text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 21, 2012
|Filing date
|Jul 14, 2003
|Priority date
|Jul 30, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jerome Azema, Alain Chateau, Eric Balard
|Original Assignee
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (55), Referenced by (9), Classifications (22), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of the filing date of copending provisional application U.S. Ser. No. 60/399,592, filed Jul. 30, 2002, entitled "Firmware Run-Time Authentication" to Balard et al.
This application also claims priority under the Paris Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property of Application Number 02293057.2, filed Dec. 10, 2002 in the European Patent Office. No foreign application for this same subject matter has been filed that has a filing date before Dec. 10, 2002.
Not Applicable
1. Technical Field
This invention relates in general to processing devices and, more particularly, to a secure computing system.
2. Description of the Related Art
Present day computing devices take many forms and shapes. Traditional computing devices include personal computers. More recently, mobile computing devices, such as PDA (personal digital assistants) and smart phones have blurred the distinction between computing devices and telecommunications devices. Further, computing devices are being used in manners virtually invisible to the user, such as controllers in automobiles.
Manufacturers of computing devices, or parts of computing devices such as processors, have heretofore been unable to provide security to the operation of their device. One particular well-known security hazard involves attacks on a computing device by third parties. Using a variety of techniques, an attacker may change system files, application files, or data in the computing device. In some cases, such attacks are an annoyance; in other cases, the attacks can result in tremendous expenses to the owner.
Not all unauthorized modifications of a computing device are caused by third parties. Some modifications of the intended operation of a computing device are caused by the user. For example, a user may change a device's intended settings, sometimes with the aid of unauthorized software, to "improve" the operation of a device. In some cases, such as the modification of firmware on an automobile controller, such changes could be extremely dangerous.
In other cases, a user may want to transfer data or programs from a first device to a second device. This may be improper due to copyright restrictions or may involve moving software to a platform where it is not stable.
Manufacturers are increasingly aware of the need to verify the origin and integrity of system firmware, software and data. While some mechanisms have had some success, such as digital certificates to verify the origin of a software provider, these measures have proven incomplete and easily circumvented, particular by sophisticated attackers or users.
Therefore, a need has arisen for a secure computing platform.
In the present invention, a processing device is configured by accessing a certificate bound to the processing device and authenticating the certificate. Configuration parameters are read from the certificate, if properly authenticated. The processing device is configured responsive to the configuration parameters.
The present invention provides the advantage that the certificate protects the configuration parameters from being altered by the user or a third party. Accordingly, only a manufacturer or a party authorized by the manufacturer can change configuration settings.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The present invention is best understood in relation to
The circuitry of mobile computing device 10 of
Firmware 30, application software 32 and data files 34 are stored in the external non-volatile memory system 14. Firmware 30 is the basic system code stored on the device by the manufacturer prior to sale. The firmware 30 is permanently resident on the platform, although it may be updated by the manufacturer to add functionality or to correct errors. In many cases, it is extremely important that only the firmware 30 placed on the device 10 by the manufacturer is used, and that the firmware not be modified or replaced by anyone other than the manufacturer or someone working under the authority of the manufacturer. Hence, security is an extremely important issue with regard to firmware 30. Additionally, it is important that unauthorized firmware is not executed. Security may also be an issue with regard to application software 32 and data files 34. For application software 32 and data files 34, it is often important to ensure the integrity of these files; for example, it may be desirable to ensure that the files are not modified, deleted or replaced by other "virus" software. Also, it is often important to prevent the copying of application software 32 and data files 34 (such as music and video files) to protect the copyrights of the owner of the underlying work.
As shown in
The security features described herein make use of several encryption techniques. In "symmetric-key" (or "secret key") cryptography, the same secret key is used for both encryption and decryption. An example of a symmetric-key cryptosystem is DES (Data Encryption Standard). In "asymmetric" (or "public-key") cryptography, a pair of keys are used, a secret key and a public key. A key generation algorithm produces the matched pair of keys, such that information may be encrypted using the public key (which may be published to prospective senders) and decrypted using the private key (which is maintained in secret by the recipient) and, conversely, information encrypted with the private key can be decrypted with the public key. Deducing the private key from the public key is not computationally feasible. Using an asymmetric cryptosystem, parties with no prior security arrangement can exchange information, since the private key need not be sent through a secure channel. RSA encryption (developed by RSA Security, Inc.) is an example of public key cryptography.
A one-way hash function takes a variable-length input and produces a fixed-length output, known as a "message digest" or "hash". The hash function ensures that, if the information is changed in any way, an entirely different output value is produced. Hash algorithms are typically used in verifying the integrity of data. SHA-1 (160 bit hash) and MD5 (128 bit hash) are examples of one-way hash functions.
A digital signature enables the recipient of information to verify the authenticity of the information's origin, and also verify that the information is intact. Typically, the sender signs a message by computing its hash and encrypting the hash with the sender's private key. The recipient verifies the signature on the message by decrypting it with sender's public key (thus obtaining the transmitted hash), computing the hash of the received message, and comparing the two. Thus, public key digital signatures provide authentication and data integrity. A digital signature also provides non-repudiation, which means that it prevents the sender from disclaiming the origin of the information. DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) is an example of a digital signature cryptosystem.
One issue with public key cryptosystems is that users must be constantly vigilant to ensure that they are encrypting or decrypting with the correct public key, to be protected against man-in-the-middle attacks (where an attacker intercepts packets in a data stream, modifies the packets, and passes them to their intended destination by claiming to be the original sender). A digital certificate is a form of digital passport or credential that simplifies the task of establishing whether a public key truly belongs to the purported owner. In its simplest form, a certificate is the user's public key that has been digitally signed by someone trusted, such as a certificate authority. A certificate can also contain additional information such as version number, user ID number, expiration date, and so on.
Certain code and keys are maintained internally on the baseband processing system 12 in support of other security features. Several system programs are located in ROM 22, in order to prevent any malicious tampering. The programs include the Secure Boot Loader (described in detail in connection with
In addition, in the preferred embodiment, certain system data is maintained on the eFuse Array 24 (or other permanent memory internal to the baseband processing system 12). After the data is written to the array, further writing to the particular location is disabled, such that the data cannot be overwritten.
A die identification number is a unique number associated with each individual device. In the preferred embodiment, this number is stored as DIE_ID_FUSE in the eFuse array 24 at the time of manufacture. This identification code is not considered secret and may be read by non-secure software.
The manufacturer's public key (the "manufacturer" being the manufacture of device 10) is also stored in the eFuse array 24 after hashing as H_Man_Pub_Key. The location storing H_Man_Pub_Key does not need to be protected from external access, since the manufacturer's public key is not secret; however, it should be protected from modification after writing. Use of H_Man_Pub_Key is discussed in greater detail in connection with
A test ID, or other access ID, may also be hashed and stored in the eFuse array 24. The hashed test ID (H_Test_ID) may be used to prevent unauthorized access to the device in test mode, where certain protections are disabled. This aspect is discussed in greater detail in connection with
A Key Encryption Key (KEK) is a secret key preferably generated by a random number generator internal to the baseband processor at the time of production of the device. The KEK is stored in the eFuse array 24 and is not modifiable or externally accessible. The KEK for a particular device, therefore, cannot be determined even by the manufacturer. The KEK is used to dynamically provide additional encrypted keys for the platform certificates 38, as described in greater detail in connection with
Manufacturer Certificate
Field Name
Certificate's size (in bytes)
Certificate's type: Manufacturer
Debug request
Address where is stored the code to verify
Size of the software module (in bytes)
Address of software entry point
Manufacturer's Public Key
Originator's Public Key
Signature of Originator's Public Key
Originator's Public Key, hashed and
by the Manufacturer
encrypted using Manufacturer's
private key
Software signature by the Originator
Firmware code hashed and
encrypted using Originator's
private key
Die ID number
Platform configuration parameters:
DPLL frequency
Memory access wait-state
Initial values of HW configuration
parameters such as RF parameters (filters,
gains) or battery management
parameters (charging curves)
Data related to the hardware Platform:
IMEI number
Certificate signature by the manufacturer
Manufacturer certificate fields hashed
and encrypted using Manufacturer's
private key
The certificate size (CERT_SIZE) and certificate type (CERT_TYPE) fields indicate the size and the type (i.e., "manufacturer") of the manufacturer certificate 36. The debug request (DEBUG_REQ) may be set by the manufacturer to enable or disable emulation on the device. As described below, only the manufacturer can set the value of this field. The code address (CODE_ADDR) field indicates the starting address of the code in the external memory 14. The code size field (CODE_SIZE) indicates the size (in bytes) of the firmware. The code starting address (CODE_START_ADDR) indicates the entry point of the firmware at execution.
The manufacturer certificate 36 further includes the manufacturer's public key (MAN_PUB_KEY) and the software originator's public key (ORIG_PUB_KEY); this assumes that the firmware is generated by a third party with its own signature. If the firmware is generated by the manufacturer, a second public key for the manufacturer can be optionally be used. A signature for the originator's public key is generated by hashing ORIG_PUB_KEY and encrypting the hashed ORIG_PUB_KEY using the manufacturer's private key (MAN_PRI_KEY).
A software signature is generated by hashing the code of firmware 30 and encrypting the resulting hashed code using the originator's private key (ORIG_PRI_KEY). Since ORIG_PRI_KEY is private to the originator, the SW_SIG must be provided to the manufacturer by the originator.
The DIE_ID of the particular device 10 is added to the manufacturer certificate 36. This couples the code to a single device, preventing copying of the firmware to a different device.
Configuration parameters are set in the CONF_PARAM field of the manufacturer certificate 36. As described in connection with
Data unique to the particular device can be stored in the PLATFORM_DATA field. For example, an IMEI number can be stored in this field. This aspect is described in greater detail in connection with
A manufacturer certificate signature (SIG_CERT) prevents tampering with any of the fields of the manufacturer certificate 36. The SIG_CERT is generated by hashing the other fields of the manufacturer certificate and encrypting the hashed code with the MAN_PRI_KEY.
The secure reset boot checker 52 checks the authenticity and integrity of the certificate of the system boot firmware (and any other firmware) stored in external memory 14 before its execution. Upon execution of the secure boot loader 50 or secure reset boot checker 52, the device 10 is configured to disallow any interruption or other bypassing of their execution prior to completion.
In step 54, the secure boot loader 50 and secure reset boot checker 52 await a power-on or system reset. In step 56, upon a power-on or system reset, the secure boot loader 50 checks a chosen interface, such as the UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter), for a synchronization signal on the interface's physical bus. If no activity is detected on the physical bus after a time-out or a watchdog reset (step 58), then it is assumed that no system firmware download is forthcoming and control switches to the secure reset boot checker 52.
Assuming that download activity is detected on the physical bus, steps 60 through 70 check the manufacturer certificate 36 of the flash programmer prior to any execution of the flash programmer. In step 60, the manufacturer's public key (MAN_PUB_KEY) from the manufacturer certificate of the flash programmer is authenticated. Authentication of MAN_PUB_KEY is illustrated in
In an alternative embodiment, a hashed value for the manufacturer's public key is stored in manufacturer certificate 36; in this case, hashing step 100 can be eliminated. Also, only a predetermined number of least significant bits of the hashed manufacturer's public key can be stored in the eFuse memory 14; in this case, only corresponding bits would be compared in step 104.
Referring again to
If the authentication of the manufacturer's public key results in a "pass" in step 62, then the certificate signature (SIG_CERT) is authenticated in step 66.
Referring again to
Assuming the authentication of the manufacturer certificate signature passes, then step 70 authenticates the originator's public key field of the manufacturer certificate (ORIG_PUB_KEY) and authenticates the actual firmware code, with respect to the originator's public key and the software signature (SW_SIG).
Referring again to
If all authentication tests are passed, then the flash programmer executes in block 74. The flash programmer loads the system boot software and forces a reset in step 76. Typically, the flash programmer is erased from memory prior to the reset.
The secure reset boot checker 52 will run after a timeout in decision block 58. This will normally happen after completion of a flash programmer execution (unless there is another firmware download) or after a power-on or reset when there is no firmware download pending. The secure reset boot checker authenticates fields in the system boot software, as opposed to the manufacturer certificate of the flash programmer, as discussed in connection with the operation of the secure boot loader.
In step 78, manufacturer's public key of the manufacturer certificate 36 associated with the system boot software is authenticated using the authentication process shown in
If the manufacturer's public key authentication passes in decision block 80, then the system boot firmware certificate (CERT_SIG) is authenticated in block 82. Authentication of the firmware certificate is shown in
If the firmware certificate authentication passes in decision block 84, then the originator's public key (ORIG_PUB_KEY) is authenticated in block 86. Authentication of the originator's public key is shown in
If the originator's public key authentication passes in decision block 88, then the system boot firmware is authenticated in block 90. Authentication of the firmware is shown in
If the firmware authentication passes in decision block 92, then the die identification code is verified in block 94.
Referring again to
If the DIE_ID field is not set to "0", and the die ID in the manufacturer certificate 36 does not match the DIE_ID_FUSE in the eFuse memory 24, then certain features may be disabled; however, some features may remain available, such as the ability to make emergency calls.
The secure boot loader and secure reset boot checker ensure that only valid firmware is loaded onto the device 10, either at the time of manufacture, or for upgrades. User or third party modification or replacement of the stored firmware is prevented, since no system firmware can be loaded without encryption using the manufacturer's private key.
Nonetheless, even with protected installation of the firmware, additional measures are taken to prevent alteration of the firmware, or specific data, during execution of the firmware. This additional security prevents disclosure of data stored in the device by altering execution privileges or the re-use of device 10 with unauthorized firmware.
During operation of the device 10, after loading the system firmware, the secure run-time platform data checker and the secure run-time checker ensure that the system software is not modified and ensures that settings provided in the PLATFORM_DATA field of the manufacturer certificate 36 of the system software.
In step 204, a secure service call is initiated. In the preferred embodiment, the secure service call is initiated upon detection of a period of inactivity of the processor(s) 26, such that the checkers 200 and 202 cause minimal interference with other applications. The secure service call may also be initiated from an on-chip hardware timer which ensures that the service call is performed within a pre-set time, regardless of available periods of inactivity. The pre-set time can be configured at boot time according the a configuration parameter stored in the CONFIG_PARAM field of the manufacturer certificate 36. Also, a secure service call can be initiated upon a request from a software application. Once the secure service call is initiated, all interrupts are disabled such that the processor executing the secure run-time platform data checker 200 and secure run-time checker 202 cannot be interrupted nor deviated from execution of the checker tasks until completion.
With regard to the secure run-time platform data checker, in step 206, the manufacturer's public key (MAN_PUB_KEY) stored in the manufacturer certificate 36 is authenticated, as previously described in connection with
If the manufacturer's public key authentication fails in step 208, then the secure run-time platform data checker process 200 is aborted and the device is reset in step 210.
Assuming the manufacturer's public key authentication passes in step 208, then the system boot firmware certificate is authenticated in step 212. Authentication of the system boot firmware certificate is performed as previously described in connection with
If the system boot firmware certificate authentication fails in step 214, then the secure run-time platform data checker process 200 is aborted and the device is reset in step 210.
If the DIE_ID of the manufacturer certificate is not set to zero, then the DIE_ID field is compared to DIE_ID_FUSE stored in the eFuse memory 24. A successful comparison guarantees that the platform related data in the manufacturer certificate belong to the platform. If the DIE_ID of the manufacturer certificate is set to zero, a successful comparison of the PLATFORM_DATA field read from the manufacturer certificate 36 with the PLATFORM_DATA field associated with the platform certificate 38 guarantees that the platform related data in the manufacturer certificate belongs to the platform.
The validity status of the platform data is returned to the calling software (if any) in step 218. If the platform data does not match the expected platform data, certain features of the device may be disabled; however, some features may remain available, such as the ability to make emergency calls.
Steps 220 through 240 describe the operation of the secure run-time checker 202. These steps can be run on each firmware task. In step 220, the manufacturer's public key (MAN_PUB_KEY) stored in the manufacturer certificate 36 of the firmware under test is authenticated, as previously described in connection with
If the manufacturer's public key authentication fails in step 222, then, if the firmware under test is the system boot firmware (step 224), the secure run-time checker process 202 is aborted and the device is reset in step 210. If the firmware under test is other than the system boot firmware, then execution is aborted in step 226.
Assuming the manufacturer's public key authentication passes in step 222, then the firmware certificate (SIG_CERT) of the firmware under test is authenticated in step 228. Authentication of the firmware certificate is performed as previously described in connection with
If the firmware certificate authentication fails in step 230, then, if the firmware under test is the system boot firmware (step 224), the secure run-time checker process 202 is aborted and the device is reset in step 210. If the firmware under test is other than the system boot firmware, then execution is aborted in step 226.
Assuming the firmware certificate authentication passes in step 230, then the originator's public key (ORIG_PUB_KEY) is authenticated in step 232. Authentication of the ORIG_PUB_KEY of the manufacturer certificate of the firmware under test is performed as described in connection with
If the originator's public key authentication fails in step 234, then, if the firmware under test is the system boot firmware (step 224), the secure run-time checker process 202 is aborted and the device is reset in step 210. If the firmware under test is other than the system boot firmware, then execution is aborted in step 226.
If the originator's public key authentication passes in step 234, then the firmware is authenticated in step 236. Firmware authentication is performed as described in connection with
If the firmware authentication fails in step 238, then, if the firmware under test is the system boot firmware (step 224), the secure run-time checker process 202 is aborted and the device is reset in step 210. If the firmware under test is other than the system boot firmware, then execution is aborted in step 226.
If all authentication tests pass, then the Die ID is verified in step 240. Verification of the Die ID is performed as previously described in connection with
The validity status of the Die ID is returned to the calling software (if any) in step 242. If the DIE_ID field is not set to "0", and the die ID in the manufacturer certificate 36 does not match the DIE_ID_FUSE in the eFuse memory 24, then certain features may be disabled; however, some features may remain available, such as the ability to make emergency calls.
After completion of the checker tasks 200 and 202, if the firmware is successfully tested, previous processing resumes from the point of stoppage and interrupts are re-enabled.
By performing firmware and platform data authentication during execution of the firmware, firmware replacement after initiation can be detected and thwarted. By managing the processor's state before and after executing the checking tasks 200 and 202, the tasks can be executed without re-initialization of the system.
Platform Certificate
Field Name
Certificate's size (in bytes)
Certificate's type: Platform
Confidentiality request (S/W encryption)
Identifier of the application proprietary of the
code and/or data certified by this certificate
Address where are stored the code and/or
data to verify
Size of the certified code and/or data (in bytes)
Initial Vector value for bulk encryption/
decryption in CBC mode
Encrypted SW symmetrical key
Random number encrypted
using KEK
Code and/or data signature by the SW
Application code hash
symmetrical key
encrypted by random number
key (SW_KEY)
Certificate signature by the SW symmetrical
Manufacturer certificate fields
hashed and encrypted by
random number key
The platform certificate 38 makes use of the KEK stored in eFuse memory 14. In the preferred embodiment, the KEK is a random number generated on-chip during production, such that the value of the KEK is not known to anyone. The KEK in the eFuse memory 14 such that it is not accessible through I/O ports or to application software. It is desirable that each chip's KEK be used in a manner that it cannot be externally determined or intercepted by other programs. While storage of the KEK in the eFuse memory 14 allows determination through physical observation of the fuses in the fused memory, such observation can only upon destruction of the chip itself; since each chip generates its own KEK, knowledge of one chip's KEK will not compromise the security of other chips.
The KEK is used to encrypt other software keys that are randomly generated during operation of the device. As shown in
Other secured values in the platform certificate 38 are encrypted using SW_KEY. Although not part of the certificate itself, the application file 32 or data file 34 may be optionally encrypted by SW_KEY responsive to a confidentiality request as shown in encryption step 254 and 256. Whether or not the application file 32 or data file 34 is encrypted will also affect the software signature (SW_SIG) or signature certificate (SIG_CERT). The software file 32 or data file (optionally encrypted) is hashed in step 258 and encrypted by SW_KEY in step 260. This value is stored as SW_SIG. The certificate fields are hashed in step 262 and encrypted by SW_KEY in step 264. This value is store as SIG_CERT.
The platform certificate associates an application or data file with the device 10 upon which it is loaded. Once associated, the application or data file cannot be transferred to another device, since the platform certificate will be invalid. Further, the APPLI_ID field can be used to associate an application file 32 or data file 34 with a particular program. This could be used, for example, to allow access to an audio or video file only in connection with a specific media player application, even if the format of the audio or video file was a standard format capable of being played by various applications.
The fields of the platform certificate 38, other then the SIG_CERT field are hashed in step 276. The hash is compared to the decrypted SW_CERT field in step 278. Similarly, the stored application or data file is hashed in step 280 and the hash is compared to the decrypted SW_SIG field from step 274 in step 282. If either the comparison in step 278 or the comparison in step 300 indicates a mismatch, a system error occurs in step 302. Otherwise, the application is executed (or the data file is used by an application) after optional decryption in steps 304 and 306.
The platform certificate provides significant advantages over the prior art. The binding of a software or data file to a device 10 helps to uncover any modification of the original software module and prevents any copy of the source from running on another similar platform, offering an efficient protection against cloning attacks, specifically important for copyright management and media protection.
The solution offers a high level of security since it is based on strong cryptographic techniques, such as one-way hash and bulk encryption, for platform signature and verification. The solution can easily be adapted to any computing hardware platform. The use of the KEK and a software key randomly-generated at the time of binding allows for external storage of the encrypted key in external memory. An unlimited number of different software keys can be used for the application and data files. Further, the use of symmetric bulk encryption techniques for the calculation of the signatures significantly reduces processor computing loads relative to asymmetric techniques.
As shown in
If the IMEI number is changed in the PLATFORM_DATA field of the manufacturer certificate 36, it will be detected by the secure reset boot checker prior to execution of the system boot software. If changed after the system boot software is loaded, a change in the IMEI number will be detected by the secure run-time platform data checker.
If the IMEI is stored in external memory bound to a platform certificate, any change in the IMEI will be detected as an invalid SW_SIG. Using the platform certificate, the IMEI can be stored in any location in the external memory.
The device 10 can be programmed to allow emergency calls even if the IMEI results in an invalid manufacturer certificate 36 or invalid platform certificate 38.
In operation, the system boot software accesses the configuration parameters from the manufacturer's certificate to configure the hardware and software resources. Placing the configuration parameters in the manufacturer's certificate 36 allows the manufacturer to design a device that has flexible hardware and/or software configurations and safely and securely configure the device as appropriate.
One use of securely storing configuration parameters in a manufacturer's certificate 36 would be to allow the device 10 to enter configurations in controlled situations, where the configuration would leave the device 10 vulnerable to attack. For example, during a test mode, the device 10 could be placed in a configuration where certain normally hidden memory locations would be accessible to reading and/or writing. Also, certain hardware parameters, such as memory performance settings, bus speeds, processing speeds, and so on, may be changed during a test mode for analyzing system operations.
A second use of securing storing configuration parameters in a manufacturer's certificate would be to control the performance of a device 10. As is well known in the computing industry, some users reconfigure hardware and/or software parameters to push a device to its limits. For example, many user's "overclock" a personal computers processor speed by changing the system clock speed or the multiple of the system clock at which the processor operates. Additionally, memory settings can be changed to improve memory access and throughput. While overclocking can improve the performance of a computing device, it can also reduce hardware lifetimes by operating hardware at temperatures beyond their specification. Further, computing devices may operate erratically at the overclocked settings. Overclocked settings can thus be costly to manufacturers in terms of warranty and support.
By setting parameters in the manufacturer certificate 36, attempts to change performance settings would be thwarted, since the settings are defined in the manufacture certificate 36, which can only be changed under the authority of the manufacturer. System boot software would configure the device after a reset to the defined parameters. Any attempt to change the authorized settings in the certificate would be detected by the secure reset boot checker 52 (after a reset) or the secure run-time checker 202. Any attempt to change the configuration parameters by software outside of the system firmware would be detected by the secure run-time platform data checker 200.
A third use of securing storing configuration parameters in a manufacturer's certificate would be to provide a single device that has different performance capabilities and/or different functionality settings. The device could be sold according to its configuration settings, which are stored in the manufacturer certificate 36, such that the configurations could not be modified by the user or a third party. The device 10 could be easily upgraded by the manufacturer.
For example, a mobile computing device platform could be designed to run at multiple processor speeds and have different optional functionalities, such as wireless networking, audio and video capabilities. The device could be sold at a desired configuration that could be upgraded at a later date without expensive hardware upgrades, such as PC cards or memory port enhancements.
In operation, the H_Test_ID will normally be significantly smaller in size than Input_Test_ID, reducing the storage space needed to store the access code. To gain entry to the desired mode, however, a party will need to supply a much larger number. While it is possible multiple inputs may hash to match H_Test_ID, it is statistically improbable that an improper input access code will result in a match using present day hashing algorithms such as SHA-1 or ND5.
Additionally, the design of
While the use of the hashed access code has been described in connection with test mode access, it could be used to provide security in any appropriate situation, such as access to change system parameters, as discussed above.
Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested to those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any modifications or alternative embodiments that fall within the scope of the claims.
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|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system for coupling an X.509 digital certificate with a host identity
|Jul 12, 2000
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|International Business Machines Corporation
|Methods, systems and computer program products for rule based firmware updates utilizing certificate extensions and certificates for use therein
|Sep 28, 2001
|Dec 20, 2005
|Intel Corporation
|Technique to support co-location and certification of executable content from a pre-boot space into an operating system runtime environment
|May 10, 2002
|Feb 28, 2006
|Intel Corporation
|System and method for loading and integrating a firmware extension onto executable base system firmware during initialization
|Mar 18, 2002
|Mar 21, 2006
|Swisscom Mobile Ag
|Method for verifying in a mobile device the authenticity of electronic certificates issued by a certification authority and corresponding identification module
|Jun 5, 1998
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|Thomson Licensing
|Conditional access system for set-top boxes
|Aug 17, 2001
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|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Client controlled data recovery management
|Sep 27, 2001
|Jun 20, 2006
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system for controlling use of software programs
|May 30, 2001
|Sep 12, 2006
|Ntt Docomo, Inc.
|Electronic value system
|Mar 31, 2000
|Sep 19, 2006
|Intel Corporation
|Generating isolated bus cycles for isolated execution
|Jun 28, 2002
|Oct 24, 2006
|Motorola, Inc.
|Method and system for vehicle authentication of a component class
|Apr 30, 2002
|Nov 21, 2006
|Intel Corporation
|Methods and arrangements to interface memory
|Apr 19, 2002
|Jan 2, 2007
|Diebold, Incorporated
|System and method of securely installing a terminal master key on an automated banking machine
|Mar 10, 1999
|Feb 6, 2007
|Microsoft Corporation
|System and method for authenticating an operating system to a central processing unit, providing the CPU/OS with secure storage, and authenticating the CPU/OS to a third party
|Apr 4, 2002
|Aug 7, 2007
|Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation
|Network authentication system, method, and program, service providing apparatus, certificate authority, and user terminal
|Feb 13, 2001
|Sep 18, 2007
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Method and system for distributing programs using tamper resistant processor
|Mar 22, 2002
|Nov 27, 2007
|Safenet, Inc.
|Security system for a data communications network
|Dec 27, 2000
|Jul 12, 2001
|Arcot Systems, Inc.
|Computer-readable medium having a private key encryption program
|Mar 12, 2002
|Jul 25, 2002
|Hou-Yuan Lin
|Dual basic input/output system for a computer
|Mar 27, 2001
|Feb 20, 2003
|John Newton
|Server with multiple encryption libraries
|May 9, 2002
|Feb 12, 2004
|Merkle James A.
|Systems and methods for the prevention of unauthorized use and manipulation of digital content
|Sep 10, 2002
|Mar 11, 2004
|David Scott Collier
|Methods and systems for management and control of an automation control module
|Jun 26, 1997
|Jan 7, 1998
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for firmware authentication
|Sep 10, 1997
|May 20, 1998
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Dynamic classes of service for an international cryptography framework
|Nov 24, 1997
|Jun 24, 1998
|NCR International, Inc.
|Secure data processing method and system
|Aug 10, 1999
|Feb 24, 2000
|Intel Corporation
|Digital content protection using a secure booting method and apparatus
|Sep 29, 2000
|Apr 5, 2001
|Aristocrat Technologies Australia Pty Limited
|Gaming security system
|Feb 13, 2002
|Aug 22, 2002
|Gatespace Ab
|A security architecture
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 9, 2009
|Dec 3, 2013
|Acer Cloud Technology, Inc.
|Programming non-volatile memory in a secure processor
|Oct 9, 2009
|Dec 31, 2013
|Acer Cloud Technology, Inc.
|Certificate verification
|Oct 9, 2009
|Oct 7, 2014
|Acer Cloud Technology, Inc.
|Programming on-chip non-volatile memory in a secure processor using a sequence number
|Apr 8, 2014
|Feb 16, 2016
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Secure network deployment
|May 20, 2014
|Sep 20, 2016
|Motorola Solutions, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for securing a debugging session
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|Acer Cloud Technology Inc.
|Programming on-chip non-volatile memory in a secure processor using a sequence number
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|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
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|Apr 8, 2014
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|Cisco Technology, Inc.
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|U.S. Classification
|713/156, 709/227
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 26, 2003
Owner name: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:AZEMA, JEROME L.;CHATEAU, ALAIN;BALARD, ERIC J.-L.;REEL/FRAME:014530/0646
Effective date: 20030826
|Jul 28, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
McCall 7210; ©1932; Ladies' & Misses' Set of Collars & Cuffs. Featured in January 1933 McCall Style News.
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I look forward to strawberry season every year. Fresh strawberries are such a simple pleasure and you can do so many things with them. This is a very easy homemade strawberry jam recipe using the Ball Jam and Jelly maker. I just love mine and use it all the time. Although, this year I got […]
Archive for May, 2014
Easy Homemade Strawberry Jam Recipe
Easy Bread Pudding Recipe
What do you get when you have 1/3 of a loaf of stale Italian bread, eggs, milk, cinnamon, nutmeg, and vanilla? Bread pudding! My husband is such a lucky guy. He wakes up on a Sunday morning to warm bread pudding and a fresh pot of coffee. I will remind him a few times today […]
Easy Chicken and Wild Rice Casserole Recipe
On a sunny Sunday afternoon I landscaped my yard and it turned out really nice. The funny thing is when I was done, the neighbors cat was sleeping under my purple Magnolia tree and it looked like I had planted a cat. I was so tired I didn't feel like cooking anything elaborate so I […]
Easy Blueberry Muffin Recipe
This recipe simply can't get any better or easier. Buy your favorite blueberry muffin mix and substitute the vegetable oil with coconut oil. Now toss that nasty can of blueberries into the trash and use 1 cup of whole fresh blueberries instead. How easy is that? And, so yummy!
Lite Chicken Quesadilla Recipe
I could eat Mexican food 5 days a week. This is a quick and easy lite chicken quesadilla recipe because you're going to use chicken that is already cooked and lower fat ingredients along with whole wheat tortillas. I always make extra so I can take the leftovers for lunch. You might want to, also.


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Homemade pot noodle
Enjoy the speed and flavour of an instant noodle pot without any of the hidden nasties with this simple homemade version. We've gone for chicken flavour, but you could adapt this recipe to make whichever is your favourite - just don't forget the all-important sweetcorn!
Get the recipe: Homemade pot noodle
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text: Of course, as you near retirement, you won't have years ahead of you to keep contributing. Watching the money melt away can be painful -- which is why we've talked about having some "chicken money" on the side, so you won't panic in market declines. Didn't follow that advice? Now all you can do is ask yourself whether you'll feel worse if you don't sell and the market drops more, or if you do -- and the market rallies. When everyone decides to answer that question by selling, we'll be at the bottom. Don't kick yourself for not selling earlier. And don't kick yourself later for missing the rebound. You're along for the entire ride. America's economy will grow again, and so will your stocks. The lessons that cost the most, teach the most. If you didn't allocate some assets to safety so you can sleep at night, you've learned an expensive lesson. You'll get another chance to put it to good use, although that may be quite a few years from now. And that's The Savage Truth!


text:
TVH Weekly: Wayne Lyons & Lamar Dawson Visits, Kellen Jones
These next few weeks will be crucial for the finish of Michigan's recruiting class. This weekend and next weekend will see Michigan hosting lots of talent. Here's a few updates on some of those recruits, a new visitor scheduled, and a current commitment.
Wayne Lyons
6'0", 190 lbs.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Michigan was outside of Wayne's top list for a while, and they weren't sure if they would get an official visit from him. He decided that the Wolverines would be included in his top five, which will result in the official. He'll be in Ann Arbor this weekend with his mother to take in the campus.
I'm really just looking for comfort, and I want the coaches to make it clear to me how I'm going to fit into the system. I'm hoping to see a good environment and campus, and how the coaching staff works. I'll also be looking at depth charts, and I know Michigan needs defensive backs.
An important factor in this process will be Wayne's mother, who will be accompanying him on this visit.
My mom is really looking for a lot of the same things that I am. She wants to feel comfortable with the school, and feel comfortable enough to let me go there.
His mother has been on all his trips with him so far and will also be at his final visit to Nebraska. Lyons will be making his announcement at the Army All American game, and Michigan has been making some strides with him. Also visiting this weekend are four star Maryland DB Blake Countess, who Michigan is in good shape for, and current commit DB Delonte Hollowell. I'll update as I hear any more recruits that will be in town.
Lamar Dawson
6'2", 230 lbs.
Danville, Kentucky
Dawson had told me a few weeks back that he wasn't as interested in Michigan as some of the other schools in his top seven. He has always maintained that Michigan is in that top seven, but they needed some work to do. They will now get a chance to do that work, as he's decided to schedule a visit to Ann Arbor.
I'm coming up there on January 22nd. Michigan's in my top seven, and I didn't get to go there for a game so I thought I'd come and take a look. I don't really have any leaders right now, but I'm looking for a place that I feel comfortable. I haven't really seen as much of Michigan, so they're still a little behind some others.
As he noted Michigan is behind, but like Lyons a visit is a step in the right direction. Dawson won't be making his decision until signing day, so there's plenty of time to think about it, plenty of time for Michigan to let him know how much they want him. The other schools he lists in his top seven are Tennessee, USC, Florida, Louisville, Kentucky, and Oregon.
Kellen Jones
6'1", 210 lbs.
Houston, Texas
Kellen's family is as excited as anyone for him to join the Michigan family. His father is an MGoBlog reader, and wanted me to share a few things with his fellow fans. The pictures below are of Kellen with former Michigan linebacker Jarrett Irons at a family get together, and the second with Coach Rodriguez and former Michigan great Desmond Howard. Below that is a highlight tape from one of Kellen's games a few weeks ago against St. Thomas, where his team won 33-28 (ED: I'm having problems with uploading the video to YouTube. I'll post it when it goes up). Enjoy.
- New Jersey TE Jack Tabb is visiting North Carolina this weekend, and most likely Arkansas on the 10th. He's hoping to have his decision made by Christmas. Michigan has put themselves in good position with Tabb after his official visit.
Denard Robinson Action Figure - BigTen POY Special Edition
Last night Denard Robinson was named the 2010 BigTen Offensive Player of the Year. Coaches and members of the media agreed that one of the nation's most explosive players was worthy of the conference's top offensive honor.
Earlier this season I created the Denard Robinson Action Figure, Heisman Trophy Candidate Edition (but not really real, lawyers). I made some modifications to the original artwork to give the action figure a "legendary" feel and to commemorate Denard Robinson's stellar season; the modifications include sepia tone on the cardboard packaging, a platinum football and special edition text.
As happy as I was with the Ohio State wallpaper, after another embarrassing loss in The Game I'd much rather see this on my desktop until the bowl game destination and opponent are announced. Once I know to which sunny location Michigan is headed (and who they'll be facing) I'll get started on a series of wallpapers for the lead-up to the game.
The image below is a preview only. You can get the widescreen, 4:3, iPad and mobile wallpapers at The Art. The Art. The Art!.
All of the 2010 Wallpapers
Season Wallpaper - Denard Robinson Action Figure
Game 1 Connecticut Wallpaper - Husky Puppy Piddles in Fear
Game 2 Notre Dame Wallpaper - Touchdown Jesus Says "No Good"
Game 3 Massachusetts Wallpaper - The $550,000 Cupcake
Game 4 Bowling Green Wallpaper - Wolverine vs. Falcon
Game 5 Indiana Wallpaper - Good at Basketball
Game 6 Michigan State Wallpaper - Sibling Rivalry
Game 7 Iowa Wallpaper - Maize is Blue
Game 8 Penn State Wallpaper - The Eyes Have It
Game 8 Penn State Wallpaper - JoePa Halloween Costume
Game 9 Illinois Wallpaper - We Be Illin'
Game 10 Purdue Wallpaper - I Think We Can! I Think We Can?
Game 11 Wisconsin Wallpaper - Cheesehead Cross Stitch
Game 12 Ohio State Wallpaper - The Game
Thanksgiving Wallpaper - Turpigskin
2010 All Big 10 Teams
Tim didn't include the full All Big-10 Team for 2010 as voted on by the coaches. Denard is an honorable mention, presumably because only the coaches vote for the whole team while the media also vote on Player of the Year. Congrats to all, including David Molk (1st Team), Roy Roundtree, Jonas Mouton, and Mike Martin (2nd Team), and Steve Shilling (Honorable Mention).
Also, Ryan Kerrigan took home Defensive POY, Gabe Carimi (Wisconsin) was voted Lineman of the Year and his teammate James White is Freshman of the Year.
2010 All-Big Ten Conference Football Team
As selected by CONFERENCE COACHES
|Dan Persa, Northwestern
|Scott Tolzien, Wisconsin
|Mikel Leshoure, Illinois
|Running Back
|Evan Royster, Penn State
|Dan Herron, Ohio State
|Running Back
|John Clay, Wisconsin
|Tandon Doss, Indiana*
|Marvin McNutt, Iowa#
|Derrell Johnson-Koulianos, Iowa*
|Dane Sanzenbacher, Ohio State*
|David Molk, Michigan
|Mike Brewster, Ohio State
|Stefen Wisniewski, Penn State
|Julian Vandervelde, Iowa
|John Moffitt, Wisconsin
|Justin Boren, Ohio State
|Mike Adams, Ohio State
|Riley Reiff, Iowa
|Gabe Carimi, Wisconsin
|D.J. Young, Michigan State
|Lance Kendricks, Wisconsin
|Tight End
|Allen Reisner, Iowa
|Dan Conroy, Michigan State
|Derek Dimke, Illinois
|Adrian Clayborn, Iowa
|Corey Liuget, Illinois
|Cameron Heyward, Ohio State
|Karl Klug, Iowa
|Ryan Kerrigan, Purdue
|Mike Martin, Michigan
|J.J. Watt, Wisconsin
|Ollie Ogbu, Penn State
|Greg Jones, Michigan State
|Martez Wilson, Illinois
|Ross Homan, Ohio State
|Jeremiha Hunter, Iowa
|Brian Rolle, Ohio State
|Eric Gordon, Michigan State
|Shaun Prater, Iowa
|Defensive Back
|Brett Greenwood, Iowa*
|Tyler Sash, Iowa
|Defensive Back
|Johnny Adams, Michigan State*
|Chimdi Chekwa, Ohio State
|Defensive Back
|Trenton Robinson, Michigan State*
|Jermale Hines, Ohio State
|Defensive Back
|Chris L. Rucker, Michigan State*
|Defensive Back
|Aaron Henry, Wisconsin*
|Anthony Santella, Illinois
|Aaron Bates, Michigan State
HONORABLE MENTION: ILLINOIS: Jeff Allen, Nate Bussey, Trulon Henry, Graham Pocic, Tavon Wilson; INDIANA: Damarlo Belcher, James Brewer, Mitch Ewald; IOWA: Christian Ballard, Mike Daniels, Adam Robinson, Ryan Donahue; MICHIGAN: Denard Robinson, Stephen Schilling; MICHIGAN STATE: Edwin Baker, Kirk Cousins, Mark Dell, Joel Foreman, Charlie Gantt, Marcus Hyde, Jerel Worthy; MINNESOTA: D.J. Burris; NORTHWESTERN: Drake Dunsmore, Jeremy Ebert, Brian Peters; OHIO STATE: Devin Barclay, DeVier Posey, Terrelle Pryor, John Simon; PENN STATE: Quinn Barham, Chris Colasanti, D'Anton Lynn, Derek Moye; PURDUE: Ricardo Allen, Dwayne Beckford, Carson Wiggs; WISCONSIN: Montee Ball, Niles Brinkley, Antonio Fenelus, Peter Konz, Bill Nagy, Blake Sorensen, Mike Taylor, Ricky Wagner, Philip Welch, James White, Kevin Zeitler.
|Denard Robinson, Michigan
|Gabe Carimi, Wisconsin
|Ryan Kerrigan, Purdue
|Ryan Kerrigan, Purdue
|James White, Wisconsin
Big Ten Sportsmanship Award Honorees: Tavon Wilson, ILL; Tyler Replogle, IND; Ricky Stanzi, IOWA; Mark Moundros, MICH; Kirk Cousins, MSU; Jon Hoese, MINN; Corbin Bryant, NU; Bryant Browning, OSU; Brett Brackett, PSU; Ryan Kerrigan, PUR; Scott Tolzien, WIS.
The Whine
This is my first journal entry. Never thought I'd see a reason to do so. Brian's and company, as well as large portion of the casual/everyday posters had been enough for me. I really didn't then, or probaby, now,have anything that would bring anything new or better written. Now, knowing my opinion is just that, my opinion, I feel compelled to hunt and peck this entry.
Why....why would any sane fan of this great team even entertain the idea of a coaching change? I don't need to recount everything you already know. Plain and simple when we hired R.R we hired a new era. I've watched this TEAM for 40 yrs. I know what a Michigan man is. Michigan men don't say big blue and thet don't whine like buckeyes when for the first time since I was a young boy we don't get our nine wins every season -- nine being a give or take sorta thing. I'm not gonna go research the #'s but i believe I was 12 the last time we didn't make a bowl. Now two years and we're back. But i still hear this whine.
If I could justify any of the numerous reasons, maybe just one, this entry would never be made. I see the same #'s, opinions, polls and content that you do; and as hard as I've tried to stay off the boards I cannot. Michigan is MICHIGAN for a reason. We are truly the leaders and the best. Sometimes "leading" can be painful. When these kid have had a chance...a fair shot at showing their talent and heart, we will have, as you've already seen, the most dynamic point scoring machine this league has ever seen. Denard now with Devin in the wings. What else do you want ? Everyone sans S.S is back. But still this whine.
KIDS who shouldn't even see playing time for two years are thrown into the Big 10 and I hear whine. Are you kidding me ! ? The talent is there and the heart is as big as I've seen. Give these kids a chance, a fair shot. Is a year too much ? Practices before the 28th, the bowl game, off season...We'll have a decent D next year. R.R and company have had nooooo luck. None. I read it in here somewhere; no special teams, no defense and we manage 7-5. If you were told preseason of the injury plague that would be our defense this year; would you have bet on 7-5 ? I wouldn't have.
I know in my heart and soul he needs only 2011 to make his case. By 2012 we'll be a BCS contender. We have the chance to witness something special, Something new and ahead of the curve -- the Big 10 has never seen what they'll see once these guys grow up. You don't think he "fits" or isn't a Michigan man; that's on you. I want to see what I've always seen at the Big House: a team other teams are afraid of. A team that dominates and executes and does it with integrity and class. You think Tress would have suspended a key player prior to this game ?
No more whine. The pain is over you just don't know it yet. "Coaching changes yes....Regime change ? Naw baby naw.....D.B is laughing at all R.R haters and those quick to squeeze the trigger. He know's......I know he knows. But I still had to hunt and peck....and I feel better ;-)
Hard to Disagree with Both "Sides"
Disclaimer: This is my opinion. And for the record, because the decision to keep or fire Rich Rodriguez is completely out of my hands, I no longer have an opinion on the subject. I trust the people in charge and will go with whatever decision they make. Unlike most of these other diaries, this has no statistics. They just aren't my thing. I warn you, this is long. It is basically my rationale for being rational. Take it for what it is worth... Thanks.
After the Ohio State beatdown, I was angry and wanted RR fired. Sunday I was too angry about the Wiki Leaks guy so I cooled down a little bit. On Monday, after seeing Denard Robinson win the Big Ten Offensive Player of the Year award, I've cooled down significantly and am looking at things more rationally, but not delusionally by any means.
Rich Rodriguez has done a terrible job coaching this team his first three years. When his WVU DC wasn't coming, he should have kept Ron English because he doesn't know shit about defense and/or the Big Ten. Ron English wasn't the greatest DC, but he was young, had energy and the respect of the kids that we had. RR should have adjusted his offense to Threet's talents, but he either didn't know how or was too stubborn. Then comes Tate, played well but he was a Freshman - what did you expect? Then Denard played flat out amazing but still he was a first year starter (Who won Big Ten OPOY). The defense? Can't honestly say Greg or Shafer are terrible coordinators or RR is a moron for forcing a system and staff upon them (or both). Either way, the entire coaching has failed when it comes to tackling. Every football player needs to know how to tackle with proper form. Offense on turnovers, special teams, and obviously defense. That is a fundamental. RR needs to give up on his defense philosophy and fire his friend Tony Gibson. On special teams, the kicking game is partly RR's fault, but Gibbons was a bust. Hagerup is great. Poor tackling on returns - that is mostly on Tony Gibson and partly on the other coaches for not teaching this fundamental football move. I don't know if they break down special teams film to look at teams blocking schemes on special teams, but uh, it didn't look like it. The injuries in 2010 really hurt, especially on defense and in our run game. Red zone turnovers by a first year starter at QB really killed us in some of those games, too.
It's a real conundrum we are in. Fire him and somewhat start over with a new guy, although I think the transition wouldn't be as bad as 2008 with a coach that isn't as stubborn as RR. Or say that for the first time, we have a returning QB that has proved he is electric. A stable of great WRs and RBs, many who are upperclassmen. Solid OL. Solid incoming recruits. Defense returning from an injury plagued year with many young players that had on the job training and game experience that will have an entire new staff running their own that is actually effective in defending Big Ten offenses (that is a MUST if RR stays). If RR can't handle an autonomous defense, then he is not all in for Michigan and should be fired. You want to build the best program in America right? Then bring in the best Defensive Coordinator and Staff you can find and let them do it their way, the same way you do it with your offense.
I pity David Brandon for having to make this decision. It basically makes or breaks his legacy as an AD. (And could have an impact on his political future, who knows.) Fans, media and former players all calling for the coach's head. Does he succumb to their demands? Does he see what I stated above and say "One More Year?" If he gives him another year and we have great season in 2011, he is a genius. T shirts will be made, "Patience is a virtue? No - David Brandon is patience." If we flop, he is a chump with no credibility.
In 2008 when Rich Rodriguez was hired, there were people who didn't like him. 3-9? More people didn't like him. First NCAA violations in program history? More. 5-7? More. 7-5 with poundings by Big Ten's elite? Even more. And it's hard to argue against those people, it has not been pretty or fun by any means. And then there are the people who stood by the coach no matter what, because he was the Michigan coach. As long as they always pulled for Michigan to win, these groups are the same - just passionate Michigan fans with strong opinions. And today, there is a supposed divide amongst the Michigan faithful. FIRE HIM NOW and WAIT AND SEE. These groups are also one in the same - one views the glass half full, the other half empty. The WAIT AND SEE group is no doubt angry with the way this coach has mismanaged and poorly coached his way into a hole in the job of a lifetime and straight up dragged Michigan through the mud. With all the drama and losing the past couple years, they still ask for patience because they want to see where this thing goes when some stability is involved (minus the defensive coaches =)..) The FIRE HIM NOW group wants to...well..FIRE HIM NOW. And you can't really blame them for feeling this way after the past few seasons. At the same time, as much as they were saddened, angered and frustrated by watching the games we lost, they can't tell me that they weren't thrilled watching Denard Robinson go apeshit on Notre Dame or the defense coming through in 3OT against Illinois. I know you can argue that all the wins, yards and points came against lesser opponents, a back-up QB at ND and vs. UCONN, Bowling Green. You can argue that we played close games against bad teams. (We did, FCS UMASS 42-37 are you kidding me?) You can argue that we were not even close in any of our losses, and that most yards and points came in on clean-up duty defenses. Once again, you are probably right. You don't even have to argue about the defense. However, you can't argue against the fact that our offense has shown flashes of being unstoppable and that the defense was plagued by freak injuries that forced inexperienced players, young and old, to play in games they had no business seeing the field in. We are stuck between a rock and a hard place. If you want the coach to stay for one more year, you should be able to support him and still agree that he has done a horrendous job thus far and excuses about the cupboard being bare aren't applicable anymore. You should demand he stays away from the defense. If you want him fired now, ask yourself this question. If you could turn the page and take a peek as to what 2011 holds for Michigan Football with Rich Rodriguez, would you be curious enough to take a look? If you would, then maybe your mind isn't as made up as you thought it was.
MGoBoard: "'Should we keep Rodriguez?' 'Yes.'"
About five weeks ago, I took two polls after the loss to Penn State. The results were not too surprising, but I felt that it would be interesting to see what the board thinks after all of the ANGAR. Well there has been a large amount of ANGAR after the game on Saturday, so I conducted another poll. Admittedly, the loss was probably too fresh in our minds, but I was impatient, and I wanted to see if all of you really wanted to keep this guy. There have been several hundred responses to each survey, and I really appreciate everyone taking the time to do this.
The answer is yes, MGoBoard still wants Rich Rodriguez to coach Michigan again in 2011
After the Penn State game (with the assumption of a 7-5 record), I asked if Michigan should retain Rich Rodriguez as head coach.
|% of responses
|I'm not sure
After the game this weekend, the responses were not quite as steadfast in their support of Rodriguez, but there is still a clear majority in favor of retaining Rodriguez. Apparently 7-5 looked better five weeks ago than it does now, and the way that the games were won or lost were probably not exactly what most of us had envisioned at that point, although nobody thought that Michigan would beat Wisconsin (88% thought that Michigan would lose) or Ohio State (85%).
|% of responses
|I'm not sure
GERG is not as lucky as Rodriguez however. The responses to asking if Michigan should retain Greg Robinson weren't shocking.
Five weeks ago:
|% of responses
|I'm not sure
|% of responses
|I'm not sure
I think we're pretty clear on this. Needless to say, MGoBoard wants Greg Robinson to resign, retire, or be fired. I think the consensus is that Rich Rodriguez will need to completely overhaul his defensive coaching staff, starting at the top, make a good hire this time, and give the defensive coordinator free reign in personnel, strategic, and recruiting decisions. Greg Robinson has failed here (and it was not entirely his fault), but we're fed up with the performance on defense and we think it's time for a change.
The other four questions that I asked were pretty consistent in their responses, but yet again, there was less of a clear cut majority. Keep in mind that most of the responses in the previous polls were largely given with the assumption that Michigan would not beat Illinois and finish 6-6.
Has Michigan shown enough improvement in Rich Rodriguez's tenure?
|I'm not sure
Can Michigan eventually succeed under Rodriguez?
|I'm not sure
Would Michigan be better off with Rodriguez as head coach in 2011 than without?
|I'm not sure
Take a guess: Will Michigan retain Rich Rodriguez as head coach?
|I'm not sure
Well, there you have it. I would agree with the majority who want Rodriguez to have another year (personally I think that a coach should have more than three years to build a program and that it's hard to discount the progress that has occurred from 2008 to now), but I understand some of the perspectives of those who wish to have a change in coaching occur because it has been frustrating to seee the team perform so poorly.
A couple of interesting responses from some seemingly irrelevant questions from the earlier survey:
Question #5: If a coaching change is made, should it be done before or after the bowl game?
- Before – 51%
- After – 37%
- I'm not sure – 12%
Question #8: Would Jim Harbaugh be the best candidate if Rodriguez is fired?
- Yes – 48%
- No – 19%
- I'm not sure – 33%
There isn't really correlation between these two and any other of the questions, so there isn't really much to be gained other than just an answer to my curiosity, I suppose. By the way I don't think that this is a place to start a "'Jim Harbaugh is awesome!' 'No he's not!" flamewar (which are kind of annoying anyways)*
*new emphasis
There are countless other threads in which to debate the merits of Jim Harbaugh, and I wonder what the response would be now if I asked the same question, but it is irrelevant because as of now, Rich Rodriguez is our coach and devoting so much time debating the merits of a possible replacement coach if he is fired is potentially pointless.


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A huge painting of a rat by street artist Banksy which famously adorned a Liverpool pub has been saved, and needy city charities will reap the benefits.
The iconic picture had stared out from the wall of the now derelict White House pub since 2004 but was under threat after being eroded by elements.
However, a plan to save the Rat by carefully removing it from its location has succeeded, and the work of art is now set to raise a significant sum when it goes up for auction shortly.
Stuart Howard of Ascot Property Group told the Liverpool Echo: "If Banksy's Liverpool Rat could feasibly have remained on the Whitehouse pub, or even returned to the building, then we would have been happy to give it pride of place.
"We took the advice of experts and it lead to the conclusion that this was simply not an option.
"The piece has now been preserved and we will ensure that a number of fantastic Liverpool causes benefit from its sale."


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One More Thank You for BBAW
I have been thanked for producing this lovely piece of work…
…and it wasn't me who did it! Well, I had the idea, but ideas often don't translate well unless you have Photoshop and/or Illustrator. Which I don't. Well, I DO have a version of Photoshop I just don't get it.
So, like I said, I had this idea, but it was coming out rather rough, so I emailed my friend (I think I can call her a friend now) Monica, who blogs at Monniblog, and is a GRAPHIC DESIGNER, and she totally made this button happen.
C'mere! Check out Monica's portfolio!
I won't even be uploading my lousy efforts for you to point at and laugh. Instead, I'd like to set the record straight that my piddly efforts are nothing compared to Monica's work.
Thank you, Monica! You ROCK!
| Tags: bbaw 6 comments »


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Our Best Barbecue Side DishesFrom potato salad to hush puppies, prepare these delicious dishes.
Herbed Sausage Breakfast Casserole Recipe
27 Minutes
4 Hours, 37 Minutes
Serves 8 to 10
This casserole is full of traditional breakfast ingredients, but it's hearty enough to serve any time of day. Start by browning the sausage. You'll have to watch it carefully to ensure it doesn't overcook. It should take around 8 to 10 minutes for the sausage to brown and turn crumbly. Don't toss that grease once the sausage is done! You'll cook the peppers and onions in the drippings to give them an even deeper flavor. Layer the ingredients in the bottom of a lightly greased slow cooker. The order is important here. Start with the hash browns, then add the cooked sausage and vegetables. Pour the egg, milk, and herb mixture next. Finish with a sprinkling of cheese. Remove the lid for the last 10 minutes of cooking to set the casserole.
- 2 (16-oz.) packages sausage
- 1 red bell pepper, minced
- 1 sweet onion, minced
- 3 garlic cloves, minced
- Vegetable cooking spray
- 1 (28-oz.) package frozen sea salt, onion, garlic, and white pepper shredded hash browns, thawed (such as Alexia)
- 1 (12-oz.) can evaporated milk
- 12 large eggs
- 1/2 cup chopped fresh basil
- 1/4 cup chopped fresh parsley
- 2 cups (8 oz.) shredded sharp Cheddar cheese
- Garnish: fresh flat-leaf parsley leaves
How to Make
Brown sausage in a large skillet over medium-high, stirring often, 8 to 10 minutes or until meat crumbles and is no longer pink. Remove sausage from skillet using a slotted spoon; reserve 2 tablespoons drippings in skillet. Cook pepper and onion in hot drippings over medium until tender. Add garlic, and cook 1 minute.
Lightly grease a 6-quart slow cooker with cooking spray. Place hash browns in slow cooker. Top with cooked sausage and vegetable mixture.
Whisk together milk and eggs until frothy. Stir in basil and parsley. Pour over sausage mixture. Sprinkle with cheese. Cover and cook on LOW for 4 hours or until beginning to set. Remove lid and cook 10 minutes.


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by Staff Writers
Washington (AFP) Sept 10, 2011
A F-16 pilot scrambled on 9/11 to prevent another attack on the US capital says she was prepared to ram her plane into a hijacked aircraft -- as there was no time to arm her plane with missiles.
Amid fears another hijacked airliner was barreling towards Washington, Heather Penney, then a lieutenant in the Washington DC National Guard, was one of two pilots ordered to take off without delay, she said in a recent interview.
The threat of an attack on US soil was seen as such a remote possibility at the time that the 121st fighter squadron at Andrews Air Force base outside Washington had no fully-armed fighter jets on standby.
With only 105 lead-nosed bullets on board, Penney and Colonel Marc Sasseville took to the skies, while two other F-16s waited to be armed with heat-seeking AIM-9 missiles, Penney told C-SPAN television this week.
The pilots had orders from the White House to take out any plane that refused to heed warnings and land, so the two pilots agreed on their plan.
"We wouldn't be shooting it down. We would be ramming the aircraft because we didn't have weapons on board to be able to shoot the airplane down," Penney said.
As they were putting on their flight gear, "Sass looked at me and said, 'I'll ram the cockpit.'
"And I had made the decision that I would take the tail off the aircraft," she said.
Penney said she "knew if I took off the tail of the aircraft, that it would essentially go straight down and so the pattern of debris would be minimized."
She said she thought about possibly ejecting just before impact.
"I would essentially be a kamikaze and ram my aircraft into the tail of the aircraft. I gave some thought to, you know, would I have time to eject?"
But the young pilot was concerned about failing to hit the target.
"I mean you only got one chance, you don't want to eject and have missed, right? "
When she took the plane down the runway, she said she believed it be the last take-off of her life.
In the end, Flight 93 never reached Washington, as passengers assaulted the hijackers in the cockpit and the plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania.
But the F-16 pilots did not learn of the aircraft's fate until later that day, said Penney, now a major.
"The people on Flight 93 were heroes, but they were going to die no matter what," she said. "My concern was how do I minimize collateral damage on the ground."
Later that afternoon, Penney helped escort Air Force One, with former president George W. Bush on board, back to Andrews Air Force base.
A few years later, she flew missions in the Iraq war, hunting for SCUD missiles and backing up special operations forces.
Penney was among the first wave of female fighter pilots and she has since stopped flying full-time. The mother of two girls, she now works as a corporate executive, according to the Washington Post.
On the morning of September 11, 2001, Penney said she was absorbed with the urgent job at hand and had no time for emotions.
"It wasn't so much that I kept my emotions in check. It was that they didn't even exist," she said.
"There was significant adrelaine. It was really just, dear God please don't let me screw up."
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British Guantanamo inmate on hunger strike
London Sept 9, 2011
The last remaining British detainee at the Guantanamo Bay prison has gone on hunger strike and said in a letter obtained by the BBC on Friday that he is being treated inhumanely. Shaker Aamer has been held at the US-run prison in Cuba for almost 10 years despite being cleared for release in 2007 when the administration of then-US president George W. Bush acknowledged it had no evidence again ... read more
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If you don't mind coloring your own hair then there is a stock up deal at CVS right now. I am in desperate need of some touch ups. I have a patch of gray on the side of my head that is truly showing my age. I have finally accepted the fact that I am getting older. It didn't help last Friday when I was listening to our local radio station and they played a Friday Free for All (in my younger days we called this the oldies) and I knew all of the songs that they were playing. You want to talk about feeling old!
At CVS:
BUY FIVE CLAIROL NICE 'N EASY, NATURAL INSTINCTS OR ROOT TOUCH-UP – on sale 2/$12
Get $10 Extra Care Bucks when you buy $30 worth of P&G products
use two $5/2 Clairol Hair Color PG 5/3
use one $2/1 Clairol Hair Color PG 5/3 or SS 4/19
Price at register: $18 but receive $10 ECB
Net Price: $8 ($1.60 each!)
Thanks and photo credit: Wild for CVSExtreme Couponing Tip: You can usually get two prints of most internet coupons. To find them in the easiest possible way, use our preclipped links that take you right to the coupon. Then come back and click the same link to get your 2nd print. This will save you the time spent searching for the coupon.
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Last October, after living more that a year in Perth, I have finally gathered enough confidence and motivation to explore Western Australia on my own. Unlike some of my friends I have no problems at all traveling on my own. Its advantage is that I can plan everything to suit myself and change my plan as I wish . The drawback is of course, I will end up with very few photos of myself. Anyway, I think you have to be confident enough about your safety to travel alone. You must be able to enjoy your own company too. The latter is not easy to many.
So I went to Busselton last October. To me, the biggest attraction of Busselton is the beach. But during my stay there, I found that the Vasse River that flows through the center of Busselton and the wetland of Busselton are great places to visit if you like taking photos.
This wooden plank near the river tells the story about the French sailor after whom the river was named.
The water in the river was quite still. I never like still waters although I must say that their mirror effect looks good on a photo.
And a sign by the river says danger! The sign says don't drink and don't swim. So, you can imagine the conditions of the river.
These nearby waters were connected to the river I think. A good spot for birdwatching. Too bad I didn't have any binoculars with me.
From the river, I went on to see the wetland. Again, a good spot for birdwatching and taking photos. Although the water was probably housing some snakes or worms (both of which freak me out), doesn't the place look gorgeous on photos!


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
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|Marcel Reutegger <mreut...@adobe.com>
|RE: NodeStates and security (Re: svn commit: r1458234 - in /jackrabbit/oak/trunk: oak-core/src/main/java/org/apache/jackrabbit/oak/core/ oak-core/src/main/java/org/apache/jackrabbit/oak/kernel/ oak-core/src/main/java/org/apache/jackrabbit/oak/plugins/v...
|Thu, 21 Mar 2013 13:02:59 GMT
Hi, I don't mean to disrupt your conversation about moving permission evaluation further down the stack, but I still wanted to mention that my initial understanding of the issue was actually different. this may be a misunderstanding on my side, though I still would like to hear from others what they think. so, here's how I understood the motivation so far and what I thought a solution would look like: Permission evaluation is changed in a way that it does not use the OAK API anymore, but rather operates on the NodeState API. E.g. Angela earlier mentioned she'd like to have Tree.equals() as is available on NodeState. Redesigning the evaluation to work on NodeStates would have solved this problem. Do we really understand well enough what the consequences are moving permission evaluation even further down? I.e. *below* the NodeState API? So far I considered this API a low level storage interface, which is not aware of users. Regards Marcel > -----Original Message----- > From: Jukka Zitting [mailto:email@example.com] > Sent: Donnerstag, 21. März 2013 08:57 > To: Oak devs > Subject: Re: NodeStates and security (Re: svn commit: r1458234 - in > /jackrabbit/oak/trunk: oak- > core/src/main/java/org/apache/jackrabbit/oak/core/ oak- > core/src/main/java/org/apache/jackrabbit/oak/kernel/ oak- > core/src/main/java/org/apache/jackrabbit/oak/plugins/v... > > Hi, > > On Wed, Mar 20, 2013 at 6:46 PM, Angela Schreiber <email@example.com> > wrote: > > the only thing i keep struggling with is: i don't want to evaluate > > read access for all parent items > > There shouldn't be a need for doing that. > > Since the proposed getChildNode() calls would never return null, there > won't be a need to perform access control checks on that method (the > return value gives out no information about the presence, absense or > accessibility of a node). The access check is only needed for the > exists() and other NodeState methods that get called if a node is > actually being read instead of just traversed. > > For example, accessing a path like the mentioned "/foo/bar", would > ultimately boil down to something like the following sequence of > calls: > > NodeState root = ...; > NodeState foo = root.getChildNode("foo"); // no access check > NodeState bar = foo.getChildNode("bar"); // no access check > if (bar.exists()) { // access check performed here > return new Node(bar); > } else { > throw new NotFoundException(); > } > > BR, > > Jukka Zitting
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Upcoming Events
Based on our scope of knowledge, the AAOA Basic and Advanced Courses in Allergy & Immunology build on each other to help give the healthcare practitioner the tools needed to diagnose and manage allergy patients. Our Annual Meeting offers attendees an opportunity to hear cutting-edge research and current clinical management debates to help translate it into their day-to-day practice. The program is augmented with focused instruction courses and workshops to help assure all our attendees gain value for the time spent.
Click an event below to learn more and to register online.
Latest from AAOA
Make your voice heard on USP 797. Click here to sign the petition.
2017 AAOA Annual Meeting | September 8-10 | Chicago, IL
2017 AAOA Advanced Course | December 6-9 | Vail, CO


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People have a sneaking suspicion that that if you're a landlord, you've got it made! You just wait at home, trade name in no doubt that the flat or houses that you've leased out are good kept up and, at the end of the month (or at the end of the week, depending on your design next to your tenant), you will receive a draft amounting to the let out that's due.
If you have your home in an perfect world, that would be serious. But you continue living in the historical global - a plonk wherever tenants are derelict with their responsibilities; wherever the charge of repair may be more than than what you get in rent; where let out is not e'er compensable on event.
As a landlord, you would have to deal with all these issues, and of all the worries a landholder can face, the furthermost fractious chore would be assembling or reminding tenants of delayed let. Not all landlords are approaching the mean ones shown on TV, wherever they would sound infinitely on your door until you coughing up the offer for rent funding. A lot in fact insight this assignment awkward because it seems like-minded an invasion of secrecy. However, landlords cannot, not pull together lease. It's their cause of income and their means of support. So to breed this discouraging responsibility more than easier for non-confrontational landlords, a means called, Notice of Overdue Rent can be previously owned or else of in truth forthcoming up to the remunerator and interrogative them to pay.Post ads:
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The Notice of Overdue Rent is only a text reminding the tenant that the due day of the month has passed. The format of bunting Notice of Overdue Rent forms are reasonably simple: It should comprise the day of the month the spy was penned, the defamation and addresses of some the landholder and the tenant, a momentary textual matter reminding the payer once sub-let (how considerably) was due and finally, it should as well signify how the tardy offer for rent should be salaried (bank transfer, deposit, by check, etc).
Since the contents of Notice of Overdue Rent reminders are basic, you don't demand to ask a genuine estate attorney or a authentic property causal agency to rough draft one for you. You have the route of any composing one yourself (just be paid sure that all the pertinent finer points are enclosed) or merely purchase and download a manner from the internet and convert this to be appropriate to your requests.
Through the Notice of Overdue Rent form, grouping legal tender from guilty tenants will manifestly be easier.Post ads:
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privatisation in developing countries


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Studio Electronics ModStar 3003 Filter EuroRack Module
The Studio Electronics 3003 is an all-analogue 12hp EuroRack filter module with the tonal characteristics of the Roland TB303.
Main Features
- All analogue Eurorack filter module
- Signature 303 style tones
- 18 dB/octave ladder low pass filter
- Capable of more than just acid style sweeps
- 7 patch points
The 3003 filter is a voltage controlled, discrete analogue 18 db/oct ladder low-pass filter, employing hand-matched transistors. Drop the FREQUENCY knob to 0 and things get pretty dull: swing it back up and those 'Transistor Bass' highs come crashing through the gate. The 3003's RESONANCE circuit at max will sing out more than the TB's signature chirping in a fun, bubbly, if washy, poorer relation, Mini 'clone-ish' way: use it tastefully, or throw moderation to the wind for overwhelming chirp force.
- Read More
The 3003 filter has the most gentle sonic touch of its partners in the Boomstar fold, but nevertheless is quite capable of shaping precise, very dynamic tone. Whether or not this STUDIO ELECTRONICS filter is filling its traditional baseline boxing niche, driving a harsh, liquid, acid-like tone, a softer more rubber-bandy SH-101-ish voice, or out of the bass range altogether, leading the way, all is within easy reach of this surprisingly warm and versatile VCF. The 3003 can be distinctly vocal at times, especially when one is willing to put grittier, more distorted desires aside.
Potentiometer Potential
Three attenuverter and four attenuation pots control the FREQUENCY, RESONANCE, FREQ CV 1, RESO CV, FREQ CV 2, INPUT and OUTPUT, delivering smooth, detailed, and complex expression.
Switch it Up
Classic Minimoog FULL and HALF strength filter frequency keyboard/voltage tracking for rounder low end with brilliant highs.
Patch it Up
Seven patch points: 1 V/O, FREQ CV 1, FREQ CV 2, RESO CV, INPUT and 2x OUTPUT direct the deepest manipulation.
All Controls and Patch Points
FREQUENCY – Adjusts the frequency, or cut-off of the filter.
RESONANCE – Adjusts the resonance of the filter.
FULL HALF TRACK – Switch between full and half keyboard/voltage tracking.
FREQ CV 1 – Frequency control voltage 1 input attenuverter.
RESO CV – Resonance control voltage input attenuverter.
FREQ CV 2 – Frequency control voltage 2 input attenuverter.
INPUT – Adjusts the audio input.
OUTPUT – Adjusts the audio output.
1 V/O – One volt per octave control voltage input.
FREQ CV 1 – Frequency control voltage 1 input.
FREQ CV 2 – Frequency control voltage 2 input.
RESO CV – Resonance control voltage input.
INPUT – Audio input.
OUTPUT x2 – Audio outputs.
Size - 12hp
Depth - 39.7mm with ribbon cable attached
Power Usage - 37mA, 25mA (+12 / -12)
- This product will be ordered in from our suppliers as required. Please contact us for availability.
This item is normally sent to Mainland UK addresses by DPD who generally provide a one-hour window of delivery on the morning of delivery by email or text message. If you need this item faster, please upgrade to a Before 12 service at checkout.
FREE delivery within mainland UK
UK Non-Mainland: £ 12
Rep. of Ireland and Mainland Europe: from £ 15 (calculated at checkout) International orders over £250 are delivered FREE except for large or heavy items. Please see our international delivery page or contact us for details.
1 Recommended Accessory
Additional Information
Condition New On demo in store No
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Hood Bug Deflector; 05-10 Jeep Grand Cherokee WK
This smoked acrylic hood-mounted bug deflector from Rugged Ridge fits 05-10 Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK).
Was: $81.99
Sale: $60.99
Save: 26%
Save: $21.00
Rugged Ridge is an exciting brand developed to provide quality and functional Jeep accessories for the growing Jeep aftermarket. As a Division of Omix-ADA, the leader in replacement parts for Jeep vehicles, the Rugged Ridge pedigree is well established in the market. Rugged Ridge has created over 2,500 products that are custom designed to fit Jeep vehicles and even more are in the pipeline.
- 11350.13
- 11350.13
- 804314235222
- Rugged Ridge
- New
Shipping Information
- Item Requires Shipping
- 1.7 lbs.
- W8.0000" x H2.0000" x L65.0000"
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Periodic Image Trajectories in Earth–Moon Space
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
The problem of identifying orbits that enclose both the Earth and the Moon in a predictable way has theoretical relevance as well as practical implications. In the context of the restricted three-body problem with primaries in circular orbits, periodic trajectories exist and have the property that a third body (e.g. a spacecraft) can describe them indefinitely. Several approaches have been employed in the past for the purpose of identifying similar orbits. In this work the theorem of image trajectories, proven five decades ago, is employed for determining periodic image trajectories in Earth–Moon space. These trajectories exhibit two fundamental features: (i) counterclockwise departure from a perigee on the far side of the Earth, and (ii) counterclockwise arrival to a periselenum on the far side of the Moon. An extensive, systematic numerical search is performed, with the use of a modified Poincaré map, in conjunction with a numerical refinement process, and leads to a variety of periodic orbits, with various interesting features for possible future lunar missions.


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Adult Getaway Weekend at Grotonwood
Can't wait till summer to see all your friends?
Come get away from the day to day and spend a weekend away at your favorite camp! Enjoy shooting at the archery range, creating crafts, and enjoy an off-site trip Saturday afternoon.
Caring, Attentive Staff Members
We take extra care in hiring only the most caring, passionate staff to serve in our Getaway program. Our objective is to engage campers and encourage them to try new things in a safe, fun environment.
How to Sign Up
Fill out the application & mail it in with a $300 payment Once we have received your information, we will send you a confirmation letter & a packet with everything else you'll need to know before coming
About Us
Grotonwood is a Christian camp and conference center in Groton, MA that has served adults with special needs for over 50 years. With its scenic location on the shores of Lost Lake and over 200 acres of forested land, campers can enjoy a wide range of outdoor and creative activities while experiencing Christian fellowship.
Date: Friday April 8, 2016
Sunday April 10, 2016
Cost: $300
DROP OFF: Friday 6:30pm.
Note: Upon arrival please come to the camp store. Please eat dinner prior, a small snack will be served before bedtime.
PICK UP: Sunday 1:00pm
Note: Pick up will be in the Family Center
*Camperships are available to those who may need financial assistance in order to attend camp.
Call the office for details.
167 Prescott Street
Groton, MA 01450


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Luxe Fringe Benefits Tankini
- Luxe Fringe Benefits Tankini Top LU35146-OLV
- Luxe Premier Beach Pant LU32386-GLD
The The Luxe Fringe benefits tankini is perfectly on trend and sexy with a high neck tankini top with full fringe around the midsection. Perfectly paired with a modern metallic gold bottom, this suit is a must have for your beach wardrobe.
Top Style # LU35146-OLV
- High neck
- Over the shoulder straps are adjustable
- Soft sewn in pads
- Open fringe detail around the torso
Bottom Style # LU32386-GLD
- Lowrise
- Full bottom
*Top and bottom sold separately
These bottoms fit true to size. Full coverage back that sits comfortably on your hips. Love them!
Top is amazing! Fits snug so may want to go up one size but overall fit is good. Fringe falls right above bottoms to show off contrast between them. This suit just makes you feel beautiful!
Fast shipping, amazing fit! Quality spot on.
Runs small. Color is also more copper than gold. Had to return it.
Luxe Fringe Benefits Bralette BikiniSKU: LU35176-BLK and LU32366-BLK
$64.00-$168.00$32.00-$84.00Save up to 81%


text: In just one year, Marrow has opened four locations in Manhattan (the first two were dog day care centers he acquired) and a facility at Newark Airport, as well as Spot Country, a long-term boarding facility in upstate New York. Marrow has plans to expand his business further, hiring up to 500 people. New York is "one of the most dog-friendly cities in the world, and people want a top-tier safe environment for their pets when they can't be with them. It's very similar to the quest for schooling and day care in the city. The bar just keeps rising," Marrow says. But spa treatments for their dogs? Apparently so. The pet industry, especially high-end services, is one of today's hottest industries. According to the American Pet Products Associations, consumers are expected to have spent about $51 billion on their pets in 2011. The industry is expected to grow roughly 10% over the next five years, according to APPA figures cited by Spot. Marrow's business plan is working. Spot has a list of celebrity clients that includes Mariah Carey, Glenn Close, Kelly Ripa and former New York Giants players Jim Finn and Todd Pollack, among a host of others. Earlier this week, Spot announced it had entered into a strategic partnership with Bideawee, a pet adoption and pet welfare organization in the Metro New York area. Bidawee doesn't typically partner with for-profit companies, Marrow says, but the agreement allows for Spot to be included in the nonprofit's co-branded marketing materials, events and adoption packets. "The industry is very hot and it's growing, and it's developed the high-end service of the business. But the safety and the professionalism is a very new thing," Marrow says. K-9 Resorts Daycare & Luxury Hotel is also looking to expand its doggy day care business. The company was founded in 2005 by two brothers, Steven and Jason Parker, who had experience in the dog-walking and pet-sitting business in New Jersey but decided to combine those operations and expand in the quickly growing business of luxury dog day care. Last year they started to franchise their operations.