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Stochastic Manpower Requirements Model: Research Needed to Address Craft Labor Issues
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1 Stochastic Manpower Requirements Model: Research Needed to Address Craft Labor Issues Charles O. Skipper 1, Stefanie Brandenburg 2, and Lansford C. Bell 3 1. Vice Chairman, Finance and Administration, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC Visiting Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC Abstract The supply of adequately trained and led craft workers poses a serious challenge for the expected growth of infrastructure projects and energy plant construction in the immediate and more distant future. Research studies and publications over the past 25 years consistently indicate that craft labor is the biggest expense on industrial construction projects, including infrastructure and energy related construction projects. These same studies have concluded that construction cost effectiveness depends on the proper supply of well trained, motivated, and experienced people. Despite this fact, the construction industry has focused scant attention to the issues involved in creating a high quality craft labor force. With the expected funds coming from United States Government stimulus packages to catch up on long neglected infrastructure projects, as well as the publicprivate venture opportunities under way to build infrastructure and/or energy plants and other sources for the nation s continued growth and development, it is time to address the craft labor challenge. Research is needed that will offer a methodology or model for the identification of inputs to the complex issue of craft labor needs, to create schedules to address these needs through tools and techniques, and to produce the desired craft labor outputs. Inputs would include areas such as manpower sources, training needs, recruitment strategies, supply chain management, identification of technical skill requirements, leadership 1
2 programs, and similar items. This data could be modeled into a stochastic craft labor scheduling process that would utilize specific tools and techniques. The outputs from the process would result in identification of the most cost effective manpower staffing plans, the most cost effective combination of on-site or off-site fabrication programs, use of recommended best practices, identification of the most effective technical training programs, and proposals to produce training and development programs that generate competent craft leadership personnel. In order for the US Construction Industry to be up to the challenge of the coming wave of infrastructure and energy plant construction projects, emphasis needs to be placed now on the stochastic modeling of manpower requirements. Keywords: Leadership, Construction, Crafts, Modeling Overview The period of 2008 to present has demonstrated how quickly long held convictions about the construction industry and craft labor can change. In a very short time span, the continuous talk of a shortage of craft labor has given way to widespread unemployment in that sector. The election of President Obama and congressional passing of a stimulus Bill that included $40 Billion for transportation infrastructure appears to have changed the discussion, for now (Parsons 2009). The shovel ready projects are not moving as quickly as promised, but clearly this spending will ultimately generate some jobs for those involved in the construction industry. Although there is no clear consensus at this time, there is also much talk about significant national investment in costly high speed rail projects. President Obama has pledged $8 Billion in immediate spending, and an additional $5 Billion spread over 5 years, starting in 2010 (Parsons 2009). The expansions of postponed and overdue airport runway projects are also in the news. Finally, on the energy front there is discussion about significant investment in green energy, to include wind, solar, and hydroelectric. Many consider Nuclear power to be green, since it emits no carbon dioxide and the volume of greenhouse gas emissions prevented by current nuclear plants, as compared with that same amount of electricity 2
3 being produced by fossil fueled plants, is equivalent to removing 96% of the passenger cars from America s highways (Flint 2008). Currently there are 32 nuclear plants that have submitted applications for, or are pending submission of, construction and operating licenses (COLs) in the United States (Jacoby 2009). Several US Senators have called for the construction of 100 new nuclear plants by 2030 to significantly reduce carbon emissions while producing enough electricity to keep up with America s growing needs (Burr 2009). One of the common requirements that these initiatives share is a need for adequate numbers of trained, competent, and well led craft labor. The construction industry s skilled labor shortage has been well documented in the literature and many attempts have been made to address the supply side of the problem (Brandenburg 2004). In the 1980 s, the Construction Industry Cost Effectiveness Project researched many of the issues facing the industry and identified under trained supervisors and de-motivated workers as two of the major problems causing reduced productivity and monetary losses (CICE 1983). Other studies to determine the root cause of the craft labor shortage have found that changes in vocational education, technology, and a shift to open shop contracting are just a few of the causes (Chini 1999, Maloney 1995). Haphazard or independent attempts at addressing the shortage have included training programs, incentives for workers, and the use of foreign or non-traditional workers. The National Center for Construction Education and Research (NCCER) is one of the most widely recognized providers of standardized construction training materials and resources (Bennett 2003.) A two-tiered approach developed at the University of Texas at Austin is a more comprehensive approach that focuses resources on the development of highly skilled craft workers (Castañeda-Maza 2002) and highly trained front-line supervisors (Brandenburg 2006). A few short years ago there were numerous studies that explained the approaching shortage of trained craft labor (CII 2003, Chini 1999, Coia 1997, Grogan 2000, Maloney 1995, Federle 1993). However, the short term outlook for craft labor availability has become more positive for several reasons. First, many retirement eligible craft workers 3
4 are delaying retirement due to the significant loss of value in their retirement savings as a result of the drop in the stock market. Second, the severe drop in total construction spending (May, 2009 was down 11.7 % from May, 2008) has resulted in a lesser need for craft labor (Davis 2009). Despite these transient conditions, the long term trends for craft labor are still negative (Fiori 2003, Brandenburg 2004). With the reduced need for craft labor during the economic downturn, many workers will leave construction for other industries - often permanently. Also, during slow times, fewer younger workers will begin apprenticeship or community college programs that would train them to be skilled craft workers. When the economy rebounds and the demand for construction craft labor increases again, the craft labor pool will have contracted even more and the shortage of skilled laborers will be even greater. Most Americans are confident that the economy will rebound; if not immediately, in a few years (Karabell, 2009). When that happens we will be faced with the same craft labor situation, or worse, that we had in 2008 a shortage of well trained, well led, and experienced craft labor. The History of Craft Requirements Development Traditionally craft labor issues have been approached from a local perspective. If there is a need for skilled craft labor in a specific field - nuclear, automotive, aviation, etc. - then local companies or communities band together to provide training programs. Training programs may be offered at the employing organization while others may be offered at local community colleges. Some craft labor is also able to transition from Military service where they receive valuable training and experience. In those areas where union labor is available, the unions provide their own programs. Overall the approach to training has been somewhat minimalist, and certainly haphazard. Identification of craft manpower numbers, skills, training needs, etc. (i.e. requirements development) has also been approached as a local issue since for the most part craft labor does not easily migrate. This has contributed to a less than comprehensive approach to creating a more sophisticated approach to craft requirements development. This minimalist approach is interesting in view of the fact that it is widely accepted that the two largest expenses on infrastructure projects are materials and craft labor. These two expenses are inevitably 4
5 linked, since poorly trained and poor performing crafts have a negative impact on the efficiency with which materials are utilized. A key issue is the actual effectiveness of craft labor on the job site, as determined by craft leadership. Many studies over the past 25 years have repeatedly indicated that construction cost effectiveness depends on the training, supervision, motivation, commitment, and leadership of people on the job (Skipper 2008). Likewise it has been reported that the best construction project managers are the best leaders and there are specific causal influences that produce those leaders (Skipper ,2 ). Regardless of the above points, these past efforts to call attention to or put research emphasis toward craft labor issues have not resulted in widely accepted or well established tools that can be used throughout the construction industry. The Construction Industry Institute (CII) is one organization that has attempted to develop best practices with regards to workforce management, but the information is proprietary and limited to member companies. There is little information in the literature to suggest that there are generally accepted practices in the construction industry with regards to workforce development or management (Brandenburg 2004, Pappas 2003). Current and Future Requirements As briefly mentioned in the overview, it appears there will be a surge of significant spending on infrastructure projects for at least the next several years. This spending will generate employment of significant numbers of craft labor. In the nuclear industry there are 32 nuclear plants pending construction and operating licenses (COLs). The nine year construction and start up process will create an average of 1400 to 1800 construction jobs, with permanent requirements of 400 to 700 people to keep the plant in operation (NEI 2009). These workers cannot be hired off-the-street, as they require substantial training/skills and must meet strict background requirements. In the green energy area, $86 Billion of Federal funding is targeted for initiatives in solar and wind power (ENS 2009). It is estimated that this investment will generate between 500,000 to 1.7 million green energy jobs with a large percentage of those as craft labor jobs (Buckwater-Poza 5
6 2009). In the infrastructure area, President Obama has proposed in his latest budget the creation of an infrastructure bank. That bank would start with $5 Billion in 2010, and receive a total of $25.2 Billion by 2019 (Lambert 2009). All of these initiatives may not come to fruition, at least not in the near term. The ability of Congress to continue high levels of deficit spending may be curtailed. There may not be adequate local and regional funding available to support many of the power or transportation initiatives. Environmental issues and access rights may also limit the ability to build high speed rail, or energy plants, or power transmission lines, at least in the time frames being proposed. For example, fourteen conservation groups and a Colorado county have sued the federal government over 6000 proposed miles of energy transmission corridors that would develop electricity transmission and distribution facilities on Federal public land in 11 western states (Straub 2009). These types of conflicts between those concerned about the environment and those attempting to upgrade power and infrastructure facilities are predictable and will result in litigation that delay or even block intended construction projects. Nevertheless, the need for new construction is genuine and the requirement for well-trained and well-led craft labor appears to be on the increase. The question at this point is how the increased demand for skilled craft labor will be met. Will the focus continue to be short term and local only, or will a more substantial approach be developed that incorporates all of the complex issues and challenges associated with the construction industry in the US? This paper argues that the time is now to conduct University level research and move craft labor planning and management forward. A Stochastic Modeling Path Forward This paper proposes that research is needed that will offer a methodology or model that can be used to assist with the many complex issues related to craft labor. This model is in the preliminary stages of development and it is acknowledged that the model may not be comprehensive. The objective of this paper to identify the need for University 6
7 research into the topics related to construction craft labor and to offer a methodology to address those issues. We propose that the craft labor research can be broken down into a 2-phased approach; Development of the Workforce Readiness Index (WRI) and the Stochastic Labor Requirements Model. The Workforce Readiness Index (WRI) is intended to represent the workforce development strategies that have been considered and developed for a project, industry, community, or region (Figure 1). It would be developed using a process similar to that of the CII Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI) (CII 1999). The major components of the WRI would be evaluated using a rating system to determine if all of the inputs for a well trained, led and managed workforce have been identified. Each input would be given a formal definition with subcategories as needed and users would rate the degree to which the input had been formally identified, with a 1 representing complete identification and documentation and 5 representing little or no identification. A series of weights would be applied to each of the inputs or input categories and a score could be generated suggesting the readiness of the project or region with regards to craft labor issues. This index would then provide information for use in the development of the Stochastic Labor Requirements Model for a project, region, or industry. 7
8 Sources Incentives Labor Projections Craft Labor Availability Leadership Training Skill Level Current Needs Skills of Management Craft Labor Leadership & Management Workforce Readiness Index Supervisor Training Technical Skills Training Craft Training Leadership Skills Training Attraction and Retention Reward System Craft Labor Productivity Off-site Prefab. Image Wages Amenities Advertising Enterprise Environmental Factors Regulatory Issues Union/ non-union Supply Chain Integration Equip./ Tool Requirements Current Labor Pool Local Unemployment Figure 1: The Workforce Readiness Index Some of the questions that must be identified and quantified for each of the components include: Craft Labor Availability. What are the sources of skilled craft labor? Are the available craft labor assets trained or untrained? What are the different skilled crafts needed; by technical skill (welder, electrician, equipment operator) and by numbers (craft hours per month of project)? 8
9 Craft Labor Leadership and Management. Are project managers and superintendents trained in craft labor issues? Are craft team leaders trained to lead and manage their personnel? Are programs in place to provide recurring training in the use of automated planning tools, dispute resolution, and other needed leadership skills? Are programs available to provide supervisor training in quality control, quality assurance, supply chain management, and safety? Craft Labor Productivity. Are there strategies in place to determine the optimum use of on-site or off-site construction and prefabrication? Is there an identified approach to handle environmental and regulatory issues so they do not impede the effectiveness of craft labor output? Have manpower levels been integrated with supply chain management? Have equipment and tool requirements been submitted to stochastic modeling to preclude labor ineffectiveness due to shortages or breakdowns? Craft Training. Are training programs available in the local areas that meet the requirements? Can new training programs be initiated or existing training programs be revised? Is the training universal, or does it provide a certification program? Is leadership or management skills training available? Enterprise Environmental Factors. What is the labor market in the local area; skilled or unskilled, unionized or nonunionized, plentiful or limited? What institutions exist in the area to provide needed training programs? What are the prevailing standards for wages and benefits in the region? Craft Attraction and Retention. Are plans developed to recruit craft labor from local high schools, community colleges, and related industries? Are programs in place to advertise jobs to skilled workers in other geographic areas than are employed in industries that are being downsized (textiles, automotive)? Are there initiatives to reach out to military veterans who may have exact or related technical skills and who are open to relocation? Are studies available that will generate solid retention strategies for the best craft performers (pay, benefits, child care, college loan forgiveness, retirement planning)? Is there a reward system that encourages high levels of team performance? 9
10 The Stochastic Labor Requirements model would involve a series of inputs such as those in Figure 2 as well as others, including the WRI to generate a number of outputs creating a comprehensive plan for the development of a well-trained, skilled, and well-led construction workforce. Workforce Readiness Index Life Cycle Labor Requirements Craft Leveling Strategies Organizational Process Assets Project Mgmt Methodology Expert Judgment INPUT STOCHASTIC LABOR REQUIREMENTS MODEL OUTPUT Labor Attraction and Retention Plan Labor and Schedule Integration Plan Labor Training and Productivity Plan CII Best Practices Implementation Plan Project Management Information Systems Environmental, Regulatory, and Political Impact Plan Figure 2: Stochastic Labor Requirements Model The inputs of the model would include the WRI as well as the following: Craft Leveling Strategies. Systems should be developed to level craft manpower requirements over the life of the project with the critical path of the construction schedule to minimize inefficiencies Craft manpower requirements are leveled with craft equipment and support requirements. Organizational Process Assets. Organizations/industries/regions have a wellestablished and successful human resources plan for craft labor. Collective bargaining agreements are in force. Lessons Learned reports from previous 10
11 related construction projects are utilized and distributed. Templates and checklists are available that indicate craft productivity results and expectations. Project Management Methodology. A well developed company (or industry or regional) plan provides guidelines as to how projects are managed and craft labor is supervised. The plan also includes provisions for continuous improvement of craft labor effectiveness. Expert Judgment. There are identified and experienced personnel who can participate in craft labor planning issues. These experts should represent all levels of the organization as well as all the specialties of craft labor that will be employed on the project. Project Management Information Systems. The software programs available for the analysis of data should be up to date and should include training for all users of the software. Craft labor and supervisors should have some use of portable information systems as well as automated inventory reporting systems. The Model itself could be developed as a unique new product. It could also be adapted from another application. For example, the Center for Naval Analysis (CNA) has examined a complexity based model known as Agent Based Models (ABMs). The strength of ABMs is in its ability to simulate real interactions between individuals and groups, while allowing for a wide variety of feedback (Burke, 2003). If ABMs offer a solid approach for the complexities of modeling manpower requirements for the US Navy, then it can be envisioned that a model can be found that will provide some rigor to the challenge of modeling construction craft manpower requirements. The Stochastic Labor Requirements Model would then generate the following outputs: Life Cycle Labor Requirements Analysis. Labor Recruiting and Retention Plan. Labor and Schedule Integration Plan. Labor Training and Productivity Plan. CII Best Practices Implementation Plan. Environmental, Regulatory, and Political Impact Plan. 11
12 These outputs would provide the framework for the comprehensive development of a skilled, well-trained, well-led construction workforce. It is anticipated that this model can be applied at the local project level, organizational level, community or regional level, and the industry level. Conclusion This paper states that there is a long overdue need to address construction industry craft issues in a deliberate, well researched, and engineering study manner. The issues related to employment of adequate numbers of trained and motivated craft labor can be best resolved through a detailed modeling approach. This approach would consist of identification of inputs to the research, use of identified modeling tools and techniques for analysis, and result in the outputs of specific plans. These plans would generate a much more detailed approach than has been used in the past to address sourcing, employing, and effectively utilizing craft labor on large construction projects. The need for adequate numbers of well led and competent craft personnel is well recognized by the leadership of the construction industry. The question remains as to whether those leaders also recognize the need to apply resources to study the problem and find modern solutions. References Bennett, D Speech to the Gulf Coast User s Conferences on June 16, 2003 in Houston, Texas. Brandenburg, S.G The Tier I Workforce Management Strategy. Dissertation. The University of Texas at Austin. Brandenburg, S.G., C.T. Haas, and K. Byrom Strategic Management of Human Resources in Construction. ASCE Journal of Management in Engineering. Vol. 22 (2) pp
13 Buckwater-Poza, R Report. Clean Energy Economy Creates 1.7 million Jobs. Posted June 18, 2009 at 11:29am. Burke, D. D., and Hodari, A.K Using Complexity for Manpower Modeling: A Feasibility Study. Center For Naval Analysis, Alexandria, Virginia, October, Burr, T Bennett: U.S. Needs 100 More Nuclear Power Plants, The Salt Lake Tribune, June 22, Castañeda-Maza, J Workers Skills and Receptiveness to Operate Under the Tier II Construction Management Strategy. Dissertation. The University of Texas at Austin. Chini, A.R., B. Brown, and E. Drummond Causes of the Construction Skilled Labor Shortage and Proposed Solutions. ASCE. Proceedings of the 35 th Annual Conference. Coia, A The Labor Shortage Within. Construction Business Review. Vol 7(1). Davis, M., Holland, L., and Tremblay, J May 2009 Construction at $964 Billion Annual Rate, US Census Bureau News, Washington, DC, July 1, Federle, M.O., J.E. Rowings, and T.S. DeVany Model of Career Choice for Craftwork. ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. Vol. 119(1). Fiori, C.M What s wrong with Working in Construction? How Image and Diversity Issues are affecting the Shortage of Skilled Labor. ASCE Construction Research Congress. Honolulu, HI. March. 13
14 Flint, A Statement of Alex Flint, Senior Vice President, Governmental affairs, Nuclear Energy Institute, before the Select Congressional Committee On Energy Independence And Global Warming, March 12, Grogan, T The Dilemma of Good Times: More Work, Fewer Workers. Engineering News Record. Vol. 245(17). Green Billions Fertilize the U.S. Economic Stimulus Package Environment News Service. Feb. 20, Jacoby, J The Coming Nuclear Renaissance, The Boston Globe, Boston, Massachusetts, March29, Karabell, Z The Biggest Thing to Fear is Fear; American consumers are in better shape than you think. Newsweek. Vol No. 11. March, 16. Lambert, L Obama Budget has $5Billion For Infrastructure Bank, Reuters News Service, February 26, Maloney, W.F. and J.M. McFillen Job Characteristics: Union- Nonunion Differences. ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. Vol. 121(1). More Construction for the Money: Summary Report of the Construction Industry Cost Effectiveness Project The Business Round Table. Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), Nuclear Energy, Powering America s Future, NEI, Washington, DC, July, Pappas, M Evaluating Innovative Construction Management Methods. ASCE Construction Research Congress. Honolulu, HI. March. 14
15 Parsons, J Optimism In Transportation Sector As Stimulus Provides Stability, Engineering News-Record, July 1, Skipper, C., Bell, L., Brandenberg, S Craft Leadership Development and the Nuclear Industry, Proceedings of Construction Research Congress (CRC) of ASCE, Lake Tahoe, California, October, 2008, Skipper, C., Bell, L Assessment with 360º Evaluations of Leadership Behavior in Construction Project Managers Journal of Management in Engineering (ASCE), April 2006 Skipper, C., Bell, L Influences Impacting Leadership Development, Journal of Management in Engineering (ASCE), April 2006 Straub, N Groups Sue U.S. Over Energy-Transmission Corridors on Public Lands, The New York Times, New York, NY, July 8, The Shortage of Skilled Craft Workers in the U.S Construction Industry Institute. Publication RS
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|25 Oct 2013
Playing LoL getting unknown directX error.
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Castara Cottage - Reader Reports & Opinion
Guest Report
Nigel Fearnley from U.K. visited in March 2011 and awarded
My wife and 3 year old daughter had a fantastic two week stay in the Tamarind Apartment back in March. The whole experience from beginning to end was very easy and relaxed. Ann, the owner, prides herself on customer care and couldnt have been more friendly and helpful in responding to all my queries before we booked the apartment as well as providing some very useful information packs. Joshua the manager was also fantastic, he regularly called by to check we were ok, but without being intrusive, he shared his local knowledge with us and we also asked him to cook us a fish bbq one night which was really tasty and a nice authentic experience.
The apartment was comfortable and well-equipped with attractive local character. It had a spacious and airy lounge, and a large private and shaded veranda, where you could eat outside, and sit and relax enjoying the local birdlife and the view and lovely sunsets over little Bay. The location was also perfectly positioned for easy access to both beaches less than 5 minutes walk away, and also the main village centre.
Yes there are the occasional sounds of dogs and chickens at night, but you can also hear the relaxing sounds of the waves breaking, the cicadas, and occasional rain showers in the night. None of this was ever a serious issue for us, if anything it only adds to the authenticity of the expereince. All in all, the Tamarind apartment and the village of Castara offer the perfect place to spend a holiday that is much more immersed into the local surroundings and way of life than staying in a hotel resort in a much more tourist developed area.
Guest Report
Sabine Liehr from Austria visited in January 2011 and awarded
We (three friends) stayed in Castara for two weeks in Jan 2011 and loved the village and it's friendly and helpful locals.
Castara Cottage Tamarind apartment is really as nice as on the pictures, cosy, colourful, fresh with a spacy terrace giving space to all of us.
As the cottage is situated in the middle of two streets leading to beaches very often locals dropped by to chat or leave fruits (Mango, Papaya..) on our table.
We liked the space and interieur of the apartment, even if the bathroom could be much better as it isn't tiled and has a very small washing basin. We have seen much better bathrooms within more economic apartments in Castara- this could be improved, so far the only small critics in a first moment, BUT:
The worst had to come: as the apartment is fully wooden constructure and very open it is also very loud. In Castara there are lot's of Roosters and cheicken and dogs. Roosters start crying at 1 o'clock in the morning, dogs bark all the time, nearby church with loud music early evening, main road behind the apartment with cars and loud music- all this we could have managed and get used to it.
ONE THING HAS BEEN IMPOSSIBLE: sleep all night long with the neighbours dog barking 4 or 6 times a night almost for half an hour. It seemed as if the dog was standing in our room. The neighbour keeps the dog just 3 meters away and chained in the night- and he was not willing to move it into the house or behind his house. We tried one week with earplugs, one of my friends had a nervous breakdown after 8 nights without sleep, even with earplugs and had to move to another place. Joshua the manager was very nice and tried to help us, he also talked to the neighbour- no chance. Locals tried to find a quiet and not expensive place for us, as they already knew that there was a problem with this dog- they have had complaints before, so also the owner of the place has been already aware about this problem, but nobody had warned us!
We asked the owner of the apartment if she was willing to return at least a small part of the prepayment as we had to move, she was not willing to help.
So we are very disappointed- even if the place is so nice- we cannot recommend this place to other people if the dog problem is not solved.
We were told that all dogs bark, not only the neighbours dog, but we can tell that this is not really the truth: yes, there is some barking in the night- but this dog is the only one you can hear all night through and that loud over whole Castara. And I'm very sorry for the owner of Castara Cottage to have built such a beautiful apartment and then get such neighbours. But this is no excuse for not advising customers in advance that there night be this noise problem, especially as Catsra Cottage is not beneath the most economic places. We paid 1382 USD for two weeks, so minimum one can exspect is that he's able to sleep at night!!!
We work hard all year round, alot of stress, so holidays are HOLY to be able to relax once a year- not possible without sleep.
A nervous breakdown in your holidays because of no sleep? Possible, deprivation of sleep is used as torture method.
My advice: Don't ever book Castara Cottage in advance with prepayment.
For all the rest: after we had partially moved to another place and could sleep there the last 6 days were again beautiful and great.
Good fish from the fishermen, great food at the coffeshop and Boathouse, nice liming and drum sessions and dancing- very friendly and helpful people, beautiful beaches and snorkeling (Saw a stingray in Castara little bay). WE WILL RETURN!!! of course- very sorry- not to Castara Cottage.
Guest Report
Jenny And Henry Fay from U.K. visited in November 2010 and awarded
My husband and I first stayed at Castara Cottage for a few days in 2006 and loved it so much that we promised ourselves that we would return... and we did, this time with my sister and her two-year old daughter. We rented two apartments, Tamarind and Saffron, which gave us lots of space and meant that the little one could sleep undisturbed while we stayed up chatting. The provisions for a toddler (cot, potty, high-chair) were great. This apartment is good for accessing both of Castara's fabulous beaches. We also had fresh fruit delivered most mornings by Bengi, a local "greengrocer", which was a lovely treat. The apartment is cool and airy because if its wooden construction and the spacious balcony is great for lounging in the hammock, eating or just sitting watching the tropical birds. Although, do beware, birds are tempted indoors by ripe fruit!
Guest Report
Sarah Turner from U.K. visited in September 2010 and awarded
After doing some extensive online research, I chose to stay at Castara Cottage in the village of Castara.
I have to say I loved every minute of my stay and the layed back vibe in Castara.
I stayed in the Tamarind apartment and for me it was the nicest of the three. Lots of space, and a large balcony and with all mod cons.
It's really close to Castara beach and with a car you are only 5 mins to Englishmans Bay, which for me was the best beach.
I can't wait to return and explore more of the island.
Guest Report
Maxine Noel from U.K. visited in August 2010 and awarded
We - my husband, myself and our two children aged seven and nine,- have just returned from a two-week holiday in Tobago where we had an absolutely fantastic, time. It was our first visit to the island, but it certainly wont be the last.
We stayed at Castara Cottage in the Tamarind apartment which was exactly as we imagined it would be. We especially enjoyed relaxing on the patio and feeding the different birds which came every day for the bits of fruit nuts, biscuits and other tit-bits which the children especially liked to put out for them.
Other great experiences were buying freshly caught fish from the fishermens co-op in Big Bay, and being lucky enough to get freshly baked bread and delicious cakes from the mud oven.
The apartment was clean and very well-equipped with everything we needed, and we loved the fact that it was so well-placed for both of Castaras beautiful beaches and the great snorkelling near the rocks in Heavenly Bay.
As we were Tobago virgins we really appreciated the quick responses and useful information on everything we wanted to know from Ann, one of the owners. Joshua, the manager not only looked after us very well, but it was also very re-assuring that he lived just down the road - near Chinos café where the food is delicious.
We hired a car so were able to travel around the whole island and can honestly say that Castara and Castara Cottage are great places to stay if you are looking for a friendly and relaxing holiday in Tobago.
Maxine, John, Tim and Justin from the Uk
August 2010
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We miss you and Sweetums so much. We can't believe we lost both of you in one day, and possibly all from a stupid plant that was growing where I couldn't get to it and get rid of it. Your daddy destroyed those steps to get to that stupid plant and managed to get it up and out of the ground. When Daddy was taking you to the vet I knew I wouldn't see you alive again. We know in our hearts you missed Sweetie girl too much, your best friend, and wanted to go home. 10-7-10
5/20/13: today I've made it a point to stop at all four sites to see you, Sweetums, Oreo, and Brownie. It's been hard living life without you kids here. The last year has been very hard. As you know from me telling the others, and you looking down on us, losing family members, dealing with horrible health problems and more procedures in my future, I'm not really living just surviving. Guess I'm just on auto pilot. It's hard to really feel much now, I feel numb most of the time. I know that's not a good way to live, it's just been that way since my mom died. I'm sure you all are having a blast with my mom, and my two babies. Have fun playing catch with your favorite ball. Believe it or not but Becky has talked about you all, and has said how much she misses you all. She's getting so big, starts kindergarten in August. We love you, miss you, and want to see and hear you as well as Sweetums, Brownie, and Oreo very soon. Love you my baby boy, hugs and kisses from us!
Please also visit Brownie Blythe, Oreo and Sweetums.
Click here to Email Jaime & James a condolence, or to send an E-sympathy pet memorial card click here.


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CompuLab, an Israeli maker of embedded computing products, has announced a tiny, bare-bones computer called the Utilite that will sell for $99 and up.It's just 5.3 inches by 3.9 inches by 0.8 inches, which means it is just slightly larger than a pack of 100 index cards. Yet inside it has a powerful Freescale i.MX6 system-on-a-chip, with an ARM Cortex A9 processor at its heart, with one, two, or four cores. The device will have up to 4GB of RAM and can contain a hard drive with up to 512GB plus a microSD card with up to 128GB of storage.Now the "up to" phrasing: That comes from the company's spec sheet, which is vague on what the minimums will be, or what the device will cost at various configurations. All we know is that the undefined minimum configuration will cost about $100. It will run Linux or Android.What's not so vague: CompuLab has packed a lot of I/O capabilities into a tiny, elegant-looking box, including two Gigabit Ethernet ports, Bluetooth 3.0, Wi-Fi b/g/n, four USB 2.0 ports, stereo line-in and line-out, and HDMI and DVI-D ports for your display. Its draws just 3 watts to 8 watts of power. In short, this is pretty much everything you'd need in a desktop computer in a space about one third the size of its keyboard.For the promised price, however, you could buy four Raspberry Pi computers — but remember that the Raspberry Pi is very bare-bones and doesn't even include a case, so with the Utilite you're paying for the packaging.Still, it looks like this could be an economical and convenient way to stick a computer anywhere you might need one: under your dashboard, in your backpack, next to your TV, or in a kitchen cabinet.
via New computer is the size of a pack of index cards, costs $100 | VentureBeat.
Why mess around with a tiny touchscreen interface when you can run your android OS from your big screen TV—or really any screen for that matter? This prototype dongle, codenamed Cotton Candy, is designed by Norwegian company FXI Technologies. It's about the size of a normal USB stick, 8cm x 2.5cm and 21 grams, but packs both USB 2.0 and HDMI-out plugs. It's powered by a dual-core 1.2-GHz Samsung Exynos ARM CPU—the same one that powers the Galaxy S II—and employs a microSD card slot for data storage. It also includes 802.11n Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity. Cotton Candy currently uses the Android 2.3 OS but can also support Ubuntu as well as a virtualization client for Windows, Linux, Mac. The device is designed to work on anything with a screen and USB port—TVs, laptops, smart phones, anything. You can hook it up to a HDTV and stream 1080p videos from the net. When you hook it up to a computer, either Windows or Mac, it will run android applications in a secure window—essentially creating a dumb terminal. While the final price and release date haven't yet been set, FXI estimates the device will cost under $200 when it does go on sale. [FXI Tech via Laptop Magazine]
Computers the size of a pack of index cards or smaller under $200
Posted on 18 Jul 2013
Posted in: Technology


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MSc in Economics
This Master programme is recommended for students with a good technical background who wish to obtain a rigorous, in-depth education in economic theory and policy at the graduate level, to prepare a successful career in research or as professional economists working for central banks, the banking industry, government institutions, and international organizations or as economics and finance consultants. The Masters degree consists of one year, full-time, of coursework, plus one semester for the production of a dissertation. In the first year, the two semesters are focused on providing strong foundations on the core subjects (microeconomics, macroeconomics and econometrics), while allowing students to choose four additional courses in field subjects (or extra courses in the core subjects). In the third and final semester, students are expected to undertake research under the supervision of a faculty member, with the support of a course of seminars in economic research.
Compulsory components
There are five compulsory components of the coursework that should be highlighted. Students are required to:
- Attend a one-week preparatory course in mathematics and statistics;
- Take two compulsory modules in each of the three core areas;
- Choose four elective modules from a list of additional courses;
- Attend a seminar course in economic research in the third semester;
- Write a dissertation of up to 10,000 words.
Tuition 2016/2017
MSc. inEconomics
|1st Year
|€ 2.400,00
|2nd Year (dissertation/project)
|€ 1.600,00
This tuition includes:
- Free access to all IBS facilities and general services.
This school offers programs in:
- English
Last updated May 12, 2017


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Norwich City will face Chelsea in a England Premier League football match on 06-10-2013. All football fans can catch the Norwich City vs Chelsea football match preview, live score and prediction through us. The match will start on 1:30 PM BST at Carrow Road, Norwich, Norfolk.
Norwich City football club belongs to Norwich, Norfilk. The club was founded in 1902 and its major achievements include two League Cup and 2 FA Youth Cups. Their kit color is yellow and green. Chelsea is one of the top football clubs in the world and has already won many major titles including FA Cups, league titles, UEFA Europa League and UEFA Champions League.
Match: Norwich City vs Chelsea
Date: 06-10-2013
Time: 1:30 PM BST
Venue: Carrow Road, Norwich, Norfolk
When compared on the basis of head-to-head matches results, Chelsea is the leading team. Out of last four matches between the two teams, Chelsea has won 3 games while 1 resulted as a draw. Chelsea and Norwich City, both have won three games from last 5 matches. Norwich City has lost two while Chelsea has lost one game.
Norwich City vs Chelsea Match Prediction:
Both teams are equally good but Chelsea is the favorite team to win the match. They have been the leading team in previous matches between the two teams so they will be more confident while coming into this match.


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Further information about this hotel will be available shortly
This hotel stands a 10 minutes' drive from the International Airport and about 50 km away to Luohu Railway Station.
Guests looking for relief from the rigors of the day will find relaxation in the sauna and massage parlor, or enjoy a little diversion by playing billiards, chess or cards. Those looking for more vigorous activity can take advantage of the hotel fitness center to burn calories. For those looking for something more social, there is also a bar and a selection of private KTV rooms on the premises.
Guests can have sumptuous Chinese, Japanese and Western cuisines, or they can enjoy barbecues on their own choices.
The hotel has various-sized meeting rooms for travelers to conduct their meetings, seminars and briefings.
Further information about this hotel will be available shortly


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New 2016 Ski Doo MXZ Blizzard 1200 (BLOWOUT PRICE!)
Regularly $12699.00 now only $10543.00 plus tax and registration fees where applicable.
1970s Ski-Doo Blizzard race sleds were legendary for having the best technology and performance. Ski-Doo is bringing back the name for 2016 with a MXZ model based on the same philosophy. It adds the latest Ski-Doo technologies with the new rMotion 129 rear suspension from the MXZx race sled, standard Ice Ripper track and the remarkable new Pilot TS adjustable skis.
- Color: Black & Yellow
- Engine 1200 4-Tec 4-stroke Rotax
- REV-XS Platform
- Pilot TS Adjustable Skis
- REV-XP Seat w/Storage
- Aluminum Handle Bars w/J-Hooks
- Electric Start
- Reverse (mechanical)
- Heated Grips
- 15" Windshield
- Multifunction Gauge (Speedometer, Tachometer, Fuel Gauge, Engine Temp)
- RAS 2 Front Suspension
- HPG Plus Shocks
- rMotion Rear Suspension
- 10.6 Gal. Fuel Tank
- 129" Track
- 1.25 Ice Ripper XT Track Lugs
- Dry Weight 527 lbs
- 6-months standard warranty
Buyer Pick-up Only, Shipping is NOT Available
Buyer Must Be Present In Dealership to Finalize Deal
Local Delivery Available (please ask before buying)
Tax, Title, License & Freight Fees Extra Where Applicable
Financing Available Through Sheffield Financial
This Snowmobile can be seen at:
Lithgow Motorsports
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1121 S Dixie Hwy
Hoopeston, IL 60942
Phone: 217-283-5171
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text:
Bakery to act over rat issue
PETALING JAYA: A bakery franchise will temporarily close its outlet in Mid Valley Megamall after pictures showing a rat on a tray of bread at the store went viral.
In a Facebook post, Komugi Malaysia yesterday apologised for what it described as an "unfortunate incident".
It said the closure was an immediate measure to assist the relevant authorities in their investigations.
"Komugi takes note of the incident and would like to apologise for any inconvenience to customers."


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(If you have interest or any questions regarding the Ministries, contact any Minister and they will lead you in the right direction!)
(If you have interest or any questions regarding the Ministries, contact any Minister and they will lead you in the right direction!)
The Chancellory
Chancellor: Hellissa
The Chancellor of the Magus Senate of Dalaran is the leader of the mage body within the City-State of Dalaran. The office of the Chancellor directly oversees the Chancellory that works to ensure both the Senate body and the Cabinet are able to effectively carry out their duties.
Ministry of Academics
Minister: Fuerel
The Ministry of Academics is charged with the education of the mages of Dalaran and the gathering of artifacts and education. Its team of learned teachers provides world class education in a variety of fields for anyone who wishes to learn. Are you interested in being a student or teacher? Contact the Minister today!
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Minister: Elberich
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the government department responsible for maintaining foreign relations with Dalaran. It is comprised of Ambassadors, Diplomats, and various other officials Dalaran and the Magus Senate. They are responsible for overseeing the diplomatic relations with other nations and organizations across Azeroth.
Ministry of the Interior
Minister: Salazar
The Ministry of the Interior is responsible for policing and security in the City of Dalaran and its territories, disaster management and prevention, the investigation and enforcement of Dalaran's laws, as well as maintaining the Violet Hold.
Ministry of War
Minister: Vanidicus
The Ministry of War is responsible for the military actions undertaken by the Senate. The ministry is also responsible for the planning and execution of field expeditions, deployments, and observations while acting as a front-line defense for other magi in the field.


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Deals of the Day: News Roundup
News roundup from Australian and offshore newspapers, news wires and websites on Monday, December 19, 2011. Deal Journal Australia has not verified the stories from other media organizations and does not vouch for their accuracy.
Exxon woos GKP to gain Kurdish base
US oil supermajor Exxon Mobil is understood to have sounded out London-listed Gulf Keystone Petroleum (GKP) over a possible deal that could value the Kurdistan-focused group at around £7 billion (US$10.9 billion). (Source: The Independent)
Deadline looms for UBS Australia pay agreement
A unique deal to protect part of the annual bonus pool at UBS Australia expires within weeks , say sources with direct knowledge of the matter, raising the prospect that the business may lose some top talent if it's not renewed. (Source: Reuters)


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Welcome to the NEW GM post your pictures forum.
As with every GM forum please use common sense when posting. Anything inappropriate, offensive, seriously off topic will be removed and the poster will be liable to a ban
For advice on how to post pictures follow this link to a post by bobmac about using photobucket http://photobucket.com/ which is free and easy to use
If anyone has any alternative but equally easy to use methods please feel free to share with everyone by replying to this post


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Who has won the most WWE Championships?
According to World Wrestling Entertainment, Triple H has won a total of eight WWE Championships, which is the most by any one wrestler as of March, 2010. He won his first title in August of 1999 b...
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Who has the most SEC football championships?
The University of Alabama has won a total of 22 Southeastern Conference (SEC) Football Championships, the most of any school in the conference. With 13, the University of Tennessee has the second m...
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Who won the most basketball championships of Espn?
Who has won the most Masters golf championships?
As of June 2010, Jack Nicklaus has the most victories in the Masters, a golf championship held annually in Augusta, Georgia, since 1934. Nicklaus won the Masters six times, with victories in 1963, ...
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Which Big Ten team has won the most national championships?
As of June 2010, the University of Michigan has won more national championships than any other member of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan has claimed two women's and 37 men's team titles, including...
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Aon Insurance 'is a fantastic role model for Guernsey'
A 'MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL business with Guernsey values' was how one of the judges described Aon Insurance Managers, the Guernsey Business of the Year for 2016.
Another said the company, which revealed impressive financial performance – including all but doubling profits in 2016 and employing 28 new people over a two-year period – was 'inspirational, a fantastic role model for Guernsey and how we can punch above our weight on the international stage'.
Managing director Paul Sykes thanked the States for supporting the island's growing insurance industry.
'The States gives the Guernsey insurance industry great support and I hope we will pay that back. We appreciate the support we receive and long may it continue,' he said.
Mr Sykes said that the spirit and effort demonstrated by Aon was being reflected across the local insurance industry.
'We don't want to be the only show in town. As much as it would be great to have a monopoly on the business, we won't catch up or come close to Bermuda without other firms joining in.
'We have been working with GIIA [the Guernsey International Insurance Association] to socialise our successes and to bring more firms to the table to do what we do.'
Mr Sykes also thanked the staff of more than 80 for their efforts. 'Hopefully they will enjoy this recognition and feel enthused and invigorated,' he said.
Comments for: "Aon Insurance 'is a fantastic role model for Guernsey'"
I wonder who took the photo, personally I would have used the star studded backdrop to capture the glamor of the moment , rather than have the walls and celling in the photo too.


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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
while sleeping in my bed at 6am naked I was awakened to a warrant police officer on my fire escape peering into my open window telling me to open the door he never stated that he was a officer I screamed for him to get off my fire escape and he kept shouting for me to open the door when I open the door I was told that there was a complaint written against me and that a detective wanted to speak to me the warrant officers advised me that I was not being arrested however they preferred if I came with them to the station after getting dressed I willingly did so. when asked why was a officer on my fire escape in my window while I was nude with out a warrant I was giving several bogus excuses I never had a warrant because however I checked 2 days prior i was arrested that day at the stationThe case is still pending I agreed to go because the warrant officers said that I could not meet them downtown although I was not being arrested. I never spoke to the detective however I was still arrested that day. My issue is do a male officer have a right to invade my space and climb up my fire escape without a warrant to look into my open window while im nude. they know whom they were looking for which is a female and without a warrant climbing up a fire escape into someones window seems unjust for a non violent crime GL 3rd at this point it was just a complaint
That seems a bit unusual. Why did they want you to come on? Was the issue resolved? The answer to your question as far as a lawsuit may depend on the nature of the problem.Ask a similar question
If you went to the station voluntarily I don't see an issue. Hire a criminal defense lawyer.
I am a former federal and State prosecutor and have been doing criminal defense work for over 16 years. I was named to the Super Lawyers list as one of the top attorneys in New York for 2012 and 2013. No more than 5 percent of the lawyers in the state are selected by Super Lawyers. Martindale-Hubbell has given me its highest rating - AV Preeminent - in the areas of Criminal Law, Personal Injury, and Litigation. According to Martindale-Hubbell"AV Preeminent is a significant rating accomplishment - a testament to the fact that a lawyer's peers rank him or her at the highest level of professional excellence." Fewer than 8% of attorneys achieve an AV Preeminent rating. I also have the highest ranking – "superb" – on Avvo. The above answer, and any follow up comments or emails is for informational purposes only and not meant as legal advice.Ask a similar question
When you voluntarily comply with requests of the police, such as going to the police station to answer questions, you have waived many rights that you would otherwise be entitled. In almost every situation, it is never a good idea to talk to the police. The only reason they want to talk to you is because they want to charge you with a crime. If you talk to them, anything you tell them will be interpreted in a fashion to support charging you. You should immediately contact a criminal lawyer to discuss the circumstances.
I am licensed to practice criminal and DUI law in VA, not NY. As such, I may be unaware of certain state laws; and therefore, my response may be incorrect or inappropriate. Please use my response for informational purposes only.
Good luck.
Be sure to mark the "Best Answer" or Helpful" to your questions. Attorneys on AVVO donate their time and your feedback is appreciated.
Responding to questions on AVVO does not establish an attorney-client relationship between the questioner and any attorney associated with Garrett Law Group, PLC. Responses should be considered and used for informational purposes only. Every case is unique in its facts, and all legal matters should be discussed with a licensed attorney prior to making any decisions or taking any actions.Ask a similar question
The voyeur aspect and the arrest aspect are discrete. His looking in would constitute plain view...of what exactly, not certain, and being on the fire escape may or may not be considered the "curtilage" of your apt., although an attorney would address that IF it had been the reason and caused your arrest, but it did not. So, by going down voluntarily, issue evaporates. The police can generally lie to you with impunity as to why they want you to come down to the station, and by stepping out of your home, they don't need a warrant to arrest you then or at the station if they have probable cause to arrest you.
If you found this "helpful" or "best answer," please click it with my appreciation. My response is for educational purposes and does not constitute legal advice nor creates an attorney client relationship which requires all the details and a personal conference.Ask a similar question
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text:
Guess Who Was Invited to Amber Heard and Johnny Depp's Engagement Bash
Johnny Depp and Amber Heard are getting ready for their big day. But before the "I dos" there's another big moment that needed to be celebrated in style.
The soon-to-be Mr. and Mrs. Depp invited their closest Hollywood pals to toast their future much more permanent union at their engagement soiree… and an… More »


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
My jotforms are not working! They say "Form Not Found" this form is disabled.What i have to do now?Asked by OIC on September 03, 2014 at 04:39 AM
My jotforms are not working! They say "Form Not Found" this form is disabled.What i have to do now?
Please tell me why it is not working. MY form url: http://form.jotform.me/form/42445664381458
all these form are seen as disabled.why?
Your account was suspended due to this form http://www.jotform.me/form/42451235149451 contains fields that violates our terms of use. We no longer allow login forms or sign up forms as others abuse it and use the form to phish sensitive information.
Please delete the fields or the form that cause your account to be suspended and let us know so we can re-activate your account.
i deleted that form http://www.jotform.me/form/42451235149451 what violet terms & condition. Now please re-active my account & my other forms. I never violate terms & condition later, i promise that you. please re-activate my account.
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|By AvatarHaiLi
|and Rassilon of Old
|Chapter information
|Written by
|Release date
8 February 2011
|Next chapter
The Prologue of The Kyoshi Warrior Chronicles details the death of Chin, and the creation of Kyoshi Island and its' warriors, known as the Kyoshi Warriors. The chapter was written by both AvatarHaiLi and Will94.
On the south east peninsula of the Earth Kingdom, lay the battle of Chin the Conqueror and Avatar Kyoshi. After an immense display of power by Kyoshi, Chin falls to his death when the peninsula splits, and separates from the mainland. Back in the newly named Kyoshi Island, the Avatar proposes an elite team of female warriors. A team, known as the Kyoshi Warriors.
"Kyoshi!" Pao Mo shouted. "Kyoshi has returned!" I walked across the grassy terrain, my small team following in my wake. My fingertips were still tingling from my experience in the Avatar State. Never in my life had such power flowed from me. I had created an island! An island! I was sure that no other Avatar had accomplished that before me. I dragged my large, awkward feet onto the lush garden surrounding my statue. The team that had come with me to conquer Chin stood there too, waiting as the people gathered. As the word spread, the villagers rushed around me and bombarded me with a flurry of questions.
"Avatar! What has happened?" and "what was that quake that shook the ground?" I prepared to answer them, thinking of how I would describe the powerful event I had caused. It would mean a major change for my people. Living on an island is very different from living on a peninsula.
"My friends," I began, taking a deep breath. "You know that Chin the Conqueror came to take our peninsula."
"BOO! BOO!" shouted rambunctious Pao Mo, foam beginning to collect at the corners of his mouth. I saw someone move over to calm him. I was thankful, as a case of Pao Mo's foaming mouth would not make this speech any easier. Clearing my throat, I continued.
"I told you I would not stand for this tyranny. My team and I went to the neck of the peninsula, planning to confine Chin to the land that is rightfully his, and keep him from ours." Oh dear, I thought. I had reached the hard part. "Well, this trip did not quite go according to plan." I glanced back at my team, and Koko gave me a reassuring nod. I summoned up the courage to continue. You fool, I scolded myself. You have the power to separate earth, but are too meek to explain what you have done? The strong, outspoken half of me snapped back. No! Avatar Kyoshi, meek? I am not meek!
"Chin refused to back down. I warned him that he would never invade our land, but he did not heed. As he prepared to launch his army, justice took hold."
"Kyoshi glowed it up! AVATAR STATE ACTION!" Pao Mo shouted. He had shoved his way to the front of the crowd again. I was not in the mood for his antics, but continued anyways.
"Yes, I used "Avatar State Action". Our village is no longer a peninsula. By the power of the four elements, we have separated from the mainland. It will be a harder way of living. There are beasts in this part of the sea, and they will be closer to our shores. We will need to build boats, and establish ways of communication with the rest of the Earth Kingdom."
"But Kyoshi," called out a citizen, outspoken among the rest of the shocked population. "Is it safe to go back to the Earth Kingdom? Isn't Chin still at large?" I suspected that the whole village knew the answer before I gave it.
"Chin is dead. I watched him die, not by my hand, but by his own arrogance. You know that only justice will bring peace. I suppose his army will return to their own land, after some prompting." There was a silence, as the situation sunk in. Muffled whispers subsided, and everyone stood, waiting for the silence to be broken. And who should break it but Pao Mo.
"Whooo!" he shouted, the foam beginning to pour from his mouth. "Chin is dead! We're safe! Par-tay!" The applause started with Pao Mo, but quickly swelled until the whole island had erupted in cheers. The rule of Chin had ended. However, my speech was not yet over. It was a hard decision to continue. The idea I was about to propose would endanger the lives of the people who volunteered.
"This," I shouted over the noise, "Will be the last time Kyoshi is threatened." The noise died down and attention returned to me. "I propose we set up a society of female warriors." As Pao Mo began to jump up and down with excitement, I quickly continued. "This group will be elite, powerful, and loyal. They must have the hearts of warriors, and brave blood. They will protect our island from all invaders, from now onward. This is a great honour, but a great commitment. Only the bravest may join." My daughter, Koko, stepped out from my team behind me.
"I humbly request to join the society you propose." She said, holding her head high and proud. There was a roar of approval from the crowd.
"Thank you." I said. "For accepting my proposal. I am honoured. Do any others wish to join?" I smiled and thanked the eleven other young women who pledged to join the elite team. My island would be safe. I knew it. "Now!" I shouted happily. "I think this calls for a festival!" Pao Mo proposed the name of Kyoshi Island's first official holiday.
"Happy Kyoshi Day!" he told the warriors and I. As the crowd chanted the festival title, one man pushed his way to the front of the crowd and yelled out.
"We have named the island, and the day, but what of the team?" The entire audience stood in silence. Again, my daughter stepped forward.
"Oh," she said smiling. "I think I have an idea."
My warriors continued to protect the island long after my death. They have loyally protected Kyoshi Island for hundreds of years. And when the time came, they would leave the solitude of the island, to protect the world from another great enemy.
I am honoured to tell you the story of my warriors in the Hundred Year War. The story, of the Kyoshi Warriors.
(please review in the comments section)
See more
For the collective works of AvatarHaiLi, go here. For Rassilon of Old, go here.


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First Volet'aval was a Jem'Hadar First who fought in the Alpha Quadrant during the Dominion War. He was bred specifically for combat in that war, and was promoted over many older Jem'Hadar to take the position of First aboard his ship. (Star Trek: Sigils and Unions)
His final action took place in the Lessek system, where he witnessed the first uprising of the Thirteenth Order, a joint Cardassian-Starfleet rebellion (though Volet'aval never realized there was Starfleet participation). He detected signs he could not prove that there was weapons fire going on on the surface, but due to the Dominion presence in the surface installations, he would have required permission from the Vorta commander planetside to open fire. Due to Gul Berat's jamming, he was never able to establish this link and tried to find alternate means to justify an attack. Though he suspected before major hostilities that Gul Macet had been involved in Damar's rebellion, specifically the Battle of Rondac III, he was unable to prove this in time to take pre-emptive action against the four Galor-class vessels gathered in orbit of Lessek.
Ultimately he and his comrades were defeated by the rebel forces. In his last moments, Volet'aval privately admitted to a grudging sort of respect for Cardassian gul Tayben Berat--who in spite of being what a Jem'Hadar or Vorta would consider to be a "defective," had proven his ability as a cunning and innovative fighter.


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small woo-commerce job
Budget $30-35 USD
Hi, This is a max 2 hour job for someone who is not a beginner. More work and good rating guaranteed! I need a serious WordPress, woo-commerce expert for the following tasks: 1. Set custom email text for orders on hard copies 2. Set custom email text for orders on hard copies 3. Change email receipt to be more obvious that there is a download link to retrieve your electronic purchase. Font is small and the link is lost among all of the other content. 4. The invoice form is plain, need to add ITPI Logo, maybe some borders 5. Shipping: OK there are only 5 items that need to be included in shipping information: [url removed, login to view]~itpi/shop/visible-ops-security/ - 7oz ??" 1 Book [url removed, login to view]~itpi/shop/the-visible-ops-handbook/ - 7oz- 1 Book [url removed, login to view]~itpi/shop/visible-ops-private-cloud/- 7oz ??" 1 Book [url removed, login to view]~itpi/shop/visible-ops-private-cloud-2-book-combination-pack/ - 14oz ??" 2 Books [url removed, login to view]~itpi/shop/visible-ops-the-complete-3-book-set/ - 21oz ??" 3 books So each of the books are 7 ounces. So the first 3 items are 1 book only, the 4th items is 2 books and the 5th item is 3 books. Thank you!