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Southern's chronic eligibility issues dealt the Jaguars secondary a 1-2-3 punch just before kickoff Saturday night in A.W. Mumford Stadium.
Northwestern State quarterback Zach Adkins was even harder on the defensive backfield, setting school records with 30 completions for the game and 19 consecutive, as well as tying a school record with four touchdown passes.
Adkins, a senior who passed for 331 yards and three touchdowns in a 41-point victory against the Jaguars last season, had just five incompletions as he passed for 230 yards in Northwestern State's 51-27 victory.
"He was on fire tonight," Demons coach Jay Thomas said. "He's usually very, very consistent anyway, but he was really on tonight."
Southern (1-2) begins defense of its Southwestern Athletic Conference championship when it visits Prairie View on Saturday. The Demons (1-2) next visit Louisiana Tech.
Starting cornerbacks Kevin King and D'Andre Woodland and starting safety Dionte McDuffy were dressed and ready to start before being told just minutes before kickoff that they couldn't play. King had gone to midfield as a game captain to participate in the pregame coin toss before being pulled.
Southern Athletic Director William Broussard confirmed that the three players, who started in the Jaguars' first two games, had been withheld for certification reasons but added, "I don't know why." He said the decision came from the university outside the athletic department.
Coach Dawson Odums, who had already lost five other key players to ineligibility, said he learned Thursday night that the players' status was in jeopardy.
"I was hoping we would be able to get them squared away," he said, "but we didn't get them squared away."
As a result, redshirt freshmen Justin Bethancourt and Blake Monroe and true freshman Danny Johnson joined regular starters Rhaheim Ledbetter and Bryan Anderson as starters in the secondary.
Adkins took full advantage of the absences, passing for 162 yards and three touchdowns as the Demons rolled to a 34-7 halftime lead. He broke the school record of 13 consecutive passes when he went 17-for-17 in the second quarter.
The streak reached 19 on the first possession of the third quarter before Adkins missed Ed Eagen. It mattered little as, one play later, Garrett Atzenweiler ran 4 yards for a touchdown and a 41-7 lead. The lead grew to 48-7 when Southern's Tre Bracken lost a fumble and Adkins followed with a 7-yard touchdown pass to Eagan.
The Jaguars scored consecutive touchdowns on Deonte Shorts' 79-yard pass to Justin Morgan and Shorts' 2-yard run to get within 48-21. Chris Moore's 24-yard field goal on the first play of the fourth quarter increased the lead to 51-21. Bracken ran 56 yards for a Southern touchdown that completed the scoring with 1:34 left.
The Jaguars turned the ball over five times and didn't take it away. The Demons returned Shorts' fumble for a touchdown, and the other turnovers gave them the ball at the Southern 16, 41 and 27 and at the Northwestern State 18.
"With as many turnovers as we had, giving teams a short field, it doesn't matter if they're a good team or an average team or a bad team," Odums said. "You're going to make it difficult on yourself when you turn the ball over. Tough day, man."
The Jaguars had 298 yards in the second half after having 121 in the first. After completing 3-of-6 passes for 2 yards and losing the fumble in the first half, Shorts was 10-of-15 for 159 yards in the second half. Backup Austin Howard was 4-of-14 for 97 yards with one touchdown and three interceptions.
"Deonte had to get his first-half jitters out of him like every player does," said Justin Morgan, who caught four passes for 109 yards and a touchdown. "He came out in the second half and did what he had to do. They're both young quarterbacks, so you expect them to be a little scared at the beginning and have some ups and downs. But they're ready. We have confidence in them."
Northwestern State took control almost immediately.
The Demons forced a three-and-out on the first possession, then quickly drove to a 6-yard touchdown pass from Adkins to Tuff McClain.
Southern went three-and-out again, and Paul Randle Soden's 15-yard punt set up Northwestern State at the Jaguars 31. The Demons couldn't get a first down, but Moore's 46-yard field goal increased their lead to 10-0.
On the ensuing possession, Shorts was cornered and reversed field on a scramble before fumbling. JeMarcus Marshall picked the ball up and ran for a touchdown and a 17-0 lead.
Howard replaced Shorts, as he usually does after a few series, and gave Southern a lift on his second possession. He hit Willie Quinn on a quick slant, and Quinn raced up the middle of the field untouched for a 79-yard touchdown that got the Jaguars within 17-7 after one quarter.
Adkins was perfect in the second quarter, passing for 115 yards and touchdowns of 9 yards to Shakeir Ryan and 10 to Cody Jones. In between, Moore kicked a 31-yard field goal as Northwestern State pushed its lead to 34-7 at halftime.
All the while, King, Woodland and McDuffy stood helplessly on the sideline, watching in uniform but having removed their shoulder pads.


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ALBANY, NY - Residents who are unemployed as a direct result of the recent flooding caused by Tropical Storm Lee and who live or work in Chemung County may now be eligible for weekly benefit payments under the Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA) program, state and federal officials announced today.
"The DUA program extends coverage to self-employed people, farm workers and others who have lost employment as a direct result of the disaster," Andrew X. Feeney, state coordinating officer, said. "It is specifically designed to assist those who are otherwise ineligible for state unemployment benefits."
The availability of this program was initiated by President Obama's September 13 disaster declaration for parts of New York State and extends to those living or working in any of the seven counties eligible for individual assistance. They are: Broome, Chemung, Chenango, Delaware, Otsego, Schenectady and Tioga counties.
To apply for DUA, call the Telephone Claims Center (TCC) at 1-888-209-8124 or 1-877-358-5306 if you live out of state. Have your Social Security number, earnings from your most recent tax year and employment history available when you call. The deadline to apply for DUA in Chemung County is October 20, 2011.
You may be eligible to apply for DUA if:
- You were injured in the disaster and are unable to work, whether you are an employee or self-employed.
- Your workplace was damaged or destroyed.
- Your transportation to work is not available.
- You cannot get to your job because you must travel through the affected area.
- You were about to begin working, but could not because of the disaster.
- You derived most of your income from areas affected by the hurricane and your business is down as a direct result of the disaster.
"This program is designed to help those whose employment was interrupted by the disaster," said Philip E. Parr, FEMA's federal coordinating officer. "It will help them make ends meet until they can get back to work."
FEMA's mission is to support our citizens and first responders to ensure that as a nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
An Examination has been conducted by the Union Public Service Commission on 17 th April, 2016, for admission to the Army, Navy and Air Force wings of the NDA for the 137 th Course, and for the 99nth Indian Naval Academy Course (INAC) commencing from 2nd January, 2017. The approximate 375 vacancies has to be filled through this examination (Army – 208 seats, Navy – 42 seats, Air Force – 70 seats, Naval Academy – 55 seats).
Important Dates :-
NDA and NA Exam (I)-2016
Date of Notification: 2nd January 2016
The Online Applications (Part I and II) can be filled from 2nd January 2016 to 29th January 2016 till 11.59 p.m.
Last date for Payment of fee through Offline: 28th January 2016 by 23.59 hrs.
Last date for Payment of Fee through Online: 29th January 2016 by 23.59 hrs.
Availability of e-Admit Cards: 3 Weeks before the commencement of Exam
Last date for submission of application: 29th January 2016
Date of NDA (I) Examination: 17th April 2016
Written Exam Results will be declared in: July-August 2016
INAC commencing from: 02nd January 2017
SSB Interview for the candidates qualified in Written Exam will be held during: July 2016 to Sept-Oct 2016
NDA Exam Pattern 2016 :-
The Examination for the NDA is conducted in two sessions namely the Mathematics and the General Ability sections. The highlights of these two sections are as follows:
- There are 120 questions carrying 300 marks in the Mathematics section and 150 questions carrying 600 marks in the general ability section.
- The total marks will be 900.
- The time allotted for the first section would be 150 minutes and for the section, the time allotted would also be 150 minutes.
- There is the provision of negative marking for every negative response.


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Mr. Tom Atkinson
Mitcheldean, Gloucestershire - UK
No approved endorsements
About Mr. Tom Atkinson
The National On Line Business Awards write up on its judges quates "Tom Atkinson, currently C.E.O of Keen Thinking, director of Purple Factors, non executive director of Manage People, and compliance consultant for Gain Advantage and others, is always keen to witness âbest of breedâ. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute of the Motor Industry (F.I.M.I.) before moving into recruitment 10 years ago and becoming one of Plimsoll Publishingâs Entrepreneurs of the Year. He is listed in âWhoâs Whoâ in both âWhoâs Whoâ in Britainâs Business Elite and âWhoâs Whoâ in Recruitment. (2002 edition). A previous judge for, presenter and recipient of, many awards, Tom is currently a judge for the âOrangeâ National Business Awards and has been for the last 4 years. As well as NORA, Cash Simply, one of his companyâs brands, is sponsoring âBest Recruitment Consultantâ awards across the country.
If you notice offensive or incorrect information, please contact us.


text:
Whale Wars
Boiling Point
Season 1 Episode 7
The Sea Shepherds have finally found the most important ship in the Japanese whaling fleet, the Nisshin Maru factory ship. Everything has led to this moment and despite warnings from the Japanese whalers, the Sea Shepherds strike.
- 44 min
- Premiered 12/19/2008


text:
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Can I avoid the Thank You Page Wizard when using a form with MailChimp integration?Asked by DPG_User on July 14, 2014 at 04:05 AM
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text:
logo, colours and graphics
Budjetti $100-500 USD
Hi, I have an ecommerce site that is suiting me very well appart of graphics - vadim.co.uk. This is what I need now:
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a) I need the logo to be based on the V letter, or something that reminds a V as you can see the reason below.
b) I need it to be easy to use with my other sites, but just to change the colours (v-enterprise, v-racks, v-laptops, v-matrix)
2) new colourset (preferably blue and something that looks good together, maybe yelow)
3) graphics
4) complete redesign of the header
5) everything else that you might like to change.
6) you provide me with html and I will implement the changes myself to save you the time if you like. Its up to you really, but my php files are a bit changed from the standard oscommerce.
Hope to hear from you soon as it will follow another projects that I will need you : [url removed, login to view], v-laptops, v-racks etc.
45 freelanceria on tarjonnut keskimäärin 298 $ tähän työhön
I can do the job to meet with your requirements. Please see my current on going works at http://cutiegroup.com, http://hautu.com/ikado/ and http://javernet.com/time.php. Thanks and I'm looking forward to work with you.
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Hello. I can easily do this project for you in a week or less. I can either sketch a V design or design one in Photoshop. Please visit us at http://www.writersnotebook.com
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I am looking for Website Design, and Graphic Design jobs. Your Business would be appreciated. Sincerely Leslie Preston
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I assure you sir that you will get the best of the best logo designs you would have seen . you can view a few samples of my design at (www.geocities.com/logos_india/index.swf). Regards.


text:
Pesticide effects on earthworms. A tropical perspective
- Clifford Todd
- 1 years ago
- Views:
2 Pesticide effects on earthworms A tropical perspective
3 ISBN: Cover design: M.M. Medagoda & R. Wickramaratne Lay out: Désirée Hoonhout Printing: Ipskamp Drukkers B.V., Enschede Thesis of the Department of Ecological Science, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
4 VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Pesticide effects on earthworms A tropical perspective ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. L.M. Bouter, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de faculteit der Aard- en Levenswetenschappen op maandag 23 november 2009 om uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Pallagae Mangala Chathura Surendra De Silva Geboren te Badulla, Sri Lanka
5 promotor : copromotoren: prof.dr. N.M. van Straalen dr.ir. C.A.M van Gestel prof.dr. A. Pathiratne
6 Earthworms are the pulses of the soil, the healthier the pulse the healthier the soil" Prof. dr. Sultan Ahmed Ismail Eco-science research foundation, India This research was supported by the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (WB ) residing under the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). The studies were performed at Department of Animal Ecology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Zoology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
8 Contents Page Chapter 1. General Introduction 9 Chapter 2. Influence of temperature and soil type on the 19 toxicity of three pesticides to Eisenia andrei. Chapter 3. Toxicity of chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, 33 mancozeb and their formulations to the earthworm Perionyx excavatus under tropical conditions. Chapter 4. Comparative sensitivity of Eisenia andrei 45 and Perionyx excavatus in earthworm avoidance tests using two soil types in the tropics. Chapter 5. Development of an alternative artificial soil 57 for earthworm toxicity testing in tropical countries. Chapter 6. Chlorpyrifos causes decreased organic matter 69 decomposition by suppressing earthworm and termite communities in tropical soil Chapter 7. General Discussion 83 References 91 Summary 107 Samenvatting 111 Acknowledgements 115
10 Chapter 1 General Introduction 9
11 10
12 General Introduction General Introduction The world population is expected to reach 9.1 billion by the year 2050 with the current annual growth rate of 1.2 % and the tropical regions of the world will be mostly accounted for this trend (UN, 2001; Cohen, 2005; UN, 2005). Increasing food productivity for food security is very essential in many tropical countries (FAO, 2005) and one direct consequence of the booming food production is the threat to natural ecosystems. The situation is especially alarming in tropical ecosystems because biodiversity is higher than in temperate regions (Lacher and Goldstein, 1997). Tropical ecosystems, although a relatively small fraction of the land surface of the earth (26%), hold a very high primary productivity (Deshmukh, 1986). Sustainability of such systems is directly linked to attainment of equilibrium between human needs such as agricultural production and environmental damage. Some decades ago Chang (1968) already stressed the importance of deliberate planning in maintaining such a balance, which is still lacking in tropical ecosystems. A significant proportion of the world s biodiversity is recorded in agroecosystems (Pimentel et al, 1992). The increasing use of agrochemicals in such systems affects non-target organisms in soil and water (Abdullah et al, 1997; Reinecke and Reinecke, 2007) and is often a major factor contributing to declining biodiversity (Barr et al, 1993; Chamberlain et al, 2000; Robinson and Sutherland 2002; Benton et al, 2003; Bianchi et al, 2006). Nevertheless agricultural production is directly linked with the number and quantity of agrochemicals used (Klassen, 1995; Matson et al, 1997; Carvalho, 2006), illustrating the trade-off between food production and biodiversity. Pesticide use and trends in Sri Lanka The increasing use of agrochemicals is well illustrated by world crop protection product sales. Table 1 shows the growth of the global crop protection market by product sector during The global market value for crop protection products rose by 9.7% in 2007 compared to Fungicides highly contributed to this trend followed by herbicides and insecticides and market performance of tropical regions like Latin America, Middle East/Africa and Asia is very strong (Table 2). This general trend of increased pesticide use in the world also holds for Sri Lanka, where the use of agrochemicals has been steadily increasing in spite of more or less constant agricultural production. The development of the volume index of agriculture production in Sri Lanka during compared to the base period of is given in Figure 1 together with the annual consumption of pesticides in the same period. The volume index 11
13 Chapter 1 Table 1. Global crop protection market growth by product sector during Values are given in nominal US dollars (M$) 2007 (M$) Growth (%) Herbicides 14,805 16, Insecticides 7,380 8, Fungicides 7,180 8, Others 1,060 1, Total 30,425 33, Source: Crop Life International (2008) Table 2. Global crop protection market growth by region ( ). Values are given in nominal US dollars (M$) 2007 (M$) Growth (%) NAFTA 7,379 7, Latin America 5,203 6, Asia 7,405 7, Europe 9,217 10, Middle East/ Africa 1,221 1, Total 30,425 33, Source: Crop Life International (2008) of production is based on the sum of price-weighted quantities of different agriculture commodities produced after deduction of the quantities used as seed and feed and weighted in a similar manner. It clearly shows that agrochemical consumption is increasing; herbicides are mostly consumed followed by insecticides and fungicides. The pesticide market in Sri Lanka is mainly dependent on imported formulations rather than on technical grade materials with the use of the latter being more or less constant from 1995 to 2005 (Figure 2). In Sri Lanka carbamates, organophosphate insecticides, phenoxy and amide herbicides and inorganic and dithiocarbamate fungicides are the most used groups of pesticides. This is also illustrated by recent data on local pesticide sales from (Table 3). Pesticides commonly used in the region itself may vary according to the country based on different registration and regulation procedures. On a global scale, Class II insecticides, which are classified as moderately hazardous by the World Health Organization (WHO) based on the human health risks are on top of the list, however, in Sri Lanka, carbofuran (classified as "highly 12
14 General Introduction Annual consumption (Mt) Volume index Year Insecticide Herbicides Fungicides Total Volume Index Figure 1. Annual consumption of pesticides by product sector in Sri Lanka and volume index of agriculture production during (Source: Pesticide registrar s office, Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka and Department of Census & Statistics, Colombo, Sri Lanka) Volume (Mt) Year Technical Formulations Total Figure 2. Imports of pesticide technical products and formulations to Sri Lanka during (Source: Pesticide registrar s office, Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka). 13
15 Chapter 1 hazardous") is the most used pesticide. Generally the choice of pesticides in Sri Lanka is still much better compared to other tropical countries like Thailand, India and African counterparts, where chemicals banned in Europe and America, such as organochlorines, are still being produced and used. Table 3. Local sales of commonly used pesticides in Sri Lanka during (Source: Pesticide registrar s office, Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka) and hazard classification of pesticides according to WHO (2004). Pesticide Hazard Local sales (Mt) Classification Insecticides Carbofuran 1b Diazinon Chlorpyrifos Phenthoate Dimethoate Weedicides Glyphosate U Propanil MCPA Diuron U Alachlor Fungicides Mancozeb U Sulphur U Cu Oxychloride Maneb U Cu hydroxide b: highly hazardous, 11: moderately hazardous, 111: slightly hazardous, U: unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use Tropical ecotoxicology and risk assessment Tropical ecotoxicology is the science that studies adverse effects of xenobiotics on natural organisms under tropical conditions. This approach is unique compared to traditional ecotoxicology since it has to deal with biotic and abiotic factors in a system that is very different from the temperate regions. Tropical ecotoxicology is also incorporating socioeconomic, cultural and political aspects because agricultural management decisions are directly affecting the lives of families in local villages (see also Lacher and Goldstein, 1997). The greatest challenge in tropical ecotoxicology is to assess the ever growing use of agrochemicals 14
16 General Introduction and their effects on the ecosystem. Nevertheless, assessing such effects should be a major consideration when aiming for sustainable development in tropical regions. Unfortunately assessment systems incorporating sustainability considerations are lacking in tropical regions due to various reasons. A lack of information on the side-effects of pesticides on major ecological processes has been identified as a major obstacle in establishing sustainable agriculture in tropical conditions (Van den Brink et al, 2003). Information on the impacts of agrochemicals on human health (Roberts et al, 2003; Perera et al, 2008; Samarawickrema et al, 2008; Mohamed et al, 2009) and aquatic organisms (Castillo et al, 1997; Guruge and Tanabe, 2001; Satapornvanit et al, 2004, De Silva and Samayawardehena, 2005, Chandrasekara and Pathiratne, 2007; Daam et al, 2009a) is available compared to only limited data on effects on soil organisms. This limited information on the effects of pesticides on soil organisms includes some studies with non-standardized methods (Senapati et al, 1991; Verma and Pillai, 1991; Rao and Kavitha, 2004) and also with standardized methods (Helling et al, 2000; Römbke et al, 2007; Garcia et al, 2008). Nevertheless the use of a proper risk assessment scheme for soil organisms in tropical risk assessment is limited due to scarcity of data. The complexity of ecological processes in soil and their interactions under tropical conditions also demands more data when assessing such risks. Therefore assessing the effects of agrochemicals under these conditions is a prerequisite. Pesticide regulation and risk assessment in tropical areas are still largely dependent on temperate data, which represent temperate species and conditions. In aquatic ecosystems it has been shown that temperate data could also be used in tropical conditions (Castillo et al, 1997; Karlsson, 2004; Maltby et al, 2005; Kowak et al, 2007; Daam et al, 2009b). In soil ecosystems this approach may not be appropriate while assessing pesticide effects on soil ecosystems under tropical conditions is very essential in view of the sustainability aims. Pesticide toxicity in the tropics It is expected that toxicity of a pesticide in tropical regions may not be comparable with other geographically distinct ecosystems in the world. Both the fate and the effects of the pesticide could be different in tropical ecosystems compared to other regions (Bourdeau et al, 1989; Lacher and Goldstein, 1997) and this could also depend on the type of pesticide (Garcia, 2004). Higher temperature and humidity unique to tropical climates are the main environmental differences. In addition, tropical species might have a greater or lesser innate sensitivity to a pesticide, even when conditions are the same. There are two possible hypotheses to explain differences in pesticide toxicity in tropical conditions. On the effects side, higher temperatures and 15
17 Chapter 1 humidity may increase the overall activity of living organisms. The resulting higher uptake of pesticides may cause more serious adverse effects. Alternatively, exposure conditions may vary in tropical conditions mainly due to degradation and sorption, two key processes that determine pesticide fate in soil. Degradation rates may depend on physico-chemical and biological properties of the soil (Rao et al, 1983) and especially humid tropical climates may enhance the degradation of a chemical due to hydrolysis, volatilization and other degradation processes (Klein, 1989; Viswanathan and Krishnamurti, 1989; Racke et al, 1997; Laabs et al, 2002). On the other hand, sorption may mainly depend on the organic matter content (Spark and Swift, 2002; Coquet, 2003) and higher variability of soil structure in tropical regions may therefore significantly affect bioavailability. In addition a more active microbial community may enhance the biodegradation of a pesticide (Abdullah et al, 1997; Singh et al, 2003). The overall effects of all these processes may result in lower as well as higher availability of pesticides in the tropical ecosystem resulting in lower as well as higher toxicities to soil organisms. Since predictions on the risks of pesticides in tropical ecosystems are difficult to make, more experimental work is necessary. This thesis reports on such work, focusing on earthworms. Earthworm ecotoxicology Earthworms play a vital role in soil ecosystems and their presence to sustain a healthy soil was already highlighted by Charles Darwin (Darwin, 1881). Their contribution to complex processes such as litter decomposition, nutrient cycling and soil formation is very important hence presence of earthworms is beneficial to agro-ecosystems (Edwards and Fletcher, 1988; Lavelle, 1988; Lavelle et al, 1997; Edwards, 1998; Eriksen-Hamel and Whalen, 2007). As a major component of the soil ecosystem they are susceptible to xenobiotics like pesticides and effects could be seen at the species, population and even the community level (Edwards and Bohlen, 1992). In fact it was Kennel (1972, 1990) who first reported that reduced litter decomposition in orchards could indicate pesticide effects on earthworms. Since then, the use of earthworms in ecotoxicological studies is common and a large database on pesticide effects on earthworms exist (Spurgeon et al, 2003; Frampton et al, 2006), varying from biomarkers (Van Gestel and Weeks, 2004; Rodriguez-Castellanos and Sanchez-Hernandez, 2007) to field effects (Förster et al, 2006; Reinecke and Reinecke, 2007; Casabé et al, 2007). Linking effects reported in the laboratory to field conditions was a challenge and nevertheless extrapolation of such data to realistic conditions was rather successful (Heimbach, 1992; Van Gestel, 1992; Kula, 1995; Holmstrup, 2000; Jänsch et al, 2006)). Unfortunately most of these studies were focused on conditions representing North 16
18 General Introduction America and Europe and therefore they may not be applicable to tropical conditions. Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei have been the standard species in earthworm ecotoxicology especially in the temperate regions (see Jänsch et al, 2005). A relatively short life cycle, a high cocoon production, continuous breeding and easy culturing under laboratory conditions have made them suitable model species. One main advantage of using Eisenia sp. in toxicity studies is their cosmopolitan distribution (Blakemore, 2006), which explains why it also has been used in tropical ecotoxicity studies (Garcia, 2004). However, species belong to the genus Eisenia are primarily vermicomposting worms and their ecological role in natural soil ecosystems is rather questionable. Therefore linking effects observed in Eisenia sp. to ecologically relevant species is a concern. This makes it even more vital to use indigenous tropical species for toxicity testing. So far other species like Perionyx sp. from the family Megascolecidae (Callahan et al, 1994; Maboeta et al, 1999; Reinecke et al, 2001; Muthukaruppan et al, 2004), Lampito mauritii (Megascolecidae) (Reddy et al, 1984; Santhanam et al, 1992), Eudrilus eugeniae (Eudrilidae) (Callahan et al, 1994; Fitzgerald et al, 1996; Reinecke et al, 2001) and Pontoscolex corethrurus (Glossoscolecidae) (Garcia, 2004) have been used in ecotoxicity studies. This limited information on tropical species is rather inadequate and the use of local species in earthworm toxicity tests is therefore of high priority. Outline of the thesis The main objective of this thesis is to assess pesticide effects on earthworms under tropical conditions by laboratory studies using different endpoints and linking such effects to earthworm community structure and functioning of soil ecosystems. The second aim was to develop soil ecotoxicological methods for tropical regions. In Chapter 2, effects of three commonly used pesticides on the standard earthworm test species Eisenia andrei at two different temperatures representing temperate (20 0 C) and tropical (26 0 C) conditions were investigated. Different soils representing both tropical and temperate conditions were included to determine the possible effects of soil types. The endpoints measured were survival, reproduction and growth. The standard test species Eisenia andrei and Eisenia fetida have been a popular choice in soil ecotoxicology for decades, nevertheless these species are rarely found in natural ecosystems. Therefore toxicity data generated through these species may not be ecologically relevant and the use of local species should be encouraged in tropical ecotoxicology. In Chapter 3, toxicity of chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and mancozeb on the same endpoints was investigated using the tropical earthworm species Perionyx excavatus and compared with Eisenia andrei (reported in Chapter 2) in the same soil 17
19 Chapter 1 types under tropical conditions. In realistic field conditions, farmers use formulated products, which are combinations of one or more active ingredients and several additives. Standard toxicity tests, however, always use pure compounds. Comparative studies of the formulated products and pure compounds are rare both under temperate and tropical conditions. Therefore the comparative toxicity of the pure compounds of chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and mancozeb together with their formulated products to Perionyx excavatus were also investigated in Chapter 3. Avoidance tests have been considered as complementary screening tests in the risk assessment of chemicals and are reported to be ecologically relevant and even more sensitive than traditional endpoints such as survival and reproduction. The short duration of avoidance tests and their cost effectiveness seem to make them ideal under tropical conditions. Earthworm avoidance tests were therefore performed using the standard test species Eisenia andrei as well as the tropical species Perionyx excavatus in chlorpyrifos and carbofuran spiked soils (Chapter 4). This has also been linked to the relative sensitivity of the two species reported in Chapter 2. One of the major constraints in ecotoxicology is a lack of tropical perspectives in standard test guidelines and designs. The use of artificial soil, which was developed earlier by OECD (1984) and later adopted by ISO (1993), is very common in soil ecotoxicity tests in temperate regions. It consists of 70 % sand, 20 % kaolin, 10 % sphagnum peat and a small amount of CaCO 3 to adjust ph. Sphagnum peat is not widely available in tropical and subtropical regions, making it necessary to develop a tropical artificial soil with locally available materials. Therefore an attempt was made to replace the peat component with environmentally friendly local materials. A test procedure using various replacements was validated using chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and carbendazim (Chapter 5). A tiered approach involving effect assessment of plant protection products on soil organisms has rarely been reported in both temperate and tropical regions. This approach may be beneficial in risk assessment processes especially in tropical regions, mainly due to the complex biotic and abiotic factors and their interactions. The use of field tests to assess pesticide effects on soil organisms may yield valuable information on soil community structure (diversity, abundance, and biomass) and functions (nutrient cycling, community respiration and organic matter decomposition). Hence in Chapter 6, effects on organic matter breakdown of chlorpyrifos doses relevant to normal agricultural practice were investigated, linking the observed effects to earthworm and termite abundance in the field. Chapter 7 gives a general discussion of the results (Chapters 2-6) of this thesis, focusing again on the special challenges facing tropical ecotoxicology of soil ecosystems. 18
20 Chapter 2 Influence of Temperature and Soil Type on the Toxicity of Three Pesticides to Eisenia andrei P. Mangala C. S. De Silva, Asoka Pathiratne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Chemosphere 76 (2009)
21 Chapter 2 Abstract Expansion of agriculture in the tropics has increased the use of pesticides that may affect the soil ecosystems. Few studies so far determined the effects of pesticides in the tropics and tropical risk assessment therefore often relies on data from temperate conditions. Hence the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and carbendazim to the earthworm Eisenia andrei was compared at two different temperatures reflecting temperate and tropical conditions. The toxicity of the three pesticides in both conditions decreased in the order carbendazim > carbofuran > chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos and carbofuran, but not for carbendazim, survival was more sensitive at the higher temperature, probably due to increased earthworm activity. Sub-lethal effects (reproduction and growth) however, varied inconsistently with temperature and soil types. We conclude that toxicity of pesticides in tropics may not be predicted from data generated under temperate conditions, even within the same species. Key words: Earthworms, Chlorpyrifos, Carbofuran, Carbendazim, Tropical and temperate conditions, Sri Lanka. 20
22 Influence of temperature and soil type on the toxicity of three pesticides Introduction The ever-growing human population, which is expected to be 9.1 billion by 2050 (UN, 2005) places high demands on agricultural production, especially in tropical regions. Increasing agricultural production in these regions relies heavily on pesticide use as shown by the growth of the pesticide market (Matson et al., 1997; Ecobichon, 2001). The world agrochemical use has shown a continuous growth with an increase of 4.7 % in annual sales from 2002 to Tropical regions in Latin America, Asia and Africa have recorded a dramatic growth of pesticide use over the last few years. Also in Sri Lanka annual imports of pesticides have shown a steady increase over the years. The amount of imported technical grade materials has increased from metric tons (MT) in 2001 to MT in This trend is also more obvious when considering the amount of imported pesticide formulations that increased from MT in 2001 to MT in 2005 (Unpublished data, Pesticide Registrar s office, Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka). Increased use of pesticides may affect non-target organisms in soil and water and can cause serious damage to ecosystems (see e.g. Reinecke and Reinecke, 2007). Information on the side effects of pesticides in the tropics is scarce or lacking (Van den Brink et al., 2003), and environmental effects often are totally ignored. Lacher and Goldstein (1997) reported that most of the studies on pesticide toxicity in tropical areas are dealing with water quality and aquatic toxicology, with only little data available on effects in soil. Due to the different environmental conditions, like higher temperature and humidity, fate and transport of the pesticides (Bourdeau et al., 1989) and route of exposure and toxicity may be quite different under tropical conditions (Viswanathan and Krishnamurti, 1989; Laabs et al., 2002). A risk assessment based on temperate data could therefore be less appropriate for tropical conditions. Soil invertebrates play an important role in decomposition and nutrient cycling processes that are very important for sustaining a healthy and productive soil. For that reason, it is important to properly assess pesticide risks to the soil community, and such an assessment should be part of a system of sustainable agriculture. Although for pesticide registration internationally accepted protocols should be used to determine fate and effects in tropical soils, the few studies available (e.g. Senapati et al., 1991; Verma and Pillai, 1991; Rao and Kavitha, 2004) used non-standardized methods. Only recent studies (Helling et al., 2000; Römbke et al., 2007; Garcia et al., 2008) applied standardized protocols to determine pesticide effects to soil invertebrates under tropical conditions. But these standardized protocols have been developed mainly for the assessment of chemical toxicity under temperate conditions. The toxicity tests currently described by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and 21
23 Chapter 2 Development (OECD) and the International Standardization Organization (ISO) for soil invertebrates, for example, all employ an ambient temperature of 20 C, while under tropical conditions temperatures of 25->30 C prevail. Earthworms are major components of the soil ecosystem. They play a major role in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil structuring, which is vital for the existence of healthy soil (Edwards, 1998) and their presence therefore is beneficial especially in agro-ecosystems. The presence of earthworms in a wide range of soils and their high contribution to the soil biomass also makes them suitable to determine the effects of soil pollutants such as pesticides. Edwards and Bohlen (1993) reported that earthworms are susceptible to pesticides and therefore may act as model organisms in evaluating the effects of pesticides. The aim of this study was to compare the toxicity of pesticides to earthworms at two different temperatures, indicative of tropical and temperate conditions. We therefore determined the effects of chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and carbendazim, three frequently used pesticides, using the artificial soil described in the standardized test guidelines developed by OECD (1984) and ISO (1998). Tests were conducted in The Netherlands (temperate) and in Sri Lanka (tropical); in addition to the standard artificial soil a local natural soil was included. Materials and Methods Test species Eisenia andrei (Lumbricidae) was selected as the test species. The animals were taken from a synchronized culture at the VU University in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, where experiments were carried out at 20 C, simulating temperate conditions, as prescribed in the OECD test protocol. The worm cultures were maintained at 20 ± 2 C in complete darkness in plastic boxes with 50 % potting soil and 50 % peat moss, which was moistened to 50 % of the maximum water holding capacity (WHC max ), and horse manure was used as the food source. The tropical cultures were maintained at the Department of Zoology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka at 26 ± 2 C. The culture substrate under tropical conditions was a mixture of finely ground cow manure (30 %) and composted coco peat (70 %) with fresh cow manure as the food. Adult worms ( mg wet weight) with well-developed clitellum were selected for the toxicity tests. The selected worms were separated from the culture substrates 24 hours before the experiment and transferred to test substrates for acclimatization. 22
24 Influence of temperature and soil type on the toxicity of three pesticides Test substrates The standard artificial soil (AS) developed by OECD (1984) was used as the common substrate for the experiments. AS was prepared by mixing 70 % quartz sand, 20 % kaolin clay and 10% finely ground sphagnum peat (< 1 mm). By adding CaCO 3, the ph (0.01 M CaCl 2 ) of the AS was adjusted to approx In addition, two natural soils were selected: LUFA 2.2 (Rhineland-Palatine, Germany), classified as loamy sand with a ph of , % organic matter and a WHC max of 50 %, was selected as the temperate natural soil. This soil is commonly used in toxicity tests with soil invertebrates (Løkke and van Gestel, 1998). Due to its unavailability in the tropics, a natural soil defined as sandy clay loam was collected from a site near Dickwella, Matara, Sri Lanka. The Dickwella soil was selected because it usually has high earthworm population densities. The uppermost soil layer (20 cm) was taken, sieved (5 mm) and air-dried at 26 ± 2 C. The soil had a ph (0.01M CaCl 2 ) of 6.2, 9 % organic matter and a WHC max of 45 %. Test chemicals Chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) is an organophosphate insecticide, carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7- benzofuranyl-n-methylcarbamate) a carbamate insecticide/ nematicide, and carbendazim (methyl N-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl) carbamate) is a fungicide. Chlorpyrifos (98%, Cheminova Ltd, Denmark) and carbofuran (97%, Sigma Aldrich) were tested as pure compounds, while carbendazim was tested as the formulation Derosal (AgrEvo, 360 g l -1 ). Experimental procedure The toxicity tests were based on the guidelines first published by ISO (1998b) and later adopted by OECD (2004a). The first series of experiments were performed using AS and LUFA 2.2 soil as substrates under temperate conditions (20 ± 2 C), the second series with AS and Dickwella natural soil under tropical conditions (26 ± 2 C). Based on the results of range-finding tests, concentrations series of chlorpyrifos (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 and 900 mg a.i. kg -1 dry soil) and carbofuran (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg a.i. kg -1 dry soil) were selected to enable assessment of full dose-response relationships. The reference chemical carbendazim was tested at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30 and 90 mg a.i. kg -1 dry soil. All tests included controls and solvent controls without pesticide treatment. The pure pesticides were mixed in with the AS and natural soils using acetone ( 99.5% (Sigma-Aldrich). After mixing in, the soil was left overnight to allow for the acetone to evaporate. Solvent controls received 23
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text:
Home › M0043 RUB-HER Shiner / Easy Dresser / Lubricant 3 in 1.
Card Transactions.
We do not store any of our customers credit card details.
All card transactions are made via a secure third party, they are not downloaded or transferred by any means. This is in strict accordance with UK Banking law.
All payment details are processed through third parties accredited banking mechanisms. We do not have sight of your personal card details when you place an order directly through our website.
For information on our delivery and returns please visit our Delivery & Returns page.
It does exactly what it says on the bottle.The only downside is the bottle isn't big enough.
Fantastic product, been buying it for years,has multiple uses,It NEVER gets sticky which makes it a winner in my eyes ,I always like to keep an extra bottle to make sure I never run out.only downside is that the bottle can become a bit slippery.Delivered very quickly overall definately a 10/10 from me .i would definately reccomend you will not regret it.
Rubberotic Latex Polishing Liquid.
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text:
OHSAA football releases pairings | 2010 OHSAA football Tournaments
OHSAA football releases pairings:
The Ohio High School Athletic Association released its first-round pairings for the upcoming football playoffs Sunday, and three of four area qualifiers will be at home.
On Friday, Heath (9-1), the No. 2 seed in Division IV, Region 15, will host Albany Alexander (8-2) at 7:30 p.m. at Swank Field. The Bulldogs are hosting a first-round game for the second straight year and making their third postseason trip in program history.
Newark Catholic, the No. 3 seed in Division VI, Region 23, also begins play at 7:30 p.m. on Friday. The Green Wave (7-3) will host Fairfield Christian Academy (9-0) at White Field. NC is making its first postseason appearance since winning the 2007 state championship.
On Saturday, Sheridan (10-0), the No. 3 seed in Division III, Region 11, will host Salem (8-2) at 7 p.m. The Generals wrapped up their second undefeated regular season in three years on Friday. Salem beat Granville in the first round last year.
Also in Region 11, Licking Valley, the No. 5 seed, visits East Liverpool (8-2) at 7 p.m. Saturday. The Panthers (8-2) are riding an eight-game winning streak and return to the postseason after missing it in 2009.
TOp Searches: OHSAA football releases pairings , 2010 OHSAA football Tournaments, OHSAA, OHSAA football, OHSAA football 2010


text:
We took a family road trip over the weekend to visit Sea World and we had a blast!
Thinking about our trip, I realized that not once did we have to worry about accessibility. We were able to easily navigate the entire park without a single set back. The weather was a teeny tiny bit cool, but otherwise perfect.
One of the great things about Sea World is that they have an entire area completely dedicated to busying little ones. It is perfect for expending the energy of a little girl so she could sit semi-nicely while watching the Elmo 4-D show.
She loved it!
Christian really enjoyed himself, too. How could we tell? Well, he hardly made a whine, cry, or contesting peep the entire day! And he didn't take his regularly scheduled nap! There was just too much to take in and he was quite content in just hanging out and taking everything in.
Lola got to meet her buddies Elmo and Telly from Sesame Street. She was unsure at first, but quickly warmed up when Elmo tickled her under her chin.
My big kid enjoyed himself, too. Of course, in the coolest, most nonchalant way possible.
We got to enjoy these gorgeous creatures up close...
...and these very scary creatures.
I don't care how old you are, the Shamu show takes the cake, seriously. It's amazing. It's just as amazing as it was when I was eight years old.
Num num num.
My favorite part is when Shamu poses on his platform and everyone stands up and takes a picture in simultaneous amazement.
While watching the show, I was thinking about how I was so excited to bring my kids to Sea World. It's kind of a gift for them but it's really a gift to me. The experience of seeing my kids watching Shamu for the first time is this moment I want to bottle up and keep forever. Having kids and creating memories is the. best. ever. They make things so much more fun!
Sea World is really a great place for kids with special needs. It's very accessible, it's really relaxed and we didn't feel a rush to do anything in particular than just be in the moment. There is a ton of sensory exploration, but it's serene and calm so there's no overload.
So much to see!


text:
The above graph displays service status activity for Weather.gov over the last 10 automatic checks. The blue bar displays the response time, which is better when smaller. If no bar is displayed for a specific time it means that the service was down and the site was offline.
Service Status History
|Ping Time
|Ping Time
|0.94 ms.
|1.47 ms.
|0.97 ms.
|1.21 ms.
|1000.79 ms.
|0.83 ms.
|2.25 ms.
|7.73 ms.
|17.65 ms.
|7.96 ms.
* Times displayed are PT, Pacific Time (UTC/GMT 0) | Current server time is 12:54
We have tried pinging NOAA National Weather Service website using our server and the website returned the above results. If weather.gov is down for us too there is nothing you can do except waiting. Probably the server is overloaded, down or unreachable because of a network problem, outage or a website maintenance is in progress...
If the site is UP but you cant access the page, try one of the below solutions:
Browser Related Problems
Force a full refresh for the site. This can be achieved by pressing CTRL + F5 keys at the same time on your favourite browser (Firefox, Chrome, Explorer, etc.)
Clear the temporary cache and cookies on your browser to make sure that you have the most recent version of the web page. For instructions choose your browser :
Fix DNS Problems
A Domain Name System (DNS) allows a site IP address (192.168.x.x) to be identified with words (*.com) in order to be remembered more easily, like a phonebook for websites. This service is usually provided by your ISP.
Clear your local DNS cache to make sure that you grab the most recent cache that your ISP has. For Windows - (Start > Command Prompt > type "ipconfig /flushdns" and hit enter). For details choose your operating system :
If you can access a website at office or from a 3G network yet it's not working on your computer, it is a good idea to use an alternative DNS service other than your ISPs. OpenDNS or Google Public DNS are both excellent and free public DNS services.
Check our help page for step-by-step instructions on how to change your DNS.
Nws site lists the current temperature as "NA" This has been the case for about the last few weeks. My location is Silver Spring , MD. I use Safari
One of the regions (TOP) is down. Maintenance
It tells me the page is un-viewable or just comes back as like I typed in the wrong address. For those wondering I did check and typed it in right.
For two days I have not been able to view weather forecast. When I go to noaa.gov, the main page is viewable but when I enter a location it says the page can not be displayed. Has been this way for two days. Location is 07062
Down right now for me too, but it does work on my iPhone (Verizon LTE)
weather.gov is definitely down for me in Houston.
Works with Verizon hot spot but not with Comcast cable. Changed one computer to OpenDNS DNS server and it now works from that computer.
I'm afraid I still cannot access weather.gov right now because it says "Oops! Google Chrome could not find weather.gov"
down for me for about two days now
Thanks Jeff De Liberto--I've been trying for 2 days to check the weather with 2 different browsers, and this finally worked! Much appreciate your infor.
There seems to be a DNS problem with the domain weather.gov. I am unable to resolve hosts in that domain using a few different DNS servers.
Can not access it Memphis all morning.
weather.gov is DOWN 5/9/14 12:30 PM
For the past two days, Google browser kept showing the weather.gov site as being "not found". I came here to find out if the website was down, and to my amazement it wasn't down. So I read Kevin Carmody's comment about changing the DNS... found the instructions... and YES! I can now view weather.gov with no problems! Thanks!
Rodney is right; I'm having the same issue yet access via my smart phone is possible. I am able to access backup server via the old portal at www.srh.noaa.gov/data but anything via weather.gov is down as of this typing.
Google Public DNS is currently blocking Weather.gov . If I turn off my wifi on my phone and use mobile data from Verizon, if have no issues. But, I have no idea why Google would want to block it.
Is it normal to have these plumes from coal plants break up storms like this? And why are the plumes only primarily on the east coast? And how often does this publically funded weather service go down during sever weather outages? Right as the storms got to the east coast plumes... site goes down.
It's down for me in Mendocino County in Northwestern California, I'm on Comcast HSI.
Access to weather.gov is unavailable to ATT DNS and Google DNS users. However as stated by Jeff De Liberto, OpenDNS users will not have any issues the site at this time.
Sorry, Jeff, but the OpenDNS servers also appear to be unable to resolve the weather.gov hostnames. Both
$ host forecast.weather.gov. 188.8.131.52
$ host forecast.weather.gov. 188.8.131.52
result in a servfail (i.e., "host not found") failure. I suspect it seems to be working for you only due to TTL caching and if you reboot your system you'll find those hostnames fail to resolve. Note that the dig(1) command also fails so this isn't some quirk of the host(1) command on my system.
Google dns is definitely not resolving weather.gov. I'm on FIOS but I haven't tried their DNS servers yet. I can confirm however that Open DNS is working and properly resolving weather.gov. Not sure who else is affectd.
22.214.171.124 and 184.108.40.206 are from Open DNS if anyone wants to use them.
Down here (Illinois)
This appears to be a DNS issue. Using my ISP DNS and Google's DNS resolvers the hostnames fail to resolve to an IP address. For example,
$ host forecast.weather.gov. 220.127.116.11
Using domain server:
Name: 188.8.131.52
Address: 188.8.131.52#53
Host forecast.weather.gov not found: 2(SERVFAIL)
The first failure my app reported was at 18:46 PST but as I only poll every hour plus caching means it could have been unresolvable for several hours before I noticed it.
Edit: This problem happened ~1 month ago: mashable.com/2014/04/03/weather-service-websites-down/
St. Louis area in Missouri, is NOAA down 11/17/13
Still down for me.
I am able to reach it.
I work at a newspaper - Since beginning of April (a cruel April Fools joke?) I have not been able to access any bookmark I use (I have 5 of them on my favorites), nor can I directly type in any weather.gov site of any kind (I can access some info from Army Corps of Engineers for river stages and I use other weather websites to gain access to info I need but I must call La Crosse for rainfall amounts twice a week).
I also was unable to reach weather.gov since about the beginning of April 2003. But I followed the "How to change your DNS" link on this page, changed my DNS, and now I can access weather.gov again.
I haven't been able to access it for days and I also have a satellite ISP.
Down in Ohio now for several days now.
It's not working for me, either and I have a satellite ISP as well.
Have been unable to access the website for days. Satellite ISP. iMac OS X Snow Leopard. Chrome, Safari & Firefox browsers
I live in So Cal also and it is down.
weather.gov | weather.noaa.gov unreachable for three (3) days here in southern CO, confirmed with other users in area, same issue. Guess we can blame this on the "Sequester" too huh?
Cannot access website in Chrome or Explorer.
Submit a comment using your Facebook ID.
Is Weather.gov down for you right now? Submit your comments about Weather.gov service status or report an issue below to let others know that they aren't the only ones having trouble. Please note that your country, service provider and browser information will be displayed next to your comment to better analyze a possible outage.


text: I worked on this for image manipulation class. Vernal means spring and that was our topic for our journal of the week. I wanted to turn something that people don't technically look at as beautiful instead just an unwanted weed. I put a lot of myself into this because I can relate to this so called "weed". I wanted to bring its vibrant colors out and add some depth so I toyed around with the burn tool, smudge tool and a few other things. Hope you like it.