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Oriyas Abroad
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Last Updated : Fri, 28 Nov 2014 20:34:00 IST
Sudarsan creates image of Obama on Puri beach
November 7th, 2012:
The artist who is well known for his sand sculptures in India and abroad said large number of local people and tourists thronged to the beach to see the colourful sculpture.
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Sand artist Sudarsan to highlight Indian cinema in Moscow
April 16th, 2010
Pattnaik said he has planned to create a 2.5 meter high image at the second Moscow world sand sculpture championship 2010 to be held from 28th April to 8th May.
Indian Public's Love (IPL)
March 31st, 2010
The capital market of Bhubaneswar is usually crowed and that day it made me feel out of place as there was hardly anyone in the market. You can say that the shopkeepers had opened their shop without any visible buyers. However, the waves of noise every now and then coming out of each shop wondering me as what had happened to Bhubanewareties.
Toilet graffiti in KAMINEY sparks controversy in Orissa
August 24th, 2009
'Apna Hath Jagannath' was found written on the wall of a toilet and protestors alleged it has offended their culture and religious feelings.
Actress Shilpa Shetty learns Odissi
February 1st, 2009
The actress, along with Jayaprada, had learnt Odissi from Guru Ratikant Mohapatra, son of legendary Odissi exponent late Kelucharan Mohapatra during the shoot of the film in Kerala.
Other News In
Now, Tagore Songs in Oriya
December 9th, 2007
The two albums, 'He Jibananath' and 'Nupura Baje Rini Rini' consist of 12 soul-elevating songs each.
Sambalpur girl selected for Femina miss India 2008
December 4th, 2007
Similar selection will also be made in Lucknow, Chandigarh, Goa, Kolkatta, Indore, Jaipur, Agra, Nasik and Pune.
Three more Oriya Satelite channels soon
November 1st, 2007
Besides OTV and ETV, addition of three more Oriya channels would change the language TV scenario in the State.
Sudarsan wins another prize in Germany
September 2nd, 2007
His work at Sand festival on July 25 Ruhr at the Kemnader lake won the audience prize. I have received a congratulation letter from the organisors, Patnaik told Odisha.in.
Orissa sand artist to create sand Taj in US
September 1st, 2007
"The replica I will build with the help of two other artists Manas Kumar Sahoo and Bulu Mohanty using seven trucks of sand" Sudarsan told Odisha.in.
Image on sand to highlight plights of cholera victims
August 30th, 2007
Recently Sudarsan has won the Public prize at Berlin for his sand Taj Mahal.
Orissa dancer struggles for a daily living
August 11th, 2007
Sponsored by the State Government, Gurubari has to her credit, dancing with late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi way back in 1968.
Sudarsan receives prize for 'Taj' in Berlin
August 3rd, 2007
Sand artist Sudarsan Patnaik was handed over a prize at Berlin for a sand replica of Taj Mahal that he created at Berlin International Sand Sculpture Championship held June 14-21.
Latest 5 Photo Gallery On Odisha
More On Odisha Photo Gallery
CBI intensifies probe into Biswal-Seashore land deal
Essar steel commissions pellet complex in Odisha
NALCO targets 10 pct rise in 2013/14 revenue
NALCO third-quarter net profit jumps 133 per cent
First unit of GMR's Odisha power plant synchronized
Vedanta closes down Lanjiigarh alumina refinery
Bhubaneswar sizzles at 41.2 degree Celsius
Elephants face threat from poachers, sagging wires
Hospital administrator held for confining turtles in pool
Patnaik's 'populist schemes' draw flack
We are trying to revive our old glory
Recruit directly for Orissa police service
Odisha dengue cases soar to 1930
Japanese Encephalitis blamed for death of 24 Malkangiri kids
TIRED ALL THE TIME? Invisible cell damage may be the culprit
Villagers refuse to cremate dead body suspecting Aids
Norweigain support for state's infant child health care
7 cases of polio detected in Kendrapada district
Ex-MP pursues PG degree at 71
Days before his death Dr. Deepak Mishra in his own words
Communal violence is bad realizes missionary killer
Odisha- a part of much bigger dream unrealized: Mrutyunjay (Interview)
Ample opportunities for creative minds in radio: SFM 93.5's RJ Vikash (interview)
I will try to rebuild my life says victim of mistaken identity (Interview)
Orissa BJP president to campaign for party in West Bengal
Cricketer Pragyan Ojha set to tie the knot
Lord Jagannath's chariot festival held in Toronto
Orissa Society celebrates 40th Convention
ETV captures overseas Ratha Yatra on camera
Jibanjit Tripathy new CanOSA president
Hero's welcome for Pragyan in Orissa
AITA results
AITA Championship Tournament goes tougher
AITA Championship Tennis Tournament in Balasore from Dec 23
Five years girl marathoner seeks help to continue running
Cuttack lifts Sahani Cup final
CRRI scientists develop new paddy variety for deepwater area
Chennai firm's new technology may help fight swine flu
APTECH launches N-Power Training Centre at Rourkela
SMS improves Orissa's livestock service delivery
Odisha.com goes mobile ties up with SMSGupShup
India tests surface-to-air missile from Chandipur
Rogue elephant Shankar kills mahout in Chandaka
Similipal tiger reserve opened for tourists
Nandankanan turns in to a maternity ward
WTO shows interest to develop Chandipur, Balaramgadi
Charter flight with American tourists to land on 5th December
13th beach festival to start on 23 November (with program detail )
Thunderstorms, lightning kill seven people
Police recover land mine in Kandhamal
District level work shop on quality education at Boudh
CII to facilitate health care in Koraput
Female elephant sent back by Andhra dies
Master weaver Chaturbhuja Meher gets another honour
14 Holi revellers drowned
Odisha CM objects Polavaram project construction work
14 Odisha Holi revellers drowned
Jayanarayan Mishra BJP legislature party leader
25-km long human chain marks Human Rights Day
Phone tapping angers oppositions
Pyarimohan, Jagyenswar expelled from BJD
Odisha steps up operation to nab Sabyasachi Panda
Patnaik asks party MPs to oppose FDI in retail, in parliament
KISS observes birth anniversary of late Pradyumna Bal
Naveen turns 67, makes birthday a simple affair
Orissa converts tainted official's building into dispensary
stone falls off Temple hurts devotee
Mediator criticizes Orissa for not honouring pact
Anna's impact: Activists to push for strong anti-graft law in Orissa
Lawyers' strike against evening courts hits litigants in Orissa
Opposition accuses BJD of misusing power for poll
Heat wave continues to grip Orissa
ODISHA Polls
Odisha media network requires trainee sub editors
Odisha media network which runs odisha.com , odisha.in and 36garh.in requires trainee sub editors at Bhubaneswar.
For 24x7 news in Hindi exclusively on Chhatisgarh
For latest Orissa News in Oriya
Chhattisgarh News
October 22nd
विकास योजनाएं बनाने में राज्यों को स्वायत्तता दी जाए : डॉ. रमन सिंह
October 22nd
पुलिया बनने से स्कूली बच्चों की राह हुई आसान
October 15th
संजीवनी एक्सप्रेस ने बचायी हजारों लोगों की जिंदगी
October 12th
महाराष्ट्र में जैविक खेती का अध्ययन कर रहे हैं छत्तीसगढ़ के किसान
October 12th
दीपावली पूर्व मजदूरी भुगतान सुनिष्चित करने के निर्देष
October 12th
आपदा जोखिम न्यूनीकरण के लिए आपदा का पूर्व आकलन आवश्यक
October 12th
यौन कर्मियों के पुनर्वास के लिए हेल्प लाईन, ऑन लाईन सेवा शुरू
October 8th
नक्सल हमले में शहीद जवानों के प्रति राज्यपाल ने शोक व्यक्त किया
October 8th
जिला स्तरीय जनसमस्या निवारण शिविर 11 अक्टूबर को छिन्दिया में
October 8th
नक्सल बारूदी विस्फोट: मुख्यमंत्री ने की तीव्र निंदा
Read Odisha.com for news
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Game On! the column: Debating Bruce Pearl's firing, Barry Bonds' trial
Game On! bloggers Tom Weir and Reid Cherner are pleased to make it to the round of 16.
Bruce Pearl
TW: Pearl should have been done at Tennessee the second his lie to NCAA investigators surfaced. Instead, UT athletics director Mike Hamilton clinged to his sinking ship of a coach.
The only way to quickly resurrect that program would be to hand it over to Pat Summitt, but she's way too smart to accept that big of a demotion.
RC: It is understandable why Tennessee jettisoned Pearl. Nobody likes to be lied to.
But I would not have objected to finding a way to keep him. In my mind, his original sins were venial, not mortal. .
But I also suspect that the Vols made the move to appease the NCAA gods. It is precious that there are still those who believe they are benevolent dictators. The NCAA wields the hammer of Thor, and it isn't afraid to use it. Trying to curry favor just makes them mad.
Barry Bonds perjury trial
RC: Under the "justice delayed is justice denied" thinking, this seems past its expiration date.
However, since Bonds is now being judged by a jury of his peers, it will be interesting in the interviews afterward to ask Hank Aaron and Willie Mayswhy they voted guilty or not guilty.
TW: Really, don't the before-and-after pictures explain what put the extra pop in Bonds' bat? Instead, we're paying government lawyers piles of cash to tell us what we already know.
Imagine the news reports in other nations: "The repairs continue in Haiti, the death toll climbs in Japan, and in America they're spending millions investigating the dramatic increase of an athlete's hat size."
Tim Duncan's ankle injury
TW: The anguish on Duncan's face was probably equal to how Tony Parker looked when he signed the divorce papers with Eva Longoria.
I'm guessing there's such a hush in San Antonio that you can hear a championship ring drop.
RC: This could not have been a bigger loss in San Antonio if Duncan's teammates wereJim Bowie and Davy Crockettand the opponent was led by a guy named Santa Anna.
NCAA men's tournament
TW: It's time to stop the jokes about the swift exits of Big East teams. The conference was definitely worthy of 11 tourney bids … to the NIT.
RC: It would be interesting to see what the Vegas over/under would be on the number of times Chris Mooney of Richmond, Shaka Smart of Virginia Commonwealth and Brad Stevens of Butler will be asked how interested they are in coaching openings at several schools in "major" conferences.
It is sad but true that the price of success for these coaching standouts is that every denial will have reporters looking to see if their lips moved.
Sportswriter turned pimp
RC: The news of a prize-winning sportswriter being charged with running a prostitution ring out of a hotel room reminded me of the great comment by John Feinstein.
The journalist and author said after A Season on the Brink, a book about a year with the Indiana basketball program, was published, that an irate Bob Knight called him a pimp and a whore.
Said Feinstein: "I wish he'd make up his mind so I'd know what to wear."
TW: I guarantee you that as sportswriters read the details of this story, many will ask only one question: "I wonder how many Marriott reward points he got?"

subset: commoncrawl


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NEW YORK (AP) Time Warner (TWX) on Wednesday reported a fourth-quarter loss, hurt by a $24.2 billion write-down for its cable, publishing and AOL assets, and Time Warner Cable (TWC) said it is laying off 1,250 people over the next few weeks in the face of slowing growth at the nation's second largest cable operator.
Time Warner posted a loss of $16.03 billion, or $4.47 a share, compared with profit of $1.03 billion, or 28 cents a share, a year ago.
Quarterly results were dragged down $4.70 a share mostly due to the $24.2 billion write-down.
Time Warner had anticipated the write-down, predicting in January that it would record an operating loss for the fourth quarter and the full year.
Excluding the write-down, adjusted earnings were 23 cents a share.
Revenue for the period ended Dec. 31 dipped 3% to $12.31 billion on softness in its filmed entertainment, AOL and publishing units.
Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters forecast earnings of 26 cents a share on revenue of $12.71 billion. Analysts' estimates typically exclude one-time items.
Time Warner Cable, which is being spun off from its parent, reported a net loss of $8.16 billion, or $8.36 cents a share, in the fourth quarter including a $14.82 billion charge to write-down the value of cable franchise rights and a loss of $13 million on the sale of cable systems.
It earned $327 million, or 33 cents a share, a year earlier.
Revenue rose 8% to $4.4 billion.
Time Warner is nearing completion of the Time Warner Cable spinoff, which is anticipated to close in the first quarter. The cable company will pay a one-time dividend of $10.9 billion to shareholders, the bulk of which will go to the parent.
The move is expected to help the remaining company better focus on its strengths in content, especially if it can also shed all or part of AOL, acquired as part of AOL's $106 billion purchase of Time Warner in 2001.
At AOL, revenue slid 23% to $968 million as subscription revenue tumbled 27% and ad sales dipped 18%.
Filmed entertainment revenue dropped 11% to $3.1 billion.
Revenue from Time Warner's networks, which include HBO and Turner Broadcasting, climbed 9% to $2.9 billion.
The publishing division reported a 13% decline in revenue to $1.3 billion, primarily pulled down by a 20% drop in ad sales.
Time Warner expects 2009 adjusted earnings from continuing operations to be about flat compared with 66 cents a share in 2008.
For the year, the company reported a loss of $13.4 billion, or $3.74 a share, compared with profit of $4.39 billion, or $1.17 a share, in the previous year.
Annual revenue grew 1% to $46.98 billion from $46.48 billion.
Time Warner has announced other layoffs at its various divisions because of the recession.
Last month, its Warner Bros. Entertainment movie studio announced cuts of nearly 800 jobs, or 10% of its global workforce, through layoffs, attrition and outsourcing, citing sinking consumer demand and the overall weak economy.
The company's AOL Internet unit also announced a cut of 700 jobs, or about 10% of the workforce, to cope with a slowing advertising market. The unit also said it was skipping merit pay raises in 2009.
Copyright 2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.


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National Museums »
Ulster Folk & Transport Museum » Schools & Groups » Activities and Information for schools » Payment
Admission prices are payable on the day of your visit. A reduced education rate is available for pre-booked school and youth groups. Supervising teachers and leaders have free admission. However, if you wish to be invoiced for a group visit, please mention this when you book (this must be paid within 30 days).
If you are a new customer and wish to be invoiced, please contact the Learning Centre on +44 (0) 28 90395091, at least three weeks before your visit to allow us to set up your account.
NB - If a group is not pre-booked, the normal entrance fee will apply.


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If you are looking for a B & B with totally straight walls and perfect paint, this is not the one. However, if you are looking for a home that has been in the same family for generations and that exudes charm, attention to detail,...More
Getting you more information on this room
Getting you more information on this room
"There is a delightful range of choices. Each is charming and most comfortable."
"We stayed in the Coe room, which was nice, but a bit small. Ask for the Jaques room, it's nicer and..."
"We stayed in the Ninde room which has 2 beds: queen and twin and a private bathroom. Not sure if the..."
"Some rooms have private baths, a few others share a bath."


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Amy Winehouse
Amy is infamous for causing a scene, so it comes as no surprise that Amy Winehouse got herself into a little scuffle over the weekend. Amy Winehouse was found dead due to a drug overdose on July 10, 2011. Our memories are with Amy's family.
Getting some fresh air and sunshine, Amy Winehouse was spotted wandering around London's Marylebone district yesterday (March 9).
The "You Know I'm No Good" songstress was joined by a few friends and looked snappy in a black and tan coat with a grey top, grey jeans, and white flats.
Igniting rumors that she's keen for older men, Amy Winehouse was spotted drinking with Russell Brand's dad Ron in London last night (March 3).
The "Rehab" songstress and her gentleman companion threw a few back at Amy's favorite haunt the Hawley Arms pub in Camden, before hopping into a chauffeured car at 2am.
Returning from Dubai, Amy Winehouse was spotted at Heathrow International Airport in London, England yesterday (February 15).
The "Rehab" singer looked a bit cranky as she made her way out of the terminal, sporting a black ensemble.
Gearing up for a flight to Dubai, Amy Winehouse was spotted at London's Heathrow International Airport yesterday (February 9).
The "You Know I'm No Good" songstress looked pretty normal and calm as she strolled past a paparazzo in the terminal.
Looking a bit sleep-deprived, Amy Winehouse was spotted after landing at Heathrow International Airport in London, England on Monday (January 17).
The "Rehab" singer donned a mismatched ensemble and looked to be having trouble keeping her eyes open as she exited the terminal en route to an awaiting ride.
Enjoying the magnificent weather, Amy Winehouse was spotted hanging out poolside in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil yesterday (January 13).
The "You Know I'm No Good" singer sipped a Red Bull energy drink and smoked a cigarette while chatting with friends.
Having had quite the lengthy break from performing, Amy Winehouse returned to the stage for a comeback gig in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil on Saturday night (January 8).
Dressed in a pink and white gingham dress which a dipping neckline, the 27-year-old wore her hair in a ponytail rather than her trademark beehive for the Summer Soul Festival gig.
Enjoying the beautiful weather, Amy Winehouse was spotted at her hotel in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil today (January 6).
The "You Know I'm No Good" songstress paled around with a few of her bandmates, sporting a striped red bikini top and denim shorts.
Drawing an end to a monthlong holiday, Amy Winehouse was spotted arriving into Gatwick airport in London on Sunday night (December 5).
The oft-troubled British singer donned a cleavage-baring black tank with jeans after returning from the lengthy visit to Barbados.
She's always up for a good time, and last night (October 21) Amy Winehouse was spotted at the Fred Perry store in London, England.
The "You Know I'm No Good" songstress was in the house to perform a low-key concert and launch her new clothing range.
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All engines covered in this guide have been designed to run on unleaded fuel. The minimum octane requirement is 91 RON (Research Octane Number) or 87 AKI (Anti-Knock Index); all unleaded fuels sold in the U.S. are required to meet this minimum octane rating.
The use of a fuel too low in octane (a measurement of anti-knock quality) will result in spark knock. Since many factors such as altitude, terrain, air temperature and humidity affect the operating efficiency, knocking may result even though the recommended fuel is being used. If persistent knocking occurs, it may be necessary to switch to a higher grade of fuel. Continuous or heavy knocking may result in engine damage.
Your engine's fuel requirement can change with time, mainly due to carbon buildup, which will in turn change the compression ratio. If your engine pings, knocks or runs on, switch to a higher grade of fuel. Sometimes just changing brands will cure the problem. If it becomes necessary to retard the timing from the specifications, don't change it more than a few degrees. Retarded timing will reduce power output and fuel mileage, in addition to increasing the engine temperature.


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A frustrating day for both sides in a match each must win for very different reasons: Somerset to retain an outside chance of their first championship, Yorkshire to have even a slight hope of avoiding relegation.
Morning showers prevented any play until 2.15pm and three further stoppages restricted the action to 41 overs, in which a late assault from Jos Buttler gave Somerset the overnight advantage.
The visitors, invited to bat, lost Arul Suppiah, bowled driving airily at Ajmal Shahzad in the eighth over.
However Alex Barrow and Chris Jones effected a solid recovery with a second-wicket stand of 72 in 14 overs that ended when Jones was undone by a delivery from Moin Ashraf that pitched on middle and hit off.
James Hildreth, aiming to play Ashraf through the on side, fell first ball, heralding the arrival of Buttler, who dominated a fourth-wicket partnership with Barrow that has so far yielded 51 from 47 balls.
The belligerent Buttler has contributed 43 of those, with nine boundaries, from 37 deliveries.
With captain Marcus Trescothick and Nick Compton injured and Craig Kieswetter otherwise occupied with the England one-day squad, the Somerset top order bore an unfamiliar look.
However Barrow, in particular, and Jones will have impressed director of cricket Brian Rose.
Barrow, 19, has already reached a maiden first-class half-century, from 109 balls with seven fours, and Jones, 21, rarely looked in trouble.
And Somerset will unveil a third youngster when Yorkshire bat in the shape of pace bowler Adam Dibble, whose only previous championship appearance was against Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge last July.
Dibble, 20, from Sidmouth, will not be short of confidence after claiming nine for 26 for the Second X1 against Hampshire at the Rose Bowl last month.


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Lacrosse news straight to your inbox.
Monday July 23rd, 2012 4:10pm
Manchester, N.H. (March 13) -- Senior Matt O'Connell (Charlestown, Mass.) gave Saint Anselm an early 1-0 lead at Southern New Hampshire, as the Hawks never trailed before coming away with a 9-6 Northeast-10 victory over the Penmen at Larkin Field.
O'Connell scored the man-up goal with 12:41 left in first for the early Hawk lead before Andrew Brown scored a man-up goal for the Penmen to tie things at 1-1 just 48 seconds later. Tied at 2-2 later in the second quarter. freshman Conor O'Donnell (Smithfield, R.I.) and senior Ryan McDonald (Bow, N.H.) scored to close out the first half with a 4-2 lead.
In the second half, the Penmen tied the game at 5-5, capped by a man-up goal from Terrence Nash with 14:38 left in the third. It was nearly all Saint Anselm from that point on as two goals from O'Donnell and one each from McDonald and Johnny Deyeso (Londonderry, N.H.), made it a 9-5 game late in the fourth. Brown scored an unassisted tally with 43 seconds left to account for the 9-6 final.
Pat Acone (Bow, N.H.) turned aside 16 shots for the Hawks to pick up the win, while Eric Gunst made 18 saves in the defeat.
Saint Anselm improves to 2-1 overall and 1-0 in the Northeast-10 with the win. The Hawks are back in action on Thursday afternoon as the Hawks host Molloy College at the Derryfield School in Manchester for a 4 p.m. start.


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FRAMINGHAM -- Qwest Communications International Inc. introduced a suite of customizable e-business packages last week. Called Qwest e-Solutions, the packages incorporate services such as Web site design, hosting and customized application development. There are three basic e-Solution categories: Shared e-Solution, a package for small businesses that relies on shared server space; Dedicated e-Solution, for firms that require a more complex Web site and a dedicated server; and Custom e-Solution, which is designed for large companies with complex needs.
Qwest: www.qwest.com
This story, "Qwest introduces e-business services" was originally published by Network World.


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Part of our "Advice from the Experts" Webinar Series.
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Cache-Conscious Collision Resolution in String Hash Tables
In-memory hash tables provide fast access to large numbers of strings, with less space overhead than sorted structures such as tries and binary trees. If chains are used for collision resolution, hash tables scale well, particularly if the pattern of access to the stored strings is skew. However, typical implementations of string hash tables, with lists of nodes, are not cache-efficient. In this paper we explore two alternatives to the standard representation: the simple expedient of including the string in its node, and the more drastic step of replacing each list of nodes by a contiguous array of characters. Our experiments show that, for large sets of strings, the improvement is dramatic. In all cases, the new structures give substantial savings in space at no cost in time. In the best case, the overhead space required for pointers is reduced by a factor of around 50, to less than two bits per string (with total space required, including 5.68 megabytes of strings, falling from 20.42 megabytes to 5.81 megabytes), while access times are also reduced.
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"Does this mean you send 4 earings?"
I wear these all the time. October is my birthday and opal is my stone. These are perfect for every day and can also be worn for very formal nights....
This user earned $2.00 Club O Rewards for writing this review.Learn More
Indian Handcrafted Silvery Opal Earrings (Set of 2)
- Made in India
- Handcrafted
- Sterling silver
- White teardrop opals
- Shepherd hooks
- Sold as a case pack of 2
Indian artisans produce hand-made products made with the finest natural fibers and materials, preserve the traditional and eco-friendly methods of handicraft production, preserve ancient art forms, and encourage traditional arts and ways of life. Their work preserves beautiful art forms and provides a dignified social standing for the artisans. There is extensive use of brass, bronze, copper, iron and bell metal in India. Ornaments, utensils, icons and figures are made out of different metals.
What is Worldstock?
The handcrafted touch of artisan skill creates variations in color, size and design. If buying two of the same item, slight differences should be expected. Note: Color discrepancies may occur between this product and your computer screen.
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Items must be returned in new or unused condition and contain all original materials included with the shipment.
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For your protection, all orders are screened for security purposes. If your order is selected for review, our Loss Prevention Team may contact you by phone or email. There may be a two business day delay to process your order.
** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.


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Music Converter Pro v3.3.2-Mac OSX
Music Converter Pro-Batch Audio Convert 3.3.2-Mac OSX | 25.41 MB
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TNPSC CCSE (Group) 2 Non -Interview Recruit 2015 Application Syllabus Exam Pattern
TNPSC CCSE Group 2 Recruitment Notification 2015 has been released.Aspirants who are interested in Govt Jobs in Tamilnadu must utilize this opportunity. There is total requirement of 1863 vacancies. Candidates who fulfil the eligibility criteria must download the Application form which is available in official website. Aspirants have to submit the application form on or before 11th Nov,2015. All the details related to TNPSC Group 2 Non Interview Vacancies 2015 are available in the website.
Key Information On TN Group 2 Information 2015
TNPSC ( Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission) the main aim of this organization is to create public service. Candidates who will be selected will be appointed in various departments of PSC. Every year it comes up with the notification and many candidates apply online. Even this year PSC has come up with the Group 2 Recruitment Notification 2015. Aspirants who are looking for a job in Police department can apply online. TNPSC is inviting the application forms from the eligible candidates to fill 1837 Non Group 2 Vacancies in various departments.
Public Service Commission is going to conduct Combined Civil Services Exam for group 2 services. Under these total positions, some of the posts are categorized under Ministerial service and others are related to Secretarial service. Candidates who are interested must download the application forms from the website.
Educational Qualification:
Candidates must be graduate form recognized university.
Age Criteria:
Candidates applying for the Group 2 Non Interview 2015 must have minimum age of 18 years and maximum is 30 years.
Steps to Fill TNPSC CCSE Group 2 Application Form 2015:
- Logon to the official website.
- Search for the link of TNPSC CCSE Group 2 Application form 2015.
- Fill the form with the required details
- Click on submit option.
- Save the copy for future use.
Download here the official notification of TNPSC Group 2
Know here the vacancies details of TNPSC CCSE 2
Click me to apply online for TN Group 2 directly.


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117 Crossroads Boulevard
Cary, NC 27518
Mon - Fri: 9:00AM - 9:00PM
Sat: 9:00AM - 7:00PM
Sun: 10:00AM - 6:00PM
Make high-quality, massage therapy in Cary, NC a part of your healthy lifestyle. Our spa-like retreats are where busy people from all walks of life come to feel better, relieve stress, ease sore muscles, and recharge. At a time where there's a pill for almost every ailment, it's good to know that this type of therapy is a time-tested, all-natural, drug-free alternative that can help you feel great!
At Massage Heights Crossroads Plaza, NC, our goal is to make your massages affordable, relaxing, and beneficial to the health and well-being of your body. All of our massage therapists are licensed, trained and experienced to closely work with you to understand your needs and how best to apply a treatment to your body.
- Couples Massage
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Samantha Lauer
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3 stars Jennifer*** Z Featured review
Atmosphere okay. NO attractive day spa feel. Just come in have massage and leave. Therapist are fine don't know about turn over can't always get same one the next session.
Thank you Monica for your feedback about your services with us. I apologize you regular therapist was no longer available. We hope that you enjoyed your service with your new therapist. If you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to call and ask for suggestions on therapists to meet your needs.
5 stars Sandy O Customer since 2010
New Massage Therapist: Amber- very good massage
5 stars Jacques G Customer since 2014
Thank you for the exceptional service. I continue to be impressed about the personal service given from the time I check in to the time I walk out the door. Amber provided me exact pressure and focus that provided me some relief. Great place that I enjoy weekly!
5 stars Kerri V Customer since 2012
David provided an excellent healing massage, as always!
5 stars Scott C Customer since 2015
Excellent service from the moment you walk in, and even after you walk out! Deep tissue massage therapist David is amazing and will definitely take Massage Heights to new levels!
5 stars George D Customer since 2014
As always I am pleased with the results after my visit Massage Heights.
5 stars Anonymous Verified customer
Angel gave a great massage! Exactly what I needed; however, I missed the fruit in the water and the candle burning at the reception desk!
5 stars Jimmy C Customer since 2013
Angel and David did such GREAT RELAXATION & STRESS REMOVAL technique. I recommend them to all couples who consider going for a retreat. THANKS YOU TWO!
4 stars Karen S Customer since 2010
You should put a night light in the bathrooms so you can see the light switch.
1 stars Courtney W Customer since 2015
I was highly dissatisfied with my experience at Massage Heights. When I arrived the staff was nice and welcoming, however when it came time to review my paperwork, the host reviewed it aloud in front of other costumers in the lobby. I was uncomfortable and irritated that information was being reviewed and discussed by someone other than the therapist. Secondly, what was suppose to be a 60 minute massage turned into a 45 minute massage due to being escorted back to my room 5 minutes after my appointment started; having a brief consultation with my therapist; and finally, my therapist rushing through the massage and finishing 10 minutes early. My massage was subpar and the therapist never touched the places I expressed were problematic areas. Additionally, they tried selling me extras like stone massage and aromatherapy; which is a glorified spray that is sprayed in the room. I have had many massages from many different places. No matter the facility I have always received an eye mask when laying on my back. This was NOT included with this massage. At the end of my appointment I wasn't offered a glass of water and then told I needed to come back in a month; which I did not do. This salon is in walking distance of my home, however the only reason I would consider visiting again is because I have $50 left on a gift card. Other than that, I would not recommend this facility.
5 stars Donna E Customer since 2012
My massage therapist, Poli, did a great job.


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The pathogenicity of the Streptococcus genus
- First Online:
- Received:
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- Citations
- 2k Downloads
Streptococcus infections are still one of the important problems facing contemporary medicine. As the World Health Organization (WHO) warns, Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for the highest number of pneumonia cases all over the world. Despite an increasing number of pneumococcal vaccinations, incidences of disease connected to this pathogen's infection stay at the same level, which is related to a constantly increasing number of infections caused by nonvaccinal serotypes. Unfortunately, the pathogenicity of bacteria of the Streptococcus genus is also connected to species considered to be physiological flora in humans or animals and, additionally, new species exhibiting pathogenic potential have been discovered. This paper presents an opinion concerning the epidemiology of streptococci infections based on case studies and other publications devoted to this problem. It also sheds new light based on recent reports on the prevention of protective vaccinations application in the case of streptococci infections.
Selected factors of the pathogenicity of streptococci described in this paper
The term pathogenicity determinant refers to those features which determine the ability of a microorganism to cause a disease, but which are not themselves required for its survival [1]. Henderson et al. define pathogenicity determinants as pathogen components which cause damage in a host organism; this may include factors which are important for pathogen survival [2]. These definitions, however, do not take into account the role of host susceptibility to infection; instead, they note only those features of the pathogen which are responsible for disease development. According to these definitions, only those organisms which cause diseases in healthy people are pathogens, while opportunistic or commensal microorganisms, which are only able to infect hosts with immune system disorders, are not considered to be pathogens.
Casadevall and Pirofski [3] proposed a new definition of pathogenicity and pathogenicity determinants for microorganisms which encompassed the state of a host's immunological defenses. The pathogenicity of a given microorganism was expressed as the degree of damage caused both by the microorganism itself and by the immune system in response to the pathogen.
One of the most invasive groups of bacteria is the Streptococcus genus. It is divided into 49 species and eight subspecies, from which as many as 35 have been identified as sources of invasive infections in humans. Microorganisms considered to be the cause of common infections include: S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes—group A (group A Streptococcus, GAS), S. agalactiae—group B (group B Streptococcus, GBS), and S. mutans [4].
According to the estimations of the World Health Organization (WHO), about 1.2 million children aged below 5 years die each year as a result of pneumonia, for which the main casual factor is S. pneumoniae, and this constitutes 18 % of all deaths in this age group [5]. The high incidence of the above diseases and the mortality related to S. pneumoniae infections have prompted scientists to seek to develop vaccines aimed at reducing the incidence of such infections. It is known that the main factor underlying microorganism pathogenicity is the so-called polysaccharide envelope [6], which was the basis of the division of the S. pneumoniae microorganism into over 90 serotypes [7, 8, 9]. Seventeen immunogenic proteins have been identified on this microorganism surface, and the occurrence of 13 of them is dependent on the host age [4]. Polysaccharide antigens are used in anti-pneumococcal vaccines. They are conjugated in the vaccines with proteins in order to enhance the immunological response, i.e., with respect to that which would occur during natural infection by bacteria within the polysaccharide envelope [10]. Conjugation of these substances allows successful immunization of children before the second year of life, who are, at this age, a reservoir of numerous opportunistic pathogenic bacteria [8].
S. pneumoniae is characterized by significant genetic flexibility and, thus, is subject to natural transformations which allow it to obtain new phenotypic features. Recombinations occurring in this manner within the polysaccharide envelope enable the microorganism to circumvent the barrier formed by the host's immune system [4]. Therefore, numerous types of vaccines against S. pneumoniae have been created so far, and further research on bacterial strains has formed the basis for widening the list of antigens which may constitute a potential target for the activity of future generations of vaccines.
The next most common cause of diseases and mortality worldwide are invasive GAS infections. S. pyogenes are responsible for about 700 million infections per year, which result in the death of about 500,000 people [11]. One of the most common S. pyogenes strains is the strain M1T1, which is responsible for both pharyngitis and more severe conditions, such as necrotizing fasciitis or toxic shock syndrome. This bacteria is equipped with flagella referred to as antigen T. However, unlike the flagella observed in S. pneumoniae, the presence of the flagella in S. pyogenes causes decreased invasiveness and pathogenicity of the strain. Despite the similarity of both kinds of flagella in general, i.e., the main genetic structure, fine differences in particular genes enable functional diversity between the encoded proteins. The flagella of the M1T1 strain increase the adhesive abilities of the proteins towards the endothelium; however, they concurrently constitute a molecular pattern for phagocytary cells of the host, and, thus, are subject to higher activity and faster elimination from an organism [12].
During a study conducted on S. pyogenes, 66 new proteins related to the cell membrane were identified for the first time on the surface of this microorganism, and as many as half of them are immunoreactive proteins and 23 are exposed on the cell surface [4]. Such huge differentiation of surface proteins enables wide-ranging research to be conducted on vaccines, the target of whose activity would be various kinds of antigens. One of the main factors of S. pyogenes pathogenicity is streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SpeB) of an activity of cysteine protease [4]. SpeB is formed by most GAS strains, and, therefore, any decrease in virulence may also be affected by an inhibition of speB gene expression or by the chemical inactivation of the protein itself. Other factors affecting GAS virulence also include: streptolysin O, protein M, SpeA, or streptokinase, which are also targets of therapeutic activity during infections. Despite extensive studies on GAS, no licensed vaccine against this group of microorganisms has been created so far [11]. This is influenced, inter alia, by the large serotypic differentiation of protein M, which was considered at the beginning of the 21st century to offer the potential for vaccine applications [4, 11]. A 6-valent vaccine against GAS containing N-end parts of six serotypes of protein M and tested on animals gave a desirable effect—an increase in the level of antibodies directed towards antigens contained within it. In the first stage of clinical trials, an increase in the number of antibodies was also demonstrated, and, additionally, no cross-reactions with human tissues were reported. The vaccine is the subject of further tests; however, a disadvantage attributed to it is its defense against only 6 of the 120 suggested serotypes of protein M [4]. The development of genetic research conducted on S. pyogenes may, in the future, allow an elaboration of methods which would identify antigens suitable for application in vaccines. Such research was performed in silico by Sharma et al. [11]. It resulted in the identification of the genes for 309 surface proteins, among which 260 present in at least 6 of the 8 examined strains were selected. Next, 147 proteins were selected for which it was possible to establish a topology on the microorganism cell surface, and their origin was determined. It appeared that many of these proteins are factors of S. pyogenes virulence. After an analysis of 81 of the 147 genes, it was demonstrated that 82 % of them are present in all the examined GAS isolates, while 73 of them (90.12 %) occur in over 80 % of the isolates. As a result, 52 proteins which may constitute the target of future vaccines were presented. Genetic research is accelerating the creation of a vaccine against GAS, since it considerably widens the list of surface antigens which may be used. Additionally, they confirm the occurrence of particular proteins on numerous bacterial strains, which may lead to successful worldwide application of vaccinations. The research also established that serotype M1 is less invasive compared to serotype M49; however, this requires confirmation via additional research [11].
GBS, S. agalactiae, has become an equally important microorganism which is responsible for miscarriages, and may also constitute a risk of premature birth and neonate infection in the form of sepsis, pneumonia, or meningitis. In the United States, GBS infection is diagnosed in about 5,000 neonates per year, and mortality caused by this microorganism is estimated at ca. 5 %.
Studies on S. agalactiae have provided information concerning 27 main surface proteins of this species. They include ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) and protein PGK, which react with antigens directed against them. These proteins are the subject of scientific research aimed at their application during the creation of vaccines against GBS. The studies focused on GBS constitute a very important element allowing the development of methods for the prevention of diseases caused by this microorganism, since no commercial vaccine protecting against S. agalactiae infections has been created so far [4].
The pathogenicity of S. mutans is primarily related to the ability of adhesion to host cells. Biofilm formation is a complex process engaging a number of proteins. Khan et al. made a mutation of S. mutans, impairing the microorganism's ability to form biofilms. The modified strains were characterized by poorer adhesion to surfaces covered with saliva and by weakened biofilm formation. Confocal and scanning microscope images confirmed that the biofilm in these strains was thinner and looser compared to the biofilm formed by nonimpaired strains. Forty-four proteins, the expression of which is higher in a situation of proper biofilm formation, and 13 proteins of weakened expression were identified using electrophoretic techniques [13]. The described proteins relating to biofilm formation mainly include glycosyltransferases (Gtf), which mediate biofilm matrix synthesis, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) [14, 15]. As observed by Flemming and Wingender, there is no biofilm without an EPS matrix [16]. The main components of EPS are glucans synthesized from saccharose, which provide the binding sites, and, thus, promote the accumulation of microorganisms and formation of cell clusters or microcolonies on the tooth surface. S. mutans produces at least three kinds of glycosyltransferases (Gtf): GtfB is related to insoluble glucan synthesis; GtfC synthesizes soluble and insoluble glucans; GtfD mainly synthesizes soluble glucans. According to Koo et al., GtfB and GtfC are essential for EPS matrix formation, with GtfB being mainly responsible for S. mutans aggregation [15] due to its high affinity to bacteria [17], GtfC is adsorbed on the tooth surface, while GtfD acts as a starter for GtfB [17]. Additionally, other surface proteins having an affinity to glucan (glucan-binding proteins, Gbps) contribute to biofilm growth by interactions of S. mutans with extracellular glucan. There are at least four groups of glucan-binding proteins, GbpsA, GbpsB, GbpsC, and GbpsD, differing in terms of their affinity to glucan, structure, and immunological properties. Duque et al. proved that GbpsB plays a role in biofilm formation [14]. A microorganism adhering to the enamel via glucan is the main saccharose-dependent way of biofilm formation, but there is also a saccharose-independent mechanism leading to biofilm formation [18]. Aggregation under conditions independent of saccharose is based on interactions between agglutinins present in saliva and P1 adhesins originating from S. mutans [18]. Agglutinins present in saliva contribute to the process of S. mutans adhesion and aggregation via interaction with antigen I/II, i.e., the multifunctional adhesin P1 (also called AgB, adhesin SpaP, or Pac1) embedded in bacteria cell walls and encoded by the spaP gene [13, 18, 19, 20].
The family of Ag I/II proteins represented, inter alia, by SpaP, SspA, or SspB proteins is identified not only on the surface of S. mutans but also on other microorganisms, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, or Streptococcus suis [19]. The genetic sequence encoding Ag I/II is composed of six separate regions. The most important of them include region A rich in alanine and region P rich in proline. Region V, which concentrates most of the various sequences observed in particular strains, is localized between them. Regions A and V encode adhesive epitopes occurring on the surface of bacteria cells (so-called adhesintopes), which are responsible for a microorganism's affinity to saliva glycoproteins [21]. The contribution of regions A, P, and V in adhesion was confirmed in a study conducted using mutant strains [19]. None of them demonstrated the ability to adhere to solid surfaces covered with saliva membranes. The expression and biological activity of protein P1 in S. mutans also depends on numerous gene products, e.g., genes luxS, ropA, and srtA (an encoding enzyme responsible for adhesin P1 attaching to cell walls) [18, 22].
Protein SpaP, and other proteins from the Ag I/II family, specifically interact with glycoprotein-340 (gp-340), which is present in saliva. It is interesting that gp-340 dissolved in the liquid phase of the saliva participates in bacterial cell aggregation and, thus, eradicates them from the oral cavity. However, when gp-340 is absorbed on the surface of the teeth or gums, it constitutes a receptor for surface bacterial adhesins initiating adhesion processes [18, 19]. The AgI/II family of proteins also participates in interactions between the microorganisms, e.g., Streptococcus gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as in the aggregation of cells lacking in gp-340 [19]. The key role in interactions between S. mutans and saliva agglutinins is played by the specific structure and localization of protein P1, as has been proved thanks to an application of this microorganism's mutant strains (spaP and srtA). It has additionally been demonstrated that the lack of the expression of genes encoding the sortase A enzyme (SrtA) results in not only an incorrect localization of adhesin P1, but also of other surface proteins, which is significant in the context of bacteria aggregation abilities [18].
The ability of S. mutans species bacteria to form biofilm is significant from a clinical point of view not only in the context of caries etiology, but also in cases of endocarditis (IE) [23]. IE development is possible when the formation of a very small clot rich in platelets and fibrinogen occurs as a result of slight damage to the endocardium. When microorganisms reach the blood at this time, they may use this favorable medium for embedding and biofilm formation. Such clots are formed most often at the edge of leaflets of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the side of the atrium, and on the aortic and pulmonary valves at the side of the ventricles [24]. The survival of S. mutans in the bloodstream, which it usually reaches after stomatological treatment, is connected to the presence of a few pathogenicity factors on the bacteria surface which have been described in various IE cases affected by this microorganism. Most importantly, there are those factors responsible for an increase in protein resistance to phagocytosis: a fibronectin-binding protein (so-called autolysin A, AtlA) [25] and a serotypically specific polysaccharide [26]. Next is antigen C, the expression of which results in an increased aggregation of blood platelets and, thus, increased coagulability [27].
The complexity of relationships between microorganisms and hosts, as well as the differentiated expression of the features determining microorganism pathogenicity, mean that pathogenicity is an unpredictable phenomenon. This is due to the fact that, even a complete understanding of both the hosts and the microorganisms does not allow a determination of all possible interactions between them.
Due to an occurrence of some special properties of the hosts and the microorganisms, different kinds of infectious disease varieties are observed more often. The possibilities offered by rapid worldwide travel contribute not only to microorganism transfer in environments not inhabited by them previously, but also enhance their virulence. We often need decades of research on all factors affecting the pathogenicity of microorganisms suspected of causing a given disease in order to link some diseases with their causes. Therefore, constant scientific interest in the interactions occurring between microorganisms and hosts may contribute to a deepening of knowledge concerning the pathogenicity of an increasing number of microorganisms [28].
Pathogenicity of the Streptococcus genus
Streptococci inhabiting the oral cavity
According to the latest reports, Streptococcus species normally observed in the oral cavity may be pathogenic. An example may be a case of healthy young men without risk factors, in whom spleen abscess and brain abscess caused by S. intermedius were diagnosed [39]. S. sanguis streptococci of the Viridans group were the reason for breast implant infection after wide-ranging stomatological treatment [40]. Over 60 cases in which S. salivarius was an etiological factor of meningitis as a result of iatrogenic infections have been recorded [41]. Oral cavity streptococci such as S. sanguinis, S. mitis, and S. gordonii were the reason for endocarditis [42, 43, 44]. The latest (isolated from the synovial membrane and synovial fluid of a 62-year-old man, and from the synovial membrane of a 78-year-old woman in the second case) was a reason for septic arthritis [45].
Despite the threats related to the above-mentioned bacteria, caries is the most common disease in children. It occurs five times more often than the second disease in the range, i.e., asthma [46]. In Poland, deciduous teeth caries concerns 35–50 % of the children between the second and third years of life, and 56–60 % of the children between the ages of 3 and 4 years. At the age of 6–7 years, deciduous teeth caries is observed in nearly 100 % of children in Poland. Permanent teeth caries in Poland is noted in almost 90 % of children aged 12 years [47]. In the United States, 50 % of children aged 5–9 years have at least one cavity in the tooth or one filling caused by dental caries focus. This number increases up to 78 % by the age of 17 years [46]. Despite numerous research on the etiology and development of the caries, scientists are still not concordant towards some aspects of this disease. Quite recently, S. mutans capable of biofilm formation in the oral cavity has been considered as the main factor causing caries [18, 48, 49, 50, 51]. However, the fact that the presence of S. mutans alone is not sufficient to cause disease development has been the focus of increasing attention currently. The process of dental plaque formation and caries foci development involves, except for S. mutans, a few hundred other bacterial species, which, together, form the biofilm structure [17, 46, 52, 53, 54]. Except for microbiological factors, caries development also involves genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, including diet [46, 53]. The species having the three main phenotypic features allowing them to survive in the oral cavity environment, i.e., ability of adhesion (and, thus, biofilm formation), ability of acids production, and ability of inhabiting an environment with large pH fluctuations, osmolarity or oxygen availability fluctuations, are considered as equally important species contributing to environment acidification and caries foci formation. These mainly include: S. sobrinus, S. mitis, Actinomyces spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Fusobacterium nucleatum [46, 52, 55]. While considering the role of bacterial biofilm in the etiology of teeth and oral cavity diseases, it should be also noted that its occurrence is possible due to specific mutual interactions observed between microorganisms of the same or various species [46, 56]. Attention is focused on the examination of relations observed during biofilm formation and its maturation, development of resistance and wider spectrum of antibiotics, analysis of the microorganism's genome, and mechanisms of specific bacterial protein activity [57, 58, 59]. Despite an idea considering S. mutans as one of the main cariogenic factors has been abandoned recently, this microorganism is still the main target of scientific research.
S. mutans species may also cause endocarditis and bacteremia [23, 60] . S. mutans was isolated from the heart valve in a patient with endocarditis, which had already been described in 1977 [61]. Oral cavity streptococci are correlated with observed endocarditis. This is an important issue from the point of view of the growing resistance to penicillin among oral cavity flora microorganisms (in the case of: S. mitis >24 %; S. sanguis >19 %; S. mutans >14 %) [62]. S. mutans was also a reason for recurring bacteremia in a woman with Sjögren's syndrome [63]. Besides endocarditis and bacteremia, S. mutans may also cause sepsis [40]. It is speculated that S. mutans may be the cause of other constitutional diseases [64]. Also, a rare case of retroperitoneal abscess caused by S. mutans has been described [65].
Streptococcus-caused sepsis is mainly related to severe S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes infections. The frequency of invasive infections with S. pneumoniae in Poland is 0.78 cases per 100,000 people, while in children below 2 years of age, 5.17 cases are noted; the mortality rate as a result of these infections is 22.6 % [66]. In total, 364 cases of pneumococci-caused diseases were noted in 2010, including sepsis (172 cases), encephalitis and/or meningitis (180 cases), and other, unspecified diseases (63 cases) [67]. In the same year, S. pneumoniae was the etiological factor of meningitis in children up to the fourth year of life, and encephalitis in 19.3 % of the patients [68]. In Europe, the frequency of invasive S. pneumoniae infections range, depending on the country, from 0.4 to 20 cases per 100,000 people [69]. In the United States, 6.3 cases per 100,000 people are noted in the population below 18 years of age [70]. Such high incidence of the above-mentioned diseases and mortality related to S. pneumoniae infections have prompted scientists to an elaboration of vaccines aimed at decreasing the number of incidents. It is known that the main factor of microorganism pathogenicity is the polysaccharide envelope [48], which was the basis of division for over 90 serotypes of the microorganism S. pneumoniae [7, 8, 9]. Polysaccharide antigens are used in pneumococcal vaccine and are conjugated with proteins in order to enhance immunological response with respect to those which would have been observed during natural infection with bacteria within the polysaccharide envelope [10]. Conjugation of these substances allows an effective immunization of children below 2 years of age, who are a reservoir of numerous opportunistic pathogenic bacteria as this stage of their lives [8]. Many types of S. pneumoniae vaccines are distinguished; however, 7-, 10-, and 23-valent vaccines are used the most often. 7-valent vaccine (protein conjugate vaccine, PCV7) contains polysaccharide antigens which were found in seven serotypes of the microorganisms responsible for 80–95 % of invasive pneumococcal infections [49]. Its effectiveness is confirmed by the data collected after the vaccine introduction in the United States—the number of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease among children up to the 5th year of age decreased by 94 % [71]. However, PCV7 does not provide a homogenous effect for all vaccinal serotypes which it is aimed at. Comparing infections from the period before and after 7-valent vaccine introduction in the United States, the highest decrease in occurrence (three-fold and more) was noted for serotypes 14, 9V, and 23F. A two-fold decrease in the frequency of occurrence was observed for serotypes 18C and 6B, while the lowest decrease was noted for serotype 19F. The number of infections caused by nonvaccinal serotypes was to be concurrently increasing.
Similar trends were observed in the case of strains resistant to antibacterial substances. At the moment of vaccines introduction, resistance among vaccinal serotypes decreased about 1.5-fold, while the resistance of nonvaccinal serotypes was doubled. An increase in the number of noninvasive serotypes resistant to two or more antimicrobial factors was also observed [7]. Poland introduced PCV7 to the vaccinations schedule in 2008, together with 22 other countries. In turn, 10-valent vaccine obtained pre-qualification from the WHO in 2010 [8]. It may be concluded from the official data, that the number of people vaccinated against pneumococci in Poland increased from 148,664 in 2009 to 155,258 in 2010. Despite this, incidences of disease related to this pathogen infection have not decreased [68].
Conjugated 13-valent vaccine (PCV13) of widened spectrum of activity has been created as a response to an increasing number of infections caused by nonvaccinal serotypes [8]. It is composed, except for antigens used in PCV7, of six additional polysaccharide antigens characterizing further S. pneumoniae serotypes, and they were combined with the same membrane protein, CRM197. These serotypes have been observed most often in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and are consistent with serotypes causing 70 % of invasive pneumococcal infections all over the world. It was also demonstrated during the research that PCV13 may also be used in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus, which, to a certain extent, protected them against pneumococcal infections. The 13-valent vaccine was introduced in over 40 countries; however, there is still a lack of documentation related to this vaccine's influence on the spread of infections caused by S. pneumoniae around the world, confirming a decrease in cases caused by S. pneumoniae serotypes used in the vaccine [8].
Vaccine against S. pneumoniae targeted towards the highest number of serotypes of this microorganism is polysaccharide 23-valent vaccine (PPV23). It demonstrated weak immunogenicity towards children; however. it gained wide application in risk groups and among older people [9]. This polysaccharide vaccine is not conjugated with protein, and, therefore, should not be administered in children less than years of age, and it has been recommended since 2000 that PPV23 should follow PCV7 vaccination [6].
Investigators suggest [9] that S. pneumoniae serotypes such as 11A, 31, 10A, and 9N should be treated in a prioritized manner in the creation of new vaccines against this pathogen, since they are responsible for the highest number of infections caused by nonvaccinal serotypes.
Cases of infections caused by Streptococcus spp.
Patient (n) age/sex
Risk factors
Cases of bacteremia and general infections
Streptococcus viridans
Teeth and gums disease
Ill teeth extraction
Streptococcus salivarius
n = 30
Group C Streptococcus
n = 88
Basic disease 72.7 %
25 %
Streptococcus pneumoniae
n = 590
19 %
Streptococcus spp.
n = 100
Intravenous drug abuse, infectious metastases, purulent vein inflammation, endocarditis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
n = 55
Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ceftibuten, cefaclor
0–5 years
Streptococcus pneumoniae
n = 71
Third-generation cephalosporins, vancomycin, or erythromycin
28 %
Streptococcus spp.
n = 522
Viridans group Streptococcus
n = 79 (88 episodes)
Leukemia/stem cell transplantation
Piperacillin and gentamicin, piperacillin and tobramycin, or ceftazidime and tobramycin
<18 years of age
The most often used empiric therapy: piperacillin and tobramycin (75 % of episodes)
Streptococcus agalactiae
21 days/F
Streptococcus anginosus
Uremia, hypertension, recurrent infections
Ceftriaxone, vancomycin
Streptococcus viridans
n = 15
Hematological cancers
<20 year of age
Streptococcus spp. (in addition to S. pneumoniae)
n = 30
Community-acquired infections
59 years (average)
Cases of encephalitis
Streptococcus mutans
Medical treatment
Penicillin G
Streptococcus bovis
Penicillin G
Streptococcus pyogenes
Ceftriaxone, vancomycin
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp.pasteurianus
5 days/F
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp.pasteurianus
Ceftriaxone and dexamethasone
Streptococcus pneumoniae
16 days/F
Acute retina hemorrhage
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
Trampling by horses
Vancomycin, metronidazole, ceftriaxone
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
n = 20
Close contact with animals, mainly horses
Benzylpenicillin, cephalosporins
24 %
13–87 years
Streptococcus agalactiae
MEPM, VCM, linezolid
Streptococcus pneumoniae
n = 203
State of compromised immunity; acute disease
9.4 %
n = 765
Smoking; age > 65 years
17.5 %
Streptococcus pneumoniae
n = 548
Penicillin, third-generation cephalosporins, ampicillin
37 %
Streptococcus suis serotype 2
n = 101
Geographical (the most common reason for meningitis in Vietnam)
S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus
n = 4
<2 weeks
Streptococcus salivarius
n = 65
Iatrogenic 67 %; cerebrospinal fluid leak (head injury, neurosurgical treatments) 21 %
Beta-lactams (penicillin or cephalosporin), vancomycin
Streptococcus intermedius
Carbapenems, vancomycin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin
Streptococcus pneumoniae
n = 3
Meningitis; long-term neurological deficit
Cases of eye infection
Streptococcus mitis
Complicated endocarditis
Vancomycin, amikacin, levofloxacin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin
Streptococcus uberis
Postoperative endophthalmitis
Ceftazidime, vancomycin, dexamethasone, ampicillin, moxifloxacin
Streptococcus bovis
Vancomycin, ceftazidime, dexamethasone
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp.equisimilis
Eye surgery
Cefazolin, amikacin, ofloxacina, tobramycin
Iatrogenic infection
Streptococcus pneumoniae
n = 32
Lack of vaccination against S. pneumoniae/Young age of the patient
<2 years of age
Streptococcus mitis/oralis
n = 12
Endophthalmitis after antibiotic administration to the vitreous humor
Cases of peritoneum inflammation
S. viridans 90 %
n = 68
Peritoneum dialysis
Cefazolin and vancomycin
S. agalactiae 2 %
S. bovis 2 %
58.7 % M (104 episodes of peritoneum inflammation)
Nonhemolytic Streptococcus 6 %
Streptococcus bovis
Cirrhosis caused by alcohol abuse
Streptococcus agalactiae
Peritoneum dialysis
Ceftazidime, tobramycin, vancomycin
Streptococcus pyogenes
Ceftriaxone, metronidazole, levofloxacin, amoxicillin
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Hepatocirrhosis and ulcers (as a result of alcohol abuse)
Third-generation cephalosporins
Previous S. pneumoniae infections
Streptococcus mitis
Peritoneum dialysis
Streptococcus gordonii
Peritoneum dialysis
Streptococcus bovis
n = 20 (23 episodes)
Peritoneum dialysis
Other infections caused by Streptococcus spp.
Patient (n) age/sex
Risk factors
Streptococcus sanguis
Liver abscess
Mucous membrane biopsy
Penicillin G, metronidazole, ampicillin
Streptococcus salivarius/oralis
Ampicillin, cefmetazole, furosemide
Streptococcus pyogenes
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
7 months/F
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Cefotaxime and vancomycin
11 months/M
Streptococcus pyogenes
Septic shock
Influenza B
Piperacillin, tazobactam, oseltamivir, high doses of penicillin, clindamycin, immunoglobulins
Amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, clarithromycin, catecholamines, high doses of penicillin, oseltamivir
Amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, vancomycin, oseltamivir
Streptococcus pyogenes
Spine abscesses
Meropenem and clindamycin, then penicillin G and clindamycin
Streptococcus intermedius
Liver abscess
Chronic granulomatous disease
Amoxicillin, penicillin G
New species
Pathogenic species of the Streptococcus genus were isolated and described as early as by the end of the 19th century [128, 129]. Subsequently, new species have been discovered and described: Hardie and Whiley in 1997 reported about ca. 40 species [130]; 10 years later, ca. 50 species were known, and most of them were pathogenic for humans [4]. Certainly, this number is not definitive. An example is S. tigurinus, a species discovered this year by Swiss researchers, and present in the oral cavity as physiological flora; however, it may be responsible for endocarditis and meningitis [131]. Another example is a new subspecies of S. gallolyticus identified in 2003, i.e., pasteurianus [132], described for the first time as an etiological factor of meningitis in an infant in 2009 (see Table 1) and in an adult in 2010 (see Table 1). Another species is S. urinalis—a case of bacteremia caused by this pathogen [133] was described in a 60-year-old man with urethral stricture history. S. australis, described initially as one of the oral streptococci [134], also appeared to be an etiological factor in the case of meningitis [135]. An example of the species responsible for a range of human and animal infections (responsible for the spontaneous fermentation of dairy products in Africa) was S. infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii) belonging to S. bovis/S. equinus, exhibiting 80 % similarity to the S. thermophilus genome [136].
Caries in children caused by Streptococcus spp.
Patient (n) age/sex
Risk factors
S. mutans
n = 133
Falling asleep with a bottle
1–4 years
Improper hygiene of the oral cavity
S. mutans
n = 3531
Passive smoking
4–11 years
S. mutans
Children <3 years
Vertical and horizontal transmission
Frequent meals consumption, pulpy consistence of meals
Improper nutrition of pregnant mother
Early appearance of teeth weaken saliva secretion, composition of saliva different to in adults
S. mutans
n = 156 mother–infant pairs
Caesarean section
S. mutans
n = 109
Caesarean section
3 years
S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp.
Children <6 years
Vertical and horizontal transmission
Frequent consumption of sugars
S. mutans
Transmission in early period of life
Dietary factors
S. mutans and S. sobrinus
n = 54
S. mutans and S. sobrinus in mother
2.5 years
S. mutans and S. sobrinus
n = 30
"Sticky desserts"
Higher socioeconomic status (data from Sudan)
S. mutans
1–6 years
S. mutans in mother
Streptococci from Streptococcus mutans group
Psychosocial, behavioral factors
Due to long-term research which has broadened the scientific understanding of the virulence of specific pathogens, scientists are able to create new vaccines, which are oriented toward specific substances or antigens occurring on the surface of given microorganisms. This allows increased effectiveness in the fight against infections caused by, e.g., S. pneumoniae. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), WHO, and National Institute of Hygiene, Poland (PZH) reports reveal that the number of people vaccinated against pneumococci has being increasing (in Poland, it grows each year—from 2007 to 2011, the number of those vaccinated increased by as much as 78,500) [5, 32, 149]. This points to increased awareness within society and the application of pneumococcal infections prophylaxis. Despite this, morbidity-related infections caused by this pathogen are not decreasing, and this is connected to the new and pressing problem faced by the medical world, i.e., the growing number of dangerous nonvaccine strains causing an increasing number of infections in humans [7].
In the light of new taxonomic reports, differentiation of the increasingly growing number of species and subspecies, as well as the latest descriptions of cases of particular species of Streptococcus infections, the pathogenicity connected to the Streptococcus genus is still not fully recognized and should be the subject of further studies.
Conflict of interest
All authors confirm that there is no conflict of interest.
Copyright information
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.


text:
Oil on a hardboard 87x100cm
Stunning, I love the colours!!!
beautiful and disturbing at the same time, great
Nice picture with the compostion of the background !
Id think many washes to achieve this look. What thinner do you use? I like to layer oil thickly and use it to add texture or make things pop out of the work. I then work with acrylic and enamel for detail. This realistic images you make.
. Just utterly mind blowing!
. Just utterly mind blowing!
Nazi Space Jokeys/Engineers
Very awesomr *_*
I wish I could paint like this. The details are fantastic and the whole picture is just awesome!
"Auschwitz Rose"
wow very unique art also creepy: P
That looks like a print from Bekskinski ! Awesome
Awesome, very moving!
aswesome work dude!
Glad to see your stuff again!
Beautiful, inspired by Beksinsky?
Awesome piece!
this picture.. perfect! :3
You have to be one of the best contemporary artists around, never mind one of the best on this site.
fantastic work


text:
Doctors Lounge - Dermatology Answers
"The information provided on www.doctorslounge.com is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician."
Back to Dermatology Answers List
Forum Name: Dermatology Topics
Question: Excessive sweating under armpits
|dey.sourav - Fri Dec 25, 2009 6:10 am
I am 15 year old boy. I sweat excessively under armpits, my clothes are having yellowish color due to sweating. Please help me. I am facing social problems for this. The sweat patches are visible clearly even with double clothing. Even in this winter season I sweat, though i feel very cold at the morning.
|Dr.M.jagesh kamath - Mon Jan 04, 2010 10:50 am
Hello,Axillary hyperhidrosis as it is called can be a bothersome complaint.This can lead to problems in social life due to excessive sweating and the need to change clothes often.While the cause seems to be a distubance of autonomic nervous system which govers sweat production by the eccrine sweat glands.The medical treatment which is effective is Aluminium chloride hexahydrate 10% applied externally.The other modalities would include botulinum toxin injections,and surgery of the sympathetic nerves as the last resort.Do consult a dermatologist and discuss the modalities.Best wishes.
|dey.sourav - Sat Jan 09, 2010 6:06 am
someone told me it is caused bcz of hormones changes at this teen age . is it true?
|Dr.M.jagesh kamath - Fri Jan 22, 2010 3:11 am
Hello,There is increased apocrine secretion during adolescence which does contribute to the smell but excessive sweating may be related to anxiety during adolescent crisis.
|Dismount - Tue Jul 06, 2010 1:34 pm
I have excessive sweating in my arm pits aswell, Im visiting my GP next wednesday but Im terrified about what he could actually do. Is there anything he can actually give me to help? Just to note, Im 16 and I know about the change in the body but the amount I sweat is beyond crazy !
Thank you
|Dr.M.jagesh kamath - Sun Jul 11, 2010 9:57 am
Hello,You seem to be anxious more than anything else.Your doctor will give you a general examination and prescribe you external application or spray containing Aluminium chloride hexahydrate 10%.He may also give you some mild anti anxiety medication.
Ok?Nothing to worry.Best wishes.
|Dismount - Wed Jul 14, 2010 6:44 am
I went to see my GP this morning and I explained my case. He never examined me but only asked if I was taking any illegal substances. He was sent me for a blood test at the hospital and then from their he can give me a prescription.
Thanks !
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text:
East London: Mumbai Indians' captain Sachin Tendulkar won the toss and decided to bat first against Delhi Daredevils at East London on Friday.
The big team change comes from Mumbai Indians, they have left out Sanath Jayasuriya and brought in Luke Ronchi. Delhi Daredevils are going unchanged. Sehwag and Zaheer are still out.
Delhi Daredevils beat Mumbai Indians in their previous encounter.
Delhi Daredevils : Gautam Gambhir(c), David Warner, AB de Villiers, Tillakaratne Dilshan, Dinesh Karthik(w), Mithun Manhas, Rajat Bhatia, Amit Mishra, Pradeep Sangwan, Ashish Nehra, Dirk Nannes
Mumbai Indians : Sachin Tendulkar(c), Luke Ronchi, Pinal Shah(w), Jean-Paul Duminy, Dwayne Bravo, Abhishek Nayar, Saurabh Tiwary, Harbhajan Singh, Rohan Raje, Lasith Malinga, Dhawal Kulkarni


text:
ECORP Consulting, Inc. has assisted public and private land owners with environmental regulation compliance since 1987. We offer full service capability, from initial baseline environmental studies through environmental planning review, permitting negotiation, liaison to obtain legal agreements, mitigation design, construction supervision, and monitoring and compliance reporting.
We bring together an experienced multidisciplinary team of environmental and regulatory specialists, engineers, hydrologists, biologists, wetland specialists, archaeologists, and geographic information systems specialists.
ECORP has established professional working relationships with federal and state regulatory agencies, based on technical excellence and a thorough understanding of regulatory processes.
We are experienced with the California Fish and Game Code; the regulatory requirements of the federal Clean Water Act (CWA), Sections 401, 402, and 404; the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA); the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), Sections 106 and 110; the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA), Sections 7 and 10; the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); the California Endangered Species Act (CESA); and the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA).
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What is Valley needlegrass grassland, and why are agencies interested in conserving it?
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Rocklin, CA 95677
(916) 782-9100


text:
The National Park Service has scheduled a public meeting from 6 to 8 p.m. Tuesday at the Manassas National Battlefield Park Visitor Center, 6511 Sudley Rd., Manassas, to discuss the proposed Fire Management Plan and Environmental Assessment.
During the meeting, the park service project team will address the need for the plan, site characteristics and other project details. The goal of the project is to meet federal policy requirements for fire management at the park while increasing safety for firefighters and the public.
Russell Barkley, an expert on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, will talk about the nature, causes, risks, types and treatments for children with ADHD from 6 to 9 p.m. March 20 at Hylton High School, 14051 Spriggs Rd., Woodbridge.
Barkley is a clinical professor of psychiatry and pediatrics at the Medical University of South Carolina. He is board certified in clinical psychology, clinical child and adolescent psychology, and clinical neuropsychology. He is also founder and editor of the ADHD Report, which is in its 20th year of publication.
To register for free, e-mail Jan Russell at email@example.com by March 14. Sign or foreign language interpreter services are available by contacting Russell by e-mail or at 703-730-3124 by March 12.
The winter has taken a bite out of the Manassas snow removal budget. The Department of Public Works and Utilities has spent about $425,000 on snow removal, surpassing the allotted budget by nearly $175,000.
Since December, city crews have mobilized for nine snowfalls, using 1,200 tons of salt, 200 tons of sand and 3,600 gallons of ice ban liquid, according to data provided by the city.
Applications are being accepted through April 1 for an annual scholarship awarded by Fauquier Community Theatre to a graduating high school senior who plans to pursue a degree in the arts.
The program is open to all public and private school students in Fauquier and Prince William counties, as well as to home-schooled students.
To get information or an application, visit www.fctstage.org or e-mail Evelyn Rice at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
- 13/11/2015 - We've had a great day raising £203 for BBC Children in Need today by dressing up and eating cakes!
- 27/10/2015 - We're delighted to welcome David Stark into our Rehab Manager team. David is an OT & will be covering the Midlands, Yorkshire & NW England.
- 07/10/2015 - WE ARE RECRUITING. Please click to find out more
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We specialise in devising and implementing rehabilitation programmes to help people deal with the consequences of injury and medical absence from work, returning them back to health and back to work.
Our nationwide team of highly experienced medically qualified rehabilitation managers and vocational specialists provide an integrated medical and vocational rehabilitation service.
Please explore our site for detailed information about Proclaim Care and the services we provide.


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From the merchant: We Care About You & Your Home! Let's Make Your Dream Home A Reality With a Fresh Coat Of Paint &/or A Deep Cleaning
Barok is a recent UW grad in physics. He will be painting houses at a professional grade, but mid-market price.
From the merchant: Painters re animate your home, decorating to your tastes while adding protection and appeal.
Professional painter gives new personalities to houses with carefully selected paintjobs
The team designs a personalized deck that works with your home's needs and can include innovative materials and high-quality woods
$75 for $150 toward re-upholstery, remodeling, redesigning, and custom furniture
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Vetted, five-star house cleaners rid living rooms, kitchens, bedrooms, and bathrooms of dust and germs during cleaning sessions
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Outfit your bathrooms with these towels, soap dispensers, and toothbrush holders, personalized with a name
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Technicians clear debris from air ducts, bathroom exhaust vans, and dryer vents, leaving homes with more pure air
... colors and textures, and developing a personal style, and the advanced course goes deeper into topics such as lighting and upholstery with special modules focused on bedrooms, kitchens, and bathrooms.
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Custom photo wash cloths and hand towels spruce up kitchens and bathrooms with a bit of personalization
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Slob Subs is the first episode of the second season of of The Kris Show. The previous episode was Aldman's Secret. The following episode is Kris TV.
At the Ten Banners amusement park, Kris is anxious to try the new 20,000 Leagues Sub Ride along the coast of the Long Island Sound. When he and Aldman go inside to find the ride has not been operated yet. However, when Kris steps into the control room and knocks himself into the operating button, he ends up steering the ride off the track into the Sound. Will Kris ever make it back from his Maiden Voyage?
- "Ten Banners" is an obvious parody of the well-known amusement park chain Six Flags.


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All Android applications categories
Radio Veseljak app is to Play Radio music online. Radio Veseljak app is Free, Personalised radio services that plays the best music by Artist you Love. Radio Veseljak Offers Some of the Best Music Radio which you are going to Love it.
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ORION 23FT for sale in East Ballina, NSW $59,500
|Listing Type
|Travel Length - ft
Tare Mass 2540 kg. Max. Ball loading 350 kg. Ball loading at tare mass 190 kg. GTM Rating 2750 kg. VIN No. 6T9T21V97B09MS037. Tyre size 235/75R.
Exterior features:-
4" Supergal chassis with 2" inch raiser, 6" inch A frame, shock absorbers, 15" alloys with light truck tyres & alloy spare, 10" electric brakes, leaf spring roller rocker suspension, 3 arm heavy duty bumper, checker plate on lower front & sides, tunnel boot, 2 large front tool boxes with gas struts doors- can hold outboard, generator, Jerry cans etc. front tap, x3 95 water tanks with gal stone guards, 23 ltr gas & electric HWS, water filter, x2 gas bottles, wineguard antenna, brake away brake safe units, x2 100 amp deep cycle batteries with charger, LED clearance & tail lights, CD, MP3, DVD, Radio with indoor/outdoor speakers, annexe & BBQ lights, 3 external power points, x2 built in external drop down picnic tables, TV box with arm & 240 volt, 12 volt & TV point, pressure hatch, Anderson plug, roll out awning, European double glazed windows, all fitted with built in sliding blinds & fly screens, triple lock security door, roll out BBQ with gas point, Aussie traveller light weight annexe with anti flap bars, Hayman Reese sway bars included.
Internal features:-
Leather Club Lounge, fully moulded shower cubicle, ceramic bowl toilet, hand basin with under & over cupboards & mirror, Queen size island bed with inner spring mattress & pillow top, gas strut assisted lift up bed, 184 ltr 3 way fridge/freezer, x3 gas & 1 electric stove & grill, fan forced oven, recessed lid over stove, 12 volt range hood, stainless 20 ltr microwave, square stainless steel deep bowl sink, flick mixer taps, digital TV with bracket arm, Ibis reverse cycle heating & cooling aircon, double power points to all bunks & qb, LED lights throughout, x5 reading lights, x2 12 volt water pumps (1 for drinking only), x 2 water tank gauges, x2 mini hatch skylights, x1 4 season hatch, x2 bifold doors ( 1 for bunks & 1 for qb),
This is a well planned out caravan for a family of 5. Lots of storage & space for everyone. We have outgrown it & it is time to let another family have the joy of owning this home on wheels. Where ever you go it is a definite head turner!
Reg to end October 2013
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Home » North America » Mexico » Connect with the Mayans: An Experiential Transformational Journey towards 2012
The Mayan culture is full of history and wonder. The Ancient Mayan's were known for working with astronomy, calender systems, and hieroglyphic writing, and for their amazing ceremonial architecture, including temples and pyramids to name a few. Traveling through the Mayan Riviera and Yucatan, Mexico, you can still see and experience their ancient civilizations. Are you ready to step back into ancient times and experience the land of the Mayans and explore the energy that still resides there?
This is a very special transformational journey, where you will have the opportunity to connect with the Mayans through walking their sacred lands, and connect through ceremony, channeling and exploration. Being in this energy, and spending time in the land of this ancient civilization most likely reawaken a part of you that you didn't realize was there. Transformation is a given with this journey, as we find ourselves in a high frequency as our group works with the Mayans, and as we work with the high vortex energy.
As we begin nearing 2012, there are many unanswered questions. An important part of our journey will be to address questions and concerns. Working with our star beings of light, we are sure to receive much wisdom, guidance, and upgrade of vibration, perceptions and ascension. This is a very important time to begin working with our planetary energy, and this journey will be an amazing step in the process.
Some areas we will explore, but not limited to are:
- Working and understanding the Mayan Calendar as a way of daily personal transformation
- Visiting sacred sites such as the ruins of Tulum, Chichen Itza and Coba
- Detoxing or bodies and energy in the sacred Cenote pools and the cleansing turquoise ocean
- Exploring the magic of the Jungle and learning to sense interdimensional doorways
- Star gazing and identifying star gates
- Channeling to connect and receive messages from the Mayans / Star beings
- Connecting with Star Angels, Archangels, and our own Ancient Guides
- Sacred Ceremony to anchor in the higher frequency and connection with Spirit
- Personal and Planetary Frequency Upgrades, Past Live Regression, and Daily Divine Guidance
This journey will be full of healing and enlightenment. As a group we will be definitely walking in high dimensions through out this journey, and this is when magic happens. Transformation at its best! If you are feeling guided, we'd love to have you join us for this magical journey!
Not included: Flights, hotel and food.
Also see tour packages in:
North America Mexico Spiritual Odyssey Yoga & Spiritual Experience Cultural Journey


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The 2016 Renwick Cup is the men's Senior "AAA" championship for the province of Ontario. The tournament was scheduled to be held on April 1 to April 3, 2015 at the Kenora Recreation Centre and will match up the independent Kenora Thistles (affiliated with Hockey Northwestern Ontario) and the 2016 Allan Cup Hockey playoff champions (affiliated with the Ontario Hockey Federation) in a best-of-three series to determine the region's participant in the 2016 Allan Cup being held at the T.G. Smith Centre in Steinbach, Manitoba, April 11-16, 2016.The Kenora Thistles announced they were ceasing operations on January 10, 2016. This means the Allan Cup Hockey playoff champion will now directly advance to the 2016 Allan Cup as the regions representative.
Traditionally the Senior "AAA" champions of Hockey Northwestern Ontario, Northern Ontario Hockey Association and the Ontario Hockey Federation have competed for the Renwick Cup but HNO has been reduced to one team, the NOHA has not had any teams and the only members in the OHF are members of Allan Cup Hockey.


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Dana 300 Compatible Shift K Clip; 80-86 Jeep CJ
Shift K Clip, 1980-1986 Jeep CJ By Omix-ADA
Pricing: $1.99
Is your Dana 300 transfer case not shifting right? Do you cringe from the grinding noises when you shift? Omix-ADA has the Dana 300 internal parts you need to fix your Jeep's transfer case. Fix it and enjoy your ride.
- 18674.24
- 18674.24
- 804314045654
- Omix-ADA
- New
Shipping Information
- Item Requires Shipping
- 0.1 lbs.
- W7.0000" x H5.0000" x L7.0000"
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