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Activists protest Joe Biden at Notre Dame
Pro-life activists gather on Angela Boulevard near the University of Notre Dame's main gate to protest the university awarding the Laetare Medal to Vice President Joe Biden during today's commencement ceremony.
Daniel Costello, a retired University of Notre Dame professor, joins pro-life activists today in protesting the university awarding its Laetare Medal to Vice President Joe Biden at the 2016 commencement ceremony.
Posted on May 15, 2016
by Amanda Gray
SOUTH BEND — While Notre Dame's commencement addresses were getting underway, a couple dozen protesters gathered Sunday morning at the university's main gate to publicly object to Vice President Joe Biden receiving the Laetare Medal.
Biden and former Speaker of the House John Boehner were presented with the medal, which is awarded to prominent Catholics, at the commencement ceremony in Notre Dame Stadium.
Eric Scheidler, executive director of the Pro-Life Action League in Chicago, came to South Bend with a small contingent to protest. He said he believes Biden's support for abortion access goes contrary to Catholic social teachings, and that Biden shouldn't receive a medal that honors Catholic Americans.
"The idea that our unborn brothers and sisters would be without a voice today is unconscionable," Scheidler said. "That's why we are here."
Still, the goal is not to disrupt, he added.
"In a way, we are also here on behalf of the pro-life students," Scheidler said. "It must be difficult for students with a strong Catholic faith and pro-life convictions to see Notre Dame ignore not only the teachings of the church, but also the plea of the local bishop to not go forward with the award."
Shawn Sullivan, director and founder of The Apostolate of Divine Mercy and The Life Center in South Bend, was also at the protest. They were there to witness, he said, and hopefully highlight the issue for passers-by. Graphic signs depicted aborted fetuses or declared statements such as "Shame on Notre Dame" or "Catholic Faith Attacked From Within."
Daniel Costello, a Notre Dame professor emeritus of electrical engineering, was also protesting while wearing his Notre Dame academic robes. He said a sizable group of faculty, staff and students disagreed with giving Biden the award.
There was also some lightness to the protest, with a woman dressed in a T-Rex costume holding a sign that read, "Laetare Medal Now Cheap: $6.66."
"I think in a large way people are worn out from the issue," Sullivan said, discussing the smaller crowd. "The real issue here is that a Catholic institution is awarding someone who disagrees with so many of Catholic social teachings."


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text: Lantronix now shipping xPico Wi-Fi Pi Plate for Raspberry Pi 17 Oct 2014 05:17 PM Pluggable expansion board enables quick and easy advanced Wi-Fi connectivity for the popular Raspberry Pi single board computerLantronix, the smart Internet of Things (IoT) solutions provider, has announced the worldwide availability of its xPico Wi-Fi Pi Plate expansion board – which enables the easy integration of the Lantronix xPico Wi-Fi device server with the popular Raspberry Pi single board computer. "The Lantronix xPico Wi-Fi Pi Plate for Raspberry Pi is the only expansion board that supports direct connectivity between smartphones/tablets and the Pi, while simultaneously allowing communication with cloud services," said Vishal Kakkad, director of product marketing for Lantronix. "Whether you're a developer, design engineer, students, professor, or hobbyist – the new xPico Wi-Fi Pi Plate allows you to focus on your main applications, without having to worry about wireless stack integration and wireless connectivity management. "With this offering, design engineers and customers are able to leverage Lantronix core enterprise-class products and technologies for their prototype or hobby designs that rely on the Raspberry Pi."Raspberry PiThe Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized single-board computer developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.The Raspberry Pi model B has a Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, 512 MB RAM, and wired Ethernet. It does not include a built-in hard disk or solid-state drive, but uses an SD card for booting and persistent storage. In 2014, the Raspberry Pi Foundation announced that more than three million Raspberry Pi boards had been shipped.Advanced Wi-Fi features for Raspberry PiThe Lantronix xPico Wi-Fi Pi Plate makes enabling Wi-Fi connectivity easier than ever. It completely offloads Wi-Fi connectivity for the Raspberry Pi with support for advanced features such as simultaneous Soft Access Point and Client mode, Wi-Fi connection management and QuickConnect. Highlights of the Lantronix xPico Wi-Fi Pi Plate include:• Compatible with Raspberry Pi single board computer• Simple and easy to use interface• Mobile ready with simultaneous client and soft access point (AP mode)• Advanced Wireless Features such as Wireless Connection Manager, Profiles, QuickConnect• Low power (6 uA standby)About xPico Wi-FiThe xPico Wi-Fi device, which boasts a tiny footprint of 24mm x 16.5mm, is a pin and form factor compatible member of the xPico product family that provides a low power, full IP stack, complete device server solution. The product provides direct access to data and equipment via any mobile device (e.g., smartphone, tablet, or laptop computer). James Atkinson EditorLinkedIn |Google + |Email Leave a CommentPlease write code to prove you're humanMore on... IoT GeneralMWC17: Nokia introduces worldwide IoT network grid as a service Libelium adds industrial protocols to its IoT sensor platformInmarsat and Actility team up for global LoRaWAN IoT network More on... Smart CitiesNokia unveils wireless router for power distribution networks ETSI forms new industry group for smart city solutionsLatest in IoTAltair Semiconductor introduces narrowband CAT-M1 and NB1 chipsetTelefónica, Huawei and Kamstrup launch in NB-IoT project in Chile oneM2M standard holds third IoT interoperability event


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As is well known, the expenses of the educational department are defrayed from the other half of the income of the fund.
The cost was defrayed by subscriptions from children of the parish.
The salaries of the lecturers were defrayed by the profits arising from the Royal Exchange, and were very liberal.
The expense of our journey was defrayed by the Emperor, and in a liberal manner.
The cost was defrayed by subscriptions from several noblemen and gentlemen formerly Eton scholars.
Thus the expenses of yesterday for housekeeping were defrayed.
Its cost, which amounted to £800, was defrayed by public subscription.
Now, the State had, for the most part, defrayed all these expenses.
These, as a matter of fact, were defrayed by the trustees of the Russell Sage Foundation.
The cost of this pinnacle was defrayed by Mr. Beresford Hope.
1540s, from Middle French defraier (15c.), from de- "out" (see de-) + fraier "spend," from Old French frais "costs, damages caused by breakage," from Latin fractum, neuter past participle of frangere "to break" (see fraction). Alternative etymology traces second element to Old High German fridu "peace," via Vulgar Latin *fredum "fine, cost."


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By Jeffrey Mcmurray, Associated Press Writer
LEXINGTON, Ky. An imperfect day for racing was a perfect one for Polytrack when Keeneland opened its spring meet Friday unhampered by an overnight downpour that might have wiped out the card on a dirt surface.
Despite a storm that dropped about 5 inches of rain, the synthetic surface installed two years earlier allowed for the meet to begin as scheduled.
Although the dirt oval used to produce huge mud puddles, the drainage system in the new Polytrack negated most of the soggy conditions.
"At this time two years ago, we probably would be out of business today," said Keeneland president Nick Nicholson. "This new racetrack has just been spectacular in the way it's handled this unusual weather condition."
Shaun Bridgmohan, the winning jockey aboard Merkel in the third race, said he couldn't even notice it had rained.
"It's a very comfortable surface, has a nice bounce to it," said Bridgmohan, who next weekend will ride likely favorite Pyro in the Blue Grass Stakes, the headline race for the meet. "It's not even a little bit sloppy."
While there were no problems with the Polytrack, the wet conditions forced all the turf races - including Friday's feature, the $150,000 Transylvania Stakes - to be moved to the main synthetic oval.
Rain returned ahead of that race, which was won by Boss Lafitte, with Robby Albarado aboard. The Thomas Amoss-trained horse took the lead down the stretch to win by 1 1/2 lengths over Riley Tucker, under Edgar Prado. Budge Man was third.
Boss Lafitte paid $21.20, $6.40 and $5.20. Riley Tucker returned $4.60 and $4.20, and Budge Man paid $5.80 to show.
Nicholson said the new surface has been extremely safe. There was just one horse death per 1,000 starts on Polytrack, he said, compared to twice that many on dirt.
Those numbers reflect a more positive early diagnosis than preliminary statistics from an on-track injury reporting system that showed fatality rates at 42 tracks nearly equal between dirt and synthetic from June 2007 to early 2008.
Trainer Philip Sims said he is definitely convinced Polytrack is a safer surface. He trains most of his horses there and has seen injuries plummet.
"Thank God we have it," Sims said. "I'm a believer."
Fellow trainer Rick Hiles credited Keeneland for good track conditions but said further evidence is needed to confirm synthetic surfaces are safer in all weather conditions.
"I think the jury is still out," Hiles said. "We're going to have to watch and make some adjustments."
The Associated Press


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We don't seem to know, for, as Marc van de Mieroop points out: ' Archaeological evidence of latrines in houses is lacking, and public toilets do not seem to hаvе existed either' (The Ancient Mesopotamian City, p. 159). Out in the village-communes that would not have been a great problem, but in what are often called 'cities', it was a different matter entirely. In the rivers and canals? But that was also drinking water.
23 May, 2013
Where did ancient Mesopotamians go to the toilet?Posted by stalinsmoustache under anatomy, odd animals | Tags: ancient Near East, toilets |
[4] Comments
22 May, 2013
Fluid bodies in the ancient Near East: animal-human continuitiesPosted by stalinsmoustache under anatomy, hairy creatures of God, Sacred Economy | Tags: ancient Near East, animal, fluids, human |
[5] Comments
One of my arguments in The Sacred Economy, at least in the chapter called 'On Fluid Bodies: Clans, Households, and Patrons,' is that the ancient Near Eastern clan included both human beings and domestic animals in a continuum. I base this on the 'bestiality' laws, which assume such continuity, since they appear within the framework of what are called 'incest' laws. 'Incest' here includes both blood and non-blood human relations, as well as your expected sheep, goat, cow, pig, and dog.
Some more evidence has come to light, from the method of recording in the late Uruk period (late fourth millennium). There, clay tablets list rural and estate labourers, distinguishing between male and female, age groups (children are 'womb-sucklers'), and their groupings. The curious thing is that exactly the same method is used for recording animals, down to the common term for 'herd'.
So where were the boundaries? A stronger one was between ruling class human beings and those who tilled the soil and herded the sheep and goats. But the most noticeable boundary was between wild animals and domesticated animals-humans. The clan certainly did not include those wild types, unpredictable as they were and outside the bounds of what counted as part of the tribe.
12 May, 2013
Ruling class lament, or, redefining 'crisis'Posted by stalinsmoustache under Sacred Economy | Tags: ancient Near East, crisis, ruling class lament |
[10] Comments
A staple of ancient Near Eastern study is the pattern of imperial and cultural collapses. Thus, the Sumerian expansion, running through from the revolution of Uruk to the elaborate and rather extraordinary organizational achievements of "The Kingdom of Sumer and Akkad" (Ur III), eventually collapses around 2000 BCE, due to a variety of causes. To continue our sample from a large collection, in the sixteenth century a "dark age" descends upon the ANE, and then later again another such age at the close of the second millennium – the Hittites' modest achievements also collapse, as does the Creto-Mycenaean sphere at about the same time in the thirteenth century. By the first millennium it is the turn of Assyria, the Neo-Babylonians, and then the Persians. This narrative in various forms is one of the staples of ANE history (going back to Herodotus), with a consistent pattern of fluorescence and collapse, or expansion and contraction, as one despot after another attempts a phallic-like extension of his powers, penetrating his neighbors and holding them under his seminal splurge, only to find that the rush of blood does not last forever.
We need to ask: collapse and crisis for whom? From the perspective of the ruling class it is indeed collapse and the ensuing period is a prolonged time of crisis. The sources of wealth have been removed, the palaces and temples destroyed, the estate system or patterns of tribute and exchange have been dismantled, and power has been lost. In these contexts, the archaeological record begins to show signs of "crisis architecture," "termination rituals," and "calamity feasts," in which the desperate rulers use up their last reserves to appease furious gods. At times, dispossessed elites do indeed produce remarkable works – the collection of texts in the Hebrew Bible is an excellent example. Yet, from the perspective of the village-communes, of the subsistence and estate laborers, of socially determining clan households, a "collapse" actually means a blessed relief from various means of extraction. We can hardly expect the peasants, laborers, and common people to sit back and wait for such much-desired collapses to happen. From the Habiru through to archaeological signals of urban destruction by the town's own exploited class, they were more than keen to hasten the demise. Semi-nomadic pastoralists too were ready to join in, for throughout Mesopotamian history their annual and usually "peaceful" migration "could be transformed into aggressive campaigns if the power of the centralized state was weak." The outcome was highly desirable: no longer do the young men and women have to work periodically or permanently on the palatine estates; no longer does the despised usurer-merchant-tax-collector call with his thugs to collect a debt slave or take a portion of the herd or some of the girls for his sexual usage; no longer do the temple and palace suck away the foodstuffs needed for subsistence survival. These periods were also ones of innovation: horse and chariot in the sixteenth century "dark age," for instance, or iron technology at the end of the second millennium.
Too many secondary works unwittingly take the perspective of the ruling classes, who produced most of the records that skew our efforts at reconstruction. A case in point is the lament in the Erra Epic. Set in Babylon and during the "crisis" of the late second millennium, it purports to reflect on general chaos and collapse. Nothing could be further from the truth, for it is a lament of a ruling class at the end of its run.
He who did not die in battle, will die in the epidemic
He who did not die in the epidemic, the enemy will rob him
He whom the enemy has not robbed, the thief will thrash him
He whom the thief did not thrash, the king's weapon will overcome him
He whom the king's weapon did not overcome, the prince will kill him
He whom the prince did not kill, the storm god will wash away
He whom the storm god did not wash away, the sun god will carry him away
He who has left for the countryside, the wind will sweep him away
He who has entered his own house, a demon will strike him
He who climbed up a high place, will die of thirst
He who went down to a low place, will die in the waters
You have destroyed high and low place alike!
15 March, 2013
Getting in knots over (ancient) bestialityPosted by stalinsmoustache under hairy creatures of God | Tags: ancient Near East, bestiality, hippophilia, Hittites, smooching horses |
[9] Comments
For some reason I cannot quite fathom, scholars continue to squirm over bestiality. I am preparing to write a piece on bestiality and other paraphilias for a collection with Routledge called Sex in Antiquity. In reading the scant literature on this topic, I came across a piece by JoAnn Scurlock (in Encyclopaedia of the Bible and Its Reception), who appears to be slightly unsettled by the relaxed approach of some of our civilisational forebears to matters sexual and bestial. She wants to argue that they found it all rather distasteful, skipping by material that suggests otherwise. But the highlight is perhaps this moment in her argument. She notes that in the list of omens in the Cuneiform Texts in the Kuyunjik Collection at the British Museum, the following omen appears:
In the one preserved omen where the human takes the initiative, a man inseminates a horse and kisses it (for Mesopotamians a post-coital act), and it means he will have long days.
Not quite sure whether is the "insemination" or the kiss that is problematic here (how do you pash a horse?). Nonetheless, Ms Scurlock proceeds with this stunner:
This would appear to be an endorsement; however, behavioral omens inhabit an amoral universe where the only calculation is of whether anything about the behavior could be interpreted as being of benefit or harm to the solicitor of the omen. It does not follow that good-omened behavior is necessarily desirable or even legal.
What? How is a collection of omens amoral, especially when their purpose is to ensure benefit or harm? And how can good-omened behaviour not be desirable? The presence of bestiality does seem to unsettle the normal processes of logic.
Anyway, I plan to include the smooching horse in my article, along with further reflections on the hippophilic Hittites and the fascinating ritual for a man who has a twinge of guilt for a dalliance with a goat.
18 February, 2013
The return of 'the great one of the peg'Posted by stalinsmoustache under Sacred Economy, weird | Tags: ancient Near East, great one of the peg |
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An ancient Mesopotamia, the transfer of part of a dwelling (never a whole dwelling) was accompanied by much brouhaha. All manner of officials prepared for and attended the event, barley was tossed over the floor, wet clay tablets were incised, the grog flowed … Yet the most important figure present was the enigmatic 'Great One of the Peg'. It seems as though he or she had something to do with a cone, which may or may not have been hammered in a wall. On one level, this is where we really reach the limits of our ability to imagine what the hell went on in many cases in the ANE. On another level, we really need to recover the 'Great One of the Peg'. Not quite sure what this person would do, but that matters little.
8 November, 2012
Sheep and goatsPosted by stalinsmoustache under Sacred Economy | Tags: ancient Near East, goats, sheep, Transylvania |
[5] Comments
What is the dominant institutional form of the ancient economy? Trade, tribute, plunder, debt? Wrong on all counts. Given that 95% of people were engaged in agriculture, that's where we need to look. But did those entrepreneurial farmers produce surpluses of wool, meat, milk and grains to flog off to the highest seller, as Adam Smith would have us believe and a goodly number of archaeologists? Not at all. They were more interested in subsistence survival, which was the dominant institutional form.
Apart from grains, animals were the key. The typical herd had 67% sheep and 33% goats. Why? Sheep produce wool and meat in high volume, but they are less versatile in adverse conditions. Goats, on the other hand, are very versatile, keeping their body weight with a third of the regular diet and able to deal with water shortages and temperature extremes. And they are pretty good value for meat, milk and fibres. The mix ensured that if one part of the herd picked up a disease, the other part would still be there until the numbers return. They both breed well. The herd was culled regularly at all ages to keep its size manageable and the herd healthy. Surpluses? A small surplus in a good year was kept over for tough times that would definitely follow.
As Marx pointed out in the third volume of capital, specific items may turn up in different modes of production. But their function and relation to other items is very different. This feature shows up in all sorts of contexts: medieval Europe, Russia until the early 20th century, the early European settlers in North America, pre-Ottoman and Ottoman times, and many more. Imagine my surprise, then, when I came across a herd in Transylvania last week. The sheep and goats mingled with one another, were multi-coloured, and were in a ratio of 67-33%. It left me wondering about the best approach to animal husbandry in the quicksands of economic crisis.
6 November, 2012
Interest rates in ancient MesopotamiaPosted by stalinsmoustache under Sacred Economy | Tags: ancient Near East, interest, loans |
[2] Comments
How was interest for loans set in the ancient Near East? It is difficult to imagine a situation in which interest 'rates' are not intimately connected to the workings of a capitalist 'market', but the overwhelming evidence indicates that they were set by royal decree at 20% per annum – pretty much for the entire history of the ANE. This came to be seen as the proper rate, decreed by the gods. It is best described as a customary amount rather than a commercial one. To be sure, there were variations, at times as high as 60% per month (720% per annum), at times lower, but the factors here were extra-economic. A major factor was the desire, by the small number of landlords and the state, to ensure indentured labor (as I pointed out earlier). Another version was the 'loan' as an advance payment on an everyday item, such as ivory, a peacock, a monkey, or some common metal like gold – which functioned in a centripetal fashion, to be brought in to enhance the prestige of the potentate in question. In other words, interest rates were socially determined.


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Nordic marine energy technology company Minesto welcomes EU´s new strategy for a resilient Energy Union with a forward-looking climate change policy. "An important and necessary step to speed up the process to reach a sustainable future", said Minesto's CEO, Anders Jansson.
The European Commission has published its strategy to reboot the EU's energy policy. The report identifies ocean energy as one of the main renewable technologies that can play a key role to accelerate the transformation of Europe's energy systems to reach a more sustainable future.
The strategy is welcomed by Minesto´s CEO Anders Jansson: "This is an important and necessary step to accelerate the process to reach a sustainable future", said Minesto's CEO, Anders Jansson. "Therefore I certainly hope that the European Commission will continue its efforts to support ocean energy and pave the way for this fossil free and sustainable energy form and help to establish it as an industrial base within the EU".
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ID: delacaciblackmulti-6
- A sophisticated affair wouldn't be complete without this two tone pump!
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Currently 0.00/512345 Rating: 0.0/5 (Total votes: 0)
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Guitars On Fire is a Guitar Hero clone, like Guitarfun and FretsOnFire. It uses Frets On Fire compatible songs, which can be found all over the internet. Lots are to be found at FretsOnFire fan forum Everything is released under GPL, which means the code is open for everyone to view and modify if they wish. It borrows graphics from both Guitarfun and FretsOnFire, and contains some new graphics. It does NOT use any of the FretsOnFire code, and only a little bit of the Guitarfun code. So it's a different game with a different feeling to it.
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what do you think Buggys bounty in the new world will be? the government regarded him and Luffy as the main leaders of the impel down breakout and they said he was the blood brother of Shanks plus Buggys new crewmembers have bountys of 20,000,000 - 50,000,000 even Whitebeard said Buggys new cremembers were strong also Mr.3 is in the crew i'd say Buggys new bounty is around 70,000,000 also i think Buggy isint really bad its just his old crew which is like Alvida Cabaji Mohiji Buggy has shown that he can be good such as having a friendship with the guy in the box and in impel down plus Buggy went to help rescue Ace.
in short i think Buggy needs to get rid of his old crew now the Buggy Pirates have a ton of fighters with bountys of 20,000,000 - 50,000,000 and Mr.3 why do they need Alvida Cabiji Mohiji and Richie?


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Opened in summer 2006, this building includes 12 apartments. It includes a lobby and a lift. In addition, guests are able to take advantage of the laundry service and are guaranteed car parking around the clock (fees apply).
These apartments enjoy a popular and central location in the Eixample quarter, halfway between the Plaza Catalunya and the Sagrada Familia. Located in the heart of Barcelona, guests are offered a rich choice of restaurants, shops, cinemas, supermarkets, petrol stations and chemists. In addition, it is close to the underground station and bus stops with connections to various places in Barcelona. Barcelona airport lies around 30 km away.
The apartments provide all the comforts of home with quality facilities, the location and the designs of the 70 m� apartments are ideal for long or short stays of a private or business nature. They are all soundproofed and include a lounge/ dining room, 2 bedrooms, a complete bathroom with a bath and a kitchen with a fridge, an oven, a microwave and coffee/tea maker. In addition, the rooms include a king-size bed, a TV, air conditioning (warm/ cold) and a terrace. Moreover, there are apartments available for 3 and 4 persons.
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Scampi Fra Diavolo
Recipe by Mary Close
Garlicky shrimp meets spicy fra diavolo. Serve as an appetizer with grilled bread or spoon over polenta or orzo for a main course. This recipe comes from the November 2008 issue of Bon Appetit.
Top Review by vrvrvr
This was a nice shrimp dish with flavor and tolerable heat. There were a couple mixed reviews around the table. My seafood-loving son found the panko in the wine sauce somewhat off-putting. My husband thought the overall dish just wasn't up to par against other shrimp we've eaten (we tend to eat a lot of shrimp) and he thought the sauce was a little sharp. I greatly enjoyed the dish as did my 8 year old. I probably won't repeat, though, due to the entire family not loving it. But as a garlicky, wine-infused shrimp dish, this is a good bet.
See Discussion:1 Review
Ingredients Nutrition
- 3 tablespoons butter, divided
- 1⁄3 cup panko breadcrumbs (Japanese breadcrumbs)
- 1⁄2 cup chopped fresh Italian parsley, divided
- 1 1⁄4 lbs uncooked large shrimp, peeled, deveined, tails left intact
- 2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
- 1 1⁄2 cups thinly sliced red onions
- 5 garlic cloves, minced
- 1⁄2 teaspoon dry crushed red pepper
- 2⁄3 cup dry white wine, preferably Sauvignon Blanc
- lemon wedge
Directions See How It's Made
- Melt 1 tablespoon butter in a large non stick skillet over medium high heat. Add panko and stir until golden and crisp, about 2 minutes. Transfer to a bowl and mix in 2 tablespoons of the parsley. Wipe out skillet.
- Sprinkle shrimp with salt and pepper. Melt remaining 2 tablespoons butter with olive oil in the same skillet over high heat. Add red onion and saute until beginning to soften, about 3 minutes. Stir in garlic and crushed red pepper, and saute 1 minute. Add shrimp and saute until barely opaque in center, about 1 minute per side. Add white wine and simmer until liquid is slightly thickened and reduced, 2 to 3 minutes. Season to taste with salt and pepper. Stir in remaining parsley.
- Transfer to a shallow bowl. Sprinkle sauteed panko over the top and serve with lemon wedges.


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The Los Angeles Turners, a 501 (c) 3 corporation, founded by German immigrants in the 19th century, has been
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While Los Angeles' population was only
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Upcoming Exhibition: I Made This For You
Objects of Note @ VERSO
Exhibition: Objects of Note @ Awkward Stage
Coming to Awkward Stage this Saturday is a new exhibition of my work titled, "Objects of Note". The exhibition is a collection of my inventions, all of which are more (and less) than they appear to be! Opening reception: Saturday, September 21,... Read The Rest »


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In Islam
What is Al-Shahada?
Shahada (شهادة) in Arabic means "testimony" or "witness statement". The term is often used to refer to the Muslim declaration of faith wherein Muslims say that they bear …witness to God's existence. It can also mean "certificate" like a bachelor's degree or similar. When Muslims refer specifically to ash-Shahada (الشهادة), they are referring to the Muslim declaration of Faith. Ash-Shahada is to witness that no God except one and only one God (Allah in arabic) and that Prophet Muhammad is His messenger. The recitation of ash-Shadada is considered one of the five pillars of Islam. To be accepted by Muslims ash-Shahada must be said in front of an audience of believers. In English, the wording is,"There is no God but God and Muhammad is God's Prophet." in Arabic, the wording is, [ʾašhadu ʾan] lā ilāha illā-llāh, wa [ʾašhadu ʾanna] muḥammadan rasūlu-llāh Transliterated this means: "[I testify that] there is no god (ilah) but God (Allah), and [I testify that] Muhammad is the messenger of Allah." Refer to question below for more information. (MORE)


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The January Board meeting was held at Washington School. Human Resource Director Dave Boster presented a report on Workers Compensation. The School District has a contract with Workers Compensation Self-Insurance Trust (WCSIT) with stop loss at $400,000 per individual claim. A third party administrator, The Sander Group, is hired by the Trust to administer the claims processing. Sander Group handles payment of Workers Compensation Disability Income for employees, payment of claims from providers and interacts and provides payments to legal counsel. The expenses for Workers Comp has decreased dramatically over the past four years. The expense in 2013/14 was $470,669.84, 2015-16 was $288,511.23. Expenses so far this year are $18,846.62. These expenses include payments to providers, disability payroll, and legal fees. Mr. Boster stated that a successful Workers Compensation program consists of three elements: 1) frequent monitoring and communication with the third party administrator, 2) back to work program, and 3) a well-run safety program. Mr. Boster and Benefits Coordinator Teresa Kemp have done a good job of monitoring Workers Comp and implementing changes to cut costs.
Carol Frericks, Director of Student Services, and Eryn Beswick, Special Education Director, reported to the Board on the current QPS Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) with Response to Intervention (RtI), and Special Education Co-Teachers. Data analysis in 2015-2016 found that the current interventions do not address the needs of all students. Mrs. Frericks provided an overview on the framework for MTSS and the process for RTI regarding both academic and social/emotional learning. MTSS is a framework for organizing a continuum of interventions for academic and social/emotional learning. RtI is a process for determining student interventions and monitoring how the student responds to the interventions. Mrs. Beswick explained the co-teaching service delivery option. Two or more teachers with equal status share a classroom and are actively engaging students in learning in a general education classroom. This would provide opportunities for differentiated instruction to address individual student needs. Co-teaching would benefit students with Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) by reducing the stigma, improving instruction and continuity, and giving them access to grade-level curriculum with their peers. Currently, ECFC offers blended classrooms and co-teaching teams are providing service in 4th through 12th grades. Co-teaching teams may be established in all new K-5 buildings to offer increased support in the general education classrooms for all students. Co-teaching will be implemented within the resources and budget available. FTEs (full time equivalents) will remain the same.


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National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
As one of the critical stages of a very large scale integration fabrication process, postexposure bake (PEB) plays a crucial role in determining the final three-dimensional (3-D) profiles and lessening the standing wave effects. However, the full 3-D chemically amplified resist simulation is not widely adopted during the postlayout optimization due to the long run-time and huge memory usage. An efficient simulation method is proposed to simulate the PEB while considering standing wave effects and resolution enhancement techniques, such as source mask optimization and subresolution assist features based on the Sylvester equation and Abbe-principal component analysis method. Simulation results show that our algorithm is 20× faster than the conventional Gaussian convolution method.
Photolithography is a critical process in modern integrated circuit manufacturing. As the technology advances, the feature size of the design pattern shrinks. Although the feature size of the design pattern is much smaller than the wavelength of the exposure light source, the optical diffraction effects and the acid diffusion effects of the chemically amplified resist become key factors in the printing fidelity.
Acid diffusion and the standing wave effect occur during the exposure which degrades the edge of the patterned image. The standing wave effect is shown in Fig. 1, which is generally solved by the postexposure bake (PEB) process. However, most of the simulations with resolution enhancement techniques (RETs) did not consider acid diffusion. Although some simulations include RETs, only a Gaussian function is applied to simulate acid diffusion. Although the influence of the acid diffusion during the PEB process increases with the scaling down of the line-width, we need to look into this issue more seriously.
The standing wave effect.
In this paper, we consider the effect of the PEB process into the RETs. Unlike the traditional methods, the Sylvester equation is applied to simulate the PEB with an acid diffusion effect in a 20× faster runtime than the convolution with a negligible accuracy loss (10−16). In addition, our simulation flow uses Abbe-principal component analysis (Abbe-PCA) to get the aerial image through the optical lens system,1 which can execute source mask optimization (SMO) with a better performance of time efficiency than the Hopkins' method. We also propose an efficient method called image intensity error with an error penalty coefficient (EPC-IIE) to calculate the edge intensity error to get a fast judgment for every candidate image.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Sec. 2, a new method for PEB acid diffusion based on the Sylvester equation will be proposed. Moreover, taking the proposed PEB acid diffusion solution into consideration, the RETs will be described in Sec. 3. The results are shown in Sec. 4.
PEB process, which is a chemical reaction, is an effective method of reducing standing waves. After the photoacid from the photoresist is generated, a chemical latent image will be formed through the photoacid diffusion. For faster and more accurate PEB process simulation, the Sylvester equation is applied to model the photoacid diffusion function.
In the exposure process, some portions of light are not absorbed by the photoresist and reach the substrate surface which reflects light. This produces constructive and destructive interference formed by the standing wave effect. To reduce the standing wave effect, the most useful method is the PEB2 which is proposed by Walker.3
We use Fick's second law of diffusion to describe molecular diffusion. CA is the concentration of species A, DA is the diffusion coefficient of A at some PEB temperature T, t is the PEB time, and r represents different directions in different order. Display Formula
In general cases, it is accurate to assume that the diffusivity is independent of concentration. We can solve the diffusion equation of species A under general conditions and the initial distribution.
Now consider one possible initial condition known as the impulse source, which is also known as a delta function of concentration. For the boundary conditions, we assume zero concentration as r approaches ±∞; in Eq. (1). The solution of Eq. (1) is the Gaussian distribution, where σ is the diffusion length and r denotes the distance from the reference point to original point. In a general case, we can simulate the diffusion function by using a convolution method. Display Formula
Now we consider the solution of the diffusion equation in one dimension, write the equation as [∂T(x,t)/∂t]=D[∂2T(x,t)/∂x2], and define its boundary condition as xl≤x≤xh. In the time domain, we discredited it into an equally spaced grid tn=tn+nδt, and let Tin=T(xi,tn). We calculate the answer as in Eqs. (4) or (5) for each time step. Display Formula
Stability is the most important issue for numerical methods. If we set the wrong constraints the number will spread to infinity or be other under control states. Von Neumann stability analysis,4 also known as Fourier stability analysis, is a procedure used to check the stability of finite difference schemes applied to linear partial differential equations. Consider the time evolution of a single-Fourier mode with wave number k: Display Formula
Factor A is the amplitude of the Fourier mode at each time step. From Eq. (7), we can clearly see that the Fourier mode is stable when C<(1/2).
The Crank–Nicolson method5 is a finite difference method used for numerically solving the heat equation and similar partial differential equations. Equation (8) is the scheme that we use to revisit the original diffusion equation. Display Formula
We performed the von Neumann stability analysis for Eq. (8), with the amplified factor A=[1−2C sin2(kδx/2)]/[1+2C sin2(kδx/2)]. |A|<1 for all values of k. It follows that the Crank–Nicolson scheme is unconditionally stable. The advantage of the Crank–Nicolson scheme is that not only is it unconditionally stable, but it can also be speeded up using matrix algebra.
Now, we consider the solution in two dimensions. By adopting the Crank–Nicolson scheme, we can get the iteration form as in Eq. (9): Display Formula
We set the number of grid points in the x and y directions as n and m, respectively. However, this is not the same as the number of time steps. We write it in matrix form then use matrix algebra to speed it up. We rewrite the equation in matrix form to calculate the solution for every grid point, where Ix={(1/2)+[Dδt/(δx)2]}I and Ix={(1/2)+[Dδt/(δy)2]}I are the identity matrix with the coefficient. Display Formula
Recalling Eq. (10), we rewrite our function to AX+XB=C, where A∈Rm×m, B∈Rn×n, and X, C∈Rm×n, and we need to solve X. This equation is known as the Sylvester equation.
We have m×n equations to solve these m×n unknown numbers and no promise for yielding a unique solution. A proven fact is that matrix X has a unique solution if and only if the eigenvalues α1,α2,⋯αm of A and β1,β2,⋯βn of B satisfy αi+βj≠0.
A faster method6 to solve this equation is rewritten in the form (Im⊗A+BT⊗In)vexX=vexC, where I is the identity matrix and ⊗ is the Kronecker product notation and the vectorization operator vec. The Sylvester equation can be seen as a linear system of dimensions mn×mn.
Recalling Eq. (10), matrices A and B are diagonally dominant, so the eigenvalues of matrices A and B are always larger than zero. Both of the matrices are positive definite and tridiagonal matrices. Therefore, our diffusion equation satisfies the definition of the Sylvester equation, and we can also use sparse matrix algorithms to speed up the performance or reduce the memory usage.
During the PEB process, the correlation between different layers needs to be considered. There are tiny variations between the layers caused by not only the exposure process but also the PEB process. First, we cut the photoresist to k layers. The size of each is n by m. Equation (9) can be written as Eq. (11) in three-dimensions (3-D). Display Formula
We combine the computation of the z direction into the smaller size of A and B matrices. For example, according to the Sylvester equation AX+XB=C as shown in Fig. 2, the dimensions of A, B, X, and C are now A∈Rm×m, B∈R(n×k)×(n×k), and X, C∈Rm×(n×k). The size of B matrix changes from n×n to (n×k)×(n×k). Each layer of the main diagonal {Layer1,Layer2,…,Layerk} in Fig. 3 is a (N+Ix)+[Dδt/(δz)2]I matrix as in Eq. (10). The upper block {U12,U23,…,U(k−1)k} and lower block {L12,L23,…,L(k−1)k} are the same size as the Layer. Every block U(l−1)l and L(l−1)l is a diagonal matrix with the value −[Dδt/2(δz)2]. As a definition, the new matrix is still a diagonally dominant matrix, so the matrix is still positive definite. We can use the Sylvester equation to solve it. The matrix is symmetric and sparse, so the space complexity is O(n×k). If we are in a uniform system, it means that the diffusion coefficient D is consistent in different places of the photoresist and we can save the memory usage as a constant.
The diagram of the Sylvester equation in matrix form.
The three-dimensional (3-D) formulation matrix.
With the feature size of devices shrinking and the number of transistors on the chip increasing, image simulation on the photoresist is facing the challenge to be both fast and accurate. Therefore, many resolution enhancement techniques have recently been proposed to improve the image resolution quality and make it easy for manufacture. In this work, we use the SMO and subresolution assist features (SRAFs) based on the Abbe-PCA to fast and accurately enhance the latent image quality.
Many of the RETs mentioned above are in favor of improving the printing quality individually. There are two solutions for RETs; one is to optimize the light source, another one is to optimize the mask. SMO is the RETs that take not only the mask but also the source into consideration for an overall optimization. Therefore, SMO provides a larger solution space and leads to a better result than other simple RETs. In this work, we decide the source points in the first quarter, and then map them into the remaining three quarters. Therefore, we will generate four lookup tables every time when increasing or deleting a source point in the first quarter.
Initially, the image system is illuminated by the existing Abbe point sources of a given illuminator. As shown in Fig. 4, during source optimization, we first consider the candidate Abbe point sources outside the initial illuminator. Every candidate Abbe point source is considered to be added if the resultant cost function value is getting better. According to the properties of Abbe-PCA mentioned previously, Abbe-PCA kernel compaction can be performed repetitively after we add or delete any Abbe sources during the source optimization.
Source optimization using Abbe-PCA.
The mask optimization we use in this work is a combination of pixel-based optical proximity correction (OPC) methods. For our pixel-model-based OPC process, we denote the mask patterns during iterative mask optimization as O=Oo+Op−On. As shown in Fig. 5, the notation that Oo is the initial mask pattern, which is also the target design pattern we expect, Op is the candidate external pixels to be added, and On is the existing internal pixels to be deleted.
Candidate internal and external pixels.
In our pixel-model-based OPC, the order of the searching sequence would significantly affect the final result and should be carefully decided. In the essence of optical and process proximity, nonideal effects are usually dominated by neighboring features. Therefore, we propose a breadth first search starting from the edges of the original mask pattern. The pixel-based OPC is performed gradually from the initial edges toward the insides and outsides. Moreover, the optimization masks are mostly chosen near the original mask pattern. As a result, we use conventional model-based OPC first for the rough optimization with the large pixels. In addition, we perform pixel-based OPC for detailed optimization with the small-pixels on the previous model-based results hierarchically as shown in Fig. 6.
Hierarchical pixel-model-based OPC.
SRAFs are another solution for RETs. Due to the interference effect, SRAFs is highly relative to λ0/NA, where NA is the numerical aperture and λ0 is the wavelength of the light source. The essence of the optical system, image resolution, is determined by the smallest lens which is also called the exit pupil with its diameter of numerical aperture. SRAFs with scattering bars have been proven effective in adjusting the critical dimension of isolated lines to match that of densely packed lines, and simultaneously improving the depth of focus of isolated lines to match the dense case. In this work, we place the assist features following the rule based on Eqs. (12)–(14), where the MaxSrafNum is the number of assist features we can add to every edge, the SrafThick is the width of the assist features in our work,7 and the SrafDistance is the distance from one assist feature to another assist feature or the main feature. Under our calculation and experiment, we set SrafThick and SrafDistance as 0.19(λ0/NA) and 0.75(λ0/NA). Display Formula
We generate the assist feature hit lists before we add the assist feature. The hit lists record the other rectangles that may overlap with the assist features of the tested rectangle. Taking the top edge of a tested rectangle as an example, we will inspect three blocks which will overlap with the assist features of the testing rectangle. First, we inspect the left block whose y coordinate is from HitYLow to YLow, and the x coordinate is from HitXLow to XLow. Second, we inspect the right block whose y coordinate is from HitYLow to YLow, and the x coordinate is from XHi to HitXHi. In the end, we inspect the central block whose y coordinate is from HitYLow to YLow, and the x coordinate is from XLow to XHi. Notations that the XLow, XHi, YLow are the boundaries of the tested rectangle, and HitYLow, HitXHi, HitXLow are indicated in Eqs. (12)–(14).
Describing the partial coherent illumination, the mutual intensity J(x,y) is applied to the image formulation. J(x,y) can be derived from Fourier transformation to the physical shape of illumination J˜(x,y). The symbol σ in Eq. (15) is defined as the diameter ratio between the illuminator and the exit pupil, which is equivalent to the essence of the optical lens system of the lithography. Display Formula
For the partial coherent system, there are two approaches for imaging, one is Hopkins' theory8 and another is Abbe's method. Hopkins' imaging requires the transmission cross-correlation (TCC) matrix of the illuminating pattern with the pupil and its complex conjugate. To generate the TCC matrix, a space complexity of O(n4) is needed. Therefore, we choose Abbe's method to formulate the image system. Display Formula
Abbe's image formulation is based on approximating the illuminator into a sum of discrete point sources J˜(f,g)≅∑ssourceasδ(f−fs,g−gs). We rewrite the Hopkins' formulation as shown in Eq. (16) into a squared integration of convolution results with respect to the physical shape of the illuminator. Equation (18) shows that the image intensity can be calculated by summing the square of the light field caused by each Abbe source.
PCA is mathematically defined as an orthonormal linear transformation. PCA transforms the data to a coordinate spanned by its eigenvectors such as the greatest eigenvalue. In addition, PCA can be used for dimensionality reduction in a data set by retaining the principal components which contain the greater eigenvalue and neglecting the nonprincipal components. However, most of its characteristics still remain.
We modify Eq. (18) to Eq. (19), where as is the relative intensity of each Abbe point source. Our goal is to rebuild the coherent systems by using principal eigenvectors of the image kernel space to approximate the behavior of the sum of the coherent system built by Abbe's method.1Display Formula
We describe the image system as Eq. (19). We suppose there are k Abbe point sources, and we can generate k kernels with size n by n. We can set the kernel into a matrix H with dimension n2 by k. We use the singular value decomposition method, and derive it as H=USV*, where U is the eigenvectors of the image kernel space, V is the coefficients of the point spread function linear combination, and S is the singular values. We can rewrite the image system as I(x,y:z)=Imax−1∑|O(x,y)*US|2 by Eq. (20). Thus, the PCA transformation can be written as K=HV=US, which means the PCA space K can be spanned by a linear combination of PCA kernels ϕc in U with the weights of singular values in S. As shown in Fig. 7, using Abbe-PCA reduces the kernel size from n2×k to n2×k′.
Abbe-PCA compaction.
Traditionally, the cost function used in RETs is measured by the edge placement error (EPE),9 which calculates the difference between the image contour and the excepted design pattern. However, EPE is time-consuming since it involves the full image simulation demanded and is hard to handle with a mathematical expression. In this work, we propose another cost function called EPC-IIE. The EPC-IIE is described in Eq. (21). Notation Oe,ctr(x,y) means the sampling function at the edges of the whole design pattern, and Ictr means the contour threshold for a constant image model. EPC-IIE is defined as generalized edge intensity error with extra two contours and image thresholds, which does not only optimize the edge intensities but also their adjacent two contours with different thresholds. The definition of the error penalty coefficient is like a piecewise linear step function, which has a different constant coefficient in every image intensity error range as illustrated in Fig. 8. Display Formula
Error penalty coefficient.
We contruct our system in MATLAB 2010, following the simulation flowchart shown in Fig. 9. As for our hardware environment, the CPU is Intel Core i7-2600 3.1 GHz with 16-GB RAM. Windows 7 is also applied as our operating system.
Our flowchart of resist image simulation.
We use the typical 45-nm immersion lithography10 in our work. We also use a mesh point up to 20 for the accuracy of kernels, namely the exit pupil in the spectrum domain is a circ function with a radius up to 10. In addition, we downscale the mask and kernels with a scaling factor 0.6, so that the simulation resolution is under 1.7 nm which saves runtime, and the diffusion coefficient is 3.44×10−20 m2 s−1 K−1.11 The detailed parameters are listed in Table 1, and the thickness of the photoresist is 100 nm.
Moreover, in the PEB process, our method demonstrates a speed up around 20× over the convolution method for a single time step (2 s) as illustrated in Fig. 11(b). To simulate a 50-s flexible PEB diffusion process, our method only takes 250 s with a convolution set up for a 1860×1860 working area. To complete the resist image from the exposure process, it takes less than 120 s for each iteration, with a specified iteration cycle.
Figure 10 shows the original existing Abbe sources, the candidate Abbe sources and the final sources after optimized the design pattern as shown in Fig. 11(a).
(a) The existing Abbe sources, (b) the candidate Abbe sources, and (c) Abbe sources after optimization.
(a) The original mask, (b) the original aerial image, (c) the image after postexposure bake (PEB), (d) difference between (b) and (c), (e) the image contour of (b), (f) the image contour of (d), (g) the mask after source mask optimization and subresolution assist features, and (h) the final effective latent image.
Figure 11(a) shows the original mask and Fig. 11(g) shows the optimized mask after our flowchart. As shown in Figs. 11(d)–11(f), there are significant differences between the aerial image and the image after PEB because both the image intensity and the contour shape of them are different. Figure 12 shows the acid concentration before and after PEB along the z direction, which represents the acid concentration at the short edge of the polygon X in Fig. 11(b). The scaling factor of the z direction is 0.4 for the photoresist thickness, so the thickness of the photoresist is 100 nm. As shown in Fig. 12(a), we can clearly see the standing wave. The variation of the acid concentration after the PEB is shown in Fig. 12(c). We can see the acid diffuse from higher concentration (z=0) to lower concentration (z=40). We set a value 0.3 for the image threshold to calculate the EPC-IIE with the acid diffusion effect. In Eq. (21), we realize the latent image is more similar to the original mask if the EPC-IIE is small. The average EPC-IIE for all edge points is shown in Table 2, which shows the RETs we implemented.
(a) The original acid concentration, (b) the acid concentration after PEB, and (c) the variation of the acid concentration.
In this paper, we consider the acid diffusion effect in our in-house simulator. In addition, the Sylvester equation is applied to simulate the PEB acid diffusion. Therefore, when simulating the PEB acid diffusion with a 3-D Sylvester equation, the simulation time is 20× faster than convolution method with a negligible accuracy loss (10−16). Moreover, our result will be closer to the real shape after the processes.
The authors would like to thank TSMC nPtD/MEB to support this research.
Pei-Chun Lin is pursuing his PhD degree at National Taiwan University. He received his BS degree in mathematics from National Cheng Kung University in 2010 and his MS degree in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University in 2012. His research interests include next-generation lithography, image processing, design for manufacturing, data processing, and the telecare system.
Chun-Chang Yu is pursuing his PhD degree at National Taiwan University. He received his BS degree in mechanical engineering from National Chung Cheng University in 2004, and his MS degree in electrical engineering from National Cheng Kung University in 2006. He has also worked for Andes Technology.
Charlie Chung-Ping Chen received his BS degree in computer science and information engineering from the National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 1990 and his MS and PhD degrees in computer science from the University of Texas at Austin in 1996 and 1998. He is a professor in the EE Department of National Taiwan University, Taiwan. His research interests are in the areas of computer-aided design and microprocessor circuit design with an emphasis on interconnect and circuit optimization, circuit simulation, design for manufacturing, and signal/power/thermal integrity analysis and optimization.
Pei-Chun Lin ; Chun-Chang Yu and Charlie Chung-Ping Chen"Efficient three-dimensional resist profile-driven source mask optimization optical proximity correction based on Abbe-principal component analysis and Sylvester equation", J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS. 14(1), 011006 (Dec 22, 2014). ; http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JMM.14.1.011006
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03/23/96 - 11:56 AM ET - Click reload often for latest version
THE HAGUE, Netherlands - The cruelty sounded horribly familiar: Prison camp guards were accused of using searing brands, nails and corrosive powder to punish and sometimes kill their captives.
But the indictments issued Friday by the U.N. war crimes tribunal were a first: This time, the atrocities were allegedly committed against Serbs - not by Serbs.
Three Bosnian Muslims and a Bosnian Croat are charged with the 1992 murder, torture and rape of Serb detainees at Celebici, a Bosnian government-run prison camp.
Up to now, the Serbs bore the brunt of the horrific indictments issued by the tribunal, with Muslims cited as their victims. That led the Bosnian Serbs to accuse the tribunal of bias against them.
Bosnian Serb deputy leader Nikola Koljevic said Friday's indictments were "an obvious sign that the tribunal wants to present itself as being impartial, or at least less partial, and I would say just about time."
Indicted were Zejnil Delalic, a former commander in the Bosnian government army, Zdravko Mucic, Hazim Delic and Esad Landzo, all staff at the Celebici camp in the Konjic region of central Bosnia.
Mucic is a Bosnian Croat; the others are Bosnian Muslims.
All were accused in a 14-page, 49-count indictment listing atrocities at Celebici that were a mirror image of the savagery allegedly meted out to Muslims in Serb-run camps.
Delalic, Mucic and Delic were indicted for their responsibility for camp guards' alleged murder of at least 14 inmates, torture of many more and rape of two women.
As commander of the First Tactical Group of the Bosnian Muslim forces, Delalic had regional authority over the camp, the indictment says.
Mucic was the camp's commandant, Delic his deputy and Landzo a guard.
Landzo was indicted for personally committing five murders, Delic for four.
Delicic and Mucic have been in custody since Monday. Delicic was arrested in Munich, Mucic in Vienna. Both will be handed over to the tribunal for trial.
Delic and Landzo are at large in Bosnia. Officials of the Muslim-led government there have pledged to arrest and hand them over.
The U.N. court, set up by the Security Council in 1993, now has indicted 57 suspects: 46 Serbs, seven Croats, three Muslims and a Bosnian Croat.
Counts one and two of Friday's indictment described the murder by Landzo, Delic and other guards of Scepo Gotovac, aged 60 to 70.
The guards beat Gotovac "for an extended period of time and nailed an SDA badge to his forehead ... Gotovac died soon after from the resulting injuries," prosecutors allege.
SDA is an abbreviation for the Party of Democratic Action, the ruling Muslim party in Bosnia.
Landzo, who took part in the beating, was just 19 years old at the time.
Another inmate, Momir Kuljanin, was kicked unconscious by guards, had a cross burned on his hand, was suffocated and had a corrosive powder applied to his body by Delic, Landzo and others, according to the indictment.
The tribunal also charged Delic of taking part in the gang-rape of a Bosnian Serb woman and the repeated rape of another.
"Between May and October 1992, the detainees ... were subjected to an atmosphere of terror created by the killing and abuse of other detainees and to inhumane living conditions," the tribunal stated.
The U.N. court also announced Friday that police in Germany have arrested Goran Lajic, an alleged guard at the Serb-run Keraterm camp in northwest Bosnia.
Lajic was arrested after the international police organization Interpol distributed details of his indictment. It was the first time that such international cooperation has ended in the arrest of an indicted suspect.
Lajic, accused last July of beating to death Keraterm inmates in mid-1992, will be sent to the tribunal "within weeks," spokesman Christian Chartier said.
By The Associated Press


text:
Most college students dream of getting a final exam with easy questions like: How many goals are on a basketball court? How many quarters are in a high school basketball game? How many points does a three-point field goal account for?
To top it off, there are multiple choice answers. (Related item: Take the exam)
Those were among the questions about basic basketball knowledge on the final exam, and only test, that students took in Georgia assistant men's basketball coach Jim Harrick Jr.'s Coaching Principles and Strategies of Basketball class in the fall of 2001.
The 20-question test and transcripts of interviews with some of the students in Harrick's class were among 1,500 pages of documents released Wednesday by the university in its response to the NCAA regarding four rules violations in the basketball program.
The university agreed with the NCAA's findings, which included violations of academic fraud and improper benefits.
The NCAA concluded Harrick Jr. "fraudulently awarded grades of A to three men's basketball student-athletes" enrolled in the course he taught in the fall 2001 semester by allowing them to miss class and tests. Harrick Jr. also allegedly provided an extra benefit to student athletes by the manner in which he conducted the course, the NCAA found.
After the allegations came to light, Georgia last March chose not to renew the contract of Harrick Jr., the son of former head Georgia men's basketball coach Jim Harrick.
An attorney for the Harricks said Wednesday that Harrick Jr. would not comment, and that a federal lawsuit filed last week is their response. That lawsuit accuses university officials and others of defamation.
According to the documents, one of Harrick's students called the final exam in the class, "the easiest thing that I've ever taken."
"I remember when he assigned that, you know, he didn't seem to care if anybody showed up to take the final because he said, 'Well, if you know of anybody who is not here who needs to take the final, just tell them to come by my office. It's no big deal,'" the unnamed student told attorney Ed Tolley, who conducted the school's investigation of the charges, according to the transcript.
The names of Harrick's students who were interviewed were blacked out in the papers.
"He always joked with us about the NCAA, you know, about all kinds of stuff, never really seemed to take it seriously," the same student said.
All the students in the class were given an A grade, according to the documents.
In its investigation, school attorneys said they contacted 18 of Harrick's 39 students, who all said they took the test, but said that scholarship basketball players — Chris Daniels, Rashad Wright and Tony Cole, a former player, did not take it.
It was Cole who who went public last year with his allegations of receiving academic and financial benefits from the coaching staff.
Another student-athlete in the class told Amy Chisholm, Georgia's assistant athletic director for compliance, in an interview in March 2003 that it was a "fairly easy class."
The final "was short and easy," the student-athlete said. "A lot of times Harrick Junior would not come to class towards the end so I do not remember any study sessions for the final. I think I did well on the final."
Take the test
The 20-question final exam that Jim Harrick Jr. gave to students in his Coaching Principles and Strategies of Basketball course in the fall of 2001:
1. How many goals are on a basketball court?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
2. How many players are allowed to play at one time on any one team in a regulation game?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
3. In what league to [sic ] the Georgia Bulldogs compete?
a. ACC
b. Big Ten
c. SEC
d. Pac 10
4. What is the name of the coliseum where the Georgia Bulldogs play?
a. Cameron Indoor Arena
b. Stegeman Coliseum
c. Carrier Dome
d. Pauley Pavilion
5. How many halves are in a college basketball game?
6. How many quarters are in a high school basketball game?
7. How many points does one field goal account for in a Basketball Game?
8. How many points does a three-point field goal account for in a Basketball Game?
9. How many officials referee a college basketball game?
b. 4
c. 6
d. 3
10. How many teams are in the NCAA Men's Basketball National Championship Tournament?
a. 48
b. 64
c. 65
d. 32
11. What is the name of the exam which all high school seniors in the State of Georgia must pass?
a. Eye Exam
b. How Do The Grits Taste Exam
c. Bug Control Exam
d. Georgia Exit Exam
12. What basic color are the uniforms the Georgia Bulldogs wear in home games?
a. White
b. Red
c. Black
d. Silver
13. What basic color are the uniforms the Georgia Bulldogs wear in away games?
a. Pink
b. Blue
c. Orange
d. Red
14. How many minutes are played in a college basketball contest?
a. 20
b. 40
c. 60
d. 90
15. How many minutes are played in a high school basketball game?
a. 15
b. 30
c. 32
d. 45
16. Diagram the three-point line.
17. Diagram the half-court line.
18. How many fouls is a player allowed to have in one Basketball game before fouling out in that game?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 0
19. If you go on to become a huge coaching success, to whom will you tribute [sic ] the credit?
a. Mike Krzyzewski
b. Bobby Knight
c. John Wooden
d. Jim Harrick Jr.
20. In your opinion, who is the best Division I assistant coach in the country?
a. Ron Jursa [sic ]
b. John Pelphrey
c. Jim Harrick Jr.
d. Steve Wojciechowski
Source: University of Georgia


text:
- Apr 14th - 15th, 2012
- Apr 9th - 10th, 2016
The Rapid City Gun Show currently does not have dates scheduled. This Rapid City, South Dakota gun show is held at Rushmore Civic Center and hosted by Chairman: Sonny Pesicka & Dakota Territory Gun Collectors Association. All federal, state and local firearm ordinances and laws must be obeyed.
- Phone: (605) 923-5191


text:
A BURGLAR posed as a fire officer and ushered a pensioner out of her Camberley home after disturbing her.
He told the frightened woman, who was in bed, that her house was on fire and that she needed to get dressed and leave quickly.
She did as she was told, only for the villain to disappear with her handbag while she was putting on her clothes.
Police believe the burglar has carried out similar raids on the homes of other pensioners in the area, usually between 10pm and 8am.
In some cases he has claimed to be a police officer after disturbing his victims.
Because he strikes during the early hours, police have only a sketchy description of the intruder.
"He is white and in his 20s," said a spokeswoman. "He is very bold, although on one occasion he ran off after a pensioner shouted at him."
Anyone with information which would help police catch the thief should ring DC Maxine Cilia on 01932 845544, or Surrey Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.


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I has been developer innovative solutions for educational institutes and integrate new computer-aided tools for training and e-learning.
"Solan" received an approval by the Israel i Ministry of Education in for more than 30 software solutions used in over 2000 schools in Israel US and South America .
I has been developer a professional training platform including Interactive Video Composer System (IVCS), for the business sector (CBT) called eTrainer that used by major companies in Israel .
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- Located in a safe, secured and serene estate
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- Title: Governor's Consent
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