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1 FRAGMENTABILITY, A FOUNDATIONAL SYSTEMS CONCEPT LARS LÖFGREN University of Lund Printed in: Cybernetics and Systems 2000, edited by Robert Trappl, Austrian Society of Cybernetic Studies, Vienna, Vol. 1, 2000, pp ISBN A latest proof of the paper is what follows.
2 Fragmentability, a Foundational Systems Concept Lars Loefgren ( Systems Theory, University of Lund, Box 118, S Lund [Printed in: Cybernetics and Systems 00, Vol. 1, pp (2000). Editor: Trappl, R, University of Vienna and Austrian Society for Cybernetic Studies] Abstract Fragmentation is a fundamental process, beneath the level of logics. Fragmentation occurs in our most everyday activities. We analyse (literally, to break into fragments), describe, and interpret by performing fragmentations. We propose a linguistic concept of fragmentation, namely a complementaristic whole of syntactic fragmentation and semantic fragmentation, as foundational for Systems and, in particular, General Systems. 1 Fragmentation and Unification Every description, even a whole descriptive theory, is a description of something, not everything. Indeed, we do describe by making fragmentations. Were it not for the remarkable property of nature that it seemingly allows fragmentation, as in our becoming conscious of a particular phenomenon as target for description, or as in the isolation of a particular physical phenomenon in an experimental set-up for measuring an observable, every attempt at describing nature would fail. Chew explaines further: [Chew G, 1968]. A key discovery of Western culture has been the discovery that different aspects of nature can be individually understood in an approximate sense without everything s being understood at once. All phenomena ultimately are interconnected, so an attempt to understand only a part necessarily leads to some error, but the error is sufficiently small for the partial approach to be meaningful. Save for this remarkable and far from obvious property of nature, scientific progress would be impossible. We may look upon this view as suggestive of a fragmentation problem. Fragmentation problem. Is nature in itself fragmentable, and thereby nondistortively describable, or, is it our linguistic description processes which make nature appear fragmentable. The involved notion of (non-)distortive may be clarified with an example from quantum mechanics. Consider an entangled EPR pair of particles. They may have become light years apart, suggesting that the pair is fragmented into two parts, the individual particles. But such a fragmentation turns out distortive on the pair as a quantum mechanical entity (where entanglement indicates an unbreakable quantum correlation between the particles). Further examples of unbreakable wholes, i.e., wholes that will be distorted when operated upon by a classical fragmentation, will be given subsequently. Language itself will prove a prime example. The concept of nature, occurring in the Fragmentation Problem, is to be understood constructively, as in Linguistic Realism [Löfgren L, 1993]. Accordingly, we are open to a reality including human constructs as well as languages (complementaristically conceived; see below). What may be distortive on this scale of linguistic realism, requires an evolutionary perspective. The fragmentary growth of knowledge, particularly into scientific disciplines, creates unification problems, like quests for disciplines with larger, unifying domains. Unification Problem. Is there a unifying understanding of fragmented scientific disciplines? A first natural proposal would be an interdisciplinary understanding. This presupposes however a rather classical part-whole view, as if various disciplines (parts) can be joined together, possibly extended with new rules for previously not covered parts of the larger domain of inquiry. Compare as well earlier, classical formulations of so called inductive rules of inference,
3 where induction is looked at as some sort of generalizing inference from particular observed facts. However, as we now think of induction, [Löfgren L, 1982], it is not an inference from particulars but a process bringing forth hidden properties of the language in use. That is, properties beyond analytic deductive accessibility within the language. Such properties are acquired in the evolution of the language, in its adaptation to environments for which it works. They are accounted for in the complementaristic conception of language (section 3). Complementaristic conceivability will provide an answer to the unification problem as well as to a quest for noncumulative growth of knowledge. 2 Fragmentability of Wholes; earlier insights By way of introduction to our complementaristic concept of fragmentation (section 4) let us collect some earlier formulations of basic fragmentation hypotheses and doctrines. In Russell s chapter on Analysis in [Russell B, 1961], he writes: The operation by which, from examination of a whole W, we arrive at P is part of W, is called analysis. It has two forms: logical analysis, and analysis into spatio-temporal parts. Russell s categorical fragmentation here, the separation of the two forms of analysis, indicates that he is on a classical (noncomplementaristic) ground allowing classical analysis of fragmentation. No complementaristic relations between the two forms of analysis are hinted at. Part-hole doctrine, I. [Russell B, 1961, page 157]: the parts of a complex whole are different, as combined in that whole, from what they would otherwise be. Part-Whole Doctrine II. [Russell B, 1966, page 327] From the earliest times, many philosophers have objected to analysis: they have maintained that analysis is falsification, that a whole does not really consist of parts suitably arranged, and that, if we mention any part singly, the act of isolation so alters it that what we have mentioned is not an organic part of the whole. [Russell B, 1966, page 327] also recalls a principle of atomicity which may be said to forbid synthesis. Linguistically, it forbids the giving of proper names to complex wholes, at any rate when they are recognized to be complex. For my part, says Russell, I reject both these extremes [the first referring to doctrine II, which is similar to I]. Part-hole doctrine III. [Russell B, 1966, pages ]: Can we state all that we know without the use of any basic propositions of the form P is part of W? In asking this question it is supposed that P and W are proper names. It is assumed that we can experience a whole W without knowing what its parts are, but that, by attention and noticing, we can gradually discover more and more of its parts. It is not assumed that this process must stop short of complete analysis, nor is it assumed that it can be carried to the point at which the parts that have been arrived at are incapable of further analysis. But it is assumed that the whole W can preserve its identity throughout the process of analysis: that, e.g., in perception we can begin with W!, as an exclamatory use of an object-word, and arrive, by attention, at P is part of W, without any change in the denotation of the name W. The following part-whole characterization is developed in a wide evolutionary context, relevant for the so called systems movement (see [Klir G, 1991, chapter 3]). Part-hole doctrine IV. Smuts 1926 Holism and Evolution, quoted in [Klir G, 1991, page 29]: A whole is a synthesis or unity of parts, so close that it affects the activities and interactions of those parts, impresses on them a special character, and makes them different from what they would have been in a combination devoid of such unity or synthesis. That is the fundamental element in the concept of the whole. It is a complex of parts, but so close and intimate, so unified that the characters and relations and activities of the parts are affected and changed. A fragmentation principle, which is often hidden deep in foundational logical issues, is the principle of compositionality. The principle of compositionality says that the semantic attributes of a complex expression are functions of the semantic attributes of its constituent expressions. The principle presupposes fragmentabilities on both syntactic and semantic levels and states a recursivelike correlation. [Hintikka J, 1996, page 106]: Tarski had an early form of a categorical grammar. Any approach like
4 categorical grammar presupposes certain things of the semantics of the language whose grammar it is suppposed to be. It presupposes that the language in question satisfies the requirement which linguists usually call compositionality. Philosophers sometimes refer to it as the Frege principle, and Frege did indeed pay lip service to it. As usually formulated it says that the meaning of a complex expression is a function of the meanings of its constituent expressions. It is nevertheless appropriate to extend the idea of compositionality to say that all the relevant semantical attributes of an expression (and not only just its meaning or truth) are functions of the semantical attributes of its constituent expressions (not just of its meaning). The major impact of the principle of compositionality on logical and linguistic theorizing is to allow what is usually referred to as recursive definitions (or other kinds of recursive characterization) of the relevant semantical properties. That is to say, we can specify the conditions for the applicability of the semantical attribute in question to the simplest possible expressions, and then specify, step by step, for each operation of forming complex expressions out of the simpler ones, how applicability of that semantical attribute to the complex expression is derived on the semantical attributes of its constituent expressions.... The real impact nevertheless has not been emphasized in recent discussion. It is illustrated by the role of the principle in facilitating recursive definitions of semantical attributes. Such recursive definitions proceed from simpler expressions to more complicated ones. They are not possible unless the attribute to be defined is semantically speaking context independent. The main function of the principle of compositionality is to secure such semantical context-independence. [Hintikka J and Sandu G, 1996] exhibit an independence friendly first order logic which violates the principle of compositionality. The authors look at the semantical incompleteness of this logic as its most profoundly revolutionary feature. Let us next, as a preliminary to the language-based fragmentation concept, recall the complementaristic concept of language [Löfgren L, 1992]. 3 General Language a Complementaristic Whole Phenomena of language are at the bottom of all human activity and are, indeed, at the roots of all forms of life as genetic processes. The phenomena are extremely rich, and exceedingly difficult to conceptualize without distorting them in the act. Yet, at the same time, our communication languages are so natural and easy for us to use that we hardly notice them. It is as if they were universal, as if what we are saying had an absolute meaning which were independent of the language in use. As if the language could be detached from the ideas we are talking about. Such impressions fade away, however, when we try to objectify, or conceptualize, language. We then realize our linguistic predicament: to objectify language in language. On the basis of several earlier investigations of language phenomena, from genetic language, through programming language, formal language, observation language, inner cerebral language, to external communication language, we have come to the conclusion that there is a common concept of language, of which all these phenomena are species. Language, in its general conception, is a whole of complementary description and interpretation processes. The involved concept of complementarity, the linguistic complementarity, is to be understood as follows. The linguistic complementarity. In general, complementarity refers to holistic situations where (a classical) fragmentation into parts does not succeed. In its complementaristic understanding, the phenomenon of language is such a whole of description and interpretation processes, yet a whole which has no such parts fully expressible within the language itself. Instead, within the language, the parts are complementary or tensioned (rather than classically contradictory). There are various related ways of looking at the complementarity: (i) as descriptional incompleteness: in no language can its interpretation process be completely described in the language itself; (ii) as a tension between describability and interpretability within a language: increased describability implies decreased interpretability, and conversely; (iii) as degrees of partiality of self reference (introspection) within a language: complete self reference within a language is impossible; (iv) as a principle of nondetachability of language. The linguistic closure. Our thinking abilities are usually looked upon as free and unbounded. But when it comes to communicable thought, we are confined to some shared communication language. The systemic wholeness, or the complementaristic nature, of this language implies a closure, or circumscription, of our linguistic abilities be they pure thoughts communicable in a formal mathematical language, or constructive directions for an experimental interpretation-domain of a physics language. The
5 nature of this closure is not that of a classical boundary of a capacity, like describability, or interpretability. It is a tensioned and hereditary boundary of the systemic capacity of describability-and-interpretability admitting potentialities in two directions: (a) The closure is tensioned. Within the language there is a tension between describability and interpretability (view (ii) of the linguistic complementarity), whereby it may be possible to increase the describability at the cost of a lowered interpretability, and conversely. In other words, what the closure bounds off is neither describability, nor interpretability, but their interactive whole as a linguistic unit of describability-and-interpretability. (b) The closure is hereditary. Languages evolve, and at a later time we can have access to another shared communication language of greater communication capacity. However, we are then back to the linguistic predicament: ateachtimewetrytocommunicate thoughts even introspective thoughts about language and their evolution we are confined to a shared language, however evolved, and the linguistic complementarity of that language restricts our communicability in the tensioned way according to (a). 4 Language-Based Fragmentation A fragmentation of a whole produces parts (fragments) of the whole. The parts must be distinguishable. Otherwise, by Leibniz s principle, indistinguishable parts coalesce and the fragmentation of the whole is nullified. Fragmentability is thus intimately connected with distinguishability, and distinguishability with describability. See [Löfgren L, 1966] for distinguishability (of elements in a domain) as describability (of the domain). Again, describability is complementaristically related with interpretability. This means that fragmentation, visualized as occurring in the interpretation domain of a language, is nonseparable from a fragmentation view in the description domain. Fragmentation is objectifiable as a linguistic phenomenon, a whole of syntactic fragmentation complementaristically interrelated with semantic fragmentation. To help clarify the complementaristic nature of fragmentation, and of language, we want to mention a contrasting earlier understanding of language in terms of semiotics, proposed by Carnap in the early 40 s (with beliefs in classical unification principles). He suggests a classical fragmentability of the whole science of language (not reflecting any complementaristic quality of language). Carnap s fragmentation thesis for Semiotics [Carnap R, 1942, page 9]. If we are analyzing a language, then we are concerned, of course, with expressions. But we need not necessarily also deal with speakers and designata. Although these factors are present whenever language is used, we may abstract from one or both of them in what we intend to say about the language in question. Accordingly, we distinguish three fields of investigation of languages [pragmatics, semantics, syntax]. The whole science of language, consisting of the three parts mentioned, is called semiotic. True that the assumed fragmentability may be described in a metalanguage, provided one such exists. But the whole science of language is not a science unless connected with a language (in which it is described). That is, the actual language (with no appeal to some metalanguage; cf the linguistic predicament) for which the fragmentation is supposed to hold. But, by our analysis of language, this fragmentation cannot be made within this language itself. What is missing in Carnap s account of semiotics, as the whole science of language, is a complementaristic relation between the suggested parts. In other words, if Carnapian semiotics is considered the whole science of language, it is distortive of language as in linguistic realism. We suggest that semiotics be developed accordingly. Also, that pragmatics be understood in terms of the processual nature of the description and interpretation processes. The complementaristic concept of language is a whole which satisfies the part-whole doctrines I, II, and IV (section 2). For example, the stipulation that the parts of a complex whole are different, as combined in that whole, from what they would otherwise be, holds for language. Its constituent interacting description and interpretation processes, producing descriptions and interpretations, are intuitively clear in a classical global perspective (with descriptions as finitely representable, static, objects with meanings, or interpretations, beyond any such restrictions). However, when these parts are made objects for investigation in the language itself, they become non-classical tensioned objects. The assumption in doctrine III, that we can experience a whole W without knowing what its parts are, is satisfied by complementaristic conceivability, recognizing human conception of description-interpretation wholes. The principle of compositionality is not assumed for complementaristic language. Rather, the role of the principle to secure semantical context-independence, seems more in line with a Carnapian fragmentability
6 of semiotics, than with, say, the principle of nondetachability of language. 5 Systems Movements Towards Unifying Foundations [Klir G, 1991, chapter 3] provides an interesting account of movements towards unification as characteristic for the emergence of systems concepts and systems thinking. Klir notices that current systems thinking, in studying the relationship between wholes and parts, goes far beyond thinking molded from either reductionism or holism. He points at the recognition of interdisciplinary domains as a step towards recognizing systemhood, elaborated in [Rosen R, 1986] in a foundational setting. In our view, there is an undisputable unifying effect in foundational studies. Various disciplins recognize different domains of inquiry, and work with different presuppositions create unification problems. The more the presuppositions can be explicitly revealed, the better can an interdisciplinary communication be developed. Revelation of presuppositions is an act of introspection in the language in which a discipline is inductively and deductively developed. Such introspective acts are what we usually call foundational. Deep foundational studies do not merely refer to disciplines as context dependent. They take the context all the way to language as the ultimate frame of reference for communicable knowledge (cf the linguistic closure for the general complementaristic concept of language). Let us very briefly comment on some steps in the movements towards system out from fragmentability as a foundational systems concept. 5.1 On Rosen s Critical Comparison of Systemhood with Sethood Attempting to answer the question what a system is, [Rosen R, 1986] compares the concept of system with that of set. In spite of many parallels, Rosen critically distinguishes between systemhood and setness and suggests that: since the axiom systems in terms of which set-ness is characterized are themselves systems, it may well be that attempts to define systemhood in terms of set-ness is cart before horse.... The task of General Systems Theory is a large one. It is not only to characterize and study the notion of systemhood, and the properties which depend only upon it. More than this, it is up to General Systems Theory to divide the pie between what we have called thinghood, set-ness and systemhood, and study the hybrid properties which depend on more than one of these primitives. This is indeed a genuine fragmentation problem. With the pie conceived as in linguistic realism, General Systems Theory ought to study presuppositions for sets and for systems, and to understand fragmentability accordingly. That may seem to require a General Systems Language with a complementaristic account of such presuppositions and their fragmentability. Traces of such a shift from theory to language may be seen in Rosens first remark on axiom systems. Recall how Gödel, in his revised conception of a formal system includes with the pure syntax also a complementary semantic appeal to Turing machines (whereby a proof-regress is avoided; cf [Löfgren L, 1998]). 5.2 On Spencer-Brown s Laws of Form [Spencer Brown G, 1969, page v]: The theme of this book is that a universe comes into being when a space is severed or taken apart.... By tracing the way we represent such a severance, we can begin to reconstruct, with an accuracy and coverage that appear almost uncanny, the basic forms underlying linguistic, mathematical, physical, and biological science, and can begin to see how the familiar laws of our own experience follow inexorably from the original act of severance. Here we have an attempt at fragmentation (severance, taking apart) as a foundational concept, inviting comparison with linguistic fragmentation as a complementaristic whole of syntactic fragmentation and semantic fragmentation, By contrast, Spencer Brown works with a compositionality that reduces to syntactic forms. To say that a universe comes into being when a space is severed or taken apart obviously presupposes an already existing linguistic fragmentability. Spencer Brown works with fragmentability as unproblematic, as if perfect fragmentations can always be made ( distinction is perfect continence ). Such presuppositions may be defended in strictly discrete universes. But consider a language, say a mathematical language, where for example choice processes occur. Even though these can be partially axiomatized, as choice functions beyond rules, they show up as independent axioms. Mathematical reasoning in a mathematical language may well use processes which are beyond full syntactical description in the language. To understand language, as the complementaristic phenomenon it is, in terms of fragmentation it is necessary to recognice also fragmentation as as complementaristic phenomenon. A pure syntactic fragmentation will not suffice, not even for pure mathematics.
7 5.3 On Self-Reference [Varela F, 1975] attempts an extension of the calculus of indications of Spencer Brown to encompass all occurrences of self-referential situations. However, reference is centrally linguistic, and selfreference refers to (features of) the language in which it occurs. Complete self-reference is impossible (view iii of the linguistic complementarity). Self-reference is always partial. For a study of this partiality we refer to [Löfgren L, 1990]. Varela does not refer to language, and not to the necessary partiality of self-reference. However, in his conclusions, he refers to a separation between observer and observed. He suggests that: [Varela F, 1975, page 22] In contrast with what is commonly assumed, a description, when carefully inspected, reveals the properties of the observer. We observers, distinguish ourselves precisely by distinguishing what we apparently are not, the world. In [Löfgren L, 1996, page 335] we have explained various presuppositions needed to make this formulation (of post-objectivity in second-order cybernetics) appreciable. 5.4 Time For a recent study of the fragmentation problem for time we refer to [Löfgren L, 2000]. 6 Conclusion General System, in contrast to more disciplinary domains, is supposed not to overlook problems of synthesis which usually are abstracted away in reductionistic studies towards disciplinary foundations. Yet, to understand General Systems, we are forced to perform fragmentations that are tied with descriptions and interpretations of the subject. The complementaristic concept of fragmentation is proposed as foundational for Systems, in particular for General Systems. References [Carnap R, 1942] Introduction to Semantics and Formalization of Logic. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harward University Press. [Chew G, 1968] Bootstrap: a Scientific Idea? Science, 161, [Hintikka J, 1996] The Principles of Mathematics Revisited. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press. [Hintikka J and Sandu G, 1996] A Revolution in Logic? Nord. J. Philos. Log., 1, [Klir G, 1991] Facets of Systems Science. New York: Plenum Press. [Löfgren L, 1966] Explicability of Sets and Transfinite Automata. In Caianiello, E, ed., Automata Theory. New York: Academic Press, [Löfgren L, 1982] Methodologies and the Induction Problem. In Trappl R, Klir G and Pichler F, eds. Progress in Cybernetics and Systems Research, vol 8. Washington, New York, London: Hemisphere, [Löfgren L, 1990] On the Partiality of Self-Reference. Pp in Heylighen F, Rosseel E, Demeyere F, eds., Self-Steering and Cognition in Complex Systems. New York: Gordon and Breach. [Löfgren L, 1992] Complementarity in Language: Toward a General Understanding. Pp in Carvallo M, ed., Nature, Cognition and System II. Dordrecht: Kluwer. [Löfgren L, 1993] Linguistic Realism and Issues in Quantum Philosophy. In Laurikainen K and Montonen C, eds., Symposia on the Foundations of Modern Physics 1992 : the Copenhagen Interpretation and Wolfgang Pauli. Singapore-NewJersey-London- HongKong: World Scientific, [Löfgren L, 1996] Shadows of Language in Physics and Cybernetics. Systems Research, 13, [Löfgren L, 1998] Nonseparability of Inferribility and Measurability in Quantum Mechanics as a Systema Magnum. Pp in Trappl R, ed., Cybernetics and Systems 98, vol. 1. Vienna: Austrian Society for Cybernetic Studies. [Löfgren L, 2000] Understandings of Time in Complementaristic Language. Chapter 3, pp 37-51, in Baert, Patrick, editor, Time in Contemporary Intellectual Thought. Amsterdam: Nort-Holland, Elsevier Science. [Rosen R, 1986] Some Comments on Systems and System Theory. Int J General Systems, 13, 1-3. [Russell B, 1961] Our Knowledge of the External World. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. First published in [Russell B, 1966] An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. First published in [Spencer Brown G, 1969] Laws of Form. London: Lowe and Brydone. [Varela F, 1975] A Calculus for Self-Reference. Int J General Systems, 2, 5-24.
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is back-ordered. We will ship it separately in 10 to 15 days.
What does Maryland do best? Well, lots of things! But two of the things we can't be beat at are crab cakes and lacrosse. Grab your lacrosse sticks and this great tank. Sadly, crab hammers not included.
- Adult Tricot Mesh ReversibleTank (Pinnie).- Two layers of 100% polyester tricotmesh
love it, gift for my boyfriend

subset: commoncrawl


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Jacksonville Magazine's Fall Bride's Night
Jacksonville Magazine
Thursday, September 20, 2012 from 6:30 PM to 8:30 PM (EDT)
Who's Going
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Sara Haughty
San Francisco, California
San Francisco, California
Luke Picard
London, United Kingdom
London, United Kingdom
Rick Vespucio
Florence, Italy
Florence, Italy
Event Details
Jacksonville Magazine's next Bride's Night is set for the end of summer. The change in season takes us back to the beach with a stylish soiree at the Casa Marina Hotel. Expect all the fun that Bride's Nights are known for includoing delicious eats, libations, games, prize giveaways and goodie bags. Reservations are required and a limited number of tickets are offered, so don't delay.
Have questions about Jacksonville Magazine's Fall Bride's Night ? Contact Jacksonville Magazine
When & Where
Casa Marina Hotel
691 1st St.
Jacksonville Beach ,
Thursday, September 20, 2012 from 6:30 PM to 8:30 PM (EDT)
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Download the Game Design and Indie Game Marketing Freebook 07/19/17GameDev.net and CRC Press have teamed up to bring a free ebook of content curated from top titles published by CRC Press. The freebook, Practices of Game Design & Indie Game Marketing, includes chapters from The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses, A Practical Guide to Indie Game Marketing, and An Architectural Approach to Level Design. The GameDev.net FreeBook is relevant to game designers, developers, and those interested in learning more about the challenges in game development. We know game development can be a tough discipline and business, so we picked several chapters from CRC Press titles that we thought would be of interest to you, the GameDev.net audience, in your journey to design, develop, and market your next game. The free ebook is available through CRC Press by clicking here. The Curated Books The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses, Second Edition, by Jesse Schell Presents 100+ sets of questions, or different lenses, for viewing a game's design, encompassing diverse fields such as psychology, architecture, music, film, software engineering, theme park design, mathematics, anthropology, and more. Written by one of the world's top game designers, this book describes the deepest and most fundamental principles of game design, demonstrating how tactics used in board, card, and athletic games also work in video games. It provides practical instruction on creating world-class games that will be played again and again. View it here. A Practical Guide to Indie Game Marketing, by Joel Dreskin Marketing is an essential but too frequently overlooked or minimized component of the release plan for indie games. A Practical Guide to Indie Game Marketing provides you with the tools needed to build visibility and sell your indie games. With special focus on those developers with small budgets and limited staff and resources, this book is packed with tangible recommendations and techniques that you can put to use immediately. As a seasoned professional of the indie game arena, author Joel Dreskin gives you insight into practical, real-world experiences of marketing numerous successful games and also provides stories of the failures. View it here. An Architectural Approach to Level Design This is one of the first books to integrate architectural and spatial design theory with the field of level design. The book presents architectural techniques and theories for level designers to use in their own work. It connects architecture and level design in different ways that address the practical elements of how designers construct space and the experiential elements of how and why humans interact with this space. Throughout the text, readers learn skills for spatial layout, evoking emotion through gamespaces, and creating better levels through architectural theory. View it here. Learn more and download the ebook by clicking here. Did you know? GameDev.net and CRC Press also recently teamed up to bring GDNet+ Members up to a 20% discount on all CRC Press books. Learn more about this and other benefits here.
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gmcbay replied to luke101's topic in General and Gameplay ProgrammingYour system requirements are ridiculously low to the point where you are backing yourself into a corner for no good reason. The way older 486 era games like id's Commander Keen achived good 2D performance is by relying on clever hardware tricks (eg. banging on the scrolling registers directly) that will outright fail if you attempt to do them on modern videocards without being in some sort of DOSBOXish emulation environment. Also you're making your job 1000 times harder for no real gain. Why do you need to support Windows 95? Nobody supports Windows 95 anymore. Hardly anyone supports Windows pre-Windows 2000s, because the amount of people who use such systems is so ridiculously small and of the small amount of people there are using them, the cross-section between that set and those who will download your game anyway is absolutely zero. ...and 'alot of AI'? On a 486? Are you sure your post isn't a troll? If it isn't, seriously reconsider your system requirements.
gmcbay replied to kgp43's topic in Games Business and LawWell, just because the publisher isn't selling a version of the game now doesn't mean they never will, just look at all the retro collection discs for the various modern consoles... They can always make the case that you're harming their ability for future sales, even if they aren't currently selling it. Anyway, I hate the fact that some publishers try to sue on basic gameplay similarity grounds, like all of those Hasbro/Asteroids lawsuits from a few years back. But if you directly rip off the graphics & sounds from another game, you're just asking to be sued, and I wouldn't have a problem with the publisher suing someone in that case. That is clearly closer to theft than homage/inspiration. Don't do it.
gmcbay replied to mike25025's topic in Graphics and GPU ProgrammingI suggest looking at Brian Hook's SAL library: http://www.bookofhook.com/sal I am using it in my released shareware game and it works really well. It can output to either DSound or waveOut, and it works under MacOS X and Linux too. It uses a BSD-style license so you can use it in anything without having to open source your own code. Also... it is free.
gmcbay replied to sakky's topic in General and Gameplay ProgrammingThis topic comes up here once every month or so. Go ahead and make a bootable game if you really want to, but there are a ton of reasons why it is a bad idea: Hardly anyone is going to bother rebooting to play your game. Modern OSes multitask for a reason. Why fight it? I know there's no way in hell I'd ever reboot to play a game. Also, you'd have to include drivers for all possible hardware on your boot CD. And then when the manufacturer updates the drivers, or (worse) comes out with new hardware that didn't exist when your game shipped, you're fucked because your bootCD game is always going to be using the older, buggy drivers.. or in the case of entirely new hardware, your game might just not run at all because no matching driver is found on your bootCD OS. Last, but not least: game patches. If you discover a bug in your game after it has shipped (and chances are very high you will), there is no reasonable way to patch the bootCD. All in all this is a horrible idea.


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to week 139 of Moonlight & Mason Jars!
I am SO not ready for it to be February! But if you're like me (and a little behind on life), tonight's features will get you caught up: all the sweet Valentine's treats you could need to celebrate with your loved ones. 🙂 Remember that your links will be shared on all 5 sites.
Please follow your dedicated hosts. To see the latest content from us, check out the first 5 links in the link party. Thank you!!
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Whether you're looking for homemade gifts or treats to enjoy yourself, these delicious recipes are the perfect celebration for Valentine's Day!
Strawberries and Cream Cupcakes | Virtually Yours
Chocolate Raspberry Cheesecake | Growing Up Gabel
Mini Chocolate Waffle and Fruit Bites | Just Us Four
Cupcakes on a Stick | Home Cooking Memories
Strawberry Coffee Cake Donuts | Delightful E Made
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6:00am: My alarm goes off.
6:05am: My alarm goes off again.
7:15am: I crawl out of bed in all my disheveled glory, pee and curse myself for once again fooling myself into believing I was going to get up at 6:00am to do the dishes, clean my apartment and respond to blog e-mails.
7:30am: With a cup of coffee in each hand (a new definition to the term "double fisting"), I down my yog mess in less than five minutes while reading People online. I find out Prince Harry is dating a British rock star, and my hopes are immediately dashed for an Everythingtarian royal wedding.
1 container Pineapple Chobani Greek yog
3/4 cup diced strawberries
1/3 cup Hint of Honey Galaxy Granola
8:15am: I catch up with Daddy Everythingtarian on the phone while walking to work. I tell him all about the financial planning for women class I took on Saturday and beam with grown-up pride as I explain to him I now know the difference between a traditional and Roth IRA.
10:00am: An announcer's voice booms from the speakers, "Due to current circumstances, you must evacuate the building immediately. I repeat, evacuate the building immediately through the nearest exit."
10:01am: Oh my gosh, this is it. I'm dying right now. Wait…why are we evacuating?
10:02am: I grab my purse, iPhone and realize it is a bomb threat. Awesome.
10:05am: I walk over to a building down the street where I know some peeps and am able to use their office to get sh!t done. Why can't bomb threats happen on days I don't have a billion things to do?
10:07am: As soon as I enter through the door, my friend tells me I look like a Flamenco dancer. I wholeheartedly take it as one of the best compliments I've ever received.
12:15pm: I am hungry. My stomach is audibly churning. The lunch I packed is being held hostage inside said office building which is still being examined for bombs. And now I've just found out my other hope for an Everythingtarian royal wedding is dashed upon hearing Prince William is set to marry Kate Middleton in 2011. FML.
12:20pm: Despite my attempts to wait out the bomb threat, I buy this snack mix at a coffee shop and eat the entire thing.
12:25pm: Five minutes after eating it, I get word we are allowed back in the building.
12:30pm: I am no longer hungry for the lunch I packed and am annoyed my plan to save money was thwarted. To remedy my annoyance, I eat two Haralson apples.
1:15pm: Work crisis.
1:30pm: To get some good office vibes going, my coworker Chris and I bump to N.E.R.D. It doesn't solve the work crisis, but Pharrell's coolness definitely rubs off on us.
2:00pm: Mild nauseousness sets in. I blame the bag of sesame sticks.
3:00pm: While waiting for a solution to the aforementioned crisis, I send in my gym reimbursement to my insurance company so I can get $100 in free money back from them. I realize how much I like free money and start brainstorming other ways to score more dolla dolla bills.
5:13pm: Since I missed my planned 5:05pm Bootcamp class, am ragingly starving and the crisis is still not figured out, I head home while talking to Mama Everythingtarian. I decide one of two things needs to happen tonight: beer or cookies. Or, let's be real, both.
5:30pm: G'ma Everythingtarian makes a sweeping return to enjoy the 5 o'clock special: a ginormous junk salad.
2 cups baby spinach
1/2 cup diced strawberries
1/4 cup broccoli slaw
1/2 diced red pepper
2 T raisins
2 T sunflower seeds
Annie's Lite Raspberry vinaigrette
5:52pm: I don't want to do anything I actually have to do, so I start blogging.
6:42pm: I'm done blogging and really don't know what to do with myself. I hit 'Save Draft' and resign myself to doing those dishes, cleaning my apartment and responding to those blog e-mails before I hit 'Publish Draft' later in the evening.
6:54pm: Dishes are still dirty, apartment still needs to be cleaned and my inbox is still full.
6:57pm: Screw it. I'm hitting 'Publish Draft' right now.
Stay tuned tomorrow for the exciting conclusion to, "A Day in the Life…"


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Cattle Country, Highly Improved and Productive Pastures, good fences. Average rainfall around 45 inches per year, lots of grass!!. .....60 minutes from downtown Dallas to Texas Heaven..... Modern Home, Pool, 100x50 Hay barn, Ponds and Rolling hills, Mature oak trees, 35 acre...
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Buck Creek Ranch is located in Daisy, Oklahoma, on the Indian Nation Turnpike, only 2.5 hours north of Downtown Dallas and 2.5 hours southeast of Oklahoma City. This premier ranch consists of approximately 1,940 acres made up of pasture, mountainous terrain, lakes...
S.E. OK Cattle Ranch. Runs 500 cows. Home.
Acres: 2400 +/-
Price: $2,150 per acre
Animal Units: Runs 500 cows
Terms: Cash
Location: S.E. Oklahoma, Hughes County, Oklahoma. Near Holdenville, OK.
Beautiful recently built brick home wi...
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Pärnu mnt 137 office / commercial building to rent office spaces as follows: 1. The second-floor office (Rooms 7) 152.8 m2 (4.5 EUR / m2). Acerage. 2nd floor office (Rooms 2) 55.3 m2 (5,5eur / m2). Acerage. 3. The second floor of the office (2 rooms) 204 m2 (5,2eur / m2). In good condition. Prices do not include VAT and comm. Specifying the conditions, please contact us.
|Property type:
|Total area:
|152 m²
|Direct reference:
|Price / m²:
|Purpose of use:
|Energy certificate:
|no certificate
|Total area:
|152 m²
|Floor / Total floors:
|2 / 2
|Monthly rent:
|If you made monthly loan repayments rather than monthly rental payments, you could buy a home of your own today
Keegi ei saa oma kodu 100% turvaliseks muuta, kuid riske on võimalik maandada. Jaga oma vastutust kindlustusseltsiga. See annab Sulle turvalisema olemise ja leevendab rahaliselt ettenägematust.
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20 October, 14:52
On 14 October 2016, AS Harju Elekter signed a contract for the purchase of the real estate company Kiinteistö Oy Uutvallinkulma. Following the transaction, ...
27 September, 15:36
Concrete Association of Estonia and Association of Construction Material Producers of Estonia have announced the "Concrete Building of the Year 2016" ...


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Sep-2014: Latest Fixed Deposit Interest Rates in India
Latest FD interest rates in India indicate that, in the last one month, banks have been reducing interest rates which is not a good sign for investors. One of the safest fixed income options for all investors is bank fixed deposit schemes. Many of us have been investing in these schemes either for short term or for the long term. Parking money with high Fixed Deposit Interest Rates would be out motive. Any interest rate reduction is a bad news […]» Read more


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Enda Kenny to resign as Taoiseach
Enda Kenny is to travel to Aras an Uachtarain to resign as Taoiseach after failing to get re-elected to the position in a Dáil vote.
The Mayo TD said the Cabinet will continue its work while the various parties try to form a government.
Mr Kenny, Fianna Fáil's Micheál Martin, Sinn Féin's Gerry Adams and AAA-PBP Richard Boyd Barrett were all nominated for the positon of Taoiseach but failed to secure enough votes.
"It's not the outcome that I personally would have liked to see but I respect the verdict of the people," Mr Kenny said.
"The Government and I will continue to carry out our duties until a new Government is elected."
He cited the upcoming commemorations of the 1916 Rising and his St Patrick's Day visit to Washington as two items that he would continue to take part in.
In the medium term he said a government was necessary to deal with the impending Brexit referendum in the UK and issues such as climate change.
Mr Kenny said when Fine Gael and the Labour Party entered government five years "our very survival was in doubt".
"The Government had to face unprecedented sets of difficulties. Many believed the situation was hopeless," he said, adding: "The country is in a different place now."
The outgoing Taoiseach said he was "fully committed" to working with other parities and independents to form a new government.
He added that "a substantial number of people do not want to serve in government".


text: I can't believe the number of phone calls for estimates I have received in the past 2 weeks. I am going out doing at least 2 to 3 estimates a day. I am landing about 60% of the work too. What is funny is that the number of people that complain about the price, tell me they will call me back tomorrow after they talk with it over with their husband/wife (which usually means they are going to say no) and when they do call back they want me to do addition work as well. I am loving it!


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Thoth Amon
Earth's most powerful sorcerer, Lord of the Black Ring and the speaker of Set, this imposing dusky-skinned man leads the snake god's cult in Stygia.
Though a master sorcerer, it is the horrifying powers of Set that help raise him above his Stygian brethren to his unassailable position of power. His dominating will and lust for power are bolstered by his fervent faith and fed by his insidious god.
His face is unknown to most, and is here illustrated by one of his minions.


text: Hello, We use GFS for about 1 year now on a 4 node cluster connected to a SAN. In the past weeks nearly every day we had troubles desribed here: http://www.open-sharedroot.org/faq/troubleshooting-guide/system-failures/the-whole-cluster-freezes/ as "Freeze of filesystem" > There you will not see anything in the syslogs. The only thing you will see is rapidly increasing load on the system an > rapidly increasing amounts of processes in the D State (means waiting for I/O). Here a lock is hung and any process > accessing the resource (normally directory) locked by this lock will end up in the processstate D. Is there any sure way to determine which node causes the lock or any fix for this issue? We use this cluster as web server running apache 2. Thanks in advance Yours Michael


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|Home > Guenna
♀ Guenna
What does Guenna mean?
Guenna [guen-na] as a girls' name is a Welsh name, and Guenna means "fair and smooth; fair bow; blessed ring". Guenna is a variant form of Guinevere (Welsh). Guenna is also a variation of Gwendolen (Welsh).
VARIANTS Gwynna, Gwenny, Gwennie, Gwenni, Gwenna, Guinna, Gaenna
RELATED FORMS VIA GUINEVERE, GWENDOLEN Genna, Gennie, Genny, Guennola, Gwen, Gwenda, Gwenn, Gwennola, Gwennora, Gwenora, Gwynn, Gwynne, Jenni, Jenny▼CREATIVE FORMS
(female) Guenda, Guna, ..
(male) Guene, Guenno, .. MIDDLE NAME PAIRINGS
Guenna Litzy (G.L.), ..
How popular is Guenna?
Guenna is an uncommonly occurring first name for women. Guenna is an equivalently uncommon surname too for both adults and children. (2000 U.S. CENSUS)
Which version is better?with its source forms and related girl names. Prominent varying forms of Guenna (OUTSIDE TOP 2000) ranked in the Top 2000 are Genna, Gennie, Guinevere (#1336 LAST YEAR), Gwen (#746), Gwenda, Gwenn, Gwynne, Jenni and Jenny (#968). These forms of Guenna were favored 45 years ago (ADOPTION OF 0.14%) and have become significantly less popular since (ADOPTION 0.04%, ▼76%). (2015 BIRTH STATISTICS)
Similar Names
Guenna is alike in pronunciation to Gaiana, Gana, Gayna, Geina, Gunna and Gwinna. Other suggested similar names are Brenna▼, Buena, Denna, Duena, Fuenta, Geena, Geenia, Geenya, Gemma▲, Gena▼, Genae, Genaya, Gene▼, Genia, Genie, Genni, Genya, Geonna, Giana, Gianna, Gina▼, Ginia, Ginna, Ginni, Ginny, Ginya, Gionna, Gleana, Glenda▼, Glenn, Glenna▼, Glennda, Glenne, Gretna, Gunne, Gwinn, Gwinne, Jenna▼, Kenna▲, Lenna▼, Luanna, Nenna, Penna, Queena, Quenna, Sienna▲, Sueanna, Tunna, Venna, Vienna▲ and Zenna. These names tend to be more commonly used than Guenna.See names in meaning and etymology.


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MANCHESTER – Ovide Lamontagne continued his pattern of attempting to mislead New Hampshire voters at a debate today hosted by the Greater Manchester Chamber of Commerce.
At various points during the debate, Ovide repeated misleading claims about Maggie's fiscally responsible record of balancing the state's budget without an income or sales tax, which she would veto as governor. Ovide's claim about the state deficit has been deemed "false" by PolitiFact NH[i] and his statements about spending increases under Maggie Hassan's leadership have also been debunked.[ii] Under Hassan's leadership, the state cut general fund spending and balanced the budget without an income or sales tax.
Ovide also misled about his position on federal stimulus dollars for New Hampshire infrastructure projects. While discussing the Manchester Airport access road project, which was expedited through funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Ovide stated that he would have accepted federal money for the project. But Lamontagne is on record opposing the stimulus, stating "I don't think the stimulus package has really done anything," to help the state and calling for the stimulus bill to be repealed and any unspent money to be returned,[iii] which could have stopped major construction projects like the Manchester Airport access road.
"Ovide Lamontagne is working overtime to mislead New Hampshire voters and distract them from his radical ideas that will hurt middle-class families and our state's economy," said Matt Burgess, Maggie Hassan's campaign manager. "The truth is that Maggie Hassan is the only candidate in this race who has balanced the state budget. She worked with Governor Lynch to cut spending and balance the budget without an income or sales tax, which she would veto as Governor. Meanwhile, Ovide Lamontagne is in lock-step with the Tea Party legislature and would eliminate the guarantee of statewide kindergarten, restrict the right of women to make their own health care decisions, and opt New Hampshire out of Medicare. Maggie will keep New Hampshire moving forward, while Ovide's radical ideas will take our state backwards."
Lamontagne's attempts to mislead at today's debate are part of a pattern of untruthful statements throughout the campaign, including a recent attempt to hide his role as a tobacco lobbyist. During a debate last Sunday hosted by the New Hampshire Police Association, Lamontagne stated, "By the way, contrary to what you have heard on the television ads, the negative ads, I am not a lobbyist. Maggie has never seen me, in the six years she was in Concord, with a yellow or an orange badge.''
However, The Lobby NH reported that: "Lamontagne is managing partner of the Manchester law firm of Devine and Millimet that has one of the biggest lobbying practices at the State House… [T]he Republican nominee has infrequently lobbied on an individual basis for Devine clients. His most recent appearance, however, came on March 8, 2006, when he testified before the Senate Ways and Means Committee against a proposed tax on cigarette manufacturers. In 2006, Hassan was in the State Senate during her first of three, two-year terms."[iv]
"Ovide Lamontagne stood before a group of law enforcement officials and tried to mislead them about his role as a tobacco lobbyist, another glaring example in his ongoing pattern of misleading New Hampshire voters about his radical agenda," added Burgess.
Ovide Lamontagne has said he would be a "radically different" governor than Governor Lynch[v], with extreme positions like rejecting federal funds for local schools[vi] and ignoring rising tuition costs caused by cuts to higher education.[vii] He supports plans to dismantle Medicare[viii], criminalize abortion and limit insurance coverage for birth control[ix], and defund Planned Parenthood, increasing costs for critical health care services for New Hampshire women and families.[x]
[iii] [WMUR, 8/10/10, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KGyEfRJ-Rc; Lamontagne Op-ed, Union Leader, 7/14/09]
[iv] [The Lobby NH, 10/17/12, http://www.thelobbynh.com/electioninsider/979734-382/did-lamontagne-mislead-voters-about-his-tobacco.html]
[v] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkr_WSOovsk&feature=relmfu
[vi] Ovide rejected federal money to help K-12 NH public schools raise educational standards [Concord Monitor, 8/9/2010] and has said he would do it again [WGIR, 7/24/2012]
[vii] Ovide has said tuition increases were not of "utmost concern" [WMUR, 9/6/2012]
[viii] Ovide supports Paul Ryan's voucher program to end Medicare as we know it [NH Farm Bureau, 8/2012]; believes state legislature should opt-out of Medicare and run program itself [Union Leader, 2/10/2012]
[ix] Supports a "Human Life Amendment" that outlaws all abortion, and even some forms of birth control and fertility treatments [Cornerstone debate, 6/5/2010]
[x] Ovide supports Bill O'Brien's decision to completely eliminate Planned Parenthood funding [NHPTV, 2012]


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- lion's den
Date: 1680
a place or state of extreme disadvantage, antagonism, or hostility <he deliberately…entered the lion's den — making his Shakespearean debut in London — John Heilpern>
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
Lion's Den — may refer to: * Lion s Den, Zimbabwe, a village in the province of Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe * Lion s den (figurative), an expression originating from the Biblical story of Daniel in the lion s den * Lion s Den (mixed martial arts), the name of… … Wikipedia
Lion's Den — est un court métrage américain de 25 minutes, réalisé par Bryan Singer et John Ottman, sorti en 1988. Il s agit du premier film de Bryan Singer, à 23 ans. Sommaire 1 Synopsis 2 Distribution 3 À propos du film … Wikipédia en Français
lion's den — noun [singular] : a place or situation in which someone must deal with an angry person or group of people He knew that he would be facing an angry crowd, but he entered the lion s den without hesitating … Useful english dictionary
lion's den — noun a) the lair of a lion b) any dangerous or frightening place … Wiktionary
Lion's Den (nightclub) — Lion s Den was a music club located at 214 Sullivan Street, between Bleecker Street and West 3rd Street, in the Greenwich Village section of New York City. It opened in 1990 and closed in December, 2007. Performers included Ben Folds, Howie Day,… … Wikipedia
Lion's Den (The Outer Limits) — Lion s Den is an episode of the seventh season of The Outer Limits . It aired on September 8, 2001 and was written and directed by Matt Hastings. Plot A pressured high school wrestling coach gives his team an experimental new drug to help them… … Wikipedia
Lion's Den, Zimbabwe — Lion s Den is a village in the province of Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe. It is located about 24 km north west of Chinhoyi on the main Harare Chirundu road. It is an agricultural area with cattle, tobacco, maize and cotton being farmed … Wikipedia
Lion's Den (film) — Lion s Den is a 1988 short film directed by Bryan Singer, his first film as a director. The film is about five guys meeting up at their old hang out spot after finishing their first semester of college, the film is 25 minutes in length. Ethan… … Wikipedia
Lion's Den (mixed martial arts) — MMA Training Associations|teamname=The Lion s Den imagesize = 250px founder=Ken Shamrock owners= trainers=Ken Shamrock Guy Mezger Lion s Den (Dallas) dateestablished =N/A titleholders=Roy Nelson IFL Heavyweight Champion… … Wikipedia
Lion's Den State — Tennessee … Eponyms, nicknames, and geographical games


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Canada's Long Gun Registry
February 10, 2012 by staff
Canada's Long Gun Registry, If Stephen Harper had his way – which he will when the Conservatives kill Canada's long-gun registry next week – police in the Victoria suburb of Saanich wouldn't have been able to solve their big weapons case so quickly.
Seems odd then that just as police were showing off the 159 guns seized from a Saanich home, Green party leader Elizabeth May was rising in the House of Commons this week to fight a desperate rearguard action to save the registry.
Alas for Saanich-Gulf Islands MP May and the police who see the registry as a public safety issue, the data bank is about to be collapsed, its gun-ownership records shredded.
But it's not as though putting a bullet in the gun registry is an HST-type surprise sprung upon an unsuspecting public.
Getting rid of it was a Conservative election promise, a popular one at that.
Heaven knows the registry, brought to you by the same Liberal government that somehow managed to even turn the sale of medical marijuana into a money-losing proposition, offered a big, fat political target.
It was supposed to cost a mere $1 million when introduced 17 years ago, but ballooned into a $2-billion boondoggle, with critics complaining about ordinary hunters and ranchers being snagged in a bureaucratic net that was meant to catch trigger-happy Toronto gang bangers.
May herself isn't a big fan. "I've got a lot of constituents who are gun users and they hate the registry," she said from Ottawa. Farmers and sport shooters feel the law treats them like criminals.
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Gangadharan nair Pulingat..
Butterfly - Poem by Gangadharan nair Pulingat..
The wings of the butterflies in beautiful color
Children likes them so much as well as the grown ups
Their flying, their companions, their selection of flowers
All are beautiful to observe as a child's plays
They comes in groups and pairs and flies quite often
The rare scenery which we likes to see
We forget the tensions of life and also pains
That makes us the life miserable and conditioned
The bright, dim and and different colors they looks
More beautiful to see in dawn and near dusk
The nature's talent of creation is so precious
No one can question its total perfection
Alas! its longevity is so small and limited
The death is imminent only a full day
Still it performs well in its glory and pride
Exhibiting the talents throughout the life span
Though short and limited in a brief period
Butterflies are the wonders of world and nature
Just like the rainbows in the open sky we see.
Topic(s) of this poem: love
Poet's Notes about The Poem
Comments about Butterfly by Gangadharan nair Pulingat..
Queeny Gona (5/30/2017 1:19:00 AM)
The joy in playing with those short lived butterflies is inexplicable. The ultimate pleasure drawn in catching them and playing with them is recalled. Beautiful read Sir! (Report) Reply
Akham Nilabirdhwaja Singh (5/24/2017 10:43:00 AM)
Butterflies short lived beauty of creation.A nice work. (Report) Reply
Rose Kanana (9/16/2016 12:17:00 PM)
a beautiful poem symbolized by a beautiful butterfly- i like it (Report) Reply
Sajna Kailas (8/17/2016 10:25:00 AM)
such a pleasure to see them as well reading this... thanks a lot.. (Report) Reply
Wilma De Guzman (8/1/2016 10:34:00 AM)
I like butterflies they are lovely just like your poem sir... (Report) Reply
Unnikrishnan E S (5/23/2016 12:36:00 PM)
Hi Gangadharan Nair,
Tagore has written,
Butterflies have not years
but days to live,
Still still have time enough!
Your lovely poem reminded me of the small poem by Tagore. Thank you. (Report) Reply
Vaidyanathan Ram Iyer (4/16/2016 6:28:00 AM)
Yes its true, watching butterflies makes the heart cool and forget the sorrows. (Report) Reply
Bri Edwards (4/9/2016 6:12:00 AM)
And their special attractions have brought death to many of them at the hands if collectors!
That is why I try not to show myself off, lest I be euthanized and pinned in a museum case!
All kidding aside, I enjoyed poem though I think butterflies all have ability to live for many days, even months in some cases.
Bri ☺ (Report) Reply
Akham Nilabirdhwaja Singh (9/23/2015 9:16:00 AM)
The nature's talent of creation is so precious
no one can question its total perfection-well written (Report) Reply
Dr.tony Brahmin (8/28/2015 4:59:00 AM)
dawn and dusk. how lovely are the butterflies. we forget all our worries. nice ideas dear poet. thank you for allowing me to read your poems (Report) ReplyGangadharan Nair Pulingat (9/23/2015 9:26:00 AM)
Sir, Thanks
Clarence Prince (5/12/2015 1:16:00 PM)
And for nature and its beauty
we should glorify the Creator
God, the unseen Master!
Well done, Gangadharan! (Report) Reply
Bharati Nayak (4/1/2015 12:19:00 AM)
Alas! its longevity is so small and limited
The death is imminent a full day
Still it performs in its glory and pride.- - - -Loved the lines for its intrinsic meaning.A beautiful poem. (Report) Reply
Bharati Nayak (4/1/2015 12:08:00 AM)
The shortness of our life span should not define us.Rather the beauty of our nature and quality of our work should define our life.A beautiful and expressive poem. (Report) Reply
Akhtar Jawad (3/30/2015 5:35:00 PM)
Butterflies are the wonders of world and nature
Just like the rainbows in the open sky we see.
A beautiful poem.......................10 (Report) Reply
Patricia Grantham (3/7/2015 5:27:00 PM)
A truly enjoyed write on the butterfly. I feel the beauty of your write
A life that is short but well lived. Nicely done. (Report) Reply
Heather Wilkins (10/24/2014 6:06:00 PM)
butterflies are beautiful creatures of God's kingdom nice writing (Report) Reply
Amitava Sur (5/31/2014 8:16:00 PM)
the similarity drawn with that of a rainbow was very nice and enjoyed (Report) Reply
Pradip Chattopadhyay (5/23/2014 2:48:00 AM)
they truly bring great joys to the beholders, lovely write. (Report) Reply
Patricia Grantham (5/22/2014 9:08:00 AM)
Enjoyed your poem on butterflies. We see these beautiful insects
fly in an array of colors. There lives are short lived but so much is
accomplished in this short span of life. Lighting upon flowers, trees
and shrubbery all the day long to be gazed upon by humans. (Report) Reply
Mallika Achuthan Menon (4/25/2014 1:01:00 PM)
Butterflies are friends of colours...You have depicted
their span of life so nicely...Really liked this poem, so well
written! Thank you! (Report) Reply
Read this poem in other languages
This poem has not been translated into any other language yet.
I would like to translate this poem »
Gangadharan nair Pulingat..'s Other Poems
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A Dream Within A Dream
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About the Book
Published by the Painting and Printmaking Department at Virginia Commonwealth University in conjunction with the exhibition, "Interaction 37".
The artists in the exhibition are graduating seniors enrolled in Senior Seminar, Fall 2010
Features & Details
- Category Fine Art
Small Square, 7×7 in, 18×18 cm
44 Pages
- Publish Date Nov 12, 2010
- Tags fine arts, professional practice, painting, drawing, printmaking, portfolio
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About the Creator
Reni Gower
Richmond, VA
Profesor Reni Gower teaches Painting, Drawing, and Professional Practice in the Painting and Printmaking Department at Virginia Commonwealth University. In addition to her studio practice, she curates award winning traveling exhibitions.
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text:
Lane Ochi DDS
Primary tabs
Lane M. Ochi D.D.S., F.A.C.D., F.I.C.D., graduated with honors from the University of Southern California in 1981. He holds Fellowships in the Pierre Fauchard Academy, the American College of Dentists and the International College of Dentists.
He has lectured to national and international audiences on the subject of aesthetic restorative dentistry and occlusion. He has been selected by the Consumers' Research Council of America as one of "America's Top Dentists". Named in "The Best Dentists in America", who selected him following an exhaustive peer-review survey in which the nation's top dentists confidentially evaluated their professional colleagues. And, was selected by his peers as an outstanding practicing dentist in Southern California, and named in Super Dentists.
Dr. Ochi maintains a full time private practice in Beverly Hills with an emphasis on physiologic and aesthetic restorative dentistry. His patients include Academy Award winners, and some of the most recognized names in the entertainment business.
Dr. Ochi is currently the longest continuing sponsor of La Grange, and and can be reached at his office at 310 275-4491.


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By Bob Nightengale, USA TODAY
PHOENIX Spring training traditionally brings hope and unbridled optimism for baseball teams, but it's also a time where departed players love to rip their former organizations.
Boston Red Sox pitcher Brad Penny blasted the Los Angeles Dodgers' organization to Yahoo Sports on Monday for refusing to back him, and Dodgers third-base coach Larry Bowa came firing back Tuesday.
GAME ON! VIDEO: USA TODAY Baseball Editor Peter Barzilai breaks down spring training with blogger Reid Cherner
"You mean the same guy who was never on time, out of shape, and has one complete game," Bowa said loudly in front of a group of reporters. "He has more stuff to worry about in the AL East than me. He has to worry about getting people out. He was never on top, was out of shape, and never helped the kids out. …
"He never watched the game [while on the DL]. Jason Schmidt watched the games. Nomar Garciaparra watched the games. Mark Sweeney watched the games. You go right down the line, everybody who was on the DL watched the games, but not him. He was out of there."
Penny actually had three complete games, but it didn't stop Bowa from making his point.
Dodgers GM Ned Colletti declined comment, but manager Joe Torre joked, and said:
"I'll write about that in my next book."
Penny, by the way, had this to say to Yahoo!: "A lot of stuff went on last year. There were a few people I didn't get along with on the coaching staff that don't respect people. I mean, me and Joe [Torre] got along fine. I just feel like nobody had my back there. You're in the clubhouse and you have players coming up to you saying coaches are saying this to them about you. And that's just not a good situation to be in. ...
"I'm so glad to be out of there. I think it was the right thing for me and them."
Meanwhile, in much tamer news at Dodger camp, outfielder Andre Ethier reached a settlement on a one-year contract for $3.1 million with $100,000 worth of incentives before the scheduled start of an arbitration hearing Tuesday morning.
Ethier was seeking $3.75 million while the Dodgers offered $2.65 million.
"Neither side was tremendously happy with it," Colletti said, "the earmark of a successful agreement."
Ethier batted a team-leading .305 with 20 homers and a .325 average with runners in scoring position last year, and was second on the club with 77 RBI and 90 runs scored.
"It was a little annoying and frustrating," Ethier said, "you'd think things could have been resolved earlier. Sometimes it takes putting on the suits and calling each other's bluffs to get it done."
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.