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An Iaas Based Interactive Video Platform for E-Learning and Remote. services.
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1 An Iaas Based Interactive Video Platform for E-Learning and Remote Services Hsiao-Tien Pao 1 Hsin-Chia Fu 2 Yi-Jui Lee 3 1 Department of Management Science, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC 2 College of Engineering, Huaqiao University QuanZhou , Fujian, China 3 Department of Computer and Engineering Science, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC Received 17 May 2013; Revised 21 July 2013; Accepted 25 July 2013 Abstract. Interactive Video Platform intends to help people communicate with each other through Internet multimedia. Over the platform, users around the world may be linked together to interactively help each other solving their problems. In general, when a research based web prototype was opened to general public, it may often be paralyzed by too many users logged in. Thus, this paper proposes a generic implementation method: first converting the existing web hardware architecture to an IaaS cloud, then porting the application software to the IaaS cloud. Cloud computing architecture has better scalability, higher availability and lower cost-effectiveness. Therefore, when a cloud computing based interactive video platform has been completed, the system usually can provide flexible and reliable services to general public. In addition, since the proposed IaaS cloud approach is not limited or associated to any particular application or architecture, thus the proposed implementation method can be widely applied to convert most of research prototypes into real world application systems. Keywords: Cloud computing, Infrastructure as a service, IaaS, Web site architecture 1 Introduction Recently, multimedia and Internet technologies have remarkable progress, such as excellent picture quality and faster transmission speed as well as wider bandwidth. Thus, face to face meeting, classroom teaching, and onsite services can all be replaced by real-time video interaction through Internet, without participants getting together at one place. Conforming to this trend, we proposed to integrate video streaming and Internet multimedia communication technologies, to develop a system called Interactive Video Platform for E-learning and Remote services [1], so that users at the platform can proceed various interactive activities. By sharing video streaming, images, and text documents on focused objects or areas, participants at distance away may all get-together at a platform with face to face like interaction to help each other. When an interactive video platform (IVP) enters public practical stage, it can immediately shorten the distance between people at remote area and people in metropolitan area, so that the life, education and business level of remote areas can be effectively improved. Like many Internet and/or WWW research, when a research prototype was opened to general public, it is often difficult to afford the heavy load brought by massive users. This paper proposes a methodology to lift the load capacity of a web platform, by finding a universal common solution model, so that most of web platform will be able to provide the majority of Internet user ready-to-use, highperformance services. According to the NIST Definition of Cloud computing [2], cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Thus, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides the consumer to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems,
2 Pao et al.: An Iaas Based Interactive Video Platform for E-Learning and Remote Services storage, and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). This research has two objectives: (1) using existing computer hardware to construct an IaaS cloud [3, 4], then converting and/or porting the core software of the IVP prototype [1] to the IaaS cloud, such that the IaaS based IVP (IIVP) can provide 24 hours a day and 7 days a week service, also can effectively sustain the heavy workloads brought by the massive general public users; (2) propose a universal generic method and procedures for research people to convert their prototype into a real world applications. The proposed methods, procedures and implementation will focus on the following three themes: 1. Scalability: When system load rises, the maximum service capacity of the platform can be improved by means of horizontal scaling. 2. Availability: When high-availability design applies, reliability of each component, single point failure, and system maintenance time can be greatly reduced. 3. Cost-effectiveness: When reducing construction and maintenance manpower expenditure, the service performance of a system with limited resources can be greatly enhanced. In the followings, Section 2 briefly introduces the basic concepts of the prototype Interactive Video Platform (IVP) for E-learning and Remote services, and some existing IaaS cloud [3, 4] based WWW systems. Section 3 describes how to convert the IVP prototype hardware into an IaaS cloud, and how to port IVP software to the created virtual machines in an IaaS. Section 4 presents the experiments and the performance evaluation of the IIVP prototype. From the experimental results, improvements and corrections on the proposed IIVP system can be verified and further improvements can be conducted from that on. Finally, Section 5 presents summary and a few words of future works. 2 Research Review of The Related Research This section first presents the basic concepts of some popular WWW systems, and a brief description of advantages and disadvantages of the existing Interactive Video Platform. Then, concepts of how to use IaaS architecture to build a better Interactive video platform is introduced. 2.1 Large WWW Architecture Evolution Instances The architecture evolution of LiveJournal LiveJournal [5] was founded in 1999 by Brad Fitzpatrick. Earliest version of LiveJournal was built on one server, and soon after the number of users exceeds the upper limits of a single server, such as the CPU utilization overload becomes a bottleneck of the Web server. Then, two more servers were added to the system, thus a total of two Web servers and one database server were installed at the LiveJournal Web platform. As the user continues to increase, the problem of insufficient single database I/O capability began to appear. Then, the single database server structure was modified into multiple database server architecture. By using master-slave configuration, a temporary and quick solution was achieved to conquer the I/O capacity problem often encountered at the single database server environment. In short, based on the scalable design, additional computing load for the web and database servers due to increasingly new users, can be handled by installing more powerful servers. The architecture design of Flickr Flickr [6] is a web platform for photo storage, and online community social sharing. Fig. 2.1 depicts the architecture diagram of the Flickr site [7]. As shown in Fig. 2.1, a pair of load balance severs for the purpose of high-availability design is located at the forefront of the Flickr, and subsequently followed by Squid catches, as reverse proxy servers, and PHP App servers for the storage and execution of Flickr WWW codes. The Squid catches are responsible for static pages and image cache in order to reduce the burden of the actual pictures storage at the NAS devices and file systems. PHP App Servers are responsible for managing dynamically generated Web pages. 2.2 Interactive Video Platform 21
3 Journal of Computers Vol.24, No.2, July 2013 As shown in Fig. 2.2, the interactive video platform (IVP) uses the Client-Server architecture to achieve its structure functionality needs. A user at client-side may set up available video devices first, and then uses a browser to connect the IVP for audio and video communicate with other users at the platform. The server clusters at the platform process the video contents from sending users and dispatch the video contents to designated users. The platform contains three types of different function server clusters: Web Server (WBS), Media Server (MDS), and Message Server (MGS). Fig Architecture of Flickr. When there are more and more users at an IVP, its workload will eventually transcend the service capability of a single server. Thus, the server will not be able to deal with the instant needs of users, and cause the users to wait for a long time or unable to get connected to the platform. Eventually, the IVP's service quality is greatly reduced. Therefore, how to establish a platform for scalability to meet the ever-increasing load, becomes a serious issue for the high performance architecture design of a platform. The major components of IVP are summarized as follows. Web Server (WBS) Design: Web server provides client side users a browser to connect other users for various types of server functions available at an IVP. A user, whether or not to be an expert, must be a registered user to use a browser to connect the IVP. In addition to general personal information, e.g., user name, address, nickname, and phone numbers, registration at IVP also includes personal interests, skills and expertise level. According to the skills and the expertise level of a login user, WBS connects associated experts for the online users to conduct various interactive activities, such as e-learning, remote services, or social discussion. Media Server (MDS) Design: Media server provides users of various video associated functions available at IVP, such as publishing, co-editing, storing, and reusing of video clips. Adopting Client-Server architecture for the design of IVP is mainly for the convenience of server-side, to centralize editing and managing of audio and video contents and database, and to reduce workload and hardware requirements at the client-side. Message server (MGS) Design: Among various interactive processes at the IVP, prompt and clear message communication between users is the major activities of a MGS. If there is only video sharing or interaction among participants, there may be semantic ambiguity or emphasis vague situation between users. Therefore, additional interactive text message communication is added and provided by MGS. The benefits of interactive text message communication are at least three fold: be able to achieve careful expressions of semantics, be able to repeatedly viewing and reading messages, and be able to provide multinational language translation. A MGS provides interactive communication service by linking associated users and experts in a discussion chamber, 22
4 Pao et al.: An Iaas Based Interactive Video Platform for E-Learning and Remote Services and manipulation and management of each discussion chamber like mechanism. The aforementioned streaming video transfer is also controlled by the associated mechanism of a discussion chamber. Fig The architecture diagram of the proposed interactive video platform (IVP). Architecture Evolution Remarks As the previous description on the structure evolution of LiveJournal and the web architecture design concepts of Flickr, it is clear to see that in order to achieve the expected design goal of IIVP, designers need to address the problems at the level of web architecture, and also to consider issues at the scope of infrastructure: 1. Insufficient of available hardware machines: In order to ensure an IVP running at normal to hardship situation, the new architecture needs to be operated and tested with extendable scalability and high availability. In this situation, more than enough hardware computing machines are needed to maintain a flexible running capability. 2. Difficult to predict future demand: From the LiveJournal development and evolution history, the expansion of a web architecture is an ongoing process, since the actual load or bottleneck of a web site may be varied at different time, and/or different user conditions. Cal Henderson, Flickr chief architect, wrote in his book [8]: The bottleneck is difficult to be found by solely using the benchmark or testing programs, and in fact it is usually found in actual operational data collection and is detected by through and deep analysis. 3. Increase of the maintenance costs: Since the high availability design for various applications, and the scalable design for concurrent multiple servers, will drastically increase the required maintenance manpower and expenses. Or, the system may not be in normal working conditions or performing at the original design capacity, due to lack of adequate maintenance support. Thus, an effective improvement method for a web site needs to consider both the architecture of the site itself and also its related infrastructure. 2.3 Infrastructure as a Service According to the conclusions of the previous section, it is clear to see that in order to improve the performance of IVP, there are three main issues to face during the architecture design of the infrastructure construction. They are: (1) Insufficient of available hardware machines, (2) Difficult to predict future demand, (3) Increase of the maintenance costs. The design goal of a cloud computing infrastructure as a service (IaaS), is for on demand services by unlimited virtual machines, storage space, and efficient monitoring and management systems. 23
5 Journal of Computers Vol.24, No.2, July 2013 Based on the on-demand service, developers may always acquire just enough computing equipment, and then through just in-time self-management interface for more or less computing resources when needed. IaaS for WWW applications Porting an existing WWW application to an IaaS cloud has the following benefits: (1) Problems of lack enough physical machines can be solved by renting more virtual machines. (2) The difficult of predicting future demand can be alleviated by dynamically adjusting the number or the type of virtual machines. (3) Since an IaaS usually provides some management and maintenance services to low level physical machines, web designers may focus on scalable new development work. In other words, an IaaS based system designer only needs to focus on the improvement of scalability, availability, and cost-effectiveness of the web site itself. However, most of commercial available IaaS are not suitable to host an application driven web site. For example, Amazon Web Services (AWS) is an IaaS provided by Amazon, which includes Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3), Amazon Cloud Watch, and Amazon Simple DB, etc. Through WWW interface, a user can lease demand services, such as EC2 for flexible virtual machine lease, and S3 for user file online storage services. According to news report, S3 has been continuously crashed for 8 hours in 2008, and AWS was crashed three days in Thus, all the migrated applications on the S3 and/or AWS were all failed and may be completely destroyed. In fact, S3 and AWS experts usually do not have enough understanding on the installed application software, and vice versa the application software developers. Thus, when the IaaS system were recovered from crash, it is unknown and uncontrollable when an IaaS based application system can be completely restored back to work. In view of this, we suggest that any web application developer needs to have better understanding of cloud computing architecture and infrastructure software, so as to build a cloud computing IaaS from most available and suitable computer hardware, e.g., desktop PCs and open source cloud computing software. In other words, based on the IaaS model, one can first convert available computing hardware into a small private IaaS cloud, and then design and implement a new IVP architecture, based on virtual machines available from the completed IaaS Cloud. At this point, the number of servers needed by the IVP is not limited to the available physical machines. Thus, the scalability problem mentioned earlier can be alleviated. Also, as long as the needed virtual machines can be migrated and created among various physical machines, then there is no need to estimate the accurate number of servers and to massively change the entire platform architecture, when additional physical severs are installed for the implementation of various new applications. By using the information collected from a cloud monitoring system and virtual machines, the aforementioned difficult to predict future infrastructure demand becomes less critical issues. On the third problem, usually the damaged physical machine needs to be replaced or maintained by users. However, since the servers are running on virtual machines, damaged servers may be recovered or regenerated by installing the corresponding software image files. Also, the clouds built-in monitoring system can effectively prompt the virtual machine running status, thus manpower cost for server maintenance can be greatly saved. Therefore, by going through a complete integration process, i.e., from basic components to a full functional IVP, student designers in this program will not only learn general cloud computing parallel software coding, but also achieve much better concept understanding and hands-on experiences on building a cloud computing infrastructure. As the previous analysis, we will conduct our approach in two aspects: cloud computing infrastructure and interactive video platform architecture. On the cloud infrastructure side, the existing or available hardware will be converted to an IaaS cloud, so that any current or future site architecture improvement or change will not be limited by the total number of available physical machines, at the same time the web management and maintenance burden can be greatly reduced. On the web site structure improvement aspect, we will reference from the experience of today s large-scale web sites in this area to achieve a scalability, availability, and costeffectiveness interactive video service platform. 3 IaaS Based IVP Design This section presents a small sized IaaS architecture, and the design issues of an IaaS based interactive video platform (IIVP). The small sized IaaS is built based on basic cloud computing hardware and software components, then the architecture of data storage and communication networks for IaaS is presented. The presented design issues of IIVP mainly include how to use an IaaS to simplify the hardware architecture and to improve 24
6 Pao et al.: An Iaas Based Interactive Video Platform for E-Learning and Remote Services the performance of the original IVP. More detail design descriptions of IaaS and IIVP architectures are referred to [9]. 3.1 IaaS Architecture This section introduces the IaaS architecture which includes the design of IaaS storage (cf. Section 3.1.1) and IaaS network (cf. Section 3.1.2). Basically, an IaaS cloud [3, 4] needs physical hardware like PCs or servers, and operational software like the hypervisor to operate virtual machines. However, setting network structure and event management among virtual machines all needs human labor work. Thus, it usually requires management software, e.g., Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM), to deal with the generation and maintenance of virtual machines, the virtual URL setting, the installation and the management of the image files for virtual machines. Therefore, the user s working level are moved from physical nodes up to logical units, the cloud. Fig. 3.1 depicts an IaaS cloud architecture, which contains 5 physical nodes, e.g., nebula-master, and nebulaslave 0~3. Table 3.1 shows the hardware configuration of the five nodes in the IaaS cloud. The storage device in each node contains two 1TB hard disk with RAID 1 setup to allow the node with better fault tolerant capability. On the software configuration, Red Hat CentOS 6.2 x86_64 [10], Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) [11], and OpenNebula [12] are selected for the IIVP. Red Hat selects Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) as their main virtualization solution, therefore KVM is selected as the hypervisor for the proposed IIVP. OpenNebula provides very large autonomy to designers, such that an IaaS designer has great flexibility to plan and to design their own cloud to cooperate with a VIM. Fig IaaS cloud architecture. Table 3.1. The hardware configuration of the IIVP. Node name Nebula-master Nebula-slave0, Nebula-slave2 Nebula-slave1, Nebula-slave3 Processor Intel I5-750 AMD FX-8120 AMD P II-945 Mother board Memory board Hard disk device Asus P7P55D-E DDR G WD1002FAEX * 2 Asus M5A97 DDR G WD1002FAEX * 2 Asus M4A88T- M DDR G WD1002FAEX * 2 25
7 Journal of Computers Vol.24, No.2, July 2013 As the responsibilities of each node, Nebula-master is the host of the entire cloud. Nebula-master receives a command issued by a user, then passes the command through ssh to a targeted Nebula-slave. The hypervisor in the targeted Nebula-slave performs virtual machine management operations according to the received command. The following two subsections focus on how to design and to build storage and network systems in an IaaS based cloud IaaS Storage Design The storage system is responsible for the data storage of virtual machine files and software disk images. On the types of setting of a storage system, it can be roughly divided into: non-shared storage as well as shared storage. Taking into account the advantages of using live migration that brings the platform more service capacity and maintenance convenience, shared storage mode and GlusterFS [13] file system were selected to implement the storage system. On the implementation, four nodes, i.e., Nebula-slave0 ~ Nebula-slave3, contribute part of their own disk space to form a shared storage area. All files saved in the shared storage area are first duplicated by GlusterFS and then are hashed into two nodes, to avoid the data accessing problems due to single node failure IaaS Network Design According to various operational functions of the IaaS, the interconnection network may demand different types of planning and designing. Therefore, the design of network system for IIVP will be divided into internal and external networks as shown in Fig Connecting by Switch_0, Switch_1 and Switch_to_Internet, external network provides communication channels among virtual machines, physical nodes, and Internet. By using Switch_2 and Switch_3, internal network provides communication among virtual machines and IaaS cloud inner management, and data transfer among shared storage. Since IVP and some similar research projects often have infrastructure problems to implement real world applications, this section reports how to design and implement an OpenNebula based IaaS cloud to tackle inadequate infrastructure problems. Having finished IaaS cloud based infrastructure design and implementation, the follow-up web architecture development, deployment and operation may use virtual machines to replace physical servers, to avoid the limitations of the available physical components, to achieve online migration functions through shared storage and high availability network design, to allow more resource allocation flexibility, and to enhance physical machines with better resistance to failure. 3.2 IIVP architecture This section describes how to design the architecture of an IaaS based interactive video platform. First, a general description of the IIVP is presented, then followed by the description of major components in IIVP, including their principle functions and ways to improve their performance. The proposed architecture of an IaaS based IVP (IIVP) is shown in Fig As shown in Fig. 3.2, there are total of six categories of server clusters in IIVP, which are load balancer, shared storage cluster, web cluster, message cluster, media cluster, and database cluster. When a user logins at an IIVP, the load balancer will first assign the user to a Web server, then the Web server will perform the followings according to users needs: (1) access data to and from shared storage, (2) connect to a media server for the exchange of audio and video with other on-line users, (3) transfer user handdrawn sketch and/or text messages to and from all the associated users in a discussion chamber (cf. Section 2.2). The following subsections describe the organization and functions of each clusters Load balancer Briefly speaking, when a web architecture went through scalability modification, one of visible difference is originally a single server s responsibilities will be diverted to multiple servers, i.e., a server cluster. How to properly and evenly distribute login users to web servers will be the major responsibility of a load balancer. A load balancer may be implemented by either hardware or software. However, considering easy to update and/or cost performance, it is generally prefer to software load balancer. The HAProxy and Linux Virtual Server (LVS) are two most popular software load balancer projects. In addition to Virtual Server via NAT mode as HAProxy, LVS also has two unique operation modes, the Virtual Server via Direct Routing and Virtual Server via IP Tunneling. Thus, IIVP selects LVS as the load balancing solution. To confrontation the impact of load balancer 26
8 Pao et al.: An Iaas Based Interactive Video Platform for E-Learning and Remote Services failures and to avoid single load balancer failure, usually two LVS servers are installed to provide mutual support service mode. Fig The proposed architecture of IaaS based IVP (IIVP) Shared storage cluster Shared storage service allows text data, video clips and pictures can be stored and/or retrieved by any web server in an IIVP. Also, any media server in an IIVP may store or retrieve video clips in shared storage, instead of accessing video clips from the media server where the video clips were recorded. Shared storage uses GlusterFS to implement its distributed file system as the IaaS infrastructure, so that users may save troubles to learn a variety of similar software. As the matter of scalability, by increasing the number of servers in shared storage may improve their service capacity; and duplicate copies of all the stored data may allow the shared storage continues to run when partial service nodes failed Web cluster The improvement of web cluster in cloud infrastructure is to change a single physical server to multiple virtual servers, so as to provide IIVP with more power to perform information management and user guidance. The improvement not only enhances the processing speed, also the reliability and availability of the web services. Automatic generation of virtual servers makes the design for extendable availability in response to physical server failure becomes possible. When a load balancer performs health check, failed virtual or physical servers will be detected and removed, then new virtual servers will be automatically generated. Users at the lapsed servers will be re-assigned to other web server and the session will be temporarily disabled, thus users will lose part of the status quo, but will not aware of any other abnormal status Message cluster Since the software written for original message server did not provide all the functions required by IIVP, so we decided to rewrite the message server (MSG) codes for the IIVP. The functions performed by a MSG were quite similar to an Internet chat system. After further analyzing several similar chat systems, we found the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), which was approved by the Internet Engineering Task Force, contains a large number of open source codes for the interaction between server and client users, thus we decided to use these codes to implement the software for message cluster. Then, among several XMPP based servers, 27
9 Journal of Computers Vol.24, No.2, July 2013 ejabberd [14] is a widely used XMPP cluster. And, when more services are needed, ejabberd may have more computing power by assigning extra virtual or physical server nodes to effectively solve the scalability problems Media cluster The functions of a media server include: (1) On-line video stream transfer between users, and (2) off-line video playback. As video files are all stored in the shared storage cluster, so any video clip playback can be provided by a media server. However, on-line video stream transfer is not the case, video stream is first temporary stored in the media server, where the video stream was generated. Thus, if a user wants to receive a particular online streaming, then one needs to connect to a specific media server, which may led to the problems of uneven load distribution over the media servers in IIVP. Free media server software, e.g., Red5 Media Server typically does not support cluster features, thus media server uneven load issues need to be solved by IIVP designers. Many cluster software packages commonly use simple hash to achieve load balancing among servers. Simple hash codes for media interactive activities in IIVP are temporary stored in a message server. According to the activity name and time code, each IIVP media interaction will perform SHA-1 hashing to generate a hash code. According to the characteristics of the hash code, users at client side can figure out which media server to connect, and to ensure that all users of the same activity are connected to the right media server, thus to reach a balance over the media servers at the macroscopic point of views Data base cluster In general, a database is responsible for the storage and management of information in a computer system. How to strengthen data storage accessing speed, and how to fight against the single point (server) failure will be the focus point for IIVP database cluster designers. General speaking, there are three approaches to increase database access capabilities, namely: (1) cache, (2) duplicate copy, and (3) segmentation. These three issues can provide the demand for the expansion of a database. In fact, the implementation of these approaches, all require a lot of manpower to perform substantial modification at the web interface codes. Therefore, IIVP adopts MySQL Cluster approaches - using the built-in NDB engine to perform data segmentation in its own cluster, so as to achieve a transparent solution for scalability issues in the database cluster. In terms of usability, based on mirror configuration in NDB, partial nodes failure do not affect access to the entire database. This can be easily achieved by correctly setting load balancer pointing to MySQL Cluster, without substantial modification of the code. This section presents the architecture improvement of the proposed IIVP. Aiming to the improvement of availability and scalability for each system components in IVP, so that the IIVP has the ability to resist partial components failure, and the IIVP can be extended at any time according to actual demand for services. 4 System test and evaluation This section presents experimental results and the performance evaluation of the IaaS based Interactive video platform (IIVP) prototype. 4.1 IaaS Infrastructure test on network systems This section presents the iperf [15] test on the infrastructure of IaaS network subsystem, in order to verify whether or not the internal and/or external networks of IIVP do perform their data transfer functions as original planning. There are two test items: (1) test whether or not both networks are in normal operation mode, and (2) test the network switches in simulated failure operating modes, by shutting off one of the two network switches. The tested hardware and software specifications are shown in Tables 4.1 and 4.2. As shown in Table 4.3, when half of the network switches fail, the network system in IaaS infrastructure can provides partial networking functions, and the combined network cards may output times of single network card transfer bandwidth. The verification results show that the network switch design in IaaS infrastructure do play its own role. 4.2 IaaS infrastructure test on storage system 28
10 Pao et al.: An Iaas Based Interactive Video Platform for E-Learning and Remote Services For the IaaS infrastructure test on storage system, the built-in Linux dd command will be used to test the write-in performance of the shared storage. The test command measures the average write-in rates while a total of 5G byte data are used. There are three different test conditions: (1) under normal circumstances, (2) shut off two slave nodes, resulting in the loss of a complete copy from the original two copy of data in the shared storage, and (3) shut off the internal network switch, such that network transfer speed is about half of the full transfer rates. According to the specified write-in rates, it is observed that (1) whether or not the survival of GlusterFS normally operates under the condition of single copy of data, and (2) whether or not the GlusterFS performs under half network bandwidth. Table 4.1. Hardware configuration of the network systems in IaaS based infrastructure. Server or client Hardware spec Server side Client side Node name nebula-slave0 nebula-slave2 Server CPU AMD FX-8120 AMD FX-8120 Server memory Kingston DDR Kingston DDR G 16G Mother board ASUS M5A97 ASUS M5A97 External network switches Realtek 8111E D-link DGE-528T Realtek 8111E D-link DGE-528T Internal network switches Intel EXPI9301CT PRO/1000CT Intel EXPI9301CT PRO/1000CT Table 4.2. Software configuration of the network systems in IaaS infrastructure. Software categories Operating systems Test software Software name and version CentOS 6.2 X86_64 Iperf (iperf el6.x86_64.rpm) Table 4.3. Testing results from the network systems in IaaS based infrastructure. Network categories Connection status External network Internal network Normal connection 944Mbps 1.87Gbps One switch shut off 944Mbps 943Mbps Table 4.4. Testing results from the shared storage system in IaaS based infrastructure. Network condition Test conditions Normal internal network bandwidth Half internal network bandwidth All nodes normal 80.2Mbyte/sec 49.4Mbyte/sec Loss of a copy 82.5Mbyte/sec 45.4Mbyte/sec As shown in Fig. 4.4, all nodes, which are in normal condition or loss of a complete image copy, have same test results. In fact, loss of a complete single copy does not affect the work of the shared storage. Therefore, GlusterFS indeed, as claimed has the ability to continue services when partial nodes failed. As shown in Tables 4.3 and 4.4, half of the internal network failure impacts equivalent to the loss of half bandwidth, i.e., the shared storage write-in rate decreases approximately 41.7%. On the third test condition, shut off the internal network switch is equivalent to half of the internal network failure, or loss of half bandwidth. The associated testing results are listed in the right column of Table 4.4. As can be seen from the network of IaaS 29
11 Journal of Computers Vol.24, No.2, July 2013 infrastructure, the use link aggregation increase the network bandwidth and ensure major key influence to the performance of the shared storage. 4.3 Tests for scalability, availability, and cost-effectiveness. As described in Section 1, the major themes of the proposed IIVP are the scalability, availability, and cost effectiveness. The following subsections 4.3.1, 4.3.2, and 4.3.3, are presented to depict the achievements of the proposed IIVP prototype on these three themes Tests for scalability Scalability tests are performed to measure the advantages and disadvantages between IIVP and IVP, in terms of response time, video stream smoothness, HardDisk I/O rates, network loads, and user counts. As shown in Section 2.2, the IVP contains an Media server (MDS), a Web server (WSS), and an Message server (MSS), each of which are implemented by a PC based hardware and software [1]. According to the benchmark and performance evaluation of IVP server cluster [1, Section 5], the overall performance of IVP was limited by video stream through put, or the HardDisk I/O rate of the MDS. In other words, the IVP can provide 175 on-line users with 700kbps smooth video stream. The MDS server consumes about 130Mbps network capacity, and 10% of CPU computing loads. The IIVP was first implemented by creating 3 VMs from the prototype of the IaaS. Each of VM has the same hardware and software features as the IVP servers, and then implemented with Media, Web, and Message application server software. Then, extra Media and Web servers were added by using more created VMs. According to Table 3.1, IIVP has ten 16G hard drives, which may provide a total of 1260 Mbps disk I/O rates, and has 4 AMD FX-8120 and/or AMD P II-945 grade CPUs. It is clear to see that, these 4 slave servers in IaaS should have much more computing power than needed computing capacity for the following various benchmark tests. Table 4.5 shows IIVP system testing performance and evaluation results, which includes video stream smoothness, response time, Disk I/O rates, network loads and total number of on-line users Tests for availability The availability test intends to observe how a normal operating server responses to a suddenly shutdown (forced failure), and to check whether or not the responses in accordance with the expected performance. As shown in Table 4.6, the shutdown nodes for usability tests include: (1) load balancer, (2) web server, (3) message server, (4) media server, and (5) database server, etc. According to the test results in Table 4.6, the failed components in IIVP response in consistent with prediction, and the improvement in terms of availability are more than expectation. Table 4.5. System testing performance and evaluation results of the proposed IIVP prototype #user s #MD S #WB S #MS S Response time Video smooth Disk I/O rates Network loads >250ms OK 122.5Mbps 130Mbps >2sec. OK 735Mbps 780Mbps <1sec. OK 735Mbps 780Mbps <1sec. OK 1.22Gbps 1.3Gbps >2sec. OK 1.83Gbps >1.5sec. OK 1.83Gbps <1sec. OK 1.83Gbps 1.95Gbp s 1.95Gbp s 1.95Gbp s 30
12 Pao et al.: An Iaas Based Interactive Video Platform for E-Learning and Remote Services Category of failed nodes Table 4.6. Results of IIVP tests for availability. Category of predicted error Test Results Load balancer No failure should be shown OK Web server Message server Media server Database server When switch pages prompted relogin, then everything backs to normal Prompt disconnection, then return to normal after re-login The video screen shows interruption, and there is possibility of replay failure Some probabilistic errors, then return to normal operation OK OK OK OK Remarks on cost effectiveness As shown in Table 4.5, the overall IaaS system performance is still limited by the real hardware components. However, under the hardware performance limits, an IaaS can be flexibly adjusted by creating various number of different functional virtual machines (VMs). Therefore, the performance and efficiency of the application system can be greatly enhanced. As stated in Section 4.3.1, when there are more on-line users, more virtual machines and application servers can be created and implemented to host more application loads. Conversely, when less users are on-line, merging application servers and shut down unused VMs can save utility energy consumption. Furthermore, as described in Section 4.1 and Table 4.1, slave processors in IaaS can be flexibly added to implement more application servers for more computing power and storage capacity. In addition, as described in Section 3.2.2, shared storage cluster is implemented to duplicate copies of all the stored data to allow the shared storage, and/or backup servers continue to run when partial service nodes failed. 5 Conclusions and Future works This paper presents IaaS cloud design concepts and virtual machine technologies, so that most of laboratory existing or available hardware can be converted into an IAAS private cloud [16, 17]. In an IaaS, more virtual machines can be created than the total number of physical machines, at any time the computing resources of virtual machines can be dynamically re-allocated, and the infrastructure administrative burden for various software and hardware can be effectively reduced. In this study, an IVP prototype has been successfully put into practical stage, providing the general public an interactive service platform. It is especially convenient for people in remote areas to receive assistance from people at metropolitan areas, by narrowing the cyber distance among them, so as to effectively reduce culture, education, and daily life gaps between urban and rural areas. The proposed methodology can be applied to all the similar research programs or projects. Learning from the experiences of this study, researcher may have significantly lesser difficulties and problems while transferring research results into practical applications. Thereby, research results are no longer subject to limited resources, to be ended at laboratory experiments and/or demonstration. In addition, the general public can all enjoy the benefit brought from these research results. The current IIVP only provides services in the form of private cloud [16, 17]. Later, if the IaaS private cloud could combine multiple public clouds by establishing efficient and effective management and migration methodologies, then the combined clouds could generate huge computing power to provide great service performance for people around the world. References [1] H.-C. Fu, Y.-Y. Xu, H.-T. Pao, J. Wang, "Interactive Video Platform for E-learning and Remote Services," International Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp ,
13 Journal of Computers Vol.24, No.2, July 2013 [2] P. Mell, T. Grance, "The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing," [3] M. D. De Assunção, A. Di Costanzo, R. Buyya, "Evaluating the Cost-Benefit of Using Cloud Computing to Extend the Capacity of Clusters," in Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, pp , [4] S. Ostermann, A. Iosup, N. Yigitbasi, R. Prodan, T. Fahringer, D. Epema, "A Performance Analysis of EC2 Cloud Computing Services for Scientific Computing," In Proceedings of Cloud Computing 2009, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, Vol. 34, pp , [5] LiveJournal, [6] Flickr, [7] C. Henderson, "Scalable Web Architectures: Common Patterns and Approaches," Web 2.0 Expo, 15th 18th April [8] C. Henderson, "Building Scalable Web Sites: Building, Scaling, and Optimizing the Next Generation of Web Applications," O Reilly, U.S.A., [9] Y.-J. Lee, Architecture Design And Implementation of a Video Based Remote Service Platform in Cloud Environment, Master thesis, Department of Computer and Engineering Science, National Chiao-Tung University, July [10] CentOS: The Community ENTerprise Operating System, x86_64/. [11] Kernel-based Virtual Machine, [12] About the OpenNebula.org Project, [13] Getting Started and QuickStart Guides, [14] Ejabberd, [15] iperf, [16] K. Salah, M. Al-Saba, M. Akhdhor, O. Shaaban, M.I. Buhari, "Performance Evaluation of Popular Cloud Iaas Providers," in Proceedings of International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST), 2011, pp , [17] S. Bhardwaj, L. Jain, S. Jain, "Cloud Computing: A Study of Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS)," International Journal of Engineering and Information Technology, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp ,
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Discussion in 'XenForo Pre-Sales Questions' started by KURTZ, Jul 29, 2010.
news, something?
is there an captcha or similar implemented? maybe askimet?
I was wondering about this to because when i signed up their wasn't one
exactly ...
Did you not see the re-Captcha when you registered?
I had to enter reCaptcha when registering
I didn't but then I signed up via FB integration...
me too
I wonder how many spam bots have Facebook profiles.
I'm curious about this aspect too. ReCAPTCHA isn't enough any more.
Nvm. It was just so easy i didn't really think of it as that :|.
ReCAPTCHA & Question-Answer system are must haves! At least one of them should be made available for all types of registrations.
All "Captchas" are not enough today. But what do you want to do? In some countries, people get money for write spam in blogs, boards and so on.
I do not know about a god spam detector and to build some one, is not easy.
For spam bots are exists some nice "tricks", like: rename field names from "email" to a hash-strings, but for blind person, you must use a label-tag and a good spam-bot can understand this.
+1 for the Q&A system ...
Only bots don't need breaks ever.
Q&A apparently works well for many. Akismet works well, as does IPB's system for what I know.... reCaptcha not so much in my experience.
XenForo shouldn't worry about an anti spam system. It's someone elses job. XenForo should only provide support to third party anti spam solutions. IMHO.
Do you see any bots on this site so far? They're probably trying to figure out where the register button *is* - only humans will think to click the pulldown register form.
I do not think you can have it for Facebook / twitter logins.
There is a fantastic and quite unique spammer management system in the ACP (although I agree emphasis should be placed on prevention).
I think that the guys behind the software will not forget about the bane of the internet spammers.
Q&A would do good.
Separate names with a comma.

subset: commoncrawl


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Red Velvet Cake Using Wasc Recipe
Baking By ljdills Updated 10 Oct 2008 , 7:32am by plbennett_8
I have a full sheet cake due this weekend and I was wondering if anyone could share with me any tips they have on using a red velvet mix and the WASC recipe. Do I need to make any changes? What flavorings do I need to add? Please help !
I just did one a week ago. I used the DH Red Velvet mix, I added a small box of instant chocolate pudding and I used buttermilk instead of water.
I use a german chocolate cake mix, whole eggs, buttermilk for half of the water, real vanilla, 4 Tbls. of coco powder, and 2-3 oz of red food color...
Good luck!
Quote by @%username% on %date%


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Amplify is a hands-on startup accelerator in Los Angeles, California. We amplify startups by providing seed funding, access to additional capital, and an unmatched team of mentors and advisors. Every company accepted will receive $50K-$200k in seed funding and free workspace at our Venice Beach campus.
To apply, simply submit your deck at: http://amplify.la/apply
At Amplify, our vision is clear — help passionate technology entrepreneurs grow their startups into strong, scalable, and successful companies. Our flexible curriculum is built around each founder — no mandatory schedule or recycled calendar of activities. We give you the freedom to continue doing what you do best, while we take care of the rest; we provide $50k - $200k in seed funding, access to additional capital from the right investors for your company, free workspace at our Venice campus and extensive hands-on mentorship. Our portfolio companies also benefit from a variety of free or highly discounted services including hosting, legal, banking and more. We are very hands on. We get very active. We want to see our companies succeed.
**In addition to your application, we encourage all applicants to find a mutual connection to refer you to the program. Because of the high volume of applications we receive, we can't respond to each one individually. However, we carefully review each application and will reach out if you are a fit for the program.


text:
Your email address will be used for Wildy's marketing materials only. We will never give your email address to any third party.
Special Discounts for Pupils, Newly Called & Students
Browse Secondhand Online
This was the last 'paper' edition published. Now available Online or as an Electronic version only at:-


text:
PhoenixPho... Photographer
OrigamerModel Female Roselle, Illinois, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/origamer
Mayhem # 1567717
About Merevamped profile, gogo!
a little about me now: i just came back after almost 2-3 year hiatus. i weigh 130 & am 5'10" with two tattoos and gauged ears. i have red hair with an inch of brown roots, but i'm looking to grow it out longer. my hair is now shoulder length.
i'm looking to work with someone who has patience, who can help direct me, and who won't post the photos that make me look like a walrus on the internet ;). i had a son 3 years ago so some of the belly fat isn't the most flattering... :|. just being honest, haha.
i'm easygoing, and i think anyone has the potential to have fun working with me. so drop me a line, i'd love to help you on your portfolio.
my look is punky-ish. i have gauged ears. two tattoos of songbirds on my collarbones. my ears are 5/8ths and 6g in the second holes. i have all kinds of funky earrings, i like wings/feathers/anything nerdy or old school punk like stars.
i'm still a makeup artist, or trying to be. i don't want any compensation, cuz i feel like that would be cheating you! i'm trying to learn techniques and things like that, so i don't want you to be unhappy with my work and still have to pay me!
i have a loooot of my own equipment, minus the various shades for skin. if you want to use my services, keep in mind that i have a ton of eyeshadow and eyeliners and mascaras. i don't carry various concealers or foundations with me, just the ones for me. so model would have to supply that.
the only thing i ask is be considerate. if you ask me to drive into chicago for an unpaid shoot, or somewhere further away more convenient for you, just throw me some money for gas. i'm trying to make ends meet, and it's not working so well (hello, child!) so this is kind of a fun/side thing for me and i really do not have the money to be able to drive all around illinois.
anyway, that's pretty much it :) take care and have a great day.
sidenote: i will need help with wardrobe, i have a few things here and there, but nothing that really fits me or is fashion forward. i'm not a creative putter together, so please be good at that!
we can meet at my house in roselle for shoots. just shoot me a message =)
Have you worked with Origamer? Add Credits for Origamer! >>
PhoenixPho... Photographer
EDMONAM Photographer
Mazarine Garden Model
SammyTHRWDWN Model
Duane Hunt Photographer
DontBiteTh... Photographer
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Detention & Deportation News Roundup, mid February 2010
Quotes from DWN member noted below:
- Inter Press Service: U.S.: Deportation System Called "Severely Flawed"
Karen T. Grisez, chair of the ABA Commission on Immigration: "This is the most comprehensive study that has ever been done of the immigration removal adjudication system, beginning with the decision of who should be put into removal proceedings and running through the appeals process."
Beth Werlin, Litigation Clearinghouse Attorney at the American Immigration Council's Legal Action Centre: "These problems not only diminish the public's confidence in the system, but even worse, they compromise the statutory and constitutional guarantee of fair process for each person facing removal.
- Houston Chronicle: Poll: 52% back visa or path to legal status. But 38% of Texans favor deportation in survey on illegal immigration
- New America Media: Arizona Sheriff Arpaio to Unleash 800 Deputies on Undocumented Immigrants
Omar Jadwat, a staff attorney at the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) Immigrants' Rights Project: "You're opening Pandora's box… When you have local cops getting some short video training and making decisions about someone's immigration status, it is hugely dangerous because it is a complex and difficult area of the law."
Alessandra Soller Meetze , director of the Arizona ACLU: "If [SB 1070] passes, Arizona would be the first state in the country to make this specific state crime of immigration trespassing," said Meetze. "We still think the Constitution prohibits Arizona from passing that law."
- Wyoming Tribune Eagle: Wyoming illegal immigration cases triple. A third of Wyoming's federal prosecutions last year involved people who illegally immigrated here from Mexico or Central America.
- AZ Republic: Immigration cases flooding U.S. courts Judges pressured to decide deportations quickly, advocates say
- AP: Siblings face deportation after work for feds
- TRAC: Detention of Criminal Aliens: What Has Congress Bought?
- AP: ICE non-criminal detentions fell for 3 months
- AP: U.S. wants out of suit over Chinese detainee's death
- Providence Journal: Warden, financial officer fired from Wyatt Detention Center
- Democracy Now: Prisoners Launch Hunger Strike at Texas Immigration Jail
- AlterNet: 'Removal Process' For Immigrants in the U.S. Is Riddled With Staggering Problems. A new study by the American Bar Association confirms what many advocates already feared: Our country's removal process fails to offer even a glimmer of due process.
- The National Law Journal: ICE Warms Up to Detainees: National Law Journal: Immigration chief promises overhaul of 'haphazard' system
- The Monitor (TX): Immigration prosecutions straining court system


text:
Question about Canon imageRUNNER C3200 Copier
Posted by barefooterje on
SOURCE: I have freestanding Series 8 dishwasher. Lately during the filling cycle water hammer is occurring. How can this be resolved
a 6ya expert can help you resolve that issue over the phone in a minute or two.
best thing about this new service is that you are never placed on hold and get to talk to real repairmen in the US.
the service is completely free and covers almost anything you can think of (from cars to computers, handyman, and even drones).
click here to download the app (for users in the US for now) and get all the help you need.
Posted on Jan 02, 2017
Tips for a great answer:
Jun 15, 2011 | Canon imageRUNNER 1310 Copier
Jan 26, 2011 | Samsung ML 2010 Laser Printer
Either the toner cartridges, the fuser, or the photodeveloper cartridge are defective, or toner has accumulated in front of the printhead or on the printhead lens.
Replace the color toner cartridge causing the
line. If you still have the problem, replace the fuser and the photodeveloper cartridge. Clean any spilled toner you see in the printer housing near the printhead using a soft, clean
lint-free cloth. Clean the printhead lens.
Clean the printhead lens when you see print quality problems :
1 Turn the printer off.
2 Pull the front door release latch forward and gently lower the front door.
3 Remove all of the toner cartridges one at a time.
4 Open the top door.
5 Remove the photodeveloper cartridge.
6 Pull on the tabs to lift the lens cover.
7 Gently wipe the printhead lens in one direction using a clean, dry lint-free cloth.
8 Push the lens cover down.
9 Align the photodeveloper cartridge with its opening. Gently lower it into place.
10 Push the latches away from each other to lock the photodeveloper cartridge into place.
11 Close the top door.
12 Install all of the toner cartridges.
13 Close the front door.
14 Turn the printer on.
If I could be of further assistance, let me know. If this helps or solves the issue, please rate it and give a testimonial for my response
Thanks, Joe
Jan 26, 2011 | Lexmark C510 Laser Printer
Oct 01, 2010 | Canon NP 6035 Copier
Jun 04, 2010 | Canon imageRUNNER C3220 Color Copier
Oct 07, 2009 | Canon Office Equipment & Supplies
Jun 23, 2009 | Brother MFC 7840W Printer
Jun 09, 2009 | Canon imageRUNNER iR C2880 Color Copier
Jan 07, 2008 | HP LaserJet 1020 Printer
Nov 05, 2007 | Office Equipment & Supplies
Jun 30, 2014 | Canon imageRUNNER C3200 Copier
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wall function for low Re
we can not meet the y+ criteria (y+>30) for all the nodes for a low Re flow (Re= 500,000 )over an airfoil using Ke model with standard wall function treatment. Fluent was not responding to grid coarsening. Is it possible to meet the y+ criteria without jeoperdising the grid independence or we must go to enhanced wall treatment option? a reply is highly appreciated!!
Re: wall function for low Re
I have the same problem with the grid coarsening on the wall. I don't know why fluent doesn't respond to that.
I'm modeling an incompresible flow with Re=1x10^7 and I'm trying to get Y+ near 30 using k-e and standar wall treatment, but i have problem with the turbulent viscocity and the shear stress on the wall.
sorry, i can't help you because i have a similar problem if you find something, please tell me
Re: wall function for low Re
I have no sollution to your problem, but I think, I know, why fluent does not respont to mesh coarsening:
The difficulty in adapting yplus is, that fluent can only modify the cell size by spliting the cells in half or by removing nodes. So the yplus will be either half or about dubble the former value.
So, design your grid with the right yplus BEFOR exporting it into fluent.
|All times are GMT -4. The time now is 05:09.


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Taxed portfolios and ISAs
Our aim is to produce the optimum post tax returns for clients within the parameters set by the agreed risk profile. We work closely with advisers to establish the most appropriate risk profile for your individual clients. Tailored portfolios are then constructed to suit your clients' risk profiles, taking into consideration their tax status.
Ideally, we like to be able to manage an Individual Savings Account (ISA) alongside a taxed portfolio, treating the two as one entity for asset allocation purposes. This allows us to maximise tax advantages by, for instance, using up Capital Gains Allowances in the taxed environment whilst sheltering income in the ISA (if appropriate).
The value of investments and the income received from them can fall as well as rise. Investors may not get back the amount invested.


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1983 Jeep CJ-7 Laredo
Updated 4.0 High Ouput Fuel-Injected Inline-6
T18 4-Speed Manual Transmission "Baer Tracks Conversion"
Updated Air Conditioning
Stainless Borla Exhaust
K&N Air Filter
Stock Suspension & 2" Shackle Lift
15-Inch Stock Wheels & 31 x 10.5LT B.F. Goodrich All-Terrain T/As x5
Rear-Mount Matching Spare Tire/Wheel
Power Steering
Power Front Disc Brakes
Tilt Steering Column
Clarion AM/FM CD Stereo
Chromed Bumpers & Grille
Vinyl Buckets & Rear Bench Seating
Locking Hood - Gas Cap - Doors - Wheels
Best Top Soft Top - Padded Roll Bars
Rear-Mounted Fire Extinguisher
This tough Jeep features an updated inline-6 engine that has logged approximately 100,000 miles. This work was done around 2004. The transmission is a T-18 4-Speed with a Granny 1st Gear. This Jeep is a lot of fun to drive and will make someone a great ride. Many of our photos were taken at the Dallas Love Field Frontiers of Flight Museum, located only minutes from our showroom. Be sure to visit our friends at the Flight Museum if you find yourself in the Dallas, Ft. Worth area.
The suspension is basically original with a 2" shackle lift. The wheels are stock, fitted with B.F. Goodrich All-Terrain T/As all around with a matching spare on the rear. The interior is in great shape throughout. THe metal piece on top of the steering column is a locking device that fits over the ignition and locks the steering wheel. The seat upholstery is clean and detailed front to back. The dash and door panels are in excellent condition. The gauges are functional. The 4-speed transmission shifts as it should along with the 4-wheel-drive. A Clarion CD Stereo has been installed.
This Jeep features a locking hood along with locks on the wheels. The doors also lock correctly. Under the hood is the updated '95 HO 4.0 Inline-6 with approximately 100,000 miles on it. The conversion was completed in 2004. The engine compartment is clean and detailed throughout, with original sheet metal. The undercarriage showcases original framework and flooring throughout, always dry climate kept and it shows. The suspension, differentials, engine & transmission undersides and flooring is in great shape. This Jeep has been cared for.
The paint is in good condition. There are a few flaws, most notably near the windshield, photoed above, are these two spots. The VIN plate is in its correct location. The tires show even wear throughout. The classic soft top is by Best Tops. The under dash air conditioning is paired with an updated compressor. It blows cold. The mileage is actual to the Jeep itself. However the engine work was done in 2004 and the new speedometer was set to reflect the old original miles. The current engine has about 100,000 miles on it. That's about an average of 10,000 a year.


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The Eight Bells, now under the ownership of a Jevington family, is a welcoming country pub in the historic downland village of Jevington.
The pub is over 300 years old, and sits at the heart of the village high above Eastbourne in the South Downs National Park. It is on the South Downs Way and near to Beachy Head and the Seven Sisters Country Park. We serve local ales and seasonal food and offer a large and well presented garden, which includes a barn and sheltered terrace for dining, with lovely views of the South Downs.
We have recently undergone a renovation, you will notice a nice new floor which IB flooring kindly fitted for us. We opted for Karndean flooring for its anti-slip properties so you don't go dropping your beer over someone elses on the floor, hope you like it!
We are proud of our tradition of supporting live music at the Eight Bells and recently we were delighted to welcome the the young Gypsy Jazz sensation, Antoine Boyer, playing for the first time in the UK.
May 16th – Pete Martin
EVERY MONDAY from 7pm till 9pm Original Gypsy Jazz Jam Night with The Hot Club of Jevington – "Thoroughly recommend it – delicious food and great music !" Sally Mack
If you love Gypsy Jazz, you won't want to miss what is sure to be another fantastic performance. Come & join us for what will be a very memorable evening. The music starts at 7pm.
Pete Martin Returns: May 16th, July 25th, Sept 26th, Nov 28th, Dec 19th
Tuesday night is Quiz Night at The Eight Bells. Starting promptly at 8.30pm. There are wine prizes for the top three finishers. Three bottles 1st place, two bottles 2nd place & one bottle 3rd. There is also a draw at the end of the quiz for all teams that enter to win two lines (lucky dip) on the new £2 Wednesday lotto. Finishing in the final three places gives your team a chance of winning the runners up prize, with a draw for a box of chocolates.
We look forward to welcoming you to the Eight Bells soon.
Tony White – 01323 484442
"We are very impressed …… The staff are lovely and helpful, you don't mind dogs, the food and drink is top notch and it's a great place to take our friends to". Adrian Backshall
Opening hours: 11am till 11pm Monday to Saturday and 12 noon till 10.30pm on Sunday.


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The blinding truth, a foresight into the future. Promo presents: True Tones! Set on a mission to take on hardcore in all its glory and darkness, Promo delivers with Style. Hitting reset and setting sights on to the challenge, Promo revived his studio from ground up. The album - containing mostly new material defines the next chapter in the unstoppable Promo-sound. This one is all about keeping it real and taking matters into your own hands: kick, melody and distortion. A true movement on its own. True Tones tracks range from pure euphoria to kick drum hardcore with a little conflict here and there. This is positive energy packed among 4x4 rhythms with some slick drops just when you don't expect them.
Supporting a range of guest vocalists, unexpected co- ops with Marc Acardipane, Tha Playah and more, familiar faces like D- Passion and crushing remixes (from the likes of N-Vitral to name one) the end result is a definition of hardcore allegiance. Staying true to your roots and never hesitating to take the next step forward: True Tones, by all means necessary. He's got your attention. You can't ignore. True Tones will be available as digital download and digipack featuring all the tracks divided among 2 discs all packed and ready to play.


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The Morning Ledger: Apple CFO Tops Peers in Pay
Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer had a prosperous 2012. His pay package totaled $68.6 million, the biggest in at least three years for any finance chief of an S&P 500 company, CFOJ's James Willhite reports in today's Marketplace section. Overall, median pay for S&P 500 CFOs climbed 2% last year to $3.4 million, nearly matching the 2.1% raise they received the year before, according to data from S&P Capital IQ. CEOs fared slightly better. A Wall Street Journal survey in May found that median CEO pay rose 3.6% last year. Compensation experts said last year's modest pay increase for financial chiefs reflected tepid but steady growth in business as well as boards' desire to give top executives raises that were in line with those for lower-level workers.