text: Combining satellite and PMR cuts costs and complexity20 May 2013 02:51 PM Bringing satellite and PMR networks together has been possible for a decade or more but the cost has been prohibitive, the quality poor and the systems complex to set up. Thanks to advances in satellite and PMR base station technology, those barriers have now gone away, Eric Devalo of Cassidian, tells George MalimThe concept is straightforward and well-established. Picture a scene involving a disaster at a remote location where cellular coverage is poor and fixed connections are unavailable. Communications are needed to enable workers at the location to communicate with each other and back to the headquarters network and systems. It's logical, therefore, that the emergency service brings a base station with it – perhaps attached to a mobile command vehicle. That base station can then establish coverage – typically PMR – in the local area and a satellite connection back to base.'It's not something really new, the combination has been there for quite some time but it has changed in the last 18 months,' explains Eric Davalo, Head of Portfolio and Technology Authority for Cassidian Security Solutions. 'We've brought Tetrapol and TETRA PMR products to market. In TETRA, pico base stations have significant power, but are very small, so it's extremely easy to put them in a truck or vehicle.'Portable base stationsCommunications capability simply becomes another check list item on emergency vehicles alongside specialist equipment. 'On the tactical side, most of the users have a solution that is put on a truck so it can be taken to big crisis sites and disaster areas,' he adds. 'Emergency services want a tactical solution that is completely integrated and that can connect via VSAT (very small aperture [satellite] terminal) back to their network and create coverage areas in remote locations.'Fire brigades, for example, have outdoor repeaters combined with VSAT and they can put one, two, three or four in the field, which automatically switch on. 'They can also have GPS location information to send back,' points out Davalo. 'It's easy and simple to do.'When there's an event and additional resources are required, emergency services can deploy this kind of packaged solution using a mobile terminal to connect back to the command and control centre. 'If you have a fire in Spain or Greece, for example, fire services go with packaged, integrated solutions so they can have local and remote communications,' says Davalo. 'New types of base station make it much easier to deploy because they are small and well packaged.'Cost considerationsHowever, satellite is known to be both costly and patchy in terms of coverage and latency. Davalo claims the cost is falling and points out that satellite charges need to be compared against their alternatives. Satellite may look expensive compared to a fixed line voice telephone call but, compared to installing cellular base stations or fibre links nationwide, the cost pales into insignificance.'The main usage of combined satellite at PMR is one with fixed PMR and a base station,' says Davalo. 'In some countries with low-density populations it is very expensive to connect back the base station from rural areas to the city and satellite is used to connect back as a purely economic solution. Satellite is mostly cheaper [than alternatives]. We see it particularly in Brazil, Mexico and Russia which are very large countries.'Even if the cost can make sense in large geographies with limited populations, surely the coverage and latency of satellite present problems.Latency issues'For coverage you don't really have an issue,' says Davalo. 'You need [access to] the right satellite of course, but coverage is large. When it comes to latency, we've done a lot of tests and it's not a performance affecting issue when you're on the same network if you go through two satellites. There is no operational affect on voice quality.'This type of combined solution doesn't deliver true mobility today. It is more of a portable solution in which fixed satellite technology can be moved rapidly to the site of an emergency. The concept of enabling a mobile base station is being explored, but is currently too costly for all except the most sensitive defence users.'If you wanted to be really mobile – that is, working while the base station is moving – dynamic satellite antennas are available but the cost is very, very high,' says Davalo. 'You have it in some cases in some defence solutions, but very seldom because it is so expensive. Most of the time you move the package to fixed locations.'That portable, fixed-location approach brings value to a series of blue light applications. 'For blue light services today it is mainly a solution in case of big disasters when you have to have a back up base station,' he explains. 'Also, in remote areas it makes sense for services to have this type of solution. It depends on the country, and the density of the population.' 'We have also found that people are changing their way of working,' adds Davalo. 'For instance, if there is a G20 meeting or a sports event you need additional blue light forces to support the event. More and more emergency services want to keep the existing network for their normal day-to-day people and have the special units bring their own solution to connect back to the network.'Perhaps the key development that has made the combination of satellite and PMR attractive to blue light organisations is the advances that have been made in removing complexity from the set up process. Simple set up'Simplicity [of set up] is absolutely mandatory,' confirms Davolo. 'Ten years ago people had different pieces to set up and it was complex so people didn't use it. First, with the small repeaters you have the same device, so then people started to use it because they started to see the benefit. Full automation makes it extremely simple to use.'The coming together of improved satellite coverage, compression technologies to eliminate latency and the automation of set up have combined to make solutions of this type attractive to emergency services. It was a change that Cassidian had not foreseen.'We did not anticipate the move of emergency services using this, but the combination of PMR and satellite – with compression of the traffic – means the cost decreases,' explains Davalo. 'The significant improvement in satellite communications [quality] means we will now see this type of solution more and more. In the future we see it combine with the use of renewable energy such as solar panels which will extend how long you can run the system. We already provide an integrated solution,' says Davalo.Wireless magazineLeave a CommentPlease write code to prove you're humanMore on... TetrapolBrazilian police rely on Airbus Tetrapol technology for Olympic Games 2016 Airbus Tetrapol radio networks provided secure comms during EURO 2016 Nokia and Airbus deploy mission critical comms in Gotthard Base TunnelMore on... Smart CitiesNokia unveils wireless router for power distribution networks ETSI forms new industry group for smart city solutionsLatest in PMRPennine delivers Hytera radio solution at Etihad Stadium in ManchesterTCCA pinpoints key focus areas for LTE-based critical communicationsTait appoints Andrew Gill as managing director of EMEA region


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BHU UET 2017 Application Form is issued by Banaras Hindu University on 02 Feb 2017. Students can fill the BHU 2017 Application Form to appear in Undergraduate Entrance Test conducted for various courses. The Banaras Hindu University has notified and made available BHU UET Application Form 2017 on its entrance test portal bhuonline.in. The application form is to be filled up and submitted online only. There is no option to apply in offline mode. Detailed instruction for filling up the application form, online payment of application fee and online submission is available here and on the BHU's entrance test portal. Applicants can download admit card / hall ticket before the exam.
|Availability of BHU UET 2017 Application Form
|02 Feb 2017
|Last date for online submission of application forms
|10 Mar 2017
Note: – Age Bar Is Removed For B.A and LLB (Hons) And the candidate who could not able to fill form can now apply For B.A and LLB(Hons) from 21 Mar 2017 to 31 Mar 2017.
BHU UET 2017 Application Form
Candidates may note that UET 2017 BHU Application Form is made available online as per the schedule given above. The candidates desirous of admissions is required to fill up the application form by entering correct and verifiable data. Before applying online you should read How to Register on the BHU Entrance Test Portal carefully to understand the application procedure and its requirements.
Keep the following items in your hand before applying :
- Email id
- Mobile no
- Scanned photo ( 4.5 cm x 3.5 cm) : 100 KB
- Scanned signature ( 5 cm x 1.5 cm) : 100 KB
- Aadhaar Card (If you have).
- Credit card, Net banking or ATM-cum-Debit card
Alert regarding entrance test will be sent on the email id / mobile phone number registered by the candidate. Therefore, the candidates are advised to give correct details for correspondence while filling up the BHU online application form.
BHU Online Application Form 2017: Click Here to go to BHU Online Application Form 2017.
After the candidate has filled up the BHU Online application form 2017 and clicks on the CONFIRM button, application fee is to be paid. The Candidate shall pay the following BHU Application Fee / Entrance Test Fee.
|For SC / ST / PC
|For Others
|All courses except Shastri (Hons.)
|Rs. 250
|Rs. 500
|Shastri (Hons.)
|Rs. 100
|Rs. 200
However, in case candidate fills up application form for more than one course under BHU UET 2017 Entrance Exam, the Application Fee payable for each application after first application shall be charged as per reduced rates given below:
|For SC / ST / PC
|For Others
|All courses except Shastri (Hons.)
|Rs. 100
|Rs. 200
Mode of Payment
- Online payment through credit card/ debit card.
- Payment of Entrance Test Fee in Cash through "Challan" in any branch of HDFC Bank.
After successful payment of Application Processing Fee, candidates are advised to take a printout of the online filled up BHU application form (containing the details candidate has filled in and the transaction details of payment of application fee) for own record.
The BHU UET Application Form 2017 shall be treated to have been successfully submitted only after the candidate has paid the Entrance Test Fee.
Official website of BHU Admission 2017 is bhuonline.in.
Guidelines to fill up the BHU Online Application Form 2017
What all do you need to complete the Online application process for BHU?
As an applicant may be required to have the following.
- An E-mail ID for registration and for receiving all future correspondence till the admission process is over and subsequently, if admitted.
- A Mobile Number to receive SMS based notifications/communications related to the online application, Admit card, Entrance Test Result, Admission Counseling etc till the admission process is over and subsequently, if admitted.
- Access to facilities of computer with internet connectivity, B/W printer and scanner.
- A recent passport sized colour photograph.
- Your signature using Blue / Black pen on white sheet.
The most Common reasons for rejection of Application Form is submission without payment of requisite amount of Application Processing Fee. However it may be be rejected for any other inadequacy detected.
All applicants should note, that:
- No printout of online submitted application form or proof of payment of Entrance Test fee is asked to be submitted to the University. However, the candidates are asked to retain a copy of the said documents for their own record.
- No document is required to be submitted along with the application form submitted online.
- Original certificates issued by competent authority supporting filled in details will be asked from the candidate only at the time of admission.
Steps to be followed for filling the BHU online application
Before proceeding to fill up the online application form, please ensure that you have the required details and scanned image files of your (i) recent passport size colour photograph and (ii) signature [as specified at para 1 above], which will be needed at different stages of process. The entire process of filling online application form can be completed in six stages.
#1 Registration on the BHU Entrance Test Portal (www.bhuonline.in) for online application process.
#2 Select the course of your choice [check eligibility, dates of Entrance Test etc].
#3 If you choose to apply for the selected course [do it after confirming your eligibility, dates of Entrance Test etc], application form will appear on the screen. Fill up the details in the application form which will have following sections:
- Applicant Details
- Correspondence Address and Details Parents
- Your Preference of Entrance Test Centre
- Upload scanned image file of your Photograph and Signature
#4 Final Review of details entered in the Application Form and if they are corrected then 'Confirm' the submission. Else, edit the details before confirming submission.
#5 Fee Payment & application Submission
#6 For subsequent applications (after the first course) process of filling up 'Applicant Details', 'Correspondence Address and Parental Details', 'uploading of Photograph and Signature' and 'Preference of Test centre' will not be required. These details will be repeated automatically/ copied for all subsequent applications after the first application. If you choose to pay after selecting all the courses of your choice, a combined payment of Entrance Test Fee for all courses you have applied for can be done.
To read detailed guide on How to Register on the BHU Entrance Test Portal (www.bhuonline.in) for Online Application Process? (Click Here)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Claire Messud's new novel, The Burning Girl, feels somehow different from anything she's done before...
All Product Details
"Peter Quinn just might make it into the history books himself. He is perfecting, if not actually creating, a genre you could call the history-mystery. The Man Who Never Returned is a dazzling story by a fine writer. Fintan Dunne is a memorably hero who you want to meet again and again.¦ -- James Patterson
"In The Man Who Never Returned, Peter Quinn shapes a tantalizing tale around the enduring mystery of Judge Joseph Force Crater, whose disappearance remains a major mystery. Quinn knows New York and its politics better than anyone. The talk and the story are as sharp and hard-edged as they city they embody. This is noir fiction at its finest." -- William Kennedy
¦The nonstop sizzle of two new historical novels set in Manhattan makes them strong candidates for the beach this summer.¦ -- The New York Times, Round-up of books about New York government
"The Man Who Never Returned is a winner. A masterful and evocative tale, set in a beautifully rendered 1950¦s New York, it combines true crime with vivid imagining. This is that rare book: A first-rate thriller that seamlessly weaves together page-turning narrative with richly detailed characters whose motivations--complex, suspect, hidden-- always ring true." --Thomas Kelly, author of A Testament of Devotion
¦A new take to the old mystery¦ -- New York Post ¦Required Reading¦
Peter Quinn brings wit, panache and a deep knowledge of the Big Apple to his latest Fintan Dunne novel. The Man Who Never Returned is a taut thriller but also a meditation on life in the big city, where a well- connected municipal judge can disappear overnight and leave behind a mystery that transforms lives, confounds investigators, and fortunately for lovers of detective fiction provides Quinn with a fascinating plotline that fully utilizes his skills as a storyteller. -- T.J. English, New York Times best-selling author of Havana Nocturne
¦Peter Quinn writes about the old New York the way that Allen Furst writes about Paris. The Man Who Never Returned is not only a gripping take on one of the city¦s most enduring mysteries, but also a world in and of itself. You may never want to leave.¦ Kevin Baker, author of Strivers Row
"Quinn delivers a satisfying solution to the real- life mystery of Joseph Crater, a New York City judge who disappeared in 1930, in this stellar hard-boiled historical novel, a sequel to The Hour of the Cat (2005). In 1955, a New York newspaper magnate offers PI Fintan Dunne carte blanche to investigate the case in the hope that Dunne will provide him with a sensational exclusive. Crater vanished just as an official inquiry into judicial corruption, ordered by then governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt, was getting underway. Perhaps Crater fled to avoid prosecutionïor someone bumped him off because he knew too much. Restless in retirement, Dunne accepts the offer, despite his skepticism that such a cold trail can be meaningfully pursued. Quinn not only makes the existence of clues at such a late date plausible but also concocts an explanation that¦s both logical and surprising. The depth and complexity of the lead character is a big plus." --Publisher's Weekly
¦I read Peter Quinn's novel The Man Who Never Returned. It is an utterly compelling story with a charismatic flawed protagonist in Finton Dunne. Gripping from the first page to the last, Peter Quinn creates a unique and utterly believable world, part history, part fiction. He is an enviably wonderful writer.¦ -- Gabriel Byrne
¦Freely mixing history, mystery, and novelistic license, Quinn offers a noir-ish tale of Tammany Hall politics, sex, crime, Broadway moguls, and cops, populated by more than a dozen interesting charactersèQuinn¦s rich, insightful, evocative descriptions of New York, both in Crater¦s time and in 1955, will certainly please fans of historical crime novels.¦ -- Booklist
"With echoes of Raymond Chandler and Orson Welles, as well as enough period detail to outfit a vintage shop, this workmanlike effort will appeal to those interested in literary and noirish historical mysteries." --Library Journal
¦A page-turner noir novelèQuinn masterfully crafts a forceful narrative whose revealing ending doesn¦t disappoint.¦ -- Irish America Magazine
Peter Quinn is the author of the novel Banished Children of Eve (winner of an American Book Award) and previously served as speechwriter for New York governors Hugh Carey and Mario Cuomo. A third-generation New Yorker whose granparents were born in Ireland, he is currently Editorial Director for Time Warner and lives in Hastings, New York.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 19, 1994
|Filing date
|Aug 24, 1992
|Priority date
|Mar 8, 1990
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Cristina Chu
|Original Assignee
|Cristina Chu
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (61), Classifications (10), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 07/490,764 filed on Mar. 8, 1990, now abandoned.
This invention relates to methods and apparatus for transferring a selected fluid in a desired direction to and from a selected body area of a medical patient, and more particularly to such a method and apparatus which utilizes a sealed surgically implanted catheter.
There are a number of medical procedures which involve the frequent introduction of a medicinal liquid or biological fluid into a selected body area of a patient or the withdrawal of a medicinal or biological fluid from a patient. While needles can be used for such purposes where the area of the body is close to the surface, for example to inject a fluid into the bloodstream, there are some treatments, such as peritoneal dialysis, where needles cannot reach and it is required to surgically implant a catheter in order to introduce the desired fluid and for the removal thereof. Even for procedures where a needle may be utilized, repeated puncturing of veins with needles results in damage to the veins which makes it difficult to find a suitable site for further punctures. This results in pain and anxiety to the patient, both of which are undesirable. Further, if a needle remains in the patient for an extended period of time, the needle can infiltrate, preventing proper introduction of the substance, causing extreme discomfort to the patient, and possibly leading to infection or other injury to the patient. For these reasons, patients who are going to be receiving frequent medical procedures involving the introduction or withdrawal of fluids, such as cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, frequently have catheters surgically implanted which may be used for the introduction of the medicinal fluid.
However, surgically implanted catheters are usually open on the proximal end and, while some sort of temporary seal may be put on the catheter when not in use, the catheters basically provide an open channel into the patient's body. As a result, these catheters expose the patient to infection, and even with careful cleaning and sterilization of the ends of these catheters at regular intervals and after use, using various means such as ultraviolet or microwave radiation, the infection rate on patients having such catheters is still relatively high. With cleaning, but without sterilization, an average of sixty percent of patients having such catheters for peritoneal dialysis develop infections during the first year.
The risk of infection with surgically implanted catheters and the time, trouble and expense involved in the frequent cleaning and sterilization of such catheters in order to minimize infection, has resulted in surgically implanted catheters being used only in limited situations, such as peritoneal dialysis, where there is no other feasible way to reach the desired area of the body, or in situations where the condition of the patient's veins makes it nonfeasible to continue treatment by use of needles. However, if a procedure could be developed which would permit such catheters to be permanently sealed, thus minimizing infection, while still permitting medicinal or biologic fluids to be transferred therethrough, such catheters could be used far more extensively, not only for peritoneal dialysis, but for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, patients in hospitals requiring frequent introduction of blood or intravenous substances, diabetics requiring regular shots of insulin and the like. Such a procedure would also be highly advantage for peritoneal dialysis patients, cancer patients and others currently having implanted catheters in that the risk of infection could be substantially reduced while the time and expense involved in cleaning and sterilizing the catheters would be virtually eliminated.
One way of solving the above problem is to seal the catheter with a rubber seal as is used on bottles containing an injectable substance or a standard compressible rubber ball seal. A hypodermic needle, which could be either a standard needle or one especially designed for this purpose, could be utilized to pierce the seal and the desired medicinal or biologic fluids could be introduced or withdrawn through the needle. On the withdrawal of the needle, the seal would immediately close behind the needle preventing infection from getting in, and an alcohol wipe could be used over the seal as the needle is withdrawn or just after the needle is withdrawn to further reduce the possibility of infection. The wiping action of the seal on the needle would also tend to clean the needle on introduction to further reduce the possibility of an infectious agent being introduced.
However, there are two potential problems in using such a rubber seal and needle arrangement. First, while such seals may be punctured a substantial number of times before they lose the elasticity to reseal, the number of times the seal may be punctured varying somewhat with the gauge of needle used, to minimize infection it is preferable that the seal not be used to any way near its maximum theoretical number of punctures. Thus, for a seal with a theoretical life of one hundred and eighty punctures, it might be necessary to replace the seal after for example one hundred to one hundred and fifty punctures. Since procedures such as peritoneal dialysis may require as many as four punctures a day, this would mean that a single seal would only last for approximately one month. Since a patient should not be subjected to a surgical procedure, even a relatively simple surgical procedure, on a monthly basis if such can be avoided, it is desirable that the seal either be replaceable without requiring surgical implantation of a new catheter, or that procedures be provided for extending the life of the seal for several years.
The second potential problem is that a reasonably flow rate may be required in order to permit the medical procedure to be completed within an acceptable time period. For example, for peritoneal dialysis, it is required that two liters of dialysate be transferred over a twenty- to thirty-minute time period, requiring a flow rate in the 60-100 ml/min range. Relying on gravity, or other similar means, it may not be possible to achieve the desired flow rate through a standard needle. A means must therefore be provided for enhancing the flow rate of the selected fluid through the needle so that a desired flow rate can be achieved.
A need therefore exists for a method and apparatus for providing a seal for a surgically implanted catheter which seal permits desired fluids to pass therethrough at a required flow rate. Such seal should either be replaceable without requiring surgical procedure or the life of the seal should be extended to a point where surgical reimplantation or replacement of the catheter is not required for several years.
In accordance with the above, this invention provides a method and apparatus for transferring a selected fluid in a desired direction to or from a selected body area of a medical patient. A catheter is surgically implanted at its distal end in the body area, the proximal end of the catheter extending from the patient's body. The proximal end of the catheter is sealed with a seal of a material which may be repeatedly punctured by a needle and which reseals when the needle is removed. A receptacle means is provided which is adapted to function as a source or sink for the selected fluid and is connected by a suitable tube to a needle which is adapted to puncture the seal. A noninvasive pump may be provided for pumping the selected fluid in the desired direction between the body area and the receptacle.
The seal is preferably a compression rubber seal which may be formed of silicon rubber and is preferably in the form of a spherical piece of rubber which is compression mounted to the catheter end. Either the entire seal or the spherical rubber portion thereof may be removed and replaced. While the seal may be removably mounted to the catheter so that it may be removed and replaced, it is preferable that it be cut off the end of the catheter or that special equipment be required to remove the seal so that it may not be removed by the patient, thus reducing the likelihood of infection.
It is also preferable that relative movement between the needle and the seal be prevented after the needle punctures the seal to minimize damage to the seal, and suitable means should be provided for preventing such relative movement. To prevent the needle from being inadvertently pulled from the seal, it is also preferable that means be provided to latch the two together.
Another way the life of the seal can be increased is to provide a disposable section having a tubular member with a second needle mounted at one end and a second puncturable seal at the other end. The disposable section is mounted with its needle piercing the seal on the catheter and remains in that position for multiple punctures of the disposable section's seal by the needle. After a predetermined number of uses, when the seal on the disposable section starts to deteriorate, the disposable section is removed and the needle of a new disposable section is forced through the catheter seal. Again, it is preferred that special equipment be required to remove the disposable sections to minimize patient tampering and that the disposable sections be rendered unuseable when removed. Thus, a single catheter seal may be utilized for the life of over one hundred disposable sections or in other words well in excess of ten thousand total uses.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a partially diagrammatic, partially cutaway, partially exploded or unassembled side view of an apparatus for transferring a medicinal or biologic fluid in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cutaway side view of a removable catheter seal in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are a cutaway side view and a front perspective view respectively of a catheter seal in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4A is a cutaway, exploded or unassembled side view of a tandem seal embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4B is a cutaway side view of the tandem seal embodiment of FIG. 4A with the elements thereof assembled.
FIG. 4C is a sectional view taken along the line C--C in FIG. 4B.
FIG. 4D is a perspective view of gripping fingers useable with the disposable section for the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 4A-4C.
FIG. 4E is a sectional view taken along the line E--E in FIG. 4B.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are cutaway side views of a replacement seal assembly for a catheter in exploded, unassembled condition and assembled condition respectively.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are a sealing ball extractor and a sealing ball replacement mechanism respectively for replacing the sealing ball in a catheter seal in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic side view of apparatus in accordance withthe teachings of this invention which may be utilized to transfer a medicinal, biological, or other fluid in either direction between a selected body area of a patient and a receptacle which may serve as a source or sink for such fluid. In FIG. 1, it is assumed that the apparatusis being used to perform peritoneal dialysis; however, this is by no means a limitation on the invention. In FIG. 1, a catheter 12 has been surgically implanted in the stomach area of a patient 14 adjacent the peritoneal membrane 16. The proximal end of the catheter which extends from the patient has a seal 18 mounted thereon. Seal 18 is designed to prevent dirt, germs, or any other infection-causing agent from passing therethrough into catheter 12, while permitting a needle 20, which may be a standard hypodermic needle, to pass therethrough.
FIGS. 3A and 3B show one type of seal which may be used as the seal 18. This seal, which is the seal used for sealing bottles containing substances which are to be administered to a patient by injection, has a cap 22, which may be of plastic, metal or other suitable material, which is secured to catheter 12 by suitable means, such as gluing, crimping, heat forming or the like. Cap 22 has a circular opening 24 in its proximalend in which is sealed a suitably shaped rubber stopper 26. Stopper 26 may for example be formed of silicon rubber. A needle may gain access to catheter 12 by being passed through opening 24 and the rubber stopper 26 into the catheter. Cap 22 is preferably crimped or otherwise formed onto stopper 26 so as to apply pressure thereto, thereby enhancing the sealing properties of stopper 26 and enhancing the ability of the seal to reclose behind a needle 20 as the needle is withdrawn.
While the seal shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B is relatively inexpensive, it presents a small area through which a needle may be inserted and has a relatively small amount of rubber through which the needle passes. The seal therefore can be utilized for only a limited number of punctures before it is no longer effective as a seal. It is therefore preferable forthis application, where it is desired that numerous punctures be possible before there is a need to replace the seal, that a spherical ball seal such as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 be utilized as the seal 18. With this seal, a spherical ball 30 of silicon rubber is enclosed under pressure in a housing 32 which is fused in the factory or otherwise suitably secured to the proximal end of catheter 12. The proximal end of ball 30 is exposedso as to be pierceable by needle 20. A sealing O-ring 21 is provided aroundthe periphery of housing 32.
Needle 20 is connected through a flexible section of tubing 40 and a junction 42 to a receptacle 44. Receptacle 44 may for example contain dialysate or other medicinal or biologic fluid to be applied to the individual, or may be a sink which is to receive used dialysate containingvarious bodily wastes, blood, or other fluid to be withdrawn from the individual. In the case of peritoneal dialysis, receptacle 44 could serve both as a source of clean dialysate and as a receptacle or sink for the used dialysate containing bodily wastes. For the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1, tubing 40 is passed through a standard noninvasive pump 46 which may be operated in one direction to pump fluid into patient 14 and in the opposite direction to cause fluid to be withdrawn from the patient. For the pump shown in FIG. 1, pumping is accomplished by rollers 48 squeezing tubing 40 against the walls of a cylindrical casing.
In use, needle 20 is applied to puncture for example ball 30 of seal 18. Analcohol wipe may be applied over the seal before puncture. If nothing else were done at this point, the needle could move around in the seal, thus enlarging the hole through which the needle passes. The enlarged hole might permit an infectious agent to enter catheter 12, and in any event would adversely affect the life of the seal and the resealing properties of seal 18 when needle 20 is withdrawn. It is also possible that, absent some latching means, the needle could be inadvertently withdrawn from the seal with, in some situations, potentially catastrophic results. It is therefore desirable that the seal 18 and needle 20 be latched together in some way so that there is little if any relative movement between the two when the needle is passed through the seal and the two cannot be inadvertently separated. A number of standard mechanisms can be utilized for accomplishing this function.
For the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1, this is accomplished by having at least two flexigrip fingers 50 which extend from a cap 52 secured to the end of tube 40 adjacent seal 18. Needle 20 is also mounted in cap 52 and, as will be described in greater detail in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 4, an antiseptic gel may be provided in the shaded region 54 to enhance the sterility of this region. A bleeder hole 56 covered by a rubber 0-ring 58 enables excess gel to be squeezed out duringinsertion of needle 20 into ball 30 of seal 18, with the O-ring sealing theopening 56 at other times. Each flexigrip finger 52 has a gripping projection 60 with a ramp leading edge at its end. The fingers 60 expand as the ramp leading edge of projections 60 ride up over the forward end ofcasing 32 of seal 18 and drop into grooves 63 and 65 formed in the rear outer surface of housing 32. When proper pressure is exerted, the projection 61 will nest in groove 65 and will be pressed into engagement in these grooves by the action of O-ring seal 67. Groove 63 is provided asa safety precaution to prevent inadvertent disconnection of the seal. As may be best seen in FIG. 4E, the portion 69 of the forward section of cap 52 which is not taken up with fingers 50 is solid so that the forward end of cap 52 covers a substantial portion of housing 32 when the elements areassembled. This prevents relative movement between the needle and seal, thelocking action of projection 61 in groove 65 normally preventing separationof these two elements.
When it is desired to separate needle 20 from seal 18, this may be accomplished in one of two ways. The first way is to push housing 52 slightly toward seal 18 and to press on fingers 50 at approximately the point where O-ring 58 is located. This will push the fingers out of groove65 and permit the two elements to be separated.
An alternative way is to provide a pair of grooves 71 in housing 32, which grooves are slightly larger than fingers 50. To separate needle 20 from seal 18, cap 52 is rotated relative to housing 32 to align fingers 50 withgrooves 71 and the seal and needle may then be pulled apart. Lines or othersuitable markings may be provided on housing 32 or on both housings to assist in this process.
The securing together of the cap 52 at the end of tube 40 and seal 18 may also be accomplished by having screw threads on the outside of housing 32 and providing an internally threaded cap on element 52 which permits the two elements to be screwed together. Similar results could be obtained by having a bayonet-type latch with the male portion of the latch mounted on the outside of housing 32 and the female portion of the bayonet coupling on cap 52. Other suitable latching means known in the art might also be utilized.
While the seal 18 may be replaceable so that catheter 12 may be utilized over an extended period of time without requiring surgical replacement, a preferred way of achieving this result is by providing a means for extending the life of seal 18. FIGS. 4A-4E show a tandem seal embodiment for accomplishing this objective, which embodiment is the preferred embodiment of the invention.
For this embodiment, a disposable or tandem section 60 is provided which consists of a needle 62 and a seal 64 which are contained within a short tubular housing 66. Needle 62 will be the same as needle 20 and seal 64 may be substantially identical to seal 18. The forward end of housing 66 has a plurality of flexgrip fingers 73 extending therefrom with the area 75 behind the flexgrip fingers being solid and tubular. Antiseptic gel 77 is provided in the rear portion of tubular section 75. A bleeder hole 79 and O-ring 81 are also provided which perform the same function as the bleeder hole 56 and 0-ring 58 previously discussed. Each finger 73 has a ramp projection 83 at the end thereof. Finally, portion 60 has a groove 85formed about its periphery at a point behind the end of ball 64.
In operation, disposable section 60 is mounted to catheter 12, with needle 62 piercing seal 18, and the two are latched together with fingers 73 seating in groove 65 and being held therein by O-ring 67. While it might be possible to provide slots in housing 32, in particular in the grooves 63 and 65, so that disposable section 60 could be twisted and removed fromseal 18, it is preferable that the disposable element 60 not be easily removable and that it be removable only by breaking fingers 73 using a suitable tool. This assures that a disposable section 60 will not be reused inadvertently and assures against inadvertent or intentional disconnection and reattachment by the patient or other unauthorized individuals. To the extent such removal and reattachment occur, the resulting damage to disposable section 60, and in particular the fingers 73 thereof, would be easily detectable by authorized medical personnel.
Each time the apparatus is to be used, needle 20 pierces seal 64. Needle 20and seal 64 are also latched together in the manners previously described by having fingers 50 seat in groove 85. End cap 52 may be separated from element 60 by squeezing or rotatings fingers 50 in the manner previously described. Thus, assuming seal 64 also has a useful life of two hundred ormore punctures, operating conservatively, and assuming four punctures a day, disposable section 60 might need to be replaced once every one to twomonths. Assuming seal 18 to have the same useful life, this would mean thatseal 18 could be used for approximately ten years without difficulty and might be usable for much longer periods.
One problem with apparatus of the type shown in FIG. 1 is that the needle restricts the flow rate, preventing a desired flow rate from being achieved solely from gravity. The flow rate through needle 20, or needle 62, is inversely proportional to the length of the needle and increases asthe diameter of the needle increases. This suggests that the needle utilized should be as short as possible. It also suggests that a relatively large gauge needle should be utilized; however, the use of a large gauge needle to achieve flow rate must be offset against the fact that a large gauge needle will make a larger hole in seal 18, making it more difficult for the seal to close after use, and adversely affecting the life of the seal. For most applications, adequate flow rates can be achieved through, for example, a 22-gauge needle by use of noninvasive pump 46, a 22-gauge needle being sufficiently small that seal 18 may easily reclose after use. The seal life figures used at various places have been based on the use of a 22-gauge needle. For a given gauge needle,a desired flow rate may be achieved by operating pump 46 at a sufficient rpm to create the pressure needed to achieve such flow. The discussion on flow rate also points up one potential problem with the tandem arrangementof FIG. 4 in that having two needles would have the same adverse effect on the flow rate as using a single needle which is twice as long. Since flow rate is inversely proportional to the needle length, the tandem arrangement further inhibits flow rate, forcing the use of a more powerfulpump 46 or at least causing the pump to work harder. However it has been found that a small pump of 600 rpm capacity is powerful enough to provide pressure for fluid transfer even with a tanden arrangement.
As indicated above, when the tandem seal is utilized, the life of the seal 18 at the end of the catheter should be sufficiently long that it may never have to be replaced. Further, by the time the seal wears out, it maybe desirable to surgically replace the catheter for other reasons.
However, in some applications, it may be undesirable to use the tandem sealand/or the patient may be in treatment for a sufficient period of time thatit will ultimately become necessary to replace the seal 18. While it is possible to screw mount or otherwise removably mount this seal to the catheter, to preserve the integrity of the seal and to avoid any possibility of infection, it is preferable that the seal not be removable by anyone other than trained medical personnel. This would normally require that special tools or equipment be required in order to remove theseal and to replace the seal. FIGS. 5A and 5B show one possible mechanism for removing and replacing the entire seal while FIGS. 6A and 6B show equipment for removing and replacing respectively only the ball portion ofthe seal. Referring first to FIG. 5A, it is assumed that the seal has been cut off from the end of catheter 12. The replacement seal is in two parts,a cylindrical collar 90 and a replacement seal housing 92. Collar 90 has a smooth external surface and has an internal surface which is smooth along a section A which covers roughly the rear half of the collar, a relativelylarge toothed section B adjacent section A, and a much smaller toothed section C at the proximal end of the collar. The internal diameter of section A is such that this section may fit snugly over the end of the catheter 12.
Seal replacement housing 92 has a replacement silicon rubber ball 30' mounted at the proximal end thereof. A generally cylindrical chamber is formed behind ball 30'. The outer diameter of seal replacement housing 92 is roughly equal to that of collar 90 over an area D' extending from the proximal end to a point well behind the end of ball 30'. A small toothed section C' is provided having an outer diameter which roughly matches the inner diameter of section C of collar 90, a reduced outer diameter sectionB' is provided which is toothed to match the section B of collar 90 and hasan outer diameter roughly matching the inner diameter of this section and adistal end A' of the seal replacement housing has a relatively large toothed outer diameter which is sized to be roughly the same as or slightly larger than the inner diameter of catheter 12. All of the teeth are angled as shown in FIG. 5A.
Referring to FIG. 5B, the elements are assembled by placing section A of collar 90 over the end of catheter 12. A suitable adhesive may be placed on the inner diameter of section A or on the outer surface of catheter 12 to hold collar 90 in place, but this should not be necessary. When collar 90 is in place, housing 92 is fitted into collar 90 until the teeth A engage the inside of catheter 12 and the teeth B'--B' and C'--C' engage. The housing 92 is then screwed and pushed into collar 90, the angles of the teeth permitting section A' of the housing to be moved into catheter 12 and the teeth B' and C' to be moved over the teeth B and C respectively. However, as may be seen in FIG. 5B, the angle of the teeth is such that, once these elements have been mated, movement in the opposite direction is not possible. Housing 92 is moved into collar 90 until it reaches the position shown in FIG. 5B where the proximal end of collar 90 butts against the distal end of section D of housing 92. When inthis position, the end of catheter 12 is pinched between section A of collar 90 and A' of housing 92 with the teeth of section A' digging into the inside wall of the catheter and preventing the seal from being removed. A sealing ring 21' is provided on the outer surface of section D of housing 92 and serves the same function as the sealing ring 21 previously described. While grooves 63 and 65 and O-ring 67 are not shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, if a latching seal is desired, these elements could beprovided.
Referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B, a seal ball extraction tool 100 and a seal ball insertion or replacement tool 102 respectively are shown. The tool 100 has fingers 104 with ramp projections 106 at the ends thereof which function in the same way as the fingers 50 and ramp projections 61 to latch onto seal 18. Fingers 104 are formed at the end of a housing 108. A rod element 110 is provided which has a handle 112, a left-hand screw thread 114 near its center which passes through and mates with a corresponding screw thread in lever 116 and passes through a cylindrical channel 118 in the proximal end of housing 108, terminating in an enlargedscrew thread 120 having a conical cross section.
In operation, once flexgrips 104 are engaged on seal 18, lever 116 is pressed against the proximal end of housing 108 and handle 112 is rotated to force screw thread 120 into the ball 30 to be removed. A suitable stop can be provided to prevent the screw thread from progressing through ball 30. Once screw thread 120 is fully embedded in ball 30, lever 116 is turned. The left-hand thread on this lever causes it to pull or apply force in the rearward or proximal direction on rod 110 drawing the rod, and the ball 30 secured on screw thread 120 in a rearward direction until the ball is extracted from the seal. The fingers 104 may then be released in the manner previously described and the tool 100 removed from the seal.Removed ball 30 may then be unscrewed from screw thread 120 and disposed of.
The seal replacement unit 102 shown in FIG. 6B is a disposable unit which is used only once. It includes a cylindrical housing 130 with flexgrip fingers 132 terminating in ramp projections 134 at its distal end and a screw threaded opening 136 at its proximal end. A plunger 138 is mounted to move in housing 130. Plunger 138 has a shaft 140 projecting from its rear end with a screw threaded portion 142 of the shaft passing through threaded opening 136 in the housing. Shaft 140 terminates at its proximal end in a handle 144. Replacement ball 30" is held against plunger 138 by an antiseptic gel 140. In operation, flexgrip legs 32 are mounted on seal 18 latching with grooves 63 or 65 in the manner previously described. Handle 44 is then rotated pressing plunger 138 against ball 30" until theball has been pressed into the socket in housing 32. Once a new ball has been inserted in the socket, the unit 132 is removed by releasing the flexgrip fingers 132 in one of the manners previously described and unit 132 is disposed of.
While for the preferred embodiment, the apparatus is being utilized for peritoneal dialysis, with dialysate being initially pumped from receptacle44 through tube 40, needle 20, and catheter 12 into the patient's peritoneal cavity, and pump 46 then being reversed to cause dialysate saturated with bodily waste to be pumped from the peritoneal cavity through catheter 12, needle 20, and tube 40 into receptacle 44, it should be apparent that the technique of this invention can be utilized in a variety of other applications where fluid is to be pumped into or extracted from a particular body area. For example, this technique could be utilized to simplify the use of implanted catheters for cancer patientsundergoing chemotherapy and might also be utilized with I.C.U. patients needing to receive a variety of IV's over extended periods, hemophiliacs requiring frequent blood transfusions, diabetics requiring frequent insulin injections, and the like.
Further, while particular seals have been shown for the preferred embodiment, it is apparent that other techniques for sealing the end of the catheter, either currently existing or developed in the future, may beutilized in place of the seals 18 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Other techniques than those disclosed might also be utilized to releasably secure the line 40 from the pump to either seal 18 or replaceable element 60, to more permanently secure seal 18 to element 60 and/or to replace seal 18 or ballportions 30 thereof. Noninvasive pump 46 may also be replaced by suitable means for driving the fluid through needle 20 which, in the simplest case,may be a hand operated device.
Thus, while the invention has been particularly shown and described above with reference to preferred embodiments, the foregoing and other changes in form and detail may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 26, 1977
|Jan 22, 1980
|University Of Utah
|Peritoneal dialysis catheter
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|Feb 12, 2010
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|Jul 31, 2007
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|Method and apparatus for rapidly estimating the doppler-error and other receiver frequency errors of global positioning system satellite signals weakened by obstructions in the signal path
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|Collection bag system with preformed loop
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|Methods and apparatus for forming anastomotic sites
|Mar 8, 2004
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|Brugger James M.
|Single step fluid circuit engagement device and method
|Mar 8, 2004
|Dec 2, 2004
|Brugger James M.
|Registration of fluid circuit components in a blood treatment device
|Mar 8, 2004
|Dec 2, 2004
|Brugger James M.
|Blood-contactless measurement of arterial pressure
|Mar 8, 2004
|Dec 30, 2004
|Burbank Jeffrey H.
|Measurement of fluid pressure in a blood treatment device
|Aug 27, 2003
|Mar 3, 2005
|James Brugger
|Hemofiltration systems and methods that maintain sterile extracorporeal processing conditions
|Mar 8, 2004
|May 26, 2005
|Brugger James M.
|Network-based extracorporeal blood treatment information system
|Mar 8, 2004
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|Jan 21, 2005
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|Fujirebio Diagnostics, Inc.
|Detection of mesothelin-/megakaryocyte potentiating factor-related peptides for assessment of the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity
|Jan 29, 2008
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|Blood treatment apparatus
|Mar 8, 2004
|Dec 11, 2008
|Brugger James M
|Blood flow control in a blood treatment device
|Mar 8, 2004
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|Registration of fluid circuit components in a blood treatment device
|Nov 8, 2010
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|Richard Scott Weston
|Reduced pressure treatment system
|Nov 15, 1999
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|Rika Electronics International Inc., Attleboro
|Elektrisches Kontaktsystem
|Oct 23, 2007
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|Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH
|Connection piece for an enteral transfer system
|Oct 23, 2007
|Dec 21, 2016
|Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH
|Connection piece for an enteral transfer system
|Jul 13, 1998
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|Arom Pak Aktiebolag
|Aseptic connection device
|Nov 15, 1999
|Jun 2, 2000
|Rika Electronics International, Inc.
|Electrical contact system
|Nov 15, 1999
|Nov 15, 2007
|Rika Electronics International
|Electrical contact system
|Feb 28, 2003
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|U.S. Classification
|604/523, 604/175, 604/6.11, 604/86
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 19, 1998
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Sep 29, 1998
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19980722


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CQB is way OP. But I love it.
CQB is way OP. But I love it.
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Google's Android operating system for tablets has had mixed reactions. On one hand, users seem to like Android for the mobile phone, and on the other hand, there's Honeycomb 3.0 that lacks the finish and refinement seen in its primary competitor - iOS. Many of us agree that the OS is far from complete and there are some bugs that need to be ironed out. The iPad has been a runaway success and Google is hoping to catch up once Honeycomb matures. We just got news of Motorola launching Android 3.1 for the Xoom tablet and that's something we'll see across the board very soon. Here's a quick look at what key features and enhancements Honeycomb 3.1 has to offer.
Improved USB support
While tablets were designed to replace netbooks and notebooks, one of the key things stopping users from doing so was poor connectivity with other devices using the USB interface. Come Honeycomb 3.1, users will be able to use a wide variety of USB devices with their tablets.
USB open to a variety of devices; game controllers included
This means, everything from keyboards, mice, other input devices and even digital cameras will be able to work with tablets. Imagine typing on a tablet using a portable, folding keyboard and transferring images from your camera or a card reader to your tablet, and viewing photos in real time. Google says that you can even use Bluetooth-based input devices with the tablet.
Resizable Widgets
Sure, this is something that third party window managers bring, but Android has never really had a built-in feature to do this. This means, anyone using Honeycomb had to be satisfied with the size of widgets. The new widget system lets you drag widgets into the screen of your choice and then adjust its width by holding it down, similar to what LauncherPro would let you do.
Improved Wi-Fi capabilities
Well technically, it's not going to be faster or anything of that sort, but there will be bits and pieces added to the functionality. For example, users can now turn off the screen and the tablet will continue to stream content over the network for extended periods.
Wi-Fi optimized for longer battery life
There's also an option for users to use HTTP proxies for separate Wi-Fi networks, so you no longer have to switch networks and set a different HTTP proxy each time. Google claims that their new Preferred Network Offload (PNO) feature will help reduce battery drain during long Wi-Fi sessions.
App Updates
There are a bunch of Google apps that come bundled with any Google Android OS. Google has tweaked many of these for the 3.1 release. The browser, for example has an improved Quick Controls UI that's bound to make navigation and multitasking between tabs easier. The browser has been upgraded to allow HTML5 video playback, so you no longer have to depend on Flash versions of Vimeo and Youtube videos.
UI tweaked and enhanced to allow easier navigation
Ability to save web pages for offline viewing is also a part of the browser now. Users should also notice some performance benefits, all thanks to hardware acceleration support through plugins for the browser. The Gallery now supports something called PTP (Picture Transfer Protocol). In simple terms, you can import photos from a camera to the Gallery easily. Other apps to receive enhancements are E-mail, Contacts and Calendar.
ASUS Transformer - one of the tablets to get the 3.2 update
Whether or not Google is successful in impressing users will only be known in the weeks to come, as manufacturers start rolling out these updates. Google has already started work on 3.2 and manufacturers are announcing that the update should be available sometime in August.


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hey i'm a newbie also.. and i just had a few questions.. i have a nice new camera.. but what else do i need to start digital scrapbooking?
what do i need to download and/or buy in terms of software?
what do you ladies recommend/love?
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What classes do I need to take?
If you wish to attend a particular medical, dental, or veterinary school, please check their specific requirements which can usually be found on their webpage. In general, you need a year of college-level biology with labs, a year of introductory chemistry, a year of organic chemistry, and a year of physics.
Other Resources
Office of Pre-Professional Advising - help in finding shadowing or volunteering experiences; organizational support for your application including managing your letters of recommendation
American Medical College Application Service - information on admissions requirements and how to actually apply
American Association of Medical Colleges - an inside look into medical education including grids of acceptance rates by GPA and MCAT scores and applicant success rate by school or demographics
Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) Contains all the information necessary to know the requirements and apply to all US Veterinary Schools.
American Dental Education Association provides information on dental degree options and trends and Associated American Dental Schools Application Service (AADSAS) provides information on the application process.


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Rise and rise again, until lambs become lions.
When soldier Robin happens upon the dying Robert of Loxley, he promises to return the man's sword to his family in Nottingham. There, he assumes Robert's identity; romances his widow, Marion; and draws the ire of the town's sheriff and King John's henchman, Godfrey.
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Removal of one load bearing wall separating kitchen and diner and make good. erect stud wall...
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Mister Fox - A4
Oh Eight Oh Nine
$12.00 was $15.00Learn More»
or make 4 interest-free payments of $3.00 AUD fortnightly with More info
This product is currently sold out.
Mister Fox is a hand drawn print illustrated by me and will make the sweetest addition to your children's play, activity or bedroom.
This minimal design features a mainly monochrome composition with a slight pop of orange watercolour for the nose
Product Details
Size: A4
Material: High quality print on 350 gsm card
About Oh Eight Oh Nine
Tarina Lyell is an Australian product stylist and photographer from Perth, Western Australia who has created a name for herself in the design industry for her love of Scandinavian styling.
The mother-of-one formed print company Oh Eight Oh Nine in 2010 as a natural extension of her creative skills into this artistic field and spends her time designing, styling and photographing her products and home.


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WIDE-SLEEVE SHIRTOff White
Delivery Methods
- Standard £5
- Next Day £7
- Same Day £15
- Collect In Store Free
We also offer Free returns on all UK orders.
For next working day delivery please order before 3:00pm
For same day delivery within London please order before 1:00pm.
All orders will be delivered by courier and will need to be signed for.
White shirting can be as classic as they come but the Sophie style is designed with wide short sleeves that gives it a directional edge. Wear it with tailored trousers to update your workwear repertoire or style it with denim for a chic off-duty look.
- Small point collar
- Relaxed fit
- Half-length sleeves
- Concealed button front
To ensure every REISS garment is the perfect fit for you, please refer to our size guide and check our measurements.
The model is wearing a size 8
Model is 5ft 8.5"/174 cm, and a size 8
Composition - 100% Polyester
Washcare - Hand wash


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A BOY of 12 is to face a police reprimand after he shot a girl with a fake machine gun, leaving her with bruising.
Officers say the girl, also aged 12, was fortunate to get away with such a slight injury after being hit by a pellet from the large plastic imitation MP5 machine gun, which was bought in France while the boy's family were on holiday.
Police were called by the girl's parents to an estate in Rudloe after the incident on May 30. It is alleged the boy and girl had a dispute in the street after which he went home, fetched the gun and returned to shoot her in the leg.
He also said to have caused damage to a caravan in the area using the same gun.
PC Peter Clarke of Corsham Police said the imitation weapon, which is similar to those carried by trained gun police, fires plastic pellets that can cause serious injuries or even death.
He said: "The gun could have blinded or killed the girl. If a person was hit full on with this gun they could easily be killed.
"It is surprising the girl got away with just bruising."
Police have repeatedly warned that anyone carrying a replica or toy gun is putting themselves in danger. It could be mistaken for a real weapon leading to the intervention of armed police who might open fire if they felt the risk was genuine.
PC Clarke said: "It is a very serious issue using fake firearms. This one could have been used to hold up a busy post office, nobody would know it isn't real."
Another officer said: "This gun is not a toy, it is a replica gun and looks exactly like what they are using over in Afghanistan now."
The police have confiscated the gun and officers will be meeting the boy and his parents soon to discuss the incident.


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Main Content
What Are You Launching To?
Want to; eliminate debt, save more, decrease expenses, retire early, find passion, increase wealth and live life on your own terms? You've come to the right place.
Join Me On My Journey
Find out how I plan to retire in 7 years, or less.
(A collection of my more personal blog posts)
"Your Way To $85K Email Course"
Find out the exact strategies I used to saved $85,000 in 12 months.
The lessons I've learned, have allowed me to become savvy in budgeting and all things personal finance. Because of my money habits, my family and I are debt free (besides the mortgage) and are on our way to becoming financially independent by the age of 40. I want to teach you what I've learned through a little trial and error and a lot of discipline over the years. My goal is to help you eliminate debt, save more money and increase your net worth. Jamila, Creator of Journey To Launch


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I was just grabbing lunch when I saw an elderly man walking toward me. Didn't think anything of him until he winked at me and very obviously turned around (after he had just walked past me) to hit my behind with his rolled up newspaper. Come on. Really? Ugh.
Submitted by anonymous on 8/23/2010
Location: 16th and I Streets NW
Time of Harassment: Day Time (9:30A-3:30P)
Vote for HBDC! TODAY and EVERY DAY this month in the Pepsi Refresh Challenge so that we can secure $50K to bring RightRides to DC. Vote for us online here and by texting 101523 to 73774. After you vote for us, use your other 9 votes to vote for Street Yoga, Becky's Fund, and BodyLogique.


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In this edition of our editor's picks, we would like to present you our best finds from the current winter sales. For that, each member of our editorial team choose her favorite fashion item from the current sales and also tells why her choice fell upon this piece.
As clearance already started early this year, we could not help ourselves but went straight to the store! Our team literally had no choice! Go ahead and see below our selection.
Editor's Picks – Best Of Sales
Marta's pick: SMH City Bag
€ 59,95 € 29,95
"Velvet is my favorite trend of this winter. Pants, jumpers, shoes, bags – I can't get enough of it. When I saw this bordeaux coloured velvet bag it was love at first sight!"
Lea's pick: SMH Leather Booties
€ 89,95 € 44,95
"Black leather booties are one of the basic pieces of my wardrobe. Because my style is chic but rather plain, I wear them a lot, so I like to have a little choice and variation. The SMH booties are beautiful, classy and also very trendy with the marble plexi heel."
Fran's pick: EMU Stinger Mini Boots
€ 150 € 99,95
"You either love or hate these kind of boots – I definitely love them. When it's really cold and already the thought of setting a foot outside gives me goosebumps, my beloved EMU Australia boots are the only shoes that I can wear. I've had my first pair for 4 years now, so it's time to get a new one in a different colour."
Tati's pick: NIKE Classic Cortez Leather Sneakers
€ 84,95 € 59,95
"If the rare case happens that a classic retro sneakers model is on sale, you can't NOT get it – especially when it is in a metallic color! Being a huge sneakers fan, I could not believe my eyes when I saw that these classics were actually on sale!"
Selma's pick: MICHAEL KORS Crossover Bag
€ 225 € 119
"Finding a designer piece for a reasonable price is almost impossible. This is what sales are for! Still on the hunt for a nice bag that completes my outfit for this year's ball season, I stumbled over this beauty. I can't wait to wear it again and again!"


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Unreal Tournament OST - Foregone Destruction (Extended) MP3
Extended version of Foregone Destruction by Michiel van den Bos from Unreal Tournament 99. No more need for replay button.
Foregone Destruction (Facing Worlds) - Unreal Tournament MP3
Take it back to 1999 with Foregone Destruction, a track well known to any Unreal Tournament player.
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Unreal - Foregone Destruction - Playing In Renoise - 720p MP3
I found out that people were looking for the original file of this. The track was originally made in Impulse Tracker, hence the .it extension the track has. Many older ...
Michiel van den Bos - Foregone Destruction (Nexus & Tight Bootleg) MP3
A very cheeky bootleg of a track from the old Unreal Tournament game, big love to Nexus & Tight as per usual for this one, with his recent release on liquicity, ...
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Subscribe for more great Soundtracks! Music from Epic Games Soundtrack Unreal Tournament Michiel Van Den Bos DISCLAIMER. I do not claim any rights of ...
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This is the real version of Foregone Destruction, released with the first Bonus Pack for UT3. This is NOT the early version that was released on the UT3 OST.
Unreal Tournament - "Foregone Destruction" MP3
"Foregone Destruction" from Epic Games' Unreal Tournament (PC, PS2, DC).
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here is my classic soundtrack from unreal tournament foregone destruction download here on my game remix album ...
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Nice bootleg by Nexus & Tight. The original is an OST from the game 'Unreal Tournament'. ▻ Subscribe to the channel: http://goo.gl/kkf1lh ▻ FREE Download: ...
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Foregone Destruction (UT99) - MobiusIII Remix MP3
Trance remix of Forgone Destruction from Unreal Tournament! Made in FL Studio 10. Comment and subscribe if you like - more is on the way! This song is ...
Community Chest 3 [Doom II] Map 06 - Foregone Destruction - UV-Max in 4:02 MP3
Community Chest 3 is a 2007 Megawad for Doom II consisting of maps made by members of the Doomworld community, this video is for Map 06 'Foregone ...
Unreal Tournament OST - {{Foregone Destruction}} - Michiel van den Bos MP3
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Unreal Tournament 3 Official Soundtrack Composed by Rom Di Prisco & Jesper Kyd.
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My third song. This time i made remix of my favorite track of my favorite map in UT series.. I change to normal style of making music and this have effects than my ...
ut99 Foregone Destruction Remix MP3
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Listen to the full track in HIGH QUALITY here: http://soundcloud.com/two-beans/2b-foregone-destruction-skaarj-assault-remix-loud Two Beans Mixing 'Foregone ...
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Foregone Destruction (Foregone.s3m). Used in Unreal Tournament. Made by: Michiel van den Bos [game] - [author] - [title] - [track] Filename is included in video.
Unreal Tournament 3 Music - Foregone Destruction (Action) MP3
UT 3 Music. (Action theme of foregone destruction)


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3843 Westhaven Court, Pinckney 48169
See more homes for sale in Pinckney, MI
This property has been Sold!
07/01/2016 at $254,000
Welcoming home on a wooded lot situated in a quiet community just minutes from Pinckney's Chain of Lakes. Filled with bountiful amounts of natural light, this wonderful three bedroom home is well designed and features a spacious kitchen and breakfast nook that open into the living room adorned with a cozy gas fireplace. Versatile dining room can also be used as a first floor study. Dine on the huge deck overlooking the wooded back yard or enjoy your morning coffee in the sunny breakfast nook with built-in desk space. Professionally finished basement offers plenty space for work and play and features daylight windows, a half bathroom, and study space. Additional features include updated bathrooms garnished with tile and granite surfaces, a first floor laundry room, an extra deep 2 car heated garage, new roof, updated AC and furnace, reverse osmosis system, central vacuum system, a large storage shed and a beautiful, professionally landscaped yard.
Property Information
- Status
- Sold
- Address
- 3843 Westhaven Court
- City
- Pinckney
- Zip
- 48169
- County
- Livingston
- Township
- Hamburg Township
- Possession
- Zoning
- Listing Date
- 05/02/2016
- Total Finished SqFt
- 2,870
- Lower Finished SqFt
- 900
- Above Grade SqFt
- 1,970
- Garage Desc.
- Attached, Door Opener, Heated
- Water
- Well
- Sewer
- Septic
- Year Built
- 1998
- Home Style
- 2 Story
School Information
- School District
- Pinckney
- Elementary School
- Pinckney
- Middle School
- Pinckney
- High School
- Pinckney
- Summer Taxes
- $866
- Winter Taxes
- $1,423
- Association Fee
- $250
Rooms and Land
- MasterBedroom
- 2nd Floor
- Bedroom2
- 2nd Floor
- Bedroom3
- 2nd Floor
- Breakfast
- 1st Floor
- Dining
- 1st Floor
- Family
- Lower Floor
- Kitchen
- 1st Floor
- Living
- 1st Floor
- Basement
- Daylight, Finished, Full
- Cooling
- Central
- Heating
- Forced Air, Gas
- Acreage
- 0.41
- Lot Dimensions
- 0.41 Acres
- Appliances
- Dishwasher, Disposal, Microwave, Range/Oven, Refrigerator
- Fireplace Desc.
- Gas, One
- Interior Features
- Ceiling Fan(s), Central Vacuum, Master Bath, Spa Tub
- Exterior Materials
- Brick/Vinyl
- Exterior Features
- Cable Available, Deck, Invisible Fence, Porch, Shed, Sprinkler System
Listing Video for 3843 Westhaven Court, Pinckney MI 48169
Mortgage Calculator
Listing Broker
Listing Courtesy of Coldwell Banker Weir Manuel
Office Address 2723 S State Street, Ste 130
Listings last updated: . Some properties that appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have been sold and may no longer be available.
Our Michigan real estate agents can answer all of your questions about 3843 Westhaven Court, Pinckney MI 48169. Real Estate One, Max Broock Realtors, and J&J Realtors are part of the Real Estate One Family of Companies and dominate the Pinckney, Michigan real estate market. To sell or buy a home in Pinckney, Michigan, contact our real estate agents as we know the Pinckney, Michigan real estate market better than anyone with over 100 years of experience in Pinckney, Michigan real estate for sale.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site appears in part from the IDX programs of our Multiple Listing Services. Real Estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Real Estate One includes the name and address of the listing broker where available.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
Provided through Ann Arbor Association Board of Realtors. © 2017 Ann Arbor Associate Board of Realtors Ltd. shareholders.


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We will be live blogging New York Gov. David Paterson's 3 p.m. press conference in New York City, where he is expected to announce he will end his campaign for governor.
Updated at 3:03 p.m. ET. An aide just announced that the governor is running late. It should start in about five minutes.
Updated at 3:16 p.m. ET. Paterson starts off by defending his record as governor on education, health care, crime and other issues. "There's more work to do . . . but I am being realistic about politics."
Updated at 3:17 p.m. ET. "Today I am announcing that I am ending my campaign for governor of the state of New York."
Updated at 3:19 p.m. ET. The governor says he will stay on the job. "I have never abused my office -- not now, not ever."
Updated at 3:20 p.m. ET. He declined to endorse state Attorney General Andrew Cuomo, who is expected to run for governor.
Updated at 3:22 p.m. ET. He ends the press conference by saying he has been accused of things that he didn't do.
Updated at 3:25 p.m. ET. The governor did not directly address the New York Times story that sparked this announcement.
The case involved David Johnson, 37, a top aide to the governor, who was accused of assault by a female companion. The Times has reported that Paterson spoke to the woman Feb. 7, one day before she was scheduled to appear in court. She failed to appear and the case was dismissed. USA TODAY's Fredreka Schouten has more on the case and how the governor reached his decision here.
Updated at 3:32 p.m. ET. The New York Times has a story about Paterson's announcement here. The Times quotes New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg as saying the episode is hurting the state. "It's not good for the state to have a state government that isn't functioning as well as we need it to function in these very tough economic times," the mayor told the Times.
Updated at 5:14 p.m. ET. Cuomo, whose father was a two-term governor, released a statement saying he is not prepared to say whether he will run for governor, AP is reporting. "I will announce my plans at the appropriate time," he said.
WCBS-TV footage of Paterson's announcement:
(Posted by Eugene Kiely)
Catalina Camia leads the OnPolitics online community and has been at USA TODAY since 2005. She has been a reporter or editor covering politics and Congress for two decades, including stints at The Dallas Morning News and Congressional Quarterly. Follow her at @USATOnPolitics.
USA TODAY's Jackie Kucinich (@jfkucinich) and Fredreka Schouten (@fschouten) also contribute to the OnPolitics blog.


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1. It's The Lazy Girls Uniform: We are all about that one piece no fuss life. Yup I'm lazy and I know and my closet full of dresses shows it.
2. Free Air Conditioning – Need I say more?
3. Every day Is A Runway – They never hide your awesome shoes.
4.They Fund Our Habits! – No need to work harder just reallocate! Being that we only have to buy one piece of clothing just reallocate the money you would have spent on pants to a pair of shoes. See super easy and you didn't even have to go into the savings!
5. FREE Compliments –Because dresses say so much and so little at the same time, people never usually know what's so great about your look, but they know it's something! Getting hit with wow you look nice today usually accompanies a great dress.
6. You Always Look Put Together! – You always look like you took an hour to get ready when in reality it took you 20 minutes. #Winning
7.They Save You Gas Money: Drinks after work.. Sure! No need to go jump in the care to borrow from a close friends closet, you look fine! Brunch with the beau runs into dinner, no need to go home and change, just switch out the lip gloss for lipstick and you are good to go!
8.They always have your back: Dresses are like the perfect guy you can take to any event, we all want that right? Feeling fat, throw on a maxi dress, wanna go BoHo Chic, throw on a maxi dress, didn't shave your legs THROW ON A MAXI DRESS. See where I'm going with this.


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The grease that you need. Not more, not less
Contact me
Less maintenance and optimized lubrication. You can check the level of grease in the cartridge from the excavator cabin.
Our ContiLube (TM) II self-priming lubrication pump comes with adjustable grease volume
Directly mounted on the hydraulic breaker and supports uninterrupted operation and optimized lubrication
ContiLube (TM) II micro version for SB 52-SB 552 models, ContiLube (TM) II for SB 702 upwards
ContiLube (TM) II series keeps your hydraulic breaker working. Safe time compared to manual greasing and make sure your breaker gets the amount of grease that´s needed. Not more, not less.
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text: Three toilets and one tap were among the 160 Team WaterAid runners completing the event, which was once again blessed with glorious winter weather for running. Lauren Scarlett, Events Fundraising Officer, said: "A big thanks to our fantastic supporters who ran the Brighton Half Marathon to raise money for WaterAid's work, and to those volunteers who helped on the day and cheered our runners along. "There was a great atmosphere at all the WaterAid points, which helped raise our profile and made it a more enjoyable day for everyone." The 23rd outing of the popular seafront race attracted 10,000 athletes of all abilities. WaterAid volunteers manned a much needed water station at mile 11 and had time to celebrate and hand out bananas and other refreshments to our worthy runners at the WaterAid marquee near the finish line. There will be more than 100 runners supporting WaterAid at the fourth Brighton Marathon on 14 April, and a similar number running for us in the London Marathon on 21 April. If you're running one of the marathons and aren't already supporting a charity, why not support WaterAid? Email [email protected] for more information or visit our Events section to see what other events we are involved in.


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Preservation commission hears update on Breakers welcome center proposal
Written by NBC 10, May 11, 2017
Newport Celebrates Annual Police Parade
Written by NBC 10, May 7, 2017
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