text:
If your children use a computer that has Internet access, you must take the appropriate steps to ensure that pornographic content Unfortunate Truths about Child Pornography and the Internet [Feature] Unfortunate Truths about Child Pornography and the Internet [Feature] A small blank square and a blinking cursor. A window through which the entire world exists. You only have to say the right word – any word – and your every desire will be delivered.... Read More is blocked on their computers. Here to help you do this easily is an excellent desktop app called DNS Angel.
DNS Angel is a free to use application for computers running Windows. The function of this app is to provide you and your children with a secure and porn-free browsing experience. It can be very disturbing for little children to come across adult content online by accident; this app helps prevents such things from happening.
The app comes in an archive that is sized at nearly 0.5 MB. You simply need to extract the archive and run the contained EXE file – installation is not required. Once you open the application, you find four DNS server options. These options include two from Norton, one from MetaCert, and one from the Open DNS Family. Choosing either option will change your DNS server without requiring you to do anything manually.
From here onwards, any pornographic links will be redirected to a page indicating that the website is not allowed. To restore the DNS settings you should use the Restore button through which your settings prior to the application's action will be returned. The 'Default DNS' button did not seem to restore the DNS back to its original value.
One of the best things about this application is that the DNS values are changed without requiring you to flush the DNS.
- A user friendly desktop application.
- Compatible with Windows computers.
- Provides you with secure DNS servers that block pornographic content.
- An essential tool for computers used by children.
- Similar tools: FindHisPorn and FamilyShield.
Check out DNS Angel @ www.sordum.org/7915/dns-angel-v1-1
Leave a Reply
I suppose only kids using Windows computers are worthy of being protected from the scourge of pornography. In the minds of many anything but Windows is an obscenity and the kids using Linux or O/S X-based computers deserve what they get; they are doomed to perdition anyway.


text:
When I test the account i get the following error.
Test Failed: ConnectServer OLE error code:80010001 in SWbemLocator Call was rejected by callee. HRESULT error code:0x80020009 Exception occurred.
I saw a similar error on the Spicework site and the Tech ask them to run the following Command
wmic /user:****** /password:**** /node:****** systemenclosure get serialnumber
I get the error
Code = 0x80010001
Description = Call was rejected by callee.
Facility = RPC
3 Replies
Oct 3, 2007 at 4:00 UTC
This may be a DCOM problem. Try the following
1. Click Start and then select Run
2. Enter the dcomcnfg.exe in the Open: dialog box and click OK
3. Expand Component Services > Computers, right click My Computer and select Properties
4. Select the Default Properties tab: Check the box next to Enable Distributed COM on this computer, set the Default Authentication Level: to Connect, set the Default Impersonation Level: to Identify
5. Select the COM Security tab: under Launch and Activation Permissions, click the Edit Default... button
6. Select Administrators, make sure that Local Launch, Remote Launch, Local Activation, and Remote Activation are Checked under the Allow column and then click OK
7. Under Launch and Activation Permissions, click the Edit Limits... button
8. Select Administrators, make sure that Local Launch, Remote Launch, Local Activation, and Remote Activation are Checked under the Allow column and then click OK
9. Click OK again and Close Component Services
Your DCOM settings are now set to the defaults.
Also be sure that you don't have any Firewall or AV blocking
Post back your findings
Oct 3, 2007 at 4:14 UTC
After I set the Dcom default properties I also had to stop and start both the WMI and Exchange management services.
It is working now.
Oct 3, 2007 at 4:23 UTC
Glad to hear it! Thanks for posting back :-)
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hex Key Set, Pieces 7, M3
EKLIND| Zoro #: G0408064| Mfr #: 25171
Zoro #: G0408064Mfr. Part #: 25171
$4.64 /ea
Orders over $50.00 ship free. DetailsStandard ground shipping
Technical Specifications
|Zoro #: G0408064 Mfr #: 25171
|Finish: Black Oxide
|Tether Capable: Standard Tool (Accessory Needed for Tethering)
|Blade Material: Alloy steel
|Meets/Exceeds: ANSI B18.3, Federal Specification GGG-K-275D
|Sizes Included: 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6mm
|Size Code: M3
|Measurement Type: Metric
|Arm Length: 1.80 to 3.30"
|Arm Type: Short
|Handle Material: plastic
|Number of Pieces: 7
|Item: Hex Key Set
|Handle Type: Fold-Up Ergonomic
|Country of Origin (subject to change): United States
Product Description
Hex Key Set, Measurement Type Metric, Handle Type Fold-Up Ergonomic, Arm Type Short, Blade Material Alloy Steel, Finish Black Oxide, Number of Pieces 7, Arm Length 1.80 to 3.30 In., Sizes Included 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6mm, Standard Tool (Accessory Needed for Tethering), Handle Material Plastic, Meets/Exceeds ANSI B18.3, Federal Specification GGG-K-275D, Size Code M3


text:
Get an overview of this hotel3-star hotel, walk to Bushnell Park
Popular property highlights
Situated in Hartford, this hotel is within a 10-minute walk of Theater Works and Bushnell Park. Mark Twain House and Trinity College are also within 3 mi (5 km).
Hotel Features
A fitness center, a 24-hour business center, and self parking are available at this hotel. Free buffet breakfast is provided, as well as free WiFi in public areas, a free area shuttle, and a free manager's reception. Additionally, coffee/tea in a common area, meeting rooms, and dry cleaning are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 116 rooms feature kitchens with refrigerators and microwaves, plus free WiFi and sitting areas. Guests will also find TVs, premium bedding, and coffee makers.
Guest Highlights
- Central location
- Helpful staff
- Clean guestrooms
Homewood Suites by Hilton Hartford Downtown
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Wireless Internet access is complimentary. Business-related amenities at this 3-star property consist of a 24-hour business center and meeting rooms. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning as well as a complimentary manager's reception on select days. Event facilities measure 665 square feet (60 square meters). This business-friendly hotel also offers a fitness center, multilingual staff, and coffee/tea in a common area. Parking is available onsite for a surcharge.
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 116
- ATM/banking
- Number of floors - 10
- Coffee/tea in common areas
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Free breakfast
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Express check-out
- Fitness facilities
- Free WiFi
- Laundry facilities
- Meeting rooms 2
- Multilingual staff
- Luggage storage
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Free area shuttle
- 24-hour business center
- Conference space size (feet) - 665
- Conference space size (meters) - 60
- Number of meeting rooms - 3
- Free reception
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchen
- Area shuttle (complimentary)
- Laundry facilities
- Full-sized refrigerator/freezer
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Premium TV channels
- Pay movies
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Premium bedding
- Separate sitting area
- Free newspaper
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Kitchen
- Coffee/tea maker
- Microwave
- Daily housekeeping
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Television
- Desk
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Free WiFi
- Full-sized refrigerator/freezer
- Free toiletries
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary hot/cold buffet breakfast each morning. A complimentary manager's reception is offered on select days.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include a fitness center.
If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Check-in time ends at 7 AM
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are not available.
- Cribs (infant beds) are not available.
- Pets allowed for an extra charge of USD 75.00 per pet, per stay
- Up to 50 lb
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
Optional extras
- Self parking fee: USD 16 per day
- Pet fee: USD 75.00 per pet, per stay
Hotel Name
- Hilton Hartford Downtown
- Homewood Suites Hartford Downtown
- Homewood Suites Hilton Hartford Downtown
- Homewood Suites Hilton Hotel Hartford Downtown
- Hartford Homewood Suites
- Homewood Hartford
- Homewood Suites Hartford Downtown Hotel Hartford


text:
Notre Dame will have time to prepare for either Jacory Harris or Stephen Morris as the starting quarterback for Miami (Fla.) in the Sun Bowl.
Hurricanes interim coach Jeff Stoutland said an annoucement would come just after Christmas around the time the team arrives in El Paso before the Dec. 31 game.
Stoutland was quoted by the Miami Herald that the decision would come "as close as we get to being out there, or just when we get out there. I want the guy to settle in and be able to run things.''
Harris entered the season touted as one of the top quarterbacks in the ACC. But inconsistency plagued him before being sidelined for three games due to a concussion suffered in a loss to Virginia. He relieved Morris in a season-ending loss to South Florida.
Morris was expected to be redshirted in his first season, but the freshman was pressed into service after Harris went down and performed admirably, throwing for 958 yards and five touchdowns. However, he had eight interceptions as Miami split the four games he started.
Stoutland says the competition is ongoing and is unwilling to tip his hand.
"I knew the minute they appointed me that this was going to be a big decision,'' said Stoutland, who learned Sunday he will be retained on the staff by new UM coach Al Golden. "Every day I sit and watch those guys closely. And it's amazing, because every day it's like back and forth, back and forth, back and forth. So, at the end of each day I say to myself, `Who's ahead right now?'
"Obviously, I'm not going to answer that.''
-- Erick Smith
Follow Erick on Twitter at @erick_smith
First-place votes in parentheses.
Football coaches' poll
Sign up for Campus Rivalry e-mail alerts


text:
Without a doubt, one of the preachers I most look up to and learn from is Josh Moody of College Church in Wheaton, Illinois. Josh is a humble man with an outsize résumé–BA from Cambridge, PhD from Cambridge (in none other than Jonathan Edwards), missionary to Georgia (the country, not the Dawgs) and Azerbaijan, husband [Read More…]
Great Books: Josh Moody's "No Other Gospel"
Michael Horton, Darryl Hart on "Church Parents," and the Death of Private Practice
If you haven't read recent texts by Westminster West professor Michael Horton, you should. He's a cultural critic of evangelicalism and has much good to say. Here are some videos to check out. ************** While we're on the subject of cultural critics of evangelicalism, we visit historian Darryl Hart's blog for a provocative piece. I [Read More…]
Band of Bloggers at Together for the Gospel
Have you heard about the upcoming Band of Bloggers event at Together for the Gospel in just under a month's time? Timmy Brister, the event's planner, recently announced it. Here's the essential information: The theme for this year's meeting is "Internet Idolatry and Gospel Fidelity." With the advent of new media and the increasing influence [Read More…]
The Week-est Link, May 9, 2008: The Dark Knight, a Theology of Rap, and More
1. Westminster professor Bill Edgar gave a lecture on the theology of rap music a few years back. My friend Andy Naselli tipped me to the lecture, and I think that you will find it positively engrossing and illuminating. Dr. Edgar, simply put, is one of the neatest theologians out there–he tackles topics that other [Read More…]
The Week-est Link, April 25, 2008: Craig Blomberg, T4G Videos, Doing Hard Things
1. The Henry Center of TEDS in Deerfield, IL recently hosted a great lecture by eminent New Testament scholar Craig Blomberg of Denver Seminary. Click here to go the Center's website and click on the links under "Recent Media" to hear the talk and also an insightful interview with Dr. Blomberg on the topic of [Read More…]
A Sweet Work of God's Spirit: A Reflective Review of Collin Hansen's New Book Young, Restless, Reformed
One of the more shocking developments in the evangelical bubble the last few years was the sudden appearance of a number of very thoughtful journalistic pieces on the reformed movement and its figures in the mainstream evangelical magazine Christianity Today. CT, as it is known in the evangelical world, is well-known for its international focus, [Read More…]
Dispatches from T4G: Day Three–Sacrifice and Sayonara
Today's very quick thoughts: 1. One of the hardest things about T4G is the fact that many friends from the past are around. We're talking the type who you never see. This makes it really hard to know what to do in organizing one's schedule. Do you listen to the speaker who's got great things [Read More…]
Dispatches from T4G: Day Two–Cupcakes and Curses
Quick thoughts from another very long and very rich day. 1. The opportunity to connect with fellow like-minded Christians is simply breathtaking at a conference of the magnitude of T4G. If you have not attended a conference of this sort, I would encourage you to do so in the future. In the past few days, [Read More…]
Dispatches from T4G: Day One–Band of Bloggers and Our Own Pastor-Comedian
I'm writing this at an extremely advanced hour and am nearing my crash point. However, the T4G conference has been so encouraging, so moving, that it's hard not to be energized in body by the refreshment of spirit I've received. There's much to say, but I'll just give you a numbered list of interesting moments [Read More…]


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I can't get Spiceworks to display any XP SP2 workstations unless I turn off windows firewall on those machines. Whenever I run a scan I only see the handfull of windows 2000 workstations.
4 Replies
Apr 11, 2007 at 1:55 UTC
Many discussions on this topic inherent with Win XP.
Please review this Help article.
Apr 11, 2007 at 1:56 UTC
For your XP SP2 issue, try the suggestion under WIndows Firewall from the Spiceworks help page at http:/
As far as your Windows 2000 workstations, are they under a different network? Are they off at the time of the scan? Can you ping a 2000 machine that is not showing up on a scan? Try adding the IP address to Settings > Network, skip the other lines so that only the one IP address will be scanned and see if that works.
Apr 11, 2007 at 4:14 UTC
I have no problems with the Windows 2000 machines. Spiceworks is able to communicate with them. I've tried the Windows firewall fix described in the article. However, I am still unable to see any XP machines that are running windows firewall.
Apr 11, 2007 at 6:15 UTC
Can you isolate why your 2000 machines are being recognized and not your XP SP2 boxes?
If you've performed the c:> netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable command were your results OK?
Besides the Windows Firewall, please check your Anti-Virus software definitions/Firewall settings and insure nothing is blocking WMI requests to those remote machines.
After that run the WMI Diagnosis Utility on those machines: http:/
This will reveal if WMI is configured properly on those machines.
Additionally confirm that DCOM is configured properly :
Start > Run type> dcomcnfg.exe
This will take you to the Console:
Component Services> click Computers > right click My Computer > Properties > Default Properties need to be set to "Enable Distributed COM on this Computer" and the Default Authentication Level: (Connect)Default Impersonation Level: (Identify).
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


text:
Authors use different techniques to convince their readers that they are correct. Three of these techniques or strategies are called ...
and LOGOS
When authors use pathos they are trying to appeal to your emotions or passions.
When an author uses Logos they are trying to present a logical argument to make you believe them.
When an author uses ethos they are using someone's credibility or expertise to convince you that they are right.
The P in pathos is for PASSION! because that is what the author is trying to make you feel
The E in ethos is for EXPERTISE because the author uses a person's expertise to convince you.
The L in logos is for the logical argument the author is trying to make because they want you to understand the facts.
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Get 10% off all titles + free UK p&p. Offer applied at checkout
Rula Jebreal
Heartbreaking novel dissecting the Palestinian conflictbased on a true story; film adaptation starring Freida Pinto and directed by Julian Schnabel to debut at Venice Film Festival
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A cry for peace... Miral is a moving portrayal of life in Israel for Palestinian women?
Wears its heart on its sleeve
A film that is both moving and deeply poignant. The fact that's it's all told through the eyes of a woman gives it a human edge which is both unsettling and hugely fascinating.
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Kala and Keira, were scheduled to be euthanized this past Monday. Their deadline for adoption was almost up, and the Georgia kill shelter, Angels Among Us Pet rescue, they were housed in simply didn't have the space to keep them.
But a photo taken of the two at the last minute, and uploaded onto social media, saved this pair from an early demise.
PLEASE NOTE: THESE PUPS ARE SAFE AND IN ANGELS' CARE BUT ARE IN A FOSTER HOME. THEY HAVE NOT BEEN ADOPTED. TO ADOPT KALA...Posted by Angels Among Us Pet Rescue on Monday, July 20, 2015
The image depicts Keira embracing Nala, and is heartrending enough without the caption that accompanies it, written in Kala's imagined voice:
"Keira knows what will happen. You can see it in her eyes. She's putting on a brave face for sure but I can feel her heart beating fast while I'm clinging to her. If no one saves us, someone will take her away from me. I'll see her as she goes down the hallway. She won't come back and I'll cry. They'll come for me next and I won't be as brave. We've comforted each other while we were here. She gave me hope when I had none. Now it's over. Unless... "
Whether or not the pooches knew what end was coming for them, the denizens of the internet could not ignore the poignant truth. The post was liked and shared hundreds of thousands of times.
THEY ARE SAFE!!! There are no words to tell you how happy we are that these two best friends are safe and together! ...Posted by Angels Among Us Pet Rescue on Monday, July 20, 2015
Just two hours and six minutes after the photo was posted, Kala and Keira had been adopted. The Internet breathed a collective sigh of relief.
Recommended: Homeless No More! Dog That Lived At No-Kill Shelter For 3 Years Finally Adopted
But for how long? The reality is this: 7.6 million animals enter shelters each year. 2.7 million are adopted, but almost as many end up euthanized.
It's not for a lack of love or kindness on the animal shelters' parts—after all, these are the people who've dedicated their lives to facing the issue head-on. Kill shelters often get a bad name, but they're just struggling desperately to prevent overcrowding, so that the animals that aren't euthanized get a half decent life.
Recommended: This Couple Rescued An Adorable Special Needs Bulldog From Certain Death
We should put out sanctimoniousness aside and take the issue into our own hands. The solution could be simple, but it requires sustained commitment from each one of us.
—But don't adopt if you're not prepared to make a lifetime commitment.
—Get your animals spayed or neutered.
—Donate your time and money to your local animal shelter.
Read more: Look At These Puppies' Before And After Adoption Pictures


text:
Laura Siegel Multi-Clamp Print Silk Sleeveless Maxi Dress
Laura Siegel Multi-Clamp Print Silk Sleeveless Maxi Dress
DETAILS: This multi-clamp maxi dress features a loose, relaxed shape which creates a feminine flair. Wear it on its own or pair it with an oversized sweater for the ultimate Fall look. THINGS TO KNOW: | Care: Dry clean only | Handcrafted in Kutch, India
Laura Siegel
Laura Siegel brings a truly global touch to women's contemporary fashion. Settling in New York after studying at Parsons and Central Saint Martins, the award-winning designer creates textural pieces that are nothing short of stunning through collaborations with artisans from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. She works to sustain traditional crafts and cultures through the production of her line and recently released a documentary discussing the topic of clothing transparency - watch the trailer at vogue.com - http://video.vogue.com/watch/traceable-documentary-laura-siegel-earth-week.
Do you have questions about this product? We're here to help!


text:
Built in 1900 and renovated in the year 2000, this 7-storey deluxe hotel comprises a total of 77 rooms and 5 suites. Fully air conditioned, the hotel lies along a main road and features a 24-hour reception desk, a safe, a currency exchange facility and a lift. A Internet terminal (WLAN) with charge as well as a conference room may be taken advantage of and there is a public garage located in the vicinity for those arriving at the hotel by car (additional fees apply).
This stylish hotel enjoys an exclusive location in one of Paris' hippest arrondissement, close to the Madeleine, the opera house and Place Vend�me. Situated in the surrounding area are countless shopping and entertainment venues, bars and restaurants. Transfer to Paris' Orly and Charles de Gaulle airports takes about 30 minutes.
The comfortable rooms each come with a bathroom with a shower, a hairdryer, a direct dial telephone, satellite/ cable TV, a radio, Internet access, a minibar/ fridge, a double or king-sized bed, carpeting, individually controllable air conditioning and heating as well as a hire safe.
Guests may select their breakfast from an ample buffet.
It is possible to pay by American Express, Diners Club, JCB, MasterCard and VISA.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
Internet access
Double bed
King size bed
Individual airconditioned
Individual heating


text:
Fully-insured shipping: $15.95
The Benro AD71FK5 Twin Leg Video Tripod Kit is ideal for the latest generation of compact digital video cameras, HDSLR's and still cameras with long lenses that can benefit from the smooth movement and dampening characteristics of what have traditionally been video-exclusive tripod and head designs. This unique combination of the Benro Dual Stage AD71F tripod, fluid motion K5 head and heavy duty tripod bag with strap is an exceptional value.
60mm Bowl
Assure alignment for accurate camera placement and movements.
Head Mounted Bubble Level
Allows adjustment to prevent uneven pans.
Retractable Rubber Feet
Rubber feet retract to expose steel spikes to insure your tripod sits solid on almost any terrain.
Quick Lock Levers on a Dual Stage Leg System
For convenient, rapid and solid height adjustments.
QR Plate System with Safety Lock
Accommodates most brands of RC5 compatible QR plates.
Pan Drag/Lock Lever
Adjusts tension and locks head on 360 degree pan movement.
Interchangeable Pan Arm
Fits on both left and right of head for convenient user control.
Includes QR Plate
The Benro AD71FK5 comes with a removable QR plate with sliding adjustment for better camera balance.
Integral Mid-Level Spreader
Built-in extra stability.
Tilt Drag/Lock Lever
Set tension control and lock of full front to rear tilt axis.
Heavy Duty Case and Strap
Included with the Benro AD71FK5 for handy transport and protection of the tripod and head.
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|Quick Release Plate
|Slide-in video (QR11) 1/4-20 & 3/8


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text:
Compare at: $70.00 Our Price: $44.95 Save up to $25.05Size Guide
our part num: B-5661320301
I don't know of a little skier who wouldn't love to wear the uvex Airwing 2 Pro Youth Ski Helmet. The color options are kid-friendly, and the contrasting strap and shell colors are sure to appeal to young eyes. Your son or daughter doesn't need to know about the in-mold construction, or precise fit options. Consider letting your little dude choose his own ski helmet color. Either way, someone should add the Airwing 2 Pro to your cart.
uvex is a family owned and operated German company founded by Phiipp Winter in 1926. Philipp Winter improved ventilation of safety goggles, and equipped many athletes with protective eye wear for the 1936 summer Olympics. His son, Ranier, continued to expand the company, introducing the first anti-fog goggle in 1964. In the 1970's uvex expanded it's operations across the Atlantic, and introduced the first ski goggles with a spherical, injection-molded lens and anti-fog coating. Today, uvex continues to develop innovative, high-quality personal protective equipment for cycling, snow sports, equestrian and workers across the globe.
SportsProtective.com, formerly known as XSportsProtective.com, is the original protective gear store founded in 2004. We are now part of B2C Ventures, Inc., an ORR Corporation company. Since 1948, ORR's mission has been to protect people, property and the environment. B2C Ventures is dedicated to making your after-work pursuits safe and enjoyable.
© 2017 SportsProtective.com - All Rights Reserved - Terms of Use - Privacy Notice - B2C Ventures, an ORR Corporation company
We offer several different models of Uvex Ski Helmets, with each having a different size range depending upon fit system, shell shape, etc.
To chose the right size Uvex helmet for you or your kid, follow the steps below.
1. Carefully measure the head circumference, as shown here:
2. Use this measurement to chose the correct size helmet, using the cm as displayed in the "Please Select a Color/Size" drop down list (see image below).


text:
I typically stay in Marriott properties, but decided on this particular location due to the walking distance to the Saenger Theatre. Although it is on the Western edge of the Quarter, you are a block from Bourbon Street (far enough away to escape the noise). Most places are within short walking distance. And if Frenchmen Street is on your agenda (as it should be), it is an $8 cab ride and maybe 5 min away. The hotel lobby is on the 2nd floor. Bright, modern, and very cheery. I stayed in a King Suite which was roomy and clean. My room was very dark and I noticed some of the suites had a window that looked right onto the roof. Mine looked directly at the wall of another building and let in next to no light BUT that didn't bother me at all. Besides, most building are close to each other. Just know you aren't getting a cute balcony or cool view here. But again, fine with me. I didn't deal with the staff too much, but those that I did were very pleasant. I will definitely stay here again!
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- Also Known As:
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text:
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|Local Data
|Data Regarding this site
|Letter, (modified), from Clive Hillyard re. volunteer project registration about 8/2006
|Book Review - "GE Retirees Tell Tales"
|List of local GE retiree Addresses and Phone numbers
|Volunteer Income Tax Assistance
|Lunch Meetings by Local Retirees
|Edison Tech Center in Schenectady
|PC Volunteer Opportunities
|Old Schenectady visitor's booklet
|GE Related Sites mostly related to benefits
|Towers Watson's OneExchange
|GE Benefits - "Single Sign ON" or SSO
|GE Benefits Site (SSO Required)
|GE Benefits Toll-free phone Numbers
|Retiree benefits Phone Directory
|Additional phone numbers
|Medicare web site
|CVS Caremark web site
|GE Volunteers Portal, (SSO Required)
|United Healthcare web site
|Blue Cross of Alabama web site
|Elfun Spousal Check-off List
|Retirees Home Page on GE site
|GE Mutual Funds web site
|Repair of GE Service award Items
|Long Term Care Options
|Genworth, Long term care insurance site
|GE Vision Care Benefits site
|Letter by H Matanovic re SilverSneakers, 3/5/2015
|LifeMart (SSO Required)
|Hertz Car Rental discount
|GE Matching Gifts Program Files
|Letter of 5/28/05 by Gerry Bijwaard re matching gift program
|Link - GE WEB Site related to Matching Gifts
|How to make a matched gift
|How an organisation confirms receipt of a gift.
|Approved Local List with links
|List of 501 C3 organisations, including Tax IDs
|Other disaster relief information
|GE Foundation Payout Schedule
|Charity Watch
|Charity Navigator
|Some history files related to the GE Salem Plant
|Some Early plant history, rev 2006


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The dish: Beef Tataki, thin rare-seared beef strips with yuzu kosho, nagaimo and radish, $12
The cocktail: Whisky Highball, made with Satsuma Shiranami Mugi Shochu, seltzer and yuzu, $10
The pairing: The classic highball of whiskey and soda is very popular in Japan, b
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LITTLE STAR LAKE HOME. Many say it's the Premier Lake on the Beautiful Manitowish Chain of Lakes. With 275 ft of shoreline to enjoy the exceptional panoramic views and beautiful sunsets from the lakeside sunroom. This is what you imagine as the perfect Northwoods Getaway. The yard is well groomed yet retains the privacy and beauty of the shoreline kept natural with perennial flowers galore. The 3-bedroom, 2-bath cedar sided home has a vaulted great room with knotty pine walls, beams and ceilings, a loft bedroom and sleeping area, a huge authentic fieldstone fireplace, plus a great patio area for outdoor living. The tidy kitchen includes appliances, and features a breakfast nook area. Many improvements made to this property included newer well, septic upgrade, heating & A/C, water heater, dock & shoreline protection. There's room for all your toys in the detached 2-car garage and a splendid storage shed. Down at the shore you'll find three separate pier areas with all piers included.
Features Residential
|Style: 1.5 Story
|Lake Chain: Manitowish
|Garage: 2 Car, Detached, Extra Storage
|Lake Name: Little Star Lake
|Year Built: 0
|River Name:
|Basement Type: Crawl Space, Partial Basement
|Water Frontage (feet): 275
|Fin SqFt Total: 2,008
|Lake Size-Acres: 244
|Lot Size: 29185
|Shoreline: Gravel, Rocky, Sand
|High School: ON Lakeland Union
|Site Influence: Driveway, Lake Front, Quiet Area, Recreation Nearby, Shopping Nearby, Ski Hill Nearby, Sloped/Moderate, Wooded Area
|School District: Lakeland UHS
|Construction: Frame/Stick


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Principal MF unveils Smart Equity Fund; Religare MF launches Fixed Maturity Plan-Series IV-Plan D (13 Months); SBI Mutual Fund floats Debt Fund Series-18 Months Fund-4; One97 Communications to launch IPO on 1st December
Principal MF unveils Smart Equity Fund
Principal Mutual Fund has launched Principal Smart Equity Fund, an open-ended growth fund.
The primary objective of the scheme is to generate long term capital appreciation with relatively lower volatility through systematic allocation of fund into equity and in debt/money market instrument for defensive purpose. The scheme has two options viz. dividend and growth option.
The scheme opens on 26th November and closes on 10th December. The minimum investment amount is Rs5,000. An exit load of 2% will be applicable if the units are redeemed within one year. If the units are redeemed within two years, then an exit load of 1% will be applicable.
The Scheme will be benchmarked against CRISIL Balanced Fund Index. The scheme will be managed by Rajat Jain.
Religare MF launches Fixed Maturity Plan-Series IV-Plan D (13 Months)
Religare Mutual Fund has launched Religare Fixed Maturity Plan-Series IV-Plan A to F-Plan D (13 Months), a close-ended income scheme.
The investment objective of the Plan D is to generate income by investing in debt and money market instruments normally maturing in line with the duration of the scheme. The plan has two options viz. dividend (payout) and growth option The scheme opens on 26th November and closes on 9th December. The exit load is nil. The minimum investment amount is Rs5,000. The minimum target amount is Rs1 crore.
Plan D will be benchmarked against CRISIL Short-Term Bond Fund Index.
SBI Mutual Fund floats Debt Fund Series-18 Months Fund-4
SBI Mutual Fund has unveiled SBI Debt Fund Series-18 Months Fund-4. The new issue opens on 30th November and closes on the same day.
The investment objective to the scheme is to provide regular income, liquidity and return to the investors through investment in a portfolio comprising debt instrument.
The minimum investment would be Rs5,000. The units of the scheme will be listed on National Stock Exchange of India.
One97 Communications to launch IPO on 1st December
One97 Communications is set to enter capital markets with an initial public offering of Rs120 crore on 1st December.
One97 is a provider of telecommunications value added services to telecom service providers, consumers and enterprises in India. Issue will close for subscription on 3rd December for qualified institutional buyers and will be opened till 6th December for retail and non-institutional investors.
Issue proceeds will be used for procuring telecom equipment and software for installation at office as well as various sites of customers. IDFC Capital Ltd and Avendus Capital Pvt Ltd are the book running lead managers to the issue.
New Delhi: The Supreme Court (SC) today allowed the request of British telecom giant Vodafone to deposit Rs2,500 crore, as directed by it earlier, through banking wire transfer instead of bank draft, reports PTI.
The apex has court also postponed the date of hearing to 19 July 2011, from the previously scheduled hearing on 5th February.
Wire transfer or credit transfer is a method of electronic funds transfer from one person or institution (entity) to another.
A bench headed by the Chief Justice S H Kapadia allowed the Vodafone plea after the company counsel and senior advocate Harish Salve submitted that the money would come through international transactions.
"We need to transfer this amount (Rs2,500 crore) directly from bank to the Supreme Court registry. It would save us a lot of money. If we get a bank draft it would be price over for us," Mr Salve said.
Accepting it, the court said that Vodafone will deposit Rs2,500 crore and a bank guarantee, issued by any nationalised bank, within three and eight weeks, respectively.
The bench also made it clear that the time period would start from 15th November when it had directed the company to deposit the sum.
Because it's the only way to combat government spending.


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Chinese Hot Mustard
Recipe by Verelucky
Chinese Style Hot Mustard
Top Review by cookee monster
I made this tonight to go with my store bought egg rolls. Don't get to close while making it. I was making sure that it was smooth and apparently leaned to close. Boy did my eyes start to burn. When I recovered from that I took a little taste. Set my mouth on fire and had a shooting pain in my ear (Have a little ear infection. I think it's cured). Good stuff for sure! My DD who is not very brave with spicy stuff even liked it. This will be made many more times!
Ingredients Nutrition
- 236.59 ml boiling water
- 236.59 ml dry English-style mustard
- 59.16 ml oil
Directions See How It's Made
- Gradually add the boiling water to the dry english mustard.
- Then add the oil, stir well.
- I got this from "Cook's Thesaurus".


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TNT Considers More Cost Cuts
AMSTERDAM—Dutch courier company TNT Express NV said Monday it is considering additional measures to boost its performance in Europe and stem losses from its businesses in Asia and Latin America following a 64% drop in third-quarter net profit.
Net profit for the period fell to €5 million ($7.1 million) from €14 million a year earlier, while sales grew 1.3% to €1.78 billion, both in line with analysts' forecasts.
TNT cut its...


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Queensland Theatre offers something truly unique to its corporate partners: world class entertainment, Broadway-style glamour and beautiful private functions attended by leaders in government and industry. Queensland Theatre is a state icon, and our reach extends to 100,000 people a year. Our partners align themselves with a state cultural treasure that also boasts a rich history of community outreach.
Queensland Theatre nurtures emerging artists, commissions new theatrical works and has the largest education and youth program of any theatre company in the country. We're committed to all Queenslanders and tour our state widely, prioritising regional communities and ensuring we're a presence far and wide.
For more details on our community outreach, consult our Philanthropy page. Your support is vital to the continued success of our endeavours, and we can offer your business that extra edge to help you succeed in a competitive market.
Corporate supporters of Queensland Theatre enjoy a wide range of flexible benefits. We prioritise getting to know you and your business and tailoring packages to meet your company objectives. Entertain your clients at opening night and other VIP events. Strengthen your brand through advertising and profiling opportunities in our marketing collateral. Enrich your profile by supporting an impressive community-focused organisation with strong creative values and a commitment to Queensland's cultural development.
In addition to individual productions, companies can sponsor Education and Youth Programs, Indigenous Projects, New Works, and Regional Touring. For more information on partnering with Queensland Theatre, please contact our Corporate Partnerships Manager Nikki Porter on 07 3010 7612 or via email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
A night at the theatre is the perfect form of corporate entertainment. Queensland Theatre can offer your guests and clients all the catering and ambience they expect from a professional event, with the added excitement of a world-class theatrical production. Our services range from private performances to exclusive behind-the-scenes tours and pre and post-show events. For more information on what we can offer, contact 07 3010 7668.
The Director's Circle at Queensland Theatre brings together a group of like-minded leaders who believe that a vibrant economic and cultural life go hand in hand and is integral to the growth of our city.
Director's Circle Members are brought into the heart of the company and attend selected Opening Nights, mingling with guests, other leading business and cultural leaders, and meeting national and international artists. Members can also host private events, bringing a creative and contemporary edge to your next function.
Opening Night Event, Oedipus Doesn't Live Here Anymore
Thank you so much for hosting us at Queensland Theatre last night. We along with our clients truly enjoyed the event. It was so fabulous to see the behind the scenes set up, the rehearsal taking place and the play itself was extremely enjoyable …Our clients will all be back, that's for sure!
- Laura Edwards, Virgin Australia
Ruth Greening, Terry Nodwell, Artistic Director Sam Strong, Elizabeth Jameson
Before the 'behind the scenes' tour I had no idea how many local industries Queensland Theatre supports …I was overwhelmed by how fully the company is driven by its mission statement and creates work and platforms for art and artists in and out of this state. A very enjoyable evening.
- Jaclyn Barker, Griffith University
Opening Night Event, Ladies in Black


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So, back in the olden days when the Pirate king sailed the seas, there was a major 4, made up of Roger, Garp, Sengoku and Whitebeard.
If Luffy's gonna be the King, whos will be the major four?
These are people that can almost beat Luffy by that point.
I'm guessing something Like Buggy, Coby or Smoker possibly, Shanks is a Yonko and kinda old, but he'll still be around when Luffy dies or whatevs, Coby isn't that strong now, but I hear he's captain and he says he'll be an admiral.
I can't think many more, so yous think up some valuable thoughts and comment them!
Going Merry Christmas


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|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|2 - 3 nights
Our Winter Rate: $400 Our Summer Rate: $450 No cleaning fees.
Our Hospitality always puts together something nice for YOU . . .
This very private 3 Bedroom 2 Bath home on multiple levels with 20 foot vaulted ceilings sits up in the tree line of its own woods — just minutes from downtown. Enjoy the feeling of being in a Treehouse without the "rope ladders".
This 1800 square foot rustic gem has completed a full renovation with state of the art kitchen, designer interiors, wood burning fireplace and romantic, handsome bathrooms.
As a retired Restaurant Exec and Director of Operations I've been told many times I had 'very high standards'...and perhaps that's true as I want your experience to be the very best it can be! Since I designed restaurant kitchens in past, I redesigned the 'Treehouse' kitchen for maximum efficiency. Our team cleans, then details every aspect of the 'Treehouse' so that it feels brand new each and every time. We hand press your linens with lavender water and many extras are included as just common hospitality — not deals. We're connected to the Wine Makers and many local artisans... and we offer complimentary concierge services.
If you value your privacy and are not wanting to stay in a house that feels like a house, this is the place for You. All about Mood, a glass of wine and Golden Evening Light?
Gourmet chefs? We've got you covered!
It is NOT for everyone... it is Rustic Luxury... with 'brand new' plumbing.
And still so convenient to everything...!
Perhaps you will be lucky enough to see a deer while you enjoy your private woods...
I send "unique benefits" by separate email as I seem to have a Fan Base of Owners that like to copy and paste my text... just note how many Treehouses there are now! :-)
We have rented many properties around the world, both short and long term. I can't tell you how many times I've had to start from scratch with cleaning supplies, toilet paper, laundry detergent....even buying a decent kitchen knife and coffee mugs.....over the years in these apartments and homes. The fact that you had thought of everything and provided it, particularly in the kitchen and bathrooms, was really comfortable and much appreciated! This was, for us, an OUTSTANDING rental experience....many, many thanks.
Surely a memorable start to a shiny new married life for our two newlyweds! Five stars all the way.
We had six adults stay together at the treehouse for a long weekend and couldn't have been happier. The host, Debra, gave us a quick walk-through along with a book of amenities and recommendations for the Portland area. The home is upgraded throughout with an atmosphere of comfort and luxury. We had plenty of room and would recommend this spot for anyone looking to visit this area!
The TreeHouse was one of our favorite rentals on a multi-city trip. Tucked away on a quiet cul de sac and meticulously maintained, it's a serene place to work and rest at the same time. It's close to several good restaurants and shopping (the owner maintains a great list). And there are parks nearby, one within walking distance. Debra is a great host and very helpful.
This house was truly great for our group! The house has everything you could ever need, and more. The owner, Debra, was very inviting, even with a much delayed arrival. The house itself is beautiful inside and out. Even though you are close to the city, it feels like you're in the wilderness. I loved having coffee on the patios in the morning with the forest views. The bathrooms are amazing as well. I also got my deposit back within 1-2 days of leaving. We would love to come back to this house again!
Our stay at the "treehouse" was our first disappointing VRBO rental. Don't believe the hype; this is an aging house in a suburban subdivision that backs up to a major 4 lane highway. Also, expect a 30 minute drive to downtown Portland activities. However, these letdowns were minor in comparison to dealing with the "treehouse" owner who lives next door.
We waited a month and a half after we left and we still hadn't received our security deposit. According to the owner "I have finally decided to stop paying for all the smaller breakage and deduct it from the security." That meant we had to pay for a faucet that we had noticed wasn't working properly. Thinking back, we realized that the owner gave an uncomfortable and lengthy walk through upon arrival including many admonitions on acceptable behavior. Unfortunately, this walk through will be your only chance to document the operation of every fixture and appliance in the house. I would suggest you spend a couple of hours and take a video for your own protection. We didn't and ended up paying to replace the kitchen faucet with the same exact defective model that we supposedly broke.
When we finally received any information from the owner, it arrived in emails laced with derision and name calling. Apparently we should have been happy to replace a worn out faucet because the owner gave us chocolate and wine when we arrived.
Looking back, we wish we would have stayed closer to downtown for the convenience and definitely less frustration.
This property was absolutely beautiful. Every detail was perfect from the fully equipped kitchen to the incredible sleep we got--my husband and I have yet to stop talking about the mattress!!! Debra was an excellent hostess, everything was seamless. I highly recommend this property to anyone going to Portland. The pictures truly don't do it justice. It is unique and full of art and exquisite details. Debra--I'll get in touch, my husband and I would love to retake some of these photos to try and better capture how amazing this place really is!
Gorgeous place to enjoy early Christmas with family! Beautiful setting, cozy sheets and plush towels as well as a lovely fresh pine Christmas tree elegantly decorated. We could not ask for anything more perfect. Sitting last night with the fireplace burning low, the light from the Christmas tree illuminated the Summer Waterfall fabric art piece magically. thank you
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
Spring/Summer Rate
Apr 1 2017 - Sep 30 2017
3 night minimum stay
My standard rate
Oct 1 2017 - Mar 31 2018
3 night minimum stay
My Standard Rate
2 night minimum stay
Nightly Rate: $400 - $450
Fall/Winter Rates: $400/night November through March
Spring/Summer Rates: $450/night April through October
Security Deposit of $500 required. AmEx, Visa, MC, Discover via PayPal and checks accepted. There are no other fees.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 8, 2002
|Filing date
|Nov 5, 1997
|Priority date
|Nov 5, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Yi-Qun Li, Jing Zhao
|Original Assignee
|Corning Applied Technologies Corp.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (15), Classifications (28), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority from a provisional application, Ser. No. 60/030,390, filed Nov. 5, 1996.
The U.S. Government has certain rights in this invention as provided for in Contract No. N00014-96-c2096 awarded by the U.S. Department of the Navy.
1. Technical Field
The invention relates to resistor materials that are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature and find use in thermistors, bolometers, infrared detectors and the like.
2. Background of the Invention
In many applications, resistors are preferably made from materials whose resistivity is constant with temperature. However, these always exhibit a change in resistance with temperature. Quite often, this change is sensibly linear and is characterized by a sensibly constant temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) which is numerically equal to the fractional change in resistance, dR, with change in temperature, dT, and given by (1/R) (dR/dT). (TCR is a more useful characteristic than dR/dT because the absolute resistance can be changed by changing the geometry of the resistor.) For resistor applications, some alloys have TCRs in the parts per million per � C. range. However, other materials have much higher TCRs and can be used as temperature sensors, commonly called thermistors.
Desirable thermistor materials have constant (for ease of calibration) high (for sensitivity) TCRs over a wide operating temperature and reasonable resistivity values. However, some applications preferably have the highest possible TCR at the sacrifice of constancy and operating range. For example, bolometers detect absorbed radiation by producing an electrical signal in response to their increase in temperature. In a typical application, this increase is minute and constancy over a wide temperature range is unimportant. Bolometers may be optimized by maintaining them at a selected constant average ambient temperature and detecting fluctuations from varying radiation.
FIG. 1 is a chart summarizing the TCR and resistivity of some prior art materials and showing one example of the material of this invention in the upper center. A number of materials, thermistor multi-component oxides and GaAs or GaP based semiconductors in bulk form, have very high TCRs but also very high resistivities. These materials rely upon the excitation of electrons across a large thermal barrier for the high TCR. The large thermal barrier generally results in large resistivities which have the potential for non-ohmic contacts, and large 1/f noise levels. Prior art materials with lower resistances all have lower TCRs. Until now, for use in bolometers, for example, the best choice was V0x amorphous materials with a typical 0.02/� C. (2%/� C.) TCR.
These problems have received considerable attention for some time, and new materials with a higher TCR are always being sought. Various oxides have been investigated. For example, U.S. Pat. No 4,743,881, issued May 10, 1988 to Howng, discloses La—Cr—O based material, i.e., LaCrO3 with small amounts of Ti, Si, Mg, and/or Al substituted for Cr. This material is capable of operating in the range of 100 to 600� C. These exhibit a TCR of about 2.5%/� C. However, they are bulk devices made by calcining and sintering the oxides.
Materials with compositions similar to that of this invention are known. La—Mn—O based materials, or more precisely (La1−xAx)MnO3 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba, Cd and Pb; 0<x >1), and La—Co—O analogs were synthesized and extensively studied in early 1950s, see, for instance, G. H. Jonker and J. H. Van Santen, Physica, vol. 16 (1950) pp. 337-349 and pp. 599-600 and Physica, vol. 19 (1953) pp. 120-130. Jonker and Santen measured the ferromagnetic properties and conductivity of sintered powders as a function of temperature and composition. Recently, a great deal of interest was rekindled by the discovery of a "giant magnetoresistive effect" in their thin film forms, see, for example, K. Chahara et al. Appl. Phys. Lett., vol 63 (1993) pp. 1990-1993 (reporting on La—Ca—Mn—O ion beam sputtered films on MgO substrates), R. Von Helmolt et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 71 (1993) pp.2331-2333 (reporting on La—Ca—Mn—O off-axis laser deposited films on SrTiO3), and S. Jin et al., Science, vol. 264 (1994) pp.413-415 (reporting on La—Ca—Mn—O films on LaAlO2 made via laser ablation of powders).
All these powders and films undergo a magnetic phase transition determined by the composition. Below the transition, they behave as metallic conductors but near the transition, the resistance increases sharply and then falls off almost as sharply above the transition temperature where they behave as semiconductors. In the presence of an external magnetic field, the resistance at all temperatures is reduced. For film materials, this decrease can be greater than a thousand-fold on application of a 6T magnetic field. Jin, et al, postulated that such giant magnetoresistance effects should lead to a variety of technical applications, but their results were obtained with transition temperatures of 77� C. U.S. Pat. No. 5,487,356, issued Jan. 30, 1996 to Li (one of the present inventors) et al., incorporated herein by reference, discloses a metal oxide chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method of making giant magnetoresistive material of (La1−xAx)MnO3 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba, and Mg) with good magnetoresistance effect results at 270 K. However, there are no reports of any investigations of the TCR or use as temperature sensing materials, let alone optimization of the material composition for such use. This may be, in part, because the TCR is highly non-linear and only large within a few degrees of the transition temperature.
Even though it is known that a sharp resistance peak indicates the possibility of a ferromagnetic phase transition, the details are not usually disclosed. An exception is U.S. Pat. No. 5,538,800, issued Jul. 23, 1996 to Li et al., which discloses a polycrystalline material having a very high magnetoresistance ratio of 10,000% in a 6T magnetic field at about 140� K. Although not discussed, the TCR can be deduced from a figure as about 15%/� C., but this is also at about the same low temperature. When making a magnetic field sensor, a high TCR is a disadvantage because the device temperature must be held constant in order to accurately measure the magnetic field effects. A device structure to compensate the TCR was disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,563,331, issued Oct. 8, 1996 to Von Helmolt. Therein, compositions with room temperature TCRs (deduced from figures) in the range of about 2-4%/� C. are illustrated. The invention proposes a method of compensating for the TCR of a magnetoresistive sensor by using two layers of different-composition magnetically sensitive material with a low correlation between their TCRs.
All of these materials are based on a nominal LaMnOz composition with partial substitutions for La and Mn and having a perovskite-like structure. It is known that the perovskite structure is necessary in order to produce a ferromagnetic material. z is nominally 3, but can be in the range of about 2 to 3.5. A decrease from z=3 should occur if, for example, a divalent atom is substituted for the trivalent La. However, there is some uncertainty because some of the Mn atoms, which nominally has a valence of +3, can have a valence of +4 causing an increase in z or a valence of +2 causing a decrease in z. Moreover, there are usually oxygen deficiencies. It is known that in order to exhibit a ferromagnetic effect, there must be some Mn, about 30%, with a +4 valence. For instance, a material with an exact composition LaMnO3 is not ferromagnetic. Since considerable effort is required to determine the exact value of z and the amount of Mn with different valences for each composition, those skilled in the art understand that z has a range of values and often characterize the materials using nominal compositions in conjunction with physical properties.
One application where high a TCR is most useful is in bolometers where high sensitivity is desirable. U.S. Pat. No. 5,450,053, issued Sep. 12, 1995 to Wood, discloses a monolithic integrated focal plane sensitive to both mm-waves (typically 94 GHz) and IR radiation (typically 3-5 and 8-12 micron) constructed on a silicon wafer by selective anisotropic etching to fabricate microbolometer radiation sensors in a linear or two-dimensional array. Each microbolometer is constructed with a thin dielectric plate of amorphous silicon nitride or silicon dioxide attached to the silicon substrate and cantilevered over a groove in the substrate, as illustrated in FIG. 2. Vanadium oxide (VOx) is deposited on the dielectric and a radiation absorbing film deposited on the vanadium oxide. The VOx material has a TCR in the range of 1-4%/� C. so that when heated by radiation its resistance will change. Since, in this application, the resistance change is very small, for maximum sensitivity, in order to overcome noise, it is desirable that the TCR is as high as possible. It is also desirable that the thermal mass and thermal conductivity to the substrate are as low as possible. These are attempted by using thin films and the cantilever structure. It is further desirable that the absolute resistance is compatible with readout circuitry, e.g., in the range of 100 to 100,000 ohms. Starting with material of reasonable resistivity, this can be obtained by using thin films in a serpentine configuration, if necessary. Another desirable characteristic is that the high TCR occurs near room temperature. However, these bolometers are typically cooled with a thermoelectric cooler so that somewhat lower temperatures, e.g., down to about 250 degrees K, can be used at the expense of some power for the cooler. The citation of this patent is provided as background to show that it is known how to make a microbolometer using thin films of TCR material and is not deemed as prior art to the invention disclosed in this application.
Accordingly, the main object of the invention is to provide materials which have the highest temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) in a useful range of temperatures, preferably close to room temperature, so that sensitive temperature sensors can be made. A further object is to provide materials which could be produced in the form of a thin film so that sensitive radiation detectors, particularly of the multi-element or mosaic type could be produced. Still more objects are to provide materials which have reasonable resistivities so that practical value resistors can be formed and ones to which it is easy to make electrical contact with metals.
All of these objectives and more have been met with a temperature sensor comprising an oxide having a perovskite-like crystal structure which undergoes a ferromagnetic phase transition. In one embodiment, the oxide has a chemical formula LawAxByMnOz where
A is a divalent atom selected from an alkaline earth metal, or Mn or Pb,
B is a divalent atom selected from an alkaline earth metal, or Mn, or Pb, and
w+x+y=1, w, x, and y are in the range of 0 to 1, and z is in the range of 2 to 3.5.
By selecting various combinations of constituents, A and B, in varying amounts, the TCR can be maximized or the temperature at which the maximum TCR occurs can be adjusted. Examples are disclosed having a TCR greater than 5%/� C. at a range of temperatures above −33� C.
In one embodiment, the oxide is produced as an epitaxial thin film on a substrate. A variety of substrates can be used including single crystals whose crystal lattice size is matched to the crystal lattice size of the oxide. Alternately, single crystals with non-matched lattice sizes or even amorphous substrates can be used if suitable buffer layers such as YSZ, CeO2, or YBCO are used. It was discovered that the optimum oxide thin film is biaxially textured with a (100) crystal orientation and that suitable buffer layers promote the growth of such films. It was further discovered that annealing at 900� C. in an oxygen atmosphere promotes oxygen stoichiometry. One sample showed and TCR of 15%/� C. at −20� C. This is the highest TCR known to us near room temperature.
The preferred method of making the invention uses the well known metal oxide chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process with suitable precursor chemicals. However, other methods can be used for some of the processing steps. When producing biaxially textured (100) YSZ buffer layers, it is believed that the most suitable method is the ion beam assisted deposition process to produce biaxially oriented single crystals or polycrystals. It is thought that this process would be particularly useful for producing such a film on an amorphous dielectric such as silicon nitride which is used in microbolometers as a an electrically and thermally isolating support structure for existing radiation sensor materials whose resistance changes due to heating by absorbed radiation. After the YSZ layer is formed, the MOCVD process can be used to produce buffer layers and the oxide temperature sensitive material. Using these methods, the films can be easily very thin to produce very low thermal mass sensors. Fortunately, it was found that thin films still had a reasonable resistivity and it was easy to make contacts with pressed metal or evaporated silver.
FIG. 1 is a graph of TCR as a function of resistivity for a variety of materials.
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross section of a multi-element bolometer structure.
FIG. 3. shows the resistance vs. temperature for (La1−xMnx)MnO3 thin films.
FIG. 4 shows the TCR calculated from FIG. 3 for (La0.7Mn0.3)MnO3 as a function of temperature.
FIG. 5 shows the resistance vs. temperature for (La0.6Ca0.3Pb0.1)MnO3 and (La0.6Ca0.2Pb0.2)MnO3
FIGS. 6A and 6B show the θ-2θ x-ray diffraction and resistance vs. temperature measurements for (La0.6Ca0.3Pb0.1)MnO3 deposited directly on YSZ.
FIGS. 7A and 7B show the θ-2θ x-ray diffraction and resistance vs. temperature measurements for (La0.6Ca0.3Pb0.1)MnO3 deposited on a CeO2 buffer layer on YSZ
FIGS. 8A and 8B show the θ-2θ x-ray diffraction and resistance vs. temperature measurements for (La0.6Ca0.3Pb0.1)MnO3 deposited on a YBCO buffer layer on YSZ.
FIGS. 9A and 9B show the θ-2θ x-ray diffraction and resistance vs. temperature measurements for (La0.6Ca0.3Pb0.1)MnO3 deposited on a YBCO buffer layer on a CeO2 buffer layer on YSZ.
FIG. 10 shows resistance and TCR vs. temperature (La0.6Ca0.2Mn0.2)MnO3 thin film deposited on (100) LaAlO3 substrate after annealing in oxygen for 3 hours at 900� C.
During a process of synthesis and characterization of La—Mn—O based thin films as giant magnetoresistive materials, we noted temperature dependant behavior of resistance as shown in FIG. 2. which is similar in shape to that found by previous investigators. However, on calculating the TCR for the zero magnetic field case and comparing this to known thermistor materials, we discovered that our material near its ferromagnetic transition has one of the highest TCRs reported to date. Referring again to FIG. 1, only GaAs:Cr is comparable, but its resistivity is also very high. La—Mn—O based materials have been prepared by a number of methods in the prior art and any of these should produce similar albeit less optimum results. Examples of several different compositions are set out below.
Example 1. When a large area of film is desired, as it would be in commercial production, a preferable lower cost preparation method would use well known MOCVD techniques. In this case, metal P-diketonates, La(C11H19O2), Mn(C11H19O2), and Ca(C11H19O2), can be used as precursors in forming (La1−xAx)MnO3 (A=Ca and Mn) thin films. The value of x obtained in the films depends on the concentration ratios of the metal precursors, determined experimentally. For instance, a film of nominal composition (La0.4Mn0.6)MnO3 was obtained from a single solution prepared by dissolving La(C11H19O2) and Mn(C11H19O2) with an atomic ratio of Mn/La=1.5 in n-Butyl acetate solvent. The concentration of the solution was 0.1 mole/I. This solution was injected into a heated vaporizer by a liquid pump, and the vapors were carried immediately into the chamber by argon gas. Oxygen and nitrous oxide are used as oxidizers but air can also be used. The film was deposited on a (100) oriented LaAlO3 substrate under the following conditions:
Substrate Temperature
600 to 700� C.
Reactor Pressure
2 to 4 Torr
Oxygen Flow Rate
300 to 500 sccm
Nitrous Oxide Flow Rate
300 to 500 sccm
Argon Flow Rate
50 to 100 sccm
Vaporizer Temperature
220 to 230� C.
Solution Flow Rate
2 to 10 ml/hr
The TCR of (La1−xMnx)MnO3 samples prepared by MOCVD on a (100) LaAlO3 was measured by a conventional four-probe resistance method. The samples were about 4 mm long by 2 mm wide and 100 nanometers thick. Two current leads carrying a constant current and two voltage leads were contacted to the sample by a spring loaded mechanism. The sample was successively heated and cooled and the voltage recorded as a function of the temperature as measured by a thermocouple. The results are shown in FIG. 2 for x=0.3, 0.45, and 0.6. (The reasonable resistance value shown results from measuring along the 100 nanometer thin film.)
FIG. 4 illustrates the TCR characteristics of a (La0.7Mn0.3)MnO3 (x=0.3) thin film calculated from the data in FIG. 3. The peak value of TCR was measured as high as 0.15/� C. (TCR=15%/� C. and hereinafter the /� C. will be omitted and understood) at the transition temperature in a comparison with a typical 2%/� C. for the VOx materials. The resistivity of 0.1 Ω-cm for this film is comparable to the value of the VOx materials used in bolometers. (Referring again to FIG. 1, the peak TCR is illustrated for values of x ranging from 0.3 to 0.6.)
As shown in FIG. 3, the magnetic transition temperature, which is slightly above the preferred temperature for TCR operation, TCR, and resistivity of (La1−xAx)MnO3 depend strongly on the substitution concentration x. Moreover, the transition temperature where the peak TCR is obtained can be tailored by making other substitutions using the more general composition LawAxByMnOz, where A and B are selected from an divalent alkaline earth such as Ca, Sr, Ba, or from Pb or Mn, and w+x+y=1, with x, y, and z are in the range of 0 to 1, and z is nominally 3 but may range from 2 to 3.5. The characteristics of the material are altered whenever x is not equal to 1 because the substituents have a +2 oxidation state versus +3 for La. The ferromagnetic transition temperature is altered by the choice of different substituents, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb or Mn. Use of Mn alone gave good results and is slightly simpler in production.
Material according to the invention can be in the form of thin films, preferably thin films that are epitaxial with an appropriate substrate, as in this example, but not excluding polycrystalline (textured or untextured) films. It can also be bulk polycrystalline material or single crystal. Exemplary substrate materials, which have a lattice match with LaMnO3 films for epitaxial growth, are LaAlO3, LaGaO3, SrTiO3, Nd2GaO3, and Bi4Ti3O12. Non-lattice matched substrates such as YSZ, MgO, Al2O3, r-plane sapphire, semiconductors such as Si, amorphous dielectrics such as silicon nitride or silicon dioxide, or even appropriate metals or metal alloys can also be used. These generally require the use of a lattice matching buffer layer such as yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ), yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO), Bi4Ti3O12 or SrTiO3 to promote epitaxial growth. Such a buffer layer can also provide electrical insulation between the film if a conductive substrate is contemplated.
Thin films of material according to the invention can be formed by any suitable physical or chemical deposition technique, e.g., sputtering, laser ablation, evaporation, molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, electroplating, electroless plating, plasma spray deposition, and sole-gel spin or dip coating, typically followed by an oxidation step. Chemical vapor deposition (in particular MOCVD), laser ablation and sputtering are the currently preferred deposition techniques. Additional examples illustrate some of these variations.
Example 2. Two films with nominal composition (La0.7Pb0.3)MnO3 and (La0.7Ca0.3)MnO3 were deposited on (100) LaAlO3 substrates with an MOCVD system under the deposition condition listed in Example 1. The resulting layers were epitaxial with the substrates. The resistivity of both layers as a function of temperature was measured by a conventional four-probe method. The (La0.7Pb0.3)MnO3 layer showed a broad magnetic transition with a peak resistance temperature of about 350� K. The TCR of the layer peaked at 295� K, but was a relatively low 1.7%/� C. In contrast, the (La0.7Ca0.3)MnO3 layer showed a sharp magnetic transition with a peak temperature of about 260� K. The TCR of the layer was a high 15%/� C. at 240� K.
Example 3. A combination of calcium and lead in substitution for lanthanum showed a trade-off between transition temperature and the TCR characteristic. FIG. 5 shows the resistance as a function of temperature for (La0.6Ca0.3Pb0.1)MnO3 and (La0.6Ca0.2Pb0.2)MnO3 layers deposited on (100) LaAlO3 substrates by MOCVD under the deposition conditions as listed in Example 1. The film with a composition (La0.6Ca0.3Pb0.1)MnO3 had a TCR=12%/� C. at 263� K, 10%/� C. at 273� K, and 7%/� C. at 278� K while the film with a composition (La0.6Ca0.2Pb0.2)MnO3 had a TCR=5.6%/� C. at 263� K, 6.4%/� C. at 273� K and 6%/� C. at 278� K.
Example 4. Single crystal substrates of (100) yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were provided. (La0.6Ca0.3Pb0.1)MnO3films were deposited on bare YSZ, CeO2 buffered YSZ, Yba2Cu3O7 (YBCO) deposited on CeO2 buffered YSZ, and YBCO buffered YSZ substrates under the same deposition conditions listed in Example 1. Both the YBCO and CeO2 layers were also deposited in the same CVD chamber and under the same conditions listed in Example 1 used for deposition of the (La0.6Ca0.3Pb0.1)MnO3 films. 2% cobalt was doped into the YBCO layer to increase its resistivity. FIGS. 6A and 6B (wherein (La0.6Ca0.3Pb0.1)MnO3 is designated by LPCMO) show that the film directly deposited on the YSZ substrate was (110) oriented and had a very broad magnetic phase transition at 223� K and thus a low TCR characteristic. However, the film deposited on the CeO2 buffer layer on YSZ has a mixed orientation of (100) and (110) and a much improved TCR at 223� K as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. FIGS. 8A, 8B, 9A, and 9B show that the films deposited on YBCO buffer layers, with or without an intermediate CeO2 buffer on the YSZ substrate, have a dominant (100) orientation, the same as that of the film deposited on (100) LaAlO3 substrate. About a 10%/� C. TCR was measured at 240� K on the film deposited on the YBCO buffered YSZ substrates. Thus, it may be concluded that a preferred orientation for the TCR film is (100). That is, the c-axis should be normal to the plane of the film.
Example 5. The same process as was described in Examples 3 & 4 can be used with other material systems including (La0.6Ca0.3B0.1)MnO3 where B is Sr, Ba, and Mn. A TCR of about 10%/� C. was also achieved at 273� K for these three composition thin films deposited on single crystal (100) LaAlO3 substrates by the MOCVD method described in Example 1. It was found that one can trade off a higher maximum value of the TCR at a lower temperature for a lower maximum value at a higher temperature by varying the ratio of Ca to B. Ca alone produced the highest TCR but at lower temperatures. We found that the addition of any of Pb, Sr, Mn, or Ba lowered the TCR but raised the temperature where it was maximum in proportion to the ratio of Ca to B. We also found that the stoichiometry of oxygen in these lanthanum magnates was an important factor in determining the TCR properties. For example, a (La0.6Ca0.2Mn0.2)MnO3 thin film deposited on (100) LaAlO3 substrate had, as deposited, a TCR=15%/� C. at 273� K. However, after annealing in an oxygen atmosphere at 900� C. for 3 hours, the TCR and temperature maximum changed to 13%/� C. at 295� K as shown in FIG. 10.
Prophetic Example. For a bolometer application, as disclosed by Wood wherein an amorphous silicon nitride dielectric cantilever is attached to a silicon substrate, an additional processing step is required. First, in order to promote growth of the TCR material with a preferred (100) orientation, a biaxially textured YSZ layer should be deposited. A suitable method is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,650,378, issued Jul. 22, 1997 to Iijima et al., incorporated herein by reference. This is a method of using ion beams to assist in a sputter deposition from a target plate of the selected material, in this case YSZ, onto a substrate. By providing an ion beam angle of incidence to the substrate in the range of 40-60 degrees, the YSZ film will grow with a (100) orientation and, moreover, even though polycrystalline, the a and b axis of the polycrystals will be aligned to each other within 30 degrees or less. Although the cited patent used polished nickel as a substrate, others have reported using essentially the same technique to produce biaxially textured YSZ with a (100) orientation on pyrex glass, N. Sonnenberg et al., J. Appl. Phys., vol. 74, no. 2, (1993) pp. 1027-1034, incorporated herein by reference. Thus, the process should work for a variety of other materials. Once this YSZ layer has been formed, the processes in example 4 which were used with a YSZ single crystal substrates can be used. In this way, a structure consisting of a silicon nitride layer, a YSZ layer, a CeO2 layer, a relatively non-conducting YBCO layer, and a TCR layer can be fabricated. In Example 4, including the CeO2 layer gave slightly better results than without, but is not essential.
While use in a bolometer may be a preferred embodiment, the inventive material may be useful as a thermistor in other situations where the temperature range is restricted, for example, as a human body temperature thermometer, as a temperature limit detector, in anenometers, and the like. Unlike other thermistors materials which use bulk construction, the inventive material is preferably in the form of a film spiral on a tubular substrate, a serpentine film on a planar substrate or like structure as are well known in the art. Little difficulty was found in make good ohmic contacts with pressed metal contacts or evaporated silver so construction should be straightforward. The inventive material is also particularly suited to integrated circuit temperature sensors which provide sensing and amplification on the same chip.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure in this application. It is intended that the examples and specification be considered exemplary only; the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 21, 1998
Owner name: NZ APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, MASSACHUSETTS
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text: General Cable Corporation (NYSE: BGC) will webcast a discussion of its fourth quarter 2011 earnings on Thursday, February 9, 2012 at 8:30 a.m. ET. Chief Executive Officer Gregory B. Kenny and Chief Financial Officer Brian J. Robinson will discuss the fourth quarter results. The news release detailing the results will be issued after the market closes on Wednesday, February 8, 2012. Media and investors may access the live audio webcast at www.generalcable.com beginning at 8:30 a.m. ET on Thursday, February 9, 2012. The webcast will also be available for replay. General Cable Corporation, headquartered in Highland Heights, Kentucky, is a global leader in the development, design, manufacture, marketing and distribution of copper, aluminum and fiber optic wire and cable products and systems for the energy, industrial, specialty, construction, and communications markets. Visit our website at www.generalcable.com.


text: This is the same smoked Bacon flavor that you have come to love, but we have not used any nitrites to cure it. It cooks up differently from the traditionally cured beacons but does have a wonderful flavor and texture all its own. It dose not cook up with the same bright pink color of traditional cooked beacons. If you are trying to get nitrates out of your diet this is a a great way to go. This is a one pound package. Cuts may vary some cuts will be streakier and have more tail....some will be leaner with less tail, Please specify what your preference is when ordering.


text:
EAST HANOVER TWP. - Hanover Park posted a 60-42 win over Pequannock but Hanover Township succumbed to Roxbury by a 91-22 score in recent local Tri-County Youth Wrestling League action.
Alfonse Scala (54), Nick Leider (70), John Centanni (74), Ryan Thibault (86) , Dario Marcelli (98) and Rob Cali (109) posted falls for the young Hornets. Mat t Gregory posted the only pinned for Hanover Township in a 91-22 rout by Roxbury . Gregory decked Richard Kunz in the 102-pound confrontation while Pat Bannon added six team points when he was awarded a forfeit win in the 137- pound weight division. C.J. Engleberger picked up four team points when he registered a major decision over Charlie Bautz in the 98-pound bout. Hanover Park 60 - Pequannock 42 at Pequannock. 50 - R.J. DeGeorge (Pequannock) won by forfeit; 54 - Alfonse Scala (Hanover Park) pinned Tyler Van Dyke (Pequannock); 58 - Jeff Canfora (Hanover Park) decision Bobby Weiss (Pequannock); 62 - Lou Mascolo (Hanover Park) won by default Sean Afflitto (Pequannock); 66 - Nick Ardolino (Hanover Park) decision Michael Rebi sh (Pequannock); 70 - Nick Leider (Hanover Park) pinned Michael Michowlowski (Pe quannock); 74 - John Centanni (Hanover Park) pinned David Anderson (Pequannock); 78 - Nick Serritella (Hanover Park) decision Lee Delancy (Pequannock); 82 - Chr is Whetham (Pequannock) decision Jake Gribert (Hanover Park); 86 - Ryan Thibault (Hanover Park) pinned Sean Johnson (Pequannock); 90 - no bout; 94 - Jude Tropon o (Pequannock) decision Ron Landy (Hanover Park); 98 - Dario Marcelli (Hanover P ark) pinned James Currey (Pequannock); 102 - Vin Sidoli (Hanover Park) decision Peter Tropono (Pequannock); 109 - Rob Cali (Hanover Park) pinned Derek Prol (Peq uannock); 116 - Ryan Lopez (Pequannock) pinned Bob Grogan (Hanover Park); 123 - Frank Garcia (Pequannock) pinned Mat Enderle (Hanover Park); 130 - McPaul Agbonn a (Hanover Park) won by forfeit; 137 - Jared Smith (Pequannock) pinned Anthony D iMeo (Hanover Park); 147 - Chris Stasiak (Pequannock) pinned Joe Williams (Hanov er Park); 174 - Patrick Boyle (Pequannock) pinned John Capello (Hanover Park). Roxbury 91 - Hanover Township 22 at Hanover Township. 50 - Timmy Garipoli (Roxbury) pinned Max Levinstone (Hanover Township); 54 - Set h Martin (Roxbury) won by forfeit; 58 - Gus Paxos (Roxbury) decision Steve Godin e (Hanover Township); 62 - Mark Prosicki (Hanover Township) decision C.J. Cacert a (Roxbury); 66 - Kevin Prosicki (Hanover Township) decision David Restivo (Roxb ury); 70 - Bryan Palanchi (Roxbury) pinned Scott Barrows (Hanover Park); 74 - Anthony LaRusso (Roxbury) major decision Matt Bizzaro (Hanover Park); 78 - Ryan Fikslin (Roxbury) pinned Al Fidalgo (Hanover Park); 82 - Will LaRusso (Roxbury) pinned Neil Mastrobuono (Hanover Park); 86 - Zach Garipoli (Roxbury) pinned Nick Mangino (Hanover Park); 90 - Jeremy Pascale (Roxbury) won by forfeit; 94 - Donald Bennett (Roxbury) won by forfeit; 98 - C.J. Engleberger (Hanover Township) major decision Charlie Bautz (Roxbury); 102 - Matt Gregory (Hanover Towship) pinned Richard Kunz (Roxbury); 109 - Tim Sisto (Roxbury) won by forfeit; 116 - Chris Ma son (Roxbury) won by forfeit; 123 - Bret Rossi (Roxbury) won by forfeit; 130 - Sean Cope (Roxbury) won by forfeit; 137 - Pat Bannon (Hanover Park) won by forfei t; 147 - Ryan Patterson (Roxbury) won by forfeit; 174 - Santino Mangrino (Roxbur y) won by forfeit.


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Hamilton Verissimo de Oliveira (Engenharia - SPO) wrote: > -----Mensagem original----- > De: Stefano Mazzocchi [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] > > >>Yes, totally. And we already have it working and solved with this new >>container. Why would we trash it to move to JMX? what would that buy us? > > > Would you put an instrumentation layer on it? If yes, then consider JMX. > > Other approach is to have more than one Cocoon core proposal. Well, concrete > proposals. You already have one. Thor could dump some code snippets from his > brain and the community should decide which one is better. I'm all for it, as long as this doesn't slow us down. -- Stefano.
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text: To get from Copertino to Reggio Calabria by train you can catch one of the 5 trains that everyday travel between these two cities. The first train to Reggio Calabria leaves from Copertino at 06:25 and the last train departs at 20:08. If you choose a local train the trip lasts on average 09:00 hours. For your trip from Copertino to Reggio Calabria by train you can choose to leave from one of Copertino main stations: Lecce On Wanderio you can compare all schedules, fares and railway companies to Reggio Calabria and book the best itinerary starting from Copertino.


text:
Sarah_Russi Model
SEStudiosDCPhotographer Male Upper Marlboro, Maryland, US
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About MeI am a craftsman practiced in the art of film photography. My experience originates from a time when resolution was measured in grains of silver rather than pixels. The knowledge gained from the darkroom has provided me with a unique appreciation for today's digital tools.
The past decade has been focused on honing my expertise in marketing and promotions through my service with the United States Air Force. In 2009 I combined those skills with my photographic experience to form Steve Ellmore Studios, better known today simply as SEStudiosDC. In 2012 I retired from the service and have dedicated my time to the art of photography.
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We checked reviews of this hotel and others prior to booking. Had some concerns but there were some good things noted. Our room was clean and of decent size.(we had two queens.) The bathroom is indeed small but the sink is located in the main room. Just the toilet and tub in the restroom area. Small but clean. Hotel staff was very friendly and very helpful. Good location for hotel. Would definitely stay here again. Didn't use the pool area so no knowledge of its condition.
Property: Days Inn CarbondaleAddress: 950 Cowen Dr, Intersection of Hwy 82 and Hwy 133, Carbondale, CO 81623-1583
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Location: United States > Colorado > Carbondale
Business Center with Internet Access Free Breakfast Free High Speed Internet ( WiFi ) Free Parking Pets Allowed ( Dog / Pet Friendly ) Swimming Pool Wheelchair access
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Hotel Class:2 star — Days Inn Carbondale 2*
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Conceptually a woman's expression of modesty and religious faith, the Muslim headscarf has become symbolic of an entire society's identity or in the case of the West, a way to distinguish Muslims from broader society.
Related: Ban On Muslim Veil In Schools now Threatens France Universities
It is also common to use the hijab as a measure of how 'modern' or 'liberal' a person or country is (especially in the West), which is what tends to happen when articles with the following headlines make their rounds on social media.
"How people in Muslim countries prefer women to dress in public"
And this is where the problem arises.
Pew Research Center published part of a University of Michigan study that looked at how people in seven Muslim-majority countries preferred women to dress in the public space. Using visual references like the picture above, each respondent was asked to choose the woman most appropriately dressed for public. The graph shows the responses of the surveyed individuals.
Based on this graph alone, Turkey and Lebanon are the only two countries where more than a quarter of those questioned think it is appropriate for a woman to not cover her head at all in public.
Firstly, the real study, conducted by the University's Institute for Social Research, focused on public attitudes in Tunisia, the birthplace of the Arab Spring. The data from other Muslim countries in the Middle East was used to draw comparisons.
What people may not understand off the bat is that asking a person in any one of the seven countries what they think is appropriate for a woman to wear in public is not the same as what they want them to wear or what they personally feel women should wear based on some moral scale.
Women living in Muslims countries, such as Pakistan, often wear #5-type attire in conservative localities to feel more comfortable, even though they will find it completely appropriate to not cover their head at all in most other places.
The point is that the answers do not reveal how much freedom women enjoy in their respective countries.
The study itself gives the disclaimer that "based on these findings, it would be hard to connect women's style of dress on the aggregate level to a country's level of development and modernity."
However, as expected, people discuss inadequate data such as this and draw broad conclusions about whole societies without understanding the depth of the actual study or understanding what the findings mean.
Within the first twelve hours of Pew publishing the study's findings on its site, the article made the front page of Reddit and garnered over 1700 comments.
Thankfully, many Redditorrs questioned the conclusions being drawn from the study. One Danish commentator wrote:-
"It could be that the phrasing of the question makes people think conservatively? "Choose the woman most appropriately outfitted for a public place". I mean, if I was asked, I wouldn't point to the lady wearing uggs and sweatpants - I would point to someone dressed more conservatively, and I'm from Denmark, where "traditional values" are optional.
I think the second graph is just as important: "Should Women be able to choose their own clothing. 22% from Pakistan say Yes"
Related: Poll Shows Egypt Is The Worst Arab Country For Women, Female Genital Mutilation Highest in the World


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SOS: Custom field force.
Hi users,
I need to define a custom field force to my model. I need to rapresent a sinusoidal time dipendenting field force that implys a rotation to my fluid (a torous pipe fuel of fluid).
I thought to a modified gravitational approach or UDF approach. but
Anyone knows what to do?
any ideas.
Thanks for time.
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