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Headbands with ear flaps and earmuffs – Headbands protect your forehead and ears from wind and cold
No matter if they are used as sweatbands or as thermal headbands: Sports headbands are perfectly suitable for bicycle tours throughout the year
Headbands and bandanas protect your forehead and ears from getting chilled and thus offer perfect conditions for chilly days. Some headbands come with a windproof or wind-repellent membrane or a fleece inside for even better insulation and protection from wind. Moreover, breathable fabrics allow for fast wicking of excess moisture and heat during sports, while keeping you warm during breaks.
Brave the wind with this GORE BIKE WEAR UNIVERSAL GWS headband. Thanks to a flat design, this headband can also be worn underneath a helmet. Details: • Windproof and water-repellent thanks to GORE WINDSTOPPER SOFTSHELL membrane • Flat seams • Elastic insert at the back of the head • Contour fit with longer ear flaps • Reflective elements Material: 100% polyester Insert: 87% polyamide, 13% elastane Membrane: 100% ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) Manufacturer's ref.: ABIKHT GORE WINDSTOPPER SOFTSHELL: This combination of SOFTSHELL and GORE WINDSTOPPER membrane offers best protection from cold and wind. It combines the windproof and water-repellent properties of the membrane with the comfort, freedom of movement and breathability of the SOFT SHELL material. It is thus excellently suitable for sports activities in changeable weather.
Headband made of PRO FIBRE Thermo material with windbreaker material on forehead. Anatomic shape, reaches over the ears. Material: 89% polyester, 11% elastane PRO FIBRE® THERMO functional material: · double-layer material construction: the inside provides fast moisture absorption, the outside guarantees fast moisture transfer and redrying thanks to its open-pore mesh structure · shape-retaining and easy-care · brushed inside for optimal warmth retention
The X-BIONIC HEADBAND HIGH ensures a controlled distribution of sweat to cool the head. A headband for all seasons. Details: • AIRCONDITIONING SPOT on temples to keep them warm • 3D-BIONICSPHERE SYSTEM on forehead for moisture management Material: 88% polyamide, 7% elastane, 5% polypropylene Manufacturer's ref.: O100460 AIRCONDITIONING SPOT: A fine, circular knitted fabric on quickly and heavily sweating zones ensures that moisture is quickly wicked away to the outside to evaporate without you risking to get chilled. 3D-BIONICSPHERE SYSTEM: The 3D-BIONICSPHERE SYSTEM zones guarantee effective ventilation. Moisture is quickly wicked away to ensure a dry and cool feel. When you are not sweating, insulating air pockets protect you from getting chilled.
The WINDSTOPPER headband by Löffler offers best protection from headwind. The TRANSTEX lining absorbs sweat before it can get into the eyes. In this way, you can fully enjoy your summer tours. Details: • Headband with windproof, water-repellent and breathable GORE WINDSTOPPER ACTIVE SHELL membrane • TRANSTEX lining inside • Reflective elements Material: 58% polyester, 42% polyamide TRANSTEX: 60% cotton, 40% polypropylene Membrane: inner and outer laminate: 100% polyester, membrane: 100% polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) Manufacturer's ref.: 10145 GORE WINDSTOPPER ACTIVE SHELL: This membrane is a perfect protective layer in bad weather. It is absolutely windproof and thus protects you from getting chilled. Moreover, its very high breathability makes sure the water vapour is wicked away quickly to guarantee a cool and dry feeling. Thanks to its water-repellent features, it also withstands light rain showers. TRANSTEX: The inner layer made of polypropylene wicks sweat away from the skin and remains dry itself. The outer layer made of cotton absorbs moisture and guarantees constant evaporation.
The BRILLIANT 2.0 headband by CRAFT keeps you warm and dry. Thanks to its flat finish, it can be ideally worn under the helmet, too. Details: • Headband made from breathable functional material • Good warmth retention • Reflective elements Material: 87% polyester, 13% elastane Manufacturer's ref.: 1904303
The WINDSTOPPER SOFTSHELL LIGHT headband by Löffler is windproof, water-repellent, fast-drying and breathable - it offers your ears reliable and effective protection from cold. Details: • Headband with THERMO-INSIDEVELOUR • Windproof, insulating and breathable thanks to GORE WINDSTOPPER SOFTSHELL LIGHT membrane on forehead • Colourblock • Ear flaps • TRANSTEX lining • Reflective elements Material: 55% polyamide, 40% polyester, 5% elastane GORE WINDSTOPPER SOFTSHELL LIGHT membrane: 100% PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) TRANSTEX lining: 40% cotton, 31% polyester, 29% polypropylene Manufacturer's ref.: 14074 GORE WINDSTOPPER SOFTSHELL LIGHT: A windproof and water-repellent membrane that is especially designed for outdoor activities and sport. Thanks to its fast-drying properties and high breathability, this membrane even offers high comfort on exhausting stages. THERMO-INSIDEVELOUR: The highly elastic materials with excellent two-way stretch retain their shape and provide high freedom of movement for pleasant wearing comfort. THERMO-INSIDEVELOUR is slightly brushed inside, insulating, breathable, fast-drying, sturdy and easy-care. TRANSTEX: The inner layer made of polypropylene wicks sweat away from the skin and remains dry itself. The outer layer made of cotton absorbs moisture and guarantees constant evaporation.
The Löffler Thermosoft headband with a wind stop at the forehead reliably protects you from cold wind on your next tour. Details: • Elastic Thermosoft headband made from THERMOSOFT with TRANSTEX lining • Fast-drying • Insulating • Wind protection in front area • Ear flaps • Reflective elements Material: 95% polyamide, 5% elastane Inside: 60% cotton, 40% polypropylene TRANSTEX lining: 60% cotton, 40% polypropylene Manufacturer's ref.: 09106 THERMOSOFT: THERMOSOFT is an elastic knit construction with integrated climate function made by Löffler. The functional material guarantees high freedom of movement and comfort. Its special absorbing function allows better sweat transport. This keeps your skin dry and provides a pleasant feeling of warmth. TRANSTEX: The inner layer made of polypropylene wicks sweat away from the skin and remains dry itself. The outer layer made of cotton absorbs moisture and guarantees constant evaporation.
Keep your ears warm on cold days with the Melbu Headband IV by VAUDE. This headband with trendy stripes is produced in an environmentally friendly and fair manner and offers good warmth thanks to a soft fleece lining. Details: • Headband made from RENEWABLE MATERIALS with a high content of WOOL • Lined with soft fleece • Stripes Material: 50% wool, 50% polyacrylics Lining: 100% polyester Manufacturer's ref.: 40249 RENEWABLE MATERIALS : VAUDE uses renewable resources of animal or plant origin to produce these products. This helps them save fossil raw materials. For more details see the care label inside the garment. WOOL: WOOL products are partially or entirely made from the natural fibre wool. VAUDE exclusively uses mulesing-free wool. MADE IN GERMANY: Concept, development and production from a single source, from Germany. With VAUDE, Made in Germany stands for aesthetic design and high quality. GREEN SHAPE: VAUDE's quality seal for products which are produced in a particularly environmentally friendly way. As there is no worldwide standard for the assessment of organic products, VAUDE has developed an own rating system for environmentally friendly outdoor products with strictest criteria. GREEN SHAPE labelled products are made from sustainable materials and with resource-conserving production methods. The criteria are not only strict, but are also continuously reviewed and involve the entire product life cycle ranging from development through to product care and recycling after use. The aim of this rating system is to minimize the environmental impact.
With the MESH headband by Löffler you'll also be able to see everything on hot days. The breathable RACE MESH material keeps your face free from annoying hairs and sweat. Details: • Headband made of light, breathable RACE MESH material • Reflective elements Material: 100% polyester Manufacturer's ref.: 17744
The ELASTIC headband by Löffler offers perfect protection on summer tours. It is made of breathable ELASTIC material and features a TRANSTEX lining and thus ensures best moisture management when worn underneath a helmet. Details: • Headband made of fast-drying, breathable ELASTIC material • TRANSTEX lining on the inside • Reflective elements Material: 80% polyamide, 20% elastane TRANSTEX: 60% cotton, 40% polypropylene Manufacturer's ref.: 09015 ELASTIC: Two-way stretch, sturdy, fast-drying and easy-care TRANSTEX: The inner layer made of polypropylene wicks sweat away from the skin and remains dry itself. The outer layer made of cotton absorbs moisture and guarantees constant evaporation.
The X-BIONIC headband is the perfect choice for all those who want to maintain a clear view during exhausting sections, too. This comfortable headband quickly absorbs sweat and wicks it away thanks to the SWEATTRAPS. For a pleasantly dry feeling. Details: • SWEATTRAPS on forehead • Highly elastic binding adapts to every head shape Material: 88% polyamide, 7% elastane, 5% polypropylene Manufacturer's ref.: O020288 SWEATTRAPS: The SWEATTRAPS effectively absorb moisture and let it evaporate. However, a thin film of moisture that cannot be noticed is left on the skin for cooling.
The sweat-absorbing UNIVERSAL headband by GORE BIKE WEAR guarantees a cool head. The cooling functional material provides optimum temperature and moisture management under your helmet. Details: • elastic headband made from GORE SELECTED FABRICS • flat seams • reflective elements Material: 92% polyamide, 8% elastane Mesh: 94% polyamide, 6% elastane Manufacturer's ref.: HEPOWE GORE SELECTED FABRICS: The high-quality fabrics were specially selected for particularly high wearing comfort, durability and absolute performance. A particularly high level of freedom of movement with a great wearing feel underscore the high GORE quality.
The Summer Sweatband by GripGrab is the ideal companion for warm days. Thanks to the light, breathable technical material, sweat is absorbed fast and wicked off to the outside. In this way, a pleasantly dry wearing feeling under the helmet is guaranteed. Details: • Sweat-absorbing headband made from light, breathable technical material • Fits under the helmet Material: 80% polyester, 20% elastane Manufacturer's ref.: 5023
The VERTIGO headband by JACK WOLFSKIN promises pleasant warmth. Thanks to the NANUK 200 fleece, this headband will keep you ears warm on cold days. Details: • Headband made of warm NANUK 200 fleece • Wide cut on back of the head and ears Material: 100% polyester Manufacturer's ref.: 1906031 NANUK 200: This JACK WOLFSKIN fleece offers high insulation for cold days or cool summer evenings thanks to a material thickness of 200-300g/m².
The PAC FLEECE HEADBAND offers more than you would expect at the first sight. It can be worn as a headband or as a scarf, reliably protects from cold and wet weather and can be used with different degrees of insulation thanks to its reversible design. A versatile accessory. Details: • made from PONTETORTO stretch fleece • can be worn as a headband or as a scarf • a two-layer system forms air cushions for improved insulation • thanks to the reversible design, there are different warming levels on the inside and the outside • antibacterial • high moisture transport • breathable • odour-inhibiting • extra warm • seamless • thermoregulating • slightly wind-repellent Material: 100% polyester Manufacturer's ref.: enia – 8820-234 total black – 8820-027 PONTETORTO: Stretch fleece with a smooth outside and a fleece inside that is especially suitable for close-fitting clothes.
The SUMMER HEADBAND by PAC is the perfect choice for outdoor activities in summer. It is breathable, thermoregulating and absolutely comfortable. Details: • Multifunctional scarf made of MICROFIBRE • Antibacterial, odour-neutralizing SILVER+ treatment • Seamless • High moisture transport • Breathable • Fast-drying • Thermoregulating • UV protection • Made in Germany Material: 100% polyester Manufacturer's ref.: 8860 MICROFIBRE: The synthetic fibre made of polyester ensures durable products with good heat exchange. SILVER+: The SILVER+ treatment offers textiles a unique hygiene and fresh effect and thus ensures antibacterial protection. Moreover, the treatment with SILVER+ prevents bacteria growth and thus the formation of unpleasant odours.


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Date Time Field: Ability to keep current date even when editing submissions.Asked by XSquire on August 25, 2016 at 02:54 AM
Hi. When I return to a form to edit it at a later date my "Current Date" field remains at the date of the original form submission. Is there any way to override this so that the actual current date shows? I already have the date field set to display "current date".
JotForm Support
To summarise your request, There is a dateTime field on your form and it has a default value of the current date. However, If your customers edit your form with {edit_link} function at a later date it is showing the previous date as a current date. Unfortunately, when you click the Edit submission link it is prepopulating the previous data. You need to change it manually while you're re-submitting the form.
I've tested it with the current time. It showing the previous data when I click on the edit submission as you see below:
If you have any question or issues, please do not hesitate contacting us. We will be glad to assist you.
Thanks Beril. As several fields in this form rely on the actual current date to calculate correctly I need found a workaround for the date not updating to current date. Is it possible to have the current date updated conditionally at all? Say if "name" is filled then insert current date into "field"?
JotForm Support
I have tested this and even on widgets this works the same way, when you set the current date as default it will work only when you're filling the form the first time, but when you're editing a submission the submitted date will remain so it needs to be manually changed.
Actually, I've tested with conditions and I could not find an option to set up a custom date with conditions, I have also tested with the Form Calculation widget, but I cannot find a function to set a custom date either.
If you want we could escalate this to our second level, the requirement would be to keep the current date value when editing a submission or at least an option to choose between keep the current date or not when editing a submission.
Also, please do note that feature request may take some time to be available.
Please let us know, we will be glad to escalate this thread to our second level.
Cheers Kevin. Please escalate.
JotForm Support
Thank you for the confirmation.
I will forward the thread to our second level now, but, please do note that this make take some time, we cannot ensure a time frame when this can be implemented; however, we will let you know as soon as we receive news regarding this thread.
JotForm Support
To better assist you, I have opened a separate thread for your concern, please refer to this link instead: https://www.jotform.com/answers/920221. I will address it shortly.
Thank you.

subset: commoncrawl


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This Oyster 49 is a superb blue water cruiser with outstanding performance and very spacious accommodation. She has a light and airy deck saloon, a vast aft double berth master cabin and two forward guest berth cabins. 'Ellen Mae' has been very well maintained and sailed extensively in the Med and Scotland by her current owners. This dark blue hulled Oyster 49 is easily sailed shorthanded and allows quick passage-making in a comfortable and quite luxurious yacht. The build up of old antifoul has been removed and the hull has also been re-painted, looks stunning! This is Oyster 49/11 of 15 built.
Woodwork throughout in American white oak and upholstery in green Alcantara. Forward cabin with V berth that converts to a double with infill, hanging lockers, lockers, storage and opening hatch. Door leading through to passage, cabin to starboard with upper and lower berths hanging locker and storage. Opening hatch and portlight. Opposite to port, forward heads. Through to saloon with L shaped settee to starboard with dining table. This table can be extended and provides comfortable dining for six. Curved settee to port, plenty of storage and lockers, opening hatches and portlights. Removable fly screens for portlights, blind for hatches, curtains and fans throuhout. Chart table to starboard with seat,bookshelf and storage. Switch panels and battery switches located next to chart table, door to engine compartment. Linear alley to port, with plenty of storage and walk-through to the master cabin. Double berth offset to port, settee to starboard and en-suite heads. Vanity unit with mirror, hanging lockers, plenty of storage, opening portlights and opening hatch.
Oyster customised cutlery and Wedgewood bone china crockery
Force 10 four burner gas stove with grill and oven
Intellawave LG microwave
Front opening fridge
Top loading freezer
Double stainless steel sinks
Hot and cold water system
Plenty of storage
Opening portlight
Forward and aft heads
Both fitted with:
Jabsco marine toilet
Separate shower compartment
Hot and cold water system
Opening hatch and portlight
Holding tank
Engine instruments
Sidepower bow thruster controls at helm
Raymarine ST6001+ autopilot at helm
Autopilot has type 2 long 24V linear drive and type 400G 24V course computer
Raymarine RL70c radar and plotter repeater at helm
Quick chain counter at helm
Raymarine ST60 log in cockpit
Raymarine ST60 wind in cockpit
Raymarine ST60 depth in cockpit
Raymarine ST60 multi at chart table
Raymarine RL80c colour plotter and radar at chart table
RayNav 300 GPS at chart table
Navtex Nav6 at chart table
Raymarine 230E class D DSC VHF radio
Furuno dual VHF radio at chart table/cockpit
Iridium satellite phone
Pioneer FM radio/CD with saloon and cockpit speakers
SIRS Major helm compass
Clock and barometer
LED masthead light
In mast main sail by Dolphin Sails
Furling genoa with foam luff and UV strip by Dolphin Sails
Cruising chute with squeezer
Spinnaker pole mounted on mast
Harken furling system for main sail and genoa
Manual backstay adjuster
Selden keel stepped mast
Two Lewmar 64 electric self-tailing winches
Two Lewmar 40 selftailing halyard winches (portside electric)
Two Lewmar 40 self-tailing mast winches
Yanmar 4JH3-TE 75hp diesel engine
Engine hours 2,728
Yamaha 8hp outboard (2007)
MaxProp 3 bladed feathering prop (55cm)
Yanmar 55A 12V alternator for engine batteries
Mastervolt 150A 24V for domestic batteries
Sleipner Sidepower 10HP bow thruster
Shore power socket
6 x 6V domestic batteries giving 230Ah
Additional 230Ah battery
2 X 12v engine batteries giving 88Ah
2500W invertor
Mastervolt 75Ah battery charger
Battery management monitor
Mastervolt MICC battery control unit
Calorifier with 76lt tank heated by the engine or 2kW immerser
Seagull IV water filter
Dessalator D60 water maker (816 hours)
Webasto warm air cabin heating system
Whitlock steering wheel with leather trim
Sprayhood with stainless steel grab rail
Helm and table cover
Folding cockpit table
Teak seating and cockpit sole
Stainless steel pulpit and pushpit
Stainless steel stanchions with twin guard wires
Port and starboard gates
Transom gate
Teak deck
Lewmar Ocean 3 electric anchor windlass
60lb CQR anchor with 80m 10mm chain
Teak and stainless steel quarter seats
Two outboard brackets
Deck lights
Stainless steel outboard hoist
Avon RIB
Whittal manual davits
Stern platform with teak slats
Stainless steel swim ladder
Removable passerelle
Deck shower with hot and cold water
Stern lockers
self draining deck stowage locker
Two bottle (6kg propane) gas locker
Various warps and fenders
McMurdo EPIRB G5 Smartfind 406 (2015)
Lifeguard Forties 6 man liferaft
Two horseshoe lifebuoys
Firdell Blipper radar reflector
Rope cutter on prop shaft
Manual and electric bilge pumps
Engine compartment automatic fire extinguisher
Emergency tiller
Man overboard button
Gas alarm
Yamaha inflatable and Yamaha 8hp outboard included
Various manuals, spares and tools
During Winter2015 / Spring 2016 this Oyster 49 has had all the old anti-foul removed and the hull epoxied as a preventative measure.
The hull has also been repainted, May 2016, and looks stunning!
Ellen Mae is hull number 11 out of 15 Oyster 49 and was built by McDell Marine, New Zealand. McDell build a number of yachts and motor boats under license for Oyster Marine.
Troon Yacht Haven
Harbour Road
United Kingdom


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2006-10-24 at 4:28:00 pm #16686
Epson challenged in patent battle
cartridge market set for court ruling as import company refuses to back
down.A court battle is set to determine the future of the UK ink
cartridge market with the possibility of a landmark legal decision over
patent rights.The outcome of the litigation could lead to a change in
the shape of the imaging industry if a court rules against Seiko Epson
Corporation (SEC) in its patent dispute with Medea International, an
import firm based in Dundee, Scotland.Earlier this year, SEC commenced
a series of legal proceedings against smaller rivals it claimed were
infringing its UK patent rights.But directors at Medea claim their
Inkrite PhotoPlus cartridges do not infringe on Epson products and
insist "our system, our process and the basic scientific principles
used for its operation are fundamentally different".In August, Epson
succeeded in agreeing to settle a separate intellectual property rights
action against a UK-based internet retailer, Recharge Inkjet
Technologies, which traded online as CartridgeMonkey.As part of the
agreement, Recharge agreed not to infringe Epson's patents and
registered designs and to make a substantial settlement payment to
Epson.But news of the impending court battle could seriously handicap
Epson's continued efforts to clean up the cartridge market as potential
rivals wait for the judge's decision with interest.
industry expert Jim Forrest, a senior analyst at Lyra Research, told
OPI: "If the court decision does go against Epson I would imagine we
would be seeing a lot more Epson compatible products hitting the
market."Before they started issuing lawsuits the floodgates were open
and the company has been successful in dramatically reducing this
market. However, if they lose the case the clock will be reset and the
dozens and dozens of companies that were affected by the threat of
legal action will be returning to the market."Epson has been extremely
successful in taking a lot of these compatibles off the market with
these lawsuits. However, this is the first time to the best of my
knowledge that a company has refused to settle and back down. I'm
surprised that they've decided to fight the battle."This is a high-risk
strategy for Medea but it certainly could be counter-productive for
Epson."Epson – one of the top four printer manufacturers together with
Canon, Hewlett-Packard and Lexmark – announced it means business when
it comes to protecting its patents.Epson claims that Medea, a computer
consumables distributor in the UK and Europe, has infringed on patents
belonging to Epson by importing ink cartridges compatible with Epson
printers into the UK. Medea sells these imported cartridges in the UK
under a number of brands, including Inkrite PhotoPlus.In a press
statement, Epson insists Medea's imported cartridges have a spongeless
valve design which it claims is too similar to Epson's patented Smart
Valve Technology.Seiichi Hirano, CEO of the Imaging Products Operations
Division at Seiko Epson, said: "We do not take the decision to litigate
against another company lightly. However, to protect our technology
against the various claims being made by Medea International and by its
continued acts of importation into the UK which infringe Epson's UK
patents and which undermine the benefits provided to our customers,
Epson has been forced into taking the decision of starting UK patent
infringement proceedings."Third-party companies currently have 38
percent market share in unit terms and 24 percent in revenue terms – a
modest figure because their cartridges are cheaper to buy.Managing
Director at Medea International, Yusuf Okhai, told OPI: "Perhaps SEC
are all too aware that when customers compare Inkrite to Epson OEM
cartridges, they will also make the smart decision and use that product
that gives them the highest 'bang per buck', and perhaps SEC don't feel
altogether confident that an informed consumer will choose to use their
high priced products – so they choose to revert to using corporate
bullying tactics, trying to squash the competitors with endless legal
documents and claims that most can ill afford."However, we are going to
defend our products and our investment. We can only hope that the
consumer will take a look at what we have to offer and get the chance
to make up their own minds. If people like us don't challenge this
monopolistic market that the OEMs will always try to protect using
these restrictive measures, only the consumer will pay."The most common
question we are asked is how it is possible for a small company to
produce what we refer to as superior technology."Simply put, 'Necessity
is the mother of invention'. If we made millions of dollars from
selling 10-year-old technology at extortionate prices by maintaining an
artificial monopoly, I don't think I would spend the time, energy,
effort and money to make something better."But we don't – we need to
innovate to survive. We need to deliver consistently more for a price
that is consistently less in order to sell against the giants of this
industry. So we are still fighting our corner, and will continue to do


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On each category you can set a Category template style, a Top post style (grids) and a module type for article listing. Also each top post style (grids) have 5 different look style. You can mix them to create a beautiful and unique category page.
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BBC News
3 months ago
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Why an American went to Cuba for cancer care
Will a tax on foreign buyers help cool it off? ... See MoreSee Less
Toronto has one of the hottest housing markets in the world
Fox News faces a bigger problem than sexual harassment lawsuits: how to cover the man in the White House. ... See MoreSee Less
Trump or Trumpism? A conservative dilemma
Watch the birth of the last baby orca born in captivity, at SeaWorld. 🐳 ... See MoreSee Less
"Stay back... the area's dangerous." Police clear the Champs Elysees in central Paris following a gun battle in which one police officer was killed. bbc.in/2pIdJh5 ... See MoreSee Less
Police clear Champs Elysee


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This spring, Florence Reiss Kraut, Jeanette Gould and Jeanne Chinard, students in my 'Writing for Digital Media' class, read their work at one of the many readings held at the Sarah Lawrence campus in Bronxville, NY.
Left to Right: Florence Reiss Kraut, Jeanette Gould, Tessa Smith McGovern, and Jeanne Chinard.
Jeanne Chinard
An award-winning advertising executive, Jeanne is Creative Director for La Prairie in New York City by day, and a poet and short story writer by night. Her blog – for women who won't take old for an answer – is a wonder.
Listen to Jeanne's reading: Three Short Shorts by Jeanne Chinard
Jeanette Gould
Jeanette is writing a memoir based in Miami in the 1960's tentatively titled 'A Fifties' Tale'. Her writing transports the reader instantly to the sights and sounds of that place and time, and her narrative voice has a sweetness even as she describes some of the injustices she experienced in pre-feminist America.
Listen to Jeanette's reading: A Fifties Tale EXCERPT by Jeanette Gould
Florence Reiss Kraut
Florence has been published many times and is currently at work on a collection of linked short stories tentatively titled 'Generations'. A retired social worker, many of her stories pack a punch that would shock even the most jaded reader, but her compassion for her characters never falters. Florence blogs about the process of linking short stories HERE.
Listen to Florence's reading: How to Make a Life by Florence Reiss Kraut


text:
I may not have to worry about this event, but for the people who will be here to live through this event, here we have a snapshot of what is to come.
In 2029, a football field-sized asteroid is going to fly so close to Earth that it's going to trigger a series of massive avalanches. Amy explains why we Earthlings have nothing to worry about.
Enjoy and share…..


text:
Taraji P. Henson Peta
January 13, 2012 by staff
Taraji P. Henson Peta, Olivia Munn has become the latest celebrity to bare all for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA).
In her first n*de photo shoot, the 31-year-old actress poses au naturel next to a fluffy bunny for the animal activists' latest 'I'd Rather Go N*ked Than Wear Fur' billboard. Munn has also filmed a video exposing the Chinese fur industry.
"As a proud person of Chinese descent, it broke my heart to learn just how terribly animals suffer and die on Chinese fur farms and that there are no penalties for this abuse," a website quoted her as saying.
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.


text:
All brick building in Great location in Woodstock Historical central business district across from Downtown theater & near Metra. 1360 sqft main flr + 1360 sqft mostly finished basement. Newer 220 Electric w/breakers, newer A/C, plumbing, water heater, sump pump & roof. Sound Insulated walls, thermal pane windows. Multiple phone line box + Wired w/Brinks Alarm system. Interior walls not load bearing.Many Possibilities! MAKE OFFER!
The listing information set forth on this site is based upon information which we consider reliable, but because it has been supplied by third parties to our franchisees (who in turn supplied it to us) , we cannot represent that it is accurate or complete, and it should not be relied upon as such. The offerings are subject to errors, omissions, changes, including price, or withdrawal without notice. All dimensions are approximate and have not been verified by the selling party and cannot be verified by Sotheby's International Realty Affiliates LLC. It is recommended that you hire a professional in the business of determining dimensions, such as an appraiser, architect or civil engineer, to determine such information.


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Macleod Football Club
|Macleod Football Club
|Full name
|Macleod Football Club
|The Kangaroos
|2014 season
|Leading goalkicker
|Nick Lynch (36)
|Club details
|Gold, White and Blue
|Northern Football League
|Michael Lovett
|Garry Ramsay
|Justin 'scooter' White / Hamish '42' Paynter
|De Winton Park
|Other information
|Official website
Macleod Football Club is an Australian rules football club in Rosanna, Victoria, currently competing in Division 1 of the Northern Football League.
In 1946, Macleod F.C formed from humble beginnings Mr Harold Busbridge, who was the station master at the Macleod railway station, approached some local identities with the view to forming a football club in the local area.
Interest in forming a club gathered momentum and at the next meeting it was decided unanimously to begin fund-raising and purchase jumpers and socks for the newly formed Macleod Football Club. Nick George, who later became Macleod's first captain, suggested the colours be blue and white as he had played at North Melbourne in the VFL for two years. The colours registered were royal blue jumpers with a white collar and cuffs, royal blue socks with white tops. Later the jumper changed to royal blue and white vertical stripes, as per the North Melbourne jumper.
It was decided to play homes games at De Winton Park, Rosanna, because Macleod Cricket Club did not have a fence. The club attracted young men from Rosanna and Greensborough and had no problems getting enough numbers to form a senior team (but no reserves) for the 1947 season.
In the early 1960s, there was a tug of war between committee members with half wanting to rename the club Rosanna and the other half wanting to retain the name Macleod. Eventually there was a compromise and the club was renamed Macleod-Rosanna in 1962.
They won their sole first division senior premiership in 1971. After 1971, the club fell on some hard times and despite the best efforts of coaches, players, committees and supporters, slipped back into second division where it remained until winning the premiership in 2009 to earn promotion back into Division 1. In the 1980s, the club was held together by stalwarts such as Geoff Turner, the Hansen family, the Pearn family, the Boland family and the Melican family. It contested the 1982 second division grand final but was beaten by Eltham.
By the mid-1990s, the club was starting to emerge as a force again in the DVFL. It started a successful under-19s side that won a premiership in just its second season (1993, under Jamie Boland) and many of those players have gone on to represent the club with distinction. Former Collingwood ruckman and DVFL star Derek Shaw was appointed coach in 1998 and the club, which had dropped the name 'Rosanna' from its name and reverted to Macleod, made the finals for the first time since 1982 and followed up again in 1999. It also contested finals in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005. The Kangaroos were Division Two Runners Up in 2006, 2007 and 2008 and premiers in 2009. Coached by Wayne Harmes in 2006 and 2007 and by Cristian Brandt in 2008–present
The Macleod Senior Best and Fairest award is named after Tom Melican Sr, a club stalwart and six-time best and fairest.
The jumper Macleod wears are White, Blue and Yellow panels. Accompanied by Blue shorts and Blue socks. In 2010 the club introduced a clash jumper that would be worn when teams wore a similar jumper to theirs.
Junior club[edit]
Macleod formed a successful association with Macleod Junior Football Club and, in 1997, both clubs agreed to wear the same colours – royal blue, white and gold panels – and sing the same theme song. The club has a strong link to the MJFC which fields sides from under-9s to under-17s in the Yarra Junior Football League. MJFC puts almost 300 players on the field each week and has produced AFL players such as Matthew Collins, Jarrod Molloy, Mark Richardson, Robert Scott, Tony Woods, Ron McKeown and the latest great star Michael Hurley. MJFC's under-17s won four successive YJFL Division 1 under-17 premierships (a League record) in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003. In recent years there has been a tremendous influx of some of the most talented players in the Diamond Valley area coming to Macleod seniors. The junior club started an Auskick program in 2002 and there is now a clear pathway from the bottom to the top in the area.


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How to create an Autoresponder?Asked by Cherie Young on June 19, 2015 at 07:20 PM
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text:
"Nine ounces and fourteen ounces, larger than I thought they were," said Cal, as he placed them in his creel.
"Let us try again," said Civil, as he set his creel of mackerel in the boat.
I wanted you to take off that creel and have a turn with me.
You had better let me take your creel, Nelly; it will be nothing to me.
He looked at the quiet stream, at the drooping willows, at the fish rod in his master's hand, and at the creel.
The spools from the spooler are placed on a large frame, called a creel.
His life will be the pleasanter for the interest he takes in theirs, and the skill he acquires in bringing them to bag and creel.
Didn't I desire you to fill the creel to the top, and above it?'
Our friend would beat most opponents in a casting tournament, but I would back many that I know against him in filling a creel.
It would be putting adders in the creel wi the eggs if ye did na.
early 14c., originally Scottish, of unknown origin. Perhaps related to Middle French crille "latticework."


text:
Daredevil season 2 might still have mostly been about the blind lawyer from Hell's Kitchen but there's no doubt that the character of The Punisher stole the first half of the show.
Partly that's down to the fact that he's such a great foil for Daredevil, and it's also down to Jon Bernthal's gritty portrayal of a man with nothing left to lose. Netflix did the proper thing and confirmed a standalone series for Punisher and it might be coming sooner than expected.
A poster on Reddit found this info for The Punisher buried in the Netflix app.
So it might be just a year or so until we see Frank Castle killing it up on the screen again. Considering that Netflix and Marvel already have Iron Fist and The Defenders set for 2017 that would be a lot of series in a single year but the company is ramping up production on its original content so why not keep it all going as much a possible?
Next up is Luke Cage which gets his own standalone series (after appearing in Jessica Jones) which kicks off on September 30th 2016.


text: 4/01/09 4/01/09 POPSUGAR Celebrity POPSUGAR Celebrity Kristen Out and About in Canada April 1, 2009 by Celebrity 0 Shares Chat with us on Facebook Messenger. Learn what's trending across POPSUGAR. View on One Page Photo 0 of 10 Start Slideshow ADVERTISEMENT () Share This Link Copy ← Use Arrows Keys → 0 Kristen Out and About in Canada Previous Next


text:
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Consenting of the vulnerable: the informed consent procedure in advanced cancer patients in Mexico
A topic of great concern in bioethics is the medical research conducted in poor countries sponsored by wealthy nations. Western drug companies increasingly view Latin America as a proper place for clinical research trials. The region combines a large population, modern medical facilities, and low per capita incomes. Participants from developing countries may have little or non alternative means of treatment other than that offered through clinical trials. Therefore, the provision of a valid informed consent is important.
To gain insight about some aspects of the informed consent procedure in a major cancer centre in Mexico, we conducted a three-step evaluation process: 1) a ten point multiple choice survey questionnaires, was used to explore some aspects of the patients' experiences during the informed consent process, 2) researchers' knowledge about specific aspects of the informed consent was evaluated in this study using survey questionnaires; and 3) the comprehensibility, readability and number of pages of the consent forms were analysed. The socioeconomic and educational level of the patients, were also considered. Results were reported using a numerical scale.
Thirty five patients, 20 doctors, and 10 individuals working at the hospital agreed to participate in the study. Eighty three percent of the patients in the study were classified as living in poverty; education level was poor or non existent, and 31% of the patients were illiterate. The consent forms were difficult to understand according to 49% of the patients, most doctors agreed that the forms were not comprehensible to the patients. The average length of the IC documents analysed was 14 pages, and the readability average score was equivalent to 8TH Grade.
The results presented in this work describe some relevant characteristics of the population seen at public health care institutions in Mexico. Poverty, limited or no education, and the complexity of the information provided to the patients may question the validity of the informed consent procedure in this group of patients.
All achievements of modern medicine stem from research. Advances, now taken for granted, were developed through experimentation, which was conducted, for the most part, according to the standards and theories available at the time that it was conducted
Currently, a topic of great concern in medical ethics is the biomedical research being sponsored by wealthy nations and conducted in underprivileged countries. Unequal resource distribution between external research sponsors and health care facilities in developing countries may increase the hazard of exploitation
As has been reported for HIV/AIDS clinical trials in Africa, developing countries may have different motivations to take part in a clinical trial as prospective participants may have little or no alternative means of receiving health care for their conditions, other than that offered through clinical trials; therefore, enforcement of ethical research procedures represents a major goal for clinical research
The 'consent procedure' is associated with the origins of bioethics and is considered that it is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for research on a subject to be ethical
The rationale of the IC according to some, is based on the legal and ethical right that a patient has to be fully informed before he/she accepts what happens to his/her body; and from the ethical duty that physicians have to involve patients in the decision making process regarding their treatment. However, according to others, the IC is the result of changes in the traditional relations of trust
The validity of the informed consent assumes an independent, competent
There are many distinct conceptions of individual autonomy, and their ethical importance varies; ethics committees in the West consider the individual autonomy the main moral principle in the decision-making process of the patients; its influence tends to over-ride the value of other bioethical principles
A central point in either scenario is the need to comprehend the information received before an independent consent is given; consequently, to ensure a sufficient level of understanding of the procedure represents an important challenge during the informed consent procedure.
Experimental cancer treatments require special considerations from different perspectives; many treatments are expensive, and often require to be given for long periods of time. Frequently, during the course of the disease, standard approved treatments are exhausted; therefore, most cancer patients will eventually participate in experimental clinical trials
For patients living in most developing countries, the absence of universal health care coverage results in complex difficulties to access expensive medical treatments; in consequence, front line cancer chemotherapy may not be available for an important number of patients, except if enrolled in a clinical trial
Nowadays, clinical studies for cancer treatment world-wide are mostly funded by pharmaceutical companies
The value and importance of a valid informed consent (in any research involving human beings, and these patients in particular) is without question. In Mexico, the need of an informed consent for patients involved in clinical research is required by law; in research sponsored by international pharmaceutical companies, a careful monitoring of the informed consent procedure is done by international Clinical Research Organizations (CRO), according to the request of the authorities from the countries of the different sponsors
The informed consent forms given to patients enrolled in these research studies are standard forms provided by the sponsor companies. Often, the studies are multicenter trials, or have been previously undertaken in developed countries; therefore, the consent forms are multipage, translated documents, with uniform criteria for all the centers where the trial is being conducted. The IC procedure, through complex documentation, fulfills ethical, regulatory and legal requirements, both for Mexican and International authorities. For the international sponsored clinical research, clinical research organisations (CROs) have an important role making sure that the informed consent procedure is applied according to Good Clinical Research Practices. However, non conclusive information suggest that research participants frequently, may not understand the information presented during the informed consent procedure; therefore, different methodologies to improve understanding during the IC procedure have been tried, however, further research is needed
The purpose of this paper is to assess some aspects of the IC procedure from different perspectives in order to detect possible ways to improve the procedure in the near future, including: 1) experiences regarding the IC of a group of patients enrolled in clinical research trials, 2) doctors' perception about the consent procedure, of international sponsored trials and 3) review of several features from randomly selected consent forms.
With the purpose of assessing clinical research participants' experiences during the informed consent process in the setting of a cancer centre in Mexico; we conducted a prospective analysis of some aspects of the procedure. The study design included the evaluation of ten different consent forms provided by international sponsors and the use of questionnaires to evaluate the informed consent (IC) procedure for patients enrolled in clinical research trials. The protocol had been approved by the hospital Ethics Committee, requiring only a verbal consent for participation of the different subjects in the study.
During a three week period, patients present for routine follow up at the outpatient clinic of the hospital were invited to participate in the survey; after informing the purpose and nature of the study, a verbal consent was obtained. All the participating patients received a short letter, which was read with them (
Survey questionnaires included selected responses to statements (yes or no) and/or multiple options for answers. Participants were able to select more than one statement and to add comments to selected questions.
Additional file 1
The documents presented here were originally written in Spanish; therefore, were not the actual survey documents. To improve readability in English, minor editorial changes were made. The participants read and answered the questionnaire in Spanish. Invitation letter. The data provided represents the translated invitation letter provided to the patients.
Click here for file
Additional file 2
The documents presented here were originally written in Spanish; therefore, were not the actual survey documents. To improve readability in English, minor editorial changes were made. The participants read and answered the questionnaire in Spanish. Patient's questionnaire. The data provided represent the translated questionnaires given to the patients. Answers given are also included, and the percentages for each response.
Click here for file
Socio-economic and educational level of the patients was established. A six point evaluation program (family income, occupation, nutrition, living conditions, place of residence and presence of sick people within the family) used by social workers on all patients admitted to the INCan. The results of the social workers' evaluation, and some medical and demographic characteristics, were obtained from medical records.
Results were expressed numerically, as well as a percentage, along with relevant characteristics presented in the results.
Doctors were invited to participate through personal communication. During the initial approach, the purpose of the study was explained, in addition a description was sent to them by e-mail. In a second personal interview, they were given the option of answering the questionnaire either in a printed or electronic version. Consent for participation was verbal and a three week period was provided before collecting the forms (
Additional file 3
The documents presented here were originally written in Spanish; therefore, were not the actual survey documents. To improve readability in English, minor editorial changes were made. The participants read and answered the questionnaire in Spanish. Doctors' questionnaire. The data provided represent the translated questionnaires given to the doctors. Answers given are also included, and the percentages for each response.
Click here for file
Informed consent documents
A critical reading of ten different consent forms sent to be approved by the Ethics Committee of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología was done by a single rater; the documents were read both in English and their translated versions in Spanish. Several points were individually assessed in all the documents: 1) number of pages, 2) fulfilment of the basic elements of informed consent (explanation of the purpose of the research, expected duration, risks, benefits, alternative procedures, confidentiality, compensations, contact person, statement of voluntary participation), 3) original language of the CF (the first letter of the original language of the document was recorded, i.e. 'E" for English). A visual numerical scale evaluation was done by a single rater (there is no inter-rater reliability data) for the assessment of the following aspects: 4) accuracy of the translation, 5) use of medical or scientific terms, 6) use of language not used by non-medical individuals, and 7) medical language that may be difficult to understand by average individuals seen at the institution. Results represent averages of scores (for question 4, 1 was poor and 10 was good and for questions 5, 6, and 7, 1 meant few and 10 many), and 8) readability score was assessed according to sample paragraphs published by Paasche-Orlow and based on the Flesch–Kincaid readability scale, the method developed by Fry
Additional file 4
The documents presented here were originally written in Spanish; therefore, were not the actual survey documents. To improve readability in English, minor editorial changes were made. The participants read and answered the questionnaire in Spanish. (part A) Analysis of the consent forms. Individual evaluation of each individual consent forms. (part B) Comprehensibility. Comprehensibility of the consent forms. The qualitative analysis was done with the help of ten different individuals.
Click here for file
The comprehensibility of the consent form was also qualitatively scrutinized with the help of ten individuals: two nurses, two secretaries, three ambulance drivers, two social workers, and one medical resident. Selected consent forms were read by these individuals after the sponsor's name and study drug(s) were blanked out. A standard set of questions were asked after reading the forms; the responses by most of the individuals are described in
An invitation letter previously approved by the Ethics Committee was given to fifty patients (
All the patients were or had been enrolled in trials financed by international pharmaceutical companies. The studies comply with all of the requirements of health and hospital authorities.
Socioeconomic factors
A review of participating patients' medical records showed that most of them lived in rural or low income urban areas. Eighty-three percent of the patients were classified as living in poverty, based on a six point socioeconomic evaluation (see Figure
Figure 1
Patients' population
Patients' population. Any circumstances in which and individuals are in a position of dependency (research subjects, elderly, indigenous, poor people, dying patients) makes them potentially vulnerable.
Table 1
Characteristics of the Patients in the Study
Number of Patients
Age (yrs)
Median (range)
59 (27–92)
Grade School Incomplete
Grade School Complete
High School Incomplete
High School Complete
Place of Residence
Average Family Income
Less than 1 minimum wage
2–5 minimum wage
More than 5 minimum wages
Tumor Site**
Head and Neck
Malignant Melanoma
Breast Cancer
Cervical Carcinoma
*Minimum wages are slightly different in rural and urban areas; however, it is approximately $4 U.S. Dollars per day. Less than one minimum wage corresponds to extreme poverty, from 2 to 5 minimum wages are classified as poor people. Cervical Cancer patients often live in extreme poverty.
**All patients had advanced cancer.
Enrolment into the clinical trials and IC procedure
All the patients had been undergoing treatment at the institution for more than two years; most of them had had several doctors in charge of their treatment. At the time of enrolment in the clinical trial, their treating physician had invited them to participate (86%). Their physician explained about the treatment in all the cases and asked them to read and sign the informed consent, always opened to questions. After signing the informed consent, only two patients knew what the document explained about the treatment risks and benefits (6%). In response to the specific question about why they were asked to sign the informed consent, 16 of 35 patients (46%) answered "to receive free treatment", 29% responded that it was to free the hospital and doctors of any responsibility. Interestingly enough, none of the patients thought that the purpose of the consent was to protect their rights as a patient, even though this answer was part of the questionnaire (Table
Table 2
Patients' Perceptions about the Informed Consent
Who invited you to participate in the clinical trial?
My treating physician
A "new" doctor
A resident
Were you asked to read and sign an informed consent?
Do you know what a consent form is?
A document part of the protocol
A document that I have to sign before I can be admitted to the study
An explanation of the treatment
Do you know why you were asked to sign the informed consent?
To protect your rights as a patient
Because it is a new treatment and can have unwanted effects
To free the Institution and the doctors of any responsibility in case something bad happens
To have access to free treatment
Did you read the document?
If not explain why?
I don't know how to read
The doctor's explanation was enough
If yes
More than once
At home
At the hospital
By myself
With my family
After reading the documented, your understanding about the study improved?
Do you have any comments about the document?
The document is too long
The document is difficult to understand
I could not understand it
I got bored and did not read it completely
The doctor explained it to me and i did not read it
It is a waste of time
If i don't get into the "protocol, i won't receive any treatment
I did not understood many of the words
Why did you decide to participate?
To help others
Because the treatment will help me
To get better
To increase the knowledge about my disease
Because I don't have money to have any other treatment
Because my Doctor asked me and he knows what is good for me
Because someone in my family told me
Because the treatment was free
I don't know
A selection of the relevant questions and answers given by the patients are shown (the complete questionnaires are shown in the appendix). The patients and a family member were provided with the questionnaire. It was answered in a quiet room; although study personnel were not present in the room at the time, staff members were available outside to answer questions. When required, the questionnaire was read to the illiterate patients involved in the research study; otherwise, the patient's family member read out the questions and checked off the selected answer.
Some patients, provided answers not present in the questionnaire.
The document was read by only 57% of the patients, though the main reason for not reading the consent was illiteracy (31%). Three patients (8%) did not read the consent form because they considered that "the explanation their physicians provided was sufficient for them to decide to sign the document". Most of the patients read the document only once, outside of their doctor's office, at the hospital, and decided to participate in the study in less than an hour (data not shown, this question was asked directly to the patients). Thirty three patients decided to participate in the study with the help of someone from their family and only two patients read and signed the document on their own. Only eight of the patients who read the document believed that their understanding of the treatment proposal improved after reading the document (Table
Each and every one of the patients who read the document thought that it was lengthy. Many patients considered that it was difficult to understand and that the document had many words of which they "didn't know the meaning". Almost half of the patients believed that signing the document was mandatory before they could receive treatment (as a "requirement", not as a right to know). Many thought that their doctor's explanation was easier to understand than the informed consent document. The reasons that were cited as the most important for enrolling in trials included: improving their health, having access to an otherwise inaccessible treatment, and because their doctor thought it was the best option for the patient (Table
Participation and knowledge about the IC
Participation of physicians in the survey was limited, only twenty (out of 50 doctors involved in clinical research trials at the institution) answered the questionnaire. All participating doctors knew that their patients had to be informed about the treatment. All of them answered that the IC was a requirement of the hospital, the clinical research organisation, and/or the sponsors' international authorities and/or an ethical request for research. The requirement of the informed consent for conducting research in humans was acknowledged by all doctors; however, most of them were not sure if and where this requisite present in the current Mexican Health Law.
None of the doctors had ever participated in an informed consent design and/or suggested any changes to the sponsors, and all of them acknowledge the Declaration of Helsinki as the document that addresses ethical issues for research involving humans. (Table
Table 3
Doctors' Responses
What is the purpose of the informed consent?
To inform the patient about the treatment
A requirement of the hospital authorities
A requirement of the Mexican health authorities
A requirement of the international sponsors
A requirement of the Clinical Research Organizations (CRO)
Have you been involved in designing the informed consent?
Are you familiar with the International regulations applied for developing the informed consent procedure?
Is the IC a requirement present in the: Mexican LGS; Mexican Regulation for Research or is it an international request?)*
Is present in the Mexican LGS
Is present in the Mexican Regulation of Research
It is an international requirement
It is present in all of them
Which of the following statements best describes purpose of the informed consent?
A document required for biomedical research
Guidelines to prepare the informed consent
A document that will "protect" the physician/researcher in case of legal procedure
A document to emphasize the "shared" responsibility between doctors and patients
Not sure
Do you know what makes a patient vulnerable?
Being a prisoner
Being poor
Being sick
Not having medical care
Do you think that the patients admitted to the hospital are vulnerable?
Which of the following conditions may influence the informed consent procedure?
Being the treating physician
If the patient is vulnerable
Conflict of interest of the physician
When conducting a clinical trial, are you involved in the patients' treatment before the trial?
Did you receive financial compensation from the sponsor company (additional salary, trip, congresses)?
Do you think there is a conflict of interest because of this?
Do you think the patient understands the wording of the informed consent?
The questionnaires were sent out by e-mail or were delivered in a sealed envelope. The answers were submitted anonymously. Three weeks after sending the questionnaire and if a response had not arrived; the physicians were contacted to see if they had sent their responses. Although 70 questionnaires were sent out, only 20 physicians responded.
* The Mexican Regulation for Research is the document that describes the IC document and tried to document. The purpose of this question was to learn about the doctors knowledge about the Mexican regulations, and if they had ever read the regulation.
To the specific question about "vulnerable population" the concept was only recognised for children, pregnant women, prisoners, and those patients living in areas with access to medical care. Economic educational characteristics, medical condition, situation and desperation for treatment may offer any hope were not acknowledge as features of a vulnerable population. Only 15% of the doctors thought that the population the hospital was vulnerable.
Conflict of interest
Although the physicians conducting the clinical trials were also the treating doctors, they were unaware of possible conflicts of interest and did not consider that it interfered with the consent procedure (Table
All the clinical researchers received gifts from the sponsors (lunches, trips to congresses, etc.), and in most cases (85%), financial compensation. These circumstances were not regarded as to influence their ethical behaviour, or to represent a conflict of interest. Finally, most of the doctors believed that the patient did not fully understand the informed consent document (Table
Although questions were not made about moral principles and ethical behaviour, all of the responding doctors thought that the survey put in doubt their integrity as physicians (these arguments were made verbally, no written complaint was made).
Consent forms
None of the ten consent forms reviewed had a uniform format; however, all had at the beginning of the document the name of the study, sponsors' name and address, along with the principal investigator's name. Most of the international clinical trials at the institution were made for marketing purposes, 10% Phase I, 30% Phase II, and 60% Phase III/IV (data not shown).
Although the studies did not have a uniform description, all the consent forms fulfilled the basic elements of the informed consents, as required by international ethical guidelines. The consent forms were 14 pages long on average (9–27 pages), and originally written in English (Table
Table 4
Informed Consent Evaluation
Average Score (range)
Number of Consent Forms
International Requirement for IC
Number of pages
Original language of the CF
Accuracy of the translation*
Use of medical or scientific terms**
Language unfamiliar to non-medical individuals**
Language unfamiliar to average individual found at the institution**
Readability Score&
Qualitative evaluation of the Consent forms.
The Consent Forms were individually read and evaluated by a single rater and there is no inter-rater reliability data.
; a numerical value was assigned to some qualitative values using visual scales.
* 1 = poor accuracy ... 10 = good accuracy;
** 1 = few terms or words ... 10 = many terms or words.
Results represent average values and range, when applicable.
&Average value: Non-uniform wording was found; Consent Forms had wording with different readability scores.
The procedures to be applied during the trial were carefully described in the consent forms. Often, forms to request biological samples (tissue, blood, serum) and authorisations for every thing were included in the same document. In at least two studies, enrolment was conditioned to the collection of biological samples; one of them described a DNA analysis and the fact that the results would not be available to the patients (data not shown). Comprehension of the consequences of genetic material requests was not evaluated in this study.
Two sample Consent Forms were chosen to be reviewed by the ten individuals chosen to assess their comprehensibility. According to one of these individuals (the resident), the consent form was clear. The rest of the participants thought that the documents were lengthy, boring, and too complex to be understood. Most of the individuals needed to read the forms at least twice; however, when asked specific questions about the study, only four participants were able to describe correctly the purpose of the study (Table
Table 5
Qualitative Assessment of Comprehensibility
Did you understand the purpose of the letter?
All The answers were yes
What was the study about?
6/10 were unable to describe the purpose of the study
Are there any words that you were unable to understand?
7/10 answered yes
Do you think that the document was clear?
Only the medical resident said yes
Were there any medical terms in the document?
10/10 said yes
How many times did you read the document
2/10 read it twice
What do you think about the length of the document
9/10 considered the document lengthy
The comprehensibility of selected consent form was qualitatively scrutinized with the help of ten individuals who had previously agreed to participate in the survey. Two nurses (N); two secretaries(S); three ambulance drivers (D); two social workers (SW); and one medical resident(R). Selected consent forms were given to read to these individuals after the sponsor's name and study drug(s) were blanked. Afterwards, the short questionnaire was handed out, and they were asked to answer all but the second question. Although, all answered that they understood the purpose of the study, when asked what it was about, only four answered correctly.
Public hospitals represent the principal setting for internationally sponsored research in Mexico; these institutions provide health care to a sector of the population that has neither access to social security or private medical attention. This work exemplifies the characteristics of both, patients and physicians in this scenery; while doctors are usually highly professionals (data not shown); most patients have the lowest income in the country. Furthermore, many of the patients included in this work were living in poverty and had a low literacy level (only twenty percent of the population had high school education or beyond).
In addition, these patients had been receiving treatment for some time; many of them had advanced disease (data not shown). Therefore, as is often the case in the setting of cancer trials for patients with advanced, eventually life ending disease; the chance of meaningful objective therapeutic benefit traditionally has been described as being quite low
It is particularly worrisome the complex setting in which enrolment of the patients into a research trial takes place; researchers are also the treating physicians, and often they have been the patients' doctor for a long period of time. In this situation, an invitation to a research trial may be interpreted by many patients to be an endorsement by their physicians
The ethical consequences of the dual figure – Physician/researcher – that prevail in the clinical research field have been extensively addressed. The physician's obligation to treat patients in a way that will be most beneficial may put into question their research motives
An important aspect that should be addressed, and a reason of concern from a bioethical perspective worldwide, is clearly reviewed in this work: the presence of financial ties between pharmaceutical companies and Mexican oncologists. Supplemental income provided to researchers by pharmaceutical companies is common, and gifts as part of the relation with the industry are the rule. Although the situation clearly represents a conflict of interest, none of the physicians questioned recognized that this might jeopardize a patient's well being in favor of possible research success
Also, economic influence of international pharmaceutical companies over physicians needs to be acknowledged. It is clear that doctors do not believe that gifts, salaries or trips jeopardize the ethics of their practice; however, making it a common practice may eventually be questionable
The IC procedure is heralded as the principal mechanism to ensure that research takes place according to ethical principles. However, IC is a complex and somewhat idealised process
The requirement to have an independent decision-making, during the IC, is unreal in the clinical setting. Many patients have diminished independence, particularly at times when they are most in need of medical care; therefore, it is important to open the bioethical view to the social and medical aspects that are an indivisible part of the sick
If independent decision-making is to be encouraged, informed consents should be adapted according to the targeted population
The present work shows that neither the wording nor the lengths of current IC documents are useful in ensuring a comprehension of the nature of the research or to help the patients make an informed and individual decision
The practice of IC has been driven by two different agendas: a legal one and a moral one
Several authors have addressed different approaches to improve the patients' comprehension of experimental treatments; the time with the potential participant seems to be the best way to improve the understanding of the patients
We are aware of the study limitations; these findings may not be representative of all the settings within the country, in some clinical settings the populations have higher educational levels; however, most clinical trials are conducted in public hospitals where the average population may have similar characteristics to those described in this work.
The need to redress the balance of the informed consent, so that the ethical process is simple, concentrates on the rights of individuals and is institutionally mandatory
In addition, researchers should be aware that the informed consent is a procedure needed to establish a respectful and ethical relation between doctors and patients.
There is no simple answer to the inevitable question of 'how valid is the informed consent for these patients?' But it is clear that some adjustments should be implemented, accordingly with the characteristics' described in this population.
Competing interests
The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
Dr. Emma Verástegui, designed, conducted and wrote the manuscript. Part of the work was presented by Dr. Verástegui during her MSc. at the London School of Economics and Political Sciences.
The Paper was presented during the MSc in Bioscience, Biomedicine and Society Program at the London School of Economics. Houghton Street, London WC2A2AE. UK.
The author's MSc program at the London School of Economics was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Reference, 187908), and Fundación Mexicana para la Salud (FUNSALUD) scholarship.
The author wish to thanks the opportunity given by Professor Sarah Franklin and Professor Nikolas Rose during the MSc BIOS program at LSE; and the support received from Dr. Alejandro Mohar, Dr. Adolfo Martinez Palomo, and Dr. Manuel Ruiz de Chavez in Mexico.
The Greatest Benefits to Mankind. Harper Collins. London, Chapter VII, cited in: British Medical Association
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Declaration of Helsinki
The Belmont Report
International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects
Clarifying confusions about coercion
The impact of HIV infection on society's perception of clinical trials
Ethics of clinical research in third world
An ethical dilemma: availability of antiretroviral therapy after clinical trials with HIV infected patients re ended
Ethical considerations of human investigation indeveloping countries: the AIDS dilemma
Ethical imperialism-ethics in international collaborative clinical research
Human rights and maternal-fetal HIV transmission prevention trials in Africa
African AIDS: Whose research rules?
What makes clinical research ethical?
Empty Ethics: The problem with informed consent
Encyclopaedia of Bioethics, [New York: Simon Schuster Macmillan, 1995, 1XXI, cited by Jonsen A.R. Source book
The ethics of research with human subjects: A short history
Some limits of informed consent
The Theory and Practice of Autonomy
The Triumph of Autonomy in American Medical Ethics
The Principles of Biomedical Ethics
Can transnational research be ethical in developing world?
International variation in ethics committee requirements: comparisons across five Westernised nations
The battering of informed consent
Perceptions of cancer patients and their physicians involved in phase I trials
Quality of informed consent in cancer clinical trials: a cross-sectional survey
Beyond Informed Consent
Latin America Is Ripe for Trials, and Fraud. Frantic Pace Could Overwhelm Controls
Impact of the Pharmaceutical Industry on Medical Research: House of Commons Health Committee August 2004
Are we working for the pharmaceutical industry?
Any circumstances in which individuals are in a position of dependency (research subjects, elderly, indigenous, poor people, dying patients) makes them potentially vulnerable. Research Involving Vulnerable Participants
De los Aspectos Éticos de la Investigación en Seres Humanos
ICH Good Clinical Practices
Contract regulated by the
Código Civil para el Distrito Federal en Materia Común, y para toda la República en Materia Federal
Los derechos del paciente
Readability Standards for Informed-Consent Forms as Compared with Actual Readability
Derivation of new readability formulas (Automated Readability Index, Fog Count, and Flesch Reading Ease Formula) for Navy enlisted personnel
Impact of Therapeutic Research on Informed Consent and the Ethics of Clinical Trials: A Medical Oncology Perspective
Normas Éticas para la Investigación Clínica
Biomedical Investigation and Informed Consent in Vulnerable Populations and Individuals
What is cure and how do we get there?
A critique of clinical equipoise. Therapeutic misconception in the ethics of clinical trials
The therapeutic orientation of clinical trials
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To protect those who serve
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Distinguishing treatment from research : a functional approach
HIV vaccine trials: Critical issues in informed consent
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Interventions to Improve Research Participants' Understanding in Informed Consent for Research A Systematic Review
Consent forms: how to determine and improve their readability
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Videotape aids informed consent decision
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Despite the global economic downturn, Hong Kong's box office remained resilient in 2009, grossing US$151.9 million, representing a 6.5 percent increase from the previous year. According to the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Motion Picture Industry Association (MPIA), the rise was driven by the increase of film releases in 2009, particularly the surge of 3D releases. In 2009, there were 268 films released in Hong Kong, up by over nine percent from 2008. Box office revenues in 2009 for foreign films were US$120.2 million and US$31.7 million for local productions (which account for 21 percent of the market, a drop of 1.6 percent from the previous year).
The U.S. is the largest supplier of films to Hong Kong, constituting over 75 percent of total film imports. U.S. Director James Cameron's Avatar was the top-grossing title in 2009 at US$8.43 million. This figure only reflects receipts from December 17-31, 2009, with the movie still showing at the writing of this report. Industry observers predict Avatar will reach US$12.8 million, and may break the US$14.9 million record set by Cameron's previous hit Titanic. Avatar was followed by Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and 2012, both of which were U.S. movies .
The gross revenue of the film industry is expected to expand in the coming years because of the opening of new multiplexes and 3D cinemas, and strong government support. The opening of new 3D cinemas has helped grow box office potential in Hong Kong. UA launched Hong Kong's first IMAX theatre in 2007 offering a 3D movie viewing experience. MCL opened Hong Kong's biggest 12-screen multiplex at Elements shopping mall and a 4D extreme screen at the airport. The Hong Kong government has also demonstrated support for the film sector with the establishment of the Film Development Council and Create Hong Kong within the Commerce and Economic Bureau. Create Hong Kong is intended to integrate existing policy and funding initiatives across government departments to boost the development of Hong Kong's creative industries. Hong Kong's film sector is also benefiting from the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) with China. Under CEPA, Hong Kong firms in film distribution and production enjoy preferential access to the mainland China market.
Technology-wise, the Hong Kong Cyberport has also launched a Digital Cinema Exchange Pilot Scheme in 2009, which helps at least 10 local cinemas directly download overseas film files via the Internet. Eventually, the system will provide a 1G link to all theaters in Hong Kong, shortening movie delivery time and cost for cinema operators. It is estimated that digital distribution will cost only about 10 percent of 35mm distribution.
Best Prospects/Services
Opportunities in Hong Kong's film market for U.S. firms go beyond the box office to include film production technology, multi-media content, and related services. The best prospects in Hong Kong and Macau include:
• U.S. independent feature or documentary films and videos that Hong Kong firms can distribute in Asia, and especially mainland China;
• Co-productions between U.S. and Hong Kong firms for distribution in China and Asia;
• U.S. technology products used in movie theaters in China and elsewhere in Asia;
• Cooperative agreements with U.S. film education and training institutions;
• U.S. film financing and deal-structuring techniques and services.
Content Distribution. U.S. exporters should consider selling content licenses to TV stations and Hong Kong agents for distribution rights in both Hong Kong and around Asia. For example, Hong Kong's Commerce & Economic Development Bureau is scheduled to launch Mobile TV Service in 2010, presenting business opportunities for U.S. companies to sell films and TV programs to the Mobile TV Service Providers. U.S. companies can also consider producing programs that cater to Hong Kong and Asian viewer preferences.
Co-production and co-funding. With the full implementation of the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA), Hong Kong's position as a center for Asian co-production with international companies has been reinforced. Under CEPA, Hong Kong-China coproductions are treated as local productions in China. By cooperating with Hong Kong producers, U.S. firms can gain enhanced access to the China market.
Non-cinema production. U.S. film companies should consider Asia's growing market for multimedia products. Local consumers are keen to see new content and related applications for games, comic books, mobile phone downloads in addition to films and TV programs. In flight entertainment should also not be overlooked.
3D Movies. UA-ISquare Imax Cinemas, a second Imax theatre in Hong Kong opened in December 2009. While the first Imax screen in Hong Kong used the film-based MPX projection system, the new screen will utilize Imax Digital projection. This will significantly reduce the purchase price of Imax film prints from US$22,000 to US$1,000. The reduced price will likely further enhance the popularity of Imax films in Hong Kong. U.S. film companies should consider distributing 3D versions of popular films in Hong Kong.


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Something has been missing from our lives. Yes, it's been weeks since we've had a good laugh. So, we turn to the editorial pages of the International Herald Tribune to find our favorite comic, Thomas L. Friedman, a man who wants to make a better world, in the worst possible way.
We used to enjoy reading his columns. You could always count on him to come up with such a damned fool idea, on any subject, that it would have been an embarrassment to a jackass. But what intrigued us was trying to figure out how the man thought – or if he thought at all. When we explore Friedman's oeuvre we feel we are probing down clumsily, like a neurosurgeon with a kitchen knife, into the softest mush of the human brain. How does it work, we wonder?
Friedman is no idiot. He writes in complete sentences. Somehow he has gotten a gig not only as a columnist for America's most prestigious newspaper, but as a semi-serious author, and celebrity speaker at business functions.
(His success has not made us jealous; it has only made us suspicious. We wonder what the rest of the world must be thinking if it can take Friedman's ruminations seriously.)
It was Friedman, we recall, who pushed hard for the United States to invade Iraq, and who then described U.S. troops (the most lethal attack force the world had ever seen), as 'nurturers', and who, like midwives, were helping to deliver a baby democracy in the Mesopotamian desert. Then, when the war went bad, he blamed the Bush team, urging them to send yet more armed nurturers and spend even more money. It was he, too, who blamed terrorism on high oil prices; and he still urges the United States to 'go green' as a way to promote 'reform' in the Middle East.
The man has a plan for everything. That is what makes reading him so funny. He cannot seem to appreciate that the world is a product of many thousands of generations' worth of evolutionary adjustments, compromises, and innovations that he could not possibly hope to know about…nor can he imagine that there is any situation – no matter how remote or complex – that his own little mind cannot improve.
Thus does he urge America's voters to insist upon a "Green Election" in 2008.
We won't bother with the inane details (such as having a college student question the candidates because "young people will be the ones most affected by global warming"); What is appalling is the desperately shallow earnestness of it. Why would a college student have any more insight into global warming than anyone else? And why, if voters are so interested in global warming, don't they ask the candidates themselves? How is it possible for an intelligent Homo Sapien to write such obvious hooey?
What we are beginning to suspect is that there is something wrong with the brain itself. In spite of all its pretensions to logical thought, the thing is barely functional. It will believe anything.
Bill Bonner
Markets and Money


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The inlet water filter in your LG washer helps to clean out any impurities that might be in your home's water supply, such as sand and rust particles. These filters are small, bucket shaped mesh screens that sit in the inlet attachment for the water supply hoses at the back of the washer. They are made to be removed so that they can be rinsed and cleaned.
Things You'll Need
- Towel
- Pliers
Turn off the power for the LG washer on the main panel. Unplug the washer from the electrical circuit.
Move the washer, if needed, so you can access the coupling where the water supply hoses are connected.
Turn off the water supply for the LG washer by turning the knobs on the water supply valves located behind the washer counterclockwise.
Unscrew the coupling by turning it counterclockwise. Use a pair of pliers, if needed. Hold a towel underneath the coupling to catch any water that may run out.
Pull the basket shaped inlet filter out of the inlet with your fingers. If the basket is stuck or wedged in tightly, use a pair of needlenose pliers to grip the handle and work it loose.
Tips & Warnings
- Clean the inlet by running it under the sink faucet or sprayer hose.
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Image of the Day: Hotel Excelsior
The Hotel Excelsior overlooks the seaside promenade of elegant Naples, close to the city's most famous shops and attractions.
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