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Business tackles Copenhagen
How to deal with science-driven upheavals in board rooms around the world? Why not ask the A-Team for help? The Smith School of Environment and Enterprise in Oxford has an international team especially equipped to explain what's involved to cope with climate, sustainability, and all the other headings demanded by looming legislation. They include Sir David King, former Chief Scientist in the UK, as well as experts from many nations. In the lead-up to the UN's Climate Change Conference in December, we meet some of the school's key people and hear about their big plans for our future.
Barack Obama: No nation, however large or small, wealthy or poor, can escape the impact of climate change. And yet, we can reverse it. John F. Kennedy once observed that our problems are man-made, therefore they may be solved by man.
Stephen Fielding: We've all bought this idea that man is the problem with carbon emissions, and therefore man has to change what we do with carbon emissions. That is where we are at at the moment, but there are some questions now being asked, is man the problem and if not, then what are we doing?
Barack Obama: The good news is, that after too many years of inaction, and denial, there's finally widespread recognition of the urgency of the challenge before us. We know what needs to be done. We know that if we put the right rules and incentives in place, we will unleash the creative power of our best scientists, and engineers and entrepreneurs, to build a better world.
Robyn Williams: Well the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment has been open for a year as part of the University of Oxford. Sir David King is the director, and he looks quite pleased.
David King: I think we've taken off remarkably quickly. For example, we held our first world forum on enterprise and the environment here in the university in July and it was simply superb. Two heads of state, leaders of global industry, leaders from around the world in the academic sense as well, so I think we have taken off. We've got a wonderful group of young people crossing the disciplines.
Robyn Williams: And the countries from Germany, from Nigeria, from Switzerland.
David King: Yes. And from the United States and from Canada. We have managed to go global immediately and we were very keen to do that from the start. But if we then look at what these young people are doing, we have created for example weekly seminars which draw people in from around the whole of this vast University of Oxford, and from outside. And these are unusual seminars because they're dealing with a topic, climate change, its impacts, sustainability, but they're dealing with it, drawing in people from all disciplines. So this is extraordinarily unlikely to happen in a university like Oxford where people come to study chemistry or medieval history, and they're stepping outside their area of specialisation and coming along and getting enormously enthusiastic. This is what we really are all about.
Robyn Williams: Sir David King himself comes from South Africa. He's a chemist, was Britain's chief scientist, and has no illusions about the size of the problems they're trying to tackle.
David King: We're going to have to defossilise our economies as we move forward in time, and we're going to have to move forward and become sustainable with nine billion people on the planet. That's the challenge, and I think it amounts to no less than a new 21st century renaissance. We need a rebirth. We need to recover from the complacency of development in the 20th century, so that we can move into this 21st century and deal with all of the consequences of our behaviour in the 20th century.
Robyn Williams: And of course that change over has been somewhat awkward as you can see with the politics leading up to Copenhagen. Not least in Australia, the tremendous hopes, the ambitions, and then you get to the practical realities and the carbon tradings, talking to business. Business has got particular requirements. How are you managing that interaction between the lofty academics and the brass tack business people?
David King: The key is to talk to them about opportunities. And it's the opportunities that arise when a business minded person understands the direction of the future ahead of his or her competitors. And so what we're saying to them is, if you can move towards a defossilised economy and take your business in that direction, you are going to make a packet out of it. Now that's the only way you can appeal to business, because their shareholders want to see a return on their investment. And they want to attract shareholders. So while social responsibility has to be a key in our working with the businesses, we also have to appeal to this drive to innovate into a low carbon economy.
Robyn Williams: Do any business people see you as an enemy at all? Has there been that manifestation at all?
David King: We haven't experienced that. I mean what is interesting is that you take a whole range of companies from the energy sector as well, who are coming to us and working with us. This is the private sector recognising that we are able to work into the future because of this vast inter-disciplinary resource that we have access to. So we are now working up a futures laboratory, and the first program of work is on the future of mobility. What will mobility look like, not only in terms of us human beings getting around the planet and getting around our cities, but also in terms of how we move goods around. What is the future of mobility out at 2050? And what do we need to be doing now to be optimising each one of our businesses to manage that future? Let me give you a bad example of a company that did not look into the future properly, and that would be GM in America. Imagine in a century where we need to go low carbon, where fuel costs are soaring, and then you take on the Humvee and develop that as a new line, this totally petrol hungry vehicle. What does it do? Seven, eight miles to the gallon. Now of course the company's gone bust. The danger to the private sector is becoming the white elephant of the future. In other words, investing heavily down a direction where it becomes irrelevant to future regulatory systems introduced by governments.
Robyn Williams: Director of the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, Sir David King. And on transport, Dr. Oliver Inderwildi from Switzerland is the scientist tracking that one. And his first concern is aviation. Can we keep planes flying if oil is running out?
Oliver Inderwildi: Actually there are already alternative aviation fuels. SASOL in South Africa is converting coal into a liquid fuel, and that works very well. It's already certified, so if you fly back from Johannesburg you're flying on fuel made from coal. The problem is that the carbon footprint of exactly that fuel is about two and half times as high than the carbon footprint of regular kerosene. However if you could use let's say rubbish or biomass to convert that into fuels using the same process, a Fischer-Tropsch drop process, then you could get a fuel that has a lower carbon footprint than regular kerosene.
Robyn Williams: How do you get the fuel out of the coal? Is it a straightforward process?
Oliver Inderwildi: It's a pretty straightforward process. You first gassify the coal, you heat it up really rapidly and then you get a gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and this you can use in the so-called Fischer-Tropsch process, and what comes out is a mixture of different hydrocarbons. And that's pretty similar to kerosene. It's actually advantageous from the local pollutant emissions point of view, so nox (nitrous oxide) and sulphur oxides, because those fuels emit less of those local pollutants.
Robyn Williams: And can you produce enough? Because the fleet of aircraft is gigantic around the world, and they need an awful lot, especially with the inefficient means of going round in circles and wasting fuel all the time, can you produce enough?
Oliver Inderwildi: I think so, because people are arguing that we are running out of oil. We're definitely not running out of coal, so for the short and medium term we could definitely use coal. And also as you probably know, most of the swing states in the United States have coal, and they have lots of it, so it's a political question. And I think we can produce quite a bit of fuel from coal. I doubt if we really want to do that just because the carbon footprint is 2.5 times as high.
Robyn Williams: Could it be brought down with more efficient methods?
Oliver Inderwildi: Yes, absolutely, it could be brought down. But then you still have a carbon footprint that is twice as high, because you're not only using a fossil fuel, but you're treating a fossil fuel before you burn it, and that just increases the carbon footprint. And coal is obviously of the dirtiest fossil fuels we have.
Robyn Williams: How do you see in say 20 years time with innovations such as the silent aircraft from Cambridge, will we fly as much as we do now? Will it be different?
Oliver Inderwildi: I definitely hope that we fly as much as today, because it's just an economic factor. If we want to continue our economic growth, we have to keep it up. We just have to find alternative means, and I think Singapore Airways for instance is operating its London to Singapore route with 30 percent less emission, using the Airbus A380. And if we come up with more concepts, the next one is Boeing, the Dreamliner, which is a low emission airplane. So if we can combine efficient airplanes, good air traffic management and alternative low carbon fuels in aviation, I think we can even let the aviation sector grow while reducing emissions.
Robyn Williams: It's often seemed to me a good idea to augment planes with trains, because intercity fast trains, which we don't have in Australia, could reduce the need to go out to those airports and wear delays and all the rest of it. But when you analyse the efficiency, the carbon efficiency of trains and stations, if you do the sort of overall look, some trains are efficient, other trains are not. How do you view it?
Oliver Inderwildi: You're probably talking about diesel trains which are less efficient, absolutely. I think we should electrify trains in general, and basically it was Germany's and France's transportation policies in the '80s and '90s to provide a high speed train network, to reduce the amount of domestic flights. And they're pretty successful for it. So if you today want to travel from Paris to Mannheim, or from Hamburg to Berlin, then you go for the train because it's just much easier, especially with the security at the check-in after 911, it's quite a hassle to get on a plane. While if you have an efficient high speed train, commuting between two major cities, then that's an efficient means to get traffic out of the air onto the rail.
Robyn Williams: Especially when they're integrated. But I see this week the Dreamliner from Boeing that Dr. Inderwildi just mentioned, is having production trouble in Seattle and is falling behind schedule.
So anyway, we shall keep flying using different fuels and planes. As for cars, hybrids, electric cars and adjuncts to the grid.
Oliver Inderwildi: I definitely see the plug in hybrid as something that we'll have in the future, so basically you recharge your hybrid overnight and then it runs the first 20 or 30 miles purely on battery. And then your combustion engine kicks in, if you need to travel more than that. Probably most people won't need the combustion engine, because their commute is shorter than that. The problem is there were quite big incentives in the United States for hybrid cars, and hybrids only make sense if you have stop and go, if you are driving in a city. Now in the United States lots of people are driving around in the mid-west where you don't really have much stop and go, but you drive on freeways. And there the hybrid doesn't really make sense because you're just carrying additional weight around.
Robyn Williams: What about the cost of putting all that infrastructure for plug-in all over the country and all over the town? Is it straightforward?
Oliver Inderwildi: I don't know if you have a power plug in your garage, that's probably all the infrastructure you need. It's a bit more of a problem for cities where cars park on the street.
Robyn Williams: And how will that electricity grid mesh with electric cars? We've done stories on The Science Show coming from Perth, Curtin University, talking about ways in which smart grids can be augmented by those very batteries in motor cars. Now how will that work?
Oliver Inderwildi: Exactly, it's sort of a buffer for the grid, which is a minute amount of electricity if you're talking about one car. But just think about how many cars there are in Melbourne or Sydney.
Robyn Williams: The point is that these electric cars will have batteries with four times the capacity that they need, so they can back-up the grid, even storying energy obtained from other sources such as wind and solar. Dr. Oliver Inderwildi is from Switzerland.
Another of the Smith School's experts is from Germany, Dr. Bettina Wittneben. How does she feel about fronting a boardroom full of tough minded business types with her theory and techno advice?
Bettina Wittneben: Well I have to admit it was a bit intimidating. It was a brand new boardroom at the University of Calgary, and the room was packed. Now the professor who had invited me, Professor Frances Bowen, had said to me, probably nobody will come, it's the middle of August, it's Friday afternoon. But the room was packed and the assistant had to bring in chairs, and everyone was looking at me in anticipation. People have come up to me to introduce themselves and I was really surprised, because I lived in Alberta ten years ago and I thought it would be a very conservative audience, very defensive. But in fact everyone was very curious what I had to say. People were telling me, I work in sustainability, I'm bringing these issues to our company. It's difficult for me, I'm looking for answers, I'm looking for ways forward. I'm hoping your talk will inspire me. So it was kind of intimidating to be faced with this, coming from an academic background and having all these people looking at me. You know, they've taken out the most beautiful day of the year to come and, yes, they were looking for solutions.
Robyn Williams: And what happened?
Bettina Wittneben: Well, I started out with theory actually. I told them, look it's only going to be two slides, but I need to give you a theoretical background on what I do, because I can't say to business, I know what you should be doing. I can only say to them, look, this is the research I'm doing, this is why I think I can inform the field, and based on that I can give recommendations, I can talk about my findings. So I tried to spice it up a little to make it understandable, but because the audience was mixed, there were also academics in the audience, I wanted to give also some references on literature. So that's how I broached it.
Robyn Williams: And when you'd finished, were they pleased? Were they smiling?
Bettina Wittneben: Oh they were full of energy. Actually I had a whole stack of business cards, I said you know whoever's interested. I ran out within the first five minutes of people asking me for my email. I got all these emails afterwards, you know, where can I find more information on this? You mentioned this publication, can you tell me where I can find that? Because I had opened the discussion, my last slide was okay, now questions to you. What is it like in your organisations? What sort of challenges are you facing? What are the barriers to implementing climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in your business? They really wanted to give me this information. They said, oh by the way, my organisation, this is what we do and this is the barriers we face. And people send me emails about their workplace and I thought that was really great, because it was an actual exchange and I learnt a lot from them. And they seemed to be happy with the information I gave them.
David King: One of the things I'm most proud of when I was in the British government was talking to the department that deals with planning and deals with housing, saying what we need is progressive regulation on new houses. So that after a certain year, every new house going up has to be zero energy usage from outside its own environment. So after 2017 every new building go up in Britain has to be effectively zero carbon. Now that sounds impossible, but the construction industry are now getting on with it. They know they've got a finite time to develop it, and they know that it's not just consumer demand, it's a government demand that they have to achieve that. If I'm a sensible constructor, I'm going to start investing in R&D right now to see that I can build the appropriate homes. Because then I will knock my competitors out of the business. And that's exactly what's happening.
Robyn Williams: When is this future lab up and running? Because the school's up and running, but the future lab is going to be one day.
David King: So the next stage is to appoint a futures programme director. We very much hope that we can attract somebody from Australia. It's time we had a few more Australians in the Smith School. The future of mobility director will then take this program on the future of mobility to its next phase, which will be a two-year in depth study of the current state of knowledge on where mobility will go, and then scoping the future in terms of scenario building and advice to governments and to the private sector on how they need best to position themselves into that future direction.
Robyn Williams: Sir David King, and before him, Dr. Bettina Wittneben. Dr. Mick Blowfield's remit at the Smith School is particularly confronting. He's working with industries sometimes seen as the old fashioned villains of traditional enterprise. But it doesn't faze him one bit.
Mick Blowfield: It's palm oil forests and coal fired power. And what units those three industries is that they are what I'd call incumbent industries, they're very strong industries within their countries. They are very well positioned, and yet they have been highlighted for being quite problematic in a climate change context.
Robyn Williams: Yes Mick, I would imagine that if you were in Yes Minister, they would say 'very brave, very brave!'
Mick Blowfield: Well I think you can start cherry picking and say, well I'm going to only work with hybrid cars and I'm only going to work with solar powered companies and so on. And I think there's perfect validity in that. But if you really want to get to the nuts and bolts of the kind of change that we've got to make over the next 20, 30 years, then you've got to deal with these industries. You can't just wish that they weren't there.
Robyn Williams: You in other words have got to do business with the bad guys. But are they bad guys, do you think?
Mick Blowfield: I wouldn't portray them as bad guys. I think that they have an image in many cases of being bad guys. Certainly timber in Indonesia has had a rocky historical record, its involvement with the Suharto regime and so on and so forth. But I think overall you could say that these are industries, whether you think they're bad guys or good guys, they're industries that are there, they are industries that are faced with enormous change challenges, some very, very difficult management issues, social, political, economic issues that they've got to confront. And so it makes a lot of sense to work with that kind of industry rather than on the side of the angels.
Robyn Williams: Palm trees, palm oil, knocking down forests to make a product that doesn't necessarily go to the essentials of life. Starting with palm oil, what do you tell those people about how they've got to change and face a new world?
Mick Blowfield: Well first of note that I don't have to tell them that they've got to change. I mean they invited me to come and work with them. They're an industry that has recognised for several years now that the idea of sustainable palm oil is something that has to be thought about and dealt with quite seriously. I think a company like Unilever which depends heavily on palm oil, is not going to feel comfortable putting its reputation at risk by having unsustainable production. At the same time, Unilever doesn't have 100 other places where it can go to find substitutes for palm oil. You say palm oil isn't an essential thing, well you're going to have trouble spreading things on your bread. So it's something that, rather than non-essential, it's something that's invisible. We don't realise. Now where we begin with them quite simply is to say, where can you envisage the industry being in 20, 30 years time? And then working back from there. Whether they want to be in that situation, we set out different scenarios, some more desirable than the other. And then we take back the ones that they feel most comfortable with, scenarios that they would like to see their grandchildren inherit, and we work back from there and see whether, given where they are today, given what the realistic options are, the trends, the political developments and so on over the next few years, whether realistically they're going to be there. Where are the forks in the road that they need to take? What are the key decisions where the needs to be change for that industry?
Robyn Williams: Do those three industries accept that they're going to have to change and have to change dramatically? Or do they think they can somehow scrub around it and do the same as usual?
Mick Blowfield: I wouldn't want to put any one of those industries on the spot. They are in very different political contexts, there are certainly individuals and quite powerful individuals that would say we have to change. That might be different from their public stance where they're often more defensive. But I think they are wrestling with it. But these are very, very big changes. If you take for instance coal fired power in South Africa, that is 95 percent of energy for South Africa. All of that comes from old style power stations. So it is if you like the spawn of the devil from the average climate change specialist. But you can't wish that industry away, unless what you're saying is, well economic development, particularly the post-gold era, economic development of the country is going to be put on hold while we figure out what other sources of energy we can get. And we also say by the way to the poor townships and so on that keep the current government in power, by the way we're going to take you back to an apartheid era level of electricity supply, or perhaps even worse than apartheid era level of electricity supply. How do you do that? So that industry there may be seen as something that is very dangerous from the outside, but from inside, from South African policy perspectives, from economic perspectives and from the perspective of the most needy, it is an essential industry to have. How do you transition with that industry without putting these other things in jeopardy?
Robyn Williams: Well, let's take those two examples. Forests in Indonesia and coal in South Africa. Imagine they take this exercise seriously. In the best of all possible worlds, how would you see them in say 20, 25 years time in South Africa, having moved away from coal?
Mick Blowfield: Well, have they moved away from coal? I think that's an enormous assumption. It's a question of what percentage they can move away from coal. But it's what kind of coal industry that you can have. Is it a coal industry that you can get foreign investors to buy into? Because at the moment foreign investment into that industry and indeed to the nuclear industry which some would say is the alternative, has almost dried up. I would really resist answering it myself, because I think what my role is and what the role of the research we're doing at the Smith School is, is to work and collaborate with the industries and with other stakeholders to find the solution that enables them to meet their vision of what a satisfactory future is going to look like.
Bettina Wittneben: What I'm trying to push business to think about is their role within the economic system, because there are changes they can make in their operations or even when you look at the carbon coming from the supply chain or the product usage and disposal. But really to tackle the emission reductions that we need to tackle according to the IPCC report, we have to look beyond the business as a unit. And actually look at the business within the system of production and consumption, and then to make much greater changes. And I'm trying to push business leaders to think about their role on the greater whole of society, in order to then come up with solutions that would work.
Robyn Williams: That's a challenge for them, because you don't necessarily cooperate on that level, you're going to have to cooperate in future though.
Bettina Wittneben: That's right. And I think that's why businesses like my approach, because I've talked to businesses also in Europe and people say, you know, you don't have to tell me anything about my strategic management, I can figure this out myself, I know my market, I know my product. But to have the sort of big picture approach and to look at the economy as a whole and the role of their company within that economy, that's something that pushes their thinking, and it's actually refreshing I think. And that's where we as academics can come in, because I'm not a consultant, I'm not going to go into the company and help them sort out their carbon emissions. But I can help people sort of think further along the line, even before regulation comes in, so that businesses can direct their future operations into ways that actually would be helpful in regards to environmental performance.
Robyn Williams: How do you know in the long run that what you're doing works?
Bettina Wittneben: Well I don't! I don't know whether what I'm suggesting works. I know that what's happening right now doesn't work. What I'm seeing is so many companies are going carbon neutral, but we're still having increasing emissions, so there's a mismatch here. Something is not right. And I'm hoping that my insights from organisation theory will help propel the field. How that will work, we'll have to see and we'll have to adjust our strategy as we go along and see what works and what doesn't. I don't think there's one silver bullet solution, so it will be a makeup of small solutions. But we have to work towards that goal of reducing emissions, a substantial level.
Robyn Williams: Bettina Wittneben of the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment. She's from Germany. Dr. Chucks Okereke, Chuck to his friends, is from Africa. His research puts climate and justice together in a way that can seem confronting.
Chucks Okereke: That's a very important question. And the simple answer is that people who are responsible for pumping billions (on tonnes) of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere should be responsible for cleaning it up. In practice, this mean forging a very robust global deal that allows the developing countries to get the right kind of incentives and finance, advice, technology, their needs to develop while at the same time reducing emissions. So the principle dilemma if you like is that on the one hand developing countries still need to grow. But at the same time, emissions worldwide need to come down drastically.
Robyn Williams: So they grow in a different way, in a modern way.
Chucks Okereke: They should grow in a different way, what we call a low carbon way. Most developing countries, especially the ones I've spoken with, they express a desire to grow in a low carbon pathway, they don't necessarily want to replicate the mistake of the western world. But here they are, the most pressing problem they have is poverty, is development. Millions of their populations are living on less than $1 a day. And here you are trying to tell them of the need to take care of the environment. You must be coming from Mars or the moon or wherever! So they say to me, we really want to take this problem seriously, but we lack the financial muscle. There are more pressing problems. And so we need support, we need help from the advanced countries, particularly because this is their problem. They caused it in the first place.
Robyn Williams: How do you apply that to a country like Nigeria which has had clearly an obviously turbulent political scene in the last 15, 20 years?
Chucks Okereke: That's really a very good example, especially because I am from Nigeria. That leads onto the second aspect of my research, which is actually looking to see how corporate actors, companies, industries operating in developing countries can actually do their businesses in a more responsible way. That leads us to Shell. Shell employs more people in Nigeria than any other corporate actor. I have heard Shell employees almost [inaudible] like the federal government in Nigeria. But Shell flares most of his gas; about 600 (million) cubic metres of gas is flared every year in Nigeria. The country produces about 12.7 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions per annum. This is unacceptable. Now in other parts of the world, gas flaring has been stopped by Shell and other oil companies. Why is it still occurring in Nigeria?
Robyn Williams: Yes, of course we see it on television, famously, these great big flames going up. Why do they have to do it technically? What's the reason for this flaring?
Chucks Okereke: Well the standard argument is that nobody needs it, but it's completely nonsensical because 70 percent of Nigeria doesn't have access to electricity, it can very well be converted. But then the argument goes that they don't have the infrastructure to do that, they don't have the right political environment to do this. And you have to be sympathetic sometimes with Shell's argument, because sometimes in the past Shell has said, okay we are willing to harness this gas and turn it into electricity or energy. And Shell has shown that they are quite willing to do that by putting some money on the ground. But of course what Shell does, is a joint venture, which means that the Nigerian government has to match Shell's money. But the Nigerian government has not done this because of partly corruption, partly lack of knowledge on what to do. So that's again where myself and my team we come in. On the one hand we try to educate the government, not just Nigeria, but South Africa, Rwanda, on what they can do. Because often times in governments people think that taking any action equals losing money, but that is not necessarily always the case. If you have a clever policy, clever institutional framework, you can actually find that you can on the one hand take action that will be beneficial for the environment, while at the same time creating jobs and saving lives and giving people access to clean energy. But it also means talking to organisations like Shell and getting them to apply these same standards that they do in developed countries, in developing countries. So we kind of talk with both parties to see what can be done to move forward.
Robyn Williams: And what sort of reception do you get, both from the leaders in Nigeria and in Shell itself?
Chucks Okereke: Wow, wonderful, we should do this, they all say. But in practice they don't actually do that for a range of reasons. I mean it has to be recognised that the logic of business is increasing bottom line. This is very simple. I mean angels don't do business, okay, so you have to understand that Shell most important priority is how to increase its bottom line. So the buck for me actually does fall back on the government. Without the right regulatory framework it's difficult for Shell to act. But I do say, given the fact that it is widely recognised in business and management circles that companies should also be good citizens. I do say to Shell and to other companies, you also need to clean your act, even if the public pressure is not high, even if government is not writing regulations in the way that would force you to do something. At least for the sake of your reputation, at least for the sake of the global brand. But also for the sake of the environment, as a good citizen I think that corporate actors should also do something.
Robyn Williams: Assuming that we really have a big problem with climate change, let's accept that for a minute, and that the urgency is clear and obvious given the science. Do the government, do the people you talk to in Africa, the people in government, really understand? Do they have a picture of how urgent change is, and how they must actually get on with it? Or do they think, well you know we can do deals, we can muck about, we can do the usual?
Chucks Okereke: I must be honest, I sometimes feel frustrated, because they don't need to look far to see the impact. In developing countries things are already happening. Millions are dying on a daily basis from drought, crop failure, low crop yield, cyclones, all sorts, increase in tropical disease. So you don't actually need to look far to see the impact of climate change on the ground. The problem is not the areas are different between the main town accent to something, and that passion or zeal to do something about it. And you also see the same attitude in developed countries where the actions do not always match the rhetoric. So it seems to me that on the one hand developing country governments understand the need to do something, the impact of climate change. But I must be honest and say that their action don't always match same in knowledge.
Robyn Williams: Some people have said in Australia actually that what it requires is the same sort of attitude that happened after Pearl Harbour. There was a great global shock. Do you think that is what it takes?
Chucks Okereke: I hope that it doesn't get to that extent, but sometimes you kind of feel that perhaps that might ultimately be the only way. What is it then that's going to shock people to do something? Maybe some form of big catastrophe. But again I say, I hope we don't get to that level.
Robyn Williams: Dr. Chucks Okereke from the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, just opened in Oxford. Building a bridge between business and the environmental future.
And a final word from Sir David King. Are they really only consultants?
David King: We work with a bunch of associates, about 100 professors from around the university who are embedded in their disciplinary subject area, so whether they're engineers or chemists or economists or philosophers, we're working with all of them. They're publishing their papers, doing their heavy research. The Smith School's focus is unusual for a university. We're focussed on assisting to find solutions, so working with the best academic researchers from across all disciplines to assist governments and the private sector to find low carbon solutions into the future. That's what we are here for. So when you describe us as potentially good consultants, marvellous, that's actually what we're trying to do.
- Sir David King
- Director
The Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at Oxford University
- http://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/people/management_team/mt/professor_sir_david_king
- Dr Michael Blowfield
- Senior Research Fellow
The Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at Oxford University
- http://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/people/research_fellows/rf/dr_michael_blowfield
- Dr Bettina Wittneben
- Programme Director, World Forum on Enterprise and Environment
The Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at Oxford University
- http://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/people/research_fellows/rf/dr_bettina_wittneben
- Dr Oliver Inderwildi
- Research Fellow
The Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at Oxford University
- http://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/people/research_fellows/rf/dr_oliver_inderwildi
- Dr Chukwumerije Okereke
- Research Fellow
The Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at Oxford University
- http://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/people/research_fellows/rf/dr_chukwumerije_okereke
Further Information
- Presenter
- Robyn Williams
- Producer
- Nicky Phillips


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Must say I love Dr. Nazemi he is kind caring very helpful takes the time to call me with lab results and he is punctual and very honest. He is an amazing Dr. with terrible front desk staff and the billing department ahhh forget it. His nurse is a very sweet lady and is very helpful as well .
Excellent physician...Thorough. Stable staff. Front desk helpful and courteous.
very difficult to make appointments. If you wanna make app because you are not feeling good is 2to 3 weeks. the person who answers phone is very rude. It takes them forever to get a lab result or have the doctor call you regarding the result. Unorganized and unfriendly office.
Was very concerned and continously kept me in the loop to what was going on. A caring doctor that ran many tests trying to determine the problem but took the time to talk to me each day about my son and his condition and continued to contact me when I had to return to FL for awhile.
He is really a very nice doctor. I am glad I go to him to get my hypothyroid corrected.. :)
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I know a lot of us, no matter hailing from whatever cultures, old-timer or otherwise, volunteer, employee or otherwise, will pull ourselves through.
And we'll survive and emerge stronger.
I know a lot of us, no matter hailing from whatever cultures, old-timer or otherwise, volunteer, employee or otherwise, will pull ourselves through.
And we'll survive and emerge stronger.
I have followed Pwn2Own ever since its inception in 2007. For those of you who do not know what Pwn2Own is, it is a competition in which hackers try to take advantage of software weaknesses in browsers (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari etc.), put up specially crafted webpages and click on them to try and launch another application, usually calc.exe. They then gain a monetary reward in return. It usually happens on the sidelines of CanSecWest, a yearly security conference held in Vancouver.
During my university days in Singapore on the other side of the world, I always followed this competition with anticipation. I told myself, one day, just one day, I will be at the frontline helping to decipher the problem and help to get the fix out to Firefox users around the world as soon as possible.
Over the years, a security researcher by the name of Nils took down Firefox in 2009 (bug 484320) and in 2010 (bug 555109), whereas in 2011, nobody took down Firefox.
Last year in 2012, I was on-site in Vancouver and I witnessed Willem Pinckaers and Vincenzo Iozzo take down Firefox. However, the bug (720079) was already identified and fixed through internal processes.
This year, Pwn2Own became the venue for many exploits against major browsers, including Firefox (bug 848644), as well as other plugins which are more often used in browsers, such as Flash and Java. The team that took down Firefox this year was VUPEN Security, who also punched holes through Internet Explorer 10, Java and Flash.
Some of my colleagues / co-workers were present at the conference and were relaying us information live, while I stayed back at the office preparing my machines to diagnose the issue.
The following timeline (all times PST) describes my role behind the scenes with respect to the Firefox exploit by VUPEN, on March 6, 2013:
~3pm: Rumblings heard on IRC channels that Firefox has been moved from its scheduled slot to 5.30pm.
5.30pm: VUPEN gets ready.
~5.54pm: VUPEN takes down Firefox. On-site team gets to work getting details of the exploit.
~7pm: Bug 848644 gets filed.
Looking at the innings of the testcase, together with confirmation with team members over IRC that there is no malicious code present (Proof of Concept (PoC) code just crashes), I manage to reproduce the crash on a fully-patched Windows 7 system.
More analysis from early responders flow in; information such as the attack vector (Editor), Asan stack trace showing the implicated functions (possibly nsHTMLEditRules::GetPromotedPoint).
I did a quick stab at the regression range here. Using the bisection technique described here, I found that early January 2012 builds did not crash, whereas early January 2013 builds did crash.
The testcase seemed initially tricky; until it was eventually found (quite awhile later) that one could reliably trigger this with one tab that somehow caused the "pop-up blocked" info bar to show, I had to try the testcase repeatedly, sometimes reloading, sometimes closing then opening the browser again to trigger the crash.
Using mozregression here might have been a good idea – however due to an incorrect decision whether a particular build was crashing or not, one would bisect down to an incorrect regression window and waste precious time.
Time was of the essence here – the sooner one gets an accurate regression window, the faster a developer can potentially pinpoint the cause of the crash.
I found myself repeatedly downloading and checking builds to see if they did crash or not. Sometimes the crash happened immediately on load (with the initial PoC). Other times it happened only after a few minutes, or only after a restart.
I eventually settled on the following regression window: crash happens on the October 6, 2012 nightly, but not on the previous day's (October 5), and I posted a comment, so this could get confirmation from other people. I then immediately looked through the hgweb regression window to see if anything stood out – bug 796839 seemed to be a likely cause, but everything else was still a possibility.
in that regression window, more clues emerge. The Asan stack trace pointed to nsHTMLEditRules::GetPromotedPoint being part of the bigger picture here, and some detective work showed that in this changeset from bug 796839, the file editor/libeditor/html/nsHTMLEditRules.cpp was changed, and this was the file that nsHTMLEditRules::GetPromotedPoint was located in.
Coincidence? Probably. However, this made everything more likely. At this point in time, it was 8pm, approximately one hour from the point in which the testcase was obtained.
I began to consider (and possibly discount) other possibilities, including bug 795610. Thanks to great work by Nicolas Pierron and his git wizardry, we found that nsHTMLInputElement::SetValueInternal (also implicated in the Asan stack trace), existed in nsHTMLInputElement.cpp which was modified in that bug. However, this possibility was quickly discounted.
At this point, I was able to get independent verification that the regression window (Oct 5 – Oct 6) was indeed correct. Further checking showed that our Extended Support Releases (ESR) builds on version 17 was also affected.
This made bug 796839 extremely likely to be the root cause, because it was landed on mozilla-central during the version 18 nightly window, but was backported to mozilla-aurora at that time, which was the version 17 branch. Bug 796839 would encompass the patch landing that inadvertently opened up a vulnerability in Firefox.
Independent confirmation of this regressor came at 9pm.
Within 2 hours, we had gotten from having a PoC testcase with no idea what was affected, to knowing which patch caused the issue. I thus nominated for the fix to be landed on all affected branches.
By about 10pm, the fix was put up for review. After that, lots of great work by various people/teams went towards quick approvals, landing of the fix, along with QA verification.
Overnight, builds were created and by late morning the next day, the advisory was prepared, with QA about to sign-off on the new builds.
At 4pm, a new version of Firefox (19.0.2) was shipped with the fix.
Credit must be given to the other Mozilla folks in this effort, who have, outside of normal day working hours, worked till late night to make this possible. I am proud to be part of this fabulous team effort.
It certainly has been my honour to have helped keep Mozilla users safe on the web.
Valgrind builds are now green on TBPL as of this morning!
I filed bug 800435 to get the build unhidden – previously it was hidden on tbpl.mozilla.org (TBPL) because it was always fiercely burning.
Note that the some of the multiple builds you see in the screenshot were manually triggered, otherwise only one per day is automatically scheduled.
What are Valgrind builds?
Running Firefox binaries with Valgrind helps to detect run-time memory management bugs, so it finds problems like use-after-frees (invalid reads/writes), uninitialized variables as well as memory leaks.
Note that the run-time speed of the application will take a substantial hit – it can take a long time to start up a Valgrind build. Moreover, a fairly powerful computer running Linux / Mac (preferably Linux) with about 4 GB memory is recommended. Tests are thus run once a day due to the slowdown, and we currently run only PGO tests (a small subset of our tests, note that our Valgrind builds are not PGO though).
How was this accomplished?
It is important to note that a lot of work by other folks was put in a year or two ago to get Valgrind showing up before it was hidden by default on TBPL for being perma-red. I then stepped up to help turn it green since I had some experience in running JavaScript binaries with Valgrind, and we all love greenery. 🙂
When I first embarked on this about 3-4 weeks ago, I found and helped to fixed 3 harness bugs, assisted in upgrading Valgrind twice, detected 35 potential issues at the time of writing (some of which were intended leaks), with 3 non-sensitive ones being fixed, some being recent regressions and one other being potentially security-sensitive. With the issues now known and filed as bugs, they were added to suppression files which also live in the mozilla-central tree. I also accidentally stumbled on a supposed TBPL selfserve bug that turned out to be a Firefox regression.
How can we help?
This is just a small step forward. In the future, ideally we should:
and we should also incorporate AddressSanitizer (Asan) builds into TBPL. (Asan is a faster memory error detector than Valgrind, and sometimes finds a different class of bugs, but it does not detect uninitialized values the way Valgrind does)
Christian Holler [:decoder] has some regular Asan builds but they are only run through the Try servers.
Anything else?
Shout-outs go out to the following people: Julian Seward, Nicholas Nethercote, Jesse Ruderman, Ted Mielczarek, Releng folks Chris AtLee, Nick Thomas and Rail Aliiev, our sheriffs edmorley, philor, RyanVM, and all others whom I have inadvertently left out. Without any of your collaboration and hard work we would be unable to have this set of Valgrind greenery. You folks rock!
Edit: Bug 800435 has been fixed, Valgrind builds now appear by default, thanks Ehsan! See the following screenshot:
Edit 2: It's been re-hidden again because it's "not a tier-1 platform".
Bonus: Here's a video showing the Endeavour Space Shuttle flypast in Mountain View. Just in case you haven't seen it. 🙂


text:
Officially Licensed Oakland Raiders Train Collection
Sports the colors, symbols, and dramatic full-color art of the Oakland Raiders! FREE 16-piece track set and power pack - a $70 value!
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This NFL collectible is officially licensed by NFL Properties LLC and PLAYERS INC., and is available exclusively from Hawthorne Village. You'll love the way it proudly sports the revered Silver and Black, along with Oakland Raiders symbols and dramatic, full-color art of your favorite players in action - from the rookies to the tried-and-true veterans! Every inch of this Oakland Raiders electric train collection is precision scaled with authentic details, from the solid metal chassis to the steel alloy wheels. The sleek, classic diesel engine even has a working headlight, and the passenger cars are lit from within. But if you want to own this train collection - or give it as the ultimate collectible Oakland Raiders football fan gift - you must hurry! Strong demand is expected for this awesome NFL football collectible, so order now!
- An HO scale train collection celebrating the Oakland Raiders, available only from Hawthorne Village
- Officially licensed by NFL Properties LLC and PLAYERS INC
- Included FREE 14-piece HO gauge track, power pack and speed controller with Issue Two - a $100 value
- HO scale train collection is carefully handcrafted with precision detailing and authentic features including a solid metal chassis and steel alloy wheels to bring you years of enjoyment
- Each train car in this must-have Oakland Raiders NFL football collectible is richly detailed with the colors and symbols of your favorite team plus dramatic, full-color art of players in action
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- The heirloom-quality trains are precisely scaled: train is designed to run on HO gauge track
- Makes a great collectible Oakland Raiders gift for you or your favorite football fan Certificates of Authenticity
- Individual train cars run on HO train track, complete oval track measures 38" x 47"; 96.5 cm x 119.4 cm
- Reserves the entire collectible Oakland Raiders electric train collection in your name so you never risk an increase on the price of other collectibles in this collection, or miss a single issue of this collection
- Each issue will be shipped to you for your review, about one every month or two (pending availability), at the same low issue price and charged to the credit card on which your order was placed. No need to order each one separately
- You may cancel your collection at any time with no obligation
- "Issue One - the diesel locomotive" will be followed by "Issue Two - the B-unit engine with FREE HO gauge track, power pack and speed controller" "Issue Three - a passenger collectible train car" and additional collectible train cars decorated with Oakland Raiders artwork as they become available
©2007 Hawthorne Village


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Dec 16, 2007
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf???
Allow me to share the Insanity...
This holiday season, you might just have some down time, eh? A cult classic, "Who's Afraid of Virginia Wolff," is a must see.
The movie blew me away and from all I can gather, it is one of the first films, short of Psycho, which garnered or ushered in our ratings system, as we know it today.
You've never seen a movie such as this, guaranteed. It should not be too difficult to obtain and is cinematic genius. You've not lived to till you've seen this piece.
Racy and edgy, ahead of it's time, it deals with some serious issues. But don't be fooled, you'll be mesmerized as Taylor and Burton, play out their best works.
I actually watched this, in the middle of a snow storm, sick as a dog, curled up on the couch in 1996? To this day, it has become one of my all time favorites. Besides the fact that it reminded me of my Mom and Dad and how they fought, you'll find great amusement, if you read between the lines and view it as a film, far before it's time. Don't slight yourself as I do not make a point of recommending movies. Siskel & Ebert, I am not.
18 comments:
- CanadianSwiss said...
I don't think I've ever seen that movie. Looks like I'll have to find it on the net and download. Thanks for the tip :)
CS, I hope you'll be able to find it. I think you'll truly enjoy it. No, it's not a feel good film but damn if it's not memorable. Kiss that X, my ol friend!
- Old Knudsen said...
I just don't like Burton or Taylor and can't get past that.I laugh when people say woof instead of wolf.
- Rob K said...
"You are cordially invited to George and Martha's for an evening of fun and games."
Awesome choice, Babs! There's some fabulous acting here. And look how young George Segal is!
- marky said...
wow. that looks intense. i don't know if i could take it. maybe one rainy evening....how did your parents fighting like this affect you? do you have realtionship with them now?
- ~Babz~ said...
Old Knudsen, ok then give me a better example, so I may know your taste. I mean they don't make 'em quite like they used to but who is it that makes you think they are truly good at their craft?
- ~Babz~ said...
Rob K, I'd forgotten that line. Don't you think, for that time, that period, this movie was really racy as it dealt with issues people just didn't discuss, you know, they swept under the carpet??
I need to watch it again and I'm not sure what reminded me of it. Senility has become an issue for me, lol!
- ~Babz~ said...
Marky, it is a perfect movie for a rainy day or in the middle of a snow storm, curled up on the couch in all your favorite blankies, in your boxers, right?
My Mom and Dad fought like crazy, not physical stuff but my Mom could be a snarky, upper crust, hit below the belt, go for broke fighter. My Dad mostly fended her off with a bit of wit and sarcasm. I learned an eclectic mix, from them.
But if I am fighting with a loved one, I never hit below the belt and try like hell not to say things I don't mean out of anger. Anyone else, look out cause I do my best to get under every layer, to the core of you. Well, I am behaved more so these days. I'm like a cat, naps and occasional running amuck.
My parents broke up when I was 11.My Dad remarried but died in '86 and Mom remarried and is still capable of being nothing less than a Big B. However, she has mellowed quite a bit.
These are my parents, my Mom and Step-Dad, who I am very close with, founded MIA;
Ya had to ask, lol!
- msb said...
George and Martha , sure could turn a phrase or two. I don't think my parents quite had the gift. but I was a learner and That movie one of my favorite gifts of valuable insults, sarcastic rebuttals, and twisted quips.
took me years of retraining my mouth just to keep them as unspoken thoughts and learn to just smile.
bitchin' blog, Babz
- JerseyTjej said...
I tried to find a copy here and cannot! Do you have one...Just askin, lol! Holla at a ho' and Feliz Navidad! YOU have to check out Soldier Blue with Candice Bergen and Peter Strauss...I woke up with heart burn at 2 am and could not believe this film!
They sure don't make em like they used to, that's for sure. I haven't seen that movie but want to catch up on some movie watching - I'll put it on my list. I did some curling on the couch today and somehow wound up watching.... Gun Smoke. :)
- Rob K said...
It's been years since I've seen it, too, Babs. I also studied it in an English lit class in college, but don't ask me to recall that class...or the college for that matter.
Benny Hill did a spoof on this film where, through the miracle of special effects, he played both parts. It's good for a laugh, as I recall.
- NYD said...
Well hello and thanks for visiting my blog. When I dropped by to see who you were I was surprised to find a multitude of blogs to choose from. This place seems to get the most action, but your 'softer side' was a prettty cool place.
Hope you and yours have a happy holiday and a healthier new year.
P.S. Don't forget the beers.
- ~Babz~ said...
MSB, ya made me laugh as I realized, yes I too had to learn to keep my shit to myself. I call it my DL method(on the down low). I had an abusive husband for years. He'd call me everything but a white girl and if I said anything back boom down I'd go and come up scrapping. So, I evolved and learned to think the shittiest thoughts(they can't take that away till they give me the lobotomy but I'd rather have a bottle in front of me than a frontal lobotomy, right?). I'd look him in the eye and think, "You lil dick, good for nothin motherfucker," and so on. It's how I dealt and it would actually give me a shit eatin grin.
- ~Babz~ said...
Jersey, no I don't have a copy but if I did or if I can find it, I'll send it. It's a good one, worthy of owning. For the life of me, I can't remember why I thought about the movie, either.
I'll have to check out Soldier Blue. I'd not even heard of it but I like both actors.
I checked out Fatboy Media
but didn't see either. The first link to TV Links doesn't look like it works. I'll check out the others though. Yea, you'd be surprised what movies you can find on there. Often times, they're not high quality, like someone took their video cam into the movies but you can watch movies that are currently in the theatre. Check it out.
Now, my ol friend, I hope all your babies have a wonderful Christmas and I got nothin but love for ya bay! Hugz!!
- ~Babz~ said...
Shad Catcher, yes TV Land is famous for shows like that. You know I had a mad crush on Hoss. I married a big man too, my first husband, Wayne was larger than life with his 56 in. chest and 19 1/2 in. neck.
Curled on the couch, the only way to fly. merry Christmas my old friend! Big Love!
- ~Babz~ said...
NYD, thanks for stopping in. If I'd known you were coming home earlier, I woulda baked a cake, lol! You're always welcome here and I might add, it looks like your life is more interesting than mine, for sure.
Hope you enjoy your trip home to NYC, not too much changes, huh? But nothin beats NYC at Christmas, right?
Yes, I have too many blogs and have actually deleted 5 or 6, through the years. I also write;
Free Advice; Ask Aunt Babz
It keeps me busy and off the streets, lol!
Have a good one!
- xstevex said...
interesting Ive been on a Hitchcock kick lately , North By Northwest , Rear Window , The Birds etc but I did just see Cool Hand Luke , that was awesome , Im just a movie nut , or a plain nut if you will.....


text:
The H.L. Bourgeois Braves won their first District 9-4A game of the season and shut down Vandebilt's top scorer, Jarod Voisin, during a 41-28 victory in Gray on Friday night.
HLB (16-11 overall, 1-3 in district) shot 38 percent from the field in the game. But, Vandebilt (13-13, 1-3) hit only 29 percent (10-of-34) of its shots from the field including 3-for-14 from beyond the 3-point line.
Brave guard Kyle Butler was in Voisin's face for most of the game. Voisin, who averaged 26 points in the last two league games, was held to four points and no field goals after the first quarter.
"We'll see things like that the rest of the year," said VCHS coach Scott Gauthreaux. "We need other guys to step up and hit shots."
HLB, which played all but two seconds of the first quarter without starting forward Broderick Collins, found itself tied with Vandebilt, 5-5, after one quarter of play largely due to the fact that the Terriers employed a stall offense down 2-0 and twice while being tied with the Braves.
With Collins in during the second quarter, Aaron Scott benefited by scoring nine of his game-high 17 points. For the game, Collins, who did not start because of disciplinary reasons, finished with 10 points and 10 rebounds. Beau Bergeron led VCHS with 10 points.
Scott's jumper a minute into the second quarter gave HLB a 7-5 lead it would never lose.
After Vandebilt's lone field goal of the second period --- a Bergeron base-line jumper with 4:35 left --- the Braves scored the final seven points of the half on a Ryan Celestine jumper, two dunks by Scott and a free throw by Collins.
HLB increased its lead to 25-13 heading into the fourth quarter. In the final period, the Terriers hit 5-of-16 field goals, and 2-of-8 from 3-point range.
"A couple 3-pointers here and there and it could have gone one way or the other," said HLB coach Gene Simmons, whose team ended a three-game losing streak.
VCHS closed the gap to 25-20 by scoring seven consective points on two buckets from Justin Jones and a 3-pointer from Bobby Cox.
But, for the next five minutes the Terriers would not score hit a field goal, while HLB would score 10 points and increase its lead to 35-25.
Vandebilt decided to start fouling with 1:26 left. The Braves converted 6-of-12 free-throws after that point.
"We've played good for a game and a half," Simmons said. "We held Vandebilt to 28 points and Terrebonne to 17 points in the second half Tuesday. That's an excellent job of defense. On offense, we did what we had to do."
The Braves were without the services of starting forward Charles Phillips, who quit after the 52-51 loss to Terrebonne on Tuesday. Phillips was the team's second leading scorer in district by averaging 15 points per contest.
Vandebilt, which is still without starting guard Beaux Duhe because of an injury, has dropped four of its last five games.
Assumption 74, Morgan City 38 (boys)
At Napoleonville, the No. 8 Mustangs (21-5 overall, 4-0 in District 9-4A) got 17 points from Darrell Owens, 12 from Tramon Williams and 10 each from Sterling Robinson and Brandon Jacobs.
Morgan City's record fell to 1-19 and 0-4.
Hahnville 41, South Terrebonne 26 (girls)
At Bourg, the Lady Gators (3-18 overall, 1-7 in District 7-5A) cut the lead to 10 points in the third quarter, but could not upset Hahnville (14-10, 6-3).
Meavale Uelegitone led STHS with nine points. Aleesha Diggs added eight points.
Hahnville 72, South Terrebonne 38 (boys)
At Bourg, the Gators fell to 2-22 overall and 0-7 in District 7-5A.
STHS got 14 points from Darnell Dunmiles. Hahnville (23-5, 6-1) was led offensively by Nicholas Cannon (19 points), Dawan Landry (16 points) and Harold Comminie (12 points).
Destrehan 64, South Lafourche 41 (boys)
At Galliano, the Tarpons lost their third consecutive game.
SLHS (13-12 overall, 4-3 in District 7-5A) was led by Colby O'Quin's eight points. Chris Bruce had seven points.
Mark Stewart led Destrehan (15-11, 5-2) with 25 points. Lionel Turner added 18 for the Tigers, who led 13-10 after one quarter and 31-19 at the half.
Destrehan 49, South Lafourche 31 (girls)
At Galliano, the Lady Wildcats (22-7 overall, 6-2 in District 7-5A) outscored SLHS (12-9, 4-5) 18-5 in the final period.
Raine Terrebonne's eight points led South Lafourche, which was outrebounded 42-16.
Ashley Sentimore led DHS with 18 points.
Donaldsonville 63, E.D. White 50 (girls)
At Donaldsonville, the Lady Cardinals sufferd their first District 9-3A loss of the season.
EDW (16-9 overall, 4-1 in district) got 13 points from Alexis Morvant, but the Lady Tigers (12-14, 4-1) hit 36-of-46 free throws in the game. The Lady Cardinals were 4-for-14 from the free-throw line.
April Arceneaux of E.D. White was taken to the hospital after being hit by a knee just above her hip.
Donaldsonville was led by Rhonda Joseph's 20 points.
Donaldsonville 58, E.D. White 34 (boys)
At Donaldsonville, the Tigers got their first District 9-3A win of the season.
DHS (13-14 overall, 1-2 in league play) used an 18-4 run in the third quartrer to distance itself from EDW, which trailed 17-13 at the half.
The Cardinals were led by Gabe Garrett's 15 points. Shandell Joseph scored 25 points for the Tigers.


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Frizzy haired phenom Chaley Rose made her screen debut on the Charlie Sheen series Anger Management in 2013, and she's shot into the stratosphere from there! This luscious light-skinned seductress lit up our screens no fewer than four times that same year, especially after landing a recurring role as Zoey Dalton on the hit ABC country music series Nashville. Chaley's cheeky chesticles stayed covered up during a scintillating scene on episode 28 titled "She's Got You," but she her electric...Join Mr. Skin for the full bio >>
Nashville (2012-2015) - as Zoey Dalton


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January 23, 2012 by staff
Womens Plus Size Dresses, Apparel retailers in India are turning their attention to the plus-size segment and are introducing more designs and sizes to cater to the growing demand for extra-large clothes.
Plus-size clothing is meant for overweight people, who generally have waistlines over 36 inches.
In some metro cities, it is estimated that around 30 percent of customers are on the lookout for plus-size clothing. These shoppers want clothes that would make them look and feel good.
Delhi-based Biba Apparels Pvt. Ltd, which retails traditional salwar-kameez for women, was among the pioneers to offer a plus-size category for its customers.
Speaking to fibre2fashion, Mr. Siddhartha Bindra, Managing Director of Biba, said, "We have been in the plus-size category for more than 15 years. We already have a loyal customer base and around 10 percent of our sales come from the larger size clients. Our business in this segment is growing at about 35-40 percent."
Price-wise, however, these clothes are a little costlier. Mr. Bindra informs, "We charge around 5-10 percent extra for the larger sizes because of the material used and cost of production, viz. fabric, embroidery, embellishments, etc., which increase the costs substantially."
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If you read any of the Sherlock Holmes' stories or even seen any of the movies, you have most likely heard of the Mind Palace. This technique stands for organizing and sorting information in your own brain so that you do not forget anything. The trick is to imagine sorting out the information just like in the library catalogues, or in computer files, or anything that seems familiar to you. When new information comes in you assign it to the proper category and place and try to memorize it. When your brain will be trying to find some information, you will be able to find anything you want. Well, at least Sherlock Holmes was. This technique is not an easy one to use, especially by beginners. We've collected a list of 4 simple steps that will help you improve your memory and find the best system for you.
1. Break the information
If you need to remember a long sequence of numbers, like the bank account number, or the telephone number, it is much easier to break it down into groups of 2-4 digits. If it is easier for you to remember groups of 3 numbers, learn to break down any sequence into these groups.
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There is a particular order in narratives that might help you a great deal if you learn to use it wisely. Your brain knows how the story works, so you can record new information over the story that will help you remember it bit by bit. You can use an old story that you know by heart or create a new one by using associations with the information you have to remember.


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July 2010 Issue
The Federal Circuit Says
Patentees may violate the rule against recapture by claiming subject matter in a reissue patent that was surrendered during the prosecution of a related patent application. In MBO Laboratories, Inc. v. Becton, Dickinson & Co., No. 2008-1288 (Fed. Cir. Apr. 12, 2010), the Federal Circuit found that certain claims of U.S. Reissue Patent No. 36,885 (the '885 reissue patent), owned by MBO Laboratories, Inc. (MBO), were invalid for recapturing previously surrendered subject matter.
The technology of the '885 reissue patent related to a design for a hypodermic safety syringe. The design protected against needle-stick injuries by slidably retracting a contaminated needle into a fixed protective guard after the needle is removed from a patient.
The '885 reissue patent is a reissue of U.S. Patent No. 5,755,699 (the '699 patent), which is part of a larger U.S. patent family. During prosecution of related family members, MBO made numerous assertions to overcome prior art rejections. In particular, the Court found that MBO overcame art rejections in one related patent by asserting that "[a] chief feature of [the] invention, inter alia, is . . . the safe retraction of the needle or cannula . . . into the tubular member . . . ." Slip op. at 4-5. The Court then found that MBO overcame prior art rejections during prosecution of another related patent by explaining that the applied reference disclosed a "needle . . . fixed to and extending from a conventional syringe barrel . . . . The needle is not slidably received in the barrel." Id. at 5. The Court also found that MBO, in a parent application, once again distinguished the applied references by explaining that its needle is slidable into the disclosed guard body. Despite these assertions, MBO sought to reissue the '699 patent, alleging that it was entitled to claim a system having "'any relative movement between the needle and the body,' not just a 'system wherein the needle must be bodily moved toward the safety device.'" Id. at 7.
On appeal, the Federal Circuit affirmed the lower court's finding that certain claims of the '885 reissue patent violated the rule against recapture. The Court found that MBO was not entitled to claim all relative movement between the needle and guard body, as this subject matter was specifically surrendered during prosecution. Indeed, the Court noted that substantial evidence supported the lower court's finding of MBO clearly surrendering the rights to claim a guard body that moved relative to a fixed needle.
To support its holding, the Federal Circuit reasoned that the rule against recapture only entitles a patentee to a reissue patent for broader claims when the patentee claimed less than he/she had a right to claim in the patent through error without any deceptive intent, not through deliberate amendments or arguments designed to procure allowance of claims. In the present case, the Court found that MBO had previously attempted to claim relative movement between a needle and an associated guard body in a related application. The Court also found that MBO had deliberately surrendered this subject matter in an effort to overcome prior art rejections. Thus, the Court concluded that deliberate surrender of subject matter is not an error of the kind that will justify the granting of a reissue patent drawn to the surrendered subject matter. Id. at 11.
Furthermore, the Federal Circuit clarified that "a patentee may violate the rule against recapture by claiming subject matter in a reissue patent that the patentee surrendered while prosecuting a related application." Id. at 16. Citing to similar policy goals governing the doctrine of prosecution history estoppel, the Court reasoned that equity requires a review of a patent family's entire prosecution history in order to prevent patentees from encroaching back into territory previously dedicated to the public. Id. at 20.
To avoid inadvertently drafting claims that may be invalidated for violating the rule against recapture, applicants for reissue patents should review the prosecution histories of the entire patent family to ensure that the proposed reissue claims do not claim previously surrendered subject matter. Applicants should pay particular attention to the amendments and arguments submitted to overcome prior art rejections.


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Commanding a memorable location on the waterfront only 100 metres from Paihia wharf, near the township and close to the main attractions. Kingsgate Hotel Autolodge Paihia offers views across the Bay's brilliant blue green sea to famous Russell. This welcoming Paihia hotel is an ideal base from which to explore the scenic and historic Bay of Islands. As well as a great location, the hotel has exceptional levels of comfort and service.
The hotel has 100 guest rooms, 12 one-bedroom suites and one two-bedroom suite. The suites are equipped with kitchenette, private lounge and separate bedroom; guest rooms offer twin, double and family options with inter-connecting and non-smoking rooms available.
Facilities include restaurant and bar, swimming pool, hot tub, gymnasium and games room. All rooms and suites are air-conditioned and include Sky TV. Reef Restaurant located on the first floor, has fabulous views over the water.
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