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INTELLIGENCE AND CYBERSECURITY SEMINAR SERIES. Transforming Your Research and Analytic Skills
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1 INTELLIGENCE AND CYBERSECURITY SEMINAR SERIES Transforming Your Research and Analytic Skills Spring 2015
2 Contents A 21st Century Skillset 3 Course Dates 5 Course Fees 6 Open Source Intelligence 7 Advanced OSINT 9 Social Media Intelligence 11 Cybersecurity 13 Intelligence Analysis and Reporting 15 Additional Information 17 The Organisers 18 The Instructor 19 Contact Us 20 2
3 A 21st Century Skillset The Global Governance Institute and i-intelligence are pleased to announce the next iteration of their intelligence and cybersecurity seminars in Brussels. Designed and developed by leading faculty and experts from industry, government and academia, our seminars will provide you with the research, analytic and technical skills you need to advance your career in the coming decade. Specifically, we will show you how to: - Improve the quality, accuracy and relevance of your search results - Automate the collection of mission or business critical data using free web tools - Enhance your critical thinking and analytical skills - Produce world class reports and presentations - Monitor social media to support strategic and operational decision making - Improve your online privacy and security - Protect the physical and digital data assets of your organisation - Boost your efficiency and productivity in the workplace Quality Education Our seminars offer the perfect blend of theory and practice. Participants will be introduced to the concepts and models that inform today s best practices, and will be given ample time to experiment with the tools, techniques and technologies that are taught. In addition to the course slides, participants will receive a host of supplementary materials including cheat sheets, templates, software tools and additional reading materials to enable self-study. 3
4 Professionally Relevant Our seminars guarantee measurable outcomes. Our curricula are designed around professional standards and best practices. We draw on the experience of the world s foremost practitioners and use real-world case studies and simulations to help students internalise lessons learned and apply these skills in the workplace. Cost Effective We are committed to making instruction in intelligence and cybersecurity as affordable as possible. Our seminars have been competitively priced to help organisations and individuals of all backgrounds acquire and employ a 21st century skillset. Group discounts are available for organisations wishing to send more than one participant. Contact us to find out more. Who Should Attend Our seminars are relevant to all professionals, regardless of their background or career ambitions. That said, they have been optimised to support the work of: - Diplomatic staff and foreign affairs professionals - Law enforcement and intelligence practitioners - Defence professionals - Researchers, analysts and desk officers - Risk managers and consultants - Chief information officers - Fraud investigators - Strategy professionals - Journalists - Academics and students 4
5 Course Dates Spring 2015 seminars will take place on the following dates: Cybersecurity: March 2015 Open Source Intelligence: March 2015 Advanced Open Source Intelligence: March 2015 Analysis and Reporting: March 2015 Social Media Intelligence: March
6 Course Fees The following fees apply for participation at our seminars. Payment should be made in advanced of the course to an account specified by the organisers. OSINT Advanced SOCMINT Cybersecurity Analysis + OSINT Reporting Corporate 1,000 1, ,000 1,700 Military ,200 Law Enforcement ,200 Government ,200 Media ,200 Non-Profit ,200 Student Student applicants have to provide written confirmation from an academic institution that they are enrolled in a full or part time program of education. 6
7 Open Source Intelligence This three-day seminar provides a detailed introduction to the discipline of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT). Participants will learn how to identify their intelligence needs and leverage a broad range of tools and sources to improve data collection, analysis and decision-making in their organisation. Course Outline Day 1 Introducing OSINT! OSINT in history, theory and practice The varieties of OSINT (online, offline, etc.) The benefits and limitations of OSINT The strategic and operational dimensions of OSINT Legal and ethical constraints Managing Requirements Working with intelligence customers Identifying collection requirements The Key Intelligence Topics (KITs) process Collection planning Collection frameworks Day 2 Effective Internet Exploitation Working with keywords Search strategies Search engines and operators Automating data collection Alert services Working with the Deep Web Working with Social Media Building a customized search engine Essential browser tools and extensions Safer Searching Privacy, anonymity and proxy tools Working with Tor and the Dark Web Day 3 Data Management and Exploitation Validating your search results Data processing and enrichment Organising data for analysis The pre-analysis checklist 7
8 Course Benefits On completion of this course, participants will have acquired the ability to: Identify and manage their intelligence requirements Improve the quality, accuracy and relevance of their search results Automate the collection of data from the web and social media Build a personal monitoring system to support strategy and decision making Improve online privacy, anonymity and security Organise data to identify knowledge gaps and support effective analysis Course Requirements Participants are required to bring a laptop with them and to set up a Gmail and Twitter account if they do not already have one. 8
9 Advanced OSINT This three-day seminar builds on the content of our introductory OSINT course. The objective here is to extend the OSINT professional s skillset, allowing them to exploit a broader range of sources and data types. Emphasis is also given to the importance of human and cultural intelligence as a compliment to one s online skills. Course Outline Day 1 Advanced Data Collection Google Hacking the Deep Web Web rippers and scrapers Feed manipulation and processing tools Working with open data and APIs Day 2 Web Intelligence Whois, DNS and IP tools Site mapping tracing and validation Metadata exploitation Network analysis with Maltego Day 3 Geospatial Intelligence Maps and mapping tools Working with geolocational data Generating data from social media Crisis mapping with Ushahidi Human Intelligence Identifying and working with experts Leveraging social networks Professional networks and associations Interview and elicitation skills Analysing for duplicity and deception Cultural Intelligence Varieties, benefits and limitations Gathering and analysing CULTINT Incorporating CULTINT into your analytic products Communicating CULTINT to decision makers 9
10 Course Benefits On completion of this course, participants will have acquired the ability to: Automate data collection and processing using free web-based tools Identify the ownership and provenance of websites and other resources Conduct web reconnaissance on organisations and individuals of interest Leverage geospatial data for strategic and operational intelligence purposes Identify and work with human sources of intelligence Course Requirements Participants are required to bring a laptop with them and to set up a Gmail, Yahoo and Twitter account if they do not already have one. Additional software requirements will be sent prior to the start of the course. We also recommend that participants on our Advanced OSINT program first take our Open Source Intelligence seminar to ensure they understand the technical standards and operating principles that underpin data collection and analysis. 10
11 Social Media Intelligence This two-day course will demonstrate how to generate strategic and operational intelligence from social media sources. Participants will be shown how to collect, process, analyse and communicate social medial intelligence (SOCMINT) using free tools and standard office productivity software. Further, they will be shown how to identify and engage leading voices, and how to use social media to advance their organisation s interests and objectives. Course Outline Day 1 Introducing SOCMINT Social media: it s history and evolution The variety of SOCMINT sources Defining requirements and metrics Legal and ethical considerations SOCMINT Monitoring Monitoring frameworks and approaches Keyword discovery and validation Source discovery and validation Monitoring hashtags and conversations Recommended tools, apps and extensions Developing your own SOCMINT dashboard Day 2 Measurement and Evaluation Identifying and engaging influencers Measuring reach and reputation Measuring sentiment Validating social media content Data latency and organisational response Analysis and Reporting Analytic tools and techniques Analysing and communicating SOCMINT results Distinguishing signals from noise 11
12 Course Benefits On completion of this course, participants will have acquired the ability to: Monitor a broad range of social media sources, including non-western ones Identify and follow leading voices and opinion makers Track the evolution of critical conversations and ideas Apply free tools and standard office software to analyse the data collected Use SOCMINT to support strategic planning, risk management and crisis response Course Requirements Participants are required to bring a laptop with them and to set up an anonymous Gmail, Twitter and Facebook account if they do not already have one. Additional software requirements will be sent prior to the start of the course. 12
13 Cybersecurity This three-day program provides a detailed introduction to the discipline of cybersecurity. Participants will be shown how to mitigate a range of cyber threats, and how to improve their privacy and security online. Further, they will apply the tools and techniques common to hackers so as to measure their own vulnerability and that of their organisation. Guidance is also given on how to manage the physical threats to an organisation s information assets. Course Outline Day 1 The Internet! The Internet: What it is and how it works Key protocols and standards Critical infrastructures and their vulnerabilities Internet security: thinking in systems Cyber Risks Malware Phishing Cyber espionage Cyber extortion Denial of service attacks Wireless and mobile vulnerabilities Minimising Internet surveillance Mitigating cyber risks Day 2 Hacking and Hackers How hackers work The hacker s mindset The hacker s toolkit The hacker s methodology Social engineering Reducing your exposure to hackers Personal Cyber Security Privacy and security online Working with proxy tools Effective password security Reducing your digital footprint The risks of oversharing!!!!! 13
14 Day 3 Information Risk Management The principles of risk management Asset identification and evaluation Identifying information vulnerabilities Implementing information risk controls Business continuity planning Physical Security Identifying vulnerabilities Testing your physical security The insider threat Mitigating non-digital risks Course Benefits On completion of this course, participants will have acquired the ability to: Understand the Internet, how it works and its vulnerabilities Mitigate the most prevalent cyber risks using essential best practices Apply the tools and approaches used by hackers to build a security / target profile Identify, evaluate and mitigate digital and physical risks to one s information assets Develop a business continuity plan in the event of a security incident Course Requirements Participants are required to bring a laptop with them and to set up an anonymous Gmail, Twitter and Facebook account if they do not already have one. Additional software requirements will be sent prior to the start of the course. 14
15 Intelligence Analysis and Reporting This five-day program is dedicated to enhancing analysis and communications skills. Participants will be shown how to apply descriptive, predictive and prescriptive models of analysis, as well as how to develop their own analytic models to support critical thinking and problem solving. Further, they will be shown how to communicate their findings efficiently and effectively through written reports and oral presentations. Course Outline Day 1 Critical Thinking for Analysis Critical, creative and conceptual thinking skills Problem solving: key tools and techniques Charting for analysts Managing complexity and uncertainty Cognitive biases and their mitigation Day 2 Basic Analytic Techniques Assumption surfacing Hypothesis generation Environmental scanning Root cause analysis Issue analysis Actor / factor analysis Stakeholder analysis Idea generation techniques Day 3 Advanced Analytic Techniques Analysis of competing hypotheses Argument mapping Trend / impact analysis Course of action analysis Opportunity analysis!! 15
16 Day 4 Essential Writing Skills The varieties of intelligence product Developing and working with templates Collaborative intelligence: tools and approaches Writing to be read: effective writing skills Communicating risk, warning and uncertainty Self-editing and peer review Generating feedback Day 5 Essential Presentation Skills Developing oral briefings and presentations Effective presentation skills Multimedia intelligence products Web-based tools and resources Course Benefits On completion of this course, participants will have acquired the ability to: - Measure, manage and evaluate complexity and uncertainty - Employ a range of descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytic techniques - Develop their own analytic models to support critical and creative thinking - Prepare first class briefings and presentations - Identify and mitigate the risks of cognitive bias Course Requirements Participants are required to bring a laptop with them and to set up a Gmail, account if they do not already have one. Additional software requirements will be sent prior to the start of the course. 16
17 Additional Information Number of Participants The maximum number of participants per seminar is 15. This ensures a greater level of engagement, collaboration and guidance from the instructor. Course Hours The seminars will run from 9:00am to 5:30pm. This includes a one-hour lunch break and two twenty-minute coffee breaks. A buffet lunch will be served to participants on all days. Location All seminars will take place at The Global Governance Institute, Plennlaan 5, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. Language The language of instruction, together with all course materials, will be English. Registration and Enquiries To register, or for further information, please contact or Cancellation Policy Participants cancelling within a week of the seminar will be charged 80 per cent of the course fee. If you cannot attend, you are welcomed to have someone do so in your place and so avoid losing your registration fee. i-intelligence and the GGI reserve the right to cancel the course if there is an insufficient number of registrations. You will be given adequate notice if this is the case. A full outline of our terms and conditions will be submitted to each participant on enrollment. 17
18 The Organisers The Global Governance Institute The Global Governance Institute (GGI) is an independent, non-profit think tank based in Brussels. GGI brings together senior policymakers, scholars and practitioners from leading institutions to devise, strengthen and improve forward-looking approaches to global governance. The GGI provides comprehensive research, cutting-edge analysis and innovative advice on core policy issues, informed by a truly global perspective. This includes raising awareness on major governance challenges among the general public. The GGI has conducted research and policy-oriented advice for a variety of national and international bodies. At the heart of its approach lies independence and impartiality, and a deliberate mix of conceptual and policy-oriented perspectives, promoting 'pragmatic idealism' in global problem solving. i-intelligence i-intelligence is a commercial intelligence consultancy based in Zurich, Switzerland. Established in 2010, the company provides research, training and advisory services to public and private sector organisations in Europe and beyond. i-intelligence is a leading provider of holistic training solutions. Our course portfolio covers the entire intelligence cycle as well as related disciplines such as information and knowledge management, futures and foresight and risk and strategy analysis. The company s clients include EU and UN institutions, the Council of Europe, NATO, ministries of defence and foreign affairs, Fortune 500 companies and enterprising SMEs. 18
19 The Instructor Chris Pallaris is Director and Principal Consultant of i-intelligence. He leads and coordinates the company s research, teaching and consulting activities in Europe and beyond. Chris has over 15 years of experience as an analyst and 10 as a teacher. He is recognised as one of Europe's leading instructors in intelligence and its related disciplines. In addition to teaching engagements for his clients, he also holds a number of formal teaching positions. He is an Associate Lecturer at Mercyhurst University's Institute for Intelligence Studies. He also teaches courses in the domain of strategic intelligence and knowledge management at the ZHAW's School of Management and Law, and on behalf of the Rochester-Bern Executive MBA. He is also a regular instructor at the NATO School in Oberammergau, and at NATO s Centre of Excellence, Defence Against Terrorism (COE-DAT) in Ankara, Turkey. In addition to the above, Chris serves on the board of the European Open Source Intelligence (EUROSINT) Forum, where he chairs a working group on best practices in intelligence. He is also a board member of the European Information Network on International Relations and Area Studies (EINIRAS). Further, he sits on the Editorial Board of the Partnership for Peace (PfP) Consortium of Defence Academies and Security Studies Institutes. Chris has a degree in International History from the London School of Economics and Political Science, and an MBA from the Open University. 19
20 Contact Us Global Governance Institute Ziggy Vandebriel Tel: +32 (0) i-intelligence Chris Pallaris Tel: +41 (0)
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text:
reggiedunlop (182) The dub c, Pennsylvania | April 25, 2013| Updated May 1, 2013
Nice draft selection, standard uno menu so food is ok and prices are high....$16 for a personal pizza with 3 toppings is a bit much very loud but lots of tvs at the bar. cute bartenders but jackass clientele. would have been more enjoyable if i couldve eaten my pizza and watched the flyers without some jackass named roofo literally leaning into my space while bitching at his girlfriend who just got done work.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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News : Spanlink Expands Suite of Cloud Services
March 7, 2014 -- Managed services provider, Spanlink Communications has introduced Spanlink Cloud Services, a suite of Cisco-powered hosted services that span the entire Cisco Collaboration portfolio. Spanlink Cloud Services provides customers access to business voice and collaboration, HD video and contact centre technologies, including Unified Communications as a Service (UCaaS), Contact Centre as a Service (CCaaS) and TelePresence as a Service (TPaaS).
Spanlink's UCaaS offerings include voice over IP, voice messaging instant messaging and chat, Cisco Jabber, audio and web conferencing services and desktop video and mobility services. The company's CCaaS offerings include Cisco Contact Centre Enterprise functionality, ACD functionality built on a fully redundant call processing platform, secure and flexible customer service, multi-channel capabilities, expanded contact centre feature capabilities and the ability to scale seasonal agent capacity as needed.
Posted by Veronica Silva Cusi, news correspondent
Source: http://www.telecompaper.com
Related Editorial
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- Avaya Names ConvergeOne Partner of the Year and Services Partner of the Year
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About ConvergeOne:
ConvergeOne is one of the leading business communications specialists. With skills in Cisco based infrastructure, including security and wireless, collaboration, datacentre, virtualisation and storage technology. ConvergeOne works with its clients to deliver real business benefits that result in improved communications and efficiencies business wide.
Published: Tuesday, March 11, 2014


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Families along Britain's east coast were counting the cost of the worst tidal surges in 60 years yesterday with hundreds of homes flooded and some houses slipping into the North Sea.
Clean-up operations were under way in Boston, Lincs where hundreds of homes were swamped with up to 3ft of water, and Hemsby, Norfolk, where five clifftop homes and a disused lifeboat station were washed into the sea.
Thousands of people had been evacuated from coastal areas along the east coast on Thursday night with Norfolk police alone moving 9,000 to safety and many areas experiencing power cuts.
An estimated 1,400 homes were flooded including 300 in Boston, Lincolnshire, the Environment Agency said, while 400 homes in the Humber region were reportedly affected.
In some places sea levels were higher than those of 1953, which caused the worst coastal flooding ever seen in Britain, but tidal defences along the coast prevented emergency services' worst fears from being realised as many of the areas thought to be most at risk escaped relatively unscathed.
In Hemsby, Norfolk, five bungalows and a disused lifeboat station had been swept into the sea, while a further two homes were demolished and left teetering on the edge of the cliff.
Steven Connolly, 54, and his wife Jackie, 64, had decided not to retreat inland and were able to rescue their three-month-old kittens Tom and Jerry before their house of seven years was torn in two, with only the patio doors and a rear window left standing.
"Suddenly we heard a shout 'it's going, it's going' and we watched our kitchen get ripped apart," Mr Connolly said. "The whole house collapsed before our eyes."
One of the worst affected areas was Boston, Lincs where some residents had only 30 minutes' notice before a three-foot wall of water washed into almost 200 homes on Thursday night. Many were still without power yesterday.
Jane McGeachy, 45, said: "One minute the water was trickling over the wall and the next it was like a tsunami. It came pouring down the street in a surge.
"Everyone was screaming and panicking when it really started coming down the road. You just don't expect it."
Fears that two further tidal surges on Friday would cause more damage proved unfounded, as waters failed to reach the heights of Thursday night, when the spring tide was coupled with gale force winds.
But 12 severe flood warnings – the level that indicated a threat to life – remained in place last night around Boston, The Wash and the coast of Kent, but authorities advised people to remain vigilant.
Transport networks were severely affected with roads flooded and many rail services unable to run, following major disruption on Thursday from gale force winds which claimed the lives of two people.
On Thursday morning Robert Dellow, 54, a lorry driver from Suffolk, was killed when winds toppled his HGV in West Lothian. Hours later John Arthur White, 83, died after being hit by a falling tree in Retford, Nottinghamshire.
Most Scottish rail services reopened following a complete shutdown on Thursday, but trains in the Anglia region and north Wales, which was also hit by flooding, were suspended.
Many major roads were closed due to flooding including the A12 in Blythburgh in Suffolk; A16 in Boston in Lincolnshire, the A63 in Hull and the A178 in Hartlepool. Some roads in Kent were also flooded.
Thousands of families from Teesside to Essex returned to flood-hit areas yesterday morning with many anxious to discover what was left of their homes.
Flood-hit communities could at least look forward to dry conditions today with bright and sunny spells expected across much of the country.
After a bitter night, with temperatures as low as 27F (-3C) expected on the east coast of England, conditions should warm quickly reaching up to 8C in East Anglia and 11C in Wales.


text:
Wowing template. Click through in 20 steps. But we can move beyond the present.
Why? Here is something small... Here is some context. Provide some common ground.
Or something from the present, that we should look beyond. The
Interview Questions Planning Interview
Questions An Example: 30 Photo credits: 'horizon' by pierreyves @ flickr So... What do I need to know?
How do I want to introduce this person to the reader
What story does he/she have about "Coming of Age?"
What lessons did he/she learn from the experience?
What can I learn from their experience? The interviewee can answer with a quick answer, usually yes or no
These questions do not provide detailed information
Example: Did you enjoy playing on the team? Closed Questions Are answered with stories and details.
Get to the "juicy" information
Example: What can you tell me about playing with the team.
Open Ended Questions Follow Up Questions allow you to probe for more details or clarification about the previous answer.
Sometimes it is better to make-up a followup question on the spot than to move to the next question on your list.
Let the interview become a conversation instead of focusing on each and every prepared question.
At the end of the interview, make sure you have enough information to tell a good story following the basic narrative structure.
Before thanking the person for their time, you can always ask, "Is there anything I haven't asked about that you think will help me write my paper?"
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Report summary
Total's exploration performance has lagged behind that of its peers over the last 3 years. In September 2015, it revealed a new exploration strategy focused on delivering top quartile results. The refreshed strategy recognised the need to balance material volume additions through high-impact exploration, with lower-risk drilling. It will now invest 25% of its annual exploration budget on frontier prospects, down from 40% in previous years. A further 25% will be directed towards near-field exploration around existing discoveries, with the remaining 50% focused on core and emerging basins.
This report analyses Total's recent conventional and unconventional exploration performance, and reviews its strategy for future success. It is one of a series reports which evaluates and benchmarks the exploration results of the top 40 exploration companies. It includes analysis of discovered volume, full-cycle value creation and returns, and is accompanied by a detailed excel download.
What's included?
This report includes 2 file(s)
- Total oil and gas exploration summary PDF - 579.04 KB 17 Pages, 6 Tables, 18 Figures
- Total.xls XLS - 653.50 KB


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US social security
Residents of the Congress Heights section of Washington DC tell of the devastating impact the president's plan to cut food stamps would have on their families
Sociologist Matthew Desmond on the genesis of Evicted, his acclaimed book about the housing crisis gripping the US
When we deny food stamps to ex-offenders we set them up to failChandra BozelkoThere's no question that returning citizens should get the assistance they need – not doing so is cruel and foolish
Kathryn Edin says the UK should think very carefully before following the US approach and cutting welfare to the bone
Democratic hopeful will lay out goal of ensuring within two terms of office that 50% of Americans have enough retirement savings
Democratic presidential hopeful renews calls for expansion of benefits and warns that Republicans will try to undermine Medicare and pensions
Findings by US inspector general, seen in advance by Associated Press, say 130 linked to wartime atrocities were able to receive social security payments
Measure heads to Obama's desk as Republicans call on White House to explain how Nazis received benefits
The great austerity shell gameRichard Wolff
Richard Wolff: Here's how the capitalist scam works: let government borrow for crisis bailouts, then insist cuts pay for them. Guess who loses
Michael Cohen: On politics, domestic and foreign Dear GOP: trimming the deficit right now is an incredibly stupid idea
Michael Cohen: It's highly unlikely there will be any 'grand bargin' budget deal, but that's actually better for the US (and global) economy
Mark Weisbrot: As Obama looks for a budget deal to forestall another shutdown, he should know a majority of Americans back economic justice
Jana Kasperkevic: Default would affect unemployment, stocks, Medicare and more. It may be time to channel your inner doomsday prepper
Amy Goodman: Americans are stuck with an absurdly costly and unfair health system. There's a simple, effective cure: Medicare for all
The American dream has become a burden for mostGary Younge
Gary Younge: As wages stagnate and costs rise, US workers recognise the guiding ideal of this nation for the delusional myth it is
Lord Falconer, who helped introduce Terrorism Act 2000, criticises home secretary's backing of police action at Heathrow
Heidi Moore: Wonder why benefit spending is rising? Simple: corporations get away with crappy wages, so government has to make up the rest
On gender and other agendas The 'religious freedom' ploy to block healthcare coverage of birth controlJill Filipovic
Jill Filipovic: Rightwing Christians are abusing the right to religious liberty to impose their views on others and restrict access to contraception
The economics of the sequester Sequester hysterics obscure the reality of Obama's budget planDean Baker
Dean Baker: The sequester will slow growth, but the real problem is Obama has ceded so much to the Republicans' deficit-cutting agenda
The rightwing donors who fuel America's culture warsKatherine Stewart
Katherine Stewart: In general, US public opinion is trending liberal. Not that you'd know it from state legislatures bought by conservative dollars
Traditional retirement savings strategies are fast becoming a thing of the past – social security is just about all we've got
Teresa Puente: Let's hear the Republican senator credit all the undocumented who already act like US citizens, making good and paying taxes
Helaine Olen: Republicans insist the government is spending too much on social security. Their solution? Something called chained CPI
Anne Daguerre: The GOP is desperate to use cuts to entitlement programs to score over Obama, but Republicans have misread his agenda
Dean Baker: Policy-making elites would have us believe a smaller workforce spells the end of prosperity. Actually, it spells redistribution
Heidi Moore: Obama says the US is not a 'deadbeat nation' about to default. But if Congress won't raise the debt ceiling, then actually it is
Michael Cohen: On politics, domestic and foreign Republicans talk the talk on spending cuts – but won't walk the walk
Michael Cohen: As the debt ceiling looms, a GOP refrain of 'excessive spending' is thunderous. Ask what to cut, the silence is deafening
Mark Weisbrot: Not only is he the world's best-known economist, Krugman has the intellect and integrity to resist Wall Street's calls for austerity
Dean Baker: The president won re-election promising to raise taxes on those earning more than $250,000. Now he's already capitulating


text:
Laptop program controversial, but effective
By Tom Lappas, Citizen Editor 04/29/11
It is possible to argue, with only a limited degree of panache, that no event in the first 390 years of Henrico County's existence brought it such widespread attention as one that occurred only 10 days shy of 10 years ago.
Within the boundaries of Central Virginia, locals may associate the county's image with Pocahontas, the Citie of Henricus, its Civil War battles or its modern-day fiscal responsibility.
But if the rest of the world is familiar with Henrico, it's likely the result of something else entirely: iBooks.
When Henrico County Public Schools officials announced May 1, 2001 that they would lease 23,000 of the laptop computers from Apple and supply one to every high school and middle school student and teacher in the district, the echoes were heard throughout the nation and even around the globe. Henrico had implanted its mark on the face of education and technology as the first school system to begin such a "one-to-one" computer-to-student laptop initiative. The act ranks 17th on the Henrico Citizen's list of the most significant moments in Henrico history.
Mixed emotions
Controversial. Brilliant. Wasteful. Exciting. Dangerous.
Reactions to the agreement were passionate and mixed from the moment it was announced. Apple CEO Steve Jobs termed the four-year, $18.6-million deal "mammoth" – because it was. The purchase represented the largest single sale of laptop computers in education. It also signaled the beginning of a new era of technology and its practical applications in the classroom – and placed Henrico on the crest of that fast-approaching wave.
From a national and international perspective, educators viewed the announcement through mostly rosy glasses, some tinted with a hint of envy. Other districts had considered similar initiatives, but none had taken the plunge.
But within Henrico, the announcement faced far more skepticism.
"I think generally we got high accolades just about everywhere except here at home," said Stuart Myers, who was intimately involved in the agreement as the Tuckahoe District representative on the School Board at the time.
The decision came as a surprise to citizens of the county. The School Board had not sought public opinion about the possibility of beginning such an initiative. It hadn't established a pilot laptop program to determine how to best implement such an effort in all of its high schools. It hadn't provided teachers with the training they would need to integrate the laptops into their courses effectively.
Each idea, opponents later argued, would have been appropriate at worst – and at best would have resulted in considerable savings of time, energy and headache.
It was then-Henrico Superintendent Mark Edwards who brought the idea to the School Board, Myers said, after conversations with Apple and an unsolicited offer by the computer giant.
"He said, 'What would you think if we could make this happen?'" Myers recalled. Money existed within the School Board's budget to pay for the computers, and School Board members reacted positively to the suggestion.
Edwards knew the process would not be entirely smooth, but he wanted to push forward with a full launch of the program that fall anyway.
"He always said, 'The pioneers take the first arrows,'" Myers recalled.
Challenges and successes
Predictably, the first year of the initiative came with its share of problems.
Enterprising students figured out ways to circumvent internet blocks to access pornography and other inappropriate content. A few figured out how to hack into school system sites. Students whose laptops needed repairs sometimes had to wait weeks for the machines to be fixed.
Vocal groups of citizens who opposed the program worried that the laptops were meant to replace textbooks entirely. Some demanded direct evidence that laptops would improve test scores and classroom learning, in order to justify the expense of their purchase. Others feared that teachers would feel obligated to use the laptops for classroom lessons that didn't necessarily require them.
But, Myers said, the goal of the initiative was simple.
"It was just a quantum leap forward in providing information access," he said. "It allowed us to provide a lot of things at the students' fingertips. But this was not all new information – it was just a different way of providing it."
Proponents argued that the initiative provided access to technology to all students – evening the playing field for those who may not have had a family or personal computer previously. It also allowed students to learn more creatively, they said, through lessons that could come to life every day.
It didn't take long for curious officials from school districts near and far to come calling.
"We had representatives from school systems all over the country come in and see what we did, how we did it," Myers said, admitting that the amount of national and international attention Henrico received was surprising. "We knew we were going to get a certain amount of press, but we didn't do it for that reason."
Before long, Henrico was not the only school system to initiate such a program. Today, there are hundreds that have done so.
"What's so surprising is how commonplace and ordinary everyone thinks it is now," Myers said. "Ho hum. If a school system goes out and buys 10,000 computers, nobody thinks that's news."
Lasting legacy
In the years since that announcement a decade ago, the initiative has continued. Two new School Boards have evaluated the program, but both opted to keep it. Several years ago, the board funded the most in-depth study ever conducted on the pros and cons of such an initiative, which concluded the computers are an effective tool for students and that they may be more effective in certain disciplines than in others.
Ironically, perhaps, the program continues without Apple. The School Board rebuffed an unsolicited offer by Apple to renew the lease with one year remaining on the original contract, then surprised many observers by dumping Apple for a four-year contract for high school laptops with Dell in 2005. Apple won a second contract for middle school computers the following year but lost out to Dell last year when that contract expired.
The lasting impact of the school system's original decision may be difficult to fully gauge, but Myers believes it firmly stamped Henrico's name on the educational map forever and made the county even more attractive to potential businesses and residents looking to locate in an education-centric place.
"It was just indicative of the fact that Henrico is a leading jurisdiction in many factors," he said, "that we are forward-thinkers, we're willing to look beyond the norm, willing to go out on a limb for something we believe is an improvement.
"We already had a good image. This polished that image a little bit."
Eyes in the sky
By Patty Kruszewski, Citizen Managing Editor 07/21/2017 General NewsGovernment
Members of the Henrico Citizens Police Academy Alumni (pictured) got a rare peek at the "high" side of law enforcement recently, with a trip to the Metro Aviation Hangar adjacent to Richmond International Airport.
About 25 academy alumni gathered at the hangar July 11 to hear Officer Shaun McCarthy describe a typical day aloft - and some not so typical – in a Cessna owned by the Metro Aviation Unit. > Read more.
Rock on!
By Patty Kruszewski, Citizen Managing Editor 07/21/2017 FeaturesGeneral News
The painted rocks craze is thriving in Henrico, as a walk around the grounds of local libraries and parks will demonstrate. This rock was spotted near Libbie Mill Library, and there's a slideshow of many more uniquely-painted stones on the RVA Rocks Facebook page (https://facebook.com/groups/RVARocks/).
Painting and hiding rocks is a family activity appropriate for all ages, and parents especially like the way it fosters creativity and gets kids outdoors. > Read more.
Goochland man arrested at RIC with gun
Citizen Staff Reports 07/20/2017 General NewsPublic Safety
A Goochland County man was arrested at Richmond International Airport July 19 after Transportation Security Administration officers found a loaded semi-automatic handgun in the traveler's carry-on bag.
A TSA officer detected the 9 mm caliber handgun inside the man's carry-on bag as it entered the security checkpoint X-ray machine. The handgun was loaded with 12 bullets. > Read more.
Kansas man struck, killed while crossing West Broad Street
Citizen Staff Reports 07/20/2017 General NewsPublic Safety
A 54-year-old Kansas man was struck and killed by a car while attempting to cross West Broad Street near Bethlehem Road in the Near West End at about 10:30 p.m., July 19.
Julius A. McBride of Overland Park, Kansas, was struck by a car traveling east on West Broad Street. > Read more.
Julius A. McBride of Overland Park, Kansas, was struck by a car traveling east on West Broad Street. > Read more.
Henrico Police warn citizens to 'Take it, Lock it or Lose it'
By Ashley Luck, Special to the Citizen 07/20/2017 General NewsPublic Safety
Eastern parts of Henrico County have witnessed a recent increase in larceny from automobiles, so Henrico Police officials are spreading the word to encourage citizens to lock their vehicles.
Police are handing out and posting fliers and putting message boards in neighborhoods to educate residents.
There usually is a rise of larceny from automobiles during Christmas, spring and summer break, said Henrico Police Officer James Bupp. > Read more.
Henrico Police warn citizens to 'Take it, Lock it or Lose it'
Glover to be inducted posthumously into Babe Ruth Hall of Fame
Rolls-Royce supplier lands in Henrico
New Walmart opens in Eastern Henrico
Unattended oily rags cause fire in commercial building near Richmond Raceway
- More News
Print Edition
Jul. 20, 2017Current edition | Archive
Weekend Top 10
'Five Flights' opens July 20 at CAT Theatre
Henrico actress lands role in Christian TV series
All's fair in food and fun
Restaurant Watch
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Obituary – Hoyle S. "Chick" Walters
Obituary – Janet Sue Vest
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Glen Allen woman raising companion dog
Guided tour of Malvern Hill planned as part of 'History at Sunset' series
Anthem LemonAid registration now open
- More Community
Growing a grown-up: Part II
How to grow an adult
Make 'em take the pledge: no more snuff boxes!
- More Opinions
Code Lacrosse joins Richmond Strikers
5 Henrico student-athletes win scholarships at awards dinner
RIR to host playoff race in 2018
- More Sports
|July 2017
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Your answer is one click away!
I've got 2 machines:
I need to run Visual Studio 2013 Release Management Client from both machines. The machine on my desktop works fine when entering either the IP address or the URL into the Release Management Server URL entry field and everything hooks up and all is glorious.
On my Windows 10 laptop however, it's a different story. Every attempt to connect is met with the error:
The server specified could not be reached. Please ensure the information that is entered is valid (please contact your Release Management administrator for assistance). <-- I'm the admin
I can ping the machine both with IP address and with hostname, ruling out DNS issues. Both client machines are on the same subnet. Both machines are using the same outbound port.
Checking the event log I see a bunch of
Message: The remote server returned an error: (401) Unauthorized.
Checking with Fiddler, on my desktop machine, I can walk through the handshake of each of the stages of startup and all is good. But in Fiddler on my laptop I see 3 401 Unauthorized errors before Release Management Client bombs and returns the rather uninformative message I posted above.
I've attempted to create a shadow account on my laptop and do the Shift-Right Click-Run As Different User dance, but I must be missing something because I can't get this to run.
I've talked to the network administrator who su
I would bet you simply have a security issue as the workstation is not domain-joined and the WPF client is using Integrated Authentication. Often creating a local "shadow" user with same username and password, and running the client app under that account (run as) works. Another option is to join the workstation to the domain or use a domain-joined VM.
After fully investigating the situation, it appears to have been a combination of factors. I am posting a response because this appears to be a relatively common problem:
Create a user account on the server that matches the credentials on your local machine including MACHINENAME\LocalUsername
There appeared to be a network issue when attempting to connect to the Release Management Server from the non-domain machine when connected inside the network. When connecting via the VPN from home, this situation was resolved, but only after we'd ensured the account and local machine accounts were correctly configured. The domain connected machine always connected properly.


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Port 68 Baldwin Lamp
$ 563.00
Named in honor of famed decorator Billy Baldwin, and inspired by one of his favorite wallpapers by Scalamandre; the Baldwin Lamp is hand painted porcelain with embellishments of solid brass hardware and a lucite stand. Crystal ball finial. Soft back rectangle tapered empire shade. Eggshell Linen, Cotton Fabric. Brass spider.
- Hand painted porcelain
- Solid brass hardware
- Lucite stand
- Crystal ball finial
- Soft back rectangle tapered empire shade
- Eggshell Linen/Cotton Fabric
- Brass spider
- Three way switch
- Max Wattage: 150W
- Porcelain, Lucite
- Dimensions: 17" w x 14" d x 33" h
- Shade Dimensions: (12" x 9") w x (17" x 14") d x 12.5" h


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No approved endorsements
About Mrs. milka nooij
Recruiter at Just for Sales.
Just for Sales is specialized in recruitment for salesjobs.

Just for Sales takes care of the activities concerning the search for and selection of the right candidates. The search for the wanted position with an outlined position profile is then started in consultation

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an appropriate combination of company culture and personal attitude will be made.
The impression other people have of the candidates may also be tested (through the D.A.S. model). A shortened personal analysis of the candidates will be made with reference to the position.

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Internet Studies/Information/Communication
An argument for retaining the notion of personal property in the products we "buy" in the digital marketplace.
How memetic media—aggregate texts that are collectively created, circulated, and transformed—become a part of public conversations that shape broader cultural debates.
The militarized legacy of the digital cloud: how the cloud grew out of older network technologies and politics.
How we can evade, protest, and sabotage today's pervasive digital surveillance by deploying more data, not less—and why we should.
Why we organize our personal digital data the way we do and how design of new PIM systems can help us manage our information more efficiently.
Why the troll problem is actually a culture problem: how online trolling fits comfortably within today's media landscape.
What we can learn about human nature from the informative, manipulative, confusing, and amusing messages at the bottom of the web.
How data from our health-related Internet searches can lead to discoveries about diseases and symptoms and help patients deal with diagnoses.
A guided tour through the Internet of Things, a networked world of connected devices, objects, and people that is changing the way we live and work.
How young people think about the moral and ethical dilemmas they encounter when they share and use online content and participate in online communities.


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Sold Out - $16.99
I know, I know, you've always wanted to be a Princess (or Channing Tatum) for the day. Use our Polyjuice Potion in your bath to assume the form of a beautiful Princess (or, insert name __________ of hot person). Be warned though, a little potion goes a looooong way. Use too much and the results may be permanent! WAIT. That might not be so bad...
Our Polyjuice Potion is a luxurious bath oil and bubble bath all wrapped up in one badass glass potion bottle. Fragranced with an abundance of fresh oranges, grapefruit, strawberries, ripe melon, peaches and kiwi.....sprinkled with a touch of sugar.
From the HP website....Polyjuice Potion recipe (and yes, this is how we made ours)
Anytime after brewing the first stage above, make the following additions:
Tag your Polyjuice Potion Bubbling Bath Oil photos with #polyjuicepotionbathoilfcs on Instagram.


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Ford F250 for Sale
Selected Filters:Type of Ad: Vehicles for Sale Make: Ford Model: F250 Remove All
1976 Ford F250 Flatbed
St. Louis, MO
1976 Ford F250 4×4 Pickup Same owner since 1998 – 19 years! Cosmetic restoration Assembled in Oakville, Ontario, Canada White and Bright Red exterior and red vinyl seat... More
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1953 Ford F250 PU
Staunton, IL
1953 Ford F250 PU, shop truck, older resto, all new wiring, good redone int, 6 cyl, 3 speed, runs and drives good... More
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1974 Ford F250
Brentwood, CA
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$1,827 (est.)
1978 Ford F250
1978 Ford F250 F25SLCD1572 for sale.... More
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1968 Ford F250 CUSTOM CAB
Redmond, OR
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Gilbert, AZ
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1971 Ford F250 4-Wheel Drive A MUST SEE!
Chula Vista, CA
I have a 1971 Ford F250 4 wheel drive fof sale. It has been completely gone through. It has a fresh paint, completely color... More
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1972 Ford F250 Classic Pick Up Truck - Long bed 2 wheel drive - Sport Custom390 FE big block .30 over V8 Engine RV cam,... More
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1966 Ford F250 Long Bed Camper Special
Beverly Hills, CA
1966 Ford F250 Long Bed Camper Special '66 Ford F250 Long Bed Camper Special in blue and white with blue interior. Comes equipped with a... More
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1975 Ford F250 4x4 Highboy
Reno, NV
This frame off restoration took 2.5 years and is now finished. About $35,000 invested. It has a rebuilt (top end only) 390 V8... More
1985 Ford F250 XL
Greensboro, NC
10,000 Actual Miles Truck 5.8 Liter 4V HO Engine Automatic Overdrive Transmission 4 Wheel Drive 4 Inch Rough Country Lift... More
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2016 Ford F250 Crew Cab 156 Lariat
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1972 Ford F250
Beverly Hills, CA
1972 Ford F-250 '72 Ford F-250 pickup truck in blue and white two-tone exterior over dark navy and light blue interior. Comes equipped with strong... More
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speak of the devil
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Related to speak of the devil: tempting fate
speak of the devil (and in he walks),and Talk of the devil (and he is sure to appear).
Prov. Talk about a certain person, and that person appears. (Used when someone appears whom you have just been talking about.) Alan: I haven't seen Bob for weeks. Jane: Look, here comes Bob right now. Alan: Well, talk of the devil. Hi, there. We were just talking about you. speak of the devil and in he walks.
speak of the devil(spoken)
the person we are talking about has just arrived Well, speak of the devil, here's Patrick now.
speak/talk of the devil(humorous)
something that you say when a person you are talking about arrives and you are not expecting them Apparently, Lisa went there and wasn't very impressed - oh, talk of the devil, here she is.
speak of the devil
The person just mentioned has appeared, as in Why, speak of the devil-there's Jeannie. This expression is a shortening of the older Speak of the devil and he's sure to appear, based on the superstition that pronouncing the devil's name will cause his arrival on the scene. The figurative use was already explained in James Kelly's Scottish Proverbs (1721).
speak of the devil
in. said when someone whose name has just been mentioned appears or is heard from. (Cliché.) And speak of the devil, here's Ted now.
speak of the devil
Acknowledgment of someone's unexpected arrival. The complete expression is "speak of the devil and he will appear," which is nothing that superstitious people wanted to have happen. As such a cautionary tale, the expression was not used in jest until the late 19th century. That's when responding to an unanticipated appearance with "speak of the devil" lost its dark satanic connotation.


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Development of the improved 'second-phase' engine for Russia's fifth-generation T-50 PAK FA fighter is nearing completion, according to TASS.
Komsomolsk-na-Amure Aviation Plant (KnAAZ) general director Alexander Pekarsh recently told the Russian news agency that the second-phase engine "is ready and working; testing is going according to plan".
The T-50 is Russia's most advanced fighter. Eight prototypes are conducting flight tests, while four are being assembled at KnAAZ. Prototypes have the 'first-phase' or 'Item 117S' (AL-41F1S) engine, which also powers the Su-35S fighter (KnAAZ assembles Sukhoi's T-50, Su-35S, and Su-30 fighters).
The developmental 'second-phase' engine is known as 'Item 30'. It reportedly features a reduced infrared signature, significantly increased thrust (up to 42,990 lb), supercruise, a 15-18% improvement in fuel efficiency, and lower life-cycle costs.
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Transcriptional programming during cell wall maturation in the expanding Arabidopsis stem
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New Balance 740 Worthy In White/Purple Available Now
Friday Aug 29 2014
The 740 Basketball silhouette from New Balance advances onto the fall season its most current colorway. The mid 80's basketball sneaker is constructed from an all white leather upper with contrasting purple hints on the tongue, side panel, and N logo. With the NBA season in near sight, the 740 Worthy is sure to be a fan-favorite on and off the court. Phone Orders 702-463-3322 or email@example.com.
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Arthritis is a general term that describes inflammation in joints. Inflammation is characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain in the joint.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a type of chronic (ongoing) arthritis that occurs in joints on both sides of the body (such as both hands, wrists, and/or knees). This symmetric multiple joint involvement helps distinguish rheumatoid arthritis from other types of arthritis.
In addition to affecting the joints, rheumatoid arthritis may occasionally affect organs outside of the joints including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, blood, nerves, or kidneys.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, meaning that patient's immune system (the body's infection-fighting system) is over-reacting against itself. The result can generate some or all of the symptoms as described below.
What are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
- Joint pain
- Joint swelling
- Stiffness – especially in the morning or after sitting for long periods
- Fatigue – best defined as tiredness and excessive sleepiness
How does rheumatoid arthritis affect people?
Rheumatoid arthritis affects each individual differently. In most people, joint symptoms may develop gradually over several years. In other people, rheumatoid arthritis may progress rapidly. A few people may have rheumatoid arthritis for a limited period of time and then enter a remission (a time with no symptoms).
Who is affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis affects more than 1.3 million people in the United States. It is 2.5 times more common in women than men. It usually occurs between the ages of 20 to 50; however, young children and the elderly can also develop rheumatoid arthritis.
What causes rheumatoid arthritis?
The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic factors, abnormal immunity, environmental factors, and hormonal factors.
Normally, the immune system protects the body from disease. In rheumatoid arthritis, something triggers the immune system to attack the joints and sometimes other organs. Suspected triggering factors for rheumatoid arthritis are infections, cigarette smoking and stress physical or emotional. Gender, heredity, and genes largely determine a person's risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. For example, women are about three times more likely than men to develop rheumatoid arthritis.
What are the results of joint inflammation?
Ultimately, uncontrolled inflammation leads to joint deformities due to destruction and wearing down of the cartilage which normally acts as a "shock absorber" in between joints. Eventually the bone itself erodes potentially leading to fusion of the joint which represents an effort of the body to protect itself from constant irritation from excessive inflammation. This process is mediated by specific cells and substances of the immune system which are produced locally in the joints but also circulate in the body causing systemic symptoms.
How is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?
The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is based on a combination of factors, including:
- Morning stiffness that lasts at least one hour and that has been present for at least six weeks
- Swelling of three or more joints for at least six weeks
- Swelling of the wrist, hand, or finger joints for at least six weeks
- Swelling of the same joints on both sides of the body
- Changes in hand x-rays that are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis
- Rheumatoid nodules of the skin
- Blood test positive for rheumatoid factor* and/or anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies
* The rheumatoid factor may be present in people who do not have rheumatoid arthritis. Other diseases can also cause the rheumatoid factor to be produced in the blood. A test called CCP antibody can sometimes help to determine whether the rheumatoid factor antibody is due to rheumatoid arthritis or some other disease. That is why the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is based on a combination of several factors and NOT just the presence of the rheumatoid factor in the blood.
It is also important to note that not all of these features are present in people with early rheumatoid arthritis, and these problems may be present in some people with other rheumatic conditions.
In some cases, it may be necessary to monitor the condition over time before a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis can be made with certainty.
How is rheumatoid arthritis treated?
The goals of rheumatoid arthritis treatment are as follows:
- To control a patient's signs and symptoms
- To prevent joint damage
- To maintain the patient's quality of life and ability to function.
Joint damage generally occurs within the first two years of diagnosis so it is important to early diagnose and treat RA in the so called "window of opportunity" to prevent long term consequences.
There are many different ways to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Treatments include medications, rest and exercise, physical therapy/occupational therapy, and surgery to correct damage to the joint.
The type of treatment prescribed will depend on several factors including the person's age, overall health, medical history and severity of the arthritis.
Non-pharmacologic therapies
Non-pharmacologic therapies include treatments other than medications and are the foundation of treatment for all people with rheumatoid arthritis.
When joints are inflamed, the risk of injury of the joint itself and the adjacent soft tissue structures (such as tendons and ligaments) is high. This is why inflamed joints should be rested. However, physical fitness should be maintained as much as possible. At the same time, maintaining a good range of motion in your joints and good fitness overall are important in coping with the systemic features of the disease.
Pain and stiffness often prompt people with rheumatoid arthritis to become inactive. However, inactivity can lead to a loss of joint motion, contractions, and a loss of muscle strength. These, in turn, decrease joint stability and further increase fatigue.
Regular exercise especially in a controlled fashion with the help of physical therapists and occupational therapists can help prevent and reverse these effects. Types of exercises that have been shown to be beneficial include range-of-motion exercises to preserve and restore joint motion, exercises to increase strength, and exercises to increase endurance (walking, swimming, and cycling).
Physical and occupational therapy
Physical and occupational therapy can relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and help preserve joint structure and function for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Specific types of therapy are used to address specific effects of rheumatoid arthritis:
- The application of heat or cold can relieve pain or stiffness.
- Use of ultrasound to help reduce inflammation of the sheaths surrounding tendons (tenosynovitis)
- Passive and active exercises to improve and maintain range of motion of the joints
- Rest and splinting to reduce joint pain and improve joint function
- Finger-splinting and other assistive devices to prevent deformities and improve hand function.
- Relaxation techniques to relieve secondary muscle spasm
Occupational therapists also focus on helping people with rheumatoid arthritis to be able to continue to actively participate in work and recreational activity with special attention to maintaining good function of the hands and arms.
Nutrition and dietary therapy
Weight loss may be recommended for overweight and obese people to reduce stress on inflamed joints.
People with rheumatoid arthritis have a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. High blood cholesterol is one risk factor for coronary disease that can respond to changes in diet. A nutritionist can recommend specific foods to eat or avoid in order to achieve a desirable cholesterol level.
Changes in diet have been investigated as treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, but there is no diet that is proven to cure rheumatoid arthritis. No herbal or nutritional supplements, such as cartilage or collagen, can cure rheumatoid arthritis. These treatments can be dangerous and are not usually recommended.
Smoking and alcohol
Smoking is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis and it has been shown that quitting smoking can improve the condition. People who smoke need to quit completely. Assistance in quitting should be obtained, if needed. Moderate alcohol consumption is not harmful to rheumatoid arthritis, although it may increase the risk of liver damage from some drugs such as methotrexate. People should discuss the safety of alcohol use with a doctor, because recommendations depend on the medications a person is taking and on their other medical conditions.
Measures to reduce bone loss
Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can cause bone loss, which can lead to osteoporosis. The use of prednisone further increases the risk of bone loss, especially in postmenopausal women. It is important to do risk assessment and address risk factors that can be changed in order to help prevent bone loss.
Patients may do the following to help minimize the bone loss associated with steroid therapy:
- Use the lowest possible dose of glucocorticoids for the shortest possible time, when possible, to minimize bone loss.
- Consume an adequate amount of calcium and vitamin D, either in the diet or by taking supplements.
- Use medications that can reduce bone loss, including that which is caused by glucocorticoids.
- Control the disease itself with appropriate medications prescribed by your doctor.
There are many medications available to decrease joint pain, swelling and inflammation and hopefully prevent or minimize the progression of the disease. The type of drugs that your doctor recommends will depend on how severe your arthritis is and how well you respond to the medications.
These medications include:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs – such as aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen)
- Corticosteroids (oral and injectable forms)
- COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib)
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and leflunomide
An improvement in symptoms may require four to six weeks of treatment with methotrexate. Improvement may require one to two months of treatment with sulfasalazine and two to three months of treatment with hydroxycholoroquine.
- Biologic agents (such as infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab and golimumab, tocilizumab, rituximab, abatacept, anakinra, tofacitinib) Biologics tend to work rapidly, within two weeks for some medications and within four to six weeks for others. Biologics may be used alone or in combination with other DMARDs. Usually they are reserved for patients who do not adequately respond to DMARDs, or if adverse prognostic factors are present.
DMARDs and biologic agents interfere with the immune system's ability to fight infection and should not be used in people with serious infections.
Testing for tuberculosis (TB) is needed before starting anti-TNF therapy. People who have evidence of prior TB infection should be treated for TB because there is an increased risk of developing active TB while receiving anti-TNF therapy.
Anti-TNF agents such as infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab and golimumab are not recommended for people who have lymphoma or who have been treated for lymphoma in the past. People with rheumatoid arthritis--especially those with severe disease--have an increased risk of lymphoma regardless of what treatment is used. Anti-TNF agents have been associated with a further increase in the risk of lymphoma in some studies but not others. More research is needed to define this risk.
Some of these medications are traditionally used to treat other conditions such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and malaria. When these drugs are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, the doses are significantly lower and the risks of side effects tend to be considerably less than when these drugs are used to treat cancer or other conditions.
However, the risk of side effects from treatment must be weighed against the benefits on an individual basis.
When you are prescribed any medication, it is important to meet with your physician regularly so he or she can detect the development of any side effects.
When bone damage from the arthritis has become severe or pain is not controlled with medications, surgery is an option to restore function to a damaged joint.
Is there hope for people with rheumatoid arthritis?
Yes. Although there is not yet a cure for rheumatoid arthritis, there are many effective methods available for decreasing the pain and inflammation and slowing down the disease process. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are of great importance.
Extensive research is in progress to determine the cause of rheumatoid arthritis and the best method of treatment.
- Arthritis Foundation. News from the Arthritis Foundation. Accessed 3/31/2014.
- Arthritis.com. What is Rheumatoid Arthritis Accessed 3/31/2014.
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis? Fast Facts: An Easy-to-Read Series of Publications for the Public Accessed 3/31/2014.
© Copyright 1995-2016 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All rights reserved.
This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. This document was last reviewed on: 3/25/2014...#4924