text:
It may only be to test product viability.
In the Feb. 14th Nintendo Direct, Satoru Iwata announced that Level-5's Inazuma Eleven would be available digitally on the Nintendo 3DS eShop, immediately. A Nintendo DS game, released in 2008, which spun off an anime and manga series in Japan, would be released to North America five and a half years later. Oh yeah, on top of that, you can watch the first three full episodes of the anime on the 3DS eShop. The first three of a 216 episode series. Why does it feel like Nintendo thinks it's grooming us for a pop cultural explosion?
Bravely Default came to North America, not as the original title, but as an updated, 1.5 version of Bravely Default: Flying Fairy. This may seem unrelated, but bear with me. This new title was to bear a strikingly honest subtitle in the Japanese release. Bravely Default: For the Sequel! It seems to be that Nintendo and SquareEnix are using this a way to gauge the viability of a subsequent release. Hopefully the gamer's pick it up.
Xenoblade Chronicles came to North American market in the Spring of 2012 after a two year wait. I say wait, and not delay, because Nintendo never particularly cared to bring the game over. It was an RPG developed by their internal studio, Monolith Soft, for a core local audience... and bizarrely, Europe. It was only after the incessant, and wonderfully productive, hammering of Operation Rainfall did Xenoblade Chronicles (in addition to The Last Story and Pandora's Tower) come to over the pond (choose whichever one you want). Could the rallying cry and moderate sales of these titles have given Nintendo the gumption to fully back Monolith's new title, X? Is that why it now has an international release and Xenoblade Chronicles didn't?
Inazuma Eleven has currently had 7 titles. I will not go into specifics, for the sake of potential spoilers and the fact that you can go look it up yourself. The first of these was just released in the North America, and has two sequels still in Japan. There are three Wii games. And finally, there is a single 3DS game currently released. To answer a question some may have asked already, we are likely getting the first game in the series because Nintendo and Level-5 may be considering rolling out the whole franchise relatively soon. Game, anime, manga. Level-5 is currently working on a second 3DS games, but that, nor it's predecessor, would be logical choices to initiate American gamers into the franchise. The first one would, and if it sold moderately well, how about some compilations later on to catch people up quickly. Maybe while the anime airs on Toonami, or whatever. Could they think this is a Pokemon size gold mine?
But on a larger level, are these purely business practices or is Nintendo double down on the homefront? Working closely with national talent from SquareEnix and Level-5 to help bring the JRPG product back into financial viability? Even going as far as to invest in their own internal JRPG machine, Monolith Soft. If true, and you want the next game in a series, better pony up the cost and let them know. Vote with your cash.
I openly admit that I do not have the answers, and lack the means to find definitive proof. This is conjecture and supposition only.
But could Nintendo actually be backing a genre as a business strategy? Has Nintendo heard the cry of the RPG gamer, is it just an industry trend, or are they missing the point completely?


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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 13, 1989
|Filing date
|May 22, 1987
|Priority date
|May 26, 1986
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Shuichiro Yamaguchi, Norio Daikuhara, Takeshi Shimomura
|Original Assignee
|Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (32), Non-Patent Citations (22), Referenced by (25), Classifications (13), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention:
This invention relates to a gas sensor capable of stably measuring gas concentration or gas partial pressure in a solution, living body or gas by the potentiometric response of an electrode. More particularly, the invention relates to a gas sensor for measuring carbon dioxide, ammonia gas, etc.
2. Description of the Prior Art:
A glass electrode is well-known as a gas sensor for sensing such gases as carbon dioxide gas and ammonia gas. The glass electrode has a thin internal solution layer retained between the sensitive portion of a pH sensor and a gas-permeable layer. Gas molecules which pass through the gas-permeable layer dissolve in the internal solution and change the pH thereof, which change is sensed by the pH sensor. However, since the electrode used in a sensor of this type is a glass electrode, the sensor breaks easily and is difficult to miniaturize. To eliminate these drawbacks, the inventors have disclosed a number of solid-state pH sensors, as described in the specifications of Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 59-281076, 60-35691, 60-53308 and 60-93176.
However, it has been found that even a gas sensor employing the aforementioned solid-state pH sensor experiences a deterioration in the ionic characteristics (particularly the ion sensitivity) of its electrode about one month. Another disadvantage is that the gas sensor is not suited to continuous monitoring because of a slow response with regard to the change in solution temperature.
An object of the present invention is to provide a miniature, sturdy solid-state gas sensor capable of in vivo measurement and exhibiting stable ionic characteristics over an extended period of time.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a miniature gas sensor for measuring the concentration of a gas in a solution, which sensor solves problems associated with miniaturization and problems related to temperature compensation due to use in a system where solution temperature varies, thereby making it possible for the gas sensor to perform continuous monitoring in a living body.
The foregoing objects are attained by providing a gas sensor comprising: a pH electrode which includes an electrically conductive substrate, a redox layer coating a surface of the electrically conductive substrate, and a hydrogen ion carrier layer coating a surface of the redox layer; a reference electrode; an insulating layer for insulating the pH electrode and the reference electrode; a gas-sensitive layer coating exposed surface portions of the pH electrode, the insulating layer and the reference electrode; and a gas-permeable layer coating a surface of the gas-sensitive layer.
In another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a gas sensor comprising: a pH electrode having a sensitive portion; a reference electrode having a sensitive portion; and a gas-permeable layer contacting the sensitive portion of the pH electrode and the sensitive portion of the reference electrode through the intermediary of a gas-sensitive solution.
In further embodiment of the invention, there is provided a gas sensor comprising: a pH electrode having a sensitive portion; a reference electrode having a sensitive portion; a thermister; and a gas-permeable layer contacting the sensitive portion of the pH electrode, the sensitive portion of the reference electrode and the thermister through the intermediary of a gas-sensitive solution.
Thus, whereas the conventional gas sensor is assembled with a gas-permeable membrane, a liquid gas-absorption chamber and a glass electrode, the present invention provides a solid-state gas sensor in which a gas-sensitive layer (solid-state or gel-state) is furnished between a hydrogen ion carrier layer and a gas-permeable membrane. As a result, the sensor can be miniaturized and will not readily break. Moreover, an electrolyte contained in the gas-sensitive layer can be selected over a wide range in accordance with the gas ion of interest, which has a close connection to the metabolism of a living body. Therefore, by being combined with a guide wire, catheter or the like, the gas sensor can be employed as a medical gas sensor for in vivo measurement of gas concentration. The gas sensor of the invention does not exhibit any change in sensor characteristics even 42 days after manufacture.
Furthermore, since the gas sensor of the invention has a porous layer disposed between the gas-permeable layer and hydrogen ion carrier layer, the sensor characteristics have good reproducibility and an excellent speed of response is attained. In addition, by providing the sensor with an internal thermister, a temperature-compensated measurement is possible in a system where temperature varies. This makes highly precise measurement possible.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures thereof.
FIG. 1 (a) is a sectional view illustrating a first embodiment of a gas sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 1 (b) is a view showing a pH electrode portion constituting the gas sensor shown in FIG. 1 (a);
FIG. 2 (a) is a sectional view illustrating a second embodiment of a gas sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 (b) is a view showing a pH electrode portion constituting the gas sensor shown in FIG. 2 (a);
FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic view illustrating the construction of gas sensor according to another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 (b) is a schematic view illustrating the construction of a reference electrode used in the gas sensor of FIG. 3 (a);
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the static characteristics of a gas sensor;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the relationship between a standard potential EST and temperature;
FIG. 6 is a graph useful in describing a calibration method;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a circulating circuit used in measurement; and
FIGS. 8 (a)-(c) are graphs, based on the results of measurements, showing relationships among time, partial pressure, electric potential and temperature.
The present invention will now be described in detail based on preferred embodiments thereof.
The characterizing features of the invention will become clear with reference to FIGS. 1 (a), (b) and Table 1.
FIG. 1 (a) is a view showing the construction of a gas sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (b) is a view showing a pH electrode portion constituting the gas sensor of FIG. 1 (a). A pH electrode lead wire 2a consisting of Teflon-coated copper wire having a diameter of 0.2 mm is fixed by means of an electrically conductive bonding agent 8 to the bottom surface 1a of an electrically conductive substrate 1 having a diameter of 1.1 mm and a length of 3.0 mm. The outer periphery of the electrically conductive substrate 1 is sheathed and insulated by heat-shrinkable tubing 3 so as to leave the tip of the substrate exposed to a length of 1.5 mm, and the tubing is fixed by an epoxy resin 9. The exposed tip of the electrically conductive substrate 1 is ground and polished into a hemispherical shape, with the surface area of the exposed portion being adjusted to 0.064 cm2. A redox layer 5 is formed on the exposed surface of the substrate 1 by electrolytic oxidative polymerization. Thus is formed an electrode having the redox layer 5 covering the electrically conductive substrate 1.
The electrically conductive substrate used in the gas sensor of the invention may consist of an electrically conductive carbon material such as basal-plane pyrolytic graphite (hereafter referred to as "BPG") or glassy carbon, a metal such as gold, platinum, copper, silver, palladium, nickel or iron, especially a precious metal, or a composite obtained by coating the surface of any of these metals with a semiconductor such as indium oxide or tin oxide. The electrically conductive carbon material is preferred, especially BPG. In order to make the conductive substrate small in size, a stick-shaped member is used and a membrane having a redox function is deposited over an area of 1-20 mm2 on the outer circumferential surface of the stick-shaped substrate or on its outer circumferential surface and tip surface. A lesser area is undersirable as it will cause the electrode membrane resistance of the ion carrier membrane to exceed 50 MΩ at 10� C.; a larger area will result in an gas sensor which is no longer small in size. Though the stick-shaped substrate may be of a cylindrical, prismatic or like configuration, the cylindrical substrate having a rounded tip is especially preferred in terms of moldability and membrane adhesion. Conventionally, the basal plane of BPG is utilized as the electrode plane. However, the inventor has discovered that the edge plane of BPG can also be effectively exploited, and that because of this, a stick-shaped electrode can be fabricated even from BPG. BPG is highly preferred since it excels in terms of sensor operating stability. A stick of BPG, for example of the cylindrial shape, will exhibit excellent strength especially if the diameter selected is 0.1-2 mm.
The redox layer refers to one in which an electrode comprising an electrically conductive substrate having this layer deposited on its surface is capable of generating a constant potential on the substrate owing to a redox reaction. In the present invention, an especially preferred redox layer is one which will not allow the potential to fluctuate due to the partial pressure of oxygen gas. Particularly suitable examples of the redox layer are (1) an organic compound membrane or a polymeric membrane capable of a quinone-hydroquinone type redox reaction, and (2) an organic compound membrane or polymeric membrane capable of an amine-quinoid type redox reaction. (3) poly (pyrrole) and poly (thionylene) compound type electro conductive substrates. The quinone-hydroquinone type redox reaction is expressed by e.g. the following reaction formula, taking a polymer as an example: ##STR1## where R1, R2 represent e.g. compounds having a structure containing an aromatic series.
The amine-quinoid type redox reaction is expressed by e.g. the following reaction formula, taking a polymer as an example: ##STR2## where R3, R4 represent e.g. compounds having a structure containing an aromatic series.
The following compounds (a)-(d) can be mentioned as compounds capable of forming the abovementioned layer having the redox function:
(a) A hydroxy aromatic compound expressed by ##STR3## where Ar1 represents an aromatic nucleus, R5 a substituent group, m2 is 1 to the effective valence of Ar1, and n2 is 0 to the effective valence of ArAr 1 minus 1.
The aromatic nucleus of Ar1 may be a single ring such as a benzene nucleus, a multiple ring such as an anthracene nucleus, pyrene nucleus, chrysene nucleus, perylene nucleus or coronene nucleus, or a heterocyclic ring. Examples of the substituent group R5 are alkyl groups such as a methyl group, aryl groups such as a phenyl group, and a halogen atom. More specifically, examples are dimethyl phenol, phenol, hydroxy pyridine, o- and m-benzyl alcohols, o-, m- and p-hydroxybenzaldehydes, o- and m-hydroxyacetophenones, o-, m- and p-hydroxypro-piophenons, o-, m- and p-hydroxybenzophenones, o-, m- and p-carboxyphenols, diphenylphenol, 2-methyl-8-hydroxy-quinoline, 5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphtoquinone, 4-(p-hydroxy-phenyl)2-buthanone, 1,5-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetra-hydronaphthalene, bisphenol-A, salicylanilide, 5-and 8-hydroquinoines, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone.
(b) An amino aromatic compound expressed by the formula ##STR4## where Ar2 represents an aromatic nucleus, R6 a substituent group, m3 is 1 to the effective valence of Ar2, and n3 is 0 to the effective valence of Ar2 minus 1.
As for the aromatic nucleus Ar2 and the substitution group R6, items similar to Ar1 and the substitution group R5 in compound (a) can be used. Specific examples of the amino aromatic compound are aniline, 1, 2-diaminobenzene, aminopyrene, diaminopyrene, aminochrysene, diaminochrysene, 1-aminonaphtholene, 9-aminonaphtholene, 9, 10-diaminonaphtholene, 1-aminoanthraquinone, p-phenoxyaniline, o-phenylenediamine, p-chloroaniline, 3, 5-dichloroaniline, 2, 4, 6-trichloroaniline, N-methylaniline, and N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine and so on.
(c) A quinone such as 1,6-pyrenequinone, 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxynalizaline, phenanthrenequinone, 1-amino-anthraquinone, purpurine, 1-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone, and anthralphyne.
Among these compounds, 2,6-xylenol and 1-aminopyrene are especially preferred.
(d) Pyrrole and derivatives thereof (e.g. N-methyl pyrrole), and thiophene and derivatives thereof (e.g. methyl thiophene).
Further, examples of compounds capable of forming the layer having the redox function are those which undergo a redox reaction. The following can be mentioned: poly(N-methyl aniline) [Onuki, Matsuda, Oyama, Nihon Kagakukaishi, 1801-1809 (1984)], poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(o-phenylediamine), poly(phenol) and polyxylenol; organic compounds containing the compounds (a) through (d) such as pyrazoroquinone group-containing vinyl compound-polymers, isoaroxythazine group-containing vinyl compound-polymers and other quinone group-containing compound-polymers, lower polymeric compounds (oligomers) of compounds (a) through (d), or substances obtained by fixing the compounds of (a) through (d) to polymeric compounds such as polyvinyl compounds and polyamide compounds. In the present specification, the term "polymer" is taken to mean both homopolymers and mutual polymers such as copolymers.
In the present invention, in order to deposit the compound capable of forming the redox layer on the an electrically conductive substrate, a polymer obtained by synthesizing an amino aromatic compound, a hydroxy aromatic compound or the like on an electrically conductive substrate of electrically conductive carbon or a precious metal by an electrolytic oxidation polymerization method or electrodeposition method, or a polymer synthesized by application of electron beam irradiation, light or heat, is dissolved in a solvent. The resulting solution is (a) deposited on electrically conductive substrate by painting or dipping, (b) reacted in the gas phase in vacuo and deposited directly on the an electrically conductive substrate, or (c) irradiated with light, heat or radiation to be deposited directly on the electrically conductive substrate. Among these three methods, the most preferred is that in which, electrooxidation polymerization method. The electrolytic oxidation polymerization method is implemented by subjecting the amino aromatic compound or hydroxy aromatic compound to electrolytic oxidation polymerization in a solvent in the presence of a suitable supporting electrolyte and depositing a layer of the polymer on the surface of the electrically conductive substrate. Preferred examples of the solvent are acetonitrile, water, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate, methanol and the like. Preferred examples of the supporting electrolyte are sodium perchlorate, sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate, phosphoric acid, boracic acid, tetraofluoro-potassium phosphate, quaternary ammonium salts and the like.
The membrane thickness of the redox layer is 0.01 μm -1.0 mm, preferably 0.1 μm -0.1 mm. A membrane thickness of less than 0.01 μm does not fully bring forth the effects of the invention, while a thickness of more than 1.0 mm is undesirable from the viewpoint of miniaturizing the sensor.
The redox layer used in the present invention can be used in a form impregnated with an electrolyte. Examples of the electrolyte are phosphoric acid, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium perchlorate, sulfuric acid, tetrafluoro borate, tetraphenyl borate and the like. In order to impregnate the redox layer with the electrolyte, a simple method which can be adopted is to coat the electrically conductive substrate with the redox layer and then dip the resulting membrane into a solution of the electrolyte.
The outer surface of the aforementioned electrode is coated with a hydrogen ion carrier layer 7. Employed as the layer 7 is a membrane including a polymeric compound carrying an ion carrier substance for the ion of interest and, if necessary, an electrolyte.
The following are examples of the ion carrier material which can be used, depending upon the ion of interest:
(i) For hydrogen ion
Examples of a hydrogen ion carrier material are amines expressed by the formula ##STR5## (where R7, R8, R9 represent the same or different alkyl groups, among which at least two alkyl groups have a carbon number of 8-18), and compounds expressed by the formula ##STR6## (where R10 represents an alkyl group having a carbon number of 8-18). Tri-n-dodecylamine is especially preferred.
Examples of the electrolytic salt are sodium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate, potassium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate, and a compound expressed by the formula
where R18 represents an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group having a carbon number of 2-6.
Potassium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate is especially suited for use to hydrogen ion, potassium ion, sodium ion and hydrogencarbonate ion. Tetrachloroborate is to chlorine ion. Di-(n-octylphenyl) phosphate is to calcium ion.
Examples of the polymer compound which holds ion carrier material are organic polymer compounds such as vinyl chloride resin, vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymer, polyester, polyacryl amide and polyurethane, and inorganic polymer compounds such as silicone resin. Vinyl chloride is especially preferred. Compounds are used in which the plasticizer does not readily elute. Examples of such a plasticizer are dioctyl sebacate ester, dioctyl adipate ester, dioctyl maleate ester and di-n-octyl phenylphosphonate. Dioctyl sebacate and di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate are expecially preffered.
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is especially preferred for use as solvent. In order to coat the surface of the barrier layer with the ion-sensitive layer having the foregoing composition, the polymer compound, the plasticizer, the ion carrier material and the electrolytic salt are dissolved in a solvent (e.g. tetrahydrofuran). The electrically conductive substrate coated by the barrier layer is repeatedly dipped into the resulting solution followed by drying to adjust thickness. It is desired that the thickness of the applied ion-sensitive layer be 0.1 μm-10 mm, preferaby 0.4-2.0 mm.
A reference electrode 4 is fabricated as follows: First, about 50 mm of silver wire having a diameter of about 0.2 mm is wound on the tubing 3 at a distance of about 5 mm from the end of the coated hydrogen ion carrier layer 7. The remaining wire is used as a reference electrode lead wire 2b, a portion of which is insulated by being coated Teflon resin. A portion of the lead wire 2b is fixed to the heat-shrinkable tubing 3 by epoxy resin. Next, constant-current electrolysis (30 mA/cm2 for 40 min) is carried out in a 0.1 M sodium chloride, 0.01 M sodium hydroxide solution to form a silver chloride film on the exposed portion of the silver. The result is the reference electrode 4. The pH electrode and reference electrode 4 are thus integrated.
Next, a gas-sensitive layer 6 is formed coating the exposed surface of the reference electrode 4, the exposed surface of the pH electrode and the exposed surface of the heat-shrinkable tubing 3. The gas-sensitive layer 6 is formed in a manner which will now be described.
Examples of materials which can be used to form the gas-sensitive layer are a polymeric cellulose derivative possessing an electrolytic solution or aqueous solution, an aqueous polymer and the like. Particularly preferred is a layer of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Coating the aforementioned exposed surfaces redox layer with the gas-sensitive layer 6 is accomplished by e.g. preparing a 10% aqueous solution of PVA by dissolving PVA (having a polymerization degree of about 2000) in a solvent which contains a salt of the gas ion of interest, dipping the integrated electrode comprising the pH electrode and reference electrode 4 in this solution, lifting the electrode from the solution and then drying it at 150� C., thereby obtain the gas-sensitive layer 6 containing the gas ion of interest. These preferred thickness of the gas-sensitive layer 6 is 100 μm.
The electrolytic salt contained in the gas-sensitive layer 6 should be selected depending upon gas on interest. Preferably, sodium bicarbonate - sodium chloride is used to detect carbon dioxide gas, ammonium chloride - sodium chloride to detect ammonia gas, sodium nitrite to detect nitrogen dioxide gas, sodium bisulfate to detect sulfur dioxide gas, and sodium acetate to detect acetic acid gas.
The gas-sensitive layer 6 is coated with a gas-permeable layer 10. This is carried out by preparing a solution in which a silicone membrane composition is dissolved as a solvent, and dipping the intergrated electrode, which has been coated with the gas-sensitive layer 6, into the solution. The gas-permeable layer 10 preferably has a thickness of 1 μm-1 mm, with 10 μm-300 μm being especially preferred. It is also preferred that the gas-permeable layer 10 be hydrophobic.
Five gas sensors each for a different gas of interest were prepared as Examples 1 through 5, in which the redox layers and hydrogen ion carrier layers were the same throughout.
______________________________________Redox LayerThickness: 30 μmComposition:2,6-dimethylphenol 0.5 Msodium perchlorate 0.2 Msolvent: acetonitrileHydrogen Ion Carrier LayerThickness: 1.0 mmComposition:tridodecylamine 10 mg/mltetrakis(p-chlorophenyl) 1.25 mg/mlpotassium boratepolyvinyl chloride (Pn = 1050) 81.2 mg/mldioctyl sebacate (DOS) 160 mg/mlsolvent: tetrahydrofuran (THF) 4 mlGas-Sensitive LayerThickness: 0.1 mmComposition:10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)Solvent:NaHCO3 5 mMNaCl 0.15 M______________________________________
______________________________________Gas-Sensitive Layer______________________________________Thickness: 0.1 mmComposition:10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)Solvent:NH4 Cl 10 mMNaCl 0.15 M______________________________________
______________________________________Gas-Sensitive Layer______________________________________Thickness: 0.1 mmComposition:10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)Solvent:NaNO2 10 mMNaCl 0.15 M______________________________________
______________________________________Gas-Sensitive Layer______________________________________Thickness: 0.1 mmComposition:10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)Solvent:NaHSO4 10 mMNaCl 0.15 M______________________________________
______________________________________Gas-Sensitive Layer______________________________________Thickness: 0.1 mmComposition:10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)Solvent:CH3 COONa 100 mMNaCl 0.15 M______________________________________
The gas sensors fabricated in the above Examples were subjected to experimentation. The partial pressure of the gas in a phosphate buffer solution was measured at 37� C. based on a change in emf across the gas sensor used as the active electrode and an internal reference electrode (Ag/AgC1). The relationship between electromotive force and gas partial pressure was obtained in the form of a logarithmic plot. The slope of the Nernst plot was investigated. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ Examples 1 2 3 4 5__________________________________________________________________________Redox Layer Thickness 30 μm 30 μm 30 μm 30 μm 30 μm(Redox Layer ElectrolyteComposition)2,6 xylenol 0.5 M 0.5 M 0.5 M 0.5 M 0.5 Msodium perchlorate 0.2 M 0.2 M 0.2 M 0.2 M 0.2 M(Solvent: Acetonitrile, Electrolysis Reaction Temp. -20� C.)Hydrogen (on Carrier Layer 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mmThickness(Hydrogen (on Carrier LayerCompositiontridodecylamine 10 mg/ml 10 mg/ml 10 mg/ml 10 mg/ml 10 mg/mltetrakris (p-chlorophenyl) 1.25 mg/ml 1.25 mg/ml 1.25 mg/ml 1.25 mg/ml 1.25 mg/mlpotassium boratepolyvinyl chloride (Pn = 1050) 81 mg/ml 81 mg/ml 81 mg/ml 81 mg/ml 81 mg/mldioctyl sebacate (DOS) 160 mg/ml 160 mg/ml 160 mg/ml 160 mg/ml 160 mg/ml(Solvent: Tetrafuran (THF) 4 ml)Barrier Layer Thickness 0.1 mm 0.1 mm 0.1 mm 0.1 mm 0.1 mmBarrier Layer Dipping Solution 10% PVA 10% PVA 10% PVA 10% PVA 10% PVACompositionSolvent 5 mM NaHCO3 10 mM NH4 Cl 10 mM NaNO2 10 mM NaHSO4 100 mM CH3 COONa 0.15 M NaCl 0.15 M NaCl 0.15 M NaCl 0.15 M NaCl 0.15 M NaCl(Nernst Plot Slope: 37� C.) mV/log[pCO2 ] mV/log{[NH3 /M]} mV/log[pNO2 ] mV/log[pSO2 ] mV/log[pCH3 COO]1 Day After Fabrication 60.8 60.0 59.7 61.2 58.47 Days After Fabrication 61.0 60.5 60.1 61.1 59.840 Days After Fabrication 61.0 60.8 60.5 60.2 60.3Gas of Interest Carbon Dioxide Ammonia Gas Nitrogen Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide Acedic Acid Gas Gas GasDetection Range 10 -4 ˜10 -1 M 10 -6 ˜10 -1 10 -5 ˜10 -1 10 -2 ˜1__________________________________________________________________________ M
The gases of interest in Table 1 are closely related with the metabolism of a living body. It should be noted, however, that the gas sensor of the invention is not limited to these gases. Furhter, FIG. 2 (a) illustrates a gas sensor having a different configuration, and FIG. 2 (b) illustrates the pH electrode thereof.
The results for each of the Examples 1-5 show that the slopes of the Nernst plot agree with the theoretical value of 61.55 mV/pH 40 days after the fabrication of the gas sensor. A 95% speed of response was found to be less than 2 min.
FIG. 3 (a) is a view showing the construction of a gas sensor according to another embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 3 (b) is a view showing the construction of a reference electrode used in the gas sensor of FIG. 3 (a). Note that the pH electrode is similar in construction and configuration to that of FIG. 2 (b).
(1) Fabrication of carbon electrode
A cylinder 1 having a diameter of 1.0 mm and a length of 3.0 mm was cut from a plate of graphite carbon (EG-51, manufactured by Nihon Carbon), and one end of the cylinder was bonded to the lead wire 2a(the Teflon-coated copper wire) by the electrically conductive bonding agent 8. The other end of the cylinder was ground and polished into a smooth, circular, planar end face. The surface area of the exposed carbon was 7.9�10-3 cm2. The end of the cylinder 1 having the lead wire 2a attached thereto was inserted into the Teflon tubing 3, having an inner diameter of 1.10 mm and an outer diameter of 1.50 mm, and the lead wire was insulated with the epoxy resin bonding agent 9 (TB2067, manufactured by Three Bond Corp.). This completes the fabrication of the carbon electrode.
(2) Application of redox layer 5 by electrode polymerization
An electrolytic oxidative polymerization reaction was carried out under the following conditions using the aforementioned carbon electrode as the active electrode, a reference electrode (saturated sodium chloride electrode, referred to as an "SSCE") and an opposing electrode (platinum mesh):
0.5 M 2,6-dimethylphenol
0.2 M sodium perchlorate acetonitrile solvent
Electrolytic temperature: -20� C.
Electrolytic conditions: After the electrode potential was swept three times from 0 V to 1.5 V vs. the SSCE at a sweep rate of 50 mV/sec, an electrolytic reaction was allowed to occur at 1.5 V vs. the SSCE for 10 min.
As a result of this electrolytic polymerization, the redox layer 6 consisting of poly (2,6-xylenol) was formed on the exposed surface of the BPG substrate to a thickness of about 30 μm.
(3) Application of hydrogen ion carrier layer 7
The membrane obtained as described above was dipped into a hydrogen ion carrier having the composition shown in Table 2, the electrode was lifted from the composition and then dried. This procedure was repeated 15 times to uniformly coat the surface of the redox layer 5 with the hydrogen ion carrier layer 7 having a thickness of 1.00 mm.
TABLE 2______________________________________(Hydrogen Ion Carrier Composition)______________________________________Tridodecylamine 40 mgTetrakis(p-chlorophenyl) potassium borate 6 mgPolyvinyl chloride 325 mgDioctyl sebacate (DOS) 650 mgTetrahydrofuran (solvent) 4 ml______________________________________
The above-described membrane electrode serves as the active electrode (pH electrode 13) of the gas sensor.
(4) Fabrication of reference electrode
Silver choride and silver oxide were mixed at a ratio of 60:40 in terms of percent by weight and the mixture was pulverized into a finely divided powder. This was then packed and compacted in a jig having a 1 mm-diameter hole to be formed into a cylinder having a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 3 mm. The cylinder was then sintered in an electric oven for 15 min at a temperature of 400� C. A silver wire 23 was bonded to one end of the cylinder 22 by an electrically conductive bonding agent 24 (C-856-06, manufactured by Amicon Corp.).
A Teflon tube 28 having an inner diameter of 1.10 mm and an outer diameter of 1.50 mm was prepared, as shown in FIG. 3 (b). The interior of the tube 28 was filled with an agar-agar gel 25 containing saturated sodium chloride and a silver chloride solution. Fixed to the tube 28 and partitioned therefrom by a urethane bonding agent 27b was a regenerated cellulose hollow fiber (TAF fiber) 26a. The electrode was inserted into one end of the Teflon tube 28 and was fixed thereto by a urethane bonding agent 27a. The other end of the tube, while still filled with the agar-agar gel, 25, was fixed to a regenerated cellulose hollow fiber (TAF fiber) 26b by a urethane bonding agent 27c. Thus was fabricated the reference electrode 14.
(5) Preparation of internal gel 18
An internal gel 18 was prepared as an internal electrolyte solution by dissoving 10 wt-% of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization: 2000) in an aqueous solution of 10 mM sodium bicarbonate and 154 mM sodium chloride.
(6) Fabrication of gas-permeable layer 16
A dipping solution was prepared by mixing a silicone gel (adhesive silicone type A, manufactured by Dow-Corning) and hexane at a ratio of 33:64 in terms of percent by weight. A Teflon rod having a diameter of 2.8 mm was dipped in the solution and dried, this being repeated four times deposite a silicone film having a thickness of about 70 μm. The Teflon rod was then dipped in freon and the silicone film was peeled off the rod. This film was used as a gas-permeable layer 16.
(7) Fabrication of carbon dioxide gas sensor
The individually prepared components described above were combined in the following manner: First, a Teflon tube 17 having an inner diameter of 2.8 mm and an outer diameter of 3.0 mm was covered with the gas-permeable membrane 16 fabricated in (6) above, a nylon mesh 15 (manufactured by Radiometer) having a thickness of 20 μm or a sheet of Joseph paper was placed on the bottom of the Teflon tube to serve as a spacer, and the internal gel 18 prepared in (5) above was charged into the Teflon tube 17. Next, the pH electrode 13 fabricated in (3), the reference electrode 14 fabricated in (4), and a thermister 20 were inserted into the Teflon tube 17, and these were fixed with an insulator 21 such as an epoxy bonding agent. Thus was fabricated a carbon dioxide gas sensor. The above electrode structure is shown in FIG. 3 (a).
A plug (electrode housing) 19 is for installing the gas sensor in a flow cell for continuous monitoring in a circulating circuit. The gas-permeable membrane 16 may be formed directly on the plug 19, though this is not shown. In addition, a common electrode can be installed in the Teflon tube 17.
The characteristics of the carbon dioxide gas sensor fabricated in accordance with Example 6 were measured in a static system as follows: The gas sensor was dipped in an aqeuous solution of 10 mM sodium bicarbonate and 154 mM sodium chloride, and the potential across the electrodes when the partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas was varied was plotted against the common logarithm of the partial pressure. This was performed at the three temperatures of 30� C., 37� C. and 45� C. The results are as shown in FIG. 4.
A linear relationship showing good correlation between the measured electromotive force and logarithmic values of partial pressure was obtained at each temperature for carrbon dioxide gas partial pressures ranging from 20 to 250 mmHg.
The recurrence formulae at respective temperatures were as follows:
30� C. E/mV=21.64+55.47 log(pCO2)
37� C. E/mV=14.50+55.54 log(pCO2)
45� C. E/mV=4.57+55.39 log(pCO2)
These recurrence formulae show that the slope of the straight line exhibits almost no change despite the change in temperature, and that the constants exhibit a linear relationship with respect to temperature, as indicated in FIG. 5. Accordingly, it was found that the characteristics of the gas sensor of Example 6 can be expressed by Eq. (1), as follows:
E(mV)=a+bT+slope log(pCO2 / mmHg) (1)
where a, b and the slope are constants and T represents temperature (� C.).
Accordingly, in continuous monitoring, a temperature-compensated value of pCO2 can be measured based on the following equation:
log[pCO2 /(mmHg)]=(E-a-bT)/slope
When the gas sensor is actually calibrated, it is required to determine a calibration formula, namely the coefficients a, b, slope, maintaining three-point correction. The calibration method will now be described with reference to FIG. 6.
A potential E1 at point A, namely at a temperature T1 and partial pressure P1, a potential E2 at point b, namely at a temperature T1 and partial pressure P2, and a potential E3 at point C, namely at a temperature T2 and partial pressure P3 (P3 =P1) are measured, and a standard potential EST (T1) at the time of slope and temperature T1 is determined from the values at the two points A, B. Further, a standard potential EST (T2) at the time of temperature T2 is determined using the slope and value of E3, and the coefficients a, b are obtained from the values of T1, EST (T1), T2,EST (T2). The calibration formula (1) is then formed.
Actual values used in calibration are as follows:
Point A: T1 =37� C., P1 =35.4 mmHg, E1 =100.0 mV
Point B: T1 =37� C., P1 =72.1 mmHg, E1 =115.3 mV
Point C: T2 =30� C., P1 =36.2 mmHg, E1 =109.0 mV From calculation, a=70.24, b=-1.36, slope=51.25 are obtained.
A gas sensor calibrated as set forth in Experiment 2 was installed in a circulating circuit of the kind shown in FIG. 7 and a continuous measurement was taken while varying partial pressure, temperature and the like. The circulating liquid was 500 ml of an aqueous solution containing 10 mM NaHCO3 and 154 mM NaC1, and the liquid was circulated at a flow rate of 450 ml/min. Numeral 51 denotes a reservoir, 52 a flow cell, 53 a gas exhange equipment, 54 a gas cylinder, 55 a heat exchanger, and 56 a thermo-regulated bath (constant-temperature bath).
FIGS. 8 (a)-(c) are graphs of partial pressure vs. time, potential vs. time and temperature vs. time, respectively, illustrating the results of measurement. The "+" marks in (a) of FIG. 8 are values sampled and measured by a blood gas analyzer (ABL-30, manufactured by Radiometer). The aphabetic characters A, B, C are points at which temperature was held constant and partial pressure varied, while the alphabetic characters are points at which partial pressure was held constant and temperature varied.
In the interval where partial pressure is varied from the starting point to point D, values closely approximate the sampled values, in response to the change in partial pressure. Even in the interval from point D, where the temperature is changed, to the end point, the potential in interval D-E, example, is about the same as the potential in the interval A-B. The partial pressure values, however, do not take on the partial pressure values in the interval A-B, and these are in good agreement with the sampled values. Though this is a phenomenon in which there is a variation in potential accompanying a variation in temperature, the fact that a correct partial pressure value is indicated regardless of the change in potential means that the temperature compensation is being performed correctly.
It will be understood from the foregoing discussion that the gas sensor of the illustrated embodiment makes it possible to perform a continuous measurement, inclusive of a temperature compensation, using the above-described calibration method. Though Example 6 deals with a carbon dioxide gas sensor, it is obvious that the invention can also be applied to other gas sensors.
As many apparently widely different embodiments of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments thereof except as defined in the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|204/431, 204/415, 204/414, 204/432, 204/424
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
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|Nov 30, 1992
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 29, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 27, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
The price of the futures on the American stock index S&P500 showed a decrease, but continues to consolidate within the range 2170-2195. Overcoming the levels 2195-2200 will be the basis for the continuation of the upward price movement to 2250. In case of continued negative dynamics and fixing of price below 2170 we are forecasting a further decline with the first targets 2100 and 2040. Our medium-term outlook remains negative and we expect a strong movement after a long consolidation.
Nearest resistance levels: 2200, 2250, 2300
Nearest support levels: 2170, 2150, 2135, 2120, 2080, 2040, 2020, 2000, 1980, 1950, 1910
The price of the futures on the German stock index DAX30 slightly decreased, but is still consolidating within the corridor 10500-10800. Fixation above the level of 10800 will be the basis for continued growth with potential targets at 11200 and 11600, will be fixing the above 10800. Confirmation of the sell signal in case of a fall will be fixing below 10500. Our medium-term outlook remains negative and we are waiting for a decline in the near future with the objectives at 9800 and 9300.
Nearest resistance levels: 10800, 11000, 11200
Nearest support levels: 10500, 10150, 9800, 9600, 9300, 9000, 8750, 7900, 7500
The price of the futures on the Japanese stock index Nikkei225 corrected downwards and in case of overcoming the support at 16800 will continue the decline to 16550 and 15850. The growth in the near future is limited by the level of resistance at 17250 and 17500. After the completion of the current consolidation we are forecasting a strong price movement. We maintain our medium-term negative outlook, and expect continued negative dynamics in the near future.
Nearest resistance levels: 17250, 17500, 18000, 18600, 19000
Nearest support levels: 16800, 16300, 15850, 15400, 15000, 14000, 13600, 12500


text:
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text:
Best Of :: Arts & Entertainment
Farm-to-table dining has all but become a cliché in Miami, but how about farm-to-glass drinking? At Repour, Isaac Grillo's intimate space tucked away inside the Albion Hotel, the idea is becoming a reality. The bar, furnished out of repurposed wood from Colorado, is a welcome and rustic respite from the über-commercial Lincoln Road just outside the door. But what sets this place apart is the cocktails. The bartender turned bar owner makes drinks that are both whimsical and deceptively simple. Drinks, which are generally around $12, are handcrafted with care and use surprising ingredients like fresh herbs grown from onsite gardens, teas, and Pop Rocks (for a lip-cracking version of a sugared rim). Special attention is also given to the way your drink is chilled. Grillo uses cold Colorado River rocks in some drinks; others are made with coconut-water ice spheres. Although the cocktail menu changes monthly, there's always a freshly made cocktail or two from the garden, as well as a few porch pounders — all written right on the wall. There's one constant, however. Grillo's cocktails all contain a surprising twist — a sprig of sage in a fruity drink or a hit of black pepper in honey — because a city as exciting as Miami Beach needs cocktails that can keep us on our toes.
Readers' choice: The Broken Shaker
Sidebar is packed with contradictions. One of its owners used to work at Opium Group, the bottle-service-king of South Beach that manages clubs like Mansion and SET. Another used to be the manager at Bar, a dearly departed downtown hipster hole in the wall. Their former employers, in other words, represented diametrically different dimensions of Dade nightlife. At Sidebar, the cavernous inside — with black walls, a stage, and a large dance floor — is the perfect place to be drowned in sound and to dance the night away. The ample outdoor area, in contrast, provides a place to catch a break and some conversation. On Wednesday, Sidebar features live jazz, Fridays is for hip-hop, and Saturdays are open format. It's ladies' night on Thursday, when there are the standard free drinks at the beginning of the night for women — but also free ice cream for all. Sidebar can't even be easily geographically categorized. It sits at the juncture of Brickell and Little Havana. And yet all these elements come together perfectly. Sidebar isn't trying too hard to be one thing, but it's not trying too hard to please everyone either. It's just great.
Readers' choice: Ball & Chain
Coyo Taco is a bright, fast-casual taco joint in Wynwood — with a dark secret. To find it, walk past the bathrooms and down the hall. There, you'll find a small, square room, softly lit by novena candles. A DJ plays a mix of soft house music, and people lounge on comfortable sofas. You've found Coyo Taco's hush-hush bar. The small space is home to 50 tequilas and mezcals, all of which can be mixed into the bar's inventive cocktails created by Coyo partner Anna Robbins. There's a banana margarita, called the Anna Bannana (the extra "N" refers to Robbins' childhood nickname), made with a rare Brazilian banana liqueur, and rimmed with sal de gusano, a Mexican salt made with ground gusano worms (the same ones getting drunk at the bottom of your Mezcal bottle). For health nuts falling off the wagon, there's a chia margarita. But with 100-degree heat fast approaching, go for the bar's PaletaRitas ($14). A locally made paleta is cut in half. One part is used in the margarita; the other half serves as both garnish and refreshingly icy swizzle stick. In flavors like cocopassion and chili cucumber, these PaletaRitas are the most refreshing and boozy treat in Miami. The fact that they're served in a secret bar filled with lit effigies of saints pushes the coolness factor off the charts.
You say you want your cheap drinks with a side of ribs? Come on down to Billy's Pub Too, friend. An average bar might have a two-hour window of discounts known as "Happy Hour," but Billy's has its time frame stretched to a full workday. That's correct; it runs an eight-hour Happy Hour from 4 p.m. until midnight with drink specials. It also ups the ante on Thursdays, when you can get 99-cent beer with a valid college ID. If you are looking for more than cheap booze, Billy's boasts four pool tables, a back patio with a tiki bar, and foosball to keep you busy. And don't forget those ribs. Mr. Cobb's kitchen menu has wings, burgers, and Southern sides, but it's the ribs that are completely memorable, sticking Billy's firmly in your mind, teeth, and fingers. You can get a full meal of a quarter rack of ribs and fries for just $8.75. South Beach can keep its $18 cocktails — you'll have a better time up north, where the meat falls off the bone and the drink specials never expire.
Readers' choice: Duffy's Sports Grill
Ball & Chain likes to tout its history — for good reason. The joint opened in 1935, after all, near the tail end of the Great Depression. For two decades, it reigned as one of Miami's most celebrated nightclubs, where greats like Billie Holiday and Chet Baker belted it out nightly. However, it closed in 1957 just as the Cuban immigrants who gave Little Havana its name began arriving in big numbers. It wasn't until last fall that partners Bill Fuller, Zack Bush, and Ben Bush decided to the revive the lounge. Except for the exposed ceiling and rafters, almost everything that was original to Ball & Chain was long gone. From that starting point, the owners painstakingly re-created the 1935 bar. The result isn't just a stunning reconnection to the city's past — it's a happening nightlife spot that's reintroducing the city at large to a neighborhood most people frequent only for the ethnic eats and cigars. Do yourself a favor and grab a spot at the bar to enjoy a mojito ($12) — one of the most authentic versions you'll find in Dade — or a Calle Ocho old-fashioned ($12) that uses tobacco bitters and actual tobacco leaves. Hungry? The Cuban spring roll ($8) takes the Cuban sandwich and wraps it inside a paper-thin dough. And though it's too late to see Holiday perform in person, Ball & Chain keeps the musical spirit alive with DJs, live bands, and singers all week.
Readers' choice: Ball & Chain
This strip-mall space in Hialeah used to be called Our Place — until that dive bar got busted by the feds May 2, 2014, for drug dealing and illegal gambling. Now under new ownership, the bar has gone legit. Architect Landy Lamas and builder Mo Lacayo have given these formerly sleazy digs a major face-lift, a fresh booze list, and a new name, opening as the Bend Liquor Lounge in February 2015. "This was our local watering hole, our favorite dive, until it started going downhill," Lamas told New Times just after the fixed-up boozing spot began slinging drinks. "The bar was opened in the '70s but had been muddled up by shabby remodels. After stripping it down to its bones, we could appreciate its original spirit and decided to build on it. The '70s was a key time for the development of the area, and we thought of nothing more fitting for a quote-unquote local bar." As for the brand of intoxicants being peddled at the Bend, there's $2.50 beer (Miller High Life, Rolling Rock, Coors Banquet, Pabst Blue Ribbon), $6 local pints (Biscayne Bay Brewing, Wynwood Brewing, M.I.A. Brewing), and $8 classic cocktails too. But no more cocaine, weed, or molly. Sorry, old-timers.
Readers' choice: Finka Table & Tap


text:
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I wouldn't say that it is dangerous, but high amounts of junk food and sugar are certainly NOT recommended. Everyone has cravings and you can indulge once in a while, but you really don't even need that many more calories when pregnant. "eating for two" is just a myth. And it is always best to maintain a balanced healthy diet.
I ate a lunch size bag of nacho cheese doritos every day.. Every.. day.. and I loved them and couldn't get enough and would have eaten them for every meal if I could.. BUT I know how bad they are so I limited myself.. and made sure I was healthy otherwise..
I agree! It's hard when you are pregnant because you crave certain foods. If you have to indulge then go ahead and do small portions. You don't want to fill up on junk when you need to get good vitamins and minerals into your system.
For some reason when I was pregnant I didn't want junk food anymore. I've always been a chocolate junkie but it never satisfied once I was pregnant. Ice cream will always be my husband so I did indulge every once in a while but I also developed gestational diabetes so I had to be careful. The good part about being pregnant is that you're ALWAYS at the docs office so ask away! Nutritionists can also give you really good recommendations on tasty alternatives to the junk you're craving.
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brande I craved candy and sweets all the time and it was hard to limit my self!
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I am Leah, a 26 year old first time mom. My daughter Holly was born March 9,2013. I am primarily a stay at home mom but also work part time as a Figure Skating Coach. My husband and I are enjoying life as new parents. SITE HOSTESS


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Hasina Mandisa was the Chief of Planetary Forecasting for Arisia III and the Arisia Mining Colony, under the employ of the Cole Mining company.[1]
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The Clarksburg Police Department arrested Billy Ray Lloyd Jr., 35, and charged him with first degree robbery, nighttime burglary and assault during the commission of a felony.
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The woman received a severe cut to her hand from the knife that required her to get stitches. Lloyd took less than $1,000 and some jewelry from the woman, according to the criminal complaint.
Lloyd is in North Central Regional Jail with bail set at $175,000.
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The Gwenllech also known as "White River" or "The River of White Stones", is in Kaedwen and flows through Kaer Morhen valley, past the keep itself, in the foothills of the Blue Mountains. Farther west it joins the Buina.
Its name means White Stones in Elder Speech.
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The ford which Geralt must cross in to get from the camp to Kaer Morhen keep is on the Gwenllech.
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News Archive
Bethel-Tate is weighing levy, budget cuts
Residents of the Bethel-Tate school district may soon face the decision to pass or defeat a school levy issue. Then again, said district superintendent Jim Smith, they may not. The final decision has not been made, but the current status of funding in the district leaves little room for the district planners to move in.
New Richmond to bill for responding to traffic crashes
New Richmond has recently passed legislation to send out bills after the village police or fire departments respond to traffic accidents. The new policy, which was introduced by Police Chief David Willoughby several months ago and passed by council in mid-November, will enable the village to recover some of the costs associated with the time spent investigating traffic accidents (cars or trucks), the chief said.
WISHES program offers day care for children at Wildey Center
It is literally designed to give best WISHES for a new year. There are currently four spots available to significant needs children in the area to enroll in WISHES, one of the most innovative and successful programs developed by the Clermont County Board of MRDD, Early Intervention and Child Focus, Inc.
Governor is promoting new energy, jobs plan
Ohio state governor Ted Strickland is asking state residents to support his new Energy, Jobs, and Progress Plan. Introduced in August, the new energy plan, which passed in the Ohio State Senate but is still under review in the Ohio State House of Representatives, has multiple facets, but three major objectives.
Mediation program hoped to ease foreclosures
While Clermont County has long been known for its high rate of growth in housing, the local market has not been immune to the downturn that has affected the housing market nationally. Judge Robert Ringland, of the Clermont County Court of Common Pleas, said that he hopes to throw a lifeline to local lenders and homeowners and create a way to slow or even reverse the housing decline in southern Ohio.
Lathams to receive 'First Families' award
The Latham family of Batavia and The Clermont Sun have been chosen to receive the Ohio Newspaper Association's "First Families of Ohio Newspapers Award." The award will be presented Feb. 13 at the ONA's convention in Columbus, and will be part of the association's 75th anniversary celebration.
Amelia mayor, councilman take oath of office Jan. 5
Amelia Mayor Leroy Ellington would make only one concrete and solemn promise to village residents at his inaugural ceremony Jan. 5 – to represent the taxpayers, his family, and his friends with integrity and honor.
Liberty Tax Service in Milford to hold grand opening Jan. 15
The Liberty Tax Service company in Milford is holding its grand opening event Jan. 15 and helping American soldiers call home. The new Milford Liberty Tax Service franchise is a national premier partner with Cell Phones for Soldiers, an organization with a mission to provide our American men and women stationed and fighting overseas with calling cards to stay in touch with their families back here at home.
New phone scam has targeted Clermont County residents
Beware the next incoming call, it could be a scam. According to detectives in two Clermont County police departments, at least three county residents in the past few months have been hit by a phone scam that, if successful, could cost the victim hundreds of dollars.
Clermont County Commissioners recognize returning Iraq War veteran
U.S. Army specialist Talon Matson, home for only a brief break from his second tour of duty in Iraq, was honored at an appreciation ceremony held at the Clermont County Board of Commissioner's Jan. 8.


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Author | exchange4media Mumbai Bureau | Wednesday, Jun 17,2009 7:32 AM
Yash Khanna, former Executive Vice President with STAR Network, has joined public relations consultancy CMCG India, as President.
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31 Weeks! How did YOU feel?
Can you all/any of you, remember what 31 weeks felt like? I am right there this week. plugging away! And to be honest.. I really cannot complain.. sure I get uncomfy.. but I am learning how to eat without getting out of breathe and learning just how to ease my discomfort a little better.
Were you already super uncomfy at this point? How much did it change between 31 weeks anddddd... the end! I just like to hear stories ;)
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Oh you poor thing! Were you preggo during warm Summer months? I have been blessed with zero water weight so far.. knock on wood!
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Ooo sounds hot for sure! I joke that God knew I couldn't handle being pregnant AND the heat... thank goodness for a Winter baby haha
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Aw poor thing!
I felt okay, i had a pretty easy pregnancy. I just remember being achy and uncomfortable and just ready to be done!
I already think I know what Mamas mean when.. "they are ready to be done" hehe! I have been super blessed.. but waking up each day with a bigger bump gets annoying.. I said last night I would rather have he/she HERE than in THERE lol
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Two closed sections of the T'Railway Provincial Park reopen
Repairs have been completed to two more sections of the T'Railway Provincial Park that were damaged by heavy rains last October.
A young man who was assaulted at a home in the Southlands area of St. John's was stabbed, police have confirmed.
The 21-year-old remains in hospital with serious injuries after having been stabbed during a party at his home Friday night. Police will not disclose what the weapon may have been, or whether or not they have it.
RNC officers responded to a report of a fight at a house party on Mahogany Drive just before 11 p.m. Friday.
Related story:
Police searching for witnesses to serious assault
"Upon arrival, officers discovered that a 21-year-old male had been seriously assaulted and was conveyed to the Health Sciences for those injuries," RNC Const. Geoff Higdon told members of the media Monday afternoon.
Higdon said police are appealing to witnesses or anyone with any information to come forward — and so is the victim's mother. Michelle Bailey posted an impassioned plea on Facebook late Sunday, begging anyone who may have witnessed the stabbing to contact the police or her.
"Kids as young as 13 and from all over St. John's showed up at our home," she wrote. "Many uninvited … had heard of a party and decided to show up. Many of the kids there know what happened. Many of them watched my son almost die and then ran out and left him for dead.
"Ask your kids where they were Friday night. Beg them to tell the truth. And then beg them to do the right thing and tell what they know. Somebody has to be held accountable for what was done. I understand that in this day and age nobody wants to 'rat' and 'snitch,' but this is beyond that. These kids need to know that this is not OK."
Bailey wrote it has been one of the worst weeks of her life, especially knowing how close she came to losing her first-born son.
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Higdon said he hopes the fact that some witnesses may be underage isn't deterring them from coming forward.
"I would hope it wouldn't (be a factor) because this is a very serious incident: we have a young man with very serious injuries in hospital recovering from a stabbing," he said. "I think that would far outweigh someone's guilt about being at a party consuming a few alcoholic beverages. I think when you consider a provincial statute violation or a criminal offence, people should take a little bit of responsibility for a poor decision if that's the case, and come forward because it is very important that we get to the bottom of this one."
At least two young men purporting to have been at the party have offered to share their story with The Telegram, but only if they were paid for it.
At the scene of the party Friday night, one witness told The Telegram the victim had been trying to eject some of the partygoers when the situation turned violent. The witness said it seemed the young man was assaulted with a beer bottle and received a number of wounds to the head, neck and body. Several people were involved, said the witness, who also spoke to police.
Higdon said there have not been any arrests to date, but the RNC's Major Crime Unit has been following leads and conducting interviews.
"Over the weekend we deployed significant resources to investigate this and we're going to do everything we can to find a resolution to this," he said.
Anyone with any information is asked to contact the RNC at 729-8000 or Crime Stoppers anonymously at 1-800-222-TIPS.
Twitter: @tara_bradbury
Royal Newfoundland Constabulary Constable Geoff Higdon speaks to members of the media about a stabbing at a house party in the Southlands area of St. John's Friday night. The 21-year-old male victim is still in hospital.
©Tara Bradbury/The Telegram


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