text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 6, 1996
|Filing date
|Mar 17, 1994
|Priority date
|Mar 17, 1994
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Robert J. Abend
|Original Assignee
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (15), Referenced by (46), Classifications (12), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States for all governmental purposes without the payment of any royalty.
The present invention relates generally to a programmable boundary scan and input/output parameter device for testing integrated circuits; and more particularly to a field programmable and configurable boundary scan integrated circuit with programmable input/output parameters.
Boundary scan is an emerging test standard which improves the testability of integrated circuits and their final subassembly apparatus such as a PC board or multi-chip module. The boundary scan concept is defined by the IEEE Std 1149.1-1990: IEEE Standard Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture, published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. As an aid to understanding the standard, see the book by Harry Bleeker, Peter van Den Eijnden and Frans de Jong titled Boundary-Scan Test, a Practical Approach, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell Mass. 02061, U.S.A. The IEEE standard and the Bleeker et al. book are hereby incorporated by reference as background material, and for their detailed description of boundary scan circuits and test methods.
At present a small percentage of available integrated circuits offer boundary scan capability. Integrated circuit manufacturers are, in some cases, reluctant to add or include boundary scan in specific intergrated circuits due to added complexity, chip size, power dissipation, yield, the fact that many end users may not need boundary scan capability cost and other factors such as circuit performance degradation.
Present manufacturers of printed circuit boards, multi-chip modules, and other electronic digital assemblies also have difficulty in implementing boundary scan testing as required by their application, since many integrated circuits do not provide boundary scan implementation. Many new integrated circuits do not have boundary scan, and manufacturers are reluctant to redesign existing circuits.
The following United States patents are of interest with respect to the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,198,778--Akabane
U.S. Pat. No. 5,187,430--Marek et al
U.S. Pat. No. 5,148,102--Rose et al
U.S. Pat. No. 4,967,148--Doemens et al
The patent to Marek et al discloses a method for determining networks among nodes in a circuit board by applying an electrical stimulus, measuring the response at the nodes, and comparing the measurements to determine a plurality of networks among the nodes. The remaining patents are of less interest.
The following United States patents relate to boundary-scan testing, and are hereby incorporated by reference.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,281,864--Hahn et al
U.S. Pat. No. 5,155,732--Jarwala et al
U.S. Pat. No. 5,042,034--Correale Jr. et al
The following United States patents relate to Multi Chip Module (MCM) technology, and are hereby incorporated by reference to show the chip assembly and wire bonding techniques.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,276,586--Hatsuda et al
U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,423--Lin et al
U.S. Pat. No. 5,241,450--Berhardt et al
U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,729--Cipolla et al
U.S. Pat. No. 5,200,580--Sienski et al
U.S. Pat. No. 5,167,512--Walkup
U.S. Pat. No. 5,137,836--Lam
U.S. Pat. No. 4,930,002--Takenka et al
An objective of the invention is to provide for the use of boundary scan testing of devices, such as printed circuit boards and multi chip modules, when the needed boundary scan test circuits have not been provided on IC chips by the manufacturer. A further objective is to provide programmable functions for the IC chips. The invention provides for a diagnostic and testing integrated circuit that performs a boundary scan external to available integrated circuitry. The diagnostic and testing integrated circuit uses input/output parameters. Programmable boundary scan functions include input or output functions, enable or disable cells, and shift register orders, The boundary scan function programming will also allow each boundary scan cell to be defined as an input/output boundary scan cell. In addition enable cell programmability provides the capability of shutting down unused cells in a given application to program proper data flow and to conserve power.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a simplified integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising a plurality of boundary scan cells;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a multi chip module with boundary scan circuits on separate IC chips for testing an IC digital logic chip;
FIG. 3 is diagram showing a boundary scan device used to test more than one IC device;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a typical prior art IC including boundary scan register and test control circuits provided by the IC manufacturer on the same chip; and
FIG, 5 is a diagram of a printed circuit board having an IC logic chip associated with boundary test devices located on separate IC chips,
The thrust of the invention is the provision of an integrated circuit that performs the boundary scan function external to available integrated circuits with added utility being achieved via the addition of programmable input/output parameters,
Boundary scan testing involves the addition of several logic elements which are inserted at the inputs and outputs of the integrated circuit, Since boundary scan elements are on the periphery of the integrated circuit, an external boundary scan cell will function the same as an integrated boundary scan cell.
The external boundary scan cells of the invention are desirably made to be mask or field programmable. Programmable boundary scan functions include:
1. Input or output functions.
2. Enable or disable cell.
3. Shift register order.
Programmable input/output functions may include:
1. Rise and fall time.
2. Logic high and logic zero levels on the outputs.
3. Input and output impedance.
4. Output current in the high and low stages.
5. Input high and low thresholds.
The boundary scan functions programming allows each cell to be defined as an input/output boundary scan cell. The cell enable programmability would provides capability of shutting down unused cells in a given application in order to program proper data flow and to conserve power. Programmable shift register sequencing may also be of value in some applications. Location of the serial "test data in" (TDI) and "test data a out" ports can also be programmed.
Input/output parameter programming adds utility well beyond the boundary scan function. When the proposed boundary scan cell is located adjacent to the digital integrated circuit output of the circuit being enhanced with boundary scan test capability the capacitance being driven by the outputs ports of that circuit are typically reduce by an order of magnitude, at least. Power dissipation modern high speed digital integrated circuits is largely a function of the frequency of operation and the capacitance driven by the output ports on the circuit.
Integrated circuit manufacturers design their output circuits to have extremely fast rise and fall times so that capability of operating at the maximum specified clock frequency is not impaired. Unfortunately this leads to ringing in the circuit output signal and maximizes power dissipation. Since output current is largely a function of C dv/dt, with programmable rise and fall times incorporated in the boundary scan cell, each tested circuit ouput port may have its rise and fall times rise and fall time tailored to specific signal requirements to thereby minimize power dissipation, and minimize ringing that (an cause unnecessary clocking delay at the input of the next device. Crosstalk between signal paths can also be reduced. Programmable output drive currents allow each boundary scan cell to be matched to the network that it is driving; also reducing power dissipation. Programmable input and output levels afforded by the device allows low voltage signal transmission, further reducing crosstalk and power dissipation. Programmable input and output impedances allow the use of matched transmission lines, further enhancing signal integrity and reducing crosstalk.
In order to match the required topography on a Multi Chip Module (MCM) application, the chip should prefereably be long and narrow in its physical shape, as shown in FIG. 1; the device may however be manufactured in other shapes. The long narrow version shown in FIG. 1 can laser scribed so that its length can customized by the user. The laser scribe line may enclose signal and power and ground lines to the next BSC (Boundary Scan Cell), and accommodate user configuration.
FIG. 2 shows an example of how the device might be used on an MCM substrate 10, having typical digital IC chips 12. The boundary scan devices 14 are bonded to the IC devices 12 via bond wires 16, and to the substrate via bond wires 18. The BSC device may also be packaged on PC boards. Wire bonding between the BSC device may also be accomplished by wire bonding from the host digital device to the substrate and then from the substrate to the BSC device; but this is less efficient.
The BSC device may also be used to provide boundary scan and programmable input/output parametrics for more than one device as shown in FIG. 3. A plurality of standard IC chips 22 and 32 are connected via wire bonds 36 to a single boundary scan device 24. Wire bonds 38 connect the boundary scan device 24 to the substrate.
FIG. 4 shows a typical prior art IC which includes a boundary-scan register and test control circuits on the same chip with the core logic 42. The boundary test circuits include a number of boundary test cells 44, and a test control circuit 48. Each cell 44 is connected to the core logic, and also via an IC input buffer an IC output buffer to an IC pin. The four pins (TMS, TCK, TDI and TDO) are referred to as the Test Access Port or TAP. The entire test control logic is consequently called the TAP Controller. Each of the boundary scan cells 44 includes a shift register stage.
FIG. 5 shows a circuit similar to FIG. 4, but in which only the core logic is provided by the manufacturer on a standard digital IC chip 52. According to the invention, the boundary test circuits are then provided on a multi chip module or printed circuit board by separate IC chips. An embodiment on a printed circuit board 50 is shown in FIG. 5. The boundary test cells 54 along with input or output buffers are provided on IC chips 53, which are connected via printed circuit wiring 56 between IC pins from the chips 53 to the main IC chip 52 (Usually IC sockets are used, but they have been omitted to simplify the drawing). The boundary test circuits include a test control circuit shown here on a separate chip 58. All of the boundary test cells 54 and the test control circuit may be provided in a single IC chip. Also, a single IC chip may contain the boundary test cells and test control circuit for a number of digital IC chips. The boundary test circuits are shown in FIG. 5 as having connections from IC pins to a printed circuit board connector at the bottom of the figure.
The IC devices such as chip 12 in FIG. 2, chips 22 and 32 in FIG. 3, and chip 52 in FIG. 5, may be referred to as host devices or host IC chips. These devices or chips correspond to the "core logic" in FIG. 4.
In applications that are not sensitive to speed considerations, applications wherein factors such as net capacitance are of small concern, the boundary scan device may be located in a remote position relative to the host device.
Implementation of the boundary scan device may use elective connection arrangements such as fusible links fusible links, programmable connections, UV erasable memory, laser frim, or other available technologies.
Functionality of the boundary scan device will provide compliance with IEEE standard 1149.1
A boundary scan controller preferably included in each boundary scan device, central controller for multiple devices may be feasible as well. If central control is used, the complexity of each boundary scan device is reduced.
Advantages of the external boundary scan device include be;
1. Reduced complexity of digital integrated circuits that use the external boundary scan device.
2. Reduced pin count on digital devices that use the external BSC device.
3. Higher speed due to programmable I/O parameters.
4. Lower power dissipation.
5. Less crosstalk between signal nets.
6. Less ground and power noise.
7. User configuration of boundary scan and I/O parameters customized.
It is understood that certain modifications to the invention as described may be made, as might occur to one with skill in the field of the invention, within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, all embodiments contemplated hereunder which achieve the objects of the present invention have not been shown in complete detail. Other embodiments may be developed without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
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|Hitachi, Ltd.
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|Oct 30, 1990
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Apparatus for electrical function testing of wiring matrices, particularly of printed circuit boards
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|Aug 20, 1991
|International Business Machines Corporation
|By-pass boundary scan design
|May 23, 1991
|Aug 11, 1992
|Atmel Corporation
|Method of manufacturing a repairable multi-chip module
|Aug 22, 1990
|Sep 15, 1992
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Apparatus for the electrical function testing of wiring matrices, particularly of printed circuit boards
|Oct 9, 1990
|Oct 13, 1992
|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Method and apparatus for data transfer to and from devices through a boundary-scan test access port
|Jul 5, 1991
|Dec 1, 1992
|Walkup William B
|Multi-chip module connector element and system
|Aug 30, 1991
|Feb 16, 1993
|Compaq Computer Corporation
|Method and apparatus for determining nets among nodes in a circuit board
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|Mar 30, 1993
|Nippon Cmk Corp.
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|Apr 6, 1993
|E-Systems, Inc.
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|May 4, 1993
|International Business Machines Corporation
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|Mar 13, 1992
|Aug 31, 1993
|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy
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|Sep 21, 1993
|Motorola, Inc.
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|Apr 22, 1992
|Jan 4, 1994
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Bonding structure of thermal conductive members for a multi-chip module
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|Jan 25, 1994
|Motorola Gmbh
|Implementation of the IEEE 1149.1 boundary-scan architecture
|Citing Patent
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|Publication date
|Feb 26, 1998
|Mar 7, 2000
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Semiconductor integrated circuit with test device
|Jun 30, 1998
|Apr 24, 2001
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
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|Oct 21, 1998
|Nov 6, 2001
|Xilinx, Inc.
|Boundary-scan register cell with bypass circuit
|Feb 25, 1999
|Jun 11, 2002
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Position independent testing of circuits
|Feb 18, 1999
|Jun 18, 2002
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Hierarchical access of test access ports in embedded core integrated circuits
|May 24, 2001
|Aug 27, 2002
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Accelerating scan test by re-using response data as stimulus data
|Jul 16, 1999
|Sep 24, 2002
|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson
|Fault detection in digital system
|Jun 24, 1999
|Feb 11, 2003
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Reduced power testing with equally divided scan paths
|Jan 10, 2000
|Apr 15, 2003
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system for dynamically configuring a central processing unit with multiple processing cores
|Jun 17, 1999
|May 6, 2003
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
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|Oct 25, 2002
|Nov 4, 2003
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
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|Mar 19, 2001
|Dec 2, 2003
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
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|Apr 16, 2001
|Apr 27, 2004
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
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|Jan 10, 2001
|Apr 27, 2004
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|IC with shared scan cells selectively connected in scan path
|Sep 1, 1999
|May 25, 2004
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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|Apr 2, 2002
|Jul 13, 2004
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
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|Mar 9, 2001
|Jul 27, 2004
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Scan circuit low power adapter with counter
|Jul 18, 2003
|Jun 21, 2005
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
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|Apr 30, 2004
|Sep 5, 2006
|Xilinx, Inc.
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|Feb 2, 2004
|Dec 26, 2006
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
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|Oct 10, 2003
|Mar 27, 2007
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for conditioning of a digital pulse
|May 1, 2006
|Oct 21, 2008
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|External scan circuitry connected to leads extending from core circuitry
|Apr 30, 2004
|Oct 6, 2009
|Xilinx, Inc.
|Dynamic reconfiguration of a system monitor (DRPORT)
|Sep 3, 2008
|Nov 17, 2009
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|IP core design supporting user-added scan register option
|Jan 9, 2009
|Feb 2, 2010
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
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|Oct 8, 2009
|Nov 2, 2010
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
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|Jan 3, 2007
|Jul 26, 2011
|Apple Inc.
|Analog boundary scanning based on stray capacitance
|Sep 23, 2010
|Oct 25, 2011
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Scan circuits formed peripheral of core circuits with control leads
|Sep 21, 2011
|Jul 3, 2012
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|IC with first and second external register present leads
|Jun 1, 2012
|Mar 19, 2013
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Signal connections extending from the periphery of an IP core
|Feb 12, 2013
|Sep 17, 2013
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Executing TAP instructions in IP core with ERP lead
|Aug 16, 2013
|Jun 3, 2014
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|Feb 7, 2013
|Sep 16, 2014
|Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
|System and method for scan chain re-ordering
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|Mar 4, 2004
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Multichip module and testing method thereof
|Feb 2, 2004
|Aug 12, 2004
|Whetsel Lee D.
|Low power testing of very large circuits
|Apr 30, 2004
|Nov 3, 2005
|Xilinx, Inc.
|Boundary-scan circuit used for analog an ddigital testing of an integrated circuit
|Apr 30, 2004
|Nov 24, 2005
|Xilinx, Inc
|Dynamic reconfiguration of a system monitor (DRPORT)
|May 1, 2006
|Oct 26, 2006
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|IP core design supporting user-added scan register option
|Jan 3, 2007
|Jul 3, 2008
|Apple Inc.
|Analog boundary scanning based on stray capacitance
|Sep 3, 2008
|Dec 25, 2008
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Ip core design supporting user-added scan register option
|Jan 9, 2009
|May 7, 2009
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Low power testing of very large circuits
|Oct 8, 2009
|Jan 28, 2010
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Ip core design supporting user-added scan register option
|Sep 23, 2010
|Jan 20, 2011
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Ip core design supporting user-added scan register option
|Sep 21, 2011
|Jan 12, 2012
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Ip core design supporting user-added scan register option
|Feb 7, 2013
|Aug 7, 2014
|Puneet Dodeja
|System and method for scan chain re-ordering
|Sep 1, 1999
|Apr 6, 2000
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Low redesign application-specific module
|U.S. Classification
|714/726, 714/32
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 21, 1994
Owner name: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE, AS REPRESENTED BY T
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ABEND, ROBERT J.;REEL/FRAME:007034/0611
Effective date: 19940303
|Sep 16, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 25, 2004
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 6, 2004
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 5, 2004
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20040806


text:
Is my nose permanently deformed? (Photo)
I'm 2 weeks post op and my nose looks very deformed to me. One of my nostrils hangs lower than the other. Is this due to swelling? How can it be fixed? Thank you!
Doctor Answers 1
Nose Shape after Rhinoplasty
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{{ voteCount >= 0 ? '+' + (voteCount + 1) : (voteCount + 1) }}
You cannot judge the final result of your rhinoplasty this soon after the procedure in most cases. Since it has only been two weeks after your procedure, it is likely swelling that is skewing your results. It can take weeks for swelling to completely reduce. I recommend sleeping on 2-3 pillows to keep your head elevated to reduce swelling. Most patients also ice their nose the first few weeks as well. Be patient, your new nose will reveal itself once swelling has stopped
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
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|Louis Suárez-Potts <lo...@apache.org>
|Sat, 20 Oct 2012 14:42:38 GMT
https://ticketbud.com/ There has been some discussion on a Foss list I subscribe to related to foundations, and Ticketbud came up, via the article in Wired on the company recently posted. [http://www.wired.com/business/2012/10/ticketbud/] The writer, Ryan Tate, has a good account of CEO Cross' modus operandi and I found it persuasive and in sync. with open source efforts to provide work made by and for the community (and everyone else). I sent Ticketbud a note asking whether they were open source, international, open content, localized, etc. That was a few minutes ago, so no response yet. But I do think we ought to consider their use, provided that's feasible and in accord with Apache; and if it seems good, then persuade Apache, if they need to be so suaded. What I would rather avoid is wasting time, money, energy using services that are difficult and costly or just costly or difficult, and that impose an effective tax on holding events. -louis
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text:
On July 20, 1969, astronaut Neil Armstrong radioed support from the wall of the Moon, "... the Eagle has landed". Most of us deem that the platform occurred as show. Not all, however. More than 30 time of life after the fact, Fox TV airy "Conspiracy Theory: Did We Really Go to the Moon?". In doing so, the Fox entertainers unleashed a buzzing ingroup of kooks and NASA-bashers on a scientifically romantic listeners in need ability of editorial equilibrium. Polls declare that perchance 6% of Americans understand in the substance of these claims.
Scientists, seekers of impartiality by definition, would stop the nonexempt from the void constituent of view, attempting to prove, in this case, that NASA DID go to the satellite. Because the trickery theorists are fetching the differing tack, and because they long their overnight case based alone on the pictorial representation evidence, one essential suspect some their bookish purebred and their intentions.
In fact, it may be much much commonsensible to say that the American government's historical capabilities in celestial carry too far thing we have detected about, or can slickly sense.Post ads:
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Why hair these accomplishments? It has been nasty to squabble for a conspiracy because no opinion has offered a effectively well-argued causative. An conception named "the wilderness idea of history" provides two.
Simply put, disagreement to the composition of a opportunity frontier originates near the insecurities of Western leadership. First, it is lucid that everything changes near the outgrowth of a wild. Established dominance structures are on average shaken, not reinforced. (If this is not clear, try linguistic process Walter Prescott Webb's The Great Frontier, extremely the ultimate chapter, and Divided We Stand: The Crisis of a Frontierless Democracy, by the aforesaid journalist.)
Second, location is the reason of giving out success. The Third World wants to post economic condition in its favor, and it pursues this end by a assemblage of fair suasion and pressure of terrorism victimisation military capability of large-scale termination. A wilderness could engineer such terrorization smaller quantity fluent. The Third World recoil to a span wilderness opening is uncertain and perchance violent. This makes pioneering a taboo for Western governments. And that's why they would maintain it private.Post ads:
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The ruse that Fox lost (well, they do go without a lot) is named by its adherents "Alternative 3". Its promoters are grey individuals close to Bill Cooper, a semi-formal US Naval Briefing Team contestant near admittance to detail secrets, who claims that an precocious American outer space attendance is a genuineness. In Behold a Pale Horse, he reports that "A satellite base, Luna, was photographed by the Lunar Orbiter and filmed by Apollo astronauts... I can say that 'Alternative 003' (a British TV piece of writing on this taxable) is at least 70% honest from my own experience and the culture of my sources."
Other authors engender twin assertions. In Our Mysterious Spaceship Moon (Dell, 1975), journalist Don Wilson publishes the ensuing dialogue concerning the Eagle unit and Mission Control, presumptively picked up by ham radio operators during a relay incursion attributed by NASA to an "overheated camera":
Armstrong: What was it? What the hell was it? That's all I want to know!
Mission Control: What's there?... problem (garble)... Mission Control calling Apollo 11...
Apollo 11: These babies are huge, sir!... Enormous!... Oh, God! You wouldn't imagine it!... I'm recitation you nearby are else ballistic capsule out within... bordered up on the far tenderloin of the scissure edge!... They're on the moon looking us!...
The underlying quality of sound suggests that at hand are, or were, well-camouflaged (cloaked?) extrinsic vessels place on the earth-side aboveground of the satellite. We authorities present that they were not extrinsic.
Now that's entertainment! It's got international conspiracy, Geneva Switzerland, the Bilderberg Group and anti-gravity artificial satellite improved by people, not aliens. Best, it's not loaded with mumbo jumbo "evidence" confidently debunkable by an undergrad Physics primary.
By the way, the Fox yarn was finished at the insisting of the factual control trailing the U.S. government, which is hard to subdue a budding soaring wild battle for a tax return to the moon. Tongue strongly in cheek, I ask you, how's that for a understanding theory?
Additional References:
Moon Hoax
Bad Astronomy