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1 2001 Seabirds in the South and Central Atlantic 1 SEABIRD OBSERVATIONS FROM THE SOUTH AND CENTRAL ATLANTIC OCEAN, ANTARCTICA TO 30 N, MARCH-APRIL 1998 AND 2000 KAJ KAMPP 1 Kampp K Seabird observations from the South and Central Atlantic Ocean, Antarctica to 30 N, March-April 1998 and Atlantic Seabirds 3(1): Birds were counted in the early austral autumn (mid-march to late April) during two cruises from Ushuaia, Argentina, north to 30 via the Antarctic Peninsula, passing South Georgia, Tristan da Cunha, the Cape Verdes and other islands. Records are summarised as mean number of each species seen per hour within 2 or 4 latitudinal zones. Pelagic birds occurred abundantly north to Tristan da Cunha, whereas they were scarce or very scarce during the remaining part of the two trips. 1 Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark INTRODUCTION The distribution at sea of most pelagic seabirds is still incompletely known. Vessels rarely operate far offshore with the specific aim of studying birds, so most records have been obtained from opportunistic observations onboard ships visiting or passing certain areas for other purposes. Less frequented ocean lanes thus have received the least attention. In addition to the spatial dimension, seabird distributions change over the year, meaning that many 'opportunistic' records must be combined before a full picture for an area or a species can be pieced together. The present report from two almost identical transects, bisecting the Atlantic Ocean from Antarctica to the latitude of Tenerife in the early austral autumn, is intended as one such piece to the puzzle, providing raw material for more specific and/or comprehensive studies in the future. The observations are presented in a semiquantitative way, with some emphasis on latitudinal distribution patterns which seems natural, given the general south-north direction of the voyages. Records are also presented from the southward crossings of the Drake Passage. Maps summarising the existing knowledge of the pelagic distribution of species mentioned in this paper may be found in Harrison (1983, 1987), Marchant & Higgins (1990) and del Hoyo et al. (1992, 1996), among others. Such maps integrate knowledge from throughout the year, however, and may be rather misleading for a particular season. Tickell & Woods (1972) and Bourne
2 2 K. KAMPP Atlantic Seabirds 3(1) Figure 1. The track of Professor Molchanov 18 March 2 May 1998 (GPS positions). Thin lines indicate deviations from the 1998-track during the trip in Localities mentioned in the text are 1) Ushuaia, 2) Antarctic Peninsula, 3) South Orkney, 4) South Georgia, 5) Gough Island, 6) Tristan da Cunha, 7) St. Helena, 8) Ascension, 9) Cape Verde, 10) Tenerife, and 11) Azores. Figuur 1. Route van Professor Molchanov, 18 maart - 2 mei Dunne lijntjes geven de afwijkingen van deze route in 2000 aan. In de tekst genoemde plaatsen zijn 1) Ushuaia, 2) Antarctisch Schiereiland, 3) Zuid Orkney eilande, 4) Zuid-Georgië, 5) Gough, 6) Tristan da Cunha, 7) St. Helena, 8) Ascension, 9) Kaap Verdische Eilanden, 10) Tenerife, and 11) Azoren.
3 2001 Seabirds in the South and Central Atlantic 3 Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans Reuzenalbatros (photo C.J. Camphuysen) & Curtis (1985) gave combined summaries from several voyages covering much of the South Atlantic Ocean, including parts of the area treated in the present report and at least in part from approximately the same season. The Drake Passage was part of the study area of Brown et al. (1975). ITINERARY AND METHODS The observations were made from Professor Molchanov, a refurbished Russian research vessel (2140 t displacement, 72 m in length) during two tourist cruises (Fig. 1) in 1998 and 2000, respectively, from Ushuaia on Tierra del Fuego via the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula to South Georgia, Tristan da Cunha, St. Helena, Ascension, Cape Verde Islands and, in 1998, Tenerife where I disembarked, while Professor Molchanov continued towards the Netherlands. In 2000, when I stayed aboard for the entire cruise, the route from Cape Verde
4 4 K. KAMPP Atlantic Seabirds 3(1) Table 1. Pelagic seabird occurrence (birds per hour) in 2 latitudinal zones of the Drake Passage, March 1998 and Tabel 1. Voorkomen van zeevogels (aantal per uur) in 2 breedtezones in de Drake Passage, maart 1998 en latitudinal zones Total Obs. period (hrs) birds Diomedea exulans D. epomophora D. melanophris D. chrysostoma Phoebetria palpebrata Macronectes giganteus M. halli Fulmarus glacialoides Daption capense Pterodroma lessonii P. brevirostris P. mollis Halobaena caerulea Pachyptila sp Procellaria aequinoctialis Puffinus griseus Oceanites oceanicus Fregetta tropica Pelecanoides sp Catharacta sp went by the Azores, but observations are only reported for the first part north to 30 N. The route of the two voyages deviated slightly also in the southern part, going from Antarctica to South Georgia via Elephant Island in 1998, but via South Orkney in 2000, and in 1998 a detour past Gough was made between South Georgia and Tristan da Cunha. Dates for the various legs of both trips appear from Tables 1-5. Using 10 binoculars, observations were made almost continuously during the day from the top deck (roof of the bridge) so that eye level was about 13 m above the sea. No attempt was made to employ a specific transect width, and most attention was paid to the near surroundings (mostly <200 m from the ship). Absolute bird densities thus cannot be calculated, and neither is it possible to compare numbers between species having different size and flight style; the comparison of abundance between areas for any particular species should not be compromised, however.
5 2001 Seabirds in the South and Central Atlantic 5 Table 2. Pelagic seabird occurrence (birds per hour) in 2 latitudinal zones between the Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia, March 1998 and Tabel 2. Voorkomen van zeevogels (aantal per uur) in 2 breedtezones tussen het Antarctisch Schiereiland en Zuid-Georgië, maart 1998 en latitudinal zones Total Obs. period (hrs) birds Diomedea exulans D. melanophris D. chrysostoma Phoebetria palpebrata Macronectes giganteus M. halli Fulmarus glacialoides Thalassoica antarctica Daption capense Pagodroma nivea Pterodroma brevirostris P. mollis Halobaena caerulea Pachyptila sp Procellaria aequinoctialis Oceanites oceanicus Fregetta tropica Pelecanoides sp Catharacta sp Larus dominicanus Sterna vittata The mean speed of the ship varied between knots (over 4 hours) and most often was 8-10 knots. The visibility was good to excellent in 1998 except for short periods with fog or showers during a few days, while in 2000 visibility was rather poor on most days between Antarctica and 48 S. The Drake Passage was calm in both years, with weak southerly winds. The calm weather continued in 1998 until north of South Georgia, where somewhat fresher winds blew from between north and east, and fairly strong northerly winds prevailed during most days between South Georgia and Tristan da Cunha in North of Tristan we entered the trade winds and experienced moderate to rather strong, easterly winds for the rest of both trips (as far as covered in this report) which hampered observations to some extent, particularly north of Cape Verde.
6 6 K. KAMPP Atlantic Seabirds 3(1) SEABIRD OBSERVATIONS General. Seabirds observed offshore (generally with no land in sight) are summarized in Tables 1-5 as numbers seen per hour within 2 or 4 latitudinal zones. The varying amount of time indicated for each zone is chiefly due to differences in night time and time spent inshore and ashore at islands in the zones. The order and names of species are those of del Hoyo et al. (1992, 1996). For most species the given numbers represent accurate counts of individual birds seen in the zones, but for certain species the numbers are approximate. First, shipfollowing species (albatrosses, fulmarine petrels like Giant Macronectes spp. and Cape Petrels Daption capense, prions Pachyptila spp., Procellaria petrels) cannot always be counted accurately; numbers shown are assumed minima and may in a few cases underestimate actual numbers rather considerably. In case of the Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans, however, which may follow ships for hours, temporarily falling far behind and later catching up again, it is usually easy to keep track of individual birds due to the greatly varying plumage in this species. Second, a few species occasionally occurred in great numbers, and in such situations counts were rather rough and, possibly, low. The most notable example is the Great Shearwater Puffinus gravis in the Gough Tristan da Cunha area (40-36 S, Table 3). Seabirds were generally abundant in the Drake Passage and between Antarctica and Tristan da Cunha, at 37 S. North of Tristan seabird densities decreased dramatically and remained low or very low for the rest of the trip on both voyages. Concordant with the reduced seabird abundance the diversity of species decreased as well, although at a higher taxonomic level the composition of the seabird community became more varied with the appearance of several pelecaniform and charadriiform species and a corresponding diminished dominance of the procellariiforms. The proximity of land (breeding grounds) appears to have influenced the abundance of some of the species shown in Tables 1-5, particularly around Ascension (8 S; Table 4) and Cape Verde (15-17 N; Table 5). Inter-year differences. As a broad generalisation birds were more abundant in 1998 than in 2000 in the rich waters south of Tristan da Cunha (Tables 2-3). This appeared to be a real difference, although the less favourable observation conditions experienced in 2000 probably explain part of it. For some species this meant a somewhat more extended apparent distribution in 1998 compared to 2000; in 2000, for example, there was a gap from S where not a single Fregetta storm-petrel was seen, so the broad overlap of the two species in Table 3 is due solely to observations from For a few species, especially the
7 2001 Seabirds in the South and Central Atlantic 7 Table 3. Pelagic seabird occurrence (birds per hour) in 2 latitudinal zones between South Georgia and Tristan da Cunha, 28 March - 6 April 1998 and 28 March 3 April Tabel 3. Voorkomen van zeevogels (aantal per uur) in 2 breedtezones van Zuid- Georgië tot Tristan da Cunha, 28 maart-6 april 1998, 28 maart - 3 april latitudinal zones Total Obs. period (hrs) birds Diomedea exulans D. epomophora D. melanophris D. cauta D. chlororhynchos D. chrysostoma Phoebetria fusca P. palpebrata Macronectes giganteus M. halli Fulmarus glacialoides Daption capense Pterodroma macroptera P. incerta P. brevirostris P. mollis Halobaena caerulea Pachyptila sp Procellaria cinerea P. aequinoctialis P. (a.) conspicillata Puffinus gravis P. griseus P. assimilis Oceanites oceanicus Pelagodroma marina Fregetta tropica F. grallaria Pelecanoides sp Catharacta sp Stercorarius sp Kerguelen Petrel Pterodroma brevirostris (see below), the distributions in the two years may have been genuinely different. North of Tristan da Cunha, especially between Tristan and St. Helena (16 S), birds occurred very sparsely in both years but nevertheless were not quite so uncommon in 2000 as in All the Great-winged Petrels Pterodroma macroptera between S (Table 4) were seen in 2000, some of them following the ship throughout the day of 4 April. Also following the ship during this and the next two days were several Spectacled Petrels (a taxon
8 8 K. KAMPP Atlantic Seabirds 3(1) Table 4. Pelagic seabird occurrence (birds per hour) in 4 latitudinal zones between Tristan da Cunha and Ascension, 7-15 April 1998 and 4-13 April Tabel 4. Voorkomen van zeevogels (aantal per uur) in 4 breedtezones tussen Tristan da Cunha en Ascension, 7-15 april 1998, 4-13 april latitudinal zones Total Obs. period (hrs) birds Diomedea chlororhynchos Pterodroma macroptera P. incerta Bulweria bulwerii Procellaria aequinoctialis P. (a.) conspicillata Calonectris diomedea Puffinus gravis P. griseus Fregetta grallaria Oceanodroma castro Phaethon aethereus P. lepturus Sula dactylatra S. leucogaster Fregata aquila Stercorarius sp Sterna paradisaea S. fuscata Anous stolidus Gygis alba usually treated as a subspecies of the White-chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis, but according to Ryan (1998) best considered a full species P. conspicillata). Flocks of Spectacled Petrels were also seen sitting on the water at several occasions during this part of the trip. All Sooty Terns Sterna fuscata seen offshore (Tables 4-5) were recorded in In Ascension this species follows a 9.6-month breeding cycle (del Hoyo et al. 1996); it was absent from its breeding grounds in 1998 but present in 2000, where the few nests approached closely contained eggs, and numerous adults and immatures occurred around the island (and one adult was seen just off St. Helena).
9 2001 Seabirds in the South and Central Atlantic 9 Table 5. Pelagic seabird occurrence (birds per hour) in 4 latitudinal zones between Ascension and Tenerife (1998) or the corresponding latitude farther west (2000), 19 April 1 May 1998 and April Tabel 5. Voorkomen van zeevogels (aantal per uur) in 4 breedtezones tussen Ascension en Tenerife (1998) of tot dezelfde breedtegraad verder westwaarts (2000), 19 april-1 mei 1998, april latitudinal zones Total Obs. period (hrs) birds Pterodroma feae Bulweria bulwerii Calonectris diomedea Puffinus assimilis Pelagodroma marina Hydrobates pelagicus Oceanodroma castro Phaethon aethereus Sula dactylatra S. leucogaster Larus fuscus Xema sabini Rissa tridactyla Sterna paradisaea S. fuscata Catharacta sp Stercorarius sp NOTES ON PARTICULAR SPECIES Penguins are rarely seen at sea unless conditions are unusually favourable, and even then they are difficult to identify. An exception is penguins resting on offshore icebergs and floes, but data on these may tell more about the distribution of floating ice than of penguins. During the present two cruises, penguins were seen in great numbers near breeding stations but infrequently offshore, those farthest from land being small flocks of King Aptenodytes patagonicus and Macaroni Penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus up to 520 km northeast of South Georgia. Kerguelen Petrel Pterodroma brevirostris. All except one of 118 birds seen north of South Georgia (Table 3) were recorded in 1998, whereas not a single bird was seen in the Drake Passage that year (10 in 2000, Table 1). This species, and the Soft-plumaged Petrel P. mollis, both breed on Gough and the
10 10 K. KAMPP Atlantic Seabirds 3(1) Tristan group but apparently nowhere else in the South Atlantic (Richardson 1984, Prince & Croxall 1996), and their autumn occurrence far south and west of these islands represents a post-breeding dispersal of these populations and, probably, populations in the southern Indian Ocean. Not a single bird of either species was recorded during five crossings of the Drake Passage in December ( ; own unpubl. data). Cape Verde Petrel Pterodroma feae. This close relative of the Softplumaged Petrel breeds in the Cape Verdes and on Bugio I. off Madeira but appears to be rare, with a combined population estimated at less than 1200 pairs (Zino & Biscoito 1994, Hazevoet 1995). Breeding in the Azores has been suggested, but recent comprehensive surveys have failed to locate the species (Monteiro et al. 1999). All but one of the 9 birds in Table 5 (2 in 1998, 6 in 2000) occurred north of Cape Verde, the northernmost at 20 37'N. Prions Pachyptila spp. All of the rather few prions definitely identified to species (including some found aboard) were Antarctic Prions P. desolata or Broad-billed Prions P. vittata, the former only identified south of 45 S and the latter north hereof. For the status of various prion species in South Georgia, see Prince & Croxall (1996). Westland Petrel Procellaria westlandica. Not seen in 1998 or 2000, but birds having distinct black tips to the beak were seen in the eastern part of the Beagle Channel on 19 and 30 December 1992, and a single black-tipped bird in heavy wing moult was seen at sea farther south, at 55 25'S 65 55'W, on 18 December 1993 (own unpubl. data). The latter bird followed the ship accompanied by a normally looking White-chinned Petrel. These observations appeared very confusing because they were made before I became aware of the paper by Whitney & Stejskal (1992) reporting on the occurrence of Westland Petrel in the area, and pointing out that adults of this species, contrary to Whitechinned Petrels, were likely to show wing moult in November-February. Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus. Only two Sooty Shearwaters were seen outside the Beagle Channel in 1998, in the Gough Tristan da Cunha area. All other records (Tables 1, 3, 4) are from Swinhoe's Storm-petrel Oceanodroma monorhis? Two all-dark stormpetrels were recorded in 1998, on 14 April (13 48'S 8 08'W) and 21 April (3 51'N 19 01'W). The latter was seen close by together with a Madeiran Storm-petrel O. castro and appeared to be of the same size or very slightly smaller. Dark-ru mped storm-petrels ind istinguishable fro m Swinhoe's Stormpetrel began to turn up in Europe and at Salvages (Madeira) in the 1980s, and the existence of an undiscovered population of Swinhoe's Storm-petrel breeding at some unknown location in the North Atlantic has been suggested (Bretagnolle et al. 1991). Dark-rumped storm-petrels have also been recorded from Ascension (Bourne & Simmons 1998).
11 2001 Seabirds in the South and Central Atlantic 11 Subantarctic Skua Catharacta antarctica Subantarctische Grote Jager (photo C.J. Camphuysen) Diving-petrels Pelecanoides spp. The two diving-petrels most likely to encounter along the present transects are Common P. urinatrix and South Georgia Diving-petrel P. georgicus, which are almost impossible to distinguish at sea. One bird found aboard near South Georgia was a Common Diving-petrel, as was probably most of those seen at sea. A total of five birds with very distinct pale tips to the scapulars, hence likely to be South Georgia Diving-petrels, were recorded north of South Georgia at 49 40' 52 40'S, and one south of the island at 56 40'S. Skuas. No Catharacta skuas seen at sea were identified to species, but most likely all seen in the southern hemisphere (Tables 1-3) were Brown Skua C. antarctica, south of 46 S C. a. antarctica and north hereof C. a. hamiltoni, whereas a single bird seen knocking a Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea down on the water at 8 38'N (Table 5) probably was a Great Skua C. skua. Of the 9 Stercorarius skuas seen south of Equator (Tables 3-4), 7 were tentatively
12 12 K. KAMPP Atlantic Seabirds 3(1) or definitely identified as Long-tailed Skuas S. longicaudus and 2 as Arctic Skuas S. parasiticus, while the number recorded north of Equator of these two species was 4 and 6, respectively (Table 5). In addition, three Pomarine Skuas P. pomarinus were seen at 7 19'N, 22 54'N and 23 21'N, respectively (Table 5). Off St. Helena skuas were quite numerous in 2000, and at sunset on 11 and 12 April about 25 settled on the water off the anchorage at Jamestown. The few seen close by were Arctic Skuas. Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea. North-migrating birds were recorded on most days north of Tristan da Cunha (Tables 4-5), as singles or small flocks of up to 8 birds, on two occasions more than 30. The total number recorded was 369, 211 in 1998 and 158 in Not all of them could be identified with certainty, so the possibility that other species (particularly the Common Tern S. hirundo) were also involved cannot be excluded. Land birds recorded at sea have not been considered in this report, but an exception should probably be made in case of the Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis: one bird followed the ship for 20 min on 24 March 1998 south of South Georgia, at 56 07'S 39 01'W, and in the same area (58 02'S 40 13'W) one was seen on 24 March Similar observations have been made previously (Bourne & Curtis 1985), and this remarkable species is now a regular visitor to South Georgia (Prince & Croxall 1996). DISCUSSION The present report is based on two transects only, which implies some obvious limitations in the generalisations that should be made from the data. It may also have its merits, however: observations were made at a specific season, so the picture emerging should represent a snapshot of the 'normal' situation in the covered area during the early austral autumn. This supposition raises the question whether things were in fact 'normal' during the two cruises for example, the voyage in March-April 1998 took place during the waning phase of the strong 1997/98 El Niño event. However, El Niño effects are not known to be marked in the South Atlantic, and with few exceptions differences in seabird distributions between 1998 and 2000 were small and apparently explainable as short-term variations caused by local weather patterns, combined with the difficult observation conditions prevailing during part of the trip in Neither do the presented data suggest any marked anomalies when compared with known distributions as given in the general works quoted in the Introduction. A more detailed comparison can be made with a few transects (South Georgia Tristan da Cunha St. Helena) in Tickell & Woods (1972), although their data were collected 4-6 weeks later in the season, and most of the apparent
13 2001 Seabirds in the South and Central Atlantic 13 discrepancies probably reflect this small but significant seasonal difference. This explanation certainly applies to the absence of Great Shearwater south of Tristan da Cunha in May, and presumably also to the less extreme paucity of birds (albatrosses, Soft-plumaged Petrel) between Tristan and St. Helena in late May (Tickell & Woods l.c.) as compared with early-mid April (this report). A seasonal explanation of the striking absence from the report by Tickell & Woods of Kerguelen Petrel and Little Shearwater appears less obvious, however. The latter species was characterized as regular between S by Bourne & Curtis (1985), in complete agreement with the present report. The Kerguelen Petrel was found to be common south of 40 S by Bourne & Curtis (l.c.), and its sparse occurrence west of South Georgia during the cruise by Jehl et al. (1979) may merely reflect that the species becomes less common towards the west in the South Atlantic. However, a rather variable autumn distribution in the South Atlantic is suggested by the fact that the difference in occurrence between 1998 and 2000 was more marked in the Kerguelen Petrel than in any other species. Perhaps the most anomalous occurrence reported here, at least compared with information in general works, is the presence of Soft-plumaged Petrel in the Drake Passage. However, the species has previously been characterized as abundant there in the austral autumn (Prince & Croxall 1996), and actual records from the Drake Passage south to 60 32'S are given in Brown et al. (1975) and Bourne & Curtis (1985). In conclusion, the latitudinal distributions of seabirds in the South Atlantic Ocean reported in this paper are probably normal for the early autumn. They contain no great surprises but generally confirm previous knowledge and assumptions. The semiquantitative presentation and the degree of detail may hopefully be of use in future work in the area. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Chris Collins and Tony Marr are thanked for good company and helpful advice during the voyage in ZEEVOGELWAAR EMI GE I DE ZUIDELIJKE E CE TRALE ATLA TISCHE OCEAA, VA A TARCTICA TOT 30 B, MAART-APRIL 1998 E 2000 Tijdens twee vaartochten met de Professor Molchanov in 1998 en 2000 vanuit Ushuaia, Argentinië, via het Antarctische schiereiland, langs Zuid-Georgië, Tristan da Cunha, de Kaap-Verdische Eilanden en enkele andere eilanden werden vogels geteld gedurende het begin van de zuidelijke zomer (half maart tot eind april). De waarnemingen zijn in tabellen samengevat als gemiddelden per waarnemingsuur in stroken van 2 tot 4 breedtegraden. In beide jaren waren zeevogels over het algemeen talrijk in de Drake Passage en tussen Antarctica en Tristan da Cunha. Ten noorden van Tristan da Cunha namen de dichtheden sterk af en waren zeevogels (zeer) schaars. Ook de diversiteit nam naar het noorden toe af. De aantallen van sommige soorten werden positief beïnvloed
14 14 K. KAMPP Atlantic Seabirds 3(1) door de nabijheid van hun broedgebieden. In de rijke wateren ten zuiden van Tristan da Cunha waren zeevogels in 1998 talrijker dan in Tussen Tristan da Cunha en St. Helena waren vogels schaars, maar juist in 2000 talrijker. Zo werden in 2000 Langvleugelstormvogels Pterodroma macroptera waargenomen tussen ZB. Ook werden dat jaar verscheidene Brilstormvogels Procellaria conspicillata tussen beide eilanden waargenomen. Het verschil in waarnemingen van de Bonte Stern Sterna fuscata wordt verklaard door de 9.6-maandelijkse broedcyclus; in 1998 toen er niet gebroed werd (ook) ver op zee, in 2000 toen er gebroed werd uitsluitend in de nabijheid van land. Over het algemeen bevestigt de beschreven verspreiding van zeevogels de bestaande kennis en aannames. REFERENCES Bourne W.R.P. & Curtis W.F South Atlantic seabirds. Sea Swallow 34: Bourne W.R.P. & Simmons K.E.L A preliminary list of the birds of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Sea Swallow 47: Bretagnolle V., Carruthers M., Cubitt M., Bioret F.& Cuillandre J-P Six captures of a darkrumped, fork-tailed storm-petrel in the northeastern Atlantic. Ibis 133: Brown R.G.B., Cooke F., Kinnear P.K. & Mills E.L Summer seabird distributions in Drake Passage, the Chilean fjords and off southern South America. Ibis 117: del Hoyo J., Elliott A. & Sargatal J. (eds) Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. del Hoyo J., Elliott A. & Sargatal J. (eds) Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 3. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Harrison P Seabirds, an identification guide. Croom Helm Ltd., Beckenham. Harrison P Seabirds of the world, a photographic guide. Cristopher Helm, London. Hazevoet C.J The birds of the Cape Verde Islands, an annotated check list. British Ornithologists Union Checklist No. 13. Jehl J.R., Todd F.S., Rumboll M.A.E. & D. Schwartz Pelagic birds in the South Atlantic Ocean and at South Georgia in the austral autumn. Gerfaut 69: Marchant S. & Higgins P.J Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic birds. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Monteiro L.R., Ramos J.A., Pareira J.C., Monteiro P.R., Feio R.S., Thompson D.R., Bearhop S., Furness R.W., Laranjo M., Hilton G., Neves V.C., Groz M.P. & Thompson K.R Status and distribution of Fea's Petrel, Bulwer's Petrel, Manx Shearwater, Little Shearwater and Band-rumped Storm-petrel in the Azores Archipelago. Waterbirds 22: Prince P.A. & Croxall J.P The birds of South Georgia. Bull B.O.C. 116: Richardson M.E Aspects of the ornithology of the Tristan da Cunha group and Gough Island, Cormorant 12: Ryan P.G The taxonomic and conservation status of the Spectacled Petrel Procellaria conspicillata. Bird Conservation International 8: Tickell W.L.N. & R.W. Woods Ornithological observations at sea in the South Atlantic Ocean, Br. Antarct. Surv. Bull. 31: Whitney B.M. & Stejskal D.J Procellaria westlandica in the Beagle Channel. Hornero 13: Zino F. & Biscoito M Breeding seabirds in the Madeira archipelago. In: Nettleship D.N., Burger J. & Gochfield M. (eds). Seabirds on Islands. Threats, case studies and action plans. BirdLife Conservation Series, 1: BirdLife International, Cambridge.
15 2001 orthern Gannets found dead in The etherlands 15 NORTHERN GANNETS MORUS BASSA US FOUND DEAD IN THE NETHERLANDS, KEES (C.J.) CAMPHUYSEN 1,2,3 Camphuysen C.J Northern Gannets Morus bassanus found dead in The Netherlands, Atlantic Seabirds 3(1): orthern Gannets are passage migrants in Dutch coastal waters. Ship-based seabird surveys revealed that orthern Gannets occur year-round in the Southern orth Sea, a finding that has been supported by beached bird surveys. Most of the beached orthern Gannets in The etherlands were either oiled, or entangled in fishing gear. Typical patterns of oiling (birds seem to hit the oil mainly during take-off) and types of ropes and fishing gear responsible for most orthern Gannet deaths are described. Oil rates in beached orthern Gannets declined significantly over time, but are still very high (79% in adults and immatures, 47% in juveniles). On the contrary, the frequency of entangled orthern Gannets increased significantly recent years ( %, 1990s 7.5%). In the 1980s, most were entangled in fishnets or in various types of ropes and nylon fibres from trawlers. In the 1990s most entangled orthern Gannets were killed in nylon fish line, normally used by sports anglers. Approximately 450 orthern Gannets are estimated to wash ashore annually. Relatively few juvenile orthern Gannets have been found and the shift in age distribution through the year reflects the age composition of orthern Gannets in the Southern Bight. The Atlantic breeding population has increased during most of the 20 th century and in accordance with that, numbers of orthern Gannets recorded during seawatching have increased over the past 30 years. These trends are not reflected in orthern Gannet strandings, the frequency of which seems to have declined markedly after the late 1940s and have been stable over the last 30 years. 1 Dutch Seabird Group, working group Beached Bird Surveys (NZG/NSO), Ankerstraat 20, 1794 BJ Oosterend, Texel, The Netherlands, 2 CSR Consultancy, Oosterend, Texel, 3 Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands INTRODUCTION Northern Gannets Morus bassanus are passage migrants in Dutch coastal waters (Camphuysen 2001). In coastal waters, numbers gradually increase after March and Northern Gannets reach peak abundance in autumn (Sep-Nov; Camphuysen & Van Dijk 1983; Platteeuw et al. 1994; Camphuysen 2001). From ship-based seabird surveys it was demonstrated that Northern Gannets occur year-round in the Southern Bight, but in variable numbers, with peaks in February/March and in August-November (Camphuysen & Leopold 1994; Stone et al. 1995).
16 16 C.J. CAMPHUYSEN Atlantic Seabirds 3(1) Northern Gannets, N 53.0N 52.5N 52.0N 51.5N 2 1 NORTH SEA SOUTHERN BIGHT Delta area 3 4 Zeeland 5 Hondsbossche Zeewering Mainland coast Zuid- Holland Wadden Sea isles * Noord- Holland IJsselmeer THE NETHERLANDS 20 Friesland Groningen none less than BELGIUM 4.0E 5.0E 6.0E Figure 1. Study area, 27 subregions along the orth Sea coast and in the Wadden Sea area (see Table 1 for site names), as well as the location of the constant effort site Hondsbossche Zeewering (* near-daily counts ) and average densities of orthern Gannets based on beached bird surveys Figuur 1. Studiegebied, 27 deelgebieden langs de oordzeekust en in het Waddengebied (zie Tabel 1), met daarbij de ligging van de Hondsbossche Zeewering (*) waar tussen 1988 en 2000 vrijwel dagelijks werd geteld en gemiddelde dichtheden Jan-van-genten op basis van stookolieslachtoffertellingen Most of the world population of Northern Gannets nests in Europe (Tasker 1994) and it may be assumed that substantial numbers migrate through the Southern Bight towards wintering areas in the Bay of Biscay and along the
17 2001 orthern Gannets found dead in The etherlands 17 African west coast (Cramp & Simmons 1977). It is therefore of interest to monitor the well being of these Northern Gannets and to identify the scale and any trends in mortality patterns and causes of death, for example by means of beached bird surveys (BBS). This paper reviews the results of 30 years of systematic beached bird surveys in The Netherlands. METHODS This analysis includes BBS results collected between 1970 and 2000 on all Dutch North Sea coasts and in the Wadden Sea (Fig. 1). BBS are conducted on foot, walking the tide-line with one or more people, recording and describing every corpse. Standard notes include details on the presence of oil on the feathers, or other obvious causes of death such as entanglements or injury, and the state of the corpse (fresh, old, very old, complete or disintegrated; cf. Camphuysen & Heubeck 2001). To avoid double counts during subsequent surveys, corpses were marked by clipping the primaries of the wings. Twenty-seven subregions were used, 15 along the North Sea, 12 within the Wadden Sea. Within those subregions, data were collected on a smaller scale (108 standard, numbered, stretches of variable length, mean ± SD length 6.5 ± 3.7 km, max 18 km length). Total coast length was 706 km, of which 381 km (54%) was along the North Sea shore. BBS were organised so that as many coastal stretches as possible were v isited at least monthly. Reg ional coordinators were responsible for the precise planning of surveys, which were mainly organised between November and April and with lower frequency in the rest of the year. Results were usually presented as 'densities' (n found per km surveyed; n km -1 ). The data comes from 6533 surveys, of which 5126 were conducted in winter (Nov-Apr), 1407 in summer (May-Oct; Table 1), and of which 4732 were performed along the North Sea coast and 1801 in the Wadden Sea (Table 2). The latter area was not adequately surveyed between 1974 and Part of the Noord-Holland mainland coast, an 8 km long stretch of dike and sandy beach between Camperduin and St Maartenszee, has been surveyed on a near-daily basis since This 'constant-effort-site' was used to estimate the daily stranding rate of corpses km -1 and from that the total number of Northern Gannets washing ashore per year. Northern Gannets were aged by using plumage characteristics and grouped in six (plumage 1-5, and adults) or three categories (first year birds, immatures and adults). Plumage types 1-5 were taken from Fig. 2 in Nelson (1978). Of the nine immature stages depicted there, type 1 was represented by the first, type 2 by the second, fourth and fifth, type 3 by the third, sixth and
18 18 C.J. CAMPHUYSEN Atlantic Seabirds 3(1) Table 1. Subregions used for the analysis of beached bird surveys (1-27, see Fig. 1), their location along the orth Sea coast (S) or in the Wadden Sea area (W), the number of standard stretches (n = 108), total coast length in km (total 706 km), and number of surveys (counts) and coverage (km) in winter ( ov-apr) and summer (May-Oct) surveys since Table 1. Deelgebieden gebruikt voor de analyse van olieslachtoffertellingen (1-27, zie Fig. 1), hun ligging langs de oordzeekust (S) of in het Waddengebied (W), het aantal standaard-trajecten (stretches; n = 108), de kustlengte per deelgebied in km (totaal 706 km), en het aantal sinds 1969 uitgevoerde tellingen (counts) en de daarbij afgelegde afstand (km) in winter (nov-apr) en zomer (mei-okt). winter summer # subregion stretches km counts km counts km 1 Zeeuws Vlaanderen S Walcheren S Schouwen S Goeree S Voorne-Maasvlakte S Zuid-Holland S Noord-Holland Z S Noord-Holland M S Noord-Holland N S Texel strand S Vlieland strand S Terschelling strand S Ameland strand S Schiermonnikoog strand S Rottum S Texel wad W Vlieland wad W Griend W Terschelling wad W Ameland wad W Schiermonnikoog wad W Balgzand W Afsluitdijk W Friese kust W W Friese kust O W Groninge kust W W Groningse kust O W
19 2001 orthern Gannets found dead in The etherlands 19 Table 2. Annual observer effort (number of counts and total km surveyed) in beached bird surveys along the orth Sea coast or in the Wadden Sea area, Table 2. Jaarlijkse waarnemingsinspanning (aantal tellingen en totaal afgelegde afstand in km) tijdens olieslachtoffertellingen langs het oordzeestrand en in het Waddengebied, North Sea coast Wadden Sea coast counts km surveyed Counts km surveyed Totals sample 31 25* *1978 and 1979 not recognised as adequate samples
20 20 C.J. CAMPHUYSEN Atlantic Seabirds 3(1) seventh, type 4 by the eighth and type 5 by the ninth. Ageing was standardised only in 1977 and all detailed data on the age of Northern Gannets were derived from surveys since The age composition was compared with that found during seawatching in The Netherlands ( ; Camphuysen & Van Dijk 1983; Platteeuw et al. 1994; and NZG/CvZ unpubl. data) and with data collected during ship-based seabird surveys at sea in Dutch waters (51-56 N, 2-8 E; Camphuysen & Leopold 1994; ESAS database, unpubl. data). The most comprehensive data were collected in winter (Nov-Apr). Trends in annual winter oil rates (fraction of birds oil contaminated of all birds found) were estimated after logit-transformation by fitting a linear trend on annual oil rates by least-squares estimation (methods follow Camphuysen 1995, 1997). The significance of r was assessed after converting it to a t value (Fowler & Cohen 1986). Annual oil rates were calculated only if at least 10 complete, relatively fresh corpses were found of which the oiling was recorded (29 out of 31 winter seasons since 1969). Trends in the frequency of entanglements were treated similarly. RESULTS Review of strandings, Between January 1970 and December 2000, 1413 dead Northern Gannets were found. Of all Northern Gannets, 50.4% were found as 'fresh' or 'rather fresh' corpses, 38.0% were recorded as being 'old' and 8.0% were 'very old'. These Northern Gannets were all intact and suitable for examination of oiling. In addition, 3.6% were described as incomplete corpses (often just pairs of wings). Annual fluctuations in densities are minor (mean ± SD ± km -1, range km -1, n = 31; Fig. 2) and there have not been any mass strandings of Northern Gannets in The Netherlands in this study period. At constant effort site Hondsbossche Zeewering, 93 Northern Gannets were found between 1988 and 2000, a daily rate of km -1, or approximately one km -1 year -1. Seasonal pattern and age composition Northern Gannets wash ashore yearround, but with a slightly higher density between November and January (Fig. 3). Between January and May, over 80% of the Northern Gannets found dead were in adult plumage (86.3% adult, n = 606 aged individuals). Immatures increased proportionally in June, peaked in July and August and gradually declined again during autumn. Juveniles (i.e. black-headed, first year individuals) were most commonly found between September and November (17.5%, n = 189) and were near absent in late spring and early summer (Apr-Jun 2.1%, n = 97; Fig. 4). Of 158 immatures aged in further detail, 44.3% were plumage type 2, 33.5% were type 3, 19.0% were type 4, and 3.2% were type 5.
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Oil spills are one of the worst man made environmental hazards that occur. Unfortunately, the affects of oil spills not only damage pristine beaches, oil spills also harm and kill wild animals. One of the worst oil spills in history was the Exxon Valdez spill. However, in the last few years, there have been damaging spills as well.
In 2011, nearly 2,000 tons of oil spilled from a cargo vessel off the coast of New Zealand. This spill resulted in mumerous penguins, cormorants and seabirds being coated in oil. Marine mammals were also affected.
One of the worst recent spills in the United States was the BP Gulf oil spill. According to some sources, over 7,000 animals, including several species of birds and turtles, died as a result of exposure to oil.
When oil coats a bird, it renders the bird unable to fly. It also irritates the skin. As the bird attempts to preen, it ingests oil that will evenutally cause the bird's death.
Marine mammals affected by oil spills are at risk of inhaling the oil into their lungs. They may also develop skin and eye ulcerations. Large oil spills have been known to affect the migratory patterns of some whale species.
Want to know more? Go ahead: Ship Captain Seeks License After Oil Spill


text:
Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook is a book appearing in Deus Ex. It is an US Army publication dealing with the medical consequence of a biological attack.
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
... In addition to their detrimental health effects on the targeted population, biological warfare agents would likely cause significant impacts on the medical care system. Massive numbers of patients and demands for intensive care would overwhelm medical resources. Special medications or vaccines not generally available in standard pharmaceutical stocks would be required. Medical care providers and laboratory personnel might need added protection, and autopsy and interment of remains could present hazards not commonly dealt with...


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Pictures dont exactly do these blondies justice. With no frosting or any of the usual studded chocolate chips, or dried fruits, these blondies look plainer than Jane. But underneath that simple exterior, these blondies sure packed up a HUGE deal in the flavour department. There might not be any visible embellishment in these brownies, but take a bite into it and be prepared to be pleasantly greeted with a creamy and textured experience in the fo … Read More
via Crustabakes
This took a while coming. First reblog in a while!


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Forms Jobs
The Cadet Program of the Winston-Salem Police Department.
*Applications for the 2017 Fall Semester is due no later than April 1, 2017*
Winston-Salem Police Department Cadet Program: Get paid while attending college, (including books, fees, and tuition), with full-time employment with the Winston-Salem Police Department.
If interested complete the Cadet Initial Application:
Cadet Initial Application [pdf/102kb]
For more information please contact Recruiting at 336-773-7925 or toll free 1-877-777-WSPD or email at email@example.com.
Receive E-Mail Notification When New Information is Posted on this PageAs a member, enjoy the benefits of MyCityofWS, including your choice of newsletters, and notifications about events and site updates. Login and Manage Your Subscriptions Now.


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Let me introduce myself. My name is Mark Sisson. I'm 63 years young. I live and work in Malibu, California. In a past life I was a professional marathoner and triathlete. Now my life goal is to help 100 million people get healthy. I started this blog in 2006 to empower people to take full responsibility for their own health and enjoyment of life by investigating, discussing, and critically rethinking everything we've assumed to be true about health and wellness...Tell Me More
Primal Toad is up to his old antics, offering yet another massive health ebook bundle. Buy Harvest Your Health for just $37 and get 71 health and wellness ebooks from 65 different authors.
Despite the cynical naysayers, research into non-celiac gluten sensitivity marches onward.
It turns out the last 40 years of federal research into nutrition has been fatally flawed. You don't say?
That "extra" hour of sleep might make all the difference in the world. Compared to getting six and a half hours of sleep, getting seven and a half hours downregulates the genes responsible for stress, inflammation, and the immune response (and you can't make up for all the sleep you missed during the week by oversleeping on the weekend, unfortunately).
As I understand it, most other parts of the country experience cold weather during winter. If you're looking for a nice cold weather minimalist shoe or boot option, take a look at this list.
Meet Tippi Degre, daughter to two French nature photographers and best friend to an elderly elephant. For her first ten years, she was raised entirely in the wild. Nice childhood, huh?
Look what happens when you cart a class of urban-living kids out to nature to explore, climb things, get their hands dirty, and eat raw prawns plucked straight from the sea: they don't just discover an entirely new physical environment, they discover skills, talents, and an enthusiasm for learning they never knew they had. Who knew?
Chris Kaman and Robert Sacre recently teamed up to purchase an entire grass-fed cow for their personal consumption. Maybe there's hope for the Lakers after all.
This piece by the NY Times artfully illustrates both why you want to eat Nacho Doritos and why you don't.
"There was something weird about the burgers being sold in cafeterias this year": they were made entirely of beef. School officials, of course, had to switch back to the processed, additive-laden patties because the real ones weren't being eaten.
The Paleo Primer authors Matt Whitmore and Keris Marsden recently appeared on the Not Just Paleo podcast. Go give it a listen.
Calling all Primal doctors: Get listed on PrimalDocs.com today for free, and save 10% on a featured membership when you use coupon code mda10.
One year ago (Oct 13 – Oct 19)
Don't drive and use a phone. Don't walk and text. Don't cook and text. We multitask ourselves into other people's lanes, through stop signs, into walls, and into many other less lethal mishaps all the time. That breaks Primal Rule 8: Avoid Trauma. For everybody's sake, pull over to Shazam that song. It isn't worth rear-ending somebody because you can't decide if its Tears for Fears or Orchestral Maneuvers in the Dark.
– Well said, Rhonda the Red. You describe an extremely basic danger of excessive connectedness, perhaps the most important one of all. Also, the correct answer is Orchestral Maneuvers in the Dark, of course.
If you'd like to add an avatar to all of your comments click here!
21 Comments on "Weekend Link Love – Edition 265"
OTOH, we have yet another NYTimes writer who seems to believe fat is bad.
I could easily eat myself into obesity (again) with sweet potato chips/fries cooked in coconut oil and topped with garlic salt! At least there is nutrition involved. 🙂
Made myself Sweet Potato, Parsnip & Carrot chips (we call them crisps here in the UK), deep fried in pork lard last night – a little sea salt – Awesome!
Another awesome Link Love. I can't wait for what Tippi Degre has to say when she gets a bit older. Growing up in the San Fernando valley in the 50's and 60's and then looking at Tippi in the wild, almost had me in tears.
Thanks for the green tea jelly recipe. Will test promptly and then have something nice to bring to next years Jello Art Show.
Yay for studies that tell the truth!!!
Wow! I loved those photos of Tippi Degre.
Why are all the boots so ugly? Okay, the Otz aren't too bad, but the rest? Ugh. Fortunately it doesn't snow much here so I'm fine in sneakers most of the time.
Dehydrated bone broth sounds awesome. How much of the beneficial nutrients/compounds get destroyed in the excessive heating and drying process though?
Seems like when companies take things out of a product, they double the price. Take all of the structure out of a shoe and make it ugly, it now costs at least $150.
Anybody else notice that Kashi doesn't talk about fiber in their commercials anymore? Now its protein. Makes me wonder if their marketing department avidly reads Marks Daily Apple and Robb Wolf's site to stay ahead of the game. Next they will be advertising how it is good for your gut flora haha
I love the pictures of Tippi. But if you read the only text, she is now 22 years old. What is the rest of her story? Was she able to live in the modern world? What is she doing now?
Next to biscuits (cookies), getting enough sleep is my nemesis!
So, in a school full of teachers, no one managed to explain to kids why their different-looking real beef patties are actually *normal* or enlighten them on the practices (pink slime, ammonia washing, a thousand cows mixed into one sausage/burger/wiener) used to produce their beloved evenly-coloured overprocessed foodlike product?
Half my mind is stunned, the other half remembers Jamie Olivers failed* pink slime chicken nugget demonstration…
* failed in the US, in the UK it did the trick.
Amazing what kids get interested in if you remove them from an environment with video games, televisions and iPads for a few hours.
This is a good point. My kiddo unfortunately gets stuck in the house all day watching TV and playing games while I am at work. I always get him out of the house when I come home to do something outside.
I take him hiking and bring with me "good" clean snacks instead of the canned goods.
About the comment of the week: working in the ER I'd say that at least half of the trauma patients that come in are preventable.
Thanks for the link to my podcast MDA!
I am excited to receive and review the Paleo Primer on my show.


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Religious goods store
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Gods material shop)
|Religious goods store
Malaysian Chinese religious goods shop
|Chinese name
|Literal meaning
|god/spirit material shop/store
|Malay name
|Kedai Alat-alat Sembahyang
(prayer instrument store)
A religious goods store or religious supplies shop is a store specializing in supplying materials used in the practice of Chinese folk religion, Taoism and Chinese Buddhism.[1][2]
These shops are abundant in Chinese areas, from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, to Malaysia (places where a majority of the inhabitants are Chinese, such as Muar, Batu Pahat, Melaka, Ipoh, Klang and Penang), and several Chinatowns. Similar shops - but specialising in paper toys along with joss paper (神料纸扎用品), can be found at Hàng Mã Street in Hanoi, Vietnam. Such shops also exist in Vancouver.[3]
Items for sale[edit]
- Statues representing buddhas, bodhisattvas, and shens (gods).
- Incense sticks.
- Joss paper and more contemporary joss paper like Hell bank notes.
- Spirit tablets.
Malaysian Chinese and Indian Prayer Material Shop in Penang's Market Street (Little India district).
See also[edit]
- Ancestor worship
- Chinese folk religion
- Chinese mythology
- Devotional articles
- Feng Shui
- Religion in China
- ^ 南昌市志 - Volume 7 - Page 16 南昌市地方志编纂委员会 - 1997 "纸扎业旧时,南昌总镇坡有一条纸扎街, 10 多家纸扎店生意兴隆,除了扎灯笼外,最多的是扎纸人、纸马、纸箱、纸屋、纸车、纸轿等,办丧事的人家都要购买这些纸扎品去焚烧。随着丧事简办的推行,南昌市内只有几家出售花圏的商店。"
- ^ 臺港澳大辭典 - Page 737 《臺港澳大辭典》編委會 - 1992 ".纸扎冥品业纸扎行业在澳门是一门古老的行业,其间的发展一直受到科学进步、思想文明的冲击而日渐衰落. ... 全澳售卖纸扎冥品及中国拜 场,只有 5 家,这类工场的 陈少伟见[朝阳日报]条,神用品的纸料店现有 50 多家,其中纸扎品的扎作工 ..."
- ^ Frommer's Vancouver and Victoria 2010 Donald Olson - 2010 "Buddha Supply Centre Want money to burn? At Chinese funerals, people burn joss—paper replicas of earthly belongings—to help make the afterlife for the deceased more comfortable. This shop has more than 500 combustible products to "
|This religion-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
|This article about retailing is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
Monday, July 25, 2011
MINDBODY Powers SpaFinder
San Luis Obispo-based MINDBODY, the developer of online software for the health and wellness industry, reported Friday that SpaFinder is using its software for its online booking engine. Financial details of the deal were not announced. The two said that SpaFinder has been displaying MINDBODY's inventory of fitness, Yoga, Pilates, and martial art studios on the site since February, but just added online booking last week. MINDBODY is venture backed by Bessemer Venture Partners, Catalyst Investors, the Pasadena Angels, Tech Coast Angels and Frontera Capital. SpaFinder operates a marketing service which helps connect consumers with spas and other wellness facilities.


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Texas is a state in the United States of America. It is widely known for many residents' "Cowboy" nature and its ranches. The people from Texas, or Texans, have a strong accent. Major General George S. Hammond is a proud Texan.
Known LocationsEdit
- Austin State College
- Amarillo
- Brooks City Air Force Base
- Houston
- Lackland Air Force Base
- San Antonio
- University of Houston
- University of Texas


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Bat tattoo took its name from the bats, which were considered good omens in Rokugan. The tattoo granted the Tattooed Monk greater reflexes when activated. [1]
People known to have this Tattoo Edit
- ↑ Way of the Dragon, p. 43
|This Dragon Clan related article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


text:
The Perception of Visual Information
The presentation and interpretation of visual information is essential to almost every activity in human life and most endeavors of modern technology. This book examines the current status of what is known (and not known) about human vision, how human observers interpret visual data, and how to present such data to facilitate their interpretation and use. Written by experts who are able to cross disciplinary boundaries, the book provides an educational pathway through several models of human vision; describes how the visual response is analyzed and quantified; presents current theories of how the human visual response is interpreted; discusses the cognitive responses of human observers; and examines such applications as space exploration, manufacturing, surveillance, earth and air sciences, and medicine. The book is intended for everyone with an undergraduate-level background in science or engineering with an interest in visual science. This second edition has been brought up to date throughout and contains a new chapter on "Virtual reality and augmented reality in medicine."
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Chanel.com has the entire line, including edition Blanche....my favorite. but anyhow....Chanel.com look under allure homme sport.
Me too, on the BN withdrawals. Fragantica just doesn't cut the mustard with me. I like it here, i like the interface, i'm glad we're up and running again, so I can have my "fix"
Just now recovering from BN withdrawal symptoms 8-). Anyway, thanks for the welcomes, Scent-imental and Marais 8-).
Welcome and ramble away; some of us still have a decent attention span and some of those who don't are fast readers
Don't be hard on yourself Wheelman, i like reading the blogs, and contribute a fair amount of rambling meanderings myself. Musings, comparisons, novice reviews from my untrained nose. It's a fun way to record my thinking. Thumbs up
Testing the comment facility. And noting that this blog entry doesn't really flow like I would like, as a reread 4 hours after posting showed me. Just a word change here and there, maybe a change of tense, would have made it much better. Note to self: don't be so d*&^ quick on the trigger 8-).
Basenotes is an online guide to perfume and fragrance, featuring news, a database of fragrances, perfume glossary, fragrance forums, user reviews and more.


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online shopping clothes designer shopping in spain This is a results game, you should look at results above all else.
Maybe Nathan Jones has the answer.
Interesting how Bloom 'looks beyond results'.
This is a results game, you should look herve leger outlet uk at results above all else.
Maybe Nathan Jones has the answer.
Shop For designer shopping in spain Authentic Discount 2014 Germany designer shopping in spain It does not mean a new manager is going to do any better.
Some people seem to think it is a panacea, it isn't.
Be grateful we have a team, a stadium, a training facility to rival any and a promising future.
The long term is good , just bear with the short term blip.
But who would women's ugg slippers on sale want to come here at the moment, and that is the MOST worrying thing considering the facilities etc.
Will the sponsors be happy to carry on sponsoring us if we drop to division one.
Will the TV companys be interested in putting BHA v CRAWLEY on the box.
What size crowds will turn out and how many pies etc will be sold.
The hermes wallets men long term should be good, as long as this blip in our progress to the top doesn't turn into a cardiac arrest if you know what I mean.
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Hyypia needs to get us to mid table safety this season, once done, he should then start to work on his plans to sort this squad out, and I mean before the season ends.
Hyypia has the backing of Bloom today, and if we get safley in mid table that support will see him thru, but Bloom will also have to support Hyypia come the summer window.
We are in a season that sees us paying out record sums in wages, but the return on that expendidture is at the lowest end in terms of accomplishment, that is a foul up.
'The cost herve leger sale authentic of our squad this year, in terms of salaries, is higher that it has ever been in our history.
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Thank you Tony,that more or less guarantees us relegation,but it doesnt matter it not only about results.
OK keep Sami but sack Burke and Barber so we can start with a clean sheet and a Manager that we can fully blame if things go wrong.
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Best place to take an Instagram photo of dessert with bad lighting
South Granville's Cheesecake Etc. is known for its dim lighting and jazz-club ambiance. The moody atmosphere, paired with hushed conversations, is cozy and inviting. Everything goes well until your cheesecake with strawberry sauce or chocolate cheesecake drizzled with caramel sauce and toasted pecans arrives. How the hell do you take a photo of this masterpiece in this kind of lighting without bothering your neighbours (i.e., using your iPhone's flashlight to brighten the dish)? It wouldn't hurt to get a bit more light than a flickering tea candle—no?


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This hotel, built in traditional Cycladic style, is located in the south coast of the island, approximately 50 metres from the famous beach of Perissa. Fira is around 18km from the hotel, where guests will find a more lively and touristic atmosphere with a variety of bars and taverns of local character. The hotel offers a friendly service along with a comfortable stay that will guarantee a memorable holiday.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
Individual airconditioned


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February 10, 2016
Wildrose statement on Auditor General's report: Treasury Board and Finance
Today, Wildrose Shadow Finance Minister Derek Fildebrandt released the following statement concerning the Auditor General's review of financial policies and practices at the Department of Treasury Board and Finance.
"During a time of record debt and deficits, the government is inexplicably costing Albertans tens-of-millions to hundreds-of-millions of dollars in mismanagement. This can no longer be tolerated.
"Today's findings raise several questions on whether or not tax dollars are being properly handled. The government has known a problem exists for the past 12 years and requests to fix it have been consistently denied.
"Best practices need to be immediately implemented to see more interest on cash accrued, fewer bank accounts and attached costs, and less financial burden as a result of this government's record debt load.
"Manual reconciliation needs to be modernized to prevent public servants' time from being wasted and provide accurate and timely cash positions.
"And the government should immediately switch policies to issue more electronic fund transfers instead of cheques. It is frankly outrageous that this department does not provide the oversight across government in this regard.
"We thank the Auditor General for his work and hope the NDP will implement these changes."


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Collection by Gustavo Pernía
Venice Biennale 2012: Architecture Review
The 13th Venice Architecture Biennale, directed by David Chipperfield and titled Common Ground, closed on 25th November 2012, attracting 178,000 visitors. Here's a selection of some of the most interesting installations.
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Dining with Oetker Collection is a journey of inventiveness and passion, recognised with no less than eight Michelin stars. The views are stellar too from the Côte D'Azur to the Indian Ocean. Lounges epitomise casual chic and the bars are the quintessence of traditional elegance or exuberant contemporary design.
Epicure leads the host of gastronomic accolades with three Michelin stars in Paris.
From elegant traditions on Cap d'Antibes to intimate, club-like atmosphere in London.


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Is it just me? I quit posting on here or even bothering with this site. I ask questions I get no help, I post I get nothing. What's a community when know one communicates. I'm
Moving to a different site (preggie) their active & it's an app. I hope everyone to the best! Peace!
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Hello, the name is Mara, but i go by Nikki, I'm a 25 year old SAHM, Married to my high school sweetheart, we've been blessed with 3 beautiful kids, Chloe(6) Michael(4) Myles(2).


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Chris Knight
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24 June 1960, Slaughters, Kentucky, USA. Country singer-songwriter Knights rural upbringing in the backwoods of Kentucky is reflected in his grittily honest tales of small town working men and women far from the bright lights of Nashville. Knight began writing songs as a teenager, inspired by the maverick creative talents of Steve Earle and John Prine, but any thoughts of a career in music were put on the backburner while he completed an agriculture degree at Western Kentucky University. He began playing in small bars while holding down a day job in land reclamation, before a working trip to Nashville in 1991 saw him land a publishing contract with Blue Water Music.
After several more years on the bar circuit, Knight finally earned a recording contract with the major label MCA Records. His self-titled debut was released to widespread acclaim in 1998, with many critics comparing the album favourably to Earles classic Guitar Town....
- MatchChris Knight
- 100%Reckless Kelly
- 69%Ryan Bingham
- 62%Cross Canadian Ragweed
- 61%Turnpike Troubadours
- 60%Robert Earl Keen
- 59%Hayes Carll
- 58%Ray Wylie Hubbard
- 53%James McMurtry
- 53%James McMurtry and the Heartless Bastards
- 53%Jerry Jeff Walker


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But he might want to consider that notion as a good thing.
Since the Browns returned as an NFL expansion outfit in 1999, the franchise has carried the flag for how not to build a winning franchise.
It has bungled draft picks, revolved quarterbacks, changed coordinators, overhauled the front office and now, with Butch Davis' resignation this week, will embark on a new approach that will flank the coach with a strong, personnel-oriented general manager.
"We have to get this right," Lerner said, alluding to his GM search, which he says will be a bigger key than who the next coach will be for the Browns.
The days of a coach-GM hybrid wielding all the power, as Davis got when he replaced two-year coach Chris Palmer in 2001, are over for the Browns. Already, hot names such as Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome and New England Patriots personnel director Scott Pioli are speculated as dream candidates.
If not Newsome or Pioli, then someone like them with a knack for spotting talent.
Lerner could have come to this conclusion earlier, and at a much cheaper cost. But in January, he extended Davis' contract for two years, with the power clause, and he reportedly will pay the coach/GM the remaining $12 million due on the deal.
"In retrospect, since it didn't work out, it certainly doesn't seem like a great move on my part," Lerner says. "My goal was to stabilize the situation."
The most stable thing about the Browns in recent years has been the passionate fan base.
"I remember being at that last game in '95, seeing the people in the stands with tears in their eyes," says Doug Dieken, the former tackle who now serves as radio analyst for the club, referring to the finale before the old Browns moved to Baltimore. "You just want to see the fans have the product that they deserve."
Since the 1999 start-up year, the Browns have yet to draft a player selected to the Pro Bowl. With then-president Carmen Policy and his ex-San Francisco 49ers understudy Dwight Clark atop the front office, the Browns blew it in choosing Tim Couch over Donovan McNabb with the No. 1 pick overall, and the pattern of blunders continued to the next regime.
Under Davis' watch, the Browns went for defensive tackle Gerard Warren in 2001 rather than Richard Seymour, now a Patriots star, and took running back William Green in 2002 rather than Clinton Portis, a two-time 1,500-yard rusher.
And those were the misses with the high picks, to say nothing of minimal impact from latter-round choices.
Says Dieken, "You've got to have more than one voice, in regards to making the crucial decisions."
That will be at the foundation of the model for the yet-to-be-revamped-again Browns, perhaps better late than never.
Special attention: Antonio Gates may have entered the NFL under the radar screen last year as an undrafted free agent who didn't play college football. But with his breakout season, the San Diego Chargers phenom can't pay to be overlooked — by defenses.
Gates, who has 69 catches, is threatening to become just the third tight end to lead the league in receptions since the 1970 merger.
"The No. 1 thing I am getting used to seeing is a bracket," Gates says, alluding to double coverage he is drawing. "Or even their best corner. I think most defenses try their best not to match me up with a linebacker. ... If I am not bracketed, I'm getting jammed up at the line with man coverage and a safety over the top."
Hot corner: Champ Bailey, considered by many as the league's best cornerback, was burned by Oakland Raiders receiver Jerry Porter for two TDs and a 52-yard catch in the Denver Broncos' loss Sunday. Broncos coach Mike Shanahan doesn't sound worried. "That's life in the big lanes," Shanahan said. "We are still going to isolate him a lot on the best receiver, and sometimes they are going to make some plays."
Quick slants: Cincinnati Bengals coach Marvin Lewis reiterated this week that re-signing running back Rudi Johnson, who rushed for a career-high 202 yards Sunday, remains a priority. Johnson is in the last year of his contract, but talks for a new deal have been slow. Another runner in his contract year who has helped his stock: Derrick Blaylock. In three games as the Kansas City Chiefs' fill-in for an injured Priest Holmes, Blaylock has rushed for 401 yards with a 6.7-yard average gain. ... Buffalo Bills emerging star Willis McGahee, who has purchased more than 100 tickets for family and friends to witness his homecoming game at Miami on Sunday, has rushed for seven touchdowns in five games. Before McGahee hit pay dirt, the Bills had gone nine games without a rushing score.


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BY TERRY Terrybly Shine Lipgloss - 10 Flamenco Desire
By Terry Gloss Terrybly Shine - 10 Flamenco Desire
Refresh your SS15 makeup bag with the lipstick trend that's on everyone's lips. In 10 Flamenco Desire, this Terrybly Shine Gloss from By Terry adds a splash of new season postbox red to your pout. The replenishing active extracts guarantee immediate hydration and a stunning glow.
How to Wear it
A swipe of this striking red gloss and a curl in your hair - you've mastered that retro sixties look.Colour: 10 Flamenco Desire.


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I was having a productive day until a friend of mine sent me the following famous quote from C. S. Lewis in God in the Dock: Essays on Theology and Ethics, which appeared today (11/1) in the Wall Street Journal on page A17. Now I'm all riled up and I won't get any more work done. [Read More…]
"But it's for your own good." C. S. Lewis on tyranny
November 1, 2013 by 16 Comments


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She Was So Pretty ( 2016 )
Watch And Download Full Movies Online 100% Free
Ratings: IMDB: N/A Metascore: N/A RT: N/A
Released: June 24, 2016
Runtime: 92 mins
Genres: Horror
Countries: USA
Director: Brooke Ewing
Actors: Chris Parsons Elvis McComas Jerry Larew Whitlee Flinn
She Was So Pretty: Valerie Vestron, is looking for a vacation from her life. Her friends have a plan to get her out of the house and get her to a secluded cabin. They plan to
throwback some beer, and unwind, for the weekend, but they get more than they bargained for.
Player 1
Player 2
Player 3
Player 4


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Designers - IAM by Ileana Makri - Earrings
IAM by Ileana Makri
Mini Rainbow Studs
Mini rainbow shaped pair of studs in yellow gold with colourful zircon stones.
Material: 10K Yellow gold plated Sterling silver with multi coloured zircons.
(Note: Cubic Zirconia is synthetic compared to Zircon, which is a natural gem)
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