text:
Admission Requirements
for Master's Degree Course
- Admissions >
- Application Guidelines [Master's Degree]
*This page currently contains information from last year as a reference. The information for year 2018 entrance examination will be updated around August.
The following is an English translation of relevant information for international students, excerpted from the application procedures in Japanese. Should you require further information, please refer to the Japanese version. Please contact the Admissions Section if you have any questions.
Tama Art University Admissions Policy
Tama Art University welcomes applicants who:
- - are able to establish a way of expression, and create works to a high level with originality;
- - deeply understand art theory with an international perspective;
- - understand the way to express themselves and place their art theory in an academic context;
- - can link the outcomes to here and abroad based on the creation and research processes.
Concept behind the Entrance Examinations
To aim for a higher level in creating works, Tama Art University entrance examinations are designed to deepen the acquired knowledge and skill in arts, design, and art science. The entrance examinations consist of the following to determine the candidate's attitudes to art: essay, interview, and English (only for art science majors). Also, to determine the high level of ability in the special field of study, there is an assessment of portfolios or thesis.
|Japanese Painting
|Oil Painting
|Ceramic, Glass, and Metal Works
|Graphic Design
|Product Design
|Textile Design
|Environmental Design
|Information Design
|Art Science
|Art Science
Applicants must satisfy one of the following requirements:
- Have graduated from university or expect to do so by March 2017.
- Have been conferred a Bachelor's Degree by the National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation or will be conferred a Bachelor's Degree by March 2017.
- Have completed a 16-year program in school education and have conferred a Bachelor's Degree in a country other than Japan, or expect to do so by March 2017.
- Have completed, or will complete by March 2017, a 16-year course of formal education for a foreign country through a correspondence course in Japan which is operated by a foreign school of that country.
- Have completed, or will complete by March 2017, a university course of study in Japan for an educational institution recognized within the educational system of a foreign country and approved by the Japanese Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (limited to those who have completed a 16-year course of formal education in that foreign country).
- Have completed, or will complete by March 2017, a specialized course of study for a higher vocational school which is recognized by the Japanese Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (limited to applicants whose term of study is at least 4 years, and to those who have fulfilled the standards established by the Japanese Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology).
- Be nominated by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Monbukagakusho).
- By means of an individual screening process, satisfy Tama Art University that the applicant has academic abilities equivalent or superior to a university graduate, and will have reached the age of 22 by April 1, 2017.*
- * Those applying under provision 8 should refer to the following URL for further information (Japanese Only):
Applicants with Physical Disabilities
Applicants with physical disabilities requiring assistance at the examination location should call +81-42-679-5602 by September 24, 2016 (Schedule A) or by December 15, 2016 (Schedule B).
Application Period
Schedule A: Design major
September 16 (Friday) to September 26 (Monday), 2016. Applications must arrive by September 26, 2016.
Schedule B: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramic, Glass & Metal Works, Design (Graphic Design only), and Art Science majors
December 7 (Wednesday) to December 16 (Friday), 2016. Applications must arrive by December 16, 2016.
- - Applicants may submit their documents in person to the Admissions Section, Hachioji campus only between 13:00 and 16:00 on September 26, 2016 (Schedule A), or January 5, 2017 (Schedule B).
- - From December 24 (Saturday), 2016 to January 4 (Wednesday), 2017, the admissions section cannot answer inquiries due to the holiday season.
Application Procedures
Please send all the appropriate documents, facing the front, in an envelope Kakugata 2 size (at least 2.4cm x 3.32cm), with the "Envelope sheet" attached.
Designated application form
- Application form.
- Examination ID card, examination ID card counterfoil, and pasted copy of postal transfer form receipt for payment of examination fee.
- Resume.
- Reason for application.
- - Please write in Japanese.
- Examination result notification label.
- - The applicant should write:
Address A (for receipt of examination ID card)
Address B (for notification of examination result)
- - Please fill out in English if you wish to have it sent to outside of Japan.
- - The applicant should write:
- Envelope sheet.
- - The applicant should fill in his or her address, name, telephone number, and black out the box for the applicable major or course. Attach this sheet to an envelope Kakugata 2 size (at least 2.4cm x 3.32cm).
- - If applying from outside Japan, the envelope sheet is unnecessary.
To be prepared by the applicant
- Copy of the examination fee payment receipt (35,000 yen).
Please refer to the application guidelines in Japanese for procedures for paying from within or outside Japan. If paying from within Japan, please pay at the post office using the payment handling form. If paying from outside of Japan, please pay at the bank using overseas remittance.
Examination fees will be accepted from Friday, September 9, 2016 (Schedule A) or Wednesday, November 30, 2016 (Schedule B).
- Photographs (photocopies not allowed).
- - Three identical photographs (4x3 cm) taken during the past three months.
- - The applicant should be shown bareheaded, half-figure, against a plain background.
- - The applicant's name and desired department should be clearly written on the back of each photograph.
- - One photo should be affixed to the application form, one to the examination ID card, and one to the counterfoil of the examination ID card.
- - The picture attached to the application for admission will be used to create the student identification, which you will use during the period of enrollment.
- Graduation certificate (or prospective graduation) and academic transcript from the last school the applicant attended.
- - If the applicant is a university graduate from a foreign country, both certificates must be in either English or Japanese. If the certificates are in another language, please attach the document translated into English or Japanese certified by the public organization or the Japanese language school.
- - If the applicant is a university graduate from a foreign country and the graduation certificate does not contain information on acquirement of a Bachelor's Degree (such as B.A., etc), submit the baccalaureate certificate along with the graduation certificate.
- - Applicants graduated from Tama Art University do not need to submit (including students attending Tama Art University).
- - Submit the copy of the baccalaureate acquired certificate at the time of application if there is only the original certificate (one copy), and bring the original on the date of the examination.
- - Certificates issued through the Internet will not be approved.
- - If the applicant has conferred a degree from a national institution for academic degrees, attach conferment of degree certificate. If the degree is conferred in March 2017, attach acceptance of application on conferment of degree certificate. Also, attach academic transcript of the appropriate college or higher professional school standing for the basic qualifications.
- Academic transcript and certificate of attendance from the last Japanese language school the applicant attended. (Only for international students)
- - Only for applicants who attended Japanese language school within Japan since April 2016.
- - Certificate must contain the official seal of the school.
- - Those who are research students or anticipating graduation from Tama Art University do no need to submit.
- - Both certificates must be in either English or Japanese.
- Copy of passport. (Only for international students)
- - Please submit a copy of the page containing the applicant's photograph.
- Copy of residence card (for international students who reside in Japan).
- - Please submit a copy of the card, both sides.
- - Please submit a copy of both front and back sides, even if the back side is blank.
Important :
- a) A change of major/course will not be accepted after an application is submitted.
- b) Submitted documents and the examination fee will not be returned under any circumstances.
- c) If the applicant's surname or given name differs from that which appears on the submitted diploma, academic transcript, etc., official documentation must also be submitted, stating that the names refer to the same person.
- d) Art science applicants may enclose thesis and works with the application documents.
- e) Please note that if it is discovered that any of the application documents have been falsified or otherwise fraudulently prepared, admission will be cancelled or students will be advised to withdraw from school.
Examination Regulations
- Candidates must enter the examination room at least 30 minutes before the examination begins.
- Candidates who arrive more than 30 minutes after the designated starting time will not be permitted to take the examination.
- In the case of late arrival, the examination period cannot be extended, regardless of the reason for the lateness.
- Candidates cannot enter the examination room without an examination ID card. Please inform the supervisor if you have lost or forgotten your card.
- Candidates must follow the supervisor's instructions during the examination.
- Only candidates can enter the examination building.
- Candidates taking examinations with both morning and afternoon sessions cannot leave the campus between sessions, and should bring their own lunch.
- Borrowing and lending tools or materials is prohibited.
- Candidates should not fill in his or her name nor examination ID on the answer sheet other than in the specified field.
- Candidates can enter only the areas provided for the examination.
- As there are no clocks in the examination rooms, examinees may bring their own watch or clock. Please note that use of a mobile phone, smart watch, or watch/clock with calculator, electronic dictionary, communication or digital still/video camera function is prohibited. Also, clocks with a loud second hand may not be used.
- Mobile phones, PHS and pagers must be switched off during the examination.
- Automobiles cannot enter the campus during the examination period.
- On the day of the examination, applicants should beware of any unauthorized persons in the vicinity of the university or nearby train stations who offer to inform them of the examination results by telephone or telegram.
- In the event of any changes to the information in this booklet, candidates will be notified on the day of the examination.
Examination ID card
- An applicant who does not receive the examination ID card by Wednesday, October 19, 2016 (Schedule A) or by Thursday, January 19, 2017 (Schedule B) should contact the Admissions Section as soon as possible.
- The applicant must retain the card until the entrance ceremony in April.
- The ID card will not be re-issued.
Examination Location
Hachioji Campus, Tama Art University
2-1723 Yarimizu, Hachioji, Tokyo
access to Hachioji campus.
Screening Process
Painting, Sculpture, Ceramic, Glass, and Metal Works and Design Majors
Applicants will be screened on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of submitted works, an essay, an interview, and submitted documents.
Art Science course
Applicants will be screened on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of a submitted thesis, an essay, an English examination, an interview, and submitted documents.
- - Applicants for the Sculpture, Ceramic, Glass, and Metal Works, and Design Majors may choose to write an essay in English (Apply at time of application).
- - Applicants may not bring in dictionaries (Art Science major may bring in dictionary only for the English examination. Electronic dictionaries are not allowed.)
- - The interview is held in Japanese
Examination Schedule
|Oct 23, 2016
|Art Science
|Jan 27, 2017
|Ceramic, Glass & Metal Works
(Graphic Design and Textile Design only)
|Art Science
Works to be submitted, etc.
- Works and portfolio submitted must be accompanied by a certificate (certificate form for submitted works, etc.) from a professor or teacher, etc. of the university that the applicant graduated from to certify that the work was created or authored by the applicant himself/herself. However, those who are research students or anticipating graduation from Tama Art University, and are applying for the same major/course, the applicant does not need to fill in the certificate form.
- Instructions on how to bring in large-size works and other details will be provided when the examination ID cards are sent out.
- If the applicant is unable to submit the works by the specified submission date, the applicant will be disqualified and may not take the examination.
- Inform the admissions section immediately if there are corrections or additions to the details in works submitted at the time of application. However, in case of significant change or short notice before the examination, they may not be accepted.
|Objects to be submitted/number of items, etc.
|Submission date
|Return date
|Japanese Painting
|One or two works by the applicant (size 50 [116.7 cm on a side] or over)
|Jan 27
|Jan 27
|Oil Painting
|One or two works created in the following formats: 2-D work(s) within F200 (259cm x 194cm); 3-D work(s) within 200 cubic centimeters; moving image/video works, etc.
|Jan 26
|Jan 27
|5 printmaking works and portfolio
|Jan 27
|Jan 27
| At least 3 works and portfolio (at least 2 works of photographic documentation excluding works to submit)
|Jan 26
|Jan 27
|Ceramic, Glass & Metal Works
2 works and portfolio
|Jan 27
|Jan 27
|Graphic Design
|At least 3 works (The format is free)
|A:Oct 23
|A:Oct 23
|B:Jan 27
|B:Jan 27
|Environmental Design
|At least 3 works (The format is free)
|A:Oct 23
|A:Oct 23
|Information Design
|At least 3 works (The format is free)
|Product Design
|Portfolio containing at least 3 works (actual works may also be submitted)
|Textile Design
|At least 3 works and portfolio
|A:Oct 23
|A:Oct 23
|B:Jan 27
|B:Jan 27
|Art Science
|A: Thesis
|A:Sep 26
(may also enclose application documents)
|A:Oct 24
(sent by mail)
|B: Thesis
|B:Jan 5
(may also enclose application documents)
|B:Jan 28
(sent by post)
For Design major applicants who bring video works:
- - The media for the videos (up to 3 minutes length) should be one of the following: DVD-Video (region code: free or 2) or present works using a laptop.
- - Playing equipment for the DVD-Video will be provided at the site of the interview.
- - If presenting works using a laptop, bring a VGA display adapter.
- - If desired, applicants will be able to present their works by means of Wi-Fi access to the Internet. Back-up materials should be available in case of technical problems.
Grading Criteria
|Grading criteria
|Painting, Sculpture, Ceramic, Glass, and Metal Works, Design
|Art Science
|Ceramic, Glass, and Metal Works
|Art Science
|Judging of works
|Ceramic, Glass, and Metal Works
|Judging of essays
|Art Science
Notification of Results
Schedule A:
Date and time: 13:00, Wednesday, October 26, 2016
Schedule B:
Date and time: 13:00, Tuesday, January 31, 2017
Announcement method:
- a) All examinees receive notification by mail. The examination notification label is completed at the time of application.
- b) The examination ID numbers of successful examinees are posted on the TAU website
- - Telephone inquiries concerning the examination results will not be acknowledged.
- - Receipt of the examination notification form constitutes formal notification of acceptance.
Admission Procedures
All the necessary forms and the fees should be posted by December 7, 2016 (Schedule A) or February 13, 2017 (Schedule B).
- - For international students, if the immigration authorities reject the application for "authorization of resident eligibility" or "resident status (overseas education)" from February 2017, admission will be automatically canceled. Also, applicants must receive "resident status (overseas education)" by April 1, 2017.
School Fees
Place of Study
Hachioji Campus
2-1723 Yarimizu, Hachioji, Tokyo
Handling of Personal Information
Personal information (name, address, date of birth, etc.) collected for the Tama Art University 2017 entrance examination is used solely for the entrance examination and subsequent administrative procedures. Every effort is made to prevent misuse or leakage of personal information.
Should you have any questions concerning the handling of personal information, please contact us at the address below.
Address for Application and Inquiries
Tama Art University Admissions Section
Hachioji Campus
2-1723 Yarimizu, Hachioji, 192-0394, Tokyo
Tel: +81-42-679-5602
Contact via E-mail: email@example.com
Application form (japanese only)
Information about changes in application procedures.
- - From 2016, Admission Requirements and Application Forms for entrance examinations for the Master's Degree and Doctral Degree courses are available online in digital form (PDF). Please download the necessary documents from the above link (Japanese only).
- - Please print the form (application form, admission ticket, etc.) in A4 format, single-sided (color recommended).
- - It is not possible to sent the application digitally. Please mail the printed application in accordance with the application procedures.
- - If, for any reason, a document can not be printed out or downloaded, please E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com
For those who wish to take the pre-interview for the Master's Degree course, see the below link for further information.
If you wish to meet with professors to consult about the contents of your research plan, please apply using the form below.


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Torture can be a slow, painful process, especially when it is done for art. Sticking knives and pins into a man imprisoned in a cage was certainly no laughing matter for Judith Neilson and Penelope Seidler during their visit to Moscow earlier this year.
"You're wearing this ridiculous clothing and no one was allowed to laugh because everything was done in slow-motion," Neilson says. "If we were sticking pins into him, it would be like this."
Neilson, an arts philanthropist and owner of White Rabbit Gallery, demonstrates the stern look she and Seidler were asked to adopt for their role as torturers in Russian art collective AES+F's latest project Inverso Mundus (World Up-Side-Down).
Neilson and Seidler, an architect and important figure in Sydney's arts scene, travelled to Moscow in May for nine days to participate in the photo and video shoot for Inverso Mundus, a multichannel video and digital collage inspired by medieval engravings.
They were among 30 models, medical students and children enlisted by AES+F for the work, which the group hopes to unveil at next year's Venice Biennale.
"We were privileged because it was so professional," Neilson says. "The organisation and the expense, the trust that they got from everybody and the trust we had in them. It could have gone horribly wrong."
Neilson says the group's vast studio space in Moscow was scattered with torture wheels, cages and stocks custom-made for the project, which imagines a world in which the normal order has been turned on its head.
For their role as torturers, Neilson and Seidler wore designer garb; Seidler was also shot dressed as a hippie.
"The women have power and the men were the underdogs, and the poor were giving to the rich," Neilson says.
AES+F's Tatiana Arzamasova says the concept behind Inverso Mundus sums up the group's sense of the times, reflecting the absurdities and contradictions of modern life.
Neilson and Seidler, a collector of AES+F's work, were visiting the Russian capital last year on a tour organised by the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia when they met up with Arzamasova.
After discussing AES+F's next project with the duo, Arzamasova says: "They all of a sudden told us 'What do you think about we come and you shoot us as characters?'
"We were absolutely happy to invite them. They're both fantastic characters and not only collectors but people who have a really deep art knowledge."
Seidler says she has followed AES+F since her first encounter with their work at the 2004 Biennale of Sydney: "I was fascinated with them and Harry was too. He was quite taken with them," she says.
"I think they're very imaginative. I love their composition and the diversity of their subjects and I think they have a profound message."
AES+F have become darlings of the contemporary art world with sumptuous, highly stylised works such as their Liminal Space Trilogy of films about heaven, hell, and purgatory.
The second instalment, The Feast of Trimalchio, was screened at the 2010 Sydney Biennale. The final film in the trilogy, Allegoria Sacra, which casts an airport as the modern version of purgatory where people wait for the last judgment, was purchased by the Art Gallery of South Australia. An exhibition of statues of black infants with devil's tails was held at Anna Schwartz gallery last year.
Arzamasova formed AES+F with Lev Evzovich and Evgeny Svyatsky in the late 1980s (later adding fashion photographer Vladimir Fridkes). The group has created videos, sculptures and digital projects in sometimes challenging circumstances during the turmoil of post-Soviet Russia.
Their work can be provocative – a 1996 installation, The Islamic Project, featured an image of the Statue of Liberty wearing a burqa..
The group are no fans of Russia's president Vladimir Putin either.
Earlier this year, Evzovitch told The Verge website: "We never make direct conclusions and we never comment on things [that] are obvious.
"We never work with Putin, for example, because he is obviously very bad, so it's not interesting for us."
Seidler, who describes Arzamasova as the "mistress mind" of the group says: "I think they're politically not correct over there. Not fond of Mr Putin."

subset: commoncrawl


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This week, England left the EU. Last week, they announced that the Guardian Children's Books would no longer run. What is the world coming to? Sad face.
I often come across blog posts and social media posts about children's books, and thought I'd start a little monthly link up here – first Tuesday of every month Children's Book Tuesdays. A celebration for all that is glorious in the world of children's books!
If you have a post about children's books you are reading, or children's books you are writing, or maybe about how a children's book inspires you, come and link it here. {Link will open 6.30am EST.} If you aren't a blogger, you might like to tag on social media: #ChildrensBookTuesday
We'll miss the Guardian Children's Books, as it was so good. But maybe we can use this little space to nurture our passion for children's books?
Look forward to seeing you next week!


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The Oasis Apartments occupy a quiet area of Puerto del Carmen, 400 metres from the beach and a 5 minute walk from a selection of shops, restaurants and bars. Puerto Del Carmen has a friendly atmosphere, a vibrant nightlife and a superb beach.
Distance from Airport:
8 miles - Arrecife
All have - bathroom/shower - WC - TV - kitchenette - telephone - kettle - balcony/terrace - (certain amenities may be payable locally)
Transfer time:
15 minutes
Location and Resort:
The Apartments Oasis is located near to the old town where you can experience a touch of culture on your holidays. Puerto Del Carmen's harbour and impressive sandy beach is just 400 metres from the Apartments Oasis. Lanzarote family holidays are perfect because of the blue flag awarded Playa Blanca beach with sands that gently shelve in to the waters, offering a safe environment for kids to splash around in. Other great things to do with the kids include a trip to the Aqua Lanza Water Park and the Rancho Texas theme park.
Why not book a boat trip or island hop to Fuerteventura; you could take the kids on a glass-bottomed boat trip to explore the underwater world. For a bit of retail therapy on your holiday to Lanzarote, head to the capital of Arrecife or why not hire a car and head inland to discover some of the pretty villages. If you're after some non-beach activities on your holidays to Puerto Del Carmen, why not try horse riding, tennis, golf or cycling. With so much choice, make Lanzarote your holiday destination this year.
Eating and Drinking:
The apartments have a bar serving drinks and hot snacks. There is no restaurant in the property but there are several nearby.
Swimming pools:
The apartments have a swimming pool with children`s section.
Right choice:
A holiday at the Apartments Oasis is the right choice for couples and families looking for cheap holidays to Lanzarote with simple accommodation in a quiet area of the resort, within easy reach of the beach and the resort centre.
Suitable for:
Couples and Families
Hotel Cafe/Snack Bar
Hotel Couples
Hotel Families
Hotel Family Room
Hotel Near to beach
Hotel Outdoor Pool
Hotel Pool Bar
Hotel Separate Children's pool
Hotel Swimming Pool
Room Bath/Shower
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|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français
Widespread use of embryonic and adult stem cells for therapeutic applications will require reproducible production of large numbers of well-characterized cells under well-controlled conditions in bioreactors. During the last two years, substantial progress has been made towards this goal. Human mesenchymal stem cells expanded in perfused scaffolds retained multi-lineage potential. Mouse neural stem cells were expanded as aggregates in serum-free medium for 44 days in stirred bioreactors. Mouse embryonic stem cells expanded as aggregates and on microcarriers in stirred vessels retained expression of stem cell markers and could form embryoid bodies. Embryoid body formation from dissociated mouse embryonic stem cells, followed by embryoid body expansion and directed differentiation, was scaled-up to gas-sparged, 2-liter instrumented bioreactors with pH and oxygen control.
Embryonic and adult stem cells are defined by their ability to either self-renew or differentiate into multiple cell lineages. These properties make stem cells attractive as a cell source for cell therapies, tissue engineering, and model systems for drug screening [1]. Successful implementation of stem-cell-based technologies will require the ability to generate, large numbers of cells with well-defined characteristics. Depending on the application, culture systems must be designed to (1) produce expanded stem cells with uniform properties and/or (2) promote controlled, reproducible differentiation into selected mature cell types of high purity.
The key to successful large-scale, long-term cultures is the development of well-defined, controlled conditions for specific culture outcomes. Stirred and perfused bioreactors have a significant advantage over static culture vessels due to the more homogeneous environment and the ability to monitor and control critical culture parameters. However, many challenges remain. For example, the need to provide cells with an adequate oxygen supply must be balanced against the detrimental effects of hydrodynamic shear stress developed in stirred and gas-sparged reactors. Sensitivity to the build-up of metabolic byproducts and associated changes in pH must also be considered. Also, while parameters such as oxygen partial pressure (pO2), pH, and shear stress affect all types of cells, the optimal parameter values will differ for different cell types and objectives (e.g., expansion vs. differentiation). In this review we focus on recent developments (January 2005 to March 2007) in the use of bioreactors for stem cell cultures. We also discuss studies in static culture systems that examined the effects of key parameters and therefore contribute to the development of better defined conditions for stem cell culture in bioreactors.
During the past two years, many studies have evaluated the expansion and/or differentiation of embryonic and adult stem cells using a variety of bioreactors (Table 1). Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were among the first stem cells to be cultured in bioreactors. Two recent studies have confirmed that HSPC expansion is more extensive in stirred or suspended culture [2,3]. In contrast to HSPCs, most bioreactor studies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have employed perfusion of cells embedded within a 3-dimensional (3-D) scaffold. Perfusion produced a more uniform distribution of human or sheep MSCs within the scaffolds [4,5,6•], and MSC expansion was accomplished without loss of multi-lineage differentiation potential [5,7,8]. Also, human bone marrow stroma stem cells expanded and differentiated in perfused 3-D scaffolds were more effective at forming bone after implantation in mice [9].
Several types of tissue-specific stem cells have been successfully cultured as aggregates in stirred reactors using defined serum-free media [10,11••,12,13••,14]. Mouse neural stem cells were expanded in spinner flasks for up to 44 days with subculturing every four days [10]. The growth rate was similar throughout the culture and the expanded cells retained multi-lineage neural differentiation potential in vitro and the ability to engraft in vivo. Mouse neural stem cell culture was scaled up to 500 mL in an instrumented and controlled bioreactor [11••]. Mouse mammary epithelial stem cells were expanded as aggregates (or mammospheres) in spinner flasks [12]. Mouse breast cancer stem cells expanded as aggregates in an instrumented and controlled stirred bioreactor retained the potential for clonal growth, including secondary colony formation [13••]. Culturing pig neonatal pancreatic tissue in spinner flasks led to the production of islet-like aggregates [14]. Although the number of cells decreased during the 9-day culture, the fraction of endocrine cells and the number of insulin-positive cells increased.
Many research groups have employed bioreactors for embryonic stem cell (ESC) expansion and/or differentiation. Expansion of undifferentiated mouse ESCs (mESCs) is conducive to bioreactor culture because feeder layers and conditioned medium are not required if leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is provided. Greater expansion in stirred vs. static systems was demonstrated for mESCs cultured as aggregates [15,16••] and on microcarriers [16••,17•]. The expanded mESCs retained expression of ESC surface markers [15,16••,17•] and the ability to form embryoid bodies [15,16••]. zur Nieden et al. showed that mESCs could be maintained as aggregates in suspension culture for at least 28 days (seven passages) [18•]. mESCs within the aggregates were similar to input mESCs with regard to ESC surface marker expression, embryoid body formation potential, in vitro differentiation into cells types from all three germ layers, and in vivo teratoma formation. Cell-cell interactions between mESCs in aggregates and on microcarriers appear to be mediated in large part by the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin [16••].
Embryoid body (EB) formation from ESCs and the directed differentiation of EBs are typically carried out in static cultures. However, several groups have recently shown that mouse EBs can be formed directly from enzymatically dissociated mESCs in stirred reactors [19••] or a rotary cell culturing system [20]. Mouse EBs can also be formed in stirred vessels by removing LIF from mESC aggregates produced in the same vessels [16••] or by encapsulating mESC aggregates in agarose beads [21••]. After formation, the EBs grew in size and retained the potential for cardiomyocyte differentiation [19••,21••]. Encapsulating EBs has the advantage of preventing EB aggregation. Less extensive mouse EB aggregation can also be obtained by forming the EBs on tantalum scaffolds suspended in a spinner flask [22].
Expansion of undifferentiated human ESCs (hESCs) is more difficult than for mESCs, and has not yet been reported in stirred cultures. LIF does not support the expansion of undifferentiated hESCs, so feeder layers or conditioned medium are typically required. Two recent reports of feeder-free hESC expansion in defined, serum-free media on surfaces coated with laminin [23] or fibronectin [24] improve the prospects for hESC expansion in stirred reactors. In contrast to undifferentiated hESCs, preformed human EBs have been expanded in stirred vessels. Human EBs cultured in stirred vessels exhibited greater cell expansion, more uniform morphology and size distribution, and a similar potential to differentiate into hematopoietic cells, as compared to EBs cultured in T-flasks [25].
Cells in stirred bioreactors are exposed to hydrodynamic shear stress. In the absence of gas bubbles, damage to single cells in suspension or to cells in aggregates or on microcarriers occurs when the turbulent Kolmogorov eddy size has the same order of magnitude as the diameter of a single cell, aggregate, or microcarrier [26]. Since the Kolmogorov eddy size decreases with increasing agitation intensity, cells on microcarriers or in aggregates are affected at much lower agitation rates than single cells. The hydrodynamic shear stress increases with increasing impeller diameter and rpm and also depends on the impeller geometry and location. The shear stress is also increased by the presence of probes and other vessel internals that disrupt radial flow patterns [11••]. Gilbertson et al. showed that stirred cultures of neural precursor cell aggregates can be scaled-up based on the calculated maximum shear stress [11••]. There is an optimal shear stress range for aggregate and embryoid body cultures, with extensive clumping at very low shear stress and cell death at high shear stress [12,13••,15,16••,19••]. Also, stagnation zones that result from suboptimal impeller placement were shown to promote embryoid body aggregation [19••]. Different stem cell types have different optimal shear stress values. For example, the optimal shear stress for mammary epithelial stem cell aggregate culture was 0.21 Pa [12]. In contrast, mESC aggregate cultures had an optimal shear stress of 0.61 Pa, and exhibited extensive clumping at a shear stress of 0.45 Pa [15]. Encapsulation of mESC aggregates in agarose allowed for embryoid body formation and expansion at high agitation rates [21••].
Most stem cell cultures in stirred reactors have been carried out using maximal cell densities and culture volumes that allow for adequate oxygen transfer from the headspace. However, sparging with gas bubbles will be required to achieve adequate oxygen delivery in large-volume, high-cell-density reactors. Sparging causes cell damage because cells attach to the gas bubbles and are subject to high shear stress during bubble rupture [26]. Also, sparging of high-protein-content media produces extensive foam that decreases reactor capacity. Surface-active anti-foams can also minimize cell damage by decreasing cell-bubble attachment, but must be evaluated for stem-cell toxicity. In a significant advance, Schroeder et al. showed that mESC viability was not affected by low concentrations of Antifoam C, and used 0.0125% Antifoam C to successfully scale-up mESC embryoid body formation, expansion and differentiation to a 2-L stirred, sparged, and instrumented reactor with pH and pO2 control [19••].
Studies in static culture systems have generally shown that low pO2 decreases the rate of stem cell differentiation and may also enhance stem cell proliferation. For example, human [27] and mouse [28] ESCs were reported to expand more rapidly under 2–5% vs. 20% O2, and hESC differentiation was decreased under 3–5% vs. 20% O2 [29]. After a short lag period, human MSCs grew more rapidly under 2% vs. 20% O2 and exhibited greater retention of MSC markers and formation of CFU-F when cultured at 2% O2 [30]. Bone-marrow-isolated adult multi-lineage-inducible (MIAMI) cells also exhibited greater expansion, retention of ESC markers, and decreased osteogenic differentiation under 3% vs. 20% O2 [31]. Low pO2 protected hESCs by decreasing chromosomal damage, but also sensitized the hESCs to oxidative damage after a shift back to 20% O2 [27]. MIAMI cell expansion was less extensive under 1% vs. 3–10% O2, although it was still greater than under 20% O2 [31]. This was likely due to oxygen depletion under 1% O2 and emphasizes the point that pO2 experienced by cells in static cultures is less than that in the gas phase. It should also be noted that pO2 within cell aggregates or scaffolds decreases rapidly with the distance from the bulk liquid interface [6•,13••].
Continuous perfusion with fresh or recycled medium increases oxygen transport to cells in culture dishes or within scaffolds. Several investigators reported that perfusion increases MSC density within the interior of 3-D scaffolds [4,5,6•]. Perfusion or frequent feeding also enhances culture performance by replacing depleted nutrients and/or removing inhibitory metabolic byproducts. For example, Cormier et al. attributed the decline in viability of mESC aggregates after 6 days in batch culture to the associated build-up of ammonia (to 2.5 mM) and decrease in pH (from 7.6 to 6.6) [15]. Perfusion, frequent feeding, and/or the use of gas-permeable culture surfaces increased the expansion of MSCs [4,5,6•], ESCs [32,33] and mammary epithelial stem cells [12], while retaining stem cell potential [5,9,32,33]. Under conditions for which oxygen was not limiting, Zhao et al. reported greater human MSC expansion at a lower perfusion rate [7]. Less extensive growth at the higher perfusion rate was attributed to adverse effects of the greater hydrodynamic shear stress. However, since the shear stress was very low, it is also possible that growth inhibition was due to greater removal of growth-promoting factors produced by the MSCs (see [34] for a discussion of interactions between protein secretion and interstitial fluid flow). In other cases, stem cell expansion can be increased by removing inhibitory cytokines produced by their more differentiated progeny, as has been demonstrated for hematopoietic stem cells [35,36].
Studies from the last two years have demonstrated the potential to culture human MSCs and HSPCs, as well as several types of mouse stem cells, for prolonged periods in several types of bioreactors at volumes up to two liters. Expansion of other types of human stem cells in bioreactors under defined conditions remains a challenge. However, the prospects for expansion of undifferentiated hESCs in bioreactors have been enhanced by (1) reports of prolonged mESC expansion in bioreactors and (2) the identification of culture media/cytokine combinations and extracellular matrix components that allow for feeder-free expansion of undifferentiated hESCs in static culture.
Future challenges include the development of optimal culture conditions for various stem cell types and scale-up to large-volume production systems. The benefits of perfusion and frequent feeding have been confirmed by many recent studies. However, optimal values for many culture parameters remain to be identified. For example, it was recently shown that rat MSC differentiation and protection from apoptosis are enhanced at 32°C vs. 37°C [37]. The effects of pO2, pH, temperature, and nutrient concentrations have primarily been investigated in static cultures. However, optimal values for these parameters must be determined in bioreactors under well-defined and controlled conditions. It should also be noted that optimal parameter values will differ for different types of stem cells, as well as for stem cell expansion vs. differentiation to various cell types. Shear effects have been examined for several types of stem cell aggregates, but more detailed research should be carried out for aggregates, as well as for microcarrier culture. Supplying sufficient oxygen to large-scale reactors represents a major challenge and will likely require gas sparging, so it was encouraging to see that a mESC-compatible antifoam allowed for pO2 control via gas sparging in embryoid body cultures. Similar studies remain to be conducted for other types of stem cells.
This work was supported in part by NIH grant HL-074151.
Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
James A. King, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois, Email: ude.nretsewhtron@gnik-semaj.
William M. Miller, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois, Email: ude.nretsewhtron@rellimmw.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


text: Dramatic Entrance Printings/Rarity: Cost: CMC: 5 Card Type: Instant Oracle Text: You may put a green creature card from your hand into play. Flavor Text: Some things aren't worth waiting for. Retrieved from "http://mtg.wikia.com/wiki/Dramatic_Entrance?oldid=67585" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Shadowmoor Rare Cards CMC: 5 Green Instant


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FOR 18 months after a crash, soldier Warren McKinlay thought he was dead.
He was suffering from a condition called Cotard's Syndrome, known as walking corpse syndrome.
It meant Warren was convinced he was somehow experiencing death and did not need to eat or talk.
It was triggered when the recovery mechanic was stationed at RAF Horrington and was out on a motorbike ride with a colleague.
His colleague lost control, sending Warren, 35, veering off into a tree at 60mph.
Warren suffered a traumatic brain injury. He said: "I believed I was in a kind of purgatory and the memory loss and struggling to cope I experienced was a part of that.
"My medical condition was so bizarre, I felt I was literally a dead man walking. It was like I was in a living nightmare."
After the accident, Warren's wife Sarah, who is a mum to their daughter Katie, 11, and son Frazer, four, said he was moved to the high dependency ward at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital.
She said: "We would go and visit Warren and we would be sitting with him for over an hour and he wouldn't say a word to us but as we left he would start talking to someone on the ward straight away.
"It was quite frustrating as we had no idea why he was behaving like that. When Warren was finally discharged, all my time was spent caring for him.
"It was a struggle but I was so thankful to have him home. But he just wasn't himself at all. I remember one day I sat in my car crying as I felt completely alone."
After his daughter, Katie was born in the October, Warren became unable to cope with any noises.
He said: "I wasn't myself at all and couldn't understand it.
"Every time there was a loud noise or Katie would cry I flew into a rage.
"I never hated my child – I loved her from the moment she was born but I would have to leave the house as the noise was like a searing pain in my head."
Warren was sent to the rehabilitation centre, Headley Court, where war veterans receive care.
Warren said: "For some time I'd become convinced I was actually dead.
"I was convinced I didn't have to eat. I'd sit for hours in a room refusing to talk to anyone.
"I'd gone completely into a shell, Sarah was loving and tried everything to help me but I felt I couldn't share what was happening to me."
Specialists diagnosed the rare condition and slowly, with support and therapy, Warren recovered. He also made friends with another soldier who bizarrely had the same rare condition.
In April, Warren was given the opportunity to join Team BRIT, a racing team made up of injured war veterans.
He is now seeking sponsorship in order to fulfill his dream of making history as one of a team of veterans to compete in the Le Mans 24 hour endurance race.
He said: "Team Brit has given me a renewed focus in my life.
"We race all over the country and Europe, in specially adapted hand control karts and it's given me my direction back."
Sarah added: "It's hard to comprehend what Warren has gone through but finally our lives are back on track. Katie often says how proud she is of her daddy.
"She saw him at his lowest, his angriest, and she has seen Warren's transformation over time into a smiling person once again.
"We still both live with brain injury, but Warren has achieved so much I'm incredibly proud of him."
To sponsor Warren go to warrenracing.co.uk.


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Tulsa County Bar Foundation Law School Scholarship
Law Students entering their first-year of school are encouraged to apply for the TCBF Law School Scholarship. Part-time students who are entering their first year are also eligible.
The Tulsa County Bar Foundation is authorized to fund law school scholarships of up to $2,500 per individual per year. The scholarships are intended for the benefit of law students in or from Tulsa County who are accepted to an ABA-accredited law school. The scholarships are offered and administered without discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, national origin, gender or disability.
While the scholarships are intended for the benefit of law students from Tulsa County, the Foundation recognizes that a student from Tulsa County may attend a law school outside Tulsa County and that students from other locations may attend law school in Tulsa County. The test for eligibility for consideration for a Foundation scholarship is therefore whether the student has "a significant connection" to Tulsa County in the judgment of the Foundation's Scholarship Committee.
An award made to a first year student may be renewed in each of the following years in law school. The total funding offered to any student shall not exceed three times the amount of his or her first scholarship, and the distribution of such funding shall be over a time period not exceeding four years. Although each recipient will need to re-apply for the scholarship each year, the expectation is that the scholarship will be renewed each year if satisfactory academic performance has been achieved, the student is otherwise eligible, and funding is available.
In selecting scholarship recipients, the Foundation will consider the applicant's connection with Tulsa County; financial need; academic record; extra-curricular record and record of leadership and initiative; commitment to the study and practice or teaching of law; character; and work and life experience. Financial information for the applicant's household and that of the applicant's parents is necessary to evaluate financial need. Recipients will be selected by members of the Scholarship Committee of the Foundation. The decisions of the Committee are final.
Requirements for Eligibility
To be eligible to receive a Foundation scholarship, an applicant must meet all of the following requirements:
- The applicant must be an entering first-year law student in the 2017 academic year. Students who have completed one or more semesters of law school are not eligible. Applicants who are part-time law students also must be starting law school in the 2017 academic year to be eligible.
- At the time of submission of the application, the applicant must have achieved undergraduate grades in the top 50% of the applicant's college undergraduate class and have LSAT scores in the top 50% of the LSAT testing pool.
- The applicant must be a citizen of the United States and have a significant connection to Tulsa County. In determining this factor the Scholarship Committee will weigh past or current residency in Tulsa County, attendance at Tulsa County schools, intention to attend law school in Tulsa County, significant business or family connections in Tulsa County, or some combination of the above.
- Immediate family members of any member of the Board of the Foundation (including executive director) or of the Scholarship Committee are not eligible to receive a scholarship.
Before receiving scholarship funds, recipients will be required to demonstrate admission to and plans to enroll in an ABA-accredited law school. Students who leave law school after accepting scholarship funds will be required to return all or a proportional amount of scholarship funds received during that academic year.
View/Download the 2017 TCBF Scholarship Application
A Completed Application Includes
- A completed application form, signed and dated by the applicant.
- Copies of federal income tax forms for applicant and parents.
- A personal statement.
- At least two letters of recommendation.
- A copy of the applicant's undergraduate transcript.
Applications must be postmarked no later than July 15, 2017, and should be submitted to:
Tulsa County Bar Foundation
Scholarship Committee
1446 S Boston Ave
Tulsa, OK 74119
If you have any questions about the application,
Please contact Barbara J. Eden, Scholarship Committee Chair, at (918) 699-4082.


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text:
Renovated in 2002, this hotel comprises a total of 247 rooms spread over 5 floors, including 12 suites. Guests are offered a lobby with a 24-hour reception desk, lifts and a safe. Further facilities include a newspaper kiosk, car rental and a tour operator. Dining options include a popular bar and a family-style restaurant, with highchairs for children. Business guests are offered various modern seminar facilities. Guests may make use of the Internet access, a launderette as well as room and laundry service. Car parking and garage facilities are on offer outside.
This excellent hotel is located in Buena Park, in the state of California. Countless shops and entertainment venues can be reached in a few minutes on foot. There is a stop for the public transport to be found about 150 m from the hotel. In a number of minutes, guests will arrive at Knott's Berry Farm Theme Park (around 1.5 km away) and Disneyland (roughly 8 km away). The coastal town of Huntington Beach lies around 15 km away and offers a long Pacific beach as well as the ideal opportunity to go surfing. The centre of the metropolis of Los Angeles is around 25 km from the hotel, while the airport is around 55 km away.
The rooms all feature an en suite bathroom with a hairdryer, a direct dial telephone, Internet access, satellite/ cable TV with a radio function, ironing facilities and tea/ coffee making facilities. The air conditioning and heating are individually regulated. The suites are more spacious and additionally include a separate lounge.
Leisure options include a resort-style pool with a Jacuzzi in the hotel grounds along with a sun terrace with sun loungers and parasols. Guests wishing to get more exercise are able to use the gym. The nearest golf course is approximately 8 km away.
Lunch and dinner may be selected from a set menu.
American Express, Diners Club, MasterCard and VISA are accepted as methods of payment.
There is a complimentary shuttle bus service to Disneyland, Knott's Berry Farm and other attractions located in the local area. Up to 4 children under the age of 12 may eat for free with each paying adult.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
Internet access
Tea Coffee
Iron and board
Double bed
King size bed
Individual airconditioned
Individual heating


text:
I applied layers of eyeshadow and after few hours, you can see the horrible lines , dividing your skin and eye shadow. Yes my eyeshadow doesn't last.
So what is the solution? How do you make your eyeshadow last ? The answer is .. ....*ta da* The magic portion: Eye primer. So far, the best one around is the one by Urban decay.
The package is really like a genie in a bottle. You apply the primer before you apply your eyeshadow. The primer has two functions:
1. Your eyeshadow will stay put, it lasts from dawn to dusk
2. It will enhance the eyeshadow colour
So, for the hunger of that magic portion, i went to a southbound tube, instead of a northbound. I decided to use my "house of fraser"(a departmental store on oxford street) voucher from my wedding gifts. I had £10 voucher and the portion costs £9.50. So i walked around for hours looking for other items that i could top up, as i thought that 50 pence was not refundable. Not neccessarily 50 pence worth item, but something that i can top up with the cash, instead of letting house of fraser take away my 50 pence.
So i hang around, enjoying the scene in house of fraser:
people queueing to get their eyebrow thread, yes, instead of plucking your eyebrow, the asians pulll the thread on the eye brow and you eyebrow will get trimmed.
- Me getting a free makeup by Givenchy because they wanted to sell they £25 eyeshadow, which i am not willing to spend, but i got inspired by the colour they used on my lid
- people got tempted into buying a£75 hair straightener, yes, it works via ions and it doesn't dry your hair.
Well you can guess that enjoying doesn't take long. Desperate to not let houes of fraser take away my 50 pence change, i wander around and kept my eyes open for items that would tempt me into spending the other two £10 voucher i had. After few hours of looking and wondering how to use my £30 vouchers in total, instead of £9.50, i still didn't see anything that i like.
So after hours of walking and walking, i finally paid for my magic portion. Wa la, i was given a 50 pence change!
*Duh* if i knew it earlier, i would have left after the enjoying the view and head straight home. I finally reached home at 4 pm after spending 2 .5 hours at that departmental store, reluctant to let go of my 50 pence.
I gained my 50 pence but lost my precious time! Silly me


text:
Learn more about F.C. STUBBINGS & SONS LIMITED. Check the company's details for free and view the Companies House information, company documents and list of directors.
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|Fixed Assets
|£ 7,436,818
|Tangible Fixed Assets
|£ 25
|Current Assets
|£ 977,350
|Provisions For Liabilities Charges
|£ 61,932
|£ 355,487
|Shareholder Funds
|£ 6,955,923
|Profit Loss Account Reserve
|£ 1,895,841
|Revaluation Reserve
|£ 5,050,082
|Called Up Share Capital
|£ 10,000
|Total Assets Less Current Liabilities
|£ 8,231,720
|Net Current Assets Liabilities
|£ 794,902
|Creditors Due Within One Year
|£ 182,448
|Cash Bank In Hand
|£ 223,302
|Stocks Inventory
|£ 398,561
|Share Capital Allotted Called Up Paid
|£ 10,000
|Number Shares Allotted
|20000 Ordinary shares of £1 each
|Investments Fixed Assets
|£ 1,240
|Creditors Due After One Year
|£ 1,213,865
Information about the Private Limited Company F.C. STUBBINGS & SONS LIMITED has been prepared for information purposes only. It is not intended to be nor does it constitute legal advice. This is public information provided by the official company register.


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Human survivability with supply chain disruptions and its effect on populations
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Why have US government agencies, even normally benign ones purchased over a billion rounds of hollow point ammunition?
Is there any reasonable explanation why the Nation Weather Service would need this specialized ammunition?
Why so many rounds? It's more than enough to kill every citizen in the USA?
What are the concerned or even afraid will happen?
Has there ever been a time in history that a nation has armed government officials, not in a law enforcement capacity with weapons?
What are hollow point bullets for? They're not for hunting, not unless there's rhinos walking around the United States that I don't know about. While they could be used for hunting, they're designed to kill people with by expanding or deforming and NOT penetrating and causing collateral damage. In other words, when a bullet is fired, it has a velocity and a mass. The shape of the bullet and the velocity govern how it will strike the target. This kind is meant to strike and not pass through. This causes much more damage, bleeding, permanent wounding, and death.
What do you think would be a plausible reason? Don't just answer with wild theories.
Could it be that the US government fears a lot of enemies of some sort? It stands to reason logically. This particular kind of ammunition is not intended for target practice, and even if there was an extreme need for target practice, why so many rounds?
Who could be the enemies that they fear in such high numbers? While it's possible that they fear, say illegal aliens, there's not a billion of them in the USA (population 311,591,917 ). Illegal aliens are estimated to be 11 million, so a billion rounds would be rather excessive.
Wouldn't be game animals? What could it be? A invasion of the Chinese? Possible, they are numerous, but I doubt the entire population of China is coming, and even if so, why purchase ammunition for government officials instead of the military?
The only population of that amount currently in the US that comes close is out own population. More than 3 bullets for each person. It's deeply troubling. Are they anticipating riots so out of control that they'd need to open fire on men, women, and children?
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This then brought us to the fact that some young folks today are seriously lacking in self sufficiency skills. Our world is made to order. You want food? Call out or go out or tell your personal chef what you want. You need your lawn mowed? Pick up some guy on a corner or sign a contract with a landscape company. You have an apartment to clean? Get a maid. Don't misunderstand me, they are the first to outsource things they need done, but there seems to be a much larger group doing it than when I was a twenty-something. Though I think eating out, for a lot of us, was and is a great social event.
My friend and I also wondered what would happen to children who have no interest in STEM. Would they just be regaled to the back of the room? Will schools still have shop classes and work study programs for those that lack the desire to go to college, but prefer a career as a car mechanic? I am curious to see how our education system handles this considering it needs serious restructuring.
We both agreed that home economics is something that should be brought back into the school system. No, public school should not be where you kid learns life skills, but for all the people who are too busy or who have no idea how to balance a checkbook or do a budget, it would be a life saver for their progeny.
I have posted this video before, but I felt the need to share it once again. It is from 1951 and like all things 50's in the USA, comes across a little hokey, but the main message is clear and should be implemented today. One of my favorite statements made by the narrator in regards to the young ladies observing a nursery school class for child development is at the end of the following paragraph. "Home economics means much more than a career. It's the study of everything that makes up a home. Including those who live there. The girls learn a lot from the children of the nursery school. How habits and attitudes learned at this age are so important in later life. They learn how much depends on getting along with others. For after all, we live in a world where people are more important than things."
We need to remember that.


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Display a Picture of Yourself
In this modern era, there is the increase of robotic Twitter accounts spamming tweets which we all don't like. Providing a picture of yourself as your profile pic ensures all your followers and those that happen to land on your profile page you are a real human and not some stupid robot. This will increase the chance of people following you.
Go for the Head shot!
There will be some Xbox or PS3 enthusiast that will see that as a 'bullet shot to the head' but that is not what I mean. Although having a full body picture will let Twurfers (Twitter surfers) see all of you, it will be more difficult to see your head especially how small the profile pictures are restricted at. You do most of your talking out of your mouth (and I hope not out of your backside!) and as tweets are like you talking, show a picture of your head! This will make followers feel more connected to you like they are having a conversation decreasing the number of followers unfollowing you.
Be Happy!
I have heard people of following others on the mere fact that they like their Twitter profile pic. As strange as it is, it's true. Happy positive pictures of you smiling will encourage people to follow more as they subconsciously think your tweets are going to be all happy and merry too. So make sure to say cheese to the camera!
Make it Simple!
Pictures which are quite complicated having many different colours, backgrounds, objects or people in them will lose the focus off of you making the connection between you and your followers be lost. Take one of my profile pictures which is present in this article. The colours are fairly similar with only three colours present: brown, white and green. The brown and colour of the wall help as they match my skin colour. I also have only one person in the picture centring the focus on me. As well as that, the way in which I'm looking into the distance gives the impression I'm thinking in a positive way, making Twurfers think my tweets will in future be positive tweets.
Don't Change it Frequently Another problem you will face is having the 'perfect profile picture'. There is no such thing and because of that, you will most likely keep changing it to find the 'perfect picture' for your Twitter account. This is a big mistake as although it is still you in the picture, your followers will get confused when they see different pictures of you on their timeline. Sticking to one profile picture creates an image of yourself among Twitter. So don't change it!


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Taxpayers getting hit with additional costs to the schools, plus most refugees receive welfare benefits.
Somali refugee families resettling in Minnesota have spiked over the past few years, resulting in a huge surge of English-language-learner students that school systems have to adjust their entire curriculum and staff for. Today, roughly 20 percent of the St. Cloud school district's 10,000 students are English-language learners, many of them Somalians. Nationwide, nearly 35,000 K-12 students report that they speak Somali at home.
School districts are finding it beyond challenging for any school district to work with English-learners. In addition to the culture and language barriers when dealing with the students and their parents, many of the refugee children have no formal education, even in their own language. Books and pencils are foreign objects to them.
Then there's need to make them feel welcome. The majority are Muslim, and they do not leave their culture behind when they come to America. Schools, and communities, are the ones who must adapt.
Schools are making it so Muslim students have access to private rooms with prayer rugs for the five daily prayers. Districtwide, school lunch menus provide pork-free options for students, and staff members try to spur the newcomer students' interest in sports, culture clubs, and other extracurricular activities. The district has partnered with the University of Minnesota to develop uniforms for female athletes who wear hijab, the headscarves worn by some Muslim girls and women.
To make matters worse, the Minnesota chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) filed a federal civil rights complaint against the St. Cloud school district in 2011, alleging a hostile environment for the district's Somali students that included widespread and frequent harassment based in large measure, on religion.
Bottom line, they want America to feel like Somalia. For some reason, we're granting them their way.
To see more stories like this, sign up below for Dennis Michael Lynch's email newsletter.
Sign up to get breaking news alerts from Dennis Michael Lynch.
NC School Wants to Change Pledge of Allegiance Teaching


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Question about Compaq Presario 5000 PC Desktop
Could updating my vid driver and re setting my virt/mem settings help videos download & play faster w/o "stuttering" frame by frame????
thanks for any input,
Posted by tjfddg on
Check what screensavers or processes you have running in the background.
I had this problem for weeks before I found it was my screensaver automaticly coming on and draining my resources.
Hope this helps.
Posted on Jul 18, 2009
Welcome to fixya.
Since you are able to play the video, New video drivers won't add much to the perfromance.
The stuttering of the video can be of two reasons.
1) If your source cd/dvd or even the file on your comp might have been corrupted.
This can be fixed by geting a new copy of the video or to use some better video players which have a higher error correction.
2) You are running on a low RAM/CPU.
Increasing the Virtual memory can help upto a certain extent but it has a threshold and after which moving the data from Ram to virtual memory and bringing it back to ram will become a overhead to the system and will eventually slow down.
If your system has a very slow processor or has a very low RAM or you are running multiple heavy applications parrellely, Then you may need to go for a system upgrade.
Posted on Feb 07, 2009
SOURCE: I have freestanding Series 8 dishwasher. Lately during the filling cycle water hammer is occurring. How can this be resolved
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click here to download the app (for users in the US for now) and get all the help you need.
Posted on Jan 02, 2017
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