Worst of all, we're all wired for 'instant' nowadays. Even 140 characters is too long for the Snapchat generation. We struggle to stay engaged for long enough to take the content in. Interactive technology, surprisingly, also tends to get low levels of engagement at shows. Why? Is it because it lacks novelty? Or is it because we can't be bothered to figure it out? Or is it because it wants to access our social media accounts? And do we avoid that VR experience because it might make us look silly? Do we quietly back away or avoid it and look for someone to talk to?
Can technology become a barrier to engagement?
That's why after looking closely at what we wanted to say we decided to give technology a pass this time and go old school. We went large on print and environmental graphics. And not just because it was a print show. We like print because it's clear. It works. It's comfortable. It doesn't erect barriers. It also gave our messaging gravitas. When a subject is really important we still tend to print it out to take away and read at our leisure. Print is also very tactile. It has weight. We can feel it. It somehow feels more human and this linked into something even more special: it helped start conversations. Honest to God, real conversations with a human.
It didn't just stop at print. In each of the zones on the stand we had a hub with huge benches rammed with all sorts of other executions. Even the digital workflow systems were printed on a huge wall as an environmental graphic. The expectation might have been that it would be on an interactive screen but it wasn't. That's what made it stand out. And what about the experience? Weren't we worried that we might come over as old-fashioned and dull? Actually the feedback was great. The stand felt more relaxed and
friendly. Think browsing Waterstones versus Dixons. You get the point.
So what did we learn?
A great compelling story is what grabs the attention, not necessarily the screen or device you use to tell it on. Tech can be quite a solitary experience if you're not careful. Above all, don't be afraid of seeming out of touch if you choose to go low-tech. It can be very refreshing. You won't overwhelm your visitors, there will be no barriers to engagement and best of all, they may leave with something they'll really value: a real human experience. Isn't that why they came in the first place?
Comment below to let us know what you think.
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Your bedroom is probably really cool already, but just in case you wanted to make it even cooler, we've decided to give away a few awesome Dormify products. Whether you're just looking to redo your room or you're moving into a dorm in a few weeks, you're definitely not going to want to miss out on this giveaway.
One of you will win a gorg reversible Dormify duvet, meaning you can change the look of your bed any day just by flipping it over! The lucky winner will also get a hashtag pillow that says #nbd (only one of our fave sayings ever). Want to win this stuff? Of course you do! Enter now for your chance.
Awesome legal disclaimer: This Sweepstakes is in no way sponsored, endorsed or administered by, or associated with, Facebook.