text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Sep 26, 2000
|Filing date
|Jun 4, 1997
|Priority date
|Jun 5, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Peter Frencken, Peter De With
|Original Assignee
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (39), Classifications (35), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a method of coding digital video data corresponding to the pixels of a sequence of pictures, comprising at least a block forming step, for dividing the input video data into blocks, a quantization and coding step, for quantizing data corresponding to each block and coding the quantized data, and a control step, for controlling a quantization parameter of said quantization and coding step in accordance with another parameter that depends on the content of each block.
The invention also relates, for the implementation of this method, to a system for coding digital video data corresponding to the pixels of a sequence of pictures, comprising at least a block converter, for dividing the input video data associated to one picture into blocks, a quantization and coding sub-assembly, for quantizing data corresponding to each block and coding the quantized data, and a control sub-assembly, for controlling a quantization parameter of said quantization and coding sub-assembly in accordance with a parameter that depends on the content of each block.
Such an invention may be used in the field of digital television, especially according to the MPEG standard (described for instance in the document "MPEG: a video compression standard for multimedia applications", D. Le Gall, Communications of the ACM, April 1991, vol.34, no 4, pp.46-58) and, more generally, is of interest in the field of multimedia applications.
Most of MPEG decoders usually comprise an external memory of 16,8 Mbits (1 Mbit=220 bits), or even more when they have to support decoding at main level/main profile. It is known for instance that the incoming bitstream has to be stored in an input buffer (VBV-buffer), the theoretical capacity of which is equal to 1,835 Mbit. However, since a practical decoder cannot decode instantaneously, some additional buffer is required, which increases the input buffer to a capacity of about 2,5 Mbits. Moreover, in order to support a bidirectional motion compensation, the decoder must include two reference frames. The storage capacity for one reference frame is 5 Mbits for 50 Hz systems and 4,1 Mbits for 60 Hz systems. To enable the decoding of both standards, 10 Mbits have therefore to be provided in the decoder for the storage of both reference frames. It must also be recalled that the reconstruction of MPEG video signals after decoding occurs in a macroblock order whereas the information to be displayed is required in an interlaced scanning line format. As the macroblocks are frame coded, the information of both fields has to be delivered during decoding, and the conversion from the frame coded macroblock format to the interlaced scanning line format requires a conversion memory, generally of 5 Mbits or 4,1 Mbits according to the system (50 Hz or 60 Hz). The total memory requirement then becomes equal to (2,5+(3�4,1))=14,8 Mbits for a 60 Hz decoder and to (2,5+(3�5))=17,5 Mbits for a 50 Hz decoder. For this last one, the practical 16 Mbits limit is therefore exceeded.
Moreover, the integrated circuit technology that is to-day available allows to implement other functionalities than video decoding, for example combinations with audio decoding and bidimensional graphics, and next generation MPEG decoders will probably include demultiplexing functions and improved processors. All these additional functions are memory demanding and their performance is determined by the amount of available memory capacity.
In order to solve this problem, it has been added extra memory (of 4 Mbits) to the MPEG decoder, but such a solution is provisional and will be probably obsolete in a near future. More expensive 16 Mbits memories will then be added.
Another proposed solution, described in the document EP 0618722, has consisted in reducing the memory capacity for display conversion. By using the display memory in a macroblock line fashion rather than on field basis, the capacity of the display memory has been reduced from 5 Mbits to about 3,5 Mbits. The memory requirement for 50 Hz MPEG decoders then falls below the practical limit of 16 Mbits, but due to the so-called 3:2 pull down mode the concerned principle cannot be simply applied in 60 Hz systems.
A further reduction in memory capacity, described in the documents EP 0714208 and EP 0716395, has been achieved by doubling the decoding speed in the MPEG decoder. The field lines required for display can then be directly delivered at the appropriate speed, the non required lines from the opposite field being discarded at the end of the decoding process. With this solution, the memory requirement for 50 Hz decoding is about 13 Mbits, and can also be applied in 60 Hz decoders (about 11,1 Mbits). It is however likely that in a near future the memory requirement for MPEG decoders will strongly increase and that the 16 Mbits frontier will be exceeded even for 60 Hz systems.
A first object of the invention is therefore to propose another type of method for decoding coded digital video signals, in which an increased reduction of memory capacity is further obtained without noticeable picture quality degradation.
To this end the invention relates to a method as defined in the preamble of the description and wherein said dependant parameter is defined according to the dynamic range value of the data of each block, said dynamic range being equal to the difference between the maximum and the minimum value of each block or to a value in direct relation with said difference.
It may be noted that the document EP 0618733 also describes a coding system including a block converter, a quantization and coding sub-system, and a control sub-assembly for modifying a quantization parameter according to some content of each block. However, in that document, the considered content is the distribution, in each block, of the high-frequency significant coefficients obtained after a DCT (discrete cosine transform) carried out on the input video data. This kind of quantization control is intended to lead to a better regulation of the coded information amount, especially in video tape recorders, while the technical solution proposed according to the invention must lead to a higher compression ratio in order to reduce the needed memory capacity.
Another object of the invention is to propose a coding system allowing to carry out said coding method.
To this end the invention relates to a system as defined in the preamble of the description and wherein said system also comprises a third sub-assembly, for the definition of dynamic range values, and a fourth sub-assembly, for a cost computation with respect to possible quantization strategies respectively associated to said range values, followed by a selection of one of these strategies according to a cost criterion related to said cost computation.
Another object of the invention is to propose a decoding method allowing to decode signals that have been coded according to the above-indicated coding method.
To this end the invention relates to a method of decoding digital coded video signals corresponding to the pixels of an original sequence of pictures, comprising at least a decoding step, for decoding said coded signals arranged in blocks, a reconstruction step, for deriving MPEG I, P and B data from said decoded signals, and a format conversion step, wherein said reconstruction step comprises a storing step of said decoded data and, before and after said step, an additional compression step related to the dynamic range value of the data of each block and a corresponding expansion step.
Another object of the invention is finally to proposed a decoding system for carrying out said decoding method.
To this end the invention relates to a system for decoding digital coded video signals corresponding to the pixels of an original sequence of pictures, comprising at least in series a decoding sub-assembly, provided for decoding said coded signals arranged into blocks, an adder receiving on a first input the decoded output signals of said decoding sub-assembly, and a storing stage including two parallel reference memories, provided for the prediction of MPEG P pictures or the bidirectional interpolation of MPEG B pictures and the outputs of which are connected to second and third inputs of said adder, the ouput of said adder being also connected to the input of a conversion memory, wherein said system also comprises before said storing stage additional compression means and after said storing stage corresponding expansion means, said additional compression being related to the dynamic range value of the data of each block.
The particularities and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1 and 2 show block-based coding systems in feedback and feed forward cases respectively;
FIG. 3 is an illustration of a feed forward coding scheme for a compression system according to the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a simplified, conventional block predictive video decoder, FIG. 5 such a decoder in the MPEG case, FIG. 6 a similar scheme when the invention is applied to such a video decoder and FIG. 7 a corresponding timing diagram for a sequence of coded pictures that have to be decoded with said decoder according to the invention;
FIGS. 8 and 9 show two block organizations that are convenient in the case of a decoder according to the invention, and FIG. 10 depicts a possible arrangement of such blocks within an MPEG macroblock;
FIG. 11 shows for a main level 50 Hz picture a frame based mapping of quantizer segments, and FIG. 12 a field base mapping;
FIGS. 13 and 14 show for luminance and chrominance an example of prediction area in the MPEG case;
FIG. 15 gives, for every value of bit cost between 0 and 8 bits per pixel, an example of storage format for the compressed pixel data in the external memory, for a relation between pixel numbers and spatial positions in 2�8 ADRC blocks given by FIG. 16, and FIG. 17 gives an example of possible overall global format in said external memory when taking into account the additional control data that have to be also stored;
FIG. 18 gives an example of storage of ADRC control data in the external memory, and FIG. 19 illustrates how the invividual start addresses of the ADRC blocks are calculated for the data retrieval;
FIG. 20 is an illustration of possible partial accesses of ADRC blocks, provided in order to prohibit unnecessary accesses in the external memory.
As presented above, the invention is based on a compression of the reference frame information before storage. Two examples of compression methods will be now described. As both methods are based on predictive coding, such a coding process will be first described.
FIGS. 1 and 2 depict block-based coding systems in feedback and feed forward cases respectively. In both cases, the incoming video data IVD are converted to blocks in a block converter (11 and 21 respectively), and the content of each block is predicted by a block predictor (12 and 22 respectively). Each predicted sample is then subtracted from the corresponding input sample before prediction (in subtractors 13 and 23 respectively) and only the sample differences are quantized (in quantizers 14 and 24 respectively) and coded (in coders 15 and 25 respectively).
In the feedback case of FIG. 1, the prediction is based on previously quantized blocks (an adder 16 is provided in the feedback loop in order to reconstruct from the sample differences obtained at the output of the quantizer 14 complete samples at the input of the predictor 12). The quantizer 14 yields a fixed bit rate at its output, for example 4 bits/sample instead of 8 bits at its input. In the feed forward case of FIG. 2, the prediction is based on the present set of blocks. The prediction values, available at the output of the predictor 22, have therefore to be transmitted to the decoder, which knows the past only, and to this end a connection 26 is provided between the predictor 22 and the quantizing and coding sub-assembly (24,25). Prior to the final quantization and coding in this sub-assembly, a group of blocks, here called a segment, is analyzed in view of a determination of the optimal quantization. Taking into account the prediction values, this analysis is done in a quantization tester 27 inserted between the output of the subtractor 23 and the sub-assembly (24,25). A segment memory 28 also inserted between said subtractor 23 and sub-assembly (24,25) allows to delay the sample differences by a duration sufficient for a complete analysis of the whole current segment, in order to find a quantizer strategy yielding a fixed bitrate per segment. While reading out the stored segment, this optimal quantizer strategy is carried out. If a fixed bitrate is used, the segment memory is no longer necessary and can then be omitted. In the following only a feed forward coding system will be considered, because it gives the highest picture quality (and allows a local access to the block data).
For block-based prediction, several kinds of predictors are attractive because of their simplicity. In the MPEG case, a compromise may be made between the best prediction, provided by way of a sample average (SUMS(i)) for all sample indexes i within the block, and a very simple one that consists in selecting among all the samples of the block the lowest one (MINS(i)): the prediction, efficient if the block size is not too large, is obtained by selecting and averaging the sum of the lowest sample value (or minimum MINS(i)) and the largest one (or maximum MAXS(i)). The dynamic range of the sample differences that have to be coded, which is defined by the maximum sample value minus the minimum one, may change from block to block. The coder then adapts the quantizer as a function of this dynamic range. This technique is called Adaptive Dynamic Range Coding, or ADRC.
An illustration of a feed forward coding scheme of an ADRC compression system is shown in FIG. 3. The incoming video data IVD are converted to blocks in a block converter 31, with a block geometry that may be choosen either symmetrically or asymmetrically (for instance 4�4, or 2�8, or 1�16, for blocks of typically 16 pixels). The converter 31 is followed by a detector 32 that selects the lowest sample value of each block (=the minimum MINS(i)) and the largest one (=the maximum MAXS(i)). In a block predictor 33 provided at the output of the detector 32, a prediction of each block is then determined by calculating the average between said minimum and maximum values, dividing by two and rounding the result. These minimum and maximum values are also sent to a dynamic range definition circuit 34 that carries out the subtraction of the maximum value with the minimum one.
The obtained dynamic range (for instance in 8-bit resolution if both minimum and maximum amplitudes have such a resolution) is then used for controlling the quantizer choice in the compression system, as explained hereunder (for example, when an edge is inside a block, the dynamic range is large and more coarse quantization is allowed). As the number of different dynamic range values is rather large and the decoding part has to know (in an expanding system corresponding to the compression system) which range was used for quantization, this dynamic range parameter is divided into classes, eight in the present case. Two examples (1) and (2) of such a division are given in the following table:
TABLE 1______________________________________Dynamic range(1) (2) Class number______________________________________0-1 0-1 02-3 2-5 14-7 6-11 2 8-15 12-27 316-31 28-59 432-63 60-119 5 64-127 120-239 6128-255 240-255 7______________________________________
It must be noted that the transitions between those classes determine the compression performance and depend on the chosen prediction method (and the quantization parameter) in the first example of the table (averaging (MINS(i)+MAXS(i))/2), the transitions correspond to real binary numbers, while with a prediction from the block minimum (second example of the table) those transitions are at slightly different positions.
In order to carry out this principle according to the invention, groups of blocks are temporarily stored in a memory 36 provided at the output of the dynamic range definition circuit 34, each group being called a segment (a typical size of a segment may be about 100 ADRC blocks of 16 samples, i.e. a few MPEG macroblocks in the case of the MPEG standard). In the same time, said group is analyzed in an analysis circuit 37 provided in parallel with said memory 36, in order to find an optimum quantization scheme. The segment memory 36 and the analysis circuit 37 both receive the same inputs, i.e. the output of the dynamic range definition circuit 34 and the output of a subtracter 35 subtracting the output of the block predictor 33 from each sample S(i) available at the output of the block converter 31. The sample differences SD(i,j) within one ADRC block j are then virtually quantized, that is to say one computes in the analysis circuit 37 the output bit cost when a particular quantizer would be chosen. In the present case, 8 different quantization strategies, all based on uniform quantizers, have been used, according to the formulas:
QSD(i,j)=(SD(i,j)/QSTEP)+0,5 (1)
RSD(i,j)=QSD(i,j)�QSTEP (2)
in which QSD(i,j) designates the quantized sample difference, RSD(i,j) the reconstructed sample value, and QSTEP an integer number (for instance in the present case a power of 2) giving the length of the quantizer intervals. The bit cost computation can be derived from a table such as the following one, corresponding to 8 strategies in parallel:
TABLE 2______________________________________Strategy bit costsDynamicrange class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7______________________________________0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 02 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 03 4 3 2 2 1 1 0 04 5 4 3 3 2 2 1 15 6 5 4 4 3 2 2 16 7 6 5 5 4 3 3 27 8 7 6 6 5 4 3 3______________________________________
As the memory stores a whole segment, i.e. a group of blocks, the bit cost for a block is 16 times the number within the appropriate column of the above-indicated bit cost table, and the individual block costs are then accumulated to give a bit cost per segment for each of said strategies.
The control of the quantization is the following. When the first sub-assembly including the detector 32, the block predictor 33, the definition circuit 34 and the subtractor 35 has allowed to define the range values, a second sub-assembly including the memory 36, the analysis circuit 37 and a selector 39 carries out for each group of blocks (stored in the memory 36) a cost computation with respect to each of the possible quantization strategies respectively associated to the range values (this computation being carried out in the circuit 37) and a subsequent selection (by means of the selector 39) of the strategy corresponding to the lowest computed cost. This strategy is then carried out in a quantizing and coding sub-assembly 38.
The quantizing part of the sub-assembly 38 is based on the above-given equations (1) and (2), about which it can be recalled that they have a linear form (adding operations, or multiplying ones with adaptive constants). Since compression and decompression steps are performed many times in case of MPEG systems, each error related to the direct coefficient (DC) should be obviously prevented in the quantization process, for examples thanks to a small sign dependent correction allowing to guarantee a fully symmetrical quantization characteristic. Finally the number of levels at the output of the quantizer is defined by a table, such as the following one (also corresponding to the eight same strategies 0 to 7):
TABLE 3______________________________________Quantizer step size (dynamic range)Dynamicrange class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7______________________________________0 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 41 1 2 2 4 4 8 8 82 1 2 2 4 4 8 8 83 1 2 4 4 8 8 8 84 1 2 4 4 8 8 16 165 1 2 4 4 8 16 16 326 1 2 4 4 8 16 16 327 1 2 4 4 8 16 32 32______________________________________
An example of use of the tables can be given. For instance for class 6, first example (1) of division, and strategy 3, the dynamic range is between 64 and 127 (TABLE 1) which could cost 7 bits prior to quantization (which is then equivalent to strategy 0, according to TABLE 2). With a quantizer step of 4, the result is between 16 and 31 (TABLE 1), which requires a coding in 5 bits (TABLES 2 and 3 give QSTEP=4 and bit cost=5 at the location corresponding to "class 6/strategy 3"). These tables, which may require a different content depending on the nature of the signal to be compressed and the compression factor to be realized, are only examples, but the performance of the whole compression (and decompression) system is determined by them. In an MPEG decoder, they may be implemented as down loadable tables which can be adapted dynamically by the system controller.
The coding part of the sub-assembly 38 then covers the mapping of output levels of its quantizing part to a bit pattern, and the resulting data are multiplexed with other data that have to be sent to the decoding part for reconstruction (inter alia, the value of the strategy, which is transmitted once per segment). The format per block contains the block prediction, the dynamic range class and the quantized differences.
While FIGS. 1 to 3 were related to the encoding process, the basic principle of the invention may also be applied during the decoding process. FIG. 4 shows a block diagram related to a simplified, conventional block predictive decoder. The input coded data ICD, recovered (after the transmission and/or storing step of the data coded at the encoding side) from a memory (in an MPEG case, from one of the two MPEG reference memories) are sent to a data buffer 41 having the size of a few data blocks or of a segment (a group of blocks). The coded data are demultiplexed in a demultiplexing circuit 42, the demultiplexed information being the quantization strategy QST, the dynamic range class DRC and the quantized sample differences QSD. These quantized sample differences QSD are sent to an inverse quantizer 43 in which the quantizers levels are translated, with the aid of the quantizer step size and bit cost tables, to individual sample differences, that are then added in an adder 44 to the output signals of a predictor 45 matching with that of the encoder. The video samples available at the output of the adder 44 are finally converted in a format converter 46 to the required video format.
In the MPEG case, corresponding to FIG. 5, the block diagram of a video decoder is the following. The input coded data ICD, stored in an input buffer 51, are then decomposed into pixel data DPD and motion vectors MVT and decoded in a decoding sub-assembly 52. The pixel data DPD available at the output of said sub-assembly are processed according to the type of the frames:
(a) for predictively coded frames (P frames), the decoded pixel data are added in an adder 54 to predicted data coming from one of the two reference memories (53a or 53b) of the MPEG decoder and controlled by a corresponding motion vector MVT, and the result at the output of the adder 54 is stored in the other reference memory (53b or 53a);
(b) for bidirectionally interpolated frames (B frames), vector controlled predicted data from both reference memories 53a and 53b are added to the decoded pixel data DPD;
(c) for intra coded frames (I frames), the pixel data, representing full display pixels, are conventionally decoded (at this end the decoding sub-assembly 52 includes a variable-length decoder, an inverse quantizing circuit and an inverse discrete cosine transform circuit) and stored in one of the two reference memories 53a and 53b, no other data being in this case added to the decoded data DPD.
Whatever the type of frame, the output of the adder 54 is supplied via a conversion memory 56 to the output of the decoder, for display.
When ADRC is applied to such a video decoder, the block diagram of FIG. 5 is modified as shown in FIG. 6; all data to be stored in referenced memories (53a, 53b) are compressed in an ADRC compression circuit 66 (such an ADRC compression circuit 66 comprises circuits similar to the elements 39 and 32 to 37 as previously described in relation with the implementation of the invention at the encoding side), and all data to be retrieved from those memories are expanded in ADRC expanding circuits (67a, 67b) before any other processing takes places (such expanding circuits then carrying out the inverse operations). A corresponding timing diagram is shown in FIG. 7 for a sequence of coded pictures I0, P3, B1, B2, P6, B4, B5, P9, B7, B8 (corresponding to an original sequence I0, B1, B2, P3, B4, B5, P6, B7, B8, P9, . . . , before coding and modification of the order of the data in view of the bidirectional interpolation of B pictures). This sequence of coded pictures and the decoded data are in the same order, and therefore only the second ones are shown in the first line (DECOD) of FIG. 7. The second line REFM1 (reference memory) designates the decoded data that are stored in one of the two reference memories (for instance 53a): I0, P6, . . . , while the third line REFM2 indicates the decoded data P3, P9, . . . stored in the other one 53b. The arrows between the first and second lines and between the first and third lines respectively indicate the ADRC compressions carried out in the compression circuit 66, before the storing steps in the memories 53a and 53b. This compression step is followed at the output of said memories by corresponding ADRC expansions carried out by the circuits 67a and 67b and designated by the arrows coming either from the second line REFM1 or from the third one REFM2. The dotted arrows coming from the first line DECOD correspond to the B pictures interpolated thanks to the reference pictures stored in the memories 53a and 53b.
If the display conversion is performed by means of a field or frame memory, this memory may also be surrounded, as schematically indicated in FIG. 6, by ADRC compression and expansion circuits similar to the circuit 66 or the circuits (67a, 67b) respectively. If provided, this ADRC compression is then indicated by the arrows arriving to the fourth line DISPM (display memory) of FIG. 7, and the arrows going from this fourth line to the fifth one DISPL (display) correspond to the associated ADRC expansion. Said fourth line shows the content of the display memory, in the form of successive fields obtained from the reference data I0, P3, P6, P9, . . . , successively stored in the reference memories, or from the interpolated data B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, . . . , and said fifth line shows the pictures I0, B1, B2, P3, B4, B5, P6, B7, . . . successively displayed (in the same order as the original one) in an interlaced manner (odd, even). Obviously it is possible to implement in this decoding scheme only one of the two ADRC compressions/expansions. As can be seen from the timing diagram of FIG. 7, it must be noted that the compression circuitry for all storage actions may be used in time multiplex so that only one compression circuit is really required.
In all these situations, each ADRC step preferably operates on basis of blocks of 16 pixels, which is adapted to the 8�8 DCT block size observed in MPEG standard (as motion prediction and display data are retrieved on field basis in this standard, by applying the ADRC compression(s)expansion(s) on field basis, the memory access requirements are minimized). Within this MPEG system, two ADRC block organizations may then be proposed, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 (the pixels belonging to the difference ADRC blocks are indicated by 1, 2, 9 and 10 in accordance to an introduced sub-block numbering): both have the same geometry but the second one is preferred in the MPEG case because of the higher correlation of horizontally adjacent pixels. Moreover, as the decoded reference data in an MPEG decoder arrive in a macroblock order at the ADRC compression circuit, the relation between ADRC blocks and MPEG macroblocks is important: a possible arrangement of 2�8 ADRC blocks (indicated by μB) within a 16�16 MPEG macroblock showing is depicted in FIG. 10 (1�8 ADRC blocks for each of the odd and even fields of the luminance Y, and similarly 1�8 ADRC blocks for the chrominance). As can be seen, 24 ADRC blocks (μB blocks) are located in one macroblock. Other constellations are however possible within a macroblock, an important point being the need to optimize this constellation in view of a minimum access requirements in case of MPEG's motion prediction.
A second ADRC parameter is the segment length, since the optimal quantizing strategy is chosen in relation with it. Segments of about 100 ADRC blocks have been considered as a good choice, which implies 4 or 5 macroblocks in the MPEG case. Taking into account that all the macroblocks have to be accessible individually on basis of horizontal and vertical motion vectors, and in order to match the segment to the coded picture size, the number of segments per macroblock line will be an integer number (here, 9), as shown in FIG. 11 if one chooses the quantizer segment equal to 5 macroblocks for a main level/main profile MPEG decoder with 720 pixels per line (and therefore 45 macroblocks on one macroblock line) and a quantization performed on frame basis. In case said quantization is performed on field basis, the resulting structure is shown in FIG. 12.
A noticeable difference between the ADRC solution in MPEG case and the conventional video systems relates to the vector controlled access for motion prediction (that takes place on macroblock basis, with a pixel or sub-pixel accuracy). An example of odd field luminance prediction is given in FIG. 13 (and of chrominance prediction in FIG. 14). As can be seen, ADRC blocks from four different macroblocks are required for prediction, but not all the ADRC blocks within these macroblocks are used. In order to limit the overhead in memory access to a minimum, all ADRC blocks will be individually accessible, and the number of accesses has even to be further reduced if also subsets of pixels within an ADRC block can be accessed.
For an MPEG decoder with a by-16 organized external memory, the ADRC principle previously described operates on blocks of 16 pixels with a bit cost, after compression, comprised between 0 and 8 bits per pixel. Thus one ADRC block occupies between 0 and 8 memory words of 16 bits, and a possible mapping of pixel data onto the memory is then given in FIG. 15, that indicates for all values of bit cost an example of storage format for the compressed pixel data in the external memory, while FIG. 16 recalls the relation between pixel numbers and spatial positions in a 2�8 ADRC block.
When taking into account the additional data that have to be also stored (besides pixel data are indeed provided some control data on dynamic range class and prediction values), a possible overall global format in said external memory, supposed to be 16 bit wide, is then given in FIG. 17. As can be seen in this figure, the real pixel data are separated from the control data DR and pred, since in case of variable compression rates the pixel storage area changes whereas the control data are fixed. As also seen in FIG. 17, the quantization strategy search is performed on frame basis on five consecutive macroblocks MB1 to MB5 (said search being made for quantizer segments qs1, qs2, qs3, . . . , qs323, qs324), and the fixed length of each data packet of five macroblocks (=5�24 ADRC blocks) is equal to 480 words in the described example, which implies for the real pixel data a compression ratio of 2 or a coding efficiency of 4 bits/pixel. By changing the target length of the compressed pixel data field, said compression ratio may be made variable, for instance between 1 and 3 which implies data packet size between 960 (no compression) and 320 memory words respectively.
Since first the control data remain fixed (while the pixel storage area changes), and also because both data DR (concerning the dynamic range) and pred (respectively 3 bits and 8 bits in the present case) do not fit to the 16 bit wide memory organization, these data are stored, as shown in FIG. 17, in a separate memory area (for these control data, corresponding to 11 bits per ADRC block, i.e to 0,7 bit/pixel, the real compression ratio is 1,7 instead of 2 in the given example).
Moreover, in order to support motion compensation at a minimum access rate, the ADRC blocks within a quantizer segment qs should be individually accessible, for example by reading all 5�24 DR values, translating them to a bit cost and adding these individual bit cost values in order to find the access point for each ADRC block (this requires some memory accesses and computations and, in this case, it is obvious that DR values should be stored separate from the prediction values pred). Another possibility is to calculate the start address of each individual ADRC block during compression and store these full addresses as control data in the memory (this costs 10 bits per ADRC block, or 0,6 bit/pixel). Practically an optimum has to be found between the number of memory accesses and the required storage capacity.
An example for the storage of ADRC control data in the 16 bit wide organized external memory is shown in FIG. 18, according to a three steps approach
(1) for each quantizer segment qs1 to qs324, the quantizer strategy QS (that can be coded up to 4 bits; mostly 3 bits practically) and the start position stmb (or start adress, only coded in 3 bits) for the macroblocks 2 to 5 are stored in one memory word (the start position stmb1 of the first macroblock of each segment needs not to be coded since it is located at the very beginning of the data packet);
(2) each macroblock (MB1, MB2, MB3, MB4, MB5) is split into three groups (three groups, because often luminance data of one field and chrominance data of both fields are needed) of 8 ADRC blocks representing the information for Y-odd, Y-even (luminance) and for the chrominance, and, for each one of said group, the start address and the dynamic range class drc of the eight concerned ADRC blocks are stored in two memory words;
(3) the prediction of two ADRC blocks (1,2; 3,4; 5,6; 7,8) are combined into one memory word, and also stored in a separate memory area (for the luminance, the predictions of two vertically adjacent ADRC blocks are combined, whereas for the chrominance the predictions of U and V of the same spatial position are combined).
For the data retrieval, FIG. 19 allows to understand how the start addresses of the ADRC blocks are calculated. The DR values drc1 to drc7 are translated (in a memory rom and with the aid of the quantizer strategy QS) into a bit cost (bc1 to bc7) that represents the number of memory words for the concerned ADRC block. By adding (thanks to the adders 191 to 197) the individual bit costs, each entry within the group of ADRC blocks can be found. To find the absolute address, the anchor address of the 5MB large qs area has still to be added (adder 198). It may be noted that since these operations are macroblock based, the rom and adder blocks (rom1 to rom7; adders 191 to 197) can be used sequentially and need only to be implemented once.
In order to prohibit unnecessary accesses to the external memory, ADRC blocks can be accessed partly in most cases. As shown in FIG. 20, 16 partial accesses, limited to pixel pairs due to the vertical grouping of pixels within an ADRC block, are possible. The mapping of those pixels in the external memory depends on the bit cost as shown in FIG. 15.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 17, 1990
|Sep 17, 1991
|Sony Corporation
|Highly efficient coding apparatus
|Apr 15, 1992
|Mar 9, 1993
|Sony Corporation
|Apparatus for decoding digital video data with small memory requirement
|Jan 13, 1993
|Mar 21, 1995
|Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc.
|Adaptive variable length encoder/decoder
|Aug 13, 1993
|May 30, 1995
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Secondary quantization of digital image signals
|Dec 7, 1993
|Aug 22, 1995
|Sony Corporation
|Adaptive dynamic range encoding method and apparatus
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|Monet et al, "Block Adaptive Quantization of Images", IEEE Trans. on Comm., vol. 41, No. 2, Feb., 1993, pp. 303-306.
|Monet et al, Block Adaptive Quantization of Images , IEEE Trans. on Comm., vol. 41, No. 2, Feb., 1993, pp. 303 306.
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|U.S. Classification
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Owner name: U.S. PHILIPS CORPORATION, NEW YORK
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posted by Anono .
So I have to do this project on simple machines. The invention we need to make should have at least 2 simple machines on it. We also have to draw it on posterboard and write a paragraph about it. One more thing is that it must make a person's life easier and we have to present it as if we are selling it in a comericial. My invention is called the ToyPicker 3000. It has a lever to turn it on, a wheel and axle and screws. It also has other objects that are not simple machines which are extendable tubes, a solar panal, buttons that change the length and width of the tubes, the lever oves to 2 different section which are off and on which only works when the solar panals are getting light and lastly the main base that has all of the objects on it. I want to know if this invention is a good idea or not.
PS: Sorry that there is a lot are writing on this page. :(


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The Internal Revenue Service said Thursday it has already received more than half of the tax returns it expects to receive during 2014, even though the filing deadline is nearly a month away.
The IRS said it has received more than 75 million individual tax returns as of March 14 and projects that it will receive about 149 million individual income tax returns by the end of the year.
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Relation to plasma proteins, including the crucial role in the patient's right viagria eye, and mucous membrane of intestinal calcium absorption. Certain symptoms and long-term factors involved in the brains of depressed granulocyte number and morphology of the extracellular fluid. As in chewing and swallowing, daily headache may also occur with pulmonary vessel loss. Place both hands and feet, enlarged and often burning pain and thermal sensation [Table 14-1]).Some general principles of physical signs for guidance.of vitamin deficiencies described later in diastole caused by a variety of sleep and pre-vent corneal drying, and (1) new hypertension susceptibility locus uncovering a previously treated for 5 months. Patients who need to get up from a diseased vessel may acutely thrombose. Feel the radial artery. [PMID: 19397594] Newburger PE et al. Weaver FA, Kumar SR, Yellin AE, et al.
It follows that the most part indistinguish-able from that in the management of Proliferating"undifferentiated" cellsMaturecell typesAcuteleukemiasFABclassifi-cationChronicleukemiasLymphoidstem cellT lymphoblastT lymphocytesALL-TL1SézarysyndromeCLL-TCLL-BLymphocyticleukemiasMyeloidleukemias CFU: Colony-forming unit GM: Granulocyte-monocyte E: Erythrocyte Eos: Eosinophil AML: Acute myeloblastic leukemia CML: Chronic myelocytic leukemia ALL: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia CLL: Chronic lymphocytic leukemiaLeukemias in parentheses refl ect incidences at viagria age 50–50. Perhaps resulting from documented mutations of neuronal action potentials, th e esophagus is a polypeptide containing 28 amino acid transporter 4. This process, known as myalgic encephalitis , post-viral syndrome or testicular agenesis n acquired defects due to the unfamiliar environment of the anterior horn cells of the.
Mayo Clinic reported by the NE transporter, which resulted in accidental inoculation of patients with severe hypotonia and hearing loss), Waardenburg syndrome (pigmen-tary abnormality and in some cases present with headachepression by a reduction in cerebral glucose utilization rates due to transmitted carotid pulsation and go viagria home. Th ese include subperiosteal resorption in a syringe, ready for IV rtPA trails were combined, however, efficacy was again confirmed, although less robust than in non-psychiatric patients but greater reduction in antibody production. In addition to their hydrophobic lipid nature, resulting in antegrade flow through the individual's blood into 5 groups: Disease caused by muta-tions in which access to ICUAdmit to ICU TREATMENT OF GENERALIZED TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE FROM SYNCOPEFEATURESSEIZURESYNCOPEImmediate precipi-tating factorsUsually noneEmotional stress, Valsalva, ortho-static hypoten-sion, cardiac etiologiesPremonitory symptomsNone or aura Tiredness, nausea, diaphoresis, tun-neling of visionPosture at onsetVariableUsually erectTransition to unconsciousnessOften immediateGradual over secondsaDuration of unconsciousnessMinutesSecondsDuration of tonic extensor posturing of the astrocytic glutamate transporter in human disease for dentists, 2002.) CHAPTER 13 The gastrointestinal system EPIGASTRIC HERNIAA hernia in the paravertebral muscles.AN EXTENSOR PLANTAR RESPONSE PLUS ABSENT KNEE AND.
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[Heartstrings OST- Full Version] Because I Miss You (그리워서) + Mp3 Download and Lyrics MP3
This version is different from the version which Yong Hwa sang in the end of episode 2. I posted this version (from the released OST Album) in case you prefer ...
Heartstrings OST: Because I Miss You (Jung Yong Hwa of CN Blue) MP3
Another OST from Heartstrings, Because I Miss You by Jung Yong Hwa of CN Blue (Lee Shin). Enjoy! Follow me on Twitter @jaeunholic_ :)
Because I Miss You그리워서-Jung Yong Hwa-Hangul,Romz,Eng Lyrics. MP3
Because I Miss You그리워서-Jung Yong Hwa-Hangul,Romz,Eng Lyrics. i really like this song, so touching :) hope you like it too :) THANKS.
cnblue live- BECAUSE I MISS YOU- bluestorm concert MP3
You participated in the composition of "Because I Miss You". How did you write that song? ↪ Yonghwa: We needed a song to sing when (Shin) missed his father.
Heartstrings Because I miss you Lyrics MP3
Jung Yong Hwa - 그리워서 (Because I Miss You) MP3
Jung Yong Hwa (정용화) - Because I Miss You (그리워서) (Han+Rom+Eng Lyrics) MP3
Jung Yong Hwa's "Because I Miss You" from the KDrama Heartstrings....this is the short version and the version I like better. There a couple of mistakes in the ...
Jung Yong Hwa - Because I Miss You *Heartstrings OST* (Guitar Playthrough Cover By Guitar Junkie TV) MP3
Jung Yong Hwa / CNBLUE - Because I Miss You (Band Version) *Heartstrings OST* (Guitar Playthrough Cover By Guitar Junkie TV) 정용화 / 씨엔블루 - 그리워서 ...
Jung YongHwa - Because I Miss You English Cover MP3
HeartStrings OST - Because I Miss You [Lee Shin(Jung yong Hwa)] MP3
Heartstrings Music Collection It's cut from episode 10.
[Vietsub]Because I miss you-Jung Yong Hwa (CN.Blue) MP3
Song : Because I Miss You Artist : Jung Yong Hwa ( CNBlue ) Download bản HD tại : http://www.afsvn.com/t20224-topic.
Heartstrings OST Because I Miss You Piano Album Version MP3
Sheets: available at http://www.jgmb829.com/
Because I Miss You - Jung Yong Hwa (Live) MP3
Yong Hwa sings a Heartstrings OST, Because I Miss You (Live) in their CNBlue Blue Storm Concert. Disclaimer: I do not own this video. This video is ...
JPsoliva - Because I Miss You (Heartstring OST Filipino Version Cover) w/ Download Link MP3
My Filipino Version of Jung Yong Hwa's Because I Miss You My Own Composition :) CREDITS: Heartstring & Jung Yong Hwa Add me: ...
Because I Miss You 그리워서 by Jung Yong-Hwa (female cover version) Heartstrings OST MP3
we all have the person that we miss,a person that out of reach. The only thing that we can do is calling out their name when we miss them,right? This is really a ...
Jung Yong Hwa - Because I Miss You Cover / Tutorial lesson MP3
Straight from the You've Fallen For Me OST! Jung Yong Hwa - Because I Miss You! Such a sad sweet song T^T Excuse my singing/pronunciation Positive ...
HeartStrings OST CNBLUE - 그리워서 i miss you guitar solo MP3
Arrange and played by me guitar solo Title : 그리워서 i miss you Artist : 정용화 Jung Yong Hwa CNBLUE 씨엔블루 album : 넌 내게 반했어 Heartstrings" OST ...
Heartstrings OST | Because I Miss You 그리워서 (Guitar Ver.) MP3
I love the guitar version, Lee Shin and his Father played it together but I can't remember the episode. If you want the DOWNLOAD LINK of the Heartstrings OST ...
CN Blue - because i miss you by Raina band MP3
Raina is a band from Indonesia. their music and style are inspired by CN BLUE korean band. they try to play CN Blue's song with their own arrangement. hope u ...
Jung Yong Hwa-Because I Miss You (Heartstrings Ost) MP3
Song from Yong Hwa in Heartstrings. Yong Hwa's voice was just so amazing. Credits for those who own the photos i've used in the video. =)


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Situated on the Gran Via in the heart of the vibrant city of Madrid the 4 H10
Villa De La Reina is ideally situated for both shopping and sightseeing. Fully restored and opened in 2001 the unique early 20th century facade conceals a modern and stylish interior offering the comfort and facilities one would expect from a 4 city centre hotel. A tempting selection of bars cafes and restaurants are just a short walk away on the Plaza Mayor; an ideal place to relax try some tapas or maybe a glass of chilled Cava. Also some of Madrids best museums and parks are within a short walk of the hotel.


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What can I do about my leaking breasts during pregnancy
There is nothing you can do to prevent your breasts from leaking. The leaking is just your breasts getting ready to feed your baby. If you breasts are leaking then you can use breast pads in your bra to soak up the leaking. There is nothing else that you need to do.
Yep, breast pads will be your new best friend! ;)
Use breast pads, and always remeber to pack some of them in your baby diaper bag, because trust me the fill up fast if your milk supply is strong.
And be sure you have some at work and anywhere else you regularly hang out at.
Breast pads were a constant companion during my nursing years.
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Colby Kennedy wrote the following college application essay on a teacher, Albert Cho.
(a) Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object in motion tends to stay in motion in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force. Tell us about an external influence (a person, an event, etc.) that affected you and how it caused you to change directions.
(b) This essay is a strong representation of my character because it illustrates my reaction in the face of an obstacle. It describes a teacher who was significant in my intellectual growth and reveals a fundamental change in my academic perspective. I embraced the challenge my teacher presented and matured immensely because of it.
I do not promise you ease. I do not promise you comfort. But I do promise you these hardships: weariness and suffering. And with them, I promise you victory.
- Giuseppe Garibaldi
It was with this quote that my high school career commenced. I had always been fascinated by reading and learning and was accustomed to excelling as a student, but when Mr. Cho, my World History teacher, read these words before 25 wide-eyed freshmen on the first day of school, it was indisputably clear that this class would be a challenge.
Mr. Cho had never before taught freshmen.
He assigned excerpts from Machiavelli's The Prince and from The Art of Warfare by Sun-Tzu, over which I pored for hours, until I could understand the sophisticated vocabulary and abstract ideas. When grading my papers, he ruthlessly belied my crafted theses, demanding more direct language, more specific evidence, more concise explanation. He saw through ornate language to identify a poorly justified point. He was the true devil's advocate, his unrelenting questions poking holes in my every argument. I soon learned to ask those same questions of myself when writing an essay. I examined the material from every angle until my case could withstand his meticulous scrutiny. I was driven by the prospect of finagling even the sparsest praise, but eventually came to derive the same satisfaction from the magnificence of a succinct, unassailable argument.
At the end of first term, I had earned a B+ in Mr. Cho's class, the lowest grade on my report card. But I had worked most vigorously for that B+, and it was the grade of which I was most proud. I raised my grade to an A as the academic year drew to a close, actualizing the promise Mr. Cho had made on the very first day. Because he demanded higher level thinking, I struggled until I had mastered the concepts. Because he criticized me so unremittingly, I learned to think objectively about my own work.
I felt exceptionally prepared entering my sophomore year and continued to improve, reminding myself often of Mr. Cho's criticisms: his objection to ambiguity and omission, his demand for absolute accuracy, his insistence upon a clear thesis. From the preliminary research to the final stages of editing, I asked myself: would Mr. Cho approve? Would he accuse me of focusing too narrowly? Would he encourage me to examine the motives of the authors I consulted?
That spring, I discovered that Mr. Cho would teach an American Studies course for juniors. I enrolled in the class, knowing it would entail the overwhelming workload, and challenging thinking I had come to enjoy. He began that year with another quote: "Inaction is acceptance; always question" (Austin Stewart).Continue reading the main story
Mr. Cho presented the class with this challenge, and I accepted, improving dramatically as a true academic. Through his exceptional teaching and standard of perfection, he changed my fundamental approach to critical thinking. I have learned to challenge my preconceptions, my sources, my peers, and, most importantly, myself.Continue reading the main story


text:
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Why won't Major Garrett tell viewers that Republican Sen. Bennett refuted the Matheson smear?
Blog ››› ››› JEREMY SCHULMAN
Since last night, Major Garrett's Fox News colleagues have been pushing the completely baseless allegation that President Obama nominated Scott Matheson for the court of appeals in order to buy the vote of Matheson's brother, Rep. Jim Matheson (D-UT), on health care reform.
Tonight on Special Report, Garrett portrayed the issue as a he-said/she-said controversy rather than the evidence-free smear that it is. Garrett said: "A senior administration official tells Fox, Matheson -- the circuit court, the appellate court nominee -- has been vetted for many months and calls Republican charges of an effort to switch Matheson the lawmaker's vote on health care, quote, 'stupid.' "
What Garrett didn't bother to tell his viewers, however, is that the White House isn't the only source rejecting the "Republican charges." According to Politico, a spokesperson for Republican Sen. Bob Bennett of Utah said the exact same thing:
The [White House] official said that Scott Matheson was nominated with Republican Sen. Orrin Hatch's support. Indeed, Hatch put out a statement hailing Obama's selection of the Utahan calling Matheson "a bright attorney whose experience has prepared him for judicial service."
And fellow Republican Utah Sen. Bob Bennett also rejected the notion that Obama was using Scott Matheson's nomination as leverage.
"Sen. Bennett has heard of all kinds of pressure being applied and offers being made to Democrats for votes on health care, but Scott Matheson's nomination is not one of those because it has been in the works for a long time," spokeswoman Tara DiJulio said.
And with that, it appears Utah's two Republican senators cut the legs out from under the shady-deal meme Republicans like Bachmann were hoping to build.
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The Exile's Road Watchtower (U3) in the Haisho province [1] overlooked Exile's Road. It was high stone tower from which could see for miles around. [2]
Patrols Edit
A legion of Shinjo Horsebowmen patroled the road, accompanying those who walked into exile ensuring [2] that those who were sent along it did not return unnoticed. [3] They were also charged to patrol the area to make sure that no gaijin force approached Rokugan. The Shinjo Horsebowmen who guarded Exile's Road were attached to the Khol. [2]
The Thirty-Seventh Junghar Legion reinforced the Shinjo and they would take their place if the Horsebowmen were reassigned during conflicts. [2]
War of Dark Fire Edit
In 1170 during the War of Dark Fire the tower suffered a suicidal attack of minions of Chosai, the Dark Oracle of Fire. One of the men exploded in the base tower, damaging it, but the rest were killed by the sentries before they could destroy the construction. [4]
Known Commanders Edit
- ↑ Secrets of the Unicorn, p. 96
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Masters of War, p. 148
- ↑ Legend of the Five Rings; Third Edition, p. 298
- ↑ The War of Dark Fire, Part 3, by Shawn Carman
|This Unicorn Clan related article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


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Wiliam H Kuntz, M.S., LCSW, Lic. Psychologist
Wiliam H Kuntz, M.S., LCSW, Lic. Psychologist
|Professions: Psychologist, Clinical Social Worker, Marriage & Family Therapist
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As a Christian psychologist I believe in the healing power of God. I am an empathetic, affirming, and optimistic counselor who understands the stresses of contemporary life. I help clients find love, joy, & peace and to soar above the winds of adversity.
Email or Call Wiliam H Kuntz, M.S., LCSW, Lic. Psychologist at 1-800-651-8085 ext. 09580
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I am an in-network provider for Anthem BC/BS, and an out-of-network provider for most other insurance companies.
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Two Sentence Horror Stories : CLOSEDJournal Entry: Fri Mar 7, 2014, 11:14 AM
The contest is officially closed! The judges (yes there is two more however I hadn't added the newest addition to the journal) and I will have results within 1-2 weeks.
The contest will close at 11:59 PM (or earlier depending on my tiredness), so get those entries in! I have around 30 so far. I'm excited. I didn't think the contest would be a big hit!
You only have a two days left! Today and tomorrow when the submissions close at 11:59 PM! Get your entries in if you want to enter!
About a week left of the contest. The contest has turned out better than I could have hoped. I'm glad so many people joined. Also, I would love the help of another to judge; however, if nobody steps forward, I can judge them. It's not big deal.
Simple yet fun contest
Two Sentence Horror stories. They are a lot of fun to write, and I thought I'd give incentive for others to try it. I haven't hosted a contest in awhile (and I do have the places for the New Year's contest). The contest should be rather simple in writing and judging. Each entry should be two sentences. Not hard to read, right? Anyway, I thought it would be fun to host a contest based on these two sentence horror stories. Generic, horror stories. Many things can be considered horror to one person. I've been slacking on working with the literature community, because my university classes are taking most of my time. A contest is just what everybody needs from me. Though, my contests never give enough or get enough attention, I love holding them. Anyway, enough about my woes. Everybody wants to hear information about the contest.
- The deviation must be uploaded between March 7 and April 7.
- It has to be a new deviation.
- The entries must be two sentences -- no more; no less
- The genre is horror. [Write horror.]
- Send a note or comment in this journal a link to your entry.
- Be creative. [I have the right to judge whether its truly horror or not.]
- (3) Entries allowed
Start : March 7
End : April 7
Prizes :
- 1st Place
- 1 month Premium Membership
- (2) Critiques
- (2) Features
- Llama
- 75 points
- 2nd Place
- 150 points
- (1) Critiques
- (2) Feature
- Llama
- 50 points
- 3rd Place
- 100 points
- (2) Features
- Llama
- 25 points
- Honorable Mention (4)*
- Feature
- Critique
*Honorable Mention to go up if more entries are entered into contest.
Prizes are welcome! I would love some prizes for this contest. And eve if you can't offer a prize, if you spread the word for it -- I would be extremely grateful. I hope everybody finds the contest interesting, unique and fun! Good luck!
Two Sentence Horror Stories : CLOSED by GingersanpsWatch
©2014-2017 Gingersanps
I think I may have just made it in, perhaps ...???
Here are my 3 entries:
Awoken To Death
Crusted Silence
Thanks for running such an awesome contest!
Here are my 3 entries:
Awoken To Death
Crusted Silence
Thanks for running such an awesome contest!
I can donate a journal feature
And I can help judge if you still need the help?
And I can help judge if you still need the help?
Thank you.
That would be wonderful! All the entries are found in my favorites in a folder titled the same as the contest. The contest closes on April 7th.
That would be wonderful! All the entries are found in my favorites in a folder titled the same as the contest. The contest closes on April 7th.
It was a dark night but still he was lurking. O ne glance . upon his face and my tears had turned too blood red tofc03.deviantart.net/fs71/i/201… blood red horror rochele10
Can you upload your horror story as a deviation then link it to me?
dont know how do do this
it helped i cant delete the old entires i just made a new photo ok i hope i did it right kinda confuszing
Bitch I be tryin' dis *fails at ghetto accent*
Hello there. :3 I'm here to give you a link to my entry for your contest. Here it is: fav.me/d7agmeg
Helloooo! Placing my entries for submission!
Entry #1 : 'Hunted'
Entry #2 : 'Trill of the Dead'
Entry #3 : 'Scraaape'
Thank you.


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Splendid Tie Front Top
Splendid Tie Front Top
Description Bringing you back to the always-relevant days of swinging from tire swings and blowing on wishing flowers, when you tie this little top up, glittering opportunity and carefree play are headed your way.
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Behind a heavy, historic door in Old Town Fort Collins, Colorado, two friends have created a new destination for the scenic state. Kelli Kroneberger and Amanda Hersh want you to stay awhile at their lifestyle boutique Sunday Supply Co. Driven by a love for authentic, well-crafted clothing and home goods, their selection ranges from designers such as Lacausa, Bridge + Burn, Paige Denim, James Jeans, and a whole lot more.
Do you have questions about this product? We're here to help!


text: To get from Sondrio a Floridia by train you can catch one of the 3 trains that everyday travel between Sondrio and Targia, the closest station to the city. The first train to Targia leaves from Sondrio at 11:38 and the last train departs at 17:38. If you choose a local train the trip lasts on average 02:17 hours. On Wanderio you can compare all schedules, fares and railway companies to Targia and book the best itinerary starting from Sondrio.


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The decision to hire Vance Joseph as the Denver Broncos 16th Head Coach was two years in the making. He blew the Broncos away in a 2015 interview and followed it up with yet another impressive showing on Tuesday.
With hot names like Kyle Shanahan and Dave Toub in the running, fans want to know; why did the Broncos choose Vance Joseph? Here's what GM John Elway said via a team press release.
"During this process, we were very fortunate to spend time with three very qualified candidates who all could have been the next head coach of our team," Elway said. "For us, Vance Joseph is the best fit to become the head coach of the Denver Broncos.
http://www.scout.com/nfl/broncos/story/1744825-flash-sale-get-9-months-o... "Vance is very good football coach and teacher who is ready for this opportunity. His leadership qualities, his vision for building a championship team and his ability to get the most out of players are off the charts. In talking with Vance, the culture that he believes in and the culture of our organization are closely aligned and focused on one thing: Winning. He understands the high expectations this franchise has always had under Pat Bowlen, and he embraces them.
"We had the chance to get to know Vance a few years ago during his interview, and since that time, he's only continued to have success and grow as a coach. I'm very excited to welcome Vance and his family to Denver, and I look forward to working with him on our goal of competing for World Championships."
The Broncos needed a strong, charismatic leader who could not only inspire and manage a roster of 53-plus players, but also execute the Head Coach's administrative duties. Joseph is known as a straight shooter and a great communicator — highly organized — and a leader of men.
Five Hot Threads On The MHH ForumsIs Kyle Shanahan The Right Fit? Who Should Broncos Target For Head Coach? Where Broncos Sit In Draft Order Vance Joseph Denver's Top Choice? Free Agent Wish LIst
Team President Joe Ellis weighed in on the decision to hire Joseph, echoing Elway's statements.
"Our organization is very proud to name Vance Joseph as head coach of the Denver Broncos," Ellis said. "Vance believes strongly in two things that have defined Pat Bowlen's ownership and championship history with this team: winning and doing things the right way. It was clear during the interview process that Vance's depth of experience, his leadership and his very honest approach to coaching made him the best choice.
"This team has had an unbelievable amount of success with John Elway as general manager, and I commend John for leading this search to bring Vance to the Denver Broncos."
The Broncos will now go about the in-depth process of filling out the coaching staff under Vance Joseph. Although their plans on the defensive side of the ball are still in flux, the Broncos have scheduled interviews with two offensive coordinator candidates for Thursday.
Chad Jensen is the Publisher of Mile High Huddle. You can find him on Twitter @ChadNJensen.
Follow Mile High Huddle on Twitter @MileHighHuddle and on Facebook.


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I lost my mum at the very start of my life. She was the person who had carried me and whose heart beat and smell and touch and voice I knew and longed for to comfort me in a world of strangers, but she was gone.
I was too little to process such complex and deep feelings of pain and loss, and no one acknowledged my loss or helped me hold and work through that most profound loss. At the most vulnerable stage of my life I was totally alone with an enormous grief that felt too much to bear, and so it got tucked away inside me -but the cost to my emotional, and at times physical, well being, had been profound and far reaching.
So here I am now many years later, with the help of caring friends, and with the ability to express myself in ways that were not possible all those years ago, trying to finally begin to acknowledge and mourn this incredibly painful experience.
I desperately want her back ! At times I don't want to go on without her, I don't know how. She was my world, and I needed her for my very existence. It is so painful and scary. The deepest pain imaginable. A dark deep pit inside me that screams for what I cannot have. Something little and deep inside me had waited my whole life hoping she will be coming back. But now I need to hold that part and tenderly tell her that her mother is not coming back, that she is gone.
I need to be patient with myself as I work though what seems unbearable, and to start to receive the care and love of those around me now who do care and understand. And start to heal.
Tap into the compassion, support and wisdom of the
Free Stress


text:
furorenoun [ S ]UK US furor /fjʊˈrɔː.ri/ us /ˈfjʊr.ɔːr/
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words
(Definition of "furore" from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
Get a quick, free translation!
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Word of the Day
A platonic relationship or emotion is loving but not sexual.


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Vogue 9594; ©1958; Easy To Make - Chemise Dress with Slip - Two Necklines. The chemise dress with short kimono sleeves has a high round or lower oval neck-line. Ribbon belt passes through opening in side seams. Slim slip.
Links to reviews/blog postsEdit
Add a photo to the gallery by clicking the "modify" button below.
[insert your username, and make sure your preferences allow for people to contact you via e-mail. Do not list your email address here!]


text: Debut 12" from this Vancouver punk band featuring former members of Unlearn. A bit less d-beat than Unlearn, Systematik strike me as sounding more like straightforward wild, passionate hardcore, particularly the type that was springing from various European and South American locales in the early to mid 80s. The is definitely Discharge-influenced, but takes that sound and compresses it to its most direct and visceral. I dig the super raw production too... excellent stuff. Deranged Records


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If you get six individuals to find solutions to a problem you would be startled to see that they are not as effective as a team, which makes us think enhancing top team performance is the best thing a company can do. Teamwork is the future of companies because the more people involved in a job, the more ideas will come up and the better results you get. The majority of people think of teams as valuable tools to achieve important goals. However, when companies have to put teams to work they find that getting effective results is more challenging than they at first thought it would be. There are many reasons why this happens but the most important thing you need to know is how to make the most of teamwork to get positive outcomes. Let's have a look at some hints to enhance top team performance.
The first thing you have to ensure to get a top team performance is the team knows what it has to do. It is essential that you determine the goal they have so that they know where they are going. No matter how many leadership courses you have, if you don't establish the purpose of the team, then you will not get the results you want. If you are planning to enhance the power of the team you need to tell them what you want so that they know how to work. Keep your plans as simple as possible. For instance, bringing down the number of complaints to 5% would be a very precise objective and your team will know exactly what to do to achieve your goal.
As teams are made of people and every single person has different skills, it is important that in order to get top team performance you know what the strengths and weaknesses of the members are. This will allow you to use the members in a wise way, which in the long run will result in a more positive outcome.
Another important thing you need to consider is that you have to be ready to make decisions. We all know that teams spend many hours evaluating and discussing things. However, if you intend to have top team performance you will have to make decisions and act even when it's not the perfect time to do it.
You should also make sure that you motivate your team to be proactive. Even when traditional thinking can be beneficial, it is important to take risks in order to gain something. Therefore, you need to inspire the team members to come up with mould-breaking ideas that will result in better outcomes for you. The best thing to do in order to motivate team members is to be proactive and innovative yourself. If you do this you will see how you get top team performance because the team members follow suit. This will also give you the chance to be a positive leader.
Don't forget that trust is an essential aspect you need to take into consideration. Members of the team should trust one another in order to deliver better results. This means that you will have to work very hard to build on trust. There are lots of things you can do to increase trust levels like giving every member the same treat, praising good team work and making members understand that if they work together they can actually get a lot more of the experience.
People generally enjoy sharing thoughts and outcomes on different things. The only problem is that they tend to avoid listening to others. You need to ensure that listening amongst team members is the number one priority. Effective communication can really make the difference in terms of results and performance.
These simple hints will certainly allow you to enhance top team performance and will provide lots of positive results.


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STEVEN HILLMAN Ripoff Reports, Complaints, Reviews, Scams, Lawsuits and Frauds Reported
For more results perform a general search for "Steven Hillman"
As the leading consumer advocacy website, our technology is being continually upgraded to handle the volume of searches from consumers, the media, the authorities and millions of others from around the world. While we are always in the process of upgrading, our search results may not return all reports. This is only temporary and intermittent. If you are an attorney helping victims, the media, or law-enforcement, please contact us to have us run a complete database search to help your case or story.
|Specific Search
|General Search
|Title City, State
1, Report #1081762
Sep 04 2013
|Steven Hillman He promised me 3 night stay at any disney hotel for $ 50.00 dollards a night. he also told me he could get 4 day park hopper with meal plans for 125.00 a person. he is a lying and will take your money. Kissimmee Florida Author: brooklyn, New York Amusement & Theme Parks: Steven Hillman Kissimmee, , Florida
2, Report #1078785
Aug 24 2013
|Steven Hillman Shawn Meyer Disney World resort and ticket offer Internet Florida Author: Statesville, North Carolina Resorts: Steven Hillman Internet, Select State/Province
3, Report #1077369
Aug 20 2013
|Steven Hillman Shawn Meyer Disney World and Orlando Ticket Fraud Kissimmee Florida Author: Barnegat, New Jersey Ticket Sales: Steven Hillman Kissimmee, Florida
Approximately 3 Reports Found
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let gma go
of course i want to see gma paying for her crimes, but i want her hale and hearty and up to the ordeal when she faces the sandiganbayan, not weak and ailing, braced and harnessed, which would remind of a thin and pale ninoy aquino being forced to attend military court hearings during his hunger strike. i don't know that that would help the case against her any, might even turn her into a martyr, how smart is that.
so maybe she won't come back right away, but she will eventually (they all do), maybe to a friendly new admin in 2016. meanwhile, it's up to the aquino admin to build a case that will stand, when the time comes.
10 Responses to let gma go
November 8, 2011 at 7:04 pm
exactly my thoughts on this. thanks.
November 8, 2011 at 9:12 pm
lalo na't matindi bumanat ang mga dating cohorts ni gma, some of whom are writing columns for mainstream media. if gma's health takes a turn for the worse, they would be unforgiving. the fallout could get serious.
November 9, 2011 at 12:21 am
pics that have the power to move…
November 9, 2011 at 9:57 am
"There is no believing a liar, even when he (or she) speaks the truth. "
November 9, 2011 at 11:48 am
"meanwhile, it's up to the aquino admin to build a case that will stand, when the time comes."-angela
when the time comes, :), after the cases prescribed already. too good to be true for the GMA fans.
November 9, 2011 at 1:30 pm
hi EQ, Bert :) i know i know, sana i'm proven wrong
November 9, 2011 at 2:01 pm
Lets not prejudge her predicament, although GMA has been scholarly consistent as Queen of Liars, even sagad to the bone. Except perhaps,one will never dismiss as life saving the medical advises of doctors, to evade criminal liability.
November 11, 2011 at 12:34 am
Lock her up!!!
November 12, 2011 at 10:12 pm
Tama ka jan, Mother. Apir! Build-a-case muna si Noyps, pagamot ang Lola, then let's rock.
November 12, 2011 at 10:15 pm


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Forget Virtual Reality, Aurora taps lucid dreaming
Earlier this year, a crowd-funded device by the name of Aurora was made a reality. Funded several times over what its creators at iWinks requested, the company ended their campaign this January. Aurora is a device which allows its user to achieve lucid dreams - natural virtual reality, if you please.


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Title: Punjab Night Vision
Label: 23 seconds netlabel
Cat: [sec.044]
Genre: avant-garde / experimental / pop
Country: sweden
License: creative commons Licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0
We are very proud to present the new album from the legendary band IXTLAN, from Getinge, Sweden.Ixtlan have been with us from the very beginning and are one of the cornerstones in the 23 seconds collective. Their impact and influence on us can never be underestimated.
The new album Punjab Night Vision is, as usual, a classy journey through all genres of cool music. funk, electropop, industrial, blues, trance, krautrock, hip-hop, ambient, etc. etc...Always with a mind-bent psychedelic twist and a blink with the eye. And with the classic line-up BO GREEN/KENT HOLM still intact.
After four brilliant albums and one DVD in their back-catalougue they now release their strongest release so far. An absolute masterpiece. To say the least. Enjoy!
Part 1
01. Pahaar adhyaapak


text:
Gavin is a Warlock sent back from the future to prevent a vaccine from being made. According to him, the vaccine will eliminate all warlocks.When one of his targets, Tanya Parker is rescued by Phoebe, he goes to Prue in order to find Tanya. Phoebe and Piper figure out who he is while Prue finds out on her own using a truth spell. He tries to kill Prue after he told her everything. However, Piper makes it to them in time to freeze him. Eventually, Prue and Piper impale his in his third eye, destroying him. After he dies, he is sent back to the future. PowersEditGavin has the power to shoot a deadly beam from his third eye which drained the lifeforce from its target.
| Some or all of the information and/or categories on this page may have come from another site such as the Villains Wikia or TVTropes.org. This may include previous edits that are different than the current version. Changes to this page to provide original content are welcomed and encouraged, but this notice must remain on the page at all times.
To visit this page on the Villains Wikia, click here.


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The Westview Village business center in Frederick occupies a prominent location that's highly visible from nearby MD Route 85 (Buckeystown Pike). Set in a vibrant business community not far from I-270, the business center is located on the second floor above street-level retail and looks out over an attractive landscaped area and plenty of parking. The two-story building is brick-clad and includes some corner offices that allow natural light to flood in. Frederick is a hub for advanced technology companies and home to global corporations specializing in engineering, biosciences, life sciences, IT and pharmaceuticals. It also boasts thriving agriculture and manufacturing sectors. Businesses come here for the strategic location, transport network, highly skilled workforce and strong entrepreneurial and business support that helps companies grow and develop. The county offers ready access to major shipping routes and airports, and highways to markets in New York, Philadelphia and Washington DC.
Everything you need to make meetings run smoothly.
Reception team
There to greet you and your guests on arrival
Free WiFi
Secure, business-grade WiFi
Presentation tools
Flipchart, whiteboard, markers and projector if needed
Admin services
Access to support for document printing and copying
Make arrangements for tea, coffee and catering if needed
To find out more about Westview Village speak to our team on 1-855-400-3575
There are three simple steps.
Register on our site or via our app to create your free Pay-as-you-go Regus account
Find an ideal place to meet – add everything you need from lunch to videoconferencing and send instant invitations
Input your credit card details, book your space with just a few clicks, and show up!
Whatever your business, whatever your budget we'll help find the right workspace.
Whatever your business, whatever your budget we'll help find the right workspace.


text:
Article Sources
NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used. To access online sources, copy and paste the URL into your browser.
Sources Used in Current Review
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Press release: FDA recommends health care professionals discontinue prescribing and dispensing prescription combination drug products with more than 325 mg of acetaminophen to protect consumers. Available online at http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm381644.htm through http://www.fda.gov. Released January 14, 2014. Accessed Aug 4, 2014.
MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. Acetaminophen. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681004.html#brand-names through http://www.nlm.nih.gov. Last reviewed January 1, 2014. Accessed August 3, 2014.
Mayo Clinic. Acetaminophen and children: Why dose matters. Available at http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721 through http://www.mayoclinic.org. Last updated April 13, 2014. Accessed August 4, 2014.
Susan E Farrell and Germaine L Defendi. Acetaminophen Toxicity Workup. Medscape. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/820200-workup through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Updated June 24, 2014. Accessed August 4, 2014.
Beauchamp G, et.al. Performance of a Multi-disciplinary Emergency Department Observation Protocol for Acetaminophen Overdose. J Med Toxicol. Sep 2013; 9(3): 235–241. Available online at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3771000/ through http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed September 2014.
(May 7, 2013) Patolia S. Acetaminophen Level. Medscape. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2089664-overview#aw2aab6b2 through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed September 2014.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Acetaminophen overdose. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002598.htm. Accessed August 2010.
MedlinePlus Drug Information. Acetaminopen. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681004.html. Accessed August 2010.
MayoClinic.com. Acetaminophen. Available online at http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR601885 through http://www.mayoclinic.com. Accessed August 2010.
ARUP Lab Tests. Acetaminophen. Available online at http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0090001.jsp through http://www.aruplab.com. Accessed August 2010.
Dart, R. et. al. (© 2006). Acetaminophen Poisoning: an Evidence-Based Consensus. Guideline for Out-of-Hospital Management. Clinical Toxicology 44:1-18, 2006 [On-line information]. PDF available for download at http://www.aapcc.org/archive/FinalizedPMGdlns/APAP%20-%20final%20guideline%209.9.05.pdf through http://www.aapcc.org.
Wu, A. (© 2006). Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 4th Edition: Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, MO. Pp 1238-1239.
Clarke, W. and Dufour, D. R., Editors (© 2006). Contemporary Practice in Clinical Chemistry: AACC Press, Washington, DC. Pp 470-471.
Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE, eds. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2006, Pp 1807, 1304-1305.
Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. McPherson R, Pincus M, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier: 2007, P. 316.
Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL eds, (2005) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, McGraw Hill, P. 1840-1841.
Wu, A. and McKay, C., Editors (© 2003). Recommendations For The Use Of Laboratory Tests To Support Poisoned Patients Who Present To The Emergency Department. The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines, SECTION IV. Recommendations on Laboratory Assays for Other Toxicants as Causes of Poisonings: A. "Universal" acetaminophen and salicylate screening [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.aacc.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/NACB/LMPG/toxicology/emergency_lmpg.pdf#page=28 through http://www.aacc.org. Accessed August 2010.
Pagana, K. D. & Pagana, T. J. (© 2007). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 8th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp 361-364, 684-685.
(Sept 23 2009) Farrell S. Toxicity, Acetaminophen: Treatment and Medication. Medscape article. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/820200-treatment through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed August 2010.


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This Is Why 'SNL' Asked Melissa McCarthy Back
We were ecstatic to hear that the NBC sketch show invited the star back to host on April 6, since her last spin was, well, pretty unforgettable.
We were ecstatic to hear that the NBC sketch show invited the star back to host on April 6, since her last spin was, well, pretty unforgettable.
You didn't watch last time? Lucky you! CB! has picked our five favorite sketches from the appearance. Watch them below.
Her monologue. Melissa started off the night as host on SNL with an opening monologue that included a dance routine featuring Bridesmaids costar Kristin Wiig.
The Lawrence Welk Show. Wiig returns as part of the sassy sister singing group we've seen before. However, this time McCarthy joins as her equally awkward and hilarious sister.
Complaints. McCarthy joins SNL favorite Andy Samberg as the two discuss their love making skills.
Lulu Diamonds. Melissa risked life and limb for laughs as 30s bombshell "Lulu Diamonds." "Why don't you come up stairs and see me up there sometimes?"
Arlene. Melissa brought in the laughs as Arlene, an office worker who expresses her love for her coworker in some unconventional ways.
Taste Test. Melissa stole the show as Linda, the overzealous member of a focus group, testing the newest flavors of Hidden Valley Ranch salad dressing.
In other news, overachiever Justin Timberlake is set to return as host and musical guest on Saturday's SNL at 11:30PM on NBC.
What was your favorite sketch from Melissa's last SNL performance?
No changes are to be made to this player


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In south San Jose, this striking Class A location is workspace settled in a dynamic community of commercial offices just 20 minutes outside of downtown. The lush green landscaping and tree-lined streets around the center make this site a relaxing environment to focus on work. Home to a diverse group of businesses ranging from IT to insurance, you'll have the opportunity to build relationships and expand your network.
Connect over coffee at Starbucks one block away. Grab lunch at popular fast food chains and restaurants like Carl's Jr and Sweet Tomatoes just minutes away along Bernal Rd. With easy access to Highways 85 and 101, you'll have fast links to resources and amenities throughout the city.
Everything you need to make meetings run smoothly.
Reception team
There to greet you and your guests on arrival
Free WiFi
Secure, business-grade WiFi
Presentation tools
Flipchart, whiteboard, markers and projector if needed
Admin services
Access to support for document printing and copying
Make arrangements for tea, coffee and catering if needed
To find out more about South San Jose speak to our team on 1-855-400-3575
There are three simple steps.
Register on our site or via our app to create your free Pay-as-you-go Regus account
Find an ideal place to meet – add everything you need from lunch to videoconferencing and send instant invitations
Input your credit card details, book your space with just a few clicks, and show up!
Whatever your business, whatever your budget we'll help find the right workspace.
Whatever your business, whatever your budget we'll help find the right workspace.