text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 5, 2002
|Filing date
|Aug 25, 1999
|Priority date
|Sep 16, 1998
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Dmitry Bochkariov
|Original Assignee
|Clontech Laboratories, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (44), Referenced by (8), Classifications (20), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. � 119 (e), this application claims priority to the filing date of the United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/100,554 filed on Sep. 16, 1998, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.
1. Technical Field
The field of this invention is biopolymeric arrays.
2. Background of the Invention
"Biochips" or arrays of binding agents, such as oligonucleotides and peptides, have become an increasingly important tool in the biotechnology industry and related fields. These binding agent arrays, in which a plurality of binding agents are deposited onto a solid support surface in the form of an array or pattern, find use in a variety of applications, including gene expression analysis, drug screening, nucleic acid sequencing, mutation analysis, and the like.
Such arrays may be prepared in a number of different ways. For example, DNA arrays may be prepared manually by spotting DNA onto the surface of a substrate with a micro pipette. See Khrapko et al., DNA Sequence (1991) 1:375-388. Alternatively, the dot-blot approach, as well as the derivative slot-blot approach, may be employed in which vacuum manifold transfers aqueous DNA samples from a plurality of wells to a substrate surface.
In yet another method of producing arrays of biopolymeric molecules, a pin is dipped into a fluid sample and then contacted with the substrate surface. By using a plurality or array of pins, one can transfer a plurality of samples to the substrate surface at the same time. Although such methods are efficient, they are not completely satisfactory. For example, depending the particular technique used to deposit the fluid sample, e.g. when the pin is contacted with the substrate surface, one can obtain spots of deposited fluid that have an irregular shape, spots that have a doughnut shape, or other undesirable configurations. Further disadvantages may include a lack of reproducibility.
Alternatively, an array of capillaries can be used to produce biopolymeric arrays. See WO 95/35505. Although the use of capillaries has certain advantages over other methods, problems with spot doughnut-like shape and spot homogeneity or spot reproducibility may be encountered. Specifically, present methods may result in the production of a spot with a doughnut-like shape.
In yet another method of producing biopolymeric arrays, arrays of biopolymeric agents are "grown" on the surface of a substrate in discreet regions. See e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,854 and Fodor et al., Science (1991) 251:767-773. While effective in producing arrays, such methods are complicated as a plurality of synthesis steps are required. Furthermore, the achievable length of the grown biopolymer agent is limited.
Accordingly, there is continued interest in new methods of producing biopolymeric arrays, as well as devices for use therein. Ideally, such new methods and devices should produce arrays in which the biopolymeric spots have a substantially uniform and reproducible configuration. Furthermore, the methods should be simple, require few distinct steps and be adaptable to an automated format.
Patents and patent applications describing arrays of biopolymeric compounds and methods for their fabrication include: 5,242,974; 5,384,261; 5,405,783; 5,412,087; 5,429,807; 5,436,327; 5,445,934; 5,472,672; 5,527,681; 5,529,756; 5,545,531; 5,554,501; 5,556,752; 5,561,071; 5,599,895; 5,624,711; 5,639,603; 5,658,734; WO 93/17126; WO 95/11995; WO 95/35505; EP 742 287; and EP 799 897.
Other references of interest include: Lockhart et al., Nature Biotechnology (1996) 14: 1675-1680; Shena et al., Science (1995) 270: 467-470; Schena et al., Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. USA (1996)93:10614-10619; Shalon et al., Genome Res. (1996) 6: 639-645; Milosavljevic et al., Genome Res. (1996) 6:132-141; Nguyen et al., Genomics (1995)29: 207-216; Pi�tu et al., Genome Res. (1996) 6: 492-503; Zhao et al., Gene (1995) 166:207213; Chalifour et al., Anal. Biochem. (1994) 216:299-304; Heller et al., Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. USA (1997) 94: 2150-2155; Khrapko et al., DNA Sequence (1991) 1:375-388; Lehrach et al., Hybridization Fingerprinting in Genome Mapping and Sequencing, Genome Analysis, Vol. 1 (Davies & Tilgham, eds)(Cold Spring Harbor Press) (1990) pp 39-81; and Schena, M., BioAssays (1996) 18: 427-431.
Applicator devices for depositing a fluid sample on the surface of a substrate, as well as methods for their use, are provided. The subject applicator devices are elongate in shape and have a first end and a second end. The first end is substantially planar with a circular shape. Arising from the surface of the first end is a conical protuberance. The second end of the elongate device may have a means for attaching to an automated movement means. In using the subject devices, the first end is introduced into a fluid sample and then contacted with a substrate surface, whereby a volume of the fluid sample is deposited on the substrate surface. The subject devices and methods find use in a variety of applications, particularly in the preparation of biopolymeric arrays, such as nucleic acid and protein arrays.
FIG. 1 provides a two-dimensional representation of an applicator device according o the subject invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B provide a close up views of the first end of an applicator device according to the subject invention.
FIG. 3 provides a three-dimensional representation of an applicator device according to the subject invention.
FIGS. 4A to 4C show an applicator according to the subject invention depositing fluid on a substrate surface.
The term "biopolymer" means any molecule that is composed of two or more monomeric units, where at least the monomeric units are naturally occurring or synthetic derivatives of naturally occurring monomeric units. As such, biopolymers include peptides and nucleic acids, both naturally occurring and non-naturally occurring, e.g. produced through genetic recombination techniques.
The term "peptide" as used herein refers to any compound produced by amide formation between a carboxyl group of one amino acid and an amino group of another amino acid.
The term "oligopeptide" as used herein refers to peptides with fewer than about 10 to 20 residues, i.e. amino acid monomeric units.
The term "polypeptide" as used herein refers to peptides with more than 10 to 20 residues.
The term "protein" as used herein refers to polypeptides of specific sequence of more than about 50 residues.
The term "nucleic acid" as used herein means a polymer composed of nucleotides, e.g. deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides.
The terms "ribonucleic acid" and "RNA" as used herein means a polymer composed of ribonucleotides.
The terms "deoxyribonucleic acid" and "DNA" as used herein means a polymer composed of deoxyribonucleotides.
The term "oligonucleotide" as used herein denotes single stranded nucleotide of from about 10 to 100 nucleotides and up to 200 nucleotides in length.
The term "polynucleotide" as used herein refers to single or double stranded polymer composed of nucleotide monomers of generally greater than 100 nucleotides in length.
Applicator devices for use in the preparation of biopolymeric arrays, as well as methods for their use, are provided. The subject applicator devices are elongate in shape and have a first end and a second end. The first end has a substantially planar surface that is usually in circular shape. Arising from the planar surface of the first end is a conical protuberance. The second end of the subject devices may have a means for attaching to an automated movement means. To use the subject devices, the first end is dipped into a fluid sample and then contacted with a substrate surface in manner sufficient to deposit a volume of the fluid sample onto the surface. The subject applicator devices and methods find use in a variety of applications, particularly in the production of biopolymeric arrays. In further describing the subject invention, the applicator devices will be described in greater detail followed by a discussion of methods for their use.
Before the subject invention is described further, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments of the invention described below, as variations of the particular embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the appended claims. It is also to be understood that the terminology employed is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments, and is not intended to be limiting. Instead, the scope of the present invention will be established by the appended claims.
In this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The applicator devices of the subject arrays are elongate in shape. By elongate in shape is meant that the overall length of the device is several times longer than the largest width dimension of the device, generally at least about 5 to 30 times longer, usually at least about 7 to 25 times longer, and more usually at least about 10 to 20 times longer. The applicator devices have a first end and a second end. The first end has a substantially planar surface with a conical protuberance arising therefrom. The dimensions of the first end, including the planar surface and the conical protuberance, are sufficient to be able to deposit a substantially circular fluid spot on the surface of a substrate, where the deposited spot is characterized by having a regular shape and substantially no voids or areas of little or no deposited fluid, e.g. as found in a doughnut shaped spot. The dimensions of the first end are also such that the applicator is capable of depositing spots on the surface in a reproducible fashion, such that there is substantially no variance between different spots deposited by the applicator, where by substantially no variance is meant that the surface area of any two spots deposited by the applicator under the same conditions will vary by less than about 30%, usually by less than about 20% and more usually by less than about 10%.
The subject applicator devices will now be described in greater detail in terms of the figures. FIG. 1 provides a general two-dimensional representation of a device according to the subject invention. In FIG. 1, elongate device 10 has a first end 12 and a second end 14 separated by three regions, 11, 13 & 15, of different dimension. At first end 12 is conical protuberance 16. The purpose of the protuberance 16 is to prevent the larger surface of the first end 12 of the applicator from making contact with the surface onto which probes are being deposited during use. Thus, the spacial size of direct contact of the applicator with surface is minimized by the protuberance. The area of the extreme tip of protuberance 16 is kept at a minimum, where the tip area will not exceed about 10%, usually will not exceed about 5% and more usually will not exceed about 2% of the area of first end 12. In FIG. 3, a three-dimensional view of applicator device 10 is provided. dimensions of the device may vary. Turning back to FIG. 1, the overall length of the device will vary depending on the particular application in which the device is used. For the production of the biopolymeric arrays, the overall length, 102, of the device may range from about 10 to 100 mm, usually from about 15 to 80 mm and more usually from about 20 to 60 mm.
As shown in FIG. 1, the first and second ends of the device are separated by three different regions, 11, 13 & 15. The first of these regions may have any convenient configuration but will generally have a shape in which the cross-sectional area is constant along the entire length of the region. As such, the cross-sectional shape of region 11 may be square, elliptoid, triangular, circular, pentagonal or even irregular. In a preferred embodiment, the cross-section shape of region 11 will be circular such that the region has an overall tubular shape. As the cross-sectional area of region 11 is constant along the entire length of this region, the cross-sectional area at any two points of region 11 will be the same. The length of region 11 will vary greatly, but in devices for use in the production of biopolymeric arrays, the length 104 will generally range from about 5 to 80 mm, usually from about 10 to 60 mm and more usually from about 15 to 50 mm. The width of the device along region 11, as represented by 112, generally ranges from about 0.5 to 4.0 mm, usually from about 1.0 to 3.0 mm and more usually from about 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
Adjacent to first region 11 may be a second region 13. Second region 13 may be absent. However, when present second region 13 is typically shorter than first region 11, usually at least about 4 fold shorter, and more usually at least about 10 fold shorter. As such, the length of second region 13 generally ranges from about 0.8 mm to 6.0 mm, usually from about 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm and more usually from about 1.25 mm to 2.0 mm. In most embodiments, the width of second region 13 at its base 114 is the same as the width of region 11. Also, second region 13 further differs from first region 11 in that the cross-sectional area of second region 13 decreases as one moves from one end of region 13 to the other, i.e. second region 13 has a non-constant or decreasing cross-sectional dimension as one moves away from the end adjacent to region 11 towards first end 12. to second region 13 is third region 15. Third region 15 is generally longer than second region 13, usually at least about 4 fold longer and more usually at least about 5 fold longer. As such, the length 106 of third region 15 will generally range from about 5 mm to 15 mm, usually from about 7.5 mm to 12 mm and more usually from about 8.0 mm to 10.0 mm. The width of region 15 at its base 116, i.e. at the point most distal from first end 12, ranges from about 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm, usually from about 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm and more usually from about 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm. As with region 13, the cross-sectional area of region 15 may decrease as one moves towards first end 12. The rate of decrease is substantially less than the rate of decrease of region 13. As such, the rate of decrease is typically at least about 2 fold.
At second end 14 of device 10 is means 18 for attaching to an automated movement means, e.g. a movement arm of an automated device. The precise configuration of attachment means 18 will necessarily vary considerably depending on the automated device with which the applicator device is to be used. As such, the attachments means 18 may be sufficient for attaching to the movement arm of a number of different commercially available devices, where such devices include: the Biomek™ series of devices (Beckman Instruments), Bio-Grid™ and Micro-Grid™ (BioRobotics); Flexys™ (Genomic Solutions); Q-Bot (Genetix); and the like. The particular configuration of the attachment means is readily selected by one of skill in the art in view of the particular automated device to be employed.
A critical feature of the subject applicator devices is the first end 12. First end 12 is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 2A and 2B. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B and described above, first end 12 has a substantially planar surface 22. Planar surface 22 generally has a curvilinear cross-sectional shape, and is preferably circular as shown in FIG. 2A. The diameter 122 of planar surface 22 generally ranges from about 0.1 to 2 mm, usually from about 0.15 to 1.0 mm and more usually from about 0.2 to 0.6 mm, such that the cross-sectional area of planar surface 22 ranges from about 0.007 to 3.0 mm2, usually from about 0.015 to 0.75 mm2 and more usually from about 0.03 to 0.3 mm2.
Arising from planar surface 22 is conical protuberance 16. Conical protuberance extrusion, prominence) 16 has a width or diameter at its base which is substantially less than the diameter of the planar surface from which it arises, generally being at least 2 fold less, usually at least about 3 fold less and more usually at least about 5 fold less. As such, the diameter 124 typically ranges from about 0.05 to 1 mm, usually from about 0.05 to 0.3 mm and more usually from about 0.05 to 0.2 mm. The height (length) 126 of the protuberance will be sufficient to prevent direct contact of the surface 22 to the surface onto which fluid samples are being deposited but will not be so great that fluid being transported on surface 22 does not come into direct contact with the surface onto which the fluid is to be deposited. Furthermore, the dimensions of the protuberance are sufficient to produce a substantially uniform circular fluid spot on the surface of a substrate, typically being from about 0.05 to 1.0 mm, usually from about 0.05 to 0.5 mm and more usually from about 0.05 to 0.2 mm.
The applicator device of the subject invention may be fabricated from any convenient material, where the entire device may be fabricated from the same material or may be fabricated from a plurality of different materials, e.g. where region 11 is fabricated from a material different from region 15 or where one of the regions is fabricated from a first material and then coated with a second material. Materials from which the applicator device may be fabricated include: stainless steel or other metals/metal alloys, plastics, ceramics, glass, quartz, and the like. In one preferred embodiment, at least the outer surface of the device, except for the planar surface 22 and protuberance 16, are coated with a material that is wetting resistant, e.g. hydrophobic, such as Teflon, and the like. In such embodiments, the amount of fluid sample that adheres to the sides of the applicator, and is therefore wasted during array preparation, is minimized. Thus, in such embodiments, the entire device may be fabricated from a first, wettable material, e.g. stainless steel, and then the sides of the device can be coated with a non-wettable material, such as Teflon, leaving only the planar surface 22 and protuberance 16 wettable.
The applicator device may be fabricated using any convenient technique, where the specific technique employed will generally depend on a number of different factors, including: the specific material from which the device is fabricated; economic etc. As such, fabrication techniques of interest include: machining, injection molding, point welding, casting; etc.
Also provided is an automated apparatus for producing microarrays that includes the subject applicator device. Such automated devices are known to those of skill in the art. Generally, such devices include an automated movement means, e.g. arm, that is operationally moved through the direction of a control unit. In such automated devices of the subject invention, one or more, usually a plurality of the subject applicator devices, is attached to the control arm. Commercially available devices with which the subject applicator may be employed include: Biomek 2000, Bio-Grid, Micro-Grid, Flexys, Q-bot, and the like.
The applicator devices of the subject invention find use in depositing fluid samples onto the surface of a solid support, where the devices are capable of reproducibly depositing a fluid sample as a substantially uniform circular spot, where the spot will generally have a diameter ranging from about 0.1 to 2.0, usually from about 0.15 to 1.0 and more usually from about 0.2 to 0.6 mm. In depositing a fluid sample on a substrate surface with the subject applicator devices, the first step is to dip (i.e. introduce and retrieve; place in and then remove) the first end of the device into a fluid in a manner sufficient such that a volume of the fluid adheres to the first end of the device. The volume of fluid that adheres to the first end of the device should be sufficient to produce the desired spot, and will generally range from about 2 to 500 nl, usually from about 5 to 200 nl and more usually from about 5 to 50 nl.
The next step is to contact the first end of the device with the substrate surface in a manner sufficient such that at least a portion of the adhered fluid is deposited onto the substrate surface, where the portion that is deposited will be at least about 30%, usually at least about 40%, and may be as high as 70% of the fluid initially present on the first end of the device, such that the volume of fluid that is deposited will range from about 0.7 to 350 nl, usually from about 2.0 to 150 nl and more usually from about 2.0 to 35 nl. Sufficient contact is generally achieved by merely placing the tip of the conical protuberance onto the surface and holding the tip in place for a short period of time, where the period of time is generally at least about 0.5 s, usually at least about 1.0 s and may be as long as 5.0 s but will usually not exceed about 10.0 s. Following contact, the applicator device is removed, leaving the deposited spot on the surface of the substrate. The process is further illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 4C. FIG. 4A shows the applicator with fluid just prior to deposition. FIG. 4B shows the applicator contacting the substrate surface during deposition. FIG. 4C shows the applicator pulling away from the substrate surface following fluid deposition.
The substrates onto which the fluid is deposited with the subject applicator device may be fabricated from a variety of materials, where the substrate may be flexible or rigid. For flexible substrates, materials of interest include: nylon, both modified and unmodified, nitrocellulose, polypropylene, and the like, where a nylon membrane, as well as derivatives thereof, is of particular interest in this embodiment. For rigid substrates, specific materials of interest include: glass; plastics, e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, and blends thereof, and the like; metals, e.g. gold, platinum, and the like; other materials, e.g. silicon, silicon monoxide, and the like; etc. The substrates may be fabricated from the same material, or be composites of a plurality of different materials. Furthermore, the substrate surface may be treated with an agent which imparts desirable properties to the substrate surface, e.g. charge, the presence of desired functional groups, etc., where such treatments are known to those of skill in the art.
The subject applicator devices find use in a variety of applications where one wishes to deposit a fluid sample onto a substrate surface. In particular, the subject invention finds use in the production of arrays of biopolymeric agents, such as nucleic acid arrays, protein arrays, etc. Where arrays of biopolymeric agents are produced, the fluid sample that is deposited onto the support surface is generally an aqueous sample (or aqueous organic blend) comprising a biopolymeric agent, where the biopolymeric agent may be: a nucleic acid, e.g. oligonucleotide, polynucleotide; a peptide, e.g. poly peptide, protein; or other biopolymeric agent. As such, the subject invention finds use in the production of a variety of different kinds of arrays, including nucleic acid arrays, protein arrays, and the like. Such arrays find use in a variety of different applications, including: life science research applications, e.g. gene expression analysis, gene sequencing, drug screening, toxicology testing, etc.; clinical applications, e.g. diagnostics, etc., and the like.
Also provided by the subject invention are kits that include the subject applicator device. Kits of the subject invention at least include an applicator device having a conical protuberance at a first end and instructions on how to use the device to deposit a fluid sample (e.g. to produce an array of spots), on the surface of a substrate, where the instructions may be included in the kit as a package insert and or present on the packaging of the kit. The kit may further include one or more additional components, depending on the purpose for which the kit is designed. For example, the kit may further include a substrate and reagents necessary to produce a plurality of different biopolymeric fluid samples for deposition on the substrate surface. In addition, the kits may also comprise other mechanical components necessary to make arrays, such as a means for assembling an array of applicators that can simultaneously deposit fluid samples on a substrate surface.
It is evident from the above discussion that the subject invention provides for the production of improved biopolymeric arrays. The particular design of the subject invention provides for the deposition of fluid spots which are substantially uniform and circular in shape. Furthermore, the subject devices are able to produce the spots in a reproducible fashion. As such, the subject invention provides for a significant improvement over the current array production technology.
All publications and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. The citation of any publication is for its disclosure prior to the filing date and should not be construed as an admission that the present invention is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior invention.
Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, it is readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of this invention that certain changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the appended claims.
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Owner name: CLONTECH LABORATORIES, INCORPORATED, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BOCHKARIOV, DMITRY;REEL/FRAME:010393/0352
Effective date: 19991007
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Effective date: 20061105


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How many of you have stuff in the wardrobe that is so old that eventually it comes back into style? I'm sure there is a few of you that ran across this phenomenon.
But if you're anything like me though, you just can't seem to wear it again even though it comes back. Maybe it's the memories associated with the particular item. I have to give it away. Now, if it's someone else's used stuff, then game on!
Where am I going with this you ask? Let's look at the printing industry. Printing has been around for centuries, and let's be honest, not much has changed a lot in the past four or five hundred years. Sure we have cool new colors and the machines that put the ink on the paper look a little different, but the overall concept remains the same. So where does that leave us?
Enter the digital age. Today, everyone is bombarded by digital advertising, whether it is through an advertisement through an app or a Facebook page or mobile ad or a link through twitter. Well, if you're like me again, those things can get very easily ignored simply from the sheer quantity of stuff out there. Eventually, nothing looks different. Nothing stands out. Nothing catches your eye… because you're viewing it through the same 4″ screen.
That's what excites me about printing. To me, it's the most valuable advertising mediums, because it lasts. The things that are printed have staying power as though it seems. If something is well designed and has a clever concept, I may just keep it for a while just because I like the cleverness of it. All the while I keep it, that company's brand image is being tattooed on my brain. Next time I think of that type of product or service, chances are I'll think of that cleverly designed, printed message.
Not only that, but there is a handmade movement happening right now in manufacturing and in the retail setting. People want to know that the stuff they buy is made by real people – not only that, but extremely skilled craftsmen – who have hopes and dreams, and also believe in creating something to the best of their ability.
I know a few press operators that truly believe in producing work at the highest level. They come in pushing buttons and turning dials on sophisticated printing equipment in order to lay that ink on that crazy textured or super glossy paper so your images look perfect. They are seeking the most vibrant colors. Their eyes are tuned to not seeing a picture of a family, but a series of dots with percentages of colors. It's truly fascinating watching a master at work.
Printed advertising will create a different experience that no digital advertisement can match. Paper textures, ink colors, and overall size, pages, all create a story. The possibilities are endless. You can take them to a place, a moment when they felt young, or paint an image of something they want to achieve. Plus, viewers probably don't see printed items as much as they did in years past, so this can be a whole new sense for them.
That is what excites me about the print industry. It's not ever going away. It becomes more valuable to marketers. It may be changing, but that just means those who take advantage of it will get more out of it.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
18 December 2016,
Price realised INR 875,000
A Marble Pillar with Deities
Gujarat, India, 12th century
Intricately carved with three tiers, each depicting a central deity seated in lalitasana between two columns flanked by attendants on either side, the bottom two topped with ornate arches
35 3/8 in. (90 cm.), high
New York +1 212 636 2000
London +44 (0)20 7839 9060
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Umah Jacob
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Carved in deep relief and with exceptional openwork, this column is a classic example of the ornate medieval sculpture of Rajasthan and Gujarat. The efflorescent marble, a material appreciated across cultures for its translucence and ability to be carved in detail, was commonly used in Rajasthan and Gujarat, especially for Jain sculpture. Compare the use of honorific motifs, such as the heavenly elephants, flywhisk bearers and other mythical creatures, as well as the stylised swirls of the architecture to that of the Jain arch at the Yale University Art Gallery (see P. Granoff, Victorious Ones: Jain Images of Perfection, Ahmedabad, 2009, pp.180-181, cat.no. S 11). The intricate detail in both works demonstrate the preoccupation with architectural embellishment in Medieval sculpture from this region.
Compare with a black stone column of Vishnu sold at Christie's New York, 13 September 2016, lot 240. Although the column of Vishnu displays similar iconographical structure, with three tiers of deities and their retinue, the marble pillar is twice the size. It is also more intricately carved, the facets sculpted much more in the round in polished white marble, giving a special luster to the refined architectural details. The marble pillar, likely Jain, is clearly the work of a highly accomplished sculptor from Medieval Gujarat.
Special Notice
Lots which are Art Treasures under the Art and Antiquities Act 1972 cannot be exported outside India.
Please note that lots are marked as a convenience to you and we shall not be liable for any errors in, or failure to, mark any lot.
Private collection, Mumbai, by 2005, from whom acquired by the present owner in 2006
Pre-Lot Text
Property from the collection of a GentlemanRegistered Antiquity – Non-Exportable
A visit to the artist, who died on 9 March, in his Mumbai studio, where he discussed childhood ambitions and India's enduring i..
Works from private Indian collections lead Christie's fourth annual Mumbai sale on 18 December
Christie's specialist Leiko Coyle offers tips on collecting sculpture from the Himalayas
How to tell your Rajput paintings from Mughal, Pahari or Deccani miniatures, with the help of our specialist Romain Pingannaud
An expert guide to one of the most important events in the art-world calendar, and an index of in-depth features on Venice
Leaving behind Dubai's high-rise heart, Andrew Graham-Dixon goes in search of its low-slung soul


text:
Jack Johnson was a boxer who, in 1908, became the first black heavyweight champion.
In the early 1990s, Indiana Jones mentioned Johnson to a woman at an art auction when he began telling her the story of his time in Paris during his father's world lecture tour.
- The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles – "Paris, September 1908" (Mentioned only)


text:
- HubPages»
- Gender and Relationships»
- Relationship Problems & Advice
5 Ways To Apologize
Ways to Apologize
Do you know how to apologize properly? Have you ever been completely dissatisfied by an apology offered to you? There is more than one way to apologize. A simple I'm sorry may not always be the ideal way to communicate your regret.
Dr. Gary Chapman explains this problem and offers a solution in his new book The Five Languages of Apology . According to Chapman, we all have different requirements in an apology, and learning to speak the apology languages will help you to sincerely communicate in your most important relationships.
When I first spotted this book on the shelf, I couldn't help but think, I don't need that! If anyone knows how to apologize, it's me . I was kind of right. This seems to be my area of expertise. I am already multilingual when it comes to the art of apology.
So I bought it for my husband.
5 Ways to Apologize
Here are the 5 Languages, as outlined by Dr. Gary Chapman:
- Expressing Regret: I'm sorry
- Accepting Responsibility: I was wrong
- Making Restitution: What can I do to make it right?
- Genuinely Repenting: I'll try not to do it again.
- Requesting Forgiveness: Will you please forgive me?
Ways to Apologize: The Five Apology Languages
You see, it is one of things that really irks me about people. They just don't do it right. If everyone practiced apologizing properly, the world would surely be a better place. Now call me a perfectionist if you'd like, but you may feel the need to apologize for it later.
If you are going to bite the bullet and say you're sorry to someone you love because you were truly wrong , you need to own it. You need to accept the responsibility. And they will know if you are sincere.
This brings me to the biggest apology mistake:
"I am sorry I said your tush looks big in those pants, but…"
Anytime you add the but, you shift the responsibility from yourself to the other person. The but is usually followed by something like "I just had to be honest" or "you drove me to it" or "I couldn't help myself. " That, my friends, is not an apology. You may possibly be forgiven, but you will not see any restoration in the relationship. Restoring love and trust in a relationship takes genuine effort. An inability to apologize properly can have long lasting effects on a marriage or relationship. It can end it.
I didn't really buy it for my husband.
I read it and learned a lot about myself. Now I clearly understand why I don't feel like sorry is enough. I am high maintenance when it comes to apologies. You need to give me at least three or four of the five languages, well done. Then I can quickly forgive.
Then of course, there is the problem of throwing apologies around far too frequently and without good reason. This is where I get into trouble, I'm sorry to say. What is the problem with that? It's like crying wolf. If you do it too much, your sincerity will be questioned. Notice that apologizing for everything doesn't make you feel well.
And then there are those of us who cannot, no matter how hard we try, muster up the strength to say those two little words at all.
I know what you are thinking, but before you email this off to your significant other to point out how badly they need to learn how to apologize, wait. Finish reading. Watch the videos. Maybe you can learn a thing or two about yourself. Maybe you could benefit and learn a few new ways to apologize too.
Think about the definition of repentance. It basically means " I have changed my mind about this." The point is to communicate that effectively in an apology. The words are not completely universal. One person may feel that I'm sorry is completely adequate. Another may need to hear Will you please forgive me? or I'll make it up to you or I won't do it again.
So what does this perfectionist want in an apology? Something like this:
"Amy, my beautiful, thin woman, I am so truly sorry .You were right and I was wrong (as usual). I never should have worn my AC /DC concert t-shirt that is 20-years-old and 2 sizes too small to your high school reunion. Please forgive me. I have seen my mistake and will never do it again. I promise to wear a nice polo shirt from now on and preserve your reputation for good decent taste. I will make it up to you this Saturday by taking the kids for the day. Here is a gift certificate for a day at the spa."
Yes, in my dreams. For the record: my husband does put that shirt on now and then, but he has never really worn it out.
Why Do We Need Apologies? Do We Really Need So Many Ways to Apologize?
When you have been wronged by someone you love, some one you have trusted, someone who is supposed to love you or claims to respect you, something within you begins to cry out for reconciliation. Without it your relationship and the bond you share will be broken. The relationship may go on, but it will be only a shadow of what it was; a shadow of what it could or should be.
Keep in mind that apologizing is all about doing it for someone else. It is about letting them know you have remorse. Oh, and they know. They always know if you are sincere. Don't you recognize a fake, forced apology when you hear one? How does that make you feel about the other person? You know from experience that fake is not an effective way to apologize. It only makes the situation worse.
Learn to apologize effectively. It will save both you and the person who deserves the apology unnecessary pain.
- Marriage Fitness
Does your marriage need more than an apology to get back on track? The marriage fitness program can help you find the love and joy in your marriage again - no matter what challenges you're facing.
LOL - the AC/DC T-Shirt is definitely an offense that demands an apology! But in all seriousness, Amy, I find that so often these days, saying "sorry" lacks many of the 5 factors you outlined above. In fact, public apologies these days usually sound more like "I'm sorry you feel that way," instead of "I'm sorry I said or did something to hurt or offend you." No one wants to take any responsibility any longer. That should all change if only they would read this Hub.
This is a good hub and I do agree with Steph about how many apologies are not as sincere as they should be. I only want someone to apologize when I am hurt if they really mean it, and not just because they think a few words will make me feel better.
I completely agree that an apology is absolutely a necessary step in the repentance process. Learning how to apologize correctly is imperative to any relationship we are to engage in. Apologies in marriage are especially important, as oft times we as the offender cannot take responsibility as the cause of the hurt, and sometimes it is because we are hurt ourselves. The Languages of Apology is good council for us to follow if we want to have increased love in our lives, don't you think?
Thank you for sharing. I have read a lot of Dr Chapman books. I always believed apology can be done so many ways and it is the most humbling experience a human can go through. It is very personal. Thank you very much for providing great hub!
Love for you to be my fan!
Tatyana Gann
Hi Amy you know it does suck when you cant get a real im sorry but I am a master to this simply because when Im sorry I never say it unless I really am sorry which is alot lol but when you mean it and I mean when you mean it to me that's pretty convincing and there really shouldn't be and art to tellin that your sorry when your not when im wrong I let them know but you wouldn't believe how many people cant do this my wife for one hahaha so she shows it hey good enough for me.
A sincere apology always works in my book, but you are right about the ones with a "but" attached. The 5 languages of apology spell it out perfectly. There are many ways to apologize, but only one way to forgive. I think that for me, the most important thing after accepting an apology is not holding a grudge and letting the whole thing go. I'm sorry can't work if forgiveness isn't forthcoming. Thanks for another good one, Amy.
What a great topic for an article. How to apologize, really is a multi-step process in order for a true apology to be effective. Of course, that is if we truly are sorry and hope to not ever repeat that which hurt or offended another person. Not that this is always possible, but how do we know when a person has really really apologized for something that was hurtful?
Words are only as good as the actions that follow those words. When a person apologizes for a wrong which they have committed, true repentance means a change in actions. This change is what needs to be seen and felt by someone who has need of an apology.
When we apologize just for the sake of peace or whatever, and really don't believe, nor are really willing to accept, other than our words - that what we have done was all that bad, then most likely our apology will not be complete, and the issue will return.
If we desire to truly apologize for something we have done, then we must understand just how important it is, that we not only say "I'm sorry", but that our actions follow-up to complete a true show of remorse.
Also, it is my belief - that there is never an apology given, without also the process of forgiveness going hand in hand. Repentance and forgiveness are equal partners in order for a relationship to flourish. This, must come from both individuals for a complete healing.
Great Hub:-)
Dear Amy, if we would have only used the sincere apology many more times in our lives, many our problems wouldn't have been our problems any more. Thank you very much for this wonderful hub about 5 ways to apologize. All videos are very short, yet so powerful and well presented.
I think I would like your husband - my wardrobe has a few classic clothes from bygone eras hidden away for nostalgic moments lol
I have soooooo much practice at apologizing that Dr. Chapman could have just called me up for his research.
Good hub as usual. My only addition is that I think it is okay and even necessary to apologize to our kids when we screw up. It is also a valuable teaching moment to apologize to someone, especially a spouse in front of a child. It models many good practices for them.
I didn't say it was easy, I just think it is valuable.
Thanks for another good hub. NEIL
My wife has taught me the lesson about not using "but" along with an apology, and I'm coming around...
"but" I still slip every once in a while ;-)
Dear Amy,
Your article is right on. When a person apologizes it diffuses the argument or issue immediately. I like a clean slate everyday communicating with everyone, especially business clients. Thanks again!
very good!! and you know I think the constant o i'm sorry people say for nothing is so annoying....but i'm a sucker for a heartfelt apology. I'm in their corner and eager to forgive most of the time.
such valuable information amy....thank you!
LoL! Very good Hub.
I love this hub! This so true sayit if you mean it if not don't bother. Great Hub
Very good advice. Too often in an effort to protect our own ego, we simply cannot (or will not) admit that we were wrong. This is when the "I'm sorry, but .." excuses are used.
If we could just learn to take responsibility for our actions and to admit when we are wrong, quit trying to be right all the time, as you said, the world would be much better place to live.
nice advice. I guess the key about winning is not about beating down opponents but get what you want.
Nice hub! Thanks for the input
readin everythin ,everything seemed perfect.. i too believe in true apologizing,but ii wanna ask u one thing... i dont no if its a good thing or a bad but i aologize too often ,at times evn on da cost of my self respect.!i dont no watz more imp in life... ONES SELF RESPECT OR APOLOGY!
Apologies can go a long way, if done right! Dont apologize unless you really mean it. And if you mean it then you should take the advice from this hub.
Great Hub. Apologies are sooo hard to do. Mainly because they should be meaningful, heartfelt with no buts. We have rule in our house, we never go to bed without kissing goodnight and saying I love you. Love is never having to say you are sorry...but sometimes you have to!
"I'm sorry, but…" is an absolute no-no. Either you are truly sorry for what you have said or done, regardless the circumstances, or you're not.
As far as the languages are concerned: to me there's only one language, the language of the heart.
Apologies (at least sincere ones) are in short supply these days. Everywhere you turn, in the media, at work, at your kids' school - Gosh, even here at HubPages, you'll see people making mistakes but not owning up to it. Trust is founded on people accepting responsibility for wrongdoing. If we can't even get to that first step, then the entire basis for the relationship may be shattered. I really enjoyed reading this Hub.
I think a heartfelt apology is essential to forgiveness. When you have been wronged, you need to know that the person who wronged you is truly sorry for it. If they aren't how can the relationship continue? You don't trust that person anymore.
There is someone in my life who I REALLY want to forgive, but I can't because they can't, don't won't? Apologize. When this is the situation I believe the only thing you can do is live your life without that person.
Very good hub amy jane ...I find myself needing this information at this time in my life. I have reunited with my X and I was not sure I wanted this. It is all about this subject. We seem to keep slipping back into the same issues ...You know the deal ...first time shame on you and then the next time shame on me. Maybe this book could help to get it right.
My best to you!
Perfect! I just has a discussion about 'apoloigizing' with my significant other. It's the sincerity that is always missing when the apoloigizing occurs. I'm trying to teach this to my son and believe me, it's hard! Thanks for this!
Some very good points. Next time I'll know how to give the perfect apology. Thanks.
Thank you for sharing it is something all of us should great article !!!!
I think the key is to look at the matter from your own perspective. What I mean is that if you apologize because you think or expect that the other person wants that or feels comforted you're already on the wrong track. You should apologize because YOU feel you have done something wrong or made a mistake.
This is a beautiful hub to reflect on. Owning up to our mistakes and sincerely apologizing for it can make a huge difference in our relationships. :)
Hi Amy, nice hub. Especially, I liked the not-using-but point :)
Hi amyjane I just wanted to share this with you and your readers about an apology that I just made to a fellow hubbist now remember Ive been in constructio for 20 years anyway this was a sorry from the heart and now they are my fan as well as I am theres plz. take a lookhttp://hubpages.com/hub/So-You-Want-To-Hire-A-Cont...
wow... I've just learnt so much about apologizing! I never realized before the real meaning of the different ways of apologizing. Thanks for sharing this, a good and sincere apology said on time can save a relationship!
Amy, you did a great job on this hub. I think no matter how sincere we think we are in apologies there is always room for improvement. I have never read The Five Languages of Apology but I have read the Five love languages by the same author, so now I've read your hub I wlll have to make reading this book a priority.
I loved this. I'm very sticky about the apologies I receive, too. If it's not sincere, I'll usually forgive, but I'm still quite hurt. When I was a teenager, I stopped apologizing if I didn't truly feel sorry. It was a rather over-the-top response to my little sister's accusation of insincere apologies.
However, it didn't work. Although I only apologized, and apologized nicely with no caveats, when I felt honestly bad for what I had said/done, my sister still accused me of being insincere. It was really quite irritating.
One should always accept their mistakes and ask for forgiveness. As acceptance is a sign of humility. Amy a Great hub.
Great hub! I find that since I got married, I am doing 10x more apologizing than I did as a single dude. Lots of good tips and advice.
What a new and good topic! We all need to realize the importance of those words. So many people do not use words like thank you, excuse me, and I am sorry.
I had a hard time with that one myself when I was younger but someone pointed it out to me and I noticed it. It took a long time to correct it but it sure did make a big difference in my relationships when I did.
We all need to hear those words when someone has hurt us in some way!
That short and quickly uttered word "but" actually ruins the whole attempt for apology. Sounds simple when read, but has already become an internal habit of me :-(
Very profound and, regretfully, true-to-life thoughts, Amy. Thanks for sharing!
Regrettably so I am far to cynical and facetious to ever appologize. But I would like to appologize for any offense that might have been taken when I wore my 20 year old AC/DC shirt 2 sizes to small for my mid-drift during my reading of this hub.
(it's almost scarey how Amy knows what I am wearing)
I will throw it out immediately and replace it with my much more in style 13 year old KISS muslce shirt.
Amy Jane, I do, most sincerely apologize for not reading this hub sooner. Isn't the AC/DC shirt just part of a man's boyish charm? I must admit that I would never wear that shirt. Mine is a Deep Purple shirt from 1986. Can I keep wearing it if I apologize each time?
if only i can get my wife to read this.. LOL - i dont think she was ever taught how, when or why to apologize!
Great article, thanks. For me, saying I'm sorry, or you are sorry is just the first step. If I don't see a change in behavior then it means little. We are what we do, what we say, how we act and react. Words are the property of all, while actions are the depth of who we are. Tana
Love this one. It's hard to apologize sometimes, but I have to if I feel it's needed because it bothers me not to free myself of the guilt and the other person needs to hear it.
It sounds sad, but maybe it would be helpful to put the five factors in bullets so they're easier to read and think about :) I like the addition of the definition of repentance in here too; it really get the point across.
Amy, thank you for the article, it came really handy to me since I had to do an apologize to someone I deeply love, when I was trying to figure what to say, came to surf the web and found the article, God has mistery ways to give us messages, lol, it helped me a lot to try to do it right, but mostly, helped me to understand I shouldn't let my self step out of the line, thank you, and next time you have to clean windows or wax the car remember old t shirts provide smooth rags to do it, hahaha.
your presentation is simply awesome... well-written, well-researched, and well-organized.... it really made me stop and check on myself. thank you. you have educated and empowered me. hats off...
wew nice hub..
but sometimes somehow we feel so hard to say "sorry"
I am going to make this hub required reading for my 12 year old. Thanks for this insightful. pertinent hub on a subject everyone struggles with from time to time, including myself... :-)
thank you amy , for this valuable piece of information. i was very poor in those 5 languages so far.(i think ), now i am genuinely repenting.i will be thankful to you.
Sorry is very usual word and often doesn't satisfy when we are really hurt by someones act.
Wow! I totally agree with you. BTW, the blame-shifting, (that all too consistent, but,) in an apology <really irks me!> ... guys... you're not really apologizing at all when you're adding that one <tiny> word in! (And girls, too.) I never realized what an art there is to apologizing, it is something I do all too naturally.
That was a great hub, very informative.
saying sorry is also is an art, which people very rarely possess . Nice hub. loved it.
Where did that come from????
If a person says I'm sorry and then continues to go on and on about what happened, it wasn't a sincere apology. The actions following an apology and the body language speak volumes as to whether it was sincere or not. I can always tell. Good hub. I wish more people would pay attention to things like this.
Hi Amy. Nice hub! Apologizing or accepting an apology really makes a heart lighter and brings warm feeling. :) Great information.
Interesting hub. Some people have a hard time forgiving, no matter how well the apology is performed. They just want to hold a grudge for spite. I think it also depends on the severity of the offense. If you have damaged trust so severly, you will be hard pressed to be easily forgiven and even if you are forgiven you may not get that trust back.
reaaly nice piece of information...thanks
Great hub! It is so hard to apologize, and even harder to do it the right way -- thanks for teaching us how!
Just wanna let you know that i had a lot of fun just reading your post. I thoroughly enjoyed it :)
amy jane,
Good article. We all goof up now and then and owning up to our blunders is a good thing. You're right though; too many apologies is like crying wolf!
Nice tips for Apologizing.
wow what a great hub! thanks for the tips on how to apologise with sincerity.
You are so right. I know I'm not the best at apologizing. So I need that book. As does everyone else, of course. Thanks for the lead.
Amy- I agree if we apologize with out being defensive and also make sure that we don't ever repeat the same mistake again then it would send the message that the apology was sincere in the first place. Great hub.
Great Hub Amy. If we could all learn to do what we learn it would be a much nicer world.
Great Hub!
hi amy...great hub...i have enjoyed reading it...its really good to apologise for your mistake that will make you relax and also the person to whom you are saying sorry.and thanx for adding some more imotion in this sorry word...i am sure it will work.thanx anyway....have a look for this one...i am sure you will like it....
Hi Amy,
Great Hub! I absolutely love discovering (profound knowledge) something you can immediately apply to improve the quality of your life! This is what your Hub on
5 Ways To Apologize offers-quick to the point information that can greatly improve your relationships. Become a fan of mine and get your message out to everyone!
Take Care,
Hi Amy, lovely hub. Sometimes just by saying sorry, lots of problems do get resolved, ofcourse it should be sincere.
Good tips Amy,This has elicited too many rsponses.
A great hub. I am enlightened!
can anyone give me the email of the person in the video
i dunno if he's a doctor
plz i need his email
Great Hub and I've always thought if you put a "but" n there you may as well stop your apology right there lol Thx! Julie
nice hub amy!
great material
I love this advice as i do need to apologize to my sister-in-law, BUT my problem is she owes me one too, and I'm not sure I will get one. Never the less I WILL give her the very sincere apology she does deserve. I guess after that time will tell what happenens. What does happen when you don't get the apology you expect after moving heaven and earth to make sure they get theirs?
Huh? I don't get this. Wait, is this page for adults?
Hi Amy, let's see if I got this right--
"Why should I be sorry when you were the one who wore the way-too-tight pants? You should be glad I was honest so no one else has to see you that way and yes, you can count on me being just that candid in the future. No, you don't have to thank me but I would like you to apologize for saying I was insensitive because you know I am sensitive to a fault. If you rub my back I will forgive you."
I think that hits all 5 Wrong Ways to Apologize. =:)
Thank you for a great article, as you can see I can definitely use it.
thats awesome . very good thoughtful article. do you know there is a festival of apologizing in INDIA . its KSHAMAVANI. (words of apologizing). people apologize all their kith and kins and friends and colleagues for the bad words , feelings,doings and everything else wrong knowingly or unknowingly hurt in the last year till that day and wish and ask for a fresh new start .
Nice, well written article! Apologizes are important and should be said whole heartedly, not half.
Thanks for sharing!
Great article.Dr.Gary Chapman is one of my favorites.
I love what you said, without an apology the bond will always be broken.
It's like a dark shadow hanging over the relationship.
Thanks for sharing.
I really liked this article. It brought up so many good points. Each person is unique. When we are apologizing to them,it is really necessary to give the apology to them in the way that will mean the most to them. It must be honest and come from the heart. We all have had an apology that has felt vacant. It almost makes it worse. I also liked how well you combined humor and advice. You are an excellent writer. I look forward to reading your other hubs.
I think an apology should emphasize exactly what a person is sorry for, if they are truly sorry, because one is left to wonder if one truly recognizes a wrong one has caused someone. To me an "I'm sorry" leaves an apoligy empty/bottomless/without form. There is no constructive substance to it. Even an apoligy that says "Im sorry for anything or whatever I may have done to you" is worthless because there is no meaning ie; Anything and whatever is just "that" and is not specific and shows one that the person who is apoligizing isn't giving one the time of day which only makes things worse. I think there should be specific's addressed in an apoligy for it to be construed as heartfelt and genuine. I also believe when apoligies are addressed this way, it is because one is dealing with a person who is prone to too much pride/ego/stubborness. Great hub and a must read!
I love how you are so real about this subject. First, you said you bought the book for your husband, then you didn't buy the book for your husband (lol). That shows awesome humility. While insincere apologies are meaningless and hurtful, if everyone focused more on his/her own responsibility when it comes to apologizing, the world would be a better place.
Great hub,Thanks for the hub
excellent hub amy jane.
adresses precisely one of my biggest faults - apologizing.
usually when i make a mistake in a relationship, my first port of call is to justify it, more often than not by shifting the blame on the other person.
sometimes, i find myself simply walking away from a friendship just because i am too proud to admit i was wrong.
this is really eye opening, many thanks.
all the best
Great hub, I really enjoyed reading this one. I will be sharing this with my facebook followers! Apologizing is so important to a person, just the recognition that you have hurt or upset them can go a long way in healing your relationship. People are too stubborn and it ends up ruining otherwise good relationships.
3. Are there ways other than using words that you can apologize?
I found it's hard to say "I'm sorry" for most of the people.Am I surrounded by people as shallow as frying pan ? Or I'm old fashion and its not in style any more ? Perhaps I'm not valued ?
i usually say sorry for the inconvenience, but sometime our apology doesn't make any sense thinking that, it's a great insult and damping enthusiasm in others...i am really into the above suggestions. Thank you.
Sometimes to say i m sorry for what i have done, i won't do it again is nice but it makes know sence when one didn't accepet it. Thanks.
i hert my sister so badly that she dident talk to me for 5 weeks and i was realy anoyed with my self and shes my only sister i have 4 brothers and i only see two of them it was hard saying good bye and i wasent propared to say good bye to this one so i writ her a note saying sorry and it realy helped we are now best frainds and shes moving to colige this year so good look amy
What are the 5 ways to apologize?
I'm about to write a philosophy paper on "forgiveness and apology." Before I started I decided to do a quick google search. This page popped up near the top. It's an interesting topic but I have to say your insights are really only a surface level justice to the topic. There are so many other things to consider, things that rationally would oppose some of your advice (such as forgiving in the absence of an apology, or at the least questioning whether what you're doing is apologizing at all...it's more likely to be forgetting or excusing). I suppose simple, jack-of-all-trades/master-of-none type advice columns are just what the American pop-crazed culture really wants. I hope some of your readers will dig a little deeper into a topic that requires so much more consideration.
Best Apology Ideas (...and worst)
Be an Apology Star! Many of the thousands of visitors we get each month are looking for great apology ideas to deal with their own personal crisis. Learning how others successfully resolved their mistakes is an effective way to pick up important apology ideas to begin mending fences in your own personal or business life.
With this in mind, the PA team decided it would be a great idea to include a section on our site inviting our visitors to submit great Apology Ideas, or bad ones to help push us in a different direction.
One of the best ideas we received in the past was to add a little something extra to ones apology by naming a star after the person you've hurt.
Of course, a gesture such as naming a star may not be appropriate for all mistakes, but, for many situations, we believe it will go a long way towards satisfying key elements of a perfect apology—the gesture is very thoughtful and obviously takes some time and effort, which means the relationship is important to you and worthy of mending.
So, this is the place to share your successes and failures, tell us your story or share your ideas, and help our visitors improve their apologies.
If you've received a great apology tell us about it …
Was it written or verbal? Did it come with a gift? A song? A poem? Was it romantic? What made it special?
If you received an apology that really stunk.... let us know about that too! We can all learn from others' mistakes... and we all love to comment on those!
If you've given a great apology, inspire us and let us know how clever you are!
And if the apology you gave flopped... get other people's opinions on why and maybe some of our readers can help you make things right again.
i made one of my friends mad because i got him in trouble with the principal..hes my crush and i really want to apologize to him hes my homie and i love him but i cant just say im sorry.... Thanks Mr.Chapman :)
i screamed at my gf ,,, we split up after that ,for five month we did not speak at all ,,, a month back we started to chatting ,,, she is 600 miles away ,,, we decided to give us a new start ,, i have told and written to her how deeply sorry i am ,,,i have not been able yet to giive her a proper sorry as we still far apart ,,,she is always bringing up the night i screamed at her ,,which i have given a four stage applogy for ,i feel she wont let go wont forgive Help what can i do . we like yo yo s every time we get a bit seriois she lets me have it with how i hurt her ,,, I just want to stop living in the past
Strange knowing how to simply apologize can elude us sometimes. This is very good advice.


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In Windows, it is not so obvious how to import a physical disk into a virtual machine. Therefore, I did some research, quickly found what I needed but as I had to use it more and more often, I wrote a batch script to do the work. This script will have the following functionality:
I am checking on many old hard disk drives of my company at the moment. I connect them using a USB-to-IDE cable and because there is a live disk encryption installed, I boot the disks with VirtualBox. Now the problem is that every time you change the disk, you have to create a new import-link file for that disk so that the correct parameters are set. So to make it nice and easy, I created this script.
Usually, you would do the following to import a physical disk into Virtual Box. First, you need to find out which number your physical disk was mapped to. You can accomplish that by running 'diskmgmt.msc' and finding your disk there, It will look something like this:
Then you start a command prompt with administrator privileges, navigate to your VirtualBox install directory ('that one where VBoxManage.exe is located) and run the following command:
VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename C:\sd.vmdk -rawdisk \\.\PhysicalDrive#
where # is the disk number you have found. This will (if successful) create a small file 'C:\sd.vmdk' which you can then use in VirtualBox.
Basically the script is a wizard - just start it and follow the instructions.
When the script starts, it checks if it has administrative privileges. If it doesn't, the command-line text turns red, a VBS script is created that starts the script again with administrative privileges (prompting if configured in Windows) and than exits the first instance.
After that (assuming administrative privileges have been granted), it reads the Registry finding the install path of VirtualBox. If it could not be found, an error is shown.
Then it lists all physical drives installed and prompts for you to input the number of the disk to create a link file from - or to press [C] to cancel.
The scripts always chooses the file 'PhysicalDisk#.vmdk' in the same directory as the script as the target file. If the target file exists, you are asked if you want to overwrite it.
If everything went good (the scripts if the file was created), the text turns green - if not it turns red - and a fitting message is printed.
When you started VirtualBox, go into your virtual machine's settings and switch to the 'Storage' section.
Click at 'Add Hard Disk' at the controller, click 'Choose existing disk', navigate to the created file and select it.
If this message pops up, you most probably did not start VirtualBox with administrator privileges.
To remove the virtual disk from VirtualBox, start the 'Virtual Media Manager' in the 'File' menu of VirtualBox, select the disk and click on 'Release' - then you can remove it.
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)


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Wellness facilities, bar food, catering
Perfect brekfast and nice sweeming pool.
we were with our 4 months baby and the pool facilities are great for babies. 5 saunas - excellent experience! :) Also, I really liked that after the check out we still could use the Spa center as well as bathrobes - very convenient and relaxing
Excellent breakfast, comfortable room, and fantastic pool. Location could be better but hotel amenities compensate for that.
Breakfast buffet, swimming pool, garage Room cleanliness, location
Excellent spa facilities, extremely clean. Fantastic breakfast. Very friendly staff. We stayed in early July when Berlin was extremely hot. The lack of air conditioning made it uncomfortable in the room overnight.
pleasure a bit far from city center
I like the concept of this hotel, healthy food, wellness, allergi beds
Nice area around the hotel - river, parks, 15 minutes walk to the nearest U-bahn station. The tapas bar has a limited menu, high prices and slow service. The spa and the swimming pool, which were one of the advertised benefits which determined our choice, were closed for annual repairs and there were no preliminary warning about this anywhere - at the website or during booking, etc. Wifi is available only in public areas on the 4th floor and there are no wires for LAN-connection in the room or at the reception (only a socket) - so you have to go up and down with your laptop and share the sofas with other Internet surfers. The hotel is far away from downtown - about 40 minutes by metro. There is constant noise from airplanes that fly to Tegel and passby. Russian channels on TV were not working, albeit were listed as available.
The wellness area with sauna and a sunshine terasse where you can have drinks and food The staff wasn't able to cope with too many people oredring food and drinks. If people have problems with some loud airplanes crossing during the day than they have to stay inside. During night it is very quite
Very friendly and helpful staff. Excellent location With a cobbled street outside, the road was noisy early in the morning.
Hotel staff is very kind. None
Very helpful and enthusiastic manager who gave us lots of useful advice.
The room was quiet and comfortable; the staff freindly and helpful and the choice of breakfast was excellent
I liked the cleanliness of the room. Additionall, the free breakfast was basic, but the items they had were surprisingly good. The room was a little smaller than expected
Superb service, very clean rooms, good breakfast, attractive surroundings of the hotel - old town, lovely restaurants and also green parks for runners, proximity of U-bahn, availability of guarded parking lot... We were extremely satisfied with the hotel and will come back, for sure! Nothing at all
Excellent breakfast. Not far from station railway/S-Bahn/U-Bahn. Wifi in the rooms. A car can be left overnight for free near the hotel.
Hotel staff were really friendly and helpful. The room was modern and clean, the bed really comfy and shower great too. Although Spandau is about 20 minutes on thr train to the centre, the transport links are great and the town itself is a nice place to stay - would definitely recommend this hotel.
A friendly family-run hotel which was an ideal base to explore Spandau and Berlin. Fabulous for cycling (the hotel has 2 bikes available free of charge to guests). Excellent breakfast. No dinner available in hotel but would recommend nearby Kolk restaurant (5 mins walk). Hotel does not have its own car park but provides permits for on-road parking nearby or a discounted rate in the local multi-storey car park (less than 5 mins from hotel). We were always able to find on-road parking and experienced no problems with security.
Nice hotel. Quiet. Good breakfast. Far from the center. Too much light in the room (had to use a night mask).
clean and comfortable. friendly staff. kind of far from city center and metro station. couldn't buy any food near the hotel. breakfast was not included. no free wifi service.
Very clean, comfortable, and had a lovely courtyard garden area, and in a relatively quiet setting, with free internet use. Only the hotel receptionist spoke any English. Whilst the hotel was in a quiet setting, it was however noisy with air traffic being close to the airport. it was too far for me from tourist sites, because I have reduced mobility and health problems and because of this I opted to move into the city centre to see more.
Very good standard hotel with comfortable bedrooms and a good breaksfast. Although the hotel is outside of Berlin centre it is well connected through public transport
Close to S-Bahn, free parking, ideal for a short city trip
Tea & coffee making facilities in bedroom would have been good.
Proximity to messen halle
Fair price, clean and quiet. n/a
Very good breakfast buffet
The room was of good proportion, and a gasstation around the corner. It wasn't possible to get anything to drink or eat outside of the breakfast hours. Very strange, because there were no thee and/or coffee supplies in the room and no lunchroom in the neighbourhood. Unfortunately there was no restaurant nearby, you had to walk for about half an hour. The staff wasn't very kind, and the hotel was very noisy at night. Not a good choice if you wish to sleep at 22:00
Location very nice place for cost
Quiet location. Staff is very good and the breakfast is also quite nice.
friendly staff, nice breakfast buffet, good rooms. nowhere to buy for example a coffee or soda until the bar opened in the evening.
Clean, friendly hotel in the middle of Spandau Forest, attached I think to a Lutheran school and conference center. Close to Tegel Airport as the sparrow flies, but actually not that close if you're taking public transport. Still, a very serviceable charming place.
The tranquility of the location yet its easy access to Berlin. Good sized rooms and comfortable beds. Breakfast choices excellent. Not enough information about which bus services go to Johannesstift (where VCH-Hotel Christophorus is located) from Spandau on the internet hotel website. It needs to quote the bus service identification M45. On our arrival we had to take a taxi because we could not find anyone in Spandau who knew it (and/or understood our poor German skills!)
It was a very quiet place to stay and adequate. The room we stayed in was somewhat modular - the beds, beside tables and desks built into the walls. The bathroom was somewhat modular as well. But it all seemed very clean and it was comfortable. The setting of the hotel is somewhat different - back in a group of buildings (other hotels perhaps) on a tree-lined court with a church at the end of the court-yard. It gave the impression of some sort of closed community but it apparently wasn't. It is situated at the end of a bus line that takes one into the center of Berlin in about 30 minutes and the bus runs from very early in the morning to late at night. This turned out to be very convenient for us. Also the brkfst they serve is exclnt Contrary to the e-mail I received from you, their wireless internet service is not totally free. They provide 30 minutes of free service but anything over that is like 2 euros an hour. Please don't advertise free service unless it is. This can be very disappointing and cause some grief between the customer and the hotel staff - the customer insisting that they were assured of free service and the hotel saying that the internet reservations people are wrong. The staff at this hotel weren't extremely friendly (perhaps seeming a little resentful that they had to deal with English) - but very efficient and business-like. Perhaps it's just the German way.
Nice quiet location in a Christian community. Excellent breakfast. The shower cabin is a bit bigger than normal so you can actually move your arms when you're inside. The room is not so big.
It's a very nice, modern looking hotel with friendly staff and a great breakfast. Very small minus's 1) bed was a bit to hard for me. (but they tried to help it, so very friendly) 2) swimpool isn't in the same building as the hotel but a few minutes walking away (in a nice environment). But was informed about that in advance so no real minuspoint. Big minus, I found, was that you have to pay for internet access. It doesn't suite hotels to ask a surcharge for online connectivity in 2010. (But hey, the hotel I'm currently in also charges for online connectivity) ... But all in all, a nice hotel and good jump off point for my business trips in and around Berlin.
An ideal choice for those seeking a quiet, relaxing break in Berlin, with a wonderful location in the Spandau Forest. The rooms were extremely clean and the staff were very helpful and efficient. Breakfast was very good and overall this hotel represents excellent value for money. Some might find it a little too quiet and out of the way, however there is a bus terminus just outside the hotel with a regular link to rail connections in Spandau.
By my mind its all OK
Late arrival was no problem. And it was a quiet room.
The staff were very helpful and freindly.the hotel was spotlessly clean. Location noisey,but expected in a city.
central location room a little hot
I did not like anything,and this is the last time for me to stay in your hotel
location room wass to small for the price!!!
Excellent location immediately adjoining an Inter-City railway station. Hotel clean and very tidy. Breakfast VERY poor value especially in view of numerous catering outlets at and near station, but beware McDonalds, behind hotel, does not seem to open early fro breakfast
Great staff Great place. Thanks hotel Ibis
Too expensive breakfast.
very quick check in and check out, nice quiet area, warm room, nice staff bathroom needs to be refurbished, carpet and chair should be changed, wireless internet signal should be strengthen (the connection was occasionally lost), thin walls and bed
I stayed here because the apartment I had reserved in town e-mailed me to say they were booked after I had made the reservation 8 days before. Location! This is a 15 minute train ride and 10 minute walk from the center. 25 minutes each way. Plus, everything closes so early in Spandau and there is nothing to do.
Great breakfast buffet, river side limited reception hours
First impression was that the hotel is rather a little bit neglected but finally we met friendly service, clean room, good location in the city for reasonable price
Nice, small hotel in quiet neighborhood, close to U-Bahn station. Good restaurant with friendly staff. No air conditioner, fan nor elevator
Breakfast was good, the room was clean, no problems. The person running the hotel wanted cash payment only (although the booking.com website says that VISA would be accepted).
close location to a subway line
Enjoyed the hotel service and staff. The restaurant at the hotel was excellent and easy access to the U-bahn . The hotel is away from the hustle and bustle of down town Berlin but after being downtown all day a few U-bahn stops from downtown was nice. A quiet neighborhood but still within the city limits. I would definitely return.
Close to the airport; U-bahn at walking distance from the hotel; quiet no street or airport noise. The room was clean and spacious. I was there in December and it took some time to heat up the room.
Clean room, convenient transportation, very kind attention on behalf of the staff, good service. Thanks


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firstname.lastname@example.com | 803.734.2595 | 803.734.2032
Inquire About Adoption
Born 1999
Raekwon describes himself as creative and Bohemian. With an eye for fashion and a talent for sketching designs, he would love to have a career in the fashion industry. In addition to his love of fashion design, Raekwon also enjoys sports. He plays basketball, football and wrestling. Academically, his favorite subjects are math and science. Raekwon would like a family who is caring and fun.
Photographer:Julie Rowe © 2016


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Business Development Manager - P2P Games (m/f) for ad2games - Berlin
Berlin, Germany
Your Role:
You take full responsibility to implement the business development strategy for mobile and pay to play gaming offers on the advertiser side
You work closely with our video influencer team "Nevaly" to acquire advertising budgets for upcoming mobile, PC, Mac and console games ranging from indie and early access to AAA titles
You leverage your existing network within European mobile and PC game publishers to create proposals and secure advertising budgets for the release of major upcoming AAA games (mobile, PC, console games)
You drive and negotiate deals with new advertisers and agencies, remotely as well as in personal meetings, at trade shows and industry events worldwide
You manage existing advertiser accounts and build new partnerships with leading media agencies and game publishers
Your passion and enthusiasm for the gaming industry helps you to deep-dive into market research and identify new and upcoming trends
Our Requirements:
You bring 2+ years of relevant working experience in the field of sales or business development in an online advertisement environment within the gaming industry, preferably mobile and P2P
Strong interpersonal skills and a good sense for business opportunities
Very strong analytical and number skills combined with creativity, efficient and result oriented working style
Excellent network within the European game publisher and -agency landscape
Strong passion for video games
Out of the box thinker, experienced in content marketing
Passionate about working with games
What do we offer?
You become a part of a unique and fun company culture
You work with a highly motivated and skilled team of young top performers
You get access to a well-established network in Berlin's start-up scene
You have the opportunity to attend German classes and numerous events
You enjoy a competitive remuneration package and much more
You work in the start-up centre of Berlin-Mitte, the European Silicon Valley
Interested? - Submit your CV along with relevant university and working documents online.
Back to Current Openings


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Skippy Jon Jones by Schachner Judy
In stock.
Skippyjon Jones by Judy Schachner
In stock.
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Watch Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, and More the 'Man of Steel' Premiere Red Carpet Livestream
The man in the red cape, Henry Cavill, will strut down the red carpet in all his superhuman glory Monday evening for the premiere of Man of Steel, four days before the film blasts into theaters June 14. And for your viewing amusement, you can catch Cavill and the rest of the Man of Steel clan take to the premiere event via live webcast from New York City's Alice Tully Hall.
Superman fans, tune in above at 6 PM EST to see the film's stars (Cavill, Amy Adams, Michael Shannon, Russell Crowe, and Kevin Costner) and director Zack Snyder at the event. And if you're really eager for the premiere (if you're that guy already rocking your homemade Superman costume), you can tune in early at 5:30 PM EST for the pre-show.
The Man of Steel cast is also giving you super fans the chance to get in on the interviewing action. Fans can submit questions and comments throughout the live feed by tweeting with the hashtag #manofsteel or #manofsteelpremiere.
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Tommy had his 9 month checkup this afternoon and he is a very healthy little boy! He weighs 24 lbs (91%ile) and is 30.5 inches long (97%ile). He had to get a big needle and have blood drawn for lead test, but he didn't even cry. Just watched with mild interest as the nice lab tech took some blood. Lucky kid didn't even have to get his immunization shots today.
At home, he's been babbling a lot lately, saying mama, dada, yaya, and baba. He pulls up on furniture and cruises and LOVES to push around his little 'mail cart' which Mark and I affectionately call "Baby Hugo". (Hugo is a company that makes walkers for adults). He loves Nemo as much as ever and has figured out how to play tug-of-war with him by waving something in front of Nemo's face until he tries to get the object. He also plays peek-a-boo if you give him a big cloth and say, "Tommy, want to play peek-a-boo?" He'll put the cloth over his face and pull it down with a big grin. So as you can see, he's a very happy and healthy little guy.


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Pizza is cooking. mmmmmmm! I had a piece of low iron glass cut to fit the motorcycle wheel. I use it on the Solar Fryer to cover a 16 inch Walmart deli pizza. The edge of the glass is not as green as typical float glass, but not as white as optical glass. Lately, I have used the wheel, glass lid and a grate for a Weber grill as a stand alone solar oven. The distance between the handles on the Weber grate is a little bit less than the diameter of the wheel at the rim. The handles of the grate, under a few pounds of tension, snap into place on each side of the wheel. The grate is upside down to form bottom of the oven. I use an inverted Ford hubcap that is painted black with BBQ paint. Three small muffin pans fit inside the hubcap. With the aluminum backing on the insulation presses against the underside of the hubcap. The slight pressure from the insulation holds the top rim of the hubcap against the glass. Moisture from cooking condenses on the glass inside the hubcap but not on the glass that surrounds the hubcap, indicating a good seal between the top of the hubcap and the glass. Leftover duct insulation seals the bottom of wheel. A strip of facing from the duct insulation is wrapped around the ouside of the wheel to cover the spole holes. I tied some surgical tubing in a knot and stretched it over the facing to hold it in place. The shiny facing on the insulation as well as the hubcap keep the fiberglass away from the cooking area. It does not get as hot as the Solar Fryer, but I can leave three servings of vegetables cooking unattended.
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Solar Fryer
I (Mike Pool) wanted to make a large solar cooker. I wanted it versatile enough to cook steaks...
Summary Pizza is cooking. mmmmmmm! I had a piece of low iron glass cut to fit the motorcycle...
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