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Relative Ontology and Science
- Frank Bates
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1 ISSN: Ontology Studies / Cuadernos de Ontología 12, Relative Ontology and Science St.Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies Abstract Ontology is a knowledge about world as a whole. Union of ontology and science put some limitations on ontology, that are caused by need to co-ordinate language of science with language of ontology. Main characteristic features of science are logic and mathematics. Union of ontology and science could be successful only if ontology will have the same features. These requirements meets relative ontology based on a assumption that being is possible only through act of inequality, and non-being through act of equality. Examining of inequality structure leads us to a need of considering in being act of equality as well. As a result we should refuse of considering problems of Being Non-Being separately and proceed to united problem of Being Non-Being. Inequality can be represented by mathematical subtraction. That allows to substantiate ontologically basic mathematical concepts: concepts of set and number. Mathematics become a part of ontology. Inequality is an idea. Equality is a matter. Being is a unity of matter and idea. Change of being can be fulfilled in two ways material and ideal. Relation between both ways of change gives us three basic kind of being: somatic, anthropological and theological. In somatic being change is realized by means of material way. In anthropological being both material and ideal ways are equally available. Theological being uses ideal way of change. Development of world proceeds from somatic through anthropological to theological one. Keywords: ontology, relative ontology, categories, being. Resumen. Onotlogía relativa y ciencia. La ontología es un conocimiento acerca del mundo como un todo. La unión de la ontología y de la ciencia pone algunas limitaciones a la ontología, que son causadas por la necesidad de coordinar el lenguaje de la ciencia con el lenguaje de la ontología. Las principales características de la ciencia son la lógica y las matemáticas. La unión de la ontología y de la ciencia podría tener éxito sólo si la ontología tuviese las mismas características. Estas condiciones se dan en una ontología relativa basada en la idea de que estar solo es posible a través de un acto de desigualdad, y no-ser a través de un acto de igualdad. El examen de la estructura de la desigualdad nos lleva a la necesidad de considerar también el ser acto de la igualdad. Como resultado de ello debemos rechazar la consideración de los problemas de ser-no-ser separado y proceder al problema de la unión de ser-no-ser. La desigualdad se puede representar por resta matemática. Esto permite fundamentar los conceptos matemáticos básicos: ontológicamente conceptos de conjunto y el número. Palabras clave: ontología, ontología relativa, categorías, ser.
2 240 Ontology Studies 12, 2012 When we speak about ontology of science, it turns out that term ontology is less definite than term science. In XX cent. term ontology turned out to be as diffused as term philosophy. In the article by ontology we mean a knowledge about world as a whole. A starting point of such knowledge is the problem of Being of beings. While each positive science is a knowledge concerning some region of the universe, ontology is a knowledge about world as a whole. That is the main difference between ontology and science. Yet speaking of indefiniteness in understanding of ontology we primarily mean its indefiniteness in content. Throughout the history of philosophy various doctrines of the world as a whole were elaborated. In this connection there arise a problem of some ontological doctrine selection. In science such selection is made upon the basis of experiment, yet in ontology this is impossible. Selection of ontology may be realized not only by means of verification principle but on basis of problem of correspondence between content of ontology and its primordial functions as well. In order to stay within frameworks of Ontology and Science theme we should look for ontology co-ordinated with science. In this situation it is science that set requirements ontology must conform. The main requirement is derived from aim set at the union of ontology and science. In the perspective of science, ontology due to its scale and consistency may exercise following functions: first, integrate different positive sciences; second, within frameworks of ontology also due to its scale, it is possible to reconsider both foundations of scientific knowledge as a whole and foundations of some specific sciences. So ontology should conform the assigned task. In this perspective the common language field of ontology and science gets an enormous importance. So the next requirement to ontology concerns the form of ontology language. As it is known the basis of syntax in scientific language is constituted by formal logic. We may put more exacting requirements to language in connection with a well-known statement that each knowledge may be called science to an extent it may be put on a language of mathematics. Rephrasing this statement we may put the following requirement to ontology that works for a union with science. Such a union will be effective only to the extent the ontology is connected with mathematics. Suggested requirements to ontology in the perspective of science do not mean submission of former to science. The substance of the suggested requirements may and even should be reconsidered by ontology itself. That is why eventually these requirements turn to be internal ones of ontology within itself. As for science, ontology is merely an initiator of these requirements. For instance, the requirement concerning logical form of ontology language means that foundations of logic should be reconsidered within ontology. The urgency of such
3 Relative Ontology and Science Ontology Studies 12, study is caused by the fact that modern logic is incapable to cope with vital needs of language formalization. The result of considering the foundations of logic do not suppose that logic itself remain unchanged. It may change radically. Possible innovations in logic would be a contribution we may expect from the union of ontology and science. In such situation instead of requirement for adaptation of logic of ontology to logic of science requirement of mutual coordination between logic of ontology and one of science is proposed. The same situation may be expected from the requirement of mathematicity of ontology. We should reconsider the foundations of mathematics within ontology. This problem became urgent as a separate theme The Ontology of Mathematics. Last time such a consideration was made in the end of XIX beginning of XX cent. Heavy growth of mathematics during last century demands a new reconsideration of the foundations of mathematics. As an indication of crisis in mathematics may be considered its over-complification leading not only to the gap between mathematics and a task of different regions of the world description, but also to insurmountable differentiation within mathematics itself. Mathematicians working with some specific mathematical discipline can hardly understand colleagues working in neighboring specific discipline. Complification in mathematics is accompanied with very modest achievements in reflecting some substantial aspects of non-physical regions of the world. Mathematics here study only problems that have principal similarity to some physical issues. Possibly, comlification of mathematics is a result of some specific statements steal in its foundations that prevent from successful work in the regions of the world where such specific character is absent. Revision of the foundations of mathematics will allow to detect such nonlegitimate foundations. We suppose to realize theme The Ontology and Mathematics in some other way compared with proposed by Alain Badiou. If Badiou uses modern mathematical apparatus for explication of statements of ontology i.e. goes from mathematics to ontology we propose quite opposite relations between ontology and mathematics. We have not any grounds to entrust to ontological foundations on which modern mathematics based. We propose a way from ontology to mathematics. So requirement of mathematicity of ontology, as well as in case of logic, is a requirement of mutual correspondence between mathematical foundations, elaborated within ontology, and foundations of contemporary mathematics. That is why the requirement of mathematicity of ontology is mutually co-ordinated one directed both to science and ontology as well. Mentioned above requirements are valid for relative ontology based on a statement that Being of beings is possible as Being of specific beings. And vice verse if Being is not specified, then it is actually not present (Non-Being). Indeed, every specific being we
4 242 Ontology Studies 12, 2012 interact has some definiteness. For instance, we see every specific rose having its color (for instance, red). That is why we consider the seen rose to be present, i.e. assign it a status of being. And vice verse, it is impossible to see rose that has no color at all, i.e. has no distinctive features. Hence it is clear that we consider unseen rose to be non-present, i.e. assign it status of non-being. The same think-train is valid not only for sense perception, but for perception of mind as well. When someone tries to explain a new concept to someone else, he makes it by indicating specific features of the concept initially unknown to the later. Specific features of concept are nothing else but its definiteness. The statement of Being as definiteness is valid not only for interaction of human with any other being, but in case of his absence as well. So a rose interacts with a wind that has some distinctive features such as its velocity, temperature, humidity, chemistry, and atmospheric pressure. That is why the only wind presented (Being) for the rose is the one having some distinctive features. And vice verse, the wind having no distinctive feature is not presented (Non- Being). Next statement of relative ontology is that any definiteness is possible only through an act of distinction. That is why Being is also possible only as an act of distinction. And vice verse, Non-Being is realized though non-distinction, i.e. equality (identity). Red rose exists (Being) only because it differs for instance from green grass growing around bush of roses, or differs from blue color of wall papers in the room where it is located. And vice verse, red rose does not exist (Non-Being) on a background of just the same red color. Distinction as a necessary criterion of Being also have a place in the region of thought. For instance, concept of red exist (Being) only if there is at least any other concept from which it may be distinct, for example, concept of green or blue. Any distinction of the being is a result of its comparison with other being. Hence, Being of one being always suppose Being of another one. That means that problem of Being of beings is always a problem of co-existance (co-being) of several beings, i.e. problem of Being is always a problem of co-being. The result of situation is impossibility of Being for any absolutely separate being. Following our example, the necessary condition of red rose existence (Being) is the existence (Being) of, for instance, green grass or blue wall-papers. Hence if there do not exist (Non-Being) beings with a color distinct from red, then there do not exist (Non-Being) red rose itself. The same is valid for thinking. If there do not exist (Non-Being) other concept of the color except red, there do not exist (Non-Being) concept of red itself. In act of comparison there always supposed a basis of comparison (basis of relation), that is a common feature for members of the act. Analyzing being of red rose we take into consideration its property of color. That is why any conclusion made is valid only in relation to its color. Besides property of color red rose also has such property as a form of a flower. On this basis we may differ it from, for instance, camomile. In this case its status of existence (Being) is provided by the form, not by the color.
5 Relative Ontology and Science Ontology Studies 12, The basis of relation is a common feature for both related beings (carriers of relation). Yet such commonness is nothing else but a non-distinction, i.e. equality (identity), that is Non-Being. Hence we proceed from distinction as Being to non-distinction as Non- Being. This situation compels us to refuse considering Being and Non-Being as a separate problems and to proceed to a united problem of Being Non-Being. As far as we marked out non-distinction as a separate concept a basis for relation, we need a specific concept for distinction, that is a result of relation. By relation itself we understand a totality within which takes place act of distinction. The most proper form for act of comparison (distinction) explication is a relative proposition. Per se relative proposition is a logical form for expressing main ontological principle of Being Non-Being. In such a case logic based on relative propositions becomes not only a notion about forms of thinking, but a notion of Being Non-Being as well, i.e. logic becomes a part of ontology. In this logic every attributive proposition is a specific form of relative proposition, i.e. formal logic (Aristotelian) in whole could be explicated as logic of relations. Now let us demonstrate this statement. Traditional form to put a relative proposition is the following: arb. (1) Yet here a basis of relation is not taken into consideration. We can easily correct the obstacle, if we put relative proposition in following way:. (2), where besides carriers of relation (, ), a basis of relation (m) is taken into consideration as well. This relative proposition should be taken as an expression for distinction of terms of proposition by basis. If all non-distinctness is collected in basis of relation, then in (result of relation) we have momentum of distinction of proposition terms, i.e. is the point to differ one proposition from another. Efforts of logicians to expand facilities of reasoning with relative propositions were not, on my opinion, successful enough. Seemingly, it was connected with representation of relative proposition in a form arb. Ontological substantiation of relative proposition by means of distinction helps us to introduce other form for relative proposition. We may represent distinction as a subtraction. Adopting this operation from mathematics and filling it with ontological and logical meaning, we may put relative proposition in the following form: =. (3) Now let me demonstrate that any attributive proposition: «S P» (4) is a cancellation of set of relative propositions
6 244 Ontology Studies 12, 2012 «1 = ( 1)», «2 = ( 2)», «3 = ( 3)», (5). «n = ( n)» with a same result of relation = ( 1) = ( 2) = ( 3) = = ( n), (6) where remains the same term of each relative proposition and all others are omitted. Here P from (4) is the same as in (6), and S from (4) the same as a in (5). For example, suppose following relations given: a coin (a) by reflected light (s shining) shines more ( s ( 1) ) than a book cover (b1), a coin (a) on reflected light (s) shines more ( s ( 2) ), than a flowerpot (b2), a coin (a) by reflected light (s) shines more ( s ( 3) ), than a granite (b3). In attributive form this totality is presented as: a coin (a) shines more s = s ( 1) = s ( 2) = s ( 3) ) by reflected light (s). Let a coin be a member of some other set of relations. For example, a coin (a) in case of mechanical shock (m malleable ) more easily change its form ( ( 1) ), than a book cover (b1), a coin (a) in case of mechanical shock (m) more easily change its form ( ( 2) ), than a flowerpot (b2), a coin (a) in case of mechanical shock (m) more easily change its form ( ( 3) ), than a granite (b3). In attributive form this set is presented as follows: a coin (a) can be easily processed ( = ( 1) = ( 2) = ( 3) ) by means of mechanical shock (m). Let there exist other set with a participation of a coin (a) -- separately for such bases as compactness (c compact), heat capacity (h heat), fusion temperature (t -- temperature). In attributive form they are presented as follows: a coin is more compact, a coin has a greater heat capacity, a coin has a greater fusion temperature.
7 Relative Ontology and Science Ontology Studies 12, Imagine ourselves that derived predicates, obtained as a result of relation together with its basis (shining «s», easy mechanical processing by means of shock, higher compactness «c», greater heat capacity «h», higher fusion temperature «t») indicate some totality that becomes denotatum for a concept of metal (R). Here R is a set of elements «s»,, «c», «h», «t» and on elements «s», «m», «c», «h», «t» set «C» is formed. Then whole set of derived attributive propositions may be represented by one attributive proposition: a coin (a) is a metal (R), that has the same form as (1). In relative ontology expressing of relative proposition as a subtraction can be used for representation of Being and Non-Being. Indeed, if the result of subtraction is not equal to zero ( = 0), it means differentiation between terms of subtraction, i.e. such a result is a mathematical expression for Being in relation to. If the result is equal to zero ( = = 0), it means absence of differentiation between terms of comparison and hence this is a mathematical expression for Non-Being principle in relation to. In logic reduction of every proposition to subtraction operation allows reduction of every reasoning to subtraction operation. For all that we speak not about mathematical logic, but about representation of whole logic in whole as mathematics. The record of a relation proposition in the form (3) allows to make logical and due to this an ontological substantiation of mathematical concept of relative set. Let for one term in relation (3) (for instance, for ) there exist other relations with some other terms on the same basis, i.e.: = ; = ; (7) =. Suppose that in all results of these relations included terms are distinct. If we look aside specific content of the results and fix only the fact of distinction (denoted passim as ), these results are indistinguishable. So all relations (7) have the following form: ; ; (8). Condition (8) define a set of beings distinct from each other on the same basis. This condition is a description of relative set concept, where only the fact of distinction is stated.
8 246 Ontology Studies 12, 2012 The concept of relative set is not the same thing as in the set theory. For instance, compared with traditional set theory in relative set concept significance of empty set is lower, infinite sets are excluded. Advantage of relative set application is not only due to logical, but to ontological substantiation as well, whereas traditional set theory is substantiated only logically. Expression of relative proposition in the form (3) allows logical and due to this ontological substantiation of mathematical concept of relative elementary number. Let there are following relations: m b = m ba ; m s m b = m sb ; (9) m d m s = m ds ; m e m d = m ed. Common feature of all of relations (9) is that some of character belonging to one term of relation do not belong to another. Then all results of relations (9) are just the same, i.e.: m ba = m sb = m ds = m ed = r. (10) Then (9) can be put in following: m b = r; m s m b = r; (11) m d m s = r; m e m d = r. In each particular relation basis is realized specifically, but all such specificity is represented in carriers of relation. Concept of basis include only features common to all particular objects in (9). Then all specifics of objects in (9) represented in corresponding carriers of relations (a, b, s, d, e carriers of relation correspondingly for «a», «b», «c», «d», «e»). As an example of such relations can be mentioned relations of vertical extension of segments. From (11) we can easily get relation of «b», «c», «d», «e» with «a»: m b = r; m s = r + r; (12) m d = r + r + r; m e = r + r + r + r. Each of the results of these relations is a definition for relative elementary numbers:
9 Relative Ontology and Science Ontology Studies 12, r «1»; r + r «2»; (13) r + r + r «3»; r + r + r + r «4». Negative values of these numbers signify correspondingly: «r» «1» (less); «r r» «2»; «r r r» «3»; «r r r r» «4». Assume (12) with a consideration (13): m b = 1; m s = 2; (14) m d = 3; m e = 4. In view of universal character (for 12), «ma» (denoted as etalon ) can be omitted. Let for some reasons (ontological or pragmatic) we have instead of (3) =. (15) It means indiscrimination of in (3). The meaning of indiscrimination is in its interchangeability on basis «m». Such relations can be expressed by means of relative zero concept: = 0. (16) As it was mentioned above, indiscrimination ontologically signifies Non-Being of one being in its relation to another one, i.e. Non-Being is relative. Only if there would be no other being distinct from the former, such Non-Being would be absolute. Relative number concept is not the same thing as concept of number in traditional mathematics. This is caused primarily by the fact that relative numbers are connected with a relation basis (m) out of which they were derived. Whereas numbers in traditional mathematics in this perspective are totally deprived of individuality. To some extent this position is a return to J.Mill s point of view and a refutation of its criticism by G.Frege. It is well-known that afterwards prevailed exactly the position of G.Frege. Reference to J.Mill s
10 248 Ontology Studies 12, 2012 position is urgent not in itself but because of new perspectives opened in connection with logic of relations, based on presenting relative proposition according to form (3). More than that, such a presenting allows to reconcile both positions. For that purpose we must take a set with infinite number of elements where the following rule is valid: for each result of relation between two terms taken at random, there always exist such a third term, that differs from result of relation between two formers in such a way, that this result posses some features that third term does not posses. In this case relative elementary numbers transform into infinite number series. Operating with relative numbers is to a great extent determined by basis of relation and its carriers. Their common and invariable feature is ontological and logical substantiation demonstrated above. For each relative set operations with relative numbers may be different. Yet the lack of universality turns out to be an advantage because of avoiding a lot of paradoxes and nonsense connected with numbers in traditional mathematics. For instance, in school sum on three diggers who dig two pits, the task is: calculate how much diggers are needed to dig a one pit? The answer in traditional mathematics is one and a half. Yet it is nonsense, there cannot be one and a half man. In relative mathematics such situation is impossible because there is no concept of infinitely large or infinitely small. In that perspective relative mathematics always has a quantum character in full accordance with human experience. Indeed, accurate calculations are often excessive for in practical needs we are always limited with practical error that have a quantum character. Mathematical representation of relative ontology gives it a close relation to sciences, that use a mathematical language. In that case mathematics turns out to be the only method of presentation for statements of ontology and science. As an example of relative ontology efficacy in informational sciences can be mentioned exact formulating of the information concept as a result of relation. Besides, mathematical part of relative ontology allows to formalize such an important concept as meaning (content) of information that in turn makes possible some sort of ordering in various IT databases. This makes easier use of all aspects of information, for instance, a transition from seek of information to based on meaning calculations. Definiteness as a result of distinction (result of relation) is nothing else than an ideal (eidos, image, idea, form, quantity). Basis of distinction (basis of relation) together with carrier of relation is a material (matter, property, quality). As far as the necessary condition of Being Non-Being is both discrimination and indiscrimination, being is a unity of both sides, unity of material and ideal. Hitherto we examine only one method of description of distinction, i.e. distinction as relation. In this method static side of being is presented. Its dynamic side is presented in another way of distinction s description, i.e. distinction as interaction. At present proximity of meaning of interaction and relation concepts is obvious. There is one common feature: each of them presuppose in its content presence of at least two members. Interaction is
11 Relative Ontology and Science Ontology Studies 12, often called a relation of cause and effect. That is why while constituting content of category of interaction it makes sense to base on the same postulate as in case of substantiation of relation as a necessary condition of Being. Discrepancy of categories relation and interaction content starts from such structural concept as carrier of relation. Relation category supposes that carriers of relation (, ) are discriminated (in other relations) from each other. Yet we may assume a variant when bases are equal. It means that terms of distinction are similar in each feature except dimension, and that is why may be considered (in relative meaning, not absolute) to be the same being undergoing some changes (indeed, just these changes do not allow existence of absolutely singular being), i.e. is differentiated from itself. In everyday speech we may say from itself implying that it and self are just the same. In relative ontology such expressions have no sense. So, distinction where carriers of relation coincide, is called change. Seemingly, we may put it in symbolic form as following: = = 0, (17) where a short notation for change of a, in whose content carrier is included. The problem of such expression is, that if, standing to the left from symbol, and, standing to the right are just the same, we must accept = 0 (18), that means absence of distinction. In order to avoid such difficulties we will use slightly different form of notation for change, using upper index: e b = = 0, (19) where b initial state of being, who s carrier is, on basis «m»; e final state of being, who s carrier is, on basis «m». At the same time we must take into consideration that distinction between initial state and final state of some thing is not a determining momentum for distinction (as a result of relation) for a given change ( ). It is impossible to specify logically genus for distinction, i.e. in any definition distinction there will always be a determining concept. In given case (19) distinction is a determining concept for determinate terms. Here it is just distinction that determinates what is final state and what is initial state for any thing, and not vice verse, as it may seem due to language structures. In such situation it is always necessary to remember that language of ontology is based mainly on everyday language, yet later is not fit to exact representing of non-everyday situations. In everyday reality we are convinced that always can specify a conditionality of any appearance. Therefore language cannot express situation of total unconditionality, except by means of additional stipulations. In everyday speech it is possible to say: a distinction from one another. Yet by saying one and another we have already introduced a distinction. In everyday reality we suppose that there are some one and another as such, we can discriminate. It is all clear on a level of everyday experience. Yet situation becomes more difficult if we assume that there are no any one or another, but distinction is a necessary
12 250 Ontology Studies 12, 2012 condition of their existence. These predicaments are the language predicaments built as a conceptual one. Then for appropriate expression of relation situations we need a language based on relative propositions. As far as we have now two ways of distinction, we need to differentiate them terminologically. For this purpose we will use terms static distinction and dynamic distinction. Static distinction is such a distinction, that appears in situation of carriers of relation distinction in case of it (distinction) realization on another relation(s). Dynamic distinction (or changing ) is such a distinction, that appears in situation of carriers of relation non-distinction. Accordingly (in case we talk just of dynamic relation or just of static relation) there modify structural elements of relation designations; for instance, in case of dynamic relation (or changing) instead of term carrier of relation should be used term carrier of dynamic relation (or carrier of changing ) and etc. For example, to clarify structural elements of interaction, let us take situation of two changes. First one is a change of being as a consequence, that is a specific dynamic relation. Let s designate its structural elements as following: carrier of a consequence», basis of a consequence «m», a result of consequence. At that corresponding being (we will call it being-consequence and designate as b ) proceeds from its initial state «b» to its final state «e», i.e. consequence may be put as e b = 0. (20) For instance, in process of punching consequence is a change of geometrical form of billet. Then being-consequence b, who s change is a consequence, may be, for example, aluminum plate, out of which in a process of punching a spoon is made. In that case carrier of consequence has all characters of aluminum plate of billet except its geometrical form, that is a basis of consequence m. initial state of being b is a plain form of aluminum plate «b», and its final state is a bent surface of the same aluminum plate after punching «e». Discrimination of these states gives us a geometrical form that is an image of consequence, that we call a form of a spoon. Second is a change of being, a cause, that is a specific dynamic relation. Let us designate its structural elements as following: carrier of a cause, basis of a cause «f», result of a cause «f». At that corresponding being -- designate it as a pass from its initial state «f b» to its final state «f e», i.e. a cause can be put as following: f e f b = f 0. (21) In our example with punching a cause is a change of a model-punch location, that is a being-cause a, and basis of cause f may be, for instance, a height of a model-punch location over a billet. Then all other features of a model-punch will belong to a carrier of a cause. Let the location of a model-punch over a billet equal to h 1 corresponds to initial state of being-cause («f b») and to its final state («f e»,) location h 2. The difference between these two locations is a result of cause («f»).
13 Relative Ontology and Science Ontology Studies 12, Presence of two changes in interaction change as a cause ( f ) and change as a consequence ( ) realized on different bases ( f), allows to interpret interaction as a combination of these changes: f. (22) Here interaction is designated by distinction put as a subtraction. In my opinion such form of ontological category of interaction s presentation promotes to a great extent a coordination of language of ontology with one of mathematics. A change of being is a change in its definiteness. Due to double-sidedness of being, theoretically speaking three ways of changing are possible. First way is a material one when a cause of change is situated within a sphere of being undergoing material changing. For instance, a cause of change in definiteness of physical body volume is a change of its temperature. A cause of given material body change lies within the sphere of other material body, and a cause of that body change in turn lies within a sphere of third body and so on. Ontological school that stands for only material way of change in philosophy is called a materialism. Second way an ideal one, when a cause of given being s change lies directly (i.e. without a material mediation) within ideal sphere of another changing being. Essence of this way of change is that definiteness of one being tends (in physics such tendention is designated by concepts of power, intensity, energy) to change (on the same basis of relation) another being s definiteness. Simple example of that kind is an act of thinking accompanied by human activity: one day there appeared an intension (a definiteness of second being a cause) to move a furniture in a room (location of furniture is a definiteness of first being). Realizing this forethought, we change a definiteness of first being. Surely, given change was realized by means of material mediation, but in such situation it is always a consequence, not a cause. There are some ontological doctrines expanding that sort of change on Being as a whole. An extreme example of such casual chain is a Divine Creation of the world, conceived as absolute ideal. This ontological school assuming only ideal way of changing, is conventionally called in philosophy an idealism. Ideological advantage of materialism is due to its well-accordance with a lot of phenomena in a field of natural sciences. Yet science can describe only a part of all variety of beings. Weakness of materialism is revealed in considering of beings possessing thinking. Situation of idealism is quite the opposite: it is successful and convincing in dealing with a region of the world connected with thinking and looses in region described by natural sciences. Such a regional opposition can be explained by the fact that none of these doctrines is ontologically universal, but is a sort of particular, regional knowledge. Our interpretation of materialism-idealism relation not only decreases mutual tension between them but shows the need for their co-completing as well. This task is realized in the third way of change of being: the same being undergoes both kinds of change material and ideal as well. Just various extent of inherited features
14 252 Ontology Studies 12, 2012 allows us to proceed from materialism-idealism opposition to their co-completing. This can be made due to the fact that relation between material and ideal ways of changing reveals three main kinds of being. First one somatic being, for which change is fulfilled primarily in material way. That kind of being is described by natural sciences. Second kind anthropological being, for which both material and ideal ways of changing are equally available. That is a kind of being endowed with thinking. Human is only a one sort of such anthropological being. Third kind theological one, that uses primarily ideal way of changing. Beside these three kinds of being there are some others, having various degree of material/ideal ratio. Development of the world proceeds from somatic through anthropological to theological being. Thus relative ontology is based on clear and obvious statement of being as a distinction. Such approach allows to represent being as a material-ideal unity, give it an onto-mathematical substantiation and opens new possibilities for a union of ontology and science. Dualistic substance of being surmounts materialism/idealism opposition due to a need of their co-completing demonstration. As a result of such approach we discover three main kinds of being in its development, to wit: somatic, anthropological, and theological being. This succession of being s uncovering is the main tendency of global world development. Aknowledments I thank Alexander Govorunov for translation of this article.
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text:
LAS VEGAS (AP) Candid footage of Marilyn Monroe on the set of her last completed film brought in $60,000 at an auction of movie memorabilia Saturday.
The two reels of silent, 8-millimeter color film shot on the set of The Misfits had been expected to draw starting bids of between $10,000 and $20,000.
The auction also included the original disco ball from Saturday Night Fever and an original script of The Godfather signed by Marlon Brando. The sale was held by Julien's Auctions at Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino.
The 47-minute film, On the Set with The Misfits, was shot by film extra Stanley Floyd Kilarr. It features candid moments with Monroe and co-star Clark Gable, as well as Montgomery Clift, Thelma Ritter and director John Huston.
The film shows actors preparing for scenes, chatting with crewmembers and others on the set, and relaxing between takes.
The Misfits was the last completed film for both Monroe and Gable.
Gable had a fourth heart attack just after filming was finished and died Nov. 16, 1960, about two months before the movie's U.S. release. Monroe died Aug. 5, 1962.
Cathy and Rod McCormick, of Sparks, Nev., obtained the film canister from her father, Frank Hasy, Kilarr's uncle.
Items sold early Saturday included a suit worn by Elvis Presley in the film Viva Las Vegas, which drew a bid of $36,325. Alfred Hitchcock's driver's license sold for $8,000, and an original King Kong French film poster sold for $40,625, according to the auction officials.
Anna Nicole Smith's former boyfriend Larry Birkhead attended the auction and spent nearly $3,000 on lingerie once worn by the late Playboy playmate. Birkhead said he was picking up mementos for the couple's 1-year-old daughter, Dannielynn.
Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Butterick 4993; 1960s; Misses' One-Piece Dress. Semi-fitted A-line dress with soft front pleat has mock front opening with button-loop trim. Short sleeves or sleeveless. View B has contrast left front and left back.
Links to reviews/blog posts Edit
Sources/Vendors Edit
Gallery Edit
[insert your photos of this pattern made up]
Wishlist Edit
[insert your username, and make sure your preferences allow for people to contact you via e-mail. Do not list your email address here!]


text:
Product Spotlight
Featured Research
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A&P Assures Shareholders Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy Won't Hurt
The brokerage isn't a party to the grocer's indebtedness under its revolving credit agreement with Bank of America or its senior note obligations, the chain disclosed.
In an effort to calm some shareholder fears, the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., Inc. said this week that its balance sheet and liquidity were unaffected by the Sept. 15 bankruptcy filing of Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, including Lehman Europe.
The grocer pointed out that Lehman isn't a party to the A&P's indebtedness under its revolving credit agreement with Bank of America N.A. or its senior note obligations. Availability under the revolving credit agreement was about $160 million at the end of the second quarter ended Sept. 6, 2008 and there are no financial covenants under the A&P's loan agreements.
Additionally, Lehman Europe is party to a 3.2 million share lending agreement with the A&P entered into in relation to the grocer's convertible note financings in December 2007. However, A&P said that until it has further information on the bankruptcy proceedings involving Lehman and Lehman Europe and can properly assess whether Lehman Europe will be able to fulfill its obligation to return the borrowed shares, the grocer will continue to consider the shares outstanding for corporate law purposes only, and not for the purpose of computing and reporting per share results.
A&P operates 446 stores in eight states and the District of Columbia under A&P, Waldbaum's, Pathmark, Best Cellars, The Food Emporium, Super Foodmart, Super Fresh, and Food Basics banners.


text:
DNSdoctor is a tool based on zonecheck that is intended to help with solving misconfigurations and inconsistencies in DNS zone files. It features a powerful configuration file, does not depend on policies, fine grained test selection (by test, categories, or zones), full IPv6 support (connectivity and AAAA records), and several input/output interfaces (CLI, GUI, CGI, and a dedicated mode for use inside shell scripts). It uses threads to cut down checking time and can be extended with new tests, interfaces, and reports, and features exception and cache mechanisms to simplify test writing.
Unicornscan is an information gathering and correlation engine. It was designed to provide an engine that is scalable, accurate, flexible, and efficient. Unicornscan is an attempt at a user-land distributed TCP/IP stack. It is intended to provide a researcher with a superior interface for introducing a stimulus into and measuring a response from a TCP/IP enabled device or network.
asRep is a Perl/PHP script with a MySQL back-end for tracking and reporting the activity of Google AdSense ad units, which Webmasters publish, in real- time. It tracks up to 3 ad units per page. It reports the impressions, clicks, and CTR for publisher domains, directories, and pages, for the referrer domains and pages, for clicked ad URLs, for AdSense channels, for ad unit colors and formats, and for visitor IPs and countries. Log reports show the details of every impression and click. A report emailing feature is included to periodically receive the recent reports.
Bug-A-Boo is a bug reporting and tracking system that runs on any Web server that supports CGI. It helps you to keep an eye on bugs reported to you by users of your software products. It can handle any number of projects, users, and bug classifications, and is really flexible in their setup. It features fast fulltext search, query storage, themes, and bug watches. It uses the tdbengine as a database backend.
ZFolder2Product takes the contents of a Zope folder and creates a custom Zope Product, which then re-creates the entire folder contents when installed. The advantage of using ZFolder2Product over a normal Zope exportation is that the folder contents are saved in external files usable within a version control system like CVS. After re-importing the files, you can edit them using the Zope Management Interface and export them back to the filesystem.
PHP System Administration Toolkit is a toolkit/framework for the rapid development of system and network administration Web interfaces in PHP. It tries to take as much common work from the developer as possible, and provides object-oriented interfaces to many common services. It aims to make the applications built using it easily customizable, extensible, and maintainable.
Diskless Remote Boot in Linux (DRBL) provides a diskless or systemless environment for client machines. It works on Debian, Mandriva, Red Hat, Fedora, and SuSE. Unlike LTSP, it uses distributed hardware resources and makes it possible for clients to fully access local hardware. It also includes Clonezilla, a partitioning and disk cloning utility similar to Symantec Ghost.
A friendly task manager.
A flexible I/O tester/benchmarker.


text: RT Book, Whole DB /z-wcorg/ DS http://worldcat.org ID 70046062 LA English T1 The soldier's friend : a life of Ernie Pyle A1 Boomhower, Ray E.,, PB Indiana Historical Society Press PP Indianapolis YR 2006 SN 9780871952004 0871952009 AB During World War II, Ernie Pyle's column in newspapers across the country offered a foxhole view of the struggle as he reported on the life and death of the average soldier. When he died, Pyle's popularity and readership was worldwide. The Soldier's Friend: A Life of Ernie Pyle, a biography aimed at young readers, explores the reporter's legendary career from his days growing up in the small town of Dana, Indiana, to his life as a roving correspondent with the Scripps-Howard newspaper chain, to his growing fame as a columnist detailing the rigors of combat faced by the average G.I. during World War II. The book features numerous illustrations, samples of Pyle's World War II columns, a detailed bibliography of World War II sources, and an index.--Publisher description.


text: (っ*'ω'*c) is a single by AVTechNO! released by Karen-T. Released October 12, 2011 Producer AVTechNO! Price ¥150 Label KarenT Track list 1. (っ*'ω'*c) tearHatsune Miku Previous (っ´ω`c) Next初音ミク TEAR Retrieved from "http://vocaloid.wikia.com/wiki/(%E3%81%A3*%E2%80%99%CF%89%E2%80%99*c)?oldid=345802" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Albums Albums featuring Hatsune Miku Add category Cancel Save


text:
The 3rd Annual CEM and Customer Loyalty MENA Summit
Satisfied Delegates
Industry Speakers
Over 15
Experience Based Case Studies
We are looking forward to welcoming you
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Provide us with your contact details and our team will get back to you with all the updates regarding the upcoming edition of this event.
See the past Speakers and Case Studies
from Last Annual BELOW
SVP Presales & Customer Service
Vendor Operations Manager
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Saif Mohd.
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Traditional Customer Service journey mapping talks about "moments of truth". The points where an experience, good or bad, is defined for that customer – in that instance. Typically, a person is in the centre. Today, journeys are no longer linear and simple to map. Companies are no longer considered single sources of solutions. Someone else's experience may be your moment of truth. And throughout, Digital Assistance is becoming key in defining Customer Experience.
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text:
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by Shawna Cleary
(Indianapolis, Indiana)
Hi, my name is Shawna.
Okay , when i was 12 i lost my mom. Because i didnt have a good relationship with her it didnt affect as much as when my dad passed. My dad was diagnosed with brain and lung cancer in early december of 2012. Every day something new would happen, hed have another stroke, lose more memory, or the doctors would tell us some more horrifying news. My dad was pretty much, all i had. He was my everything. He was the dad that didnt have to be there, but did. Biologically i was not his daughter but mentally i was . On December 15th 2012 my father passed away, he had been in the hospital three weeks before he passed and it hurt so bad to see him go and it still does. As of right now im a senior in high school , and live with my boyfriend and his parents because i have no where else to go . Its amazing how in not even 3 full weeks i lost my house and my dad . 2012 was the hardest year of my life , i lost my grandma, my cousin, and my dad . I pretend to be such this strong person but i dont know how much longer i can keep this up, i feel like im ready to lose it . I mean, i have no one there to talk to or anything and i just dont know how long i can keep holding this in .If you have any advice email me at firstname.lastname@example.com
Comments for 19 and dang near completely alone.
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American Flyer 761 Semaphore & 706 RC Uncoupler - VG
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Toys, Dolls, Games & Puzzles
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: May 06, 2011
- Channel: Auction House
American Flyer Accessories - VG-- 761 Automatic semaphore. Tested. Works. Light OK. Wiring EX. -- 706 Remote control uncoupler with controller. Wiring EX. -- Track lock-on. THAT'S ALL FOLKS! , because there is a return policy for this auction. However, the buyer pays the cost of return shipping.
Shipping charge includes packaging, handling and USPS parcel post to a destination in the U.S. Shipping is combined on multiple auctions whenever possible.NOTE: THE USPS RAISED SHIPPING RATES IN JANUARY 2011. Paypal is preferred. Thanks for LQQking and enjoy your eBay shopping!


text:
I have an employee that spends more time on the Internet than working but I need some kind of proof of her time surfing the Internet.
This topic was created during version 5.1.
The latest version is 7.5.00101.
5 Replies
Jul 13, 2011 at 4:15 UTC
Unfortunately, I don't think spiceworks has this functionality.
Hopefully someone else in the community will be able to suggest something.
Good luck!
Jul 13, 2011 at 4:16 UTC
I am not aware of any plugin in sw to track web usage. You can monitor bandwidth. However here is a link to some software that might help you.
Jul 13, 2011 at 4:19 UTC
There are a few posts about this in the community.
Read through some of these and give a few suggestions a shot. Untangle seems to be a big one out there.
Jul 13, 2011 at 4:29 UTC
Thanks everyone, I did start to look at the posts but some of them were from 2008 so I thought I would throw it out there again to see if anything had changed.
Jul 13, 2011 at 7:07 UTC
Untangle has excellent reporting and (optionally) AD integration.
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Jason End <bensnep...@yahoo.com>
|Re: RT: utilise screenspace
|Thu, 09 Sep 2004 10:16:09 GMT
In Crust (or Krysalis at least) the TOC appears in the left panel. The problem is that each if the section title is a little long, it will span two lines, and be incomplete ("My long section title is...."). Of course you can adjust the left panel width, but then it's always taking up a lot space. I for one, prefer the TOC at the top of the text, and will be switching to pelt soon (I can't remember if Crust has the option to show the took in the main panel). In my case it just tidier and keeps the focus on the text, rather than splitting it between the text and the menu. So if this were implemented I would like there to be an option to keep the TOC in the text. cheers, Jay --- David Crossley <email@example.com> wrote: > You know the massive waste of screen-space for the > otherwise useful Table of Contents at the top of a > page: > http://forrest.apache.org/docs/your-project.html > > You know the wasted space below the left-side > navigation bar. > > Would there be a way to put the ToC in that > left-panel? > > Is that desirable as an option? > > -- > David Crossley > > __________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Mail - You care about security. So do we. http://promotions.yahoo.com/new_mail
|View raw message


text:
A former Lloyds bank boss in charge of online security is facing jail for a £2.4 million fraud scam.
Jessica Harper took the money over a four-year period while working as head of fraud and security for digital banking at Lloyds Banking Group.
Her four-year scam was uncovered after an internal review by Lloyds who called in police and Harper was arrested.
Today the 50-year-old stood in the dock at Southwark Crown Court, in London, and showed no emotion as she spoke quietly to plead guilty to the fraud.
Harper is believed to have earned around £70,000 a year, but embarked on a scam by submitting false invoices to claim payments to herself totalling £2,463,750, some of it spent on renovating a second home in France.
She was dismissed from her job in January this year after the scam was uncovered following an internal review by Lloyds.
Antony Swift, prosecuting said Harper's crimes were a "very simple fraud" and she admitted what she had done "within 10 minutes" of the first interview with police.
Mr Swift told the court Harper had already repaid £300,000 and was in the process of selling her house on Crest Road, Croydon, south London, for around £700,000 to give back to Lloyds.
Harper has entered guilty pleas to a single charge of fraud by abuse of position and a second charge of transferring criminal proceeds - the money, from Lloyds to herself.
The charges relate to a period between December 28 2007 and December 21 last year.
Carol Hawley, defending, said Harper was in the process of selling her £700,000 home to repay some of the stolen cash and was due to exchange contracts today.
Ms Hawley told the court: "She appreciates the seriousness and has made full admissions in interview. She understands perfectly well on the next occasion she will be facing imprisonment of some length.
"There are some matters to attend to, not least she is in the process of taking steps to repay significant sums of the money that has been taken and has already cashed in her pension and various other shares.
"More significant is her property, on the market - exchange in relation to that property is due to take place today. Completion will be in the period of seven to 10 days.
"As a result of that she will be able to offer something in the order of £700,000."
The court heard that the defendant's mother lived in France and some of the money had been spent on property there.
Harper had also been "keen" to make a visit to France but her passport has been confiscated by police.
Judge Nicholas Loraine-Smith bailed Harper on condition she does not apply for any international travel documents, lives at her home address and observes a night-time curfew.
Sue Patten, head of the Crown Prosecution Service, Central Fraud Division, said: "Jessica Harper has today been convicted of the type of crime the bank employed her to combat.
"The evidence in the case was clear and left Harper with little choice but to plead guilty. In doing so, she has admitted to a huge breach of trust against her former employer.
"Harper was expected to safeguard the financial interests of the bank. Instead, she submitted false invoices totalling more that £2.4 million over a period of four years.
"She has also pleaded guilty to laundering the funds of the fraud."
Harper will be sentenced on September 21.
A spokesman for Lloyds said: "As the court process is ongoing it would be inappropriate for us to comment."


text: Baraem (Arabic) is a pre-school Arabic television channel. The channel caters for children between the ages of 3 and 6 years old, presenting programs specifically tailored for this age-group. It started transmission January 16, 2009,[1] and now broadcasts 17 hours daily. It is free to view on Arabsat, Nilesat, Hot Bird and can be seen throughout the whole Arab world, plus Europe and some parts of Australia. Baraem's goal is to educate the young audience and guide their developing interaction with the surrounding world. The channel focuses on the early formative years of learning, with content to help develop social skills and intuition. The programs and the interactive website (baraem.tv) are also planned with parents, child-minders and kindergarten-teachers in mind, offering a range of innovative child-engaging ideas and techniques to help enhance the enjoyment and educational-value of the children's daily routine. Programming for older children is broadcast under the title: Jeem TV. Baraem is funded by Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development, and managed by Al Jazeera Children's Channel (JCC).


text:
Chiefs Defeat Chargers 23-20 in Overtime for Fourth Straight NFL Victory
The Kansas City Chiefs defeated the San Diego Chargers 23-20 in overtime for their fourth straight win after an 0-3 start to the National Football League season.
Ryan Succop kicked a 30-yard field goal with 5:16 left in overtime at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, as the Chiefs improved to 4-3 and tied the Chargers and Oakland Raiders atop the American Football Conference's West Division.
San Diego had rallied to tie the game with 7:11 remaining in the fourth quarter and was driving for a potential winning score last night when quarterback Philip Rivers fumbled away a snap at the Chiefs' 15-yard line with 48 seconds left.
"Before that I thought it looked a little glum, but our guys fought and fought, and we were able to get a win," said Chiefs quarterback Matt Cassel, who passed for 261 yards and a touchdown while overcoming three turnovers.
Jackie Battle rushed for 70 yards and a touchdown for Kansas City, which avenged a 20-17 Week 3 loss in San Diego. The Chiefs haven't lost since then, while the Chargers have now dropped two straight.
Rivers had 369 passing yards for San Diego, yet had two interceptions in addition to his fumble in the final minute.
The Chiefs opened a 10-0 first-quarter advantage and led 13-3 at halftime. After the Chargers pulled within 13-12 on three third-quarter field goals by Nick Novak, Battle had a one- yard touchdown run to extend the Chiefs' lead to 20-12 with 12:01 remaining.
Tied Game
San Diego tied the game when Curtis Brinkley dived into the end zone from two yards out and then caught the two-point conversion pass from Rivers.
The Chargers got the ball back and drove deep into Chiefs territory before Rivers mishandled the snap on a first-down play with Kansas City out of timeouts.
After forcing the Chargers to punt on the first overtime possession, the Chiefs drove 74 yards in 14 plays to set up Succop's winning kick. Kansas City now holds a 52-50-1 edge in the all-time series.
"That's why you play the game out," Chiefs coach Todd Haley told reporters. "I'm really proud of the guys and that was a lot of fun out there. It was a good night."
To contact the reporter on this story: Erik Matuszewski in New York at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Michael Sillup at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Ken Fisher / Editor in Chief
Ken is the founder & Editor-in-Chief of Ars Technica. A veteran of the IT industry and a scholar of antiquity, Ken studies the emergence of intellectual property regimes and their effects on culture and innovation.
Sebastian Anthony / Editor of Ars Technica UK
Sebastian is the editor of Ars Technica UK. He usually writes about low-level hardware, software, and transport, but it is emerging science and the future of technology that really get him excited.
Eric Bangeman / Managing Editor
Eric has been using personal computers since 1980 and writing about them at Ars Technica since 2003, where he currently serves as Managing Editor.
Nate Anderson / Deputy Editor
Nate is the deputy editor at Ars Technica, where he oversees long-form feature content and writes about technology law and policy. He is the author of The Internet Police: How Crime Went Online, and the Cops Followed.
Mark Walton / Consumer Editor
Mark is Consumer Editor at Ars Technica UK by day, and keen musician by night. He hails from the UK, the home of ARM, heavy metal, and superior chocolate.
Kelly Fiveash / News Editor
Kelly is News Editor at Ars Technica UK. She cut her teeth as an IT helpdesk bod, before moving into tech journalism. She's a Londoner who loves tiny dogs, loud guitars, and messy tacos.
Aurich Lawson / Creative Director
Aurich is the creative director at Ars Technica, where he oversees the look and feel of the site as well as the day-to-day story graphic needs. He has over 17 years of experience in interactive design.
Jason Marlin / Technical Director
Jason is the Technical Director for Ars Technica. If you ask him nicely he'll tell you wild stories about when he lived in Atlanta.
Cassandra Khaw / Contributing Reporter
Cassandra Khaw enjoys Muay Thai, neural networks, street dance, video games, reading, and balletic executions of electronic malice.


text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
How to adjust the size of my form when embedded?Asked by innovakandel on November 27, 2016 at 10:37 AM
Good afternoon!
When I insert the form in my project made in mse adobe the form is reduced the size of the same, as a result the letters look smaller.
Do you know why this effect may be due?
JotForm Support
Hello Enrique,
Can you let us know how did you embed your form? I mean which method you used?
And if you didn't use please try with iFrame method: https://www.jotform.com/help/148-Getting-the-form-iFrame-code
We'll wait for your response.
Thank you!
Hello! Nik
Thanks for your answer, I do not program and the only way to do it is through embed / insert the code can not do it since I do not master it.
JotForm Support
Do you need help still? If yes, provide the URL of the page where your form is embedded in order to check further.
I passed the page so I can see.
JotForm Support
Please provide the exact URL of the page where the form is embedded. I tried navigating through your site, but I could not locate any jotform, just a contact form which is not a jotform:
Hello ! If I forgive I am doing the tests to be able to integrate jotform, and I do them without uploading to the server, then perhaps better to wait when the tests with the server.
I appreciate the time I spend.
JotForm Support
Very well, when you do all tests and if you still have further questions please let us know.
We'll be glad to assist.
Thank you!


text:
Author | Malini Menon | Friday, Mar 11,2005 7:26 AM
With the Indo-Pak Test series grabbing all eyeballs, most white goods marketers are geared up for the challenge too. While LG and Samsung have lined up fresh campaigns, Electrolux is using the scrollers to mark its presence.
Samsung has announced its latest promotion, 'Samsung Jeet Lo Dil' offer, wherein the customer can win a car with the purchase of a Flat CTV. "Samsung plans to sell 200,000 TVs during this season," said Ravinder Zutshi, Director, Sales.
On the media plan, he said, "The Jeet Lo Dil TVC featuring Team Samsung will break today and the campaign will run for two weeks on Doordarshan during the live telecast of matches. Other mass and niche channels are also being targeted. This will be supported by a radio campaign on AIR during the live commentary."
"The creative idea was to add excitement around the offer and at the same time promote the Jeet Lo Dil spirit," he added.
The customers buying a Samsung Flat CTV during this cricket season will get an opportunity to win Hyundai Getz cars. As many as 40 Hyundai Getz cars are to be won during the series. Other gifts include Samsung E800 mobile phones, cordless headphones and travel bags.
Not to be outdone, archrivals LGEIL has also hit media with three 20-second commercials coinciding with the cricket series. Around Rs 60 crore has been allocated for the campaign and LG is looking at a sales target of Rs 1,200 crore during the Indo-Pak series from March 8 to April 20. Like Samsung, LGEIL also has a promotional offer wherein customers can purchase LG products and win gifts. The lucky winners even get an opportunity to be a part of Sourav XI or Inzi XI and play a game of their choice.
Electrolux will also be advertising the exchange prices of their products on the scroller on Doordarshan during the live telecast of matches during the Indo-Pak series.
Programming HeadRadio Mango


text:
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