text:
MONTGOMERY, Ala. (AP) Alabama's Alonzo Gee and UAB's Robert Vaden are the likeliest bets from state universities to be chosen in the NBA draft, and even they might be longshots.
Both are considered either second-round picks or undrafted free agents in the two-round draft Thursday night, but it's uncertain whether they'll hear their names called or have to wait for the phone to ring afterward.
Only first-round picks receive guaranteed contracts.
"Thursday's going to be a great night, because I finally find out what's going to happen," Gee said. "I'm just going to sit here with my family and watch what happens," Gee told The Birmingham News in a story Wednesday. "I'm playing it by ear."
Both Gee and Vaden have been training in Las Vegas and have worked out for a number of NBA teams.
The 6-foot-6, 219-pound Gee averaged 15 points and 7.2 rebounds for the Crimson Tide last season, his third as a starter. The 6-foot-5, 205-pound Vaden was one of the top 3-point shooters in Conference USA and led the Blazers in scoring the past two seasons after sitting out a year following a transfer from Indiana.
He has trimmed his body fat by 3 percent during his three months in Las Vegas working alongside Gee and other draft hopefuls at the Impact Sports Academy.
That group also includes Missouri's DeMarre Carroll from Birmingham.
Gee has worked out for several teams, including Portland, Charlotte, San Antonio, Houston and Milwaukee.
"I can't remember where else," he said. "It's been a very, very long, tough process. And it's almost over."
Vaden has worked out for 15 teams, including the Detroit Pistons and Milwaukee Bucks, said Joe Abunassar, who runs the year-round basketball training facility in Las Vegas.
Vaden averaged 21.1 points as a junior and 17.6 points last season.
Copyright 2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Houses for Rent in New Vineyard, ME
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Erika Korti is a sexy little teen school girl, waiting idly on her bed, playing with her pussy and fingering her ass. She drenches the sheets with her wet pussy, moaning softly as she gets nearer and nearer the point of climax. Vincent Vega arrives to seal the deal. He fingers her ass, kisses her perfect petite legs and thighs, and then proceeds to pound away at her perfect tiny body. He shoves his dick deep down her throat, and then pounds her asshole hard with a vengeance. She comes over and over again as his raging cock goes harder and deeper than anyone before. Watch this intense scene and see how wild the 21 network can be.
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Current Officers, Officers Elect, and Immediate Past Officers make up the Board of Directors for the International Association of University Presidents (IAUP), a registered not-for-profit Charity in the United Kingdom. The Board of Directors is chaired by the Immediate Past President. The Board of Directors is legally responsible for the management of the Charity and is the subject of Articles 15-17 of the Charity's Articles. The Board of Directors, among its general responsibility for the Charity's affairs, is the main forum for discussing issues relating to the Charity's structure, and its policies and strategies, both internally and externally.
Toyoshi Satow, Japan, IAUP President
Chancellor, J.F. Oberlin University
Alvaro Romo, Mexico, IAUP Secretary General
Special Advisor to the President of Osaka University of Commerce, Japan
Ichiro Tanioka, Japan, IAUP Treasurer
President, Osaka University of Commerce and Chancellor, Tanioka Gakuen Educational Foundation
Neal King, USA, Previous IAUP President and Chairman, IAUP
Board of Directors
Former President, Antioch University Los Angeles & Sofia University
Principal, Red Turtle Consulting LLC
Jason Scorza, USA, Previous IAUP Secretary-General
Vice Provost for International Education, Fairleigh Dickinson University
Carmen Lamagna, Bangladesh, Previous IAUP Treasurer
Vice Chancellor, American International University-Bangladesh
Kakha Shengelia, Georgia, IAUP President-elect
President, Caucasus University
Gerald Reisinger, Austria, IAUP Secretary-General-elect
President, FHOÖ Management GmbH and President, Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences
Elizabeth Davis-Russell, Republic of Liberia, IAUP Treasurer-elect
President, William Tubman University
Regional Chairs are responsible for membership development and programming in their particular regions. Please contact the regional chair of your region for more information about IAUP membership and activities. All regional chairs are members of the IAUP Executive Committee.
Joshua Alabi – Ghana
Chair, West Africa Council
Donald Betz — USA
Chair, North American Council
Shawn Chen — P.R. China
Chair, China Council
Fernando Galván Reula – Spain
(Chair, Western & Southern Europe Council)
Fernando León Garcia — Mexico
Co-Chair, Latin American Council
Young-Gil Kim — Korea
Chair, Korean Peninsula Council
Errol Morrison – Jamaica
(Chair, Caribbean Region)
Thandwa Zizwe Mthembu — South Africa
Chair, Sub-Saharan Africa Council
Antonio Leaño Reyes — Mexico
Co-Chair, Latin American Council
Bohuslava Šenkýrová — Czech Republic
Chair, Eastern European Council
Kakha Shengelia — Georgia
Chair, South-Eastern Europe & Caucasus Council
Eda Coutinho Barbosa Machado de Souza — Brazil
Chair, Brazilian Council
Janjira Wongkhomthong — Thailand
Chair, South East Asia Council


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Tags: cumshot (295), six pack abs (47), jerking off (778), Southern Strokes (75),


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B00DT64MII Expedited shipping is 2-6 business days after shipment, standard is 4-14 business days after shipment. Used items do not include access codes, cd's or other accessories. Bookseller Inventory #
Title: The Book of Dede Korkut: A Turkish Epic [...
Publisher: University of Texas Press
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Book Description Book Condition: Good. Book Condition: Good. Bookseller Inventory # 97802927078704.0
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 29, 2000
|Filing date
|Oct 15, 1997
|Priority date
|Mar 11, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Elvin Leonard Nix, George Woodrow Keilman, Robert Julian Dickinson
|Original Assignee
|Intravascular Research Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (62), Classifications (22), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/402,143 filed Mar. 10, 1995 now abandoned.
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic transducer array and a method of manufacturing the same.
In our co-pending application number 9116478 there is disclosed an ultrasonic transducer array for use in visualising the internal organs of the human body, for example in a system as disclosed in our UK Patents 2,212,267 and 2,233,094. As explained in our earlier co-pending application number 9116478 there are considerable problems to overcome in manufacturing such a transducer array because of its extremely small size.
A method of manufacture disclosed in our above mentioned co-pending application number 9116478 gives a high performance ultrasonic transducer but it is relatively expensive to manufacture. There are other advantages to this method of manufacture, relating to i) the ability to have well-designed acoustic layers, ii) the removal of the need to have a rigid (tungsten carbide) support and iii) the concomitant increase in backing layer thickness.
According to a first aspect of the present invention in a method of manufacturing an ultrasonic transducer array a plurality of discrete ceramic transducer elements are formed on an initially flat flexible substrate together with electrically conductive tracks, through which the transducer elements will be energized in use, the flexible substrate with the discrete transducer elements and conductive tracks mounted thereon then being formed into a cylinder, the substrate being radially outwardly of the transducer elements.
According to a second aspect of the present invention the substrate comprises at least two laminae, a first lamina being flexible and acting as the second part of a two layer matching layer and having the conductive tracks thereon and a second lamina being sandwiched between said first lamina and said transducer elements which are carried thereon, the second lamina having a higher acoustic impedance than the first lamina and acting as the first part of the two layer matching layer.
According to a third aspect of the present invention the first lamina is in the form of a film which is deposited on the flexible substrate.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention the flat assembly comprising the substrate, the transducer array and the conductive tracks is shaped into a cylinder by means of a mould. The mould may comprise two semi-circular cross-section mould elements to which suction may be applied to draw the flat assembly into the mould in order to make it conform to the shape of the inside of the mould elements.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention the flat assembly comprising the substrate, the transducer array and the conductive tracks is then drawn through a guide member constructed so that the flat assembly is progressively shaped into a cylinder.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention a multiplexing circuit is provided on the flexible substrate.
According to a seventh aspect of the invention the multiplexing circuit includes an integrated circuit which is flip-chip bonded in position.
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention the multiplexing circuit is made up of a plurality of individual integrated circuits arranged in a polygonal configuration.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention the polygon comprises a square.
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention there is an annular space between the assembled circular transducer array and the distal end of the catheter, this gap being filled with a material which acts both as an adhesive and as an acoustic backing layer.
According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention an earth return on the top of the piezo-electric transducer is electrically connected to an earth return on the bottom of the substrate to thereby form a common return.
How the invention may be carried out will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the distal end of a catheter carrying a transducer array of the kind to which the present invention may be applied;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional fragmentary view of an alternative to FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a perspective three quarter view showing a transducer array and associated multiplexer units in-the-flat condition;
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the detailed circuitry of the arrangement shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary view of part of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary view of another part of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of FIG. 4 assembled into its final cylindrical condition;
FIG. 9 is a half-elevational cross-section showing a first arrangement for providing a common return electrical path for the transducer array;
FIG. 10 is similar to FIG. 9 but showing a second arrangement for providing a common return electrical path for the transducer array;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a mould used to manufacture a fennel shaped die;
FIG. 12 is a perspective general arrangement view of apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged exploded view of the part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 14 is an even more enlarged fragmentary view showing part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing a preform which can be used in the method of assembling the transducer array on the distal end of the catheter;
FIG. 16 is a perspective diagrammatic view of a further embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates a catheter of a general known type or classification, but the specific construction of FIG. 1 constitutes part of the present invention. The catheter comprises a main flexible plastic tubular body 1 to the distal end of which is mounted a flexible plastic tubular body member 2, the latter being typically about twenty five centimetres long. The distal end of the body 2 carries an ultrasonic transducer array 3 which is made up, in this embodiment, of sixty four discrete transducer elements made of a ceramic material such as PZT. Associated with and electrically connected to this array is a multiplexer arrangement 4 which is in turn electrically connected to apparatus (not shown) at the proximal end of the catheter by electrically conducting leads 5. That apparatus may comprise the system disclosed in our UK Patents 2,212,267 and 2,233,094.
The transducer array 3 and multiplexer arrangement 4 are carried by a flexible substrate 6 and (see FIGS. 2 and 3) it is this sub-assembly with which the present invention is concerned.
The tip body 2 has a sleeve 7 which is secured at its proximal end to the distal end of the main catheter body 1 and at its distal end to the substrate 6.
The tip body 2 is connected to a main inner body 9, and the catheter has the usual known guide wire 8 associated with it.
The distal end of the assembly as a whole is provided with a so-called "soft-tip" in the form of a moulding 10 which is shaped to facilitate the insertion and positioning of the catheter into the artery of a patient.
The multiplexer 4 and transducer array 3 are energized and echo signals transmitted through electrical leads 5.
The purpose of FIG. 1 is to illustrate an example of one type of catheter construction to which the present invention may be applied, this construction being known as an "over-the-wire" design. However, the present invention has general application to other types of catheter construction, including that known as the "rapid exchange" or "monorail" design, and is not limited to this particular application, the present invention being concerned with the construction and method of manufacturing the transducer array 3 and multiplexer 4 assembly and not the general construction of the catheter as such.
The invention will now be described with reference to the remaining figures of the drawings.
FIGS. 2 and 3
FIG. 2 shows a transducer array 3 which comprises sixty four discrete piezo-electric ceramic transducer elements 11, made of PZT, has a circular cylindrical configuration and is carried by a cylindrical flexible substrate 6 of polyimide which is located radially outwardly with respect to the transducer array 3.
The flexible substrate 6 can thus also act as an acoustic matching layer between the piezo-electric ceramic transducer elements and human tissues or blood of the patient. More specifically the flexible substrate 6 can be made of the polyimide material known as "Upilex-S", the acoustic impedance of which is close to the optimum required for acoustic matching between the piezo-electric ceramic material of the transducer elements and human tissues or blood. This acoustic impedance is approximately 3.5 MRayls.
FIG. 3 shows a variation on the construction shown in FIG. 2. In this variation there is a further layer 12 of material between the flexible polyimide substrate 6 and the piezo-electric transducer elements 11.
The layer 12 comprises a material which is electrically conductive and has a higher acoustic impedance of around 10 MRayls. The layer 12 may comprise magnesium, a conductive epoxy resin or a conductive glass.
In this embodiment the flexible substrate 6 may be made of a lower acoustic impedance material than that of the embodiment of FIG. 2. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3 the flexible substrate may comprise a polyimide material such as "Kapton" (registered trade mark) having an acoustic impedance of around 2.5 MRayls. The advantage of this embodiment is that the polyimide substrate 6 can in fact be formed as a flat film and this can be carried out very accurately, typically to a tolerance of a few microns.
There are two metallised layers 31 in the positions indicated in FIG. 3. These would apply to both the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 3. In addition there is a copper coated polyimide film 40 secured by adhesive to the top of the piezo-electric material 11 which will be described in more detail in relation to FIGS. 9 and 10.
FIGS. 4 to 10
The transducer array 3 and multiplexer 4 arrangement is first manufactured in-the-flat as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. It is then wrapped or rolled into the configuration shown in FIG. 8.
As indicated earlier the transducer array 3 comprises sixty four transducer elements 11 which are electrically connected to four 16-channel multiplexer chips 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d (4b being omitted for clarity and 4c being only partially shown).
The advantage of initially manufacturing the assembly shown in FIG. 4 in-the-flat is that it is easier to manufacture because firstly forming the various components in-the-flat rather than on a cylindrical surface is inherently easier and secondly it is possible to use standard production equipment. More particularly standard printed circuit and integrated circuit production methods can be employed. A further advantage, is that the thickness of flat material is easier to control to high accuracy than the wall thickness of cylindrical components.
The transducer array 3 consists of functionally discrete ceramic elements mounted on the flexible substrate 6.
As indicated earlier, each multiplexer is in the form of an integrated circuit and this integrated circuit can itself be flip-chip bonded to the circuit comprising electrical connections 13 which are formed on the substrate 6 by means of known printed circuit techniques.
The transducer array 3 which consists of functionally discrete ceramic elements, is manufactured using the following steps.
The polyimide substrate material 6 is plated on both sides, with a 1-2 micron thickness of copper at 39 and 40, typically by a two stage process in which vacuum deposition or sputtering is used to give a thin base coat of good allocation, and chemical plating techniques to increase the copper thickness to the desired value.
The conductive tracks 13 are then formed in the layer 39 on one side of the substrate by a standard photolithography technique followed by chemical etching or ion-beam milling to form the circuit pattern as shown in FIG. 5.
A block of piezo-electric material 11 having the desired radial thickness of the final transducer elements and coated on both sides by a metallisation layer 31, is bonded in one piece to an area of the copper layer 39 which is shaped to define a connection pad 36 on the substrate. The bonding is effected by a suitable adhesive 35 which could comprise a low viscosity epoxy resin.
The polyimide substrate 6 has a copper layer 40 on its bottom surface.
The piezo-electric transducer array, in use, would be energized through the copper layer 39, the upper metallised layer 31 on the top of the piezo-electric ceramic transducer block 11 forming an earth return path and being electrically connected to the copper layer 40 to thus form a common return path.
This can be achieved in a number of ways, two of which are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 respectively.
In FIG. 9 the return path is provided by a graphite block or rectangle 41 mounted on a second connection pad 37. A piece of copper coated polyimide film 42 connects the top of the piezo ceramic element 11 to the graphite 41. The second connection pad 37 is electrically connected to the lower ground copper layer 40 by means of electrically conducting material through via holes 43.
In the alternative construction shown in FIG. 10 the graphite block 41 is replaced by a flexible copper film 44 which is bonded to the top of the PZT block 11 and to the second connection pad 37.
The construction shown in FIG. 9 is preferred as it is easier to assemble and also easier to form cuts in the graphite block than in the flexible film 44.
The bonding of the various interfaces has to have adequate mechanical strength, maintain electrical contact, and is performed preferably using a suitable low-viscosity adhesive, such as with a controlled force press, so that the adhesive thickness is less than the roughness of the two surfaces, a standard method used in sensor construction.
The ceramic block 11 is then diced into separate transducer elements 11a, 11b . . . 11n using a diamond saw. Each saw cut 45 is arranged to penetrate into the substrate 6 by up to one half its thickness (as shown in FIG. 3), which will separate the connection pad 36 into separate tracks, which are arranged to align and be contiguous with the circuit tracks previous defined.
In order to keep the return on the second connection pad 37 common, the length of the saw cuts is arranged to traverse the second connection pad 37. This can be done by a technique known as "plunge-cutting" in which the sawblade height is varied as the blade makes its cut. Thus, the part of the second connection pad 37 supporting the graphite block 41 or the copper film 44 connection is diced, but the rest is not.
Slots 14 are formed between adjacent multiplexer chips 4a,4b; 4b,4c; and 4c,4d.
The purpose of the slots 14 is to render the substrate 6 easily bendable along the lines of the slots and to remove material so that there can be a relatively gradual transition from the cylindrical configuration of the transducer array 3 to the rectangular configuration of the four multiplexer chips 4(a)(b)(c) and (d) shown in FIG. 4 thus minimising the building in of stress. In addition the relatively long distance between the transducer array 3 and the multiplexers 4 enables the final assembly to bend as it passes along a patient's artery (see FIG. 8) which would not be the case if elements 3 and 4 were close together.
The multiplexer chips thus form a four sided polygon which in this embodiment is a square. FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of FIG. 4 in more detail and accuracy, the same reference numerals being used to indicate equivalent elements.
The most convenient mechanical implementation of the multiplexed array is to have four identical integrated circuits each connected to a quarter of the transducer array. When wrapped so that the transducer elements form a cylinder, the area where the multiplexers are mounted will tend to form a square section and in order to relieve mechanical stresses in the flexible substrate on the corners of the square section and in the transition region between the circular and square sections it is advantageous to put the slots 14 in the flexible substrate 6 as referred to earlier. Because a square has a greater maximum dimension than a circle of the same perimeter it is preferable that the slots have a significant width in order to remove material from the corner of the square parameter so that the cross-section at the level of the multiplexers fits inside the final diameter of the circular transducer array.
FIG. 5 shows the pattern of the flexible circuit with such slots.
The slots 14 can be formed by a variety of processes such as laser cutting, chemical etching, mechanical punching or mechanical milling.
FIG. 5 shows that the multiplexer integrated circuits 4 are mounted some distance from the transducer array 3 which thus allows the section around the multiplexers to be slightly larger if necessary than the array without significantly affecting the ability of the catheter to access and image narrow vessels. This distance also gives the advantage referred to earlier in that the transducer array/multiplexer assembly can negotiate bends and curves in the patient's artery without undue resistance.
The integrated circuits are fabricated with bumps of tin-lead solder attached to their connector pads. They are then aligned over the electrical connection 13 using a flip-chip alignment system, and placed on the substrate. The circuit is then heated to allow solder reflow to occur, which permits a degree of self-alignment of the integrated circuit due to the surface tension of the molten solder. It is this self-alignment that makes the solder reflow system a suitable process, and preferable over indium/gold thermal diffusion or gold/gold thermosonic processes. It also permits the use of copper on the substrate, with its cost advantages.
FIGS. 11 to 15
FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate diagrammatically one form of apparatus which can be used to manufacture the combined transducer array and multiplexer arrangement shown in FIGS. 4 to 10.
The way in which this apparatus is used to transform the flat arrangement shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 into the cylindrical/square arrangement shown in FIG. 8, and to secure that latter arrangement in position at the distal end of the catheter 1 will now be described.
The basic steps involved in using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 11 to 14 both to form and to secure the transducer/multiplexer assembly to the distal end of the catheter are as follows.
First a mould assembly 15 (FIG. 11) is used to make a funnel shaped die member 16 (FIGS. 12 and 13) which can either be used several times to produce several complete catheters or can be used only once to produce a single catheter, a further mould die 16 then being formed to enable the next catheter to be produced.
The die 16 is then used to convert the flat transducer/multiplexer arrangement of FIGS. 4 to 7 into the cylindrical configuration shown in FIG. 8.
Finally the cylindrical transducer/multiplexer arrangement of FIG. 8 is fixedly mounted on the distal end of the catheter.
These steps will now be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 11 to 14.
FIG. 11 shows the mould assembly 15 for forming the funnel shaped die 16.
The mould assembly 15 comprises a main cylinder or tube 17 which is open at the top, as viewed in FIG. 11, and closed at the bottom by an annular outer plug 18 and an inner plug 19, the outer plug 18 being a push fit within the tube or cylinder or tube 16.
There is a funnel shaped central core 20 made of tungsten carbide which is located coaxially with respect to the cylinder 16 with its wider end adjacent the top of the cylinder 16 and its narrow end fitting into a central bore 21 in the inner plug 19.
The inner plug 19 is itself a sliding fit in the outer plug 18.
The outer plug 18 carries location pins 22 which together with the inner surface of the cylinder 16, the outer surface of the core member 20 and the top surfaces of the inner and outer plugs 18 and 19 are polished to facilitate removal of the die 16 after it has been formed in the mould 15.
The inner plug 19 has the accurately centrally positioned hole 21 which is later used to ensure that the folded transducer/multiplexer assembly FIG. 8 is positioned accurately concentrically with respect to the distal end of the body 2 of the catheter.
The purpose of the locating pins 22 is to ensure that in subsequent reassembly of the die 16 and the plugs 18 and 19 in the apparatus shown in FIG. 12 the positional inter-relationships of the die 16, outer plug 18 and inner plug 19 are accurately maintained.
The reason for having the inner plug 19 as well as the outer plug 18 is to enable access to be obtained by removal of the inner plug 19 in a subsequent moulding step in the manufacturing process.
Potting compound, e.g. a standard mould-making polyester resin is then injected into the annular space 23 between the cylinder 17 and the core 20 and allowed to set to form the die 16.
The funnel shaped core 20 is then withdrawn from the mould assembly and the moulded die 16 is withdrawn from a cylinder 17.
The assembly shown in FIG. 4 has a temporary pulling wire (not shown) connected to the end marked C, the other end of the wire then being inserted into the wide end of the funnel shaped passage 20 in the die and the wire is then drawn through the narrow end of the funnel shaped passage.
As the flat arrangement is drawn through the funnel shaped passage 16a it is caused to progressively wrap, fold or roll into a substantially cylindrical shape by the time it reaches the narrow end in the area marked D in FIG. 13.
The die 16 of the wrapped transducer/multiplexer assembly already located in the inner plug 19 is then positioned in the apparatus shown in FIG. 12.
This apparatus consists of a base 24 which carries a cylindrical support 25 (shown cut away for clarity) adapted to hold the moulded die 16 and the associated inner and outer plugs 18 and 19 respectively in the manner shown in more detail in the fragmentary exploded view of FIG. 13.
The distal end E of the body 2 of the catheter 1 is inserted into the funnel shaped passage 16a, as shown in FIG. 12, after the transducer array/multiplexer assembly has been converted from a flat to a cylindrical configuration, the cylindrical transducer array then being, at that time, located in the central hole 21 in the plug member 19.
A locating pin 26 is positioned accurately centrally with respect to the central hole 21 (as shown in FIG. 13) and then the catheter body 2 is pushed to bring its distal end into the position also shown in FIG. 14.
By means of the central hole 21 and the locating pin 26 it is possible to very accurately centre the cylindrical transducer array 3 with respect to the axis of the distal end of the catheter inner body 2.
The inner plug 19 is removed to make it easier to inject adhesive by means of an applicator 27 to secure the combined cylindrical transducer array 3 and square multiplexer 4 arrangement to the distal end of the catheter body 2.
In carrying out this operation the operator makes use of a microscope 28 to ensure accuracy.
The annular gap 29 between the distal end of the catheter inner body 2 and the annular transducer array 3 (see FIG. 15) is either filled entirely with the injected adhesive or part of the gap is filled by an adhesive preform 30 which has previously been attached to the distal end of the inner body 2 of the catheter. The adhesive used is an ultrasound backing layer material such as a suitable epoxy resin based compound. FIG. 15 illustrates the preform.
The material filling the annular space 29 thus serves two purposes, the first being to act as an adhesive and the second to act as an acoustic backing layer.
The wire interconnections or electrical leads are now bonded to the input/output pads. The preferable configuration for the interconnects is in the form of a sub-miniature flat ribbon cable which enables all the connections to be made in one operation with a suitable tool. By arranging the electrical configuration of the ribbon cable such that signal lines are alternated with ground lines, such a ribbon cable can provide low loss controlled-impedance and shielded interconnections.
An advantage of this design is that the injected adhesive does not have to define the relationship of the acoustic components, so rigidity is not a prime concern and the adhesive can have the optimum properties required for an acoustic backing layer. It could for example be a low viscosity epoxy resin.
In the preferred embodiment the first step is to print on a single piece of substrate material a number of circuits which represent the same number of finished transducer array/multiplexer assemblies. This permits efficient use of material, and simultaneous processing of a number of devices at once, saving time and cost.
There are a number of advantages provided by the method and construction of the present invention and in particular by the fact that in the finished assembly the flexible substrate is located radially outwardly with respect to the transducer array and the multiplexing elements.
One advantage, associated with the transducer array, is the fact that the flexible substrate protects the transducer array against foreign matter entering into the gaps between adjacent transducer elements. If the assembly were constructed with the flexible substrate radially inwardly with respect to the transducer array it would be necessary to provide a sealing layer around the outside of the transducer array in order to prevent the ingress of foreign matter into the gaps between adjacent transducer elements. This protective layer would have to be accurately formed in the cylindrical configuration and this would prove more difficult than forming a similar film or coating in the flat.
Another advantage of the present invention is that because the bases of the transducer elements lie on a circle having a greater diameter than would be the case were the flexible substrate to be radially inwardly with respect to the transducer array it is possible to construct a transducer array with a larger number of transducer elements, for a given overall outside diameter for the assembly, than would be the case were the flexible substrate to be located radially inwardly with respect to the transducer array. Alternatively, for a given number of transducer elements it would be possible, with the present invention, to construct an assembly having a smaller overall outside diameter than would be the case with the alternative construction discussed earlier.
A further advantage is that with the present invention any tendency for the planar assembly to unfold will press it tighter against the mould and thus make it more accurate in contrast with the case where the substrate is wrapped around a former (with the transducers on the outside) where any tendency to unwrap will give rise to inaccuracies in the final cylindrical shape.
Instead of using the method and apparatus described and shown in FIGS. 11 and 15 to convert the planar assembly into a cylindrical configuration other arrangements could be employed, For example a mould could be used into which the planar assembly is forced. This mould could comprise two semi-circular sectioned elements having means to draw the planar assembly into them by suction to make it conform to the internal shape of the mould.
It may be that in manufacturing the assembly shown in FIGS. 4 to 10 the manufacturing process involved in producing the transducer array 3 is incompatible with the process used to manufacture the multiplexer arrangement 4.
Therefore in order to deal with this problem it is proposed to have the hybrid arrangement illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 16.
In this arrangement the PZT transducer array 3 is formed as a separate three-dimensional micro machined assembly similar to that disclosed in our earlier UK Patent Application No. 9116478 but with the bond pad area having a polygonal rather than a circular cross-section. In other words it is only the multiplexer arrangement 4 which is initially formed in-the-flat.
With this hybrid arrangement the bond pads for the array 3 are formed on the substrate carrying the multiplexer arrangement, the flexible substrate being provided with flaps 32 which carry the electrical tracks 33 so that the polygonal shaped multiplexer assembly 4 can then be slid over a correspondingly rectangular shaped spigot portion 34 of the transducer assembly 3.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 17, 1983
|Jan 21, 1986
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Ultrasonic transducer system and manufacturing method
|May 26, 1987
|Jun 27, 1989
|Inter Therapy, Inc.
|Ultra-thin acoustic transducer and balloon catheter using same in imaging array subassembly
|Jul 15, 1988
|Sep 26, 1989
|North American Philips Corp.
|Ultrasonic transducer arrays made from composite piezoelectric materials
|Oct 27, 1987
|Apr 17, 1990
|Endosonics Corporation
|Apparatus and method for imaging small cavities
|Jun 13, 1989
|Aug 27, 1991
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Ultrasonic probe and method of manufacturing the same
|May 21, 1990
|Sep 3, 1991
|Acoustic Imaging Technologies Corporation
|Method of manufacturing a curved array ultrasonic transducer assembly
|Nov 10, 1988
|Jan 21, 1992
|Circulation Research Limited
|Methods and apparatus for the examination and treatment of internal organs
|Dec 5, 1991
|Feb 16, 1993
|General Electric Company
|Method and apparatus for applying synthetic aperture focusing techniques to a catheter based system for high frequency ultrasound imaging of small vessels
|Feb 14, 1992
|Aug 31, 1993
|Thomas Jefferson University
|Intravascular, ultrasonic imaging catheters and methods for making same
|May 29, 1990
|Nov 2, 1993
|Intravascular Research Limited
|Methods and apparatus for the examination and treatment of internal organs
|Aug 13, 1992
|Jan 4, 1994
|Advanced Technology Laboratories, Inc.
|Acoustic transducer with tab connector
|Feb 1, 1993
|Nov 29, 1994
|Endosonics Corporation
|Ultrasound catheter
|Jul 30, 1992
|Oct 10, 1995
|Intravascular Research Limited
|Ultrasonic transducer arrangement and catheter
|Dec 3, 1984
|Jun 19, 1985
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Curvilinear array of ultrasonic transducers
|Title not available
|May 18, 1988
|Dec 1, 1988
|Inter Therapy, Inc.
|Ultrasonic imaging array and balloon catheter assembly
|Jan 14, 1994
|Aug 18, 1994
|Endosonics Corporation
|Ultrasound catheter
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 8, 1999
|Oct 30, 2001
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Ultrasonic transducer and manufacturing method therefor
|Jul 25, 2001
|Sep 30, 2003
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Method of manufacturing an ultrasonic transducer
|Jan 31, 2002
|Aug 17, 2004
|Volcano Therapeutic, Inc.
|Ultrasonic transducer array and method of manufacturing the same
|Oct 14, 2003
|Jul 26, 2005
|Ekos Corporation
|Ultrasound radiating members for catheter
|Dec 27, 2002
|Oct 25, 2005
|Ekos Corporation
|Multi-resonant ultrasonic catheter
|Dec 3, 2002
|May 22, 2007
|Ekos Corporation
|Catheter with multiple ultrasound radiating members
|Sep 13, 1996
|Jun 5, 2007
|Volcano Corporation
|High resolution intravascular ultrasound transducer assembly having a flexible substrate
|Jun 2, 2005
|Mar 31, 2009
|Ekos Corporation
|Method of manufacturing ultrasound radiating members for a catheter
|Dec 21, 2006
|Jun 1, 2010
|Ekos Corporation
|Catheter with multiple ultrasound radiating members
|Jan 5, 2004
|Aug 10, 2010
|Ekos Corporation
|Ultrasonic catheter with axial energy field
|May 4, 2006
|Aug 17, 2010
|Ekos Corporation
|Method of manufacturing ultrasound catheters
|Feb 13, 2009
|Oct 26, 2010
|Ekos Corporation
|Ultrasound radiating members for catheter
|Dec 21, 2006
|Nov 9, 2010
|Ekos Corporation
|Catheter with multiple ultrasound radiating members
|Jun 4, 2007
|Dec 7, 2010
|Volcano Corporation
|High resolution intravascular ultrasound transducer assembly having a flexible substrate
|Aug 22, 2008
|Aug 2, 2011
|Zevex, Inc.
|Ultrasonic air and fluid detector
|Jan 28, 2005
|Aug 9, 2011
|Ekos Corporation
|Ultrasound enhanced central venous catheter
|Oct 17, 2008
|Jan 10, 2012
|Broadcom Corporation
|Cross link multiplexer bus
|Apr 16, 2010
|May 1, 2012
|Ekos Corporation
|Catheter with multiple ultrasound radiating members
|Oct 25, 2007
|Jun 5, 2012
|Ekos Corporation
|Catheter with multiple ultrasound radiating members
|Oct 25, 2010
|Jul 24, 2012
|Zevex, Inc.
|Universal air bubble detector
|Mar 31, 2009
|Jul 24, 2012
|Ekos Corporation
|Ultrasonic catheter power control
|Jul 21, 2010
|Sep 11, 2012
|General Electric Company
|Device and system for measuring material thickness
|Feb 5, 2010
|Sep 24, 2013
|Zevek, Inc.
|Air bubble detector
|Aug 24, 2012
|Feb 11, 2014
|Zevek, Inc.
|Air bubble detector
|Dec 27, 2011
|Mar 25, 2014
|General Electric Company
|Device for measuring material thickness
|Mar 27, 2012
|Apr 15, 2014
|Ekos Corporation
|Catheter with multiple ultrasound radiating members
|Jan 9, 2008
|Apr 15, 2014
|Broadcom Corporation
|Multi-rate MAC to PHY interface
|Aug 24, 2012
|Jun 3, 2014
|Zevex, Inc.
|Air bubble detector
|Dec 20, 2011
|Jul 1, 2014
|Ekos Corporation
|Sheath for use with an ultrasound element
|Jun 20, 2012
|Oct 7, 2014
|Ekos Corporation
|Ultrasonic catheter power control
|Apr 12, 2012
|Oct 14, 2014
|General Electric Company
|Sensing device and method of attaching the same
|Aug 13, 2010
|Dec 16, 2014
|Zevex, Inc.
|Method of making a universal bubble detector
|Jan 31, 2005
|Aug 18, 2015
|Ekos Corporation
|Method and apparatus for detecting vascular conditions with a catheter
|Apr 14, 2014
|Jun 28, 2016
|Broadcom Corporation
|Multi-rate MAC to PHY interface
|Mar 4, 2014
|Aug 16, 2016
|Ekos Corporation
|Catheter with multiple ultrasound radiating members
|Jan 23, 2015
|May 30, 2017
|Garmin Switzerland Gmbh
|Marine sonar display device with operating mode determination
|Feb 18, 2003
|Nov 20, 2003
|John Zhang
|Sheath for use with an ultrasound element
|Feb 18, 2003
|Jan 22, 2004
|John Zhang
|Sheath for use with an ultrasound element
|Nov 7, 2002
|Jan 29, 2004
|Wilson Richard R.
|Ultrasound assembly for use with a catheter
|Dec 3, 2002
|Feb 5, 2004
|Wilson Richard R.
|Catheter with multiple ultrasound radiating members
|Feb 28, 2003
|Apr 8, 2004
|Wilson Richard R.
|Ultrasound catheter with embedded conductors
|Dec 27, 2002
|Apr 15, 2004
|Oliver Leonard R.
|Multi-resonant ultrasonic catheter
|Oct 14, 2003
|Apr 22, 2004
|Wilson Richard R.
|Ultrasound radiating members for catheter
|Oct 15, 2003
|Dec 16, 2004
|Andreas Hadjicostis
|Miniature ultrasonic phased array for intracardiac and intracavity applications
|Jan 31, 2005
|Sep 29, 2005
|Hansmann Douglas R
|Method and apparatus for detecting vascular conditions with a catheter
|Jun 2, 2005
|Nov 10, 2005
|Wilson Richard R
|Ultrasound radiating members for catheter
|Apr 12, 2005
|Nov 10, 2005
|Jared Brosch
|Miniature ultrasonic transducer with focusing lens for intracardiac and intracavity applications
|Dec 1, 2005
|May 18, 2006
|Hansmann Douglas R
|Blood flow reestablishment determination
|May 4, 2006
|Sep 14, 2006
|Wilson Richard R
|Ultrasound catheter with embedded conductors
|May 4, 2006
|Oct 5, 2006
|Wilson Richard R
|Ultrasound catheter with embedded conductors
|Dec 21, 2006
|May 10, 2007
|Wilson Richard R
|Catheter with multiple ultrasound radiating members
|Dec 21, 2006
|May 17, 2007
|Wilson Richard R
|Catheter with multiple ultrasound radiating members
|Jan 9, 2008
|Jul 17, 2008
|Broadcom Corporation
|Multi-rate MAC to PHY interface
|Oct 17, 2008
|Feb 12, 2009
|Broadcom Corporation
|Cross Link Multiplexer Bus
|Aug 22, 2008
|Feb 26, 2009
|Chris Hills
|Ultrasonic air and fluid detector
|Feb 5, 2010
|Aug 26, 2010
|Mark Stringham
|Air bubble detector
|Aug 13, 2010
|Dec 9, 2010
|Riley Timothy A
|Method for making and using an air bubble detector
|Oct 13, 2010
|Feb 10, 2011
|Volcano Corporation
|High Resolution Intravascular Ultrasound Transducer Assembly Having A Flexible Substrate
|Aug 22, 2008
|Mar 22, 2017
|Moog Inc
|Ultrasonic air and fluid detector
|Dec 3, 2002
|Jun 12, 2003
|Ekos Corporation
|Small vessel ultrasound catheter
|Aug 27, 2003
|Mar 11, 2004
|Volcano Therapeutics, Inc.
|Ultrasonic imaging devices and methods of fabrication
|Aug 27, 2003
|May 21, 2004
|Volcano Therapeutics Inc
|Ultrasonic imaging devices and methods of fabrication
|U.S. Classification
|156/218, 156/242, 156/300, 156/285, 29/25.35, 156/299, 156/150
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 1, 2001
|Certificate of correction
|Mar 1, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 30, 2006
Owner name: VOLCANO CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VOLCANO THERAPEUTICS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:017759/0057
Effective date: 20041021
Owner name: VOLCANO CORPORATION,CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VOLCANO THERAPEUTICS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:017759/0057
Effective date: 20041021
|Apr 3, 2006
Owner name: VOLCANO CORPORATION A DELAWARE CORPORATION, CALIFO
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:VOLCANO THERAPEUTICS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:017575/0094
Effective date: 20041014
Owner name: VOLCANO CORPORATION A DELAWARE CORPORATION,CALIFOR
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:VOLCANO THERAPEUTICS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:017575/0094
Effective date: 20041014
|Feb 28, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 10, 2008
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Feb 28, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Ten Best Miami Brunches
The debate over whether the best meal of the day is lunch or breakfast has been going on for millennia. Intense battles have broken out over the issue. But one day, a peaceful being came up with a compromise for the rivaling sides. The settlement was "brunch," a perfect middleman between the morning pleasures of bacon and waffles, and the afternoon delights of a steak sandwich au jus.
Brunch is for the man who cannot decide whether he prefers pancakes or a porterhouse on his plate.
Basically, it's the best solution ever, and Miami has some fabulous options.
10. Mercadito
A group of friends can enjoy a full brunch spread, including cocktails, for $30 a person. Everyone can drink as they please for an hour and a half. The brunch menu consists of Mexican-inspired regulars such as chilaquiles, enchiladas, huevos rancheros, all kinds of taco varieties, ceviches, and freshly prepared guacamole. It's the bento box of Miami brunches -- everything you want in a perfect little package.
Bill Wisser
9. Morgans
The outdoor terrace is half the reason we frequent Morgans. The other half is the brunch menu. It's all the regular stuff you can expect for brunch -- eggs ($10), sandwiches (about $12), waffles ($8), and the like. But well-executed simplicity can be better than something adventurous. We prefer to end every visit with the daily bread pudding ($10). And for the record, yes, you should ask why they call it the voluptuous grilled cheese ($12), because we're not spoiling it.
Want access to our Best Of picks from your smartphone? Download our free Best Of app for the iPhone or Android phone from the App Store or Google Play. Don't forget to check out the full Best of Miami® online at bestof.voiceplaces.com.Next Page
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Slow PCs are a pain! But we've got some easy ways to speed them up. In part 1 and part 2 of this series we looked at ways to remove unwanted programs and clean up old files that could be slowing you down.
But we aren't finished. There's still a lot more you can do, like disable unnecessary programs when Windows starts up.
When Windows starts up, many programs tend to initiate in the background. The more the programs that initiate at start-up, the more time it will take your computer to boot. Most of these programs don't even need to be running at time. Here we're going to use CCleaner, which we discussed how to download in this article. So if you aren't familiar with CCleaner, click here to read about it first. Here's how you can disable them with CCleaner:
Click the Tools tab and then Startup:
Now, select the programs you don't want to initiate at startup and click Disable. It also gives you the option to enable the programs you want to initiate at startup.
Now, we're going to take care of any unwanted extensions in your browsers.
What most users don't know is that unwanted extensions can be installed maliciously as well as with other programs. These extensions are a big reason for the slow browser and internet speeds. CCleaner gives you a complete list of all the extensions installed on all your browsers and the option to disable/delete them.
In the Tools tab, under Startup, CCleaner displays the extensions installed according to the browsers. Select the extensions you don't need and disable/delete them.
You could also how visual effects look on your computer. That's if you don't mind the rudimentary appearance of your computer screen, then this tip will improve your computer speeds even more. Limiting/disabling the visual effects of the computer screen can enhance system performance. Here's how you can do it.
Click on the Start menu and the click on Control Panel:
Next, click on Performance and Tools.
If you can't see the "Performance and Tools" icon, click on View By: and select Large Icons.
Now, click on Adjust Visual Effects:
The dialogue box for Performance Options will open. Then select "Adjust for Best Performance". You can also select Custom and chose the visual effects you still want to experience.
Personally, we find selecting Custom and choosing only the last option of "Use visual styles on windows and buttons" greatly improves performance without completely sacrificing the aesthetic appeal of Windows.
Implementing the tips in this series of articles can greatly improve the speed of your computer and also prevent crashing and freezing problems.
~ Rakiah
Tags: Ccleaner your PC, Computers, faster PC, PCs, speed up


text:
This week is vital for the brain development of the fetus as the nerve cells branch out and connect with each other to form primitive neural pathways [2]. The taste buds also start to form [3] with the spinal cord also continuing to develop during the 8th week [4].
This is the week when your baby's facial features (eyes, nose and lips) begin to develop [4]. Pigment starts to form within his eyes along with the eyebrows, which may make them appear to be open [5].
His arms and legs are also getting longer [6] with the hands folding at the wrists and elbows while his body begins to straighten. However, the thighs, knees and toes are not formed yet [1]. The tiny tail visible last week is almost gone along with the thin webbing of the fingers and toes [3]. Your baby has actually started moving this week, but it is still too early for you to feel it.
The heart divides into the left and right chambers, developing distinct aortic and pulmonary valves [4], beating about 150-160 times per minute (twice the heart rate of adults) [7]. The developing lungs start growing branches that connect with the breathing tubes extending from your baby's throat [8]. The pituitary gland, liver and kidneys start developing while the muscle fibers, bones and cartilage begin to grow as well. This is also the week when the blood type of your baby is determined and the liver takes over the job of producing the blood cells (previously done by the yolk sac) [7].
Your baby is now around 1.6 cm in length, about the size of a medium raspberry. [9]
You may have started noticing certain changes in your body by this time. Your body has already started to prepare for breastfeeding your baby, which causes your breasts to appear larger than normal [9].
Your belly may be expanding a little while you may even feel the enlarging uterus (it is as big as a softball by this time) if you gently press your abdomen [10]. But, you will not start showing just yet [11].
A hint of the upper lip, the tip of the nose and the eyelids become visible on ultrasound along with two tiny ears. [12]. In most cases, the beating heart can also be seen by this stage. But, it is still too early to determine the baby's gender through ultrasound [5].
All the symptoms of early pregnancy and morning sickness continue in the eighth week with nausea, vomiting, headache and dizziness being the most common. Having the symptoms of morning sickness generally indicates a healthy pregnancy [11]; however, it is also normal to have no symptoms at this stage. The main symptoms at week 8 are:
Make sure to call the doctor in case you experience any of the following symptoms as they may result from complications like ectopic pregnancy, preeclampsia (high blood pressure), loss of pregnancy and a kidney or yeast infection:
Published on April 4th 2014 by Pregmed Editorial Team.
Article was last reviewed on 13th August 2014.


text:
Doctor insights on:
Lyme Disease Hallucinations
I have lyme disease and my d dimmers were extremely elevated?
May be related to it: It could be related to your inflamation - especially any vascular issues. This will depend on the manfestations that you are having. You can discuss that with your physician. ...Read more
Lyme Disease (Definition)
Lyme is caused by borrelia burgdorferi. Acute symptoms can include bullseye rash, headaches, joint pain, fever, and flu like sx. Chronic symptoms can include fibromyalgia symptoms, nerve pain in extremities, mood swings, brain fog, heart problems. Lab diagnosis is not very reliable, and sometimes clinical ...Read more
What causes Lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi: This spirochete bacterium is transmitted by the bite of an ixodes tick. ...Read more
Could I have Lyme disease?
Yes: But you haven't listed any symptoms, so it's hard to give opinion. Lyme disease symptoms are similar to many others, and can be tested for by your doctor. ...Read moreSee 2 more doctor answers
May Lyme disease re occur?
Yes: One can be reinfected.Get a more detailed answer ›
How was lyme disease discovered?
Mothers of children: Mother of Chidren in Lyme, CT noticed there was an epidemic of Juvenile arthritis is their town. The first recognized outbreak of this disease occurred in Connecticut, United States, in 1975. Further investigation by many including Alan Steere of Yale came up with the diagnosis ...Read more
What are the signs of Lyme disease?
Rash: Area of insect bite gets a red circular area, painless , that can grows to 10 cm diameter. This is the best time to take antibiotics. ...Read more
Is Lyme disease prevalent in the us?
YES: No one knows for sure how many people in the US have lyme disease; one estimate I have seen is 115,000 but the number is likely much higher.The CDC says there are about 27,000 new cases a year but estimates only 1 in 10 are reported, so the CDC estimate is 270,000 new cases per year. Some Lyme experts feel only 1 in 25 cases are reported, which would mean nearly 700,000 new cases a year. See comment. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
What months are heaviest for Lyme disease?
See details: When the ticks are most active. The warm weather months. ...Read more
Is Lyme disease contagious?
Not human to human: Not transmitted human to human.Get a more detailed answer ›
Is there a Lyme disease test?
Yes: There are blood and cerbrospinal fluid tests that can be done to aid in the diagnosis of lyme disease. They must be interpreted carefully by experienced clinicians. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
Hallucinations (Definition)
Hallucinations involve sensing things while awake that appear to be real, but instead have been ...Read more
- Talk to a doctor live online for free
- Lyme disease
- Diseases that mimic lyme disease
- Hallucination
- Ask a doctor a question free online
- Symptoms of lyme disease rash
- Lyme disease without symptoms
- Tick bites and lyme disease
- Ticks that transmit lyme disease
- Talk to a psychiatrist online for free


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Tip #1: Make employees feel part of the organisation
According to the Practical Guide to Human Resources Management, employees who share the aims and objectives of your company work harder to achieve goals.
So make sure your values are in line with those of the majority of your staff members. If you don't stick to your stated values, your staff will become cynical and you'll lose their trust.
You can't afford to overlook the following two tips.
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Tip #2: Tell employees what you expect from them
Give a good basic outline of the standard of work you expect.
Our experts always stress the importance of an induction programme. Use it to motivate your employees. In addition, have good performance contracts and regular discussions with your employees. These are also great motivators.
Tip #3: Make sure employees feel they're achieving
Operating in a vacuum scares most people, even those who are relative self-starters, warn our experts.
They recommend you share goals, strategies and vision and let employees know how they fit in and where they're going in their jobs and the company. This will motivate them and they'll focus on being better performers.
The little things like these tips as well as thanking your employees when they do well go a long way when it comes to dealing with poor performers. So use these tips – you'll see the difference.
PS: Do you have a poor performer?
Here's what you need to do to dismiss him correctly without landing at the CCMA.
Find out more here.
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Employees always sick? How to stop it today
Make sure you develop a leave policy to regulate sick leave in your company.
BONUS! You'll find an example of the leave policy and procedure in this report.
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7 Health & safety strategies to save you thousands
Don't let a health and safety incident cost you one more cent. Implement these seven
strategies in your company today.
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text:
By David Jackson, USA TODAY
WASHINGTON As they prepared Monday for their presidential debate tonight, John McCain attacked Barack Obama's credibility. Some of McCain's fellow Republicans say the aggressive tack may not offset the damage to his candidacy from the sinking economy.
On a day when the stock market dipped below 10,000 points for the first time in years, McCain served notice at an Albuquerque rally that he'll be combative in the debate. As he discussed mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, McCain said Obama has accused him of opposing regulation that would have averted the financial crisis.
DEBATE PANEL: Undecided voters predict the winner join them
VIDEO: Debate could get ugly
POLITICS BLOG: All about tonight's verbal match
"I guess he believes if a lie is big enough and repeated often enough, it will be believed," McCain said.
Obama, taking time out from debate practice in Asheville, N.C., said the candidates should talk about the economy rather than "the usual political shenanigans and smear tactics."
"The American people are losing right now," the Democrat said. The back-and-forth came as polls show McCain losing ground. Obama is leading McCain or essentially tied with him in key states won by President Bush in 2004, including Ohio, Florida, Virginia, Nevada and North Carolina, according to surveys compiled on RealClearPolitics.com.
GOP pollster Steve Lombardo said the window for McCain to challenge Obama's character may be closed. GOP strategist Mark Corallo said the McCain campaign's line of attack on Obama is "about a week too late."
"The economic situation has virtually ended John McCain's presidential aspirations, and no amount of tactical maneuvering in the final 29 days is likely to change that equation," Lombardo wrote to his clients.
Another GOP pollster, Whit Ayres, said the Wall Street crisis "makes Sen. McCain's task more challenging" but noted that it's early to count him out.
McCain's running mate, Sarah Palin, again sought to link Obama to 1960s radical William Ayers, a founder of the Weather Underground group accused of several bombings. Ayers once hosted a 1995 reception for Obama and served with him on two boards.
Obama, who was a child at the time of the bombings, has denounced the group's violence and radical views. He has described Ayers as a "guy who lives in my neighborhood" in Chicago.
Corallo said the McCain campaign should have started bringing up Ayers awhile ago.
Tonight's debate at Belmont University is a town-hall-style format in which both candidates field audience questions. McCain prefers the format. He used town halls effectively to help him win the New Hampshire primary.
Scott Reed, Republican Bob Dole's campaign manager in 1996, said McCain is "swimming into a rip current" and needs to discuss tax cuts to stimulate the economy — while casting Obama as a believer in higher taxes.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.


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Overview Edit
The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations for the Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting (COSO) (also known as the Treadway Commission) was originally formed in 1985 to sponsor the National Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting, an independent private sector initiative which studied the causal factors that can lead to fraudulent financial reporting and developed recommendations for public companies and their independent auditors, for the SEC and other regulators, and for educational institutions.
The National Commission was jointly sponsored by five major professional associations in the United States, the American Accounting Association, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Financial Executives International, The Institute of Internal Auditors, and the National Association of Accountants (now the Institute of Management Accountants). The Commission was wholly independent of each of the sponsoring organizations, and contained representatives from industry, public accounting, investment firms, and the New York Stock Exchange.
The Chairman of the National Commission was James C. Treadway, Jr., Executive Vice President and General Counsel, Paine Webber Incorporated and a former Commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (Hence, the popular name "Treadway Commission"). Currently, the COSO Chairman is Larry E. Rittenberg.


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Event box
Who's Citing Me Now?: Online Express Training
This class will be rescheduled!
Want to understand citation analysis and its application in the tenure/promotion and grant awarding process? This class introduces the basic databases, most common statistics (metrics) used, and how to put it all together.
*Online classes take place from the comfort of your computer or tablet, but registration is required.
Questions? Call the HUB at (205) 975-4821 or Ask a Librarian.
Want to suggest a class on a different day or another topic? Take our survey!
- Date:
- Monday, January 28, 2013
- Time:
- 3:00pm - 4:00pm
- Location:
- Online
- Categories:
- Online Express Training
Registration has closed.


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My story on the Rangers-Bruins finale
Meant to post this last night. Sorry. My game story from The Journal News and LoHud.com: By Rick Carpiniello BOSTON — There won't be any miracle comeback for the Rangers, won't be any of those good feelings they experienced last year after virtually running the table during the regular season,… Read More →


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Blank Deckled Stationery Cards & Envelopes - Design & decorate your own cards
This stationery is the jewel of Italian paper making. Made on slow rotating mould machines and impeccably crafted out of the finest paper pulp in 260 gram weight folded cards and 120 gram weight envelopes. For card creations in a wide variety of media. Medioevalis are a complete range of elegant blank cards and envelopes, illustrating Fabriano's enduring tradition of timelessness and quality. Fabriano Medioevalis brings distinctive Italian style and grace to personalized invitations, greeting cards and announcements for all occasions. Perfect surface for pen, pencil, charcoal, pastel, light washes, stamping, rubbings, stenciling, printmaking, letterpress, and inkjet printing.
- Soft white mould-made paper with deckle edges
- Card weight is 260 gsm / Envelope weight is 120 gsm.
- Available In: Blank Cards, Envelopes & Box Sets of Both
- Distinctive Italian style
- Crafted in Italy by the Fabriano mill
- Luxurious soft feel
- Personalized invitations
- Greeting cards
- Announcements
- For all occasions
- Quick notes
- Heartfelt thank you


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How close do you want it? If you're a 'leave a bit of stubble' sort of guy, forget it, this isn't for you ' it's almost impossible NOT to get a close shave with this outstanding product! It's a richly lathering soap that comes in a screw-top tin, so you can use the lid as a bowl for lathering up. You want the best things in life, and for sure this is one of them. It's manufactured to rigorous European standards and provides a fresh clean scent that will leave your skin fresh and smooth throughout the day.
If you decide to keep this all for yourself, we'll understand, but we have to tell you that friends and family members would probably really appreciate receiving Gold Dachs Classic Shaving Soap in a Tin as a gift. And besides, you're not the selfish type, are you? Get some for Dad or even Mom for that matter ' she'll be thrilled by what it does for her legs!
Size: 60g
Made in Germany.


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Chris Parrinello <chr...@chrispy.net>
|Re: [Catalina] Session Store?
|Mon, 01 May 2000 16:10:56 GMT
"Craig R. McClanahan" wrote: > > Hi Chris .. I'll be happy to sign you up for whichever Store implementations you > want to work on. You're correct -- the FileStore one needs to be fleshed out > (although I'm not sure that file-per-session is going to scale real well). I'd > also like to see Store implementations that use a database via JDBC, plus other > approaches that might sound reasonable. > > Craig I'd be interested in doing the JDBC implementation as well. Thanks, Chris
|View raw message


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$ 65.00
Kahina Giving Beauty Eye Cream
Moisturize, calm, and treat the sensitive eye area while minimizing signs of aging. Aloe vera, sodium hyaluronate and argan oil soothe and hydrate.
aqua, argania spinosa (argan) kernel oil*, caprylic/capric triglyceride, cetearyl olivate, sorbitan olivate, glycerin, populus tremuloides (aspen) bark extract, betaine, cetyl palmitate, xanthan gum, p-anisic acid, sodium hyaluronate, hexapeptide-11, aloe barbadensis (aloe vera) leaf juice*, rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaf extract*, helianthus annuss (sunflower) seed oil*, crithmum maritimum (sea fennel) extract, oryza sativa (rice) seed extract*, camellia sinensis leaf extract, olea europea (olive) leaf extract, saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, rhodiola rosea root extract, aroma, amyl cinnamal, linalool
Apply morning and evening to eye area after cleansing. Use a light touch and dab around eyes. May be applied after Eye Serum to maximize benefits.


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Article Options
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What is TACACS+ accounting and how do I configure it?
Product and Software: This article applies to ArubaOS 3.1 and later.
TACACS+ accounting allows network managers to log all the activity (commands) executed on the switch.
To configure TACACS+ accounting, follow these steps:
1) Configure the TACACS server.
- aaa authentication-server tacacs <name_of_server>
- host <ip_address>
- key <shared_secret>
Other parameters are optional, but by default mode are enabled, and the server is configured to use TCP Port 49.
2) Configure the server group for TACACS servers.
- aaa server-group <name_of_server_group>
- auth-server <name_of_tacacs_server>
Other parameters are optional, like fail through (disabled by default) and server derivation rules.
3) Enable TACACS accounting.
- aaa tacacs-accounting server-group tacacs command <command_subset_for_accounting> mode enable
Command subset options are: all, action, configuration, and show.
You will have to add the switch as a client on the TACACS+ server. Sample accounting log file is shown here:
Version history


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'Multi-speed' Europe emerges after EU summit clash
European Union leaders failed on Friday to agree on treaty change to fight the debt crisis with British Prime Minister David Cameron pinned as the chief culprit by French President Nicolas Sarkozy.
But British Foreign Secretary William Hague said on Friday that the stand take by Britain would not lead to a "two-speed" Europe.
EU president Herman Van Rompuy explained that 23 of the 27 EU member states will now work to conclude a pact to attain similar goals designed to bring about economic convergence despite some legal obstacles.
As the long-predicted multi-speed Europe appears to take shape, the eurozone is the principal group concerned.
A pecking order already exists within the 17-nation monetary union, based on the debt scorecard given by international credit ratings agencies. The other non-euro nations of the EU have their own economic hierarchy.
The EU states can be grouped as follows:
France has faced warnings it could face a downgrade especially if it has to lend more and more money to struggling eurozone partners.
It is one of just six top-rated eurozone states alongside Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Finland and Luxembourg.
There are another 11 eurozone states in various bands that can be summarised as follows:
Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain. This group was given the disparaging acronym by analysts in the early days of the debt crisis two years ago. Greece, Portugal and Ireland were bailed out. Now markets fear that Italy and Spain, the third and fourth eurozone economies, could follow suit.
Another two, Belgium and Cyprus, have themselves recently come under pressure from the EU over their budget plans for next year.
Four more states have adopted the euro: Slovakia, which initially rejected throwing any more of its taxpayer monies into the eurozone rescue fund, plus Slovenia, Malta and Estonia, the most recent country to adopt the currency.
Of the 10 non-euro countries in the EU, eight are eventually supposed to adopt the euro. Britain and Denmark have opt outs.
At the summit, Hungary joined Britain in ruling out joining the drive to change the EU treaty.
Another two of the eight, Sweden and the Czech Republic, remain undecided.
The six others, Denmark, Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania, decided to team up with the eurozone.
And despite all of the disagreements, Croatia will join the EU family in 2013, becoming the 28th member of a divided bloc.


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This week, SaleHoo celebrates its fifth birthday. For half a decade, we've been helping online sellers to business success. We've worked hard to build a network of 8,000 of the world's best legitimate suppliers and a knowledge bank of tips and training from online selling experts. But we couldn't have done it without you, our fabulous community of members!
As a thank you to the SaleHoo community, we are running two great promotions in April.
Twitter has taken the world by storm and is a great way for us to keep in touch with the SaleHoo community. You will find us tweeting tips, news and updates, keeping you in the loop with all the latest from the world of online selling.
If you are not already following us on Twitter, then you are missing out on a ton of hot product sourcing and selling tips. This month we are giving away a free eBook to all of our new Twitter followers!
The Book, What to Sell 2010, is normally only available to our Members and is packed with great advice on the best products to sell including:
Get your FREE copy of this powerful book simply by clicking the link below and sharing it on your Twitter feed. Then make sure you are following SaleHoo in your Twitter account. You'll receive a DM (that's Direct Message Twitter speak) with a link to download the Book, within 12 hours after you begin following us.
Click here to share and get your FREE copy of 'What to Sell in 2010'
(Remeber to Follow us too!)
Read on for more ways to win as part of our birthday celebrations.
Before coming on board at SaleHoo, Marc Ransom was a hugely successful online seller. Marc has made more than $100,000 selling on sites such as eBay, so what he doesn't know about online selling isn't worth knowing!
To celebrate SaleHoo's fifth birthday, Marc is giving one person the gift of his knowledge. The lucky winner will receive:
It is impossible to put a value on this prize (well.... at least $3000!) - Marc will help you take your online business to the next level.
To enter the draw to win a One-To-One with SaleHoo Community Manager Marc Ransom, you must complete both actions below.
The winner will be drawn on May 1st. Good luck!
Discover four of the most profitable niches on eBay and get details for the best suppliers for these niches. Enter your details below and we will send them instantly.
Your list of profitable markets and supplier details are on their way to your email inbox.
Be sure to add email@example.com to your safelist to ensure we can deliver the free suppliers details to you.
If you haven't received an email from us in 5 minutes, please check your spam folder or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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I have setup 3 email addresses on my Exchange server so that I could have multiple departments in Spiceworks. I have helpdesk@ workorder@ and spiceworks@ If someone emails helpdesk@ it gets forwarded to Spiceworks@ and then creates a ticket. If they email workorder@ it gets forwarded the same but get auto assigned using rules. The problem is that the Spiceworks@ reopens tickets that are closed. I have set an advanced filter to filter out spiceworks@ to not update the tickets but on about 30% of them it will still add it as a CC and basically may a no comment to the ticket. Any thoughts??
This topic was created during version 5.2.
The latest version is 7.5.00101.
5 Replies
Dec 13, 2011 at 9:19 UTC
I'm a bit confused. Some background on what you're trying to achieve might help. Are you trying to auto-assign help desk tickets to different people per the department that is requesting the support?
Dec 14, 2011 at 11:01 UTC
Yes that is correct. workorder@..... gets forwarded to spiceworks@.... and when spiceworks pulls it in as a ticket it gets auto assigned to a users that takes care of maintenance issues. Now if they need technical support they email helpdesk@.... and it gets forwarded to spiceworks@ and then gets pulled into spiceworks it just creates the ticket without auto assigning it to anyone. The problem is that spiceworks@ email gets added to the ticket and when lets say I close the ticket it reopens the ticket because it goes back to the spiceworks@ email as a CC.
I know this is not much better but email me direct and maybe we can get a phone call or something. firstname.lastname@example.com
Dec 14, 2011 at 11:22 UTC
It's confusing but I think I've got it now. However, a solution doesn't immediately jump out at me. Are you totally opposed to using the portal that level of functionality? There you could require a category and auto-assign based on the category.
Dec 14, 2011 at 1:51 UTC
The deal is that I have it working by using the CC Email filter under additional email settings by filtering help@ and workorder@ so that it does not get in the loop of resending the emails when the spiceworks@ sends out. The strange thing is that this work about 80% of the time but every now and then it will readd the spiceworks@ as a CC to the ticket that then sends it back through the help@ that reopens the ticket and the circle keeps going.
Dec 14, 2011 at 2:11 UTC
I think it's adding the CC not because Spiceworks@ is being CC'd in an email but because there is an email coming from Spiceworks@ as the sender with the ticket information on it that is being added to the existing ticket. I don't think the CC Email Filter will work in that case.
I just verified this myself.
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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Creating a Trade Credit Policy to Maximize Cash Flow While Minimizing Bad Debt
Product ID: 702574
- Duration: 90 Min
Customer Care
Fax: +1-650-565-8542
Email: email@example.com
This credit policy webinar will help participant create an effective trade credit policy that will maximize cash flow from the receivables while maximizing sales and minimizing bad debt expense.
Why Should You Attend:
When a small/new business grows in revenue, a strong credit policy is required to ensure profits and cash flow grow as well. This policy dictates how one of the company's largest assets, its trade accounts receivable, will be successfully managed to align with the sales goals of an organization.
Too many companies simply rely only on the experience of its credit department personnel to make individual credit decisions and manage the day-to-day receivables management process. This strategy doesn't generally consider the company's overall sales and marketing strategies nor does it rely on a specific, well thought out policy to drive risk decisions. This webinar helps the participant create an effective trade credit policy that will maximize cash flow from the receivables while maximizing sales and minimizing bad debt expense.
This practical webinar shows companies how to mesh their sales strategies with their credit strategies. We will detail the issues surrounding the use of credit terms in a business, the needed processes to qualify customers for unsecured credit, how exceptions will be managed, and how risk will be monitored and adjusted with the policy.
At the end of this webinar, the speaker will handle specific questions you may have regarding sell on credit to high risk commercial customers.
Areas Covered in the Webinar:
- The purpose of a credit policy.
- How sales/marketing strategies affect credit policy.
- What elements go into creating a credit policy.
- How your product/service margins affect goals and credit strategies.
- How credit strategies dictate collection processes.
- What authority levels need to be established.
- Differentiating between a "credit" decision and a "business" decision.
Who will Benefit:
- CFO's
- Controllers
- Credit Directors
- Credit Managers
- Office Managers
- Accounting Managers
- Business Owners
- Finance Directors
Pam Krank, is a top global trade receivables expert. She's a lively and engaging speaker on the subject of credit management. Pam has been studying and managing trade receivables portfolios for 33 years in over 400 companies. Pam works with companies looking to more effectively manage the risk associated with trade credit to maximize cash flow and minimize bad debt expense.
More Trainings by Expert
Bad Debt Forecasting: Two Methods to Accurately Calculate Future Trade Credit Losses
Refund Policy
Registrants may cancel up to two working days prior to the course start date and will receive a letter of credit to be used towards a future course up to one year from date of issuance. ComplianceOnline would process/provide refund if the Live Webinar has been cancelled. The attendee could choose between the recorded version of the webinar or refund for any cancelled webinar. Refunds will not be given to participants who do not show up for the webinar. On-Demand Recordings can be requested in exchange.
Webinar may be cancelled due to lack of enrolment or unavoidable factors. Registrants will be notified 24hours in advance if a cancellation occurs. Substitutions can happen any time.
If you have any concern about the content of the webinar and not satisfied please contact us at below email or by call mentioning your feedback for resolution of the matter.
We respect feedback/opinions of our customers which enables us to improve our products and services. To contact us please email email@example.com call +1-888-717-2436 (Toll Free).
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text: To get from Bacoli a Aci Catena by train you can catch one of the 2 trains that everyday travel between Pozzuoli Solfatara and Acireale, the closest station to the city. The first train to Acireale leaves from Pozzuoli Solfatara at 05:53 and the last train departs at 10:53. If you choose a local train the trip lasts on average 10:20 hours. On Wanderio you can compare all schedules, fares and railway companies to Acireale and book the best itinerary starting from Pozzuoli Solfatara.