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Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards - Narrative
- Ursula Harvey
- 2 years ago
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1 THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: GAIN Report Number: Philippines Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards - Narrative FAIRS Country Report Approved By: Emiko Purdy Prepared By: Pia A. Ang Report Highlights: This report outlines Philippine government requirements for the importation of food and agricultural products. This report aims to assist U.S. exporters by providing information on labeling, packaging, permitted ingredients and other information. It also provides points of contact for key Philippine government authorities, U.S. government and trade associations. Sections I on Food Laws; IV on Other Regulations and VII on Animal Feed Ingredients have been updated.
2 Section I. Food Laws: Food and Drug Administration: On August 18, 2009, President Arroyo signed a new law strengthening the regulatory capacity of the Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD) to ensure the safety, quality, and efficacy of medicines and other health products in the country. Republic Act No otherwise known as the Food and Drug Administration Act of 2009, also renames BFAD as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with improved administrative and technical capacity in the regulation of food, drugs, cosmetic, and device establishments and products. The new law also provides for the establishment of adequate testing laboratories, upgrading the agency s equipment, augmentation of its human resources complement, and gives it authority to retain its income for its operations. The FDA will also have four new centers on the regulation and research of drugs, food, cosmetics and devices to ensure their safety, efficacy, and quality. These products will be regulated by the FDA in terms of importation, export, manufacturing, distribution, advertising, and marketing. FDA, an agency under the Department of Health, will have expanded powers, including the ability to ban, recall, and withdraw any health product that have caused death, serious illness or injury to a consumer. The agency will also have the authority to conduct spot checks on establishments for compliance and issue cease-and-desist orders of products that fail safety standards. The agency will continue to assume the primary jurisdiction in the collection and inspection of samples of health products prior to the issuance of appropriate certificates. The law also allowed the FDA to establish a Regulatory Enforcement Unit to serve executive rulings of the FDA as well as executive and serve search warrants and arrests. The law enforcement unit will run for a period of not exceeding five years upon the implementation of RA Another salient feature of RA 9711 is allowing the FDA to keep its income from testing of products to upgrade their laboratories and other equipment. The law takes effect 15 days after its publication in the Office Gazette or in two national newspapers. To date, RA 9711 has not yet been published. Health and Agriculture: The two main agencies tasked with developing and enforcing food safety standards in the Philippines are the Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD) under the Department of Health (DOH), and the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Product Standards (BAFPS) of the Department of Agriculture (DA). Under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act, BFAD was made responsible for the safety of processed food products while the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) made BAFPS accountable for fresh and primary agricultural and fisheries products. Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act: In 1963, Republic Act No (RA 3720) or the "Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act" was enacted to ensure the safety and purity of foods, drugs and cosmetics made available to the public. Under the Food Act, the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) was created under the DOH. Executive Order No. 175 (EO 175) later renamed the FDA as the Bureau of Food and Drug. BFAD s primary function is to ensure the safety, proper handling, efficacy, purity and quality of processed foods, drugs, diagnostic reagents, medical devices, cosmetics and hazardous household substances. The Bureau of Food and Drugs oversees the control of the manufacture and sale of processed foods, where the major concerns are adulteration and mislabeling of food products. It is responsible for the surveillance of imported food products at legal ports of entry. Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act: The Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFPS) under the Department of Agriculture was established in 1997 as provided for by Republic Act No or the Agriculture Fisheries and Modernization Act. Its major duties include formulating and enforcing standards of quality in the processing, preservation, packaging, labeling, importation, exportation, distribution and advertising of fresh and primary agricultural and fisheries products. BAFPS also provides assistance in establishing the scientific basis for food safety, trade standards and codes of practice and harmonizes them with internationally accepted standards and practices. BAFPS serves as the National Enquiry Point for Codex Alimentarius and other food safety and standards regulatory bodies. It is in charge of monitoring and disseminating information on international developments in food safety. Regulatory Agencies: A number of different regulatory bodies exist in the Philippines and these are often supported by specialist commissions which focus on specific technical matters such as meat inspection, biosafety, etc. The main regulatory bodies monitoring the safety aspects of imported agriculture and food products are the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI), Bureau of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources (BFAR) and the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI). All these bureaus are under the jurisdiction of DA.
3 Republic Act No (RA 3639) established the BAI and empowered it to prescribe standards for quality in the manufacture, importation, labeling, advertising, distribution and sale of livestock, poultry, meat products, dairy products and animal feeds and veterinary supplies in the country. The BAI is also charged with preventing, controlling, containing and eradicating communicable animal disease by regulating the flow of animals and animal products in the country. Presidential Decree No. 7 (PD 7) authorizes the National Meat Inspection Commission (NMIC) to implement policies and procedures governing post production flow of livestock, meat and meat products both locally produced and imported through the various stages of marketing. The NMIC supervises the operations of abattoirs and meat establishments and conducts ante- and post-mortem inspections of meat. The Meat Import/Export Services of the NMIC ensures that imported or exportable meat and meat products are produced under acceptable conditions and systems. In June 2004, Republic Act 9296 (RA 9296) otherwise known as the National Meat Inspection Code was signed into law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) were issued in October The law, which transfers certain NMIC functions to the Local Government Units, was crafted to harmonize Philippine meat inspection laws with international standards to enable the domestic meat processing industry to participate in global trade. Moreover, the NMIC was officially renamed the National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS). While the BAI has jurisdiction over the import of both live animals and meat, the NMIS plays a key role in the enforcement of the regulations over fresh, chilled and frozen meat and poultry imports into the Philippines. The Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI), created through series of laws - Republic Acts, Presidential Decrees, Executive and Administrative Orders, has the primary task of promoting the development of plant industries through research and development, crop production and protection and effective technology promotion and transfer. Presidential Decree No (PD 1433), the Plant Quarantine Law authorizes the DA through the BPI to exercise inspection and certification and/or treatment activities on imported and exportable plant products such as fruits and vegetables. PD 1433 also mandates the BPI to prevent the introduction of exotic pests into the country, to prevent further spread of existing plant pests and to enforce phytosanitary measures for the export of plants, plant products and regulated articles. Presidential Decree No. 704 (PD 704) gives the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources the administrative responsibility to control fish and other marine products. The Fisheries Post-Harvest Technology Division (FPHTD) of BFAR issues commodity clearances (i.e., import permits) and other requirements for the import of fish and fishery products. Import Regulations: All imported food and agricultural products are required to comply with the Philippines food health and phytosanitary laws. In general, none of these products is allowed to enter the Philippines if it is deemed to pose a danger to human life or well-being, either directly or indirectly. All food and agricultural products, including plant products that enter the Philippines, are required to pass through procedures designed to check that they are not contaminated with any pest and that they are fit for their intended use. At present, national microbiological standards for food have not yet been established. Philippine food regulations are thus generally patterned after CODEX Alimentarius Commission guidelines as well as regulations established by the FDA of the United States and similar regulatory bodies in other countries. The health and phytosanitary regulations and procedures applied on imported agriculture and food products are broadly similar for all types of products. Under Philippine import laws, it is the responsibility of the importer to ensure that any product entering the country s customs territory is in full compliance with Philippine health and phytosanitary regulations. The enforcing authorities will check for compliance by inspecting the goods and relevant import/export documentation and decide on whether the goods may enter the Philippines. In cases of non-compliance, the goods may be required to be treated before being released or they may be rejected and ordered destroyed or disposed of outside the Philippines. It is therefore very important that importers and exporters ensure that compliance is achieved before the goods are shipped to the Philippines.
4 Section II. Labeling Requirements: Labeling standards that are used in the United States are generally acceptable, and are widely used by Philippine food manufacturers involved in supplying both the local and export markets. Local regulations do, in some cases, require different labeling content for a small number of products. These include bottled water and prepackaged processed meats, which are covered by specific labeling regulations that have been developed by BFAD. The following information is required to be on the labels of imported food products: Name of the food; List of ingredients used in the product (in decreasing order of proportion), including additives, flavorings and preservatives used; Net contents and drained weight; Name and address of manufacturer/packer or distributor, including country of origin for imported products and name and the address of Philippine importer/distributor; Lot identification. Additional information on food labeling contained in BFAD AO No. 88-B (1994) may be obtained from Nutritional and Health Claims and Advertising: The label of food that is marketed for special dietary uses, e.g., diabetic foods, must include information concerning its vitamin, mineral and other dietary properties as required by the BFAD, and in a manner that fully informs purchasers of the product's intrinsic value in terms of its special use. BFAD has the authority to prescribe general standards and guidelines for food advertisements. It is also responsible for monitoring and ascertaining the veracity of nutritional and medicinal claims in food advertisements in the various media. BFAD may call upon any manufacturer, distributor, or advertiser to desist from inaccurate or misleading nutritional or medicinal claims in their advertisement. Should any food manufacturer, distributor or advertiser refuse or fail to obey the BFAD order to desist from using false claims, it can be assessed penalties under the law and regulations. Imported Food Products: The BFAD requires that importers provide advance copies of the labels of the products they intend to import. This information is required for the registration of imported food and drink products. The content of such labels is scrutinized to establish whether it is acceptable under CODEX and BFAD requirements. Nutritional and medical claims made on such labels are one of the factors considered by BFAD when evaluating applications to register foreign products for import into the Philippines, especially Category II products such as food supplements, infant foods and special dietary foods. Products that have labels, which make claims that cannot be easily substantiated, can be banned from entry into the country. No labeling for biotechnology or organic products is currently required by the Philippine government Section III. Packaging and Container Regulations: Codex Alimentarius and USFDA regulations serve as the Philippine BFAD s main reference guidelines for policy pertaining to good manufacturing practices and suitability of packaging materials for food use. Hence, compliance with Codex and/or U.S. regulations for packaged foods will almost always assure compliance with Philippine regulations. Importers need, however, to register packaged products with BFAD before they are sold at retail outlets (see Section VI). Section IV. Food Additives Regulations: Food additives must comply with the Philippine Food Act and the regulations that have been established by the BFAD for such products. Food additives are broadly defined by BFAD as "any substance that becomes a component part of a processed food product or otherwise affects the characteristics of the food product." As such, they include any substance which has a direct or indirect impact on the food as a result of its use in producing, manufacturing, processing and preparing the food product, and
5 in packing, treating, packaging, transporting, and/or holding the food product. Please see Appendix I for the list of acceptable food additives by BFAD. Section V. Pesticides and Other Contaminants: The Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA) was created in 1977 by Presidential Decree No.1144 (PD 1144). The FPA is the designated national authority for registration matters. FPA licenses pesticide distributors and dealers and issues import certificates. Registration may be suspended or cancelled when there is imminent danger of misuse of the products or violations of regulations by handlers. Education, training and certification of pesticide handlers and agro-medical officers are also significant activities of the FPA. Registration of new and toxic pesticides requires evaluation by the FPA for risk and benefits. While the FPA is the designated regulatory agency for registration matters, the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) is the agency mandated to monitor the levels of pesticide residue in crops to protect both local and international consumers. It also monitors the level of chemical residues on agricultural crops and by-products and recommends policies for the safety of consumers. Moreover, BPI determines and evaluates practices on the use of pesticides for possible modification. Section VI. Other Regulations and Requirements: Registration of Processed Food Products: All processed food products offered for retail sale in the Philippines must be registered with BFAD. Registration of imported products may only be undertaken by a Philippine entity, although some documentation and, for certain types of products, samples need to be provided by the exporter. Products have been divided into two categories with distinct sets of registration requirements and procedures. Category I includes: bakery & bakery related products; non-alcoholic beverages & beverage mixes; candies & confectionery products; cocoa & cocoa related products; coffee, tea & non-dairy creamer; condiments, sauces & seasonings; culinary products; gelatin, dessert preparation & mixes; dairy products; dressings & spreads; flour/flour mixes & starch; fish & other marine products; fruits, vegetable & edible fungi (prepared); meat and poultry products (prepared); noodles, pastas & pastry wrapper; nut & nut products; native delicacies; oils, fats & shortening; snack foods & breakfast cereals and; sugar & other related products. Category II includes: alcoholic beverages; food supplements; tea (herbal); bottled drinking water; food for infants and children; foods for special dietary use; transgenic food products (use of genetic engineering/biotechnology) and; ethnic food products with indigenous ingredient(s) not common in the Philippines. An application for registration should be filed by the Philippine importer for the importation and distribution/offer for sale of each class per brand of product. Only products with a valid Certificate of Product Registration from BFAD will be allowed for retail sale in the Philippines. Following are the list of requirements for the registration of food products: Category I Letter of application for registration from importer/distributor; Accomplished Affidavit of Undertaking, typewritten and notarized; Accomplished product list by product classification, three (3) copies; Valid License to Operate (from BFAD) with name of supplier/source(s) of imported food product; Copy of sales invoice; One sample of each product in commercial presentation and a copy of the label that is in conformance with Codex Labeling Regulations and BFAD requirements. In lieu of product sample, a colored picture of each product may be
6 Category II submitted. A sticker indicating the name and address of the importer must be attached if such information is not printed on the label; Registration fee of Pesos 200 per product. Letter of application for registration from importer/distributor; Valid License to Operate (LTO) as an importer/distributor (issued by BFAD); Product Information List of ingredients in decreasing order of proportion. For additives with prescribed limit, the amount added must be indicated; Finished product specification (physico-chemical and microbiological); Samples of the product in its commercial presentation for laboratory analysis; Loose label and labeling materials to be used for the products; Estimated shelf-life, parameters used and methods for determining shelf-life; Brief description/flow diagram of the method of manufacture; Certificate of analysis. Include analytical methods used. Additional requirements for food supplements may apply as necessary; Registration fee of Pesos 250 to 1,000 per product plus cost of laboratory analysis. Laboratory testing by BFAD for products under Category II is mandatory to determine the safety of the product and to assure that there will be no misbranding or adulteration. Products under Category I may be subject to random examination at any time while in the country and the cost of laboratory analysis shall be charged to the importer. A Certificate of Product Registration (CPR) shall be issued by BFAD and shall be valid for one (1) year. Subsequent renewal of a CPR shall be valid for a period of five (5) years. Cost of renewal ranges from Pesos 1,000 for Category I products to Pesos 5,000 for Category II products and Pesos 5,000 for food supplements and bottled water. Exporters should also note that a Philippine importer needs to secure a License to Operate (LTO) from BFAD, which is actually a prerequisite for the registration of any food product. The License lists names of foreign suppliers or sources of the products being registered. Thus, the importer is required to obtain from the exporter and submit to BFAD the following: (1) a copy of the Foreign Agency Agreement duly authenticated by the Philippine Consulate in the country of origin and; (2) a Certificate of Status of Manufacture by the exporter issued by the Government Health Agency of the country where the product is manufactured; this should also be authenticated by the Philippine Consulate. In March 2007, BFAD issued Bureau Circular No. 6-A (2007) imposing additional requirements for imported products to be sold in the Philippines. BFAD requires all importers to obtain a Certificate of Free Sale for the said product from the regulatory agency of the exporting country. The cost of initial one-year licensing fee is Pesos 4,000. Renewal of License to Operate, valid for two (2) years, is Pesos 8,000. Additional information may be obtained from the BFAD website:
7 Section VII. Other Specific Standards: Import Regulations for Food Products: The Philippines is a signatory to the World Trade Organization and has lifted quantitative restrictions (QRs) on imports of food products except for rice. Tariff-Rate Quotas (TRQs) still remain on a number of sensitive products such as corn, poultry meat, pork, sugar and coffee. Minimum Access Volumes (MAV) has been established for these commodities. The GRP opened its rice market in 2002 when it allowed the private sector, mainly traders, to import rice. Prior to this, the National Food Authority (NFA) was the sole importer of rice. The NFA expanded rice importation to include farmer groups although this sector was inexperienced in rice importation, and therefore, was unable to fill the allocation it was given. Private sector rice imports are assessed a 50-percent tariff rate and import licenses are regulated by the NFA. Imports by the NFA, on the other hand, usually for buffer stock purposes, are imported duty-free. In 2005, the GRP completed negotiations with other WTO members for the extension of its quantitative restrictions on rice. Quarantine clearances that serve as import licenses are required prior to the importation of fresh fruits and vegetables as well as meat and meat products. All other food product imports do not have licensing requirements except for commodities entering duty-free or subject to an in-quota tariff such as frozen pork, frozen poultry, fresh/chilled potatoes, coffee beans, corn and coffee extract. In all cases, imported meat, fish or produce requires that a registered importer be the receiver of the shipment. Consequently, the importer would have to be knowledgeable about the regulations associated with the particular commodity being imported. Import Regulations for Meat and Meat Products: In September 2005, the DA issued Administrative Order No. 26 (AO 26), which updated its Administrative Order No. 39 (2000) or the Revised Rules, Regulations and Standards Governing the Importation of Meat and Meat Products into the Philippines. AO 26 reiterates the need for a DA-accredited importer to obtain a Veterinary Quarantine Clearance (VQC) certificate prior to the importation of meat and meat products. A VQC will now be valid for 60 days from the date of issuance, within which the meat or meat products are to be shipped from the country of origin, and may no longer be extended beyond that. A VQC is non-transferable and can only be used by the
8 consignee to whom it was issued. A one shipment/bill-of-laiding per VQC issued policy will be strictly adhered to. The complete text of Administrative Order No. 26 may be obtained from: At present, all U.S. meat establishments that are regulated and inspected by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) are eligible to export meat and poultry to the Philippines. There is a great deal of sensitivity in the Philippines about U.S. food products that are packed in cartons with labels indicating shipment to another country. It is recommended that such markings be covered or removed since the Philippines does not require the cartons to be marked for export to the Philippines. Import Regulations for Live Animals: On December 22, 2005, the Philippine DA formally agreed to allow U.S. live breeder cattle imports into the country subject to the terms and conditions specified in the Philippine Import Health Protocol for Live Cattle from the United States, negotiated by the APHIS and the Bureau of Animal Industry. As with meat and meat products, importers are required to obtain a Veterinary Quarantine Clearance (VQC) Certificate from BAI prior to the shipment of animals. Specific import terms and conditions contained in the protocol can be obtained from APHIS Veterinary Services. The Philippines likewise allows imports of live poultry, swine and their products provided that they are accompanied by a USDA health certificate. Specific Philippine import requirements for live animals and animal products may be obtained from: All live animals from the United States must be accompanied by an APHIS Certificate of Inspection of Export Animals (VS Form 17-37) and a U.S. origin Health Certificate. The DA also allows the importation of protein-free tallow with insoluble impurities below 0.15% in weight. Moreover, beef products derived from beef from Australia or New Zealand, must be certified as having been legally imported from said countries. For collagen casings of bovine origin, the BAI requires additional FSIS certification that the product was prepared from hides and skins other than that coming from the head. A summary of Philippine export requirements for meat and poultry products from the United States may be obtained from Import Regulations For Fish and Seafood: In 1999, the Department of Agriculture completed implementing rules and regulations for Republic Act 8550 (RA 8550) of 1998 known as the Fisheries Code. The regulations are embodied in Fisheries Administrative Order 195. The new order clarified the need for importers to obtain quarantine permits. The importation of fresh/chilled/frozen fish and fishery/aquatic products is allowed only when certified as necessary by the Secretary of Agriculture in order to achieve food security taking into consideration public welfare and safety. Only the importation of fresh/chilled/frozen fish and fishery/aquatic products for canning and processing purposes and those undertaken by institutional buyers is exempt from such certification. Further, all importation must satisfy the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) standards as provided under Section 67 of RA All fish and fishery/aquatic products imported into the Philippines intended for distribution and further processing must be accompanied by an International Health Certificate issued by the authorized or competent regulatory agency from the country of origin and must be presented as part of the documentation requirements upon arrival. The International Health certificate shall be issued on the basis that the following requirements have been met: Fish and fishery/aquatic products meet the quality of fresh fish prior to freezing shall be graded accordingly to size. The fishery products must be handled and processed hygienically in processing plants and/or freezer vessels. Frozen fishery products must be kept and maintained at -18 C or lower during transport. Fish and fishery/aquatic products must be subject to visual inspection for parasite check. Fish infested with parasites, must be removed from the batch. Moreover, the International Health Certificate shall be supported with the following laboratory test results, which shall not
9 exceed for the indicator organisms, such as: Total viable count 10/gram E. coli 10 to 100/gram Salmonella absent in 25 gram sample Shigella absent Vibrio cholerae absent Fishery/aquatic products must be packed under hygienic condition to prevent contamination from lubricants, oils, fuels or any hazardous substances. The following information should appear on the packaging and on the accompanying documents: the country of origin written out in full; species of fish/fishery products weight and content; address of supplier; and BFAR Inspection stamp mark. Frozen fishery/aquatic products imported in bulk intended for further processing are not covered by this requirement. Additional information may be downloaded on fish and fish product importation from On January 8, 2007, the Philippine Department of Agriculture (DA) issued Fisheries Administrative Order No. 225 lifting the six-year ban on the importation of live Pacific white shrimps, known scientifically as Penaeus vannamei. The DA projects that the lifting of the ban would result in the doubling of domestic shrimp production within the next two years. The vannamei stock is believed to grow faster that the local black tiger prawn and requires less expensive low-protein feed. This follows a two-year intensive study and testing period by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) on imported Pacific white shrimp stocks. Fisheries Administrative Order No. 207, issued by the DA in 2001, banned the importation and culture of live shrimp and prawns in the country to protect the local shrimp industry from contamination by the Taura virus that had nearly wiped out shrimp farms in various parts of Asia. Under the new directive, grow-out farmers must have a permit to import brood stock from BFAR, which will be issued on the basis of inspection of hatchery facilities. Such inspection and accreditation will be undertaken by the National Fishery Research and Development Institute and the concerned BFAR Regional Office. The administrative order likewise states that the brood stock must come only from the eight brood stock facilities in the United States that are known to have the capacity to produce brood stock that are specific pathogen-free or specific pathogen-resistant. The eight brood stock facilities are High Health Aquaculture, Inc. (Hawaii), Kona Bay Marine Resources (Hawaii), Molokai Sea Farms International (Hawaii), Rainbow Hawaii Farms (Hawaii), Shrimp Production Hawaii, Inc. (Hawaii), Shrimp Improvement Systems, Inc. (Florida), Harlingen Shrimp Farms, Ltd. (Texas) and SyAqua USA (Kentucky). Also under the guidelines of the directive, a brood stock facility must have a minimum of two years disease-free status, as certified by a competent authority from the country of origin, and must submit a disease history for the period covering its commercial establishment to the present Import Regulations for Fresh Produce: In response to pressure from domestic vegetable producers to limit imports as well as to crack down on illegal importation of fruits and vegetables into the Philippines, the DA has further tightened its import permit application procedures. In March 2003 through Memorandum No. 18 (MO 18), the Bureau of Plant and Industry imposed additional requirements for all imported fresh fruits and vegetables. The implementation of these additional checks and authentication processes, often times result in delays of imports of the affected products. BPI regulates imports of fresh fruits and vegetables. All imports of fresh produce require phytosanitary clearances from BPI, which also serve as import licenses. These permits are applied for by the Philippine importer for each shipment. Shipments of fresh fruits and vegetables must be accompanied by a USDA Phytosanitary Certificate (PC) issued at the port of origin.
10 Like meat and meat product, import permits for fruits and vegetables need to be secured prior to exportation from the United States. The date of shipment should not be earlier than the import permit. In January 2006, the APHIS Regional Office in Manila submitted the pest list for the following U.S. vegetables: broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce, carrots, cabbage and celery to BPI as requested, in order for it to conduct a pest risk analysis. BPI and APHIS are currently in the process of negotiating the import protocols for the concerned vegetables. In the interim, BPI has expressed willingness to allow these products entry into the country provided that they are intended for the high-end market (i.e., hotels, restaurants and supermarkets). However, while BPI insists that it continues to process and issue import permits, Philippine importers have reported some delays in obtaining the permits. In 1995, BPI established plant health regulations, which allow the import of U.S. apples, grapes, oranges, potatoes, onions, and garlic from the United States, provided these products when necessary, undergo a specified cold treatment to control targeted pests. Importation of Florida grapefruit, oranges, and tangerines into the Philippines is permitted under a March 2000 protocol between the Philippines and the United States. In 2004, BPI formally allowed the entry of U.S. fresh cherries into the country. More information on import requirements for fresh fruits and vegetables may be downloaded from Import Regulations for Animal Feed Ingredients and Pet Food: Requirements for pet food are similar to import procedures for meat and meat products. BAI requires Philippine of animal feeds and pet food to be registered with BAI prior to importation. All animal feeds, animal feed ingredients and pet food products entering the Philippines need to be accompanied by a sanitary certificate issued by the relevant U.S. regulatory body. Like meat products, an Import Permit needs to be secured from Animal Feeds Division of the BAI before the goods are shipped out of the United States. At present, all ruminant meat and bone meal (MBM) from the United States is still banned for export to the Philippines. In 2001, Memorandum Order No. 6 was issued restricting imports of all mammalian MBM into the Philippines. Since then, the Philippines has gradually relaxed the ban, by allowing porcine and poultry MBM. The policy on U.S. ruminant MBM is currently under review. Genetically Engineered Foods: The Rules and Regulations for the Importation and Release into the Environment of Plants and Plant Products Derived from the Use of Modern Biotechnology (AO8) was signed into law in 2003 and became effective on July 1, Under AO8, all GE plant varieties ( regulated article ) must be evaluated by a third party panel of Philippine scientists for food, feed and environmental safety prior to entering the Philippines. Any commodity or food containing an unapproved variety regardless of country of origin will be prohibited from entering the Philippines. Food Fortification Law: The Philippine Food Fortification Law of 2000 or RA 8976 became effective on November 7, All staple foods - rice, sugar, flour, salt and cooking oil -- will require fortification by law. The Philippine government has identified Vitamin A, iron, and iodine as the three most needed micronutrients in the country. Food and agriculture companies would now be required to fortify their products as mandated by RA The law aims to provide 50 percent or more of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of Vitamin A and iron among at-risk groups, particularly children below 6 years old and women of reproductive age. This law applies to all manufacturers or producers, importers, traders, tollees, retailers repackers of staple foods as well as restaurants and food service establishments. The Department of Health through BFAD and the National Nutrition Council are responsible for implementing and monitoring the program. BFAD is mandated to regularly monitor food fortification levels and shall see to it that the fortification process complies with DOH standards. Sanctions for non-compliance include fines of not more than P1 million and revocation of permits and licenses depending on the gravity of the offense. Section VIII. Copyright and/or Trademark Laws: All copyright and trademark regulations are contained in the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293). The Philippine Intellectual Property Office under the Department of Trade and Industry is in charge of enforcing these regulations and ensuring that intellectual property rights are enforced.
11 Trademark: A trademark may not be registered if it is immoral, deceptive or of a scandalous matter; if it is the flag, coat of arm or insignia of the Philippines or any of its political symbols; a name, portrait or signature identifying a particular living individual without that person s written consent; identical with a registered mark whether or not registered in the Philippines but well known internationally; if it misleads the public; signs that are generic for the goods or services; shapes that may be necessitated by technical factors; color alone, unless defined by a given form and/or anything contrary to public order or morality. An applicant for a trademark may be a natural person, or juridical person and all applications should be in the name of the applicant, who may sign the application. If there is more than one applicant, all should be named as applicants but any individual applicant may sign the application for and on behalf of all applicants. A certificate of registration shall remain in force for ten (10) years; provided that, without need of any notice from the Bureau of Trademarks, the applicant shall file a declaration of actual use and evidence to that effect within one year from the fifth (5 th ) anniversary of the date of registration of the mark. If the owner failed to use the mark, he/she should also file an affidavit of Non-Use with the Bureau of Trademarks showing that non-use of the same is due to causes beyond his/her control. The registration may also be renewed for a period of ten (10) years after its expiration, and there is no limit as to the number of times the registrant may request a renewal of registration provided the prescribed fees are paid. The application for registration of the mark shall be in Filipino or in English and shall contain a request for registration; name and address of applicant; state of which the applicant is a national or where domiciled; the law under which it is organized when the applicant is a juridical entity; appointment of an agent or representative or an indication of claims on priority of an earlier application (if applicable). A reproduction of the mark in the prescribed format must also be submitted along with the list of goods and services for which the registration is sought. Copyright: Copyright registration is available for books, poetry, plays, short stories, newspapers and newspaper articles, magazines and magazine articles, comic books, musical compositions (words and/or music), recordings, choreographic works, pantomimes, motion pictures, filmstrips, television programs, photographs, paintings, drawings, prints, maps, architectural plans, scale models, sculptural works, craft works, jewelry designs, fabric designs, computer programs, and databases. In general, a copyright lasts for the life of the author, plus 50 years. The term is different for commissioned works and works where a corporation is the author. Section IX. Import Procedures: The basic procedures which apply to the import of food and agricultural products are as follows:
12 STEP 1 Only accredited and/or registered individuals or businesses may import food products into the Philippines. Importers must obtain accreditation from relevant Philippine regulatory bodies (i.e., License to Operate (LTO) from BFAD for processed foods, Certificate of Accreditation from BAI for meat and meat products and BPI for fresh fruits & vegetables). STEP 2 Determine whether food or agriculture products can enter the Philippines. Only acceptable countries as determined by the relevant regulatory body may export food and agriculture products to the Philippines. STEP 3 In the case of meat and poultry, imports can only be made from foreign meat establishments (i.e. abattoirs/slaughterhouses), which are accredited by the Department of Agriculture. All U.S. federally inspected and approved meat establishments located in the United States are eligible to export to the Philippines. STEP 4 Import licenses/permits must be obtained from the relevant regulatory body for the goods to be imported to the Philippines before the products are shipped from the exporting countries. Veterinary Quarantine Certificates (VQC) must be obtained from BAI and Import Permits (IP) from BPI prior to importation. A Certificate of Product Registration (CPR), renewable annually, must be secured from BFAD prior to initial importation. STEP 5 APPENDIX I All agricultural and food products entering the Philippines must be accompanied by a phytosanitary or health certificate issued by the regulatory body in the exporting country. This is required to be submitted for inspection along with the import permit to facilitate physical inspection of the goods and customs clearance at the port of entry. LIST OF PERMISSIBLE FOOD ADDITIVES The substances listed hereto are those that have been approved for use in foodstuffs. These food additives are divided into three major groups: Group 1. Substances that are directly added to food and classified into the following functional categories:
13 Anticaking Agents Antimicrobial agents Antioxidants Antioxidant Synergists Emulsifiers Firming Agents Flavor Enhancers Flour Treatment Agents Dough Conditioners Food Acidulant Food Colors Humectants Leavening Agents Nutrient Spplements Ph - Control Agents Sequestrants Stabilizers and Thickeners Surface- Finishing Agents Surface - Finishing Agents Sweeteners: Non-Nutritive Sweeteners Nutritive Sweeteners Miscellaneous Group II Substances that are considered as Processing Aids and classified into: Antifoaming Agents Clarifying Agents Catalyst Contact Freezing Agents Extraction/Carrier Solvents Fat Crystal Modifier Filtration Aids Flocculating Agents Lubricants, Anti Stick Agents and Molding Aids Propellant and Packaging Cases Enzyme Preparations GROUP III Flavoring Substances (* to be elaborated) ANTI-CAKING AGENTS Substances added to finely powdered or crystalline food products to prevent caking, lumping or agglomentation. Restriction/Maximum Level of Use Aluminum Calcium Silicate 2 % in salt; (calcium aluminum silicate) Calcium phosphate, tribasic 2% in salt; Calcium Silicate 2% in salt; 5% in baking powder Iron ammonium citrate 25 % ppm in salt Magnesium carbonate 2 % in salt; Magnesium silicate 2 % in salt; Myristates, pamitates, stearates of aluminum, calcium, magnesium potassium and sodium Silicon dioxide 2 % Sodium aluminum silicate (sodium silica aluminate) 2 % Sodium calcium alumeno silicate 2 % Sodium ferrocyanide ( Yellow of Soda) 33 ppm in salt (calculated as anhydrous soduim ferrocyanide) Tricalcium silicate 2 % in salt ANTIOXIDANTS Substances used to preserve food by retarding deterioration, rancidity or discoloration due to oxidation. Restriction/Maximum Level of Use Ascorbic Acid Ascorbyl palmitate Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.02 %* Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.02 %* Calcium ascorbate Dilauryl thiodipropropionate 0.02 %* Erythorbic acid Ethoxynquin 100 ppm for color preservation of chili powder and paprika
14 Lecithin Propylgallate 0.02 %* Sodium Ascorbate Sodium erythorbate Stannous chloride ppm calculated as tin* Thidipropionic acid 0.02 %* Tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) 0.02%* Alpha-tocopherol Tocopherol (mixed concentrate) ANTIMICROBAL AGENTS Substances used to preserve food by preventing growth of microorganism and subsequent spoilage. Restrictions/Maximum level of use Benzoic acid and its potassium and sodium salts 0.1% Dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt 65 ppm in cu/peeled squash Erythorbic acid Metabisulfites of potassium and sodium Not in meat or food recognized as source of Vit. B ( thiamine)* Methyl paraben 0.1% Nisin 100 ppm in processed cheese; subject to specific regulatory guidelines Nitrate of potassium and sodium 500 ppm Nitrate of sodium 200 ppm Prophyl paraben 0.1 % Propionic acid and its calcium and sodium salt 0.2 % Ascorbic acid and its potassium, calcium and sodium salts 0.3 % Sodium or potassium sulfate not in source of Vitamin B1* Sulfur dioxide not in sources of Vitamin B1* ANTIOXIDANT SYNERGIST Substance used to interact with antioxidants to produce a total greater than the sum of effects produced by the synergist and the antioxidant individually. Restrictions/Medium Level of Use Calcium disodium EDTA ppm* Citric acid Disodium EDTA PPM* Gum guaic (guaiac resin) Isopropyl citrate 0.02 % Monoglyceride Citrate 200 PPM Phosphoric acid Potassium citrate Sodium citrate EMULSIFIERS Substances which modify surface tension in the component phase of an emulsion to establish a uniform dispersion or emulsion. Restrictions/Medium Level of Use Accetic acid ester of mono and diglycerides Ammonium salt of phosphatidic acid 50 ppm in cocoa powder and cocoa sugar mixtures Brominated vegetable oil 15 ppm in beverages Cholic/Desoxycholic acid 0.1 % in dried egg white Diacetyl-tartaric acid ester of mono and di-glycerides Diatyl sodium sulfosticcinate ppm Ethoxylated mono and diglycerides (Polyglycerate 60) % Glycerol ester of wood resin 110 ppm in beverages Glyceryl lactoesters of fauy acids (Lactic acid esters of mono and diglycerides) Glyceryl (glycol) monostearate 2 % in macaroni products; Hydroxylated lecithin Lactylic esters of fany acids Lactylated fatty acids esters of glycerol and propylene glycol Lecithin Mono-and-di-glycerides * OX bile extract (Purified oxgall or sodium choleate) 0.1 in dried egg white
15 0.002 % in cheese; Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate 0.5% in bakery products Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono-stearte (Polysorbate 60) %* Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate (Polysorbate 65) %* Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monnoleate (Poysorbate 80) % Propylene glycol alginate Proplene glycol esters of fatty acids Sodium phosphate Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate % Sorbitan monostearate 1.0% in margarine Sorbitan tristearate 3.0% in liquid and plastic shortening Succistearin (stearoyl propylene glycol hydrogen succinate) Sucgrolycerides %* Sucrose esters of fatty acids 1.0- Tartaric acid esters of mono and di-glycerides FIRMING AGENTS Substances added to precipitate residual pectin, thus strengthening the supporting tissue and preventing its collapse during processing. Restrictions Maximum Level of Use Aluminum Sulfate Calcium carbonate Calcium Chloride Calcium lactobionate Calcium phosphate, monobasic Calcium sulfate Magnesium chloride FLAVOR ENHANCERS Substances added to supplement, enhance, or modify the original taste and/or aroma of a food without imparting a characteristics taste or aroma. Restriction Maximum Level of Use Disodium guanylate Disodium inosinate Glutamic acid Monoammonium glutamate Mopotassium glutamate Monosodium glutamate FLOUR TREATMENT AGENTS/DOUGH CONDITIONER Substances added to milled flour, at the mill, to improve its color and baking qualities, including bleaching and maturing agents. Dough conditioners modify starch adn gluten, thereby producing a more stable dough. Restriction Maximum Level of Use Acetone peroxide Ammonium chloride Ammonium persulphate 250 ppm of flour Ammonium phosphate, monobasic Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Ammonium sulfate Ascorbic acid 200 ppm of flour Azodicalbonamide 45 ppm of flour Benzoyl peroxide 150 ppm of flour Calcium Bromate 75 ppm of flour Calcium carbonate Calcium iodate 45 ppm of flour Calcium lactate Calcium peroxide 100 ppm of flour Calcium phophate, monobasic Calcium phosphate, dibasic Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate 5000 ppm of flour Calcium Sulfate Chlorine/chlorine dioxide L-Xysteine (hydrochloride) Ethoxylated mono- and di-glycerides 5000 ppm of flour Lactylic stearate 5000 ppm of flour Potassium bromate (banned 1994) 100 ppm of flour
16 Potassium iodate Potassium persulphate Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate Sodium stearyl fumarate Succinylated monoglycerides 75 ppm of flour 100 ppm of flour 5000 ppm of flour 5000 ppm of flour 5000 ppm of flour FOOD ACIDULANTS Acids normally presently in food which, when added to food, produces an agreeable sharp or tart taste in the product. Restriction Maximum Level of Use Acetic Acid * Citric Acid Fumaric Acid Lactic Acid Malic Acid Phosphoric Acid Tartaric Acid and their calcium, potassium and sodium salts. *not in vinegar or in food products where is claimed that vinegar is the acidulant added HUMECTANTS Substances incorporated in food to promote retention of moisture, including anti-dusting agents. Restrictions/Maximum Level of Use Glycerol (Glycerine) Propylene Glycol Sorbitol Triacen (Glycerol triacetate) *The label of food whose reasonably forsceable consumption may result in a daily ingestion of 50 grams of sorbitol shall bear the statement " Excess consumption may have a laxative effect" FOOD COLORS Substances used to impart color or shade to a food Code No. Restrictions/Maximum Level of Use Class 1 Annatto extract C / C1 Natural Orange + ELEC No. E160b Beet powder (dehydrated beets) Beta-carotene ELEC No.E160a Beta-apo-8' carotenal ELEC No.E160c Canthaxanthin ELEC No.E161g Carrot oil - Caramel - Carmine/Cochineal extract C C1 Natural Red + Curcumin C ELEC No. E10 Fruit Juice/Vegetable Juice
17 Grape skin extract (enocianine) grape color extract Ironoxides a. Yellow (hydrated ferrie oxide) C ) b. Red (anhydrous ferrie oxide) C177491) Paprika/Paprika oleoresin - Riboflavin (Lactoflavin/Riboflavin 5' Phosphate-sodium - Safron - Titanium dioxide (pigment white 6) C % (Powdered turmeric, indian saffron) - Class 11 Allura Red ( FD & C Red # 40) C * C1Food Red 27 Amaranth (FD & C Red # 2) C * ELEC No. E123 Brilliant Black PN C ( Black PN, Brilliant Black PN) C1 Food Black 1 Chocolate Brown HT ELEC. No E151 Brown HT, Brown HS) C1 Food Brown 3 Brilliant Blue FCF C * (FD & C Blue # 1) C1 Food Bl Citrus Red 2 only for peel of ranges, 2 ppm Fast Green FCF C ( FD & C Green # 3) C1 Food Green Indigotine (FD & C Blue # 2) C ( Indigo Carmine ) C1 Food Blue 2 Orange B only for surfate of sausage casing; 150 ppm Sunset Yellow (FD & C Yellow #6) C C1 Food Yellow 3 * EEC #E110 Tartrazine (FD & C Yellow #5) C C1 Food Yellow 4 * EEC # E102 Erythrosine (FD & C Red #3) C * C1 Food Red 14 EEC No. E127 * singly or in combination should not exceed 300 ppm LEAVENING AGENTS Substances used to produce or stimulate production of carbon dioxide in baked goods to impart a light texture. Restrictions/Maximum Level of Use Ammonium bicarbonate Ammonium phosphate, mono- and di-basic Calcium phosphate, mono-basic Dried yeast Glucono-delta lactone Sodium acid pyrophosphate Sodium aluminum phosphate Sodium bicarbonate SURFACE-FINISHING AGENTS Substances used to enhance palatability, preserve gloss or inhibits discoloration of foods, including glazes, polishes, waxes and protective covering. Restrictions/Maximum Level of Use Beeswax 0.4% in confectionary; Cadelila Wax 0.4 % in confectionery; Carnauba Wax 0.4 % in confectionery; Castor Oil 500 ppm in hard candy; Mineral Oil Petrolatum Polyethylene glycol Rice bran Wax 0.2 % in confectionery; 0.2 % in confectionery 0.15 % in bakery products 0.02 % in dried fruits & vegetables on fresh fruits; 50 ppm in candy; fresh fruits & veg.
18 2.5 % in chewing gum NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTS Substances that are necessary for human body's nutritional and metabolic process. Restrictions/Maximum Level of Use Amino acids in the free hydrated or anhydrous form or as the hydrochloride, sodium or potassium salts. L-Alanine L-Alginine L-Asparagine L-Aspartic acid L-Cystine L-Cysteine L-Glutamic acid Glycine ( Aminoacetic acid ) L-Histidine L-Isoleucine L-Leucine L-Lysine DL-Methionine L-Methionine L-Phenylalanine L-Proline L-Serine L-Theonine L-Tryptophan L-Tyrosine L-Valine Aluminum nicotinate N-Acetyl-L-Methionine Ascorbic acid Bakers Yeast Protein ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Biotin Calcium citrate Calcium carbonate Calcium glycerophosphate Calcium oxide Calcium Pantothenate ( Calcium chloride Double Salt of) Calcium Phosphate Calcium pyrophosphate Caroteten Choline Bitartrate Choline Chloride Copper Gluconate % Copper ( Cuprous) Iodide 0.01 % in table salt Ferric Phosphate Ferric Pyrophosphate Ferric Sodium Pyrophosphate Ferrous Fumarate Ferrous Gluconate Ferrous Lactate Ferrous Sulfate Fish Protein Concentrate Folic Acid ( Folacin) 0.1 mg per for infants- below 0.3 mg per day for children (4 years) old Glutamic acid ( or hydrochloride) Inositol Iron, reduced Iron-Choline Citrate Complex Kelp (not for infant foods) ( except in infant foods and Foods containing, nitrities & nitrates) 0.4 mg per day for adults and children above 4 years old 0.8 mg per day for pregnant or lactating women As source of Iodine dietary foods
19 4 years old 0.25 mg I / day for adults and lactating women Niacin Nacinamide Niacinamide ascorbate Nicotinamide -ascorbic acid complex D-Pantothenamide D-Pantothenyl alcohol Potassium chloride Potassium iodide mg I / day for infants mg I / day for children below children above years old 0.03 mg I / day for pregnant or 0.01 mg in salt mg I / day for infants mg I / day for children below 4 years old mg I / day for adults and children above 4 years old 0.30 mg I / day for pregnant or lactating women Pyridoxine hydrochloride Riboflavin Riboflavin-5-phosphate Sodium pantothenate Sodium phosphate Thiamine Hydrochloride Thiamine mononitrate Tocopherols L-Tocopheryl acetate Vitamin A Vitamin A acetate Vitamin A palmitate Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Vitamin D2 Vitamin D3 Vitamin K Zinc chloride Zinc gluconate Zinc methionine sulfate Zinc oxide Zinc stearate Zinc sulfate Linoleic acid Magnesium oxide prepared from edible fats & oils Magnesium phosphate ( di, & Tri basic) Magnesium Sulfate Manganese - Chloride ( Citrate, gluconate, gly cero phosphate, orthphosphate, oxide, sulfate) Manganous oxide ph-control AGENTS Substances added to change or maintain active or basicity, including buffers, acids and alkalies. Restrictions/Maximum Levels of Use Acids Acetic acid Adipic acid Citric acid Gluconic acid Hydrochloride acid Lactic acid Malic acid Phosphoric acid Succinic acid Sulfuric acid Tartaric acid Alkalies Ammonium bicarbonate Ammonium carbonate * *
20 Ammonium hydroxide Calcium carbonate Calcium hydroxide Calcium oxide Magnesium carbonate Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium oxide Potassium bicarbonate Potassium carbonate Potassium hydroxide Magnesium carbonate Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium oxide Potassium hydroxide Sodium Bicarbonate Sodium carbonate Sodium hydroxide Buffers Aluminum ammonium sulfate Aluminum potassium sulfate Aluminum sodium sulfate Ammonium phosphatemmono-and-di-basic Ammonium sulfate Calcium citrate Calcium gluconate Calcium lactate Calcium phosphate, mono-and-di-basic Calcium pyrophosphate Potassium citrate Potassium phosphate, mono-and-di-basic Sodium acetate Sodium citrate Sodium Phosphate,mono-and-di-basic Sodium pyrophosphate Refers to annex 1 for Recommended Levels in certain food products SEQUESTRANTS Substances which combine with polyvalent metal ions to form a soluble metal complex to improve the quality and stability of products. Restrictions/Maximum Levels of Use Calcium acetate Calcium chloride Calcium citrate Calcium diacetate Calcium disodium EDTA Calcium gluconate Calcium hexa metaphosphate Calcium phosphate,monbasic Calcium phytate Calcium sulfate Citric acid Dipotassium phosphate Disodium EDTA Disodium phosphate Isopropyl citrate Appendix I. Government Regulatory Agency Contacts: AGRICULTURAL AFFAIRS OFFICE (AAO)/USDA U.S. EMBASSY MANILA 25/F Ayala Life-FGU Bldg Ayala Avenue, Makati City Tel: (+632) /53
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text:
Advanced Ship Acoustic Program
Award Information
Small Business Information
200 Executive Blvd., Ossining, NY, 10562
Principal Investigator
Name: Brent Whitlock
Phone: (650) 962-9961
Phone: (650) 962-9961
Business Contact
Name: LuAnn Scarmozzino
Phone: (914) 734-2665
Phone: (914) 734-2665
Research Institution
AbstractIn the continually advancing information age, the needs for rapidand high-performance data communications capabilities areincreasing exponentially. The capabilities of strictly electroniccommunications technologies cannot keep pace with these rapidlyincreasing demands, and optoelectronics and fiber opticstechnologies have stepped in to meet the challenge. Fiber opticsare now heavily used in long distance telecommunications as wellas high-speed data communications and are rapidly gaining marketshare in desktop LANs. There have been great technicaladvancements recently in optoelectronics manufacturing andconsequently in the performance of fiber optic links whichutilize the advanced optoelectronics components. However,automated computer-aided design (CAD) tools for the design offiber optic links have not followed the same pace of development.There is a lack of reliable software for the simulation,analysis, and design of fiber optic links. The continuingadvancement of fiber optics technologies requires that CAD toolsfor their design be developed which will accurately model all thesignificant performance degradations and nonlinear effectsinherent in these systems to facilitate their designoptimization. RSoft, Inc. proposes to develop advanced softwarefor fiber optic link simulation and analysis which will supportcost-effective design of high-performance fiber optic links,including multimode fiber LANs.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Não Aceita Hóspedes
- Último login há about 1 month
Registre-se no Couchsurfing para ver o perfil completo de Ingmar. É grátis!
Visão geral
Sobre Mim
I am spontaneous, my attitude is like "I know nothing - teach me!", curious, deep thinker (sometimes), reader, dance as if I was drunk, convinced of civil liberties, traveller of course, like people that aren't afraid of embarrassing themselves, atheist and willing to talk about it, anyway: on s'arrange (something I learned in good old Wallonia)!
Por que estou no Couchsurfing?
I joined Couchsurfing in 2008 when it was still not-for profit and things were just taking off. I guess back then I joined couchsurfing primarily because I wanted to travel on the cheap (that's why you're here, too, admit it!).
These days I'm here because I want to meet interesting people from the place I travel to or the place I've moved to. I just moved to Paris for an internship, so my primary goal is to get to know Parisians who can show me their favorite parts of this amazing city and who would love to speak French to me.
As you can tell by the less than complete profile, I don't invest too much time in keeping my virtual appearance neat and up to date. That's just because I'm doing so many things at once (including maintaining so many profiles on so many different websites) that I cut corners here and there.
Activities I pursue include (but are definitely not limited to): Photography, traveling and learning new languages, acting on stage, reading novels and good movies.
- arts
- photography
- acting
- dancing
- cooking
- movies
- reading
- traveling
- juggling
- surfing
- atheism
- languages
- logic
Músicas, Filmes e Livros
Movies: All I've seen by Paul Haggis was fantastic! The life of others, Indiana Jones, Lions for Lambs, In Bruges, Thank you for Smoking...
Books: Lonely Planet Travel Guides, der Vorleser, Fight Club, A People's History of the US, the Unbearable Lightness of Being, Steppenwolf
Music: I'm trying everything and enjoy most, lots of German folk I really dislike and songs that have been played too often on the radio. I like Woodkid, Zaz, Lealea,
Uma Coisa Incrível que Eu Fiz
Being invited into a house by a Maroccan man who I've never seen and enjoying the view from the 13th floor of nighttime Liège.
Sunset at Joshua Tree National Park.
Eating Tarantulas in Cambodia.
Having gone to an American inner city school for one year.
I've lived and studied in Taipei, Taiwan for a half year.
Ensine, Aprenda, Compartilhe
I would love to improve my French, so I'm really looking for a language tandem buddy.
O Que Posso Compartilhar com Anfitriões
I can share some of my cooking with you (although I mostly improvise, so don't expect receipes). Risotto, pizza, curry, salads of all sorts. I usually cook vegan but I do eat stuff with eggs and milk (on rare occasions).
I can teach you German and English in return.
Países que Visitei
Belgium, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Latvia, Luxembourg, Morocco, Netherlands, Palau, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom
Países em que Morei
Belgium, France, Germany, Jordan, Netherlands, Taiwan, United States


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I don't write and I don't aspire to write, but I love to read. In the summer of 2007, when I was in my post HP and the Deathly Hallows funk, my mother handed me all 13 Stephanie Plum novels with the assurance that I would love them. When I finished reading them all in a row, I was feeling another let down funk when I discovered fan fiction. Now I'm never "funked" out. In fanfiction, the fun just goes on and on!
I am a Babe, but I also love Steph/Lester pairings.
In RL I am a married, stay at home mom in my late 30s. I have 3 wonderful children (wonderful except for those moments when I'd gladly sell them for a glass of wine LOL) who are 10, 8, and 5. We live in the Northeastern US, and I hate cold weather, but spring (when it finally comes) summer and fall here are great. In addition to fan fiction and Janet Evanovich, I like to read anything that is purely entertaining and has a good love story. Okay, sometimes we can skip the love story as long as there is an interesting plot, but the entertainment piece is non negotiable. Maybe someday I will be ready for intellectually stimulating reading again, but given the fact that I've spent the last 10 years raising young children, I figure I deserve some cheap pleasure. I always defend my purely mind candy book preferences by saying that I don't watch any TV (which is true) - I read all of my entertainment.
That's probably enough about me. I just noticed that as I've begun to review stories, people have been checking my profile. Wondering who the heck I am, I'm sure, so I thought I put a little info out there. Thanks so much for all your writing. I am enjoying every minute of it!


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It's not just the music of Armin van Buuren's 'Intense' album that can keep you warm, but also its official, slick-looking hoodie! Not only does it show your support for the world's number one DJ, but it also makes the perfect outfit to you share your intense moments on the dance floor. Its glow-in-the-dark 'Intense' logo will brighten your night out, while sharing your love for the music. The 'Intense' Hoodie is available for all music addicts, coming to you in different sizes and colours!
Product info:
Hood with single jersey lining Raglan sleeves 1x1 rib cuffs and bottom hem Back necktape in jersey Pockets in side seams inside pockets hole for headphones cable
85% Organic ring-spun Combed Cotton 15% Polyester brushed fleece - carbonized 300 GSM
|Chest width
|Chest height
|Sleeve length
|44 cm17,32 in
|60 cm23,62 in
|70 cm27,56 in
|46,5 cm18,31 in
|62 cm24,41 in
|71,5 cm28,15 in
|49 cm19,29 in
|64 cm25,2 in
|73 cm28,74 in
|52 cm20,47 in
|66 cm25,98 in
|74,5 cm29,33 in
|55 cm21,65 in
|68 cm26,77 in
|76 cm29,92 in
|58 cm22,83 in
|70 cm27,56 in
|77,5 cm30,51 in
|* sizes vary for every brand, make sure you always check your size.


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The Masseuse 5Favorites [+]
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DRM-free downloads offer content that is not limited by standard Digital Rights Management (DRM) access technologies. These technologies allow hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals to limit the usage of digital content.
When you purchase DRM-free downloadable content, that content is available for you to download on any computer and save to a disk whenever you like. You can also download to multiple computers. There is no timeframe associated with your purchase and the content will not expire.
Source: Aebn
In The Masseuse 5, Kendra Lust runs a posh massage parlor is a place where customers can go for a higher standard of care than just your garden-variety sports massage. It's an open secret that her selective staff will give happy endings to certain clients.
Riley Reid's upset that she was booked to massage her ex-boyfriend, but Kendra agrees to let Riley take Marcus London and Kendra will handle Riley's ex. Marcus proves to be a friendly chap and Riley enjoys the chance to slurp and straddle his thick, curved cock. Watching her firm, slender young body bounce up and down on the lucky older man's dick is a real pleasure.
Richie Calhoun (aka Richie's Brain) doesn't want a massage from Kendra Lust; he wants one from Riley. But they broke up because Richie was cheating, and the other woman was none other than Kendra. While massaging Richie, Kendra gets on her high horse about why Riley dumped him, even though she was the catalyst. But her eagerness to mount a high horse is nothing compared to her mounting a hard cock. She gives Richie the special dick-in-cleavage technique, applies some suction, and takes him vaginally in several positions.
Overhearing the moans and gasps through the semi-open door to Kendra's room, Riley peeks and sees her ex fucking Kendra. Riley never knew it was her own boss that Richie was screwing. She scrawls an angry note and bails, leaving Kendra to replace her quickly.
In the meantime, it's up to Natalia Starr to take Riley's next client, Evan Stone. Evan is a busy banker with a bad back, and Natalia relaxes him with a rubdown, a suckdown, and a fuckdown. Her beautiful bouncing breasts alone make this one of the scenes most likely to make you pop early and often.
James Deen is the masseur Kendra interviews to take Riley's place. While telling him they're a professional massage parlor where no inappropriate behavior is allowed, Kendra also requests a house call where she makes it abundantly clear that "inappropriate" is a matter of interpretation. They talk about the fantasies of female clients as he gives her luscious body the deep massage she requested. Naturally, the only place to go from there is for James to fulfill Kendra's fantasy of trying out a young, new recruit. They go down on each other and test the sturdiness of the massage bed with a rambunctious fuck.
The Masseuse 5 is streaming in high definition.


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South Border - With A Smile (with lyrics) MP3
With a Smile - South Border(Lyrics) ♫ ♫ ♫ MP3
With A Smile by: SouthBorder feat. Kelly Badon MP3
This song is dedicated to all my Merge friends and to all my classmate, all Merge Babies... Merge Davao Rulez...
youtube videoke eraserheads with a smile MP3
With a Smile by South border lyrics MP3
lizette caraan.
Rainbow - South Border KARAOKE HD MP3
visit and like our page at http://facebook.com/customizedkaraoke rainbow videoke, rainbow karaoke, rainbow south border videoke, rainbow south border ...
With A Smile - Eraserheads (Acoustic Cover) MP3
A slow acoustic rendition of "With A Smile!" Hope you like it! Enjoooy! :D Chords:http://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/e/eraserheads/with_a_smile_crd.htm Lyrics: Lift ...
Wherever you are - South Border (Karaoke/Instrumental) MP3
Wherever you are SINGER:South Border COMPOSED BY:Vince Alaras,Jay Durias Enjoy Your Singing!!
rainbow by south border lyrics MP3
Fallin' out, fallin' in Nothing's sure in this world no, no Breakin' out, breakin' in Never knowin' what lies ahead We can really never tell it all no, no, no Say ...
Smile In Your Heart LYRICS - Harana MP3
Song Title - Smile In Your Heart NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT INTENDED. Buy HARANA album at https://www.opm2go.com/ We love #HARANA Album.
Rainbow By:South Border MP3
Rainbow By:South Border Fallin' out, fallin' in Nothings sure in this world, no no Breaking down, breaking in Never knowing what lies ahead We can really never ...
Rainbow- South Border & David Archuleta Version (w/ Lyrics) MP3
Listen to South border's and David Archuleta's back to back version of the song "Rainbow". This track is included in David Archuleta's 4th studio album: ...


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Home > Product Categories > Pro-Video > Tripods & Camera Support > Camera Platforms > H-52
Item #: PLATFORM-1 MFG #: H-52
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Mestige Crystal Cascade Necklace - Silver
$14.99 for this elegant sparkling piece!
Hand-crafted design with 6 stunning crystals!
Please note, Item can only be shipped to a postal address, NOT a P.O. box. Please ensure your address details, complete with contact number, are updated in your account.
Set the scene with a splash of Mestige sparkle. Perfect as a gift for yourself or for that special someone, it's sure to impress even the most discerning recipient, and will complement any outfit choice with its luminous finish, sparkling at any angle.
- Mestige jewellery
- For women
- Design: Crystal Cascade Necklace
- Colour: Silver
- Rhodium colour plated
- Pendant dimensions (mm): 33.8 (H) x 29.2 (W)
- Length: 43cm +7cm extender
- 2 x 1.5mm crystals made with Swarovski Elements
- 4 x 1.9mm crystals made with Swarovski Elements
- Recommended for ages 14 years+
- Please note: This item may not be suitable for all skin types
- Country of origin: N/A
- 90-Day MANUFACTURER WARRANTY Against Defects