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Review/Dance; Couples on an Assortment of Quests
By JENNIFER DUNNING
Published: March 27, 1993
Dance Theater of Harlem pulled out the dramatic stops on Tuesday night at the New York State Theater, and the audience loved it. The new program opened on a relatively quiet note with Glen Tetley's "Dialogues," a work that celebrates the sleek stretch of ballet bodies and the way the image suggests a kind of frozen flight. It is a look made famous by Mr. Tetley, and it reveals yet another facet of the Harlem dancers. But "Dialogues" is not the best, most focused example of the style.
The ballet starts out on a high, almost summarizing note with a pas de deux danced by Christina Johnson and Eddie J. Shellman that is all stretch, soft lifts and floating turns, with moments in which the dancers seem drawn into the ground. Sometimes pell-mell, sometimes still, the choreography introduces the ballet's second lead couple in an almost lapping way, now seen, now disappeared in a fluid skein of dance.
That second couple, Karen Brown and Keith Saunders, look like a gently questing Adam and Eve. There are big, lyrical circlings for Yvonne Hall and the eloquent Augustus van Heerden. But the tone of the ballet's middle sections is subdued. In the closing pas de deux, Charmaine Hunter galvanizes the ballet, her partner (Dean Anderson) and the space around them with her drive and an appetite for dancing that is typical of the company as a whole but heightened in Ms. Hunter.
The Ginastera score, which featured Norman Krieger as solo pianist, does not give the ballet strong support. But this is Mr. Tetley in an uncharacteristically meandering mood.
There is certainly nothing meandering about Michael Smuin's "Medea," a ballet that is all sturm, drang and colored lights. Those who have seen Martha Graham's searing "Cave of the Heart," set to the same Samuel Barber score, may find Mr. Smuin's treatment of the Greek tragedy melodramatic, although it has an undeniable gut appeal. Lisa Attles was superbly vicious as Medea. Lawrence de Maeyer and Calvin Shawn Landers, playing Medea's doomed sons, hurtled through their beefcake athletics with exactly the right touch of innocence.
Mr. Smuin departs from tradition in his portraits of Jason and Creusa. Donald Williams is the kind of sultry stud one expects of a ballet Jason, but he is also comically swaggering. Creusa, a devious little filly here, is just the one to ensnare and dupe him, and Tai Jimenez plays her for every voluptuous wiggle and come-hither glance. "Medea" was staged for the company by Robert Sund.
In "Ginastera," Billy Wilson has once more created a kind of dance homage to a particular kind of music. Both the dancing and the score have a Spanish flavor, and the ballet looks as crammed and colorful as an antique pinata. Two dances are the heart of the ballet. One is a strange little solo for a sad, meditative senora, danced by Virginia Johnson with the same kind of affecting stiffness and buried wantonness and fear that she brought to the Blue Girl in "Les Biches." The other dance is a pas de deux, danced by Ms. Jimenez and Cedric Rouse, through which Ms. Johnson wanders like a ghost.
"Ginastera" has a not unpleasantly dated look, like one of those little 1940's ballet oddities that one somehow can't forget. And it gave some of the company's most compelling dancers a chance to shine in slightly offbeat ways, among them the imposing Hugues Magen and Ms. Jimenez, a rising star and chameleon interpreter of roles. The lead cast was completed by Mr. de Maeyer, Mr. Landers, Vince Collins and Kellye Gordon. The piano soloist was David LaMarche.
The evening's conductors were Mr. LaMarche and Tania Leon.


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An Ancient Revolution: The Written Word
Unearthing the Bible
The Legacy of David
In the Days of the Prophets
The Story of Hanukkah
Islam and Judaism: From Muhammed to the Ottoman Empire
The Roadmap to the Jewish Golden Age of Spain
Immigration to the Golden Land: Jewish Life in America
Yiddish Culture: From Europe to America
The Shtetl: An Incubator of Jewish Culture
Memory and History
The Origins of Zionism: 19th Century-World War I
The Jewish Calendar
To the Teacher
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
Unit 7
Unit 8
Unit 9
Offering a Distant-Learning Course
In the Days of the Prophets
Learning Activities
Learning Activities
Seal impression from Jerusalem
Source: Material Culture of the Land of the Bible
Before You Begin
Teachers should be sure to explore all bookmarked pages of the DVD-ROM used in this lesson.
Introductory Activity: Who Were the Prophets?
Explain to the class that they are going to be studying the Biblical Prophets of Ancient Israel. Ask students to brainstorm what they know about biblical prophets and capture their ideas on chart paper.
Ask the students what they know about the prophets of ancient Israel:
Who were they?
What did they say and do?
Why were they important?
Leave room for other ideas to be added as the lesson progresses.
Mention to students that, in contrast to the English word prophet, which means "one who predicts the future," the Hebrew word for prophet, "navi," means "spokesman for God." According to Jewish tradition, prophets were chosen by God, sometimes against their will, and were compelled to deliver the divine message, even if they personally disagreed with it or if the people did not wish to hear it.
Learning Activity 1: The World of the Prophets
Most scholars date the emergence of the classical prophets to the middle of the eighth century BCE, approximately 150 years after the death of King Solomon and the division of the monarchy into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. This was a time of religious, political, and social instability, including a growing divide between those of rank and privilege and the common people. The prophets were outspoken critics of the corrupt and irreverent ways of the leadership and the Israelite people.
The division of the monarchy into two kingdoms after King Solomon's death caused many changes within Israelite society.
View the video
, stopping at "And Jerusalem became rubble...."
After viewing the video, ask the class:
What were the social issues of the day that the Prophets were responding to?
What was the role of the Prophets? What did they speak for and against?
What did they warn would befall the Israelites if their evil ways continued?
Allow students several minutes to discuss their answers with a partner.
Reconvene and discuss as a class, adding new information to the list created in the introductory activity. Guide students' attention to notice that prophets condemn crimes against man and against God.
Learning Activity 2: The Words of the Prophets
The classical prophets stressed the importance of justice and morality as opposed to ritual alone. They called for righteous behavior such as caring for the needy and dealing honestly in business. The prophets pleaded with the people to change their behavior, warning that if they didn't do so, they would lose their land and the favor of their God.
Biblical Excerpts
Students will read biblical excerpts (on the screen or in Bibles) and discuss the content of each one, using the questions as a guide.
The texts present four different classical prophets whose messages admonish the leadership and people for social, political, and religious injustices and corruption. After reading the texts, have the students analyze the messages offered by these prophets.
Students should consider the following questions as they read each of the prophetic texts. You may write these questions on the board and have the class answer them together, or you may choose to split the class into groups and use the handout with the questions listed on it.
What social ills does the Prophet talk about?
What criticisms and/or demands does he make?
What consequences does he threaten?
Do you think the prophet's message is presented in a way that would cause the people to listen? Why or why not?
was a humble shepherd who spoke out fearlessly about social injustice (slavery, poverty, war, oppression), the excesses of the rich and their exploitation of the poor, and what he considered a corrupt priesthood.
They Sell the Righteous for Silver
(Amos 2:4-8, 12-13), Amos states that God was aware of all of the immoral and blasphemous acts committed by the Israelites, and divine punishment was inevitable.
Read the text on the left, then read the document.
Discuss the questions in the handout/on the board.
lived in the latter part of the eighth century BCE, during which the Northern Kingdom of Israel fell to Assyria. He harshly criticized political and religious leaders for the injustices of society.
Micah Denounces Wicked Rulers
(Micah 3:1-7, 9-12), Micah describes the corruption and inequity of the Judean people, and prophesies divine punishment for all of Judah's inhabitants.
Read the text on the left, then read the document.
Discuss the questions in the handout/on the board.
lived in the eighth century BCE, a period when Assyria conquered Israel, and Judah survived by agreeing to pay tribute to Assyria. Isaiah's fiery messages warned of disaster, but he also offered visions of peace. The biblical book of Isaiah relates to both the period of the First Temple (chapters 1-39) and the period of the return to the land of Israel following the Babylonian Exile (chapters 40-66). It is believed to include the words of more than one prophet, as most scholars believe later chapters were written two centuries after the prophet Isaiah's death (after the destruction of the Temple in 586 BCE) by an author referred to as the Second Isaiah.
The Song of the Unfruitful Vineyard
(Isaiah 5:1-10), Isaiah uses poetic language to metaphorically compare the people of Judah to God's vineyard, which has not yielded the expected bounty despite the care with which it was planted.
Read the text on the left, then read the document.
Discuss the questions in the handout/on the board.
prophesized during the late seventh and early sixth centuries BCE, during the years before Judah was conquered by the Babylonians. His fiery sermons against the Temple cult of his day nearly resulted in his being killed. He was forbidden to go near the Temple area, his writings were burned, and he was twice arrested by the king; nevertheless, he continued prophesizing about Judah's ultimate demise. Yet Jeremiah is also remembered for his messages of comfort and hope.
A Prophesy of Exile
(Jeremiah 25:4, 8-14), Jeremiah tells the people that God will bring the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar against Judah, resulting in a seventy-year exile of the Judean people in Babylon.
Read the text on the left, then read the document.
Discuss the questions in the handout/on the board.
Comparing the Prophesies
When students have read all the passages, ask the class to review the prophetic messages and consider: What do all of these prophesies have in common? How are they different?
Ask students, based upon the descriptions they've read, whether they think the people and the leadership of Israel and Judah would have listened to the prophets? Why or why not?
Learning Activity 3: The Impact of the Prophets
Ultimately, the predictions of the prophets came to pass, as devastation befell the people of Israel and Judah; however, in the face of great tragedy, the prophets offered hope for the future.
According to Abba Eban, "the people of Judah had been humbled by the sword and they were now to rely on something more powerful than the sword - the power of the word." Ask students what they think this means.
How can words be more powerful than weapons?
Why do you think the "power of the word" would be more effective at that moment in history than it had been prior to the exile?
Read page two of the introductory panel to the
Explore Topic
section for Prophets:
"They preached in public and in private, but most did not commit their words to writing. This was done later by scribes who edited and preserved their sayings--some of the most powerful poetic expressions of all word literature."
The words of the prophets were not written down until much later. Ask the class to consider: what is the benefit of hindsight?
Culminating Activities:
For a class project, have students imagine that they are news reporters for "The Prophetic Times." Student assignments may include news articles reporting from a "neutral" perspective, editorials written by prophets and by Israelite leaders (these would be opposing perspectives), and artwork/cartoons.
Students should cover the political and social situation during the time of the Prophets; the specific concerns, words, and prophetic style of the Prophets; and the location and place of where the prophet is preaching.
For homework, have students memorize selections from a text studied in Activity Two or another biblical text of the same prophets and prepare a dramatic oral prophetic presentation.
In class, students will assume the role of their selected prophet and convincingly and powerfully preach their text, while the listening audience assumes the role of the wealthy and corrupt living in Ancient Israel and/or Judah.
The class can discuss whether or not they would have been persuaded by the particular prophet's message.
Ask students if the method of communication (i.e. written or oral) impacts the effectiveness of the passage. Why or why not?
Extension Activity (Optional): Are There Still Prophets Among Us?
Although the traditional view is that prophesy disappeared with the destruction of the First Temple, there are many people, contemporary scholars and rabbis among them, who believe that there continue to be "prophets" in every generation - people who champion the cause of the needy, who are the "social conscience" of the community.
Note to the teacher:
For more in-depth study, see Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel's books The Prophets and Prophetic Inspiration After the Prophets: Maimonides and Others.
Read to the class the following definitions of a prophet. You may choose to write these quotes on the board or use the handout.
"A prophet is a person who sees the world with the eyes of God, who holds God and humanity in one thought at one time, at all times." (Abraham Joshua Heschel)
"Prophets are men and women who believed they were called to a special task in speaking God's word, and who served as the moral and spiritual leaders of their time." (Rabbi Michael Shire)
Divide students into groups of three to four. Students should:
Read and discuss both of these definitions and discuss the role of the classical prophets.
Have the students think about individuals living in recent times who might be considered modern-day or contemporary prophets (e.g. Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, Ghandi, etc.). Have each group pick one of these people to profile.
Have each group write a brief description of the selected person's achievements and goals.
Have each group explain their choice to the class, including an evaluation of whether the group considers this individual a modern-day prophet.
As a whole class, generate a list of contemporary social issues that the students believe should be addressed by modern-day prophets, and discuss why these issues are of such importance.
You might choose to post these issues in the classrooms as reminders of the ongoing need to find and perhaps BE "prophets" in our day.
The class may decide to undertake a social action project to address one or more of these issues.
Continue to Materials
© 2003-2009 Educational Broadcasting Corporation. All Rights Reserved.


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President Obama has been critical of his foreign policy critics of late, suggesting that they had little to propose other than military intervention. As a sometimes critic, I take exception to that charge, as I rarely support "boots on the ground," but do question the Obama administration both for what it is doing and not doing.
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Today In Black History For February 5th Natalie + Hank [VIDEO]
In 1950, singer Natalie Cole, daughter of legendary singer Nat Cole was born in Los Angeles. Singing professionally at age 11, by 1976 Natalie won Grammy's for New Artist of the Year and Best R&B Female vocalist.
Subscribe to 93.7 WBLK on
In 1934, Henry "Home Run King" Aaron was born on this day.


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Dead men tell no tales. But when the deceased is Chemkuri Azad Rajkumar, the manner of death can speak volumes. The Maoist leader's post-mortem report, which Outlook has now accessed, categorically establishes that he died in a fake encounter. Read along with the FIR and inquest reports, it exposes the elaborate set of lies drawn by the Andhra Pradesh police to explain his death. The claimed encounter, a much-touted "gain" in the UPA government's war against India's "gravest internal security threat", was in fact a cold-blooded execution by the state. Azad, a key player in the planned negotiations with the government, was picked up and shot with a handgun from a distance barely more than the size of an outstretched palm. The official version, that the Maoists were atop a hill and fired at the police party and Azad died when the cops retaliated from down below, just doesn't add up.
The post-mortem on Azad's body, conducted by doctors at the Adilabad district hospital on July 3, two days after the killing, records a 1-cm oval-shaped wound just a few inches above the left nipple where the bullet entered, tore through his heart and exited from the back just between the ninth and the tenth vertebrae. The wound's entry point, the doctor conducting the post-mortem records, had "darkening (and) burned edge" at the "left second intercostal space (the space between two ribs)".
In forensic medicine, which also deals with decoding fatal bullet wounds, the words "darkening, blackening and burning" are revealing. Experts with hundreds of autopsies behind them all say that when there is "burning" associated with a "darkening or blackening" of an entry wound, it can only mean that the victim has been shot from a distance less than 7.5 cm or less—practically point-blank range.
'Near-Shot. Close-Range. Fired From Less Than 7.5 cm.'
Outlook invited three experts to analyse Azad's post-mortem report, without revealing his
identity. All three say Azad was shot from a distance equal to, or less than 7.5 cm
"If there is darkening, blackening and burning around a bullet entry wound, it is caused by the flame, smoke and gunpowder emerging from the firearm. The flame and the gunpowder, due to low mass, cannot travel very far. These residual marks, therefore, strongly suggest a near shot." —Dr Sudhir Gupta, Associate Professor of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology at AIIMS, New Delhi. Has conducted nearly 30 autopsies of police encounter deaths.
"While the report mentions burning, there is no tattooing. But if the deceased was wearing a shirt, then the tattooing could be on the shirt and only the burning is visible. The presence of burning in an entry wound accompanied by tattooing clearly indicates a shot fired from less than 7.5 cm." —Dr B. Umadethan, Former head of the department of forensic medicine, and police surgeon, Thiruvananthapuram Medical College. Author, Principles and Practice of Forensic Medicine.
The oval-shaped wound shows that the bullet was fired at an angle. It is almost certain that the bullet was fired at extremely close range. The weapon used was a handgun and not a rifle like AK-47. My guess is that the bullet that killed this person was fired from a .38" (9 mm) pistol." — Retired Director of the Central Forensic Sciences Laboratory, Chandigarh, an expert on wound ballistics and the author of several books on ballistics who requested anonymity.
To get a better interpretation and assessment of the observations in the post-mortem report, Outlook gave a copy of it to three of the country's top forensic medicine and wound ballistic experts in three different cities. To ensure an unbiased and objective assessment, only the contents of the report were made available to them, the victim's name was not revealed. All three agreed that the probability of a close-range shot, perhaps even less than 7.5 cm, was very, very high.
Dr Sudhir Gupta, a gold medallist in medicine and currently an associate professor of forensic medicine and toxicology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi, is considered an authority in his field. He is also an expert on encounter deaths, having handled 30 such cases. After going through the Azad post-mortem, Gupta summarised that a very "near shot" had killed the victim.
Silent knight: Gadar singing at Azad's funeral at Punjagutta (Photograph by P. Anil Kumar)
"No way can firing from below go down a person's chest and exit like that," says Azad's doctor brother.
He explains: "When there is darkening, blackening and burning around a firearm bullet entry wound, then it is caused by the flame and smoke of gunpowder emerging from the gun. These residual marks strongly suggest a near (close-range) shot. The burning is caused by a flame that has no mass. So, it travels a very short distance from the gun and therefore can only cause a burn if the shot is fired from close range. The gunpowder residue which hits the body at near range penetrates the skin and causes the darkening. Please note that the flame and the gunpowder, due to low mass, cannot travel very large distances." However, exercising the customary caution of a professional, Gupta advocates "test-firing of the gun with the type of ammunition that was used in the original shooting for an accurate assessment of the range of fire".
The second expert Outlook approached is a name students of forensic medicine are all too familiar with. Dr B. Umadethan is the former head of the department of forensic medicine and a police surgeon at the Medical College of Thiruvananthapuram. His book, Principles and Practice of Forensic Medicine, is a standard text for forensic students. A cautious man, Umadethan makes it very clear that it is difficult and even dangerous to form an opinion from the available data. But he finds the "darkening and burned edges" intriguing. "Usually, a very close-range shot, less than 7.5 cm, leaves behind three telltale marks: the entry wound is burnt; it has a halo tattoo from the unburned gunpowder and blackening created by the smoke. If the deceased is wearing a cotton shirt, then the gunpowder tattoo can be left behind on the cloth. But a burn along with these other indications definitely indicates a very close-range shot."
"If they kill the very man sent to talk with the Maoist leadership, who do we talk with?" asks Swami Agnivesh.
A third expert who comes with formidable qualifications requested anonymity. A former director of the Central Forensic Sciences Laboratory in Chandigarh, he is an expert on wound ballistics and has authored several books on the subject. "The darkening of the wound's edge could be due to dirt and deposit of power residues and contusion, but when accompanied by burnt edges, it's almost certain that the bullet was fired at extremely close range and the weapon used was a handgun, not a rifle like the AK-47. It causes a wound of almost similar dimension but inflicts much more damage to the tissue. My guess is that the bullet was fired from a .38" (9 mm) pistol," he says.
If the post-mortem report exposes the police claims, then the FIR, lodged on a complaint filed by Circle Inspector Raghunandan Rao on July 2, is an even greater exercise in self-contradiction. It states that the police received a tip-off from the state intelligence police about a 20-25-strong Maoist squad infiltrating into the Wankedi forests from the Maharashtra side. Rao's team, equipped with night vision devices, found the squad in the midst of hundreds of acres of forests in the dead of the night on July 1. The police claim they challenged the squad, but came under intense fire. The cops too retaliated; the exchange of fire lasted 30 minutes. When the firing stopped, Rao led his team towards the hilltop to halt and rest for the night. Early next day, he resumed his search and stumbled upon two unidentified bodies, each with their individual kit bags, an AK-47 and a 9-mm pistol. One body was Azad's; the other victim was a freelance journalist, Hemchandra Pandey.
Not only do the first series of contradictions emerge here (see Holes in the Dark), the FIR and inquest report are unable to answer two more key questions:
Swami Agnivesh, who had been asked by Union home minister P. Chidambaram to initiate talks with the Maoists in search for peace, is a perplexed man. "If they kill the very man who was carrying my message to the Maoist leadership in Dandakaranya to begin talks and offer a substantive gesture to show their sincerity, then who do we talk with? Are we keen to end this conflict or are we getting ready for a perpetual war in the heartland of India? When such disturbing facts emerge from the death of such a man, doesn't it merit a decent inquiry?" For a nation at war with itself, the truth is the least it owes itself.
Else, Azad will become the Congress's Sohrabuddin. Like their counterparts in Gujarat (who did not budge till the Supreme Court stepped in), the Centre and the state are in denial about Azad and attempting to bury uncomfortable facts. Like in the Sohrabuddin encounter, there is trickery involved in Azad's death too. The Maoist ideologue, from all credible accounts, had been drawn out for peace talks. Only, instead of allowing him to speak, the government silenced him forever.
Haunted Hows
I am not a Maoist sympathiser, but you do not kill a messenger even if he's from the enemy side (Death by Inches..., Sep 6). Azad had come to talk peace. If we kill the Maoists who want peace, we will be left only with their killing machine. We need to understand that the Maoists are our own people—who have taken up arms against landlords and multinationals on behalf of the poor—not Pakistanis or Arabs.
Amit, Srinagar
Even in death, Azad's shown how skewed the State is.
Varun Garde, Bangalore
I disagree with Azad's ideology but he, like anybody else in India, had a right to an opinion, even if it was different from my own. I also believe that no group, Maoist, terrorist or otherwise, has a right to impose violence on another. However, I can differentiate between a group that unleashes violence against innocent people and one that fights the State for the cause of the people. That is the main difference between a terrorist and a rebel, between a Hafiz Mohammed Sayeed and a Chemkuri Azad. As much as I'd have liked to see Azad being brought to justice, it is galling when the State itself should have demonstrated such blatant contempt of a citizen's constitutional rights, especially the most moral of them all, the right to life. When we give our government the leeway to commit such inhuman acts and impinge with impunity on our basic rights, how do we then stand up to the likes of Azad on moral grounds and denounce their methods?
Swapna Rao, Washington DC
Irrespective of country and time, the State has always been wary of its citizens, especially when they ask too many questions. I also believe that the government wants to keep this gravest threat alive, as it allows interested parties to siphon out public money in the form of allowances and grants that are being allocated to the affected areas. It's business as usual.
Prithwijit Majumdar, Bangalore
The sudden and violent death of Maoist ideologue Azad, especially when he was talking peace, is shocking. P. Chidambaram apparently gave Swami Agnivesh a cold shoulder when he went to meet him to demand a probe into Azad's killing by the AP police. The media must expose the Congress's double game forthwith. On the one hand, its leaders in the upa establishment are unwilling for a judicial probe into the 'encounter'; on the other, they are patting Mamata's back for sympathising with the deceased Maoist. Did the home minister, caught up in his Op Green Hunt, have the peace-minded Azad—who was well-regarded even beyond Maoist circles—'taken out' lest he lose his case for a ruthless attack on the Maoists, who he and the media in cahoots with the capitalist class have lustily portrayed as India's enemies? And yes, Arundhati was right when she said "what Islamic terrorism is to the bjp, Maoist terrorism is to the upa". Both blood-thirsty parties think everything is fair in the war with their enemies.
Viswanath V., Kurnool, AP
Bullet for a bullet is the best policy for those who do not obey the law but, when cornered, suddenly discover democracy and human rights.
Gopinath, Bangalore
This man waged war on the Indian State, why are we wasting media space on him? This is nothing but cheap politics!
Rakesh Krishnan, Kigali, Rwanda
Sohrabuddin and Azad are criminals and deserve no mercy or inquiry. There is so much hue and cry over the rights of these criminals, what about the rights of the policemen who do a thankless job of policing the nation against all odds? A media trial on every encounter would only demoralise the forces and they will become wary of taking action against any criminal. And an inchoate force will lead to lawlessness and anarchy; a situation the Maoists would love.
Sudharshan, Chennai
These are the very people who don't bat an eyelid before killing innocents in the name of 'ideology'; now they whine when they are at the receiving end. Violators of human rights deserve no rights.
G. Natrajan, Hyderabad
I have no sympathy for a terrorist. Period.
Ravi Jain, Hyderabad
Those who live by the gun die by the gun. Azad chose this path and his belated attempt to negotiate for peace cannot absolve him of a lifetime of misdeeds.
Prakash Kumar, New Delhi
I lost all hope for this country after reading some of the comments made to justify the execution of an innocent human being by India's corrupt police.
Babu, Bangladesh
We should not make accusations based on half-known truths, but do whatever we can to ascertain facts. Otherwise, it will only demoralise our already weakened police force.
Vinay Gowda, Mangalore
So what if Azad was killed in cold blood? Don't these Maoists kill innocents in cold blood, citing government negligence to justify their acts?
S. Devi, on e-mail
It is really shocking that Outlook should bat for Azad who was a lifelong Maoist leader. All Maoists are anti-national and their goal is to overthrow democratic government. Azad was no different.
Lakshminarasimhan, Chennai
Looking at some of the online responses to this article, it appears that we as a people have lost what made India and Indians different—the ability to really live and let live—and even find reasons to pardon even the worst offenders. In fact, today we are becoming like those who offend us.
Atul Chandra, Mumbai
Murder is not new to the state. Since it took place in the jungles, the State even put up a pretence of filing an fir.
Sundararajan, Chennai
Given the notoriety of the suspect, it is hard to believe that this would have happened without the knowledge of the pmo or the home ministry.
Amit Joshi, Pune
Fake encounters are not the answer to solving a law and order problem. If the State is engaging in this kind of behaviour, what are they trying to enforce? The rule of law?
Puneet, San Francisco
The killing of the poor or tribals goes unreported most often. The government justifies their killing of them by pinning the label of Naxals on them. The death of Azad needs thorough investigation.
Deepak, on e-mail


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I am a very open hearted and romantic person with very wide personality and deep nature. I love jazz and rock'n'roll, dancing and reading books by Maugham for instance=) I talk a lot, by the way.. a typical girl from a good middle class family: musical school, dancing classes, sports.
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Need partner: 25 - 35 years old
I want to find a guy who knows exactly what he wants. I would like to find my soul mate for future life together.Or good friends.


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Thursday, 21 August 2008
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Festival guests
Filmmakers are the lifeblood of the Festival and we are delighted to welcome our filmmaker guests to attend screenings for introductions and/or Q&A sessions with the audience.
Below is a list of people we are expecting to welcome to talk about their film. Filmmaker schedules are subject to change, and not all our guests are able to attend all their screenings. Whichever screening you attend we hope you enjoy the LFF experience.
• Headline Galas
• Strand Galas
• Special Presentations
• Official competition
• First Feature competition
• Documentary competition
• Love
• Debate
• Laugh
• Dare
• Thrill
• Cult
• Journey
• Sonic
• Family
• Experimenta
Headline Galas
Opening Night Gala: A United Kingdom
Amma Asante (Belle, A Way of Life) opens the Festival with this impassioned drama depicting an inter-racial romance that changed the world.
- Amma Asante, Director; Laura Carmichael, Cast; Jack Davenport, Cast; James Northcote, Cast; David Oyelowo, Cast / Producer; Rosamund Pike, Cast
Closing Night Gala: Free Fire
Ben Wheatley (High-Rise, Sightseers) returns to close the Festival with this all-guns-blazing bullet opera, starring Brie Larson, Cillian Murphy and Armie Hammer.
- Sharlto Copley, Cast; Cillian Murphy, Cast; Jack Reynor, Cast; Ben Wheatley, Director
American Express Gala: Lion
Dev Patel and Nicole Kidman lead the cast in this rousing true tale of a lost Indian child, adopted by Australian parents, searching for home.
- Iain Canning, Producer; Nicole Kidman, Cast; Dev Patel, Cast
Royal Bank of Canada Gala: Arrival
Amy Adams and Jeremy Renner star as the humans who make first contact with extraterrestrial visitors in this richly textured sci-fi from director Denis Villeneuve.
- Amy Adams, Cast; Jeremy Renner, Cast
Headline Gala: La La Land
Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone channel old-school Hollywood glamour in this bright and playful romantic musical from director Damien Chazelle (Whiplash).
- Damien Chazelle, Director; Marc Platt, Producer
Headline Gala: Manchester by the Sea
Casey Affleck and Michelle Williams shine in this stirring drama from Kenneth Lonergan (Margaret, You Can Count on Me), about a man's painful hometown return.
- Casey Affleck, Cast; Kenneth Lonergan, Director; Michelle Williams, Cast
The May Fair Hotel Gala: A Monster Calls
Patrick Ness' hugely popular book is brought to life, as a young boy's vast imagination enables him to see wonder beyond his tough circumstances.
- J.A. Bayona, Director; Lewis MacDougall, Cast; Liam Neeson, Cast; Sigourney Weaver, Cast
Headline Gala: Nocturnal Animals
Tom Ford (A Single Man) returns with a dark and sophisticated vision of marital power games, starring Jake Gyllenhaal and Amy Adams.
- Tom Ford, Director; Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Cast
Headline Gala: Snowden
NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden is given the Oliver Stone treatment in this thrilling dramatic examination of international surveillance, starring Joseph Gordon-Levitt.
- Eric Kopeloff, Producer; Joely Richardson, Cast; Oliver Stone, Director
The Mayor of London's Gala: Their Finest
Gemma Arterton sparkles in this witty drama set in the world of propaganda filmmaking during WWII, from director Lone Scherfig (The Riot Club, An Education).
- Gemma Arterton, Cast; Sam Claflin, Cast; Bill Nighy, Cast; Lone Scherfig, Director; Rachael Stirling, Cast
Strand Galas
The Autopsy of Jane Doe
The director of cult hit Troll Hunter returns with a morgue-set shocker that will have you screaming in the aisles.
- Fred Berger, Producer; André Øvredal, Director
Bleed For This
The extraordinary true story of Vinny Pazienza, a world championship boxer left with a broken neck after a devastating accident.
- Ciaran Hinds, Actor
The Handmaiden
Park Chan-wook (Old Boy, Stoker) channels Sarah Waters' novel Fingersmith, to create a sumptuous twisty psychological thriller, full of erotic intrigue.
- Park Chan-Wook, Director; Wonjo Jeong, Producer
A compelling Romeo and Juliet-like Indian story of childhood sweethearts whose obsessive love is rekindled just as the heroine is about to be married into royalty.
- Harshvardhan Kapoor, Lead Cast; Rohit Khattar, Producer; Saiyami Kher, Lead Cast; Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Director; Art Malik, Cast; Shyam Ps, Co-Producer; Rajiv Tandon, Producer
French director Bertrand Bonello imagines Paris in a state of apocalypse, in a provocative, troubling response to the contemporary age of terror.
- Amy Adams, Cast; Ellie Bamber, Cast; Bertrand Bonello, Director; Alice Girard, Producer; Armie Hammer, Cast; Finnegan Oldfield, Actor
Toni Erdmann
A lonely prankster father visits his estranged, high-powered consultant daughter, creating a fictional alias to embarrassingly insinuate himself into her stressed corporate life.
- Maren Ade, Director; Sandra Hüller, Lead Cast; Janine Jackowski, Producer; Trystan Pütter, Lead Cast
The happiest creatures in the world find themselves coming under threat when miserable giants want a bit of joy for themselves in this animated treat.
- Walt Dohrn, Director; Mike Mitchell, Director; Gina Shay, Producer
Special Presentations
Andrea Arnold dazzles with a sun-soaked and tune-filled epic about door-to-door teenage magazine sellers travelling the American highways.
- Andrea Arnold, Director; Rachel Clark, Camera; Marisa Clifford, Producer; Sasha Lane, Cast; Lucas Ochoa, Producer
Using dazzling images of Mount Fuji from across the history of photography, the mountain inspires the artist on both a philosophical and romantic journey.
- Fiona Tan, Director
Before the Flood
Leonardo DiCaprio teams up with Fisher Stevens to present an irrefutable and urgent update on the facts about climate change.
- Fisher Stevens, Director
It's Only the End of the World
Another emotionally rich and visually sumptuous melodrama from Xavier Dolan, which picked up the Grand Prix at this year's Cannes.
- Xavier Dolan, Director
Official Competition
Dakota Fanning is a revelation in this brutal revenge tale about a mute midwife in the old American west.
- Martin Koolhoven, Director; Els Vandevorst, Producer
Mohamed Diab's Clash is an unforgettable portrait of Egypt on the brink as rival protestors find themselves locked up in a police van.
- Mohamed Diab, Director
Isabelle Huppert gives an unforgettable performance in Paul Verhoeven's provocative thriller about one woman's unusual response to a violent attack.
- Paul Verhoeven, Director
François Ozon makes a welcome return to the Festival with this sweeping love story set in the aftermath of World War I.
- Paula Beer, Lead Cast; François Ozon, Director
Corruption and Aboriginal exploitation are rife in an Outback town, led by reptilian mayor Jacki Weaver, in Ivan Sen's (Mystery Road) tense new thriller.
- Ivan Sen, Director
Layla M.
Gripping, powerful and nuanced, Mijke de Jong (Bluebird) unpicks the disillusionment that can trigger radicalisation and the complex web of realities that it represents.
- Ilias Addab, Cast; Mijke De Jong, Director; Jan Eilander, Screenwriter; Nora El Koussour, Cast
Based on the play 'In Moonlight Black Boys Look Blue', Moonlight follows Chiron as he finds his identity and sexuality in Miami in the 1980s.
- Mahershala Ali, Cast; Naomie Harris, Cast; André Holland, Cast; Barry Jenkins, Director; Tarell McCraney, Writer; Janelle Monáe, Cast; Trevante Rhodes, Cast
A Quiet Passion
Terence Davies returns with an elegant and deeply moving biopic of poet Emily Dickinson, played with sensitivity and rebellious spirit by Cynthia Nixon.
- Roy Boulter, Producer; Terence Davies, Director; Cynthia Nixon, Cast; Sol Papadopoulos, Producer
Adapted from David Harrower's prize-winning play Blackbird, Rooney Mara and Ben Mendelsohn star in this brilliant and unsettling exploration of a dark and deeply destructive relationship.
- Benedict Andrews, Director; Kathleen Crawford, Casting Director; Patrick Daly, Producer; Jean Doumanian, Producer; Nick Fenton, Editor; Tara Fitzgerald, Cast; David Harrower, Screenwriter; Tobias Menzies, Cast; Steven Noble, Costume Designer; Ruby Stokes, Cast
Your Name
Teenagers Mitsuha and Taki haven't met but find their lives intertwined after the arrival of a comet in this emotionally charged anime.
- Makoto Shinkai, Director
First Feature Competition
Two women are terrorised by an unwanted stranger in this gruelling but stylish bourgeois nightmare.
- Sandra Del Valle Casals, Producer; Daniel Díaz, Producer; Jorge Riquelme Serrano, Director; Gastón Salgado, Lead Cast
A Date for Mad Mary
Dry, sarcastic, maddening Mary must find a date for her best friend's wedding in this Irish feel-good hit for misfits everywhere.
- Seána Kerslake, Cast; Darren Thornton, Director
The gangster genre is given a shrewd feminist makeover in this arresting debut about a young girl embarking on a life of crime.
- Oulaya Amamra, Cast; Houda Benyamina, Director; Déborah Lukumuena, Cast
The Giant
The tender story of Rikard, a severely deformed autistic man whose life is fueled by dreams of sports victory and imaginary worlds.
- Johannes Nyholm, Director
This taut, naturalistic, prize-winning drama about a dutiful son on the brink of an arranged marriage speaks volumes about Tunisia today.
- Mohamad Ben Attia, Director
Lady Macbeth
A defiant, passionate young woman struggles against suffocating societal norms in this exceptional British debut starring the incandescent Florence Pugh.
- Naomi Ackie, Actor; Alice Birch, Scriptwriter; Fodhla Cronin O'Reilly, Producer; Cosmo Jarvis, Actor; William Oldroyd, Director; Florence Pugh, Actor
The Levelling
Debut writer/director Hope Dickson Leach delivers a hugely impressive first feature about a middle class farming family's crisis, set against the backdrop of the Somerset floods.
- Ben Baird, Sound Designer; Kharmel Cochrane, Casting Director; Hutch Demouilpied, Composer; Hope Dickson Leach, Director; Sarah Finlay, Production Designer; Anna Griffin, Co-Producer; Tom Hemmings, Editor; Ellie Kendrick, Lead Cast; Tess Loe, Costume Designer; Rachel Robey, Producer; Nanu Segal, Cinematographer
Two young Polish schoolboys perform acts of extreme violence in this remarkable but incendiary debut feature.
- Bartosz M. Kowalski, Director; Mirella Zaradkiewicz, Producer
Anton Yelchin and Lucie Lucas star in this elegiac and deeply cinematic lovesong to the pains and pleasures of a brief romantic encounter.
- Gabe Klinger, Director; Lucie Lucas, Cast
A young woman discovers an insatiable appetite for flesh in this playful coming of age body horror tale.
- Julia Ducournau, Director; Garance Marillier, Cast
What's in the Darkness
A killer is on the loose in a small town at the same time as a teenage girl is sussing out how womanhood works.
- Jack Lee, Producer; Yichun Wang, Director
What happens when a life of crime offers more opportunity than living an honest life? It's a challenge Ladji faces in this superb drama.
- Daouda Coulibaly, Director; Inna Modja, Lead Cast
Documentary Competition
All This Panic
Seven New York teens emerge from the turbulent 'panic' years into nearly adulthood in this astonishingly intimate documentary.
- Tom Betterton, Cinematographer; Jenny Gage, Director
Chasing Asylum
This topical and brave documentary reveals the shocking Australian immigration policies and the appalling and inhumane treatments inflicted to refugees who reach its shore.
- Eva Orner, Director
David Lynch: The Art Life
An exquisitely textured and reflective documentary about idiosyncratic filmmaker David Lynch, narrated by the man himself.
- Jon Nguyen, Director
The Graduation
A plunge into one of today's most prestigious school of cinema, La Fémis in Paris. Essential viewing for anyone interested in what lies beneath French cinema.
- Claire Simon, Director
An Insignificant Man
A rare documentary insight into the birth and rapid growth of a political party whose mantra is to challenge corruption in the world's largest democracy.
- Manan Bhatt, Editor; Khushboo Ranka, Director; Vinay Shukla, Director
Following her groundbreaking debut Bombay Beach (2013), director Alma Har'el returns with another genre-bending, visually stunning gem about our perception of love and relationships.
- Alma Har'El, Director; Christopher Leggett, Producer
On Call
Filmed in a walk-in service for asylum seekers in an hospital near Paris, This timely documentary captures with great humanity dozens of personal stories.
- Alice Diop, Director
The Space in Between – Marina Abramović and Brazil
A mystical voyage in Brazil in the company of the fearless Serbian artist, Marina Abramović in search of emotional healing. Not for the faint-hearted.
- Marco Del Fiol, Director
An emotionally gripping and visually stunning account of the first American mass school shooting, in Texas in 1966, blending archive, animation and contemporary interviews.
- Megan Gilbride, Producer; Keith Maitland, Director; Josephine McAdam, Lead Cast
The War Show
Charting Syria's spiraling from peaceful uprisings to armed conflict, through the intimate prism of a group of friends.
- Miriam Nørgaard, Producer
After Love
Bérénice Bejo and Cédric Kahn are a couple negotiating the difficult final days of a marriage in this terrific drama from the director of Our Children.
- Joachim Lafosse, Director
The Dreamed Ones
Documentary filmmaker Ruth Beckermann brings contemporary romance to the historical correspondence between postwar poets and lovers Paul Celan and Ingeborg Bachmann.
- Ruth Beckermann, Director
Ethel & Ernest
Raymond Briggs presents an animated tale about his parents Ethel and Ernest who live through major changes during their 40 years of marriage.
- Brenda Blethyn, Cast; Raymond Briggs, Writer; Jim Broadbent, Cast; Camilla Deakin, Producer; Peter Dodd, Animation Director; Ruth Fielding, Producer; Roger Mainwood, Director; Richard Overall, Editor; Luke Treadaway, Cast
This contemporary Roman take on Romeo and Juliet, albeit behind bars, makes the most of its gritty setting in exploring the burgeoning love between two inmates.
- Claudio Giovannesi, Director
The Happiest Day in the Life of Olli Maki
Cannes prize-winning feel-good Finnish boxing biopic. Olli Mäki must decide between the fame and the girl in this gorgeous black and white charmer. A knock-out!
- Juho Kuosmanen, Director; Jamila Wenske, Producer
I Called Him Morgan
Part thriller, part love story and all-out musical treat. A vivid portrait of legendary hard bop trumpeter Lee Morgan, with contributions from jazz greats including Wayne Shorter and Bennie Maupin, from the director of the acclaimed My Name is Albert Ayler.
- Kasper Collin, Director
The fascinating tale of two conjoined twins who make their living out of their unique appearance as singers, but one of them longs to live an independent life.
- De Razza Attilio, Producer; Edoardo De Angelis, Director
The Lives of Thérèse
After appearing in Sébastien Lifshitz's memorable documentary Les Invisibles, Thérèse Clerc, fierce French feminist and activist breaks the last taboo: death.
- Sébastien Lifshitz, Director
Riley Keough and Jena Malone dazzle in So Yong Kim's heart-aching exploration of the complex relationship between two women over several years.
- So Yong Kim, Director
The Reunion
A beautifully performed tale capturing the innocence and exhilaration of first love from Spanish filmmaker Jonás Trueba.
- Jonás Trueba, Director
The Secret Scripture
Irish filmmaker Jim Sheridan returns to his homeland for this heartfelt adaptation of Sebastian Barry's award-winning novel, featuring a terrific cast.
- Rob Quigley, Producer; Vanessa Redgrave, Lead Actress; Jim Sheridan, Director
The Son of Joseph
French writer-director Eugène Green brings his unique vision to this entrancing mix of coming-of-age tale and social satire, as a young man seeks his father.
- Eugène Green, Director
Isabelle Huppert plays a chanteuse who once tasted Eurovision success, who meets a hunky young boxer while working in a pâté factory.
- Alexandra Dondelinger, Associate Producer; Alexandra Hoesdorff, Producer
A gorgeously photographed, teasingly libidinous exercise in latent homoeroticism set over a long hot summer in Buenos Aires.
- Martin Ignacio Farina, Director; Lucas Papa, Actor
The Wedding Ring
A nuanced drama that details what life is like for women in rural Niger.
- Rahmatou Keita, Director; Magaajyia Silberfeld, Lead Cast
You Are My Sunday
Five mates are banned from playing footie on the beach, and emotions run high as they struggle to find a new pitch. A feel-good, buddy-movie from Mumbai.
- Nakul Bhalla, Lead Cast; Milind Dhaimade, Director; Rajul Dhaimade, Producer; Maanvi Gagroo, Lead Cast; Shahana Goswami, Lead Cast; Vishal Malhotra, Lead Cast; Pia Shah, Producer; Varun Shah, Producer; Sandiip Sikcand, Lead Cast; Barun Sobti, Lead Cast; Avinash Tiwary, Lead Cast; Jay Upadhyay, Lead Cast
You Were Never Lovelier
Fred Astaire and Rita Hayworth perform stunning dance numbers in this vibrant musical with a Latin-American touch.
- Grover Crisp, Archivist
A Billion Colour Story
A daring and moving story about a inspirational schoolboy who aims to restore his parents' belief in themselves and in the Indian nation.
- Satish Kaushik, Producer; Padmakumar Narasimhamurthy, Director; Dhruva Padmakumar, Lead Cast; Vasuki Sunkavalli, Lead Cast
An incisive satire for anyone following the farcical turns in contemporary global politics, or attempting to juggle a career with a personal life.
- Fanny-Laure Malo, Producer; Chloé Robichaud, Director
A Day for Women
Egyptian director Kamla Abouzekri's (One-Zero) new film sees worlds collide when Sunday is decreed a day for women at the local swimming pool.
- Nahed El Sebaee, Cast; Elham Shahin, Actor+Producer
The Day Will Come
Searing drama set in a children's home scripted by the creator of The Killing, with top-notch Danish cast including Lars Mikkelsen and Sofie Gråbøl.
- Jesper W. Nielsen, Director
Graduation is a richly crafted family drama, about a father's temptation to involve his daughter in moral compromise, that resonates long after you've seen it.
- Cristian Mungiu, Director
An outstanding restoration of Frederick Wiseman's unforgettably gripping documentary portrait of New York's Metropolitan Hospital.
- Frederick Wiseman, Director
In the Last Days of the City
A frustrated filmmaker roams the streets of pre-revolution Cairo as a city, and a region, teeters on the brink of exploding.
- Khalid Abdalla, Producer/Lead Cast; Tamer El Said, Director; Laila Samy, Lead Cast; Cat Villiers, Producer; Verena Von Stackelberg, Associate Producer
Lo and Behold, Reveries of the Connected World
Werner Herzog, the documentarian grandmaster, returns with an idiosyncratic and original examination of the internet in 10 chapters.
- Werner Herzog, Director
A Moving Image
The 'bougie' invasion of London's Brixton is examined in this probing and stylistically ambitious debut feature.
- Mdhamiri A Nkemi, Editor; Segun Akinola, Composer; Shola Amoo, Director; Rienkje Attoh, Producer; Tanya Fear, Lead Cast; Felix Schmilinsky, Director Of Photography
On the Other Side
A middle-aged nurse in Zagreb receives an unwelcome phone call in this profound analysis of unspoken fears and disguised trauma.
- Zrinko Orgesta, Director
Athens' Olympic Park is now a wasteground, and the teenagers who hang out there engage in dangerous new set of games.
- Sofia Exarchou, Director; Christos V. Konstantakopoulos, Producer; Amanda Livanou, Producer; Livia Neroutsopoylou, Assistant Editor; Klaudia Smieja, Co-Producer; Eleana Tsakiri, Assistan Producer
The Pass
Two 'straight' footballers share a kiss in this powerful chamber piece which opened BFI Flare earlier this year.
- John Donnelly, Screenwriter; Peter Francis, Production Designer; Kurban Kassam, Producer; Duncan Kenworthy, Producer; Lisa McGrillis, Lead Cast; Nico Mirallegro, Lead Cast; Charles Moore, Producer; Ben Williams, Director; Justine Wright, Editor
Jorge Caballero's deeply moving documentary about a mother caring for her gravely ill daughter in a Colombian hospital.
- Jorge Caballero, Director
The Revolution Won't Be Televised
Rama Thiaw's film taps into an example of grassroots political action in Senegal, where a group of disenfranchised activists decide to campaign against that country's elite.
- Rama Thiaw, Director
The Student
Venya's studies of the Bible set him on a course of conflict with Biology teacher Elena in Kirill Serebrennikov's scathing satire on fundamentalism.
- Ilya Stewart, Producer
Ten Years
A dystopian Hong Kong ten years from now is the setting for a provocative series of short stories looking at the territory's future.
- Jevons Au, Director
The Unknown Girl
Compelling, complex realist drama from the Dardenne brothers about a doctor investigating the mysterious circumstances of an unseen caller's death.
- Jean-Pierre Dardenne, Director; Luc Dardenne, Director
Worldly Girl
A distinct coming-of-age tale set, uniquely, within a Jehovah's Witness community and detailing a young woman's relationship with a boy from outside of her community.
- Marco Danieli, Director; Sara Serraiocco, Lead Cast
The troubled life and very public death of Florida anchorwoman Christine Chubbuck, who committed suicide live on air in the summer of 1974.
- Michael C Hall, Actor
Dearest Sister
A rich woman in Laos finds that her encroaching blindness gives her strange and frightening visions, in this bold drama from emerging talent Mattie Do.
- Mattie Do, Director; Helen Lõhmus, Producer; Sten-Kristian Saluveer, Producer; Tambet Tuisk, Actor
The Death of Louis Xiv
The last days of the Sun King, evoked with sombre beauty by Albert Serra. The legendary Jean-Pierre Léaud brings ineffable presence to the title role.
- Albert Serra, Director
Hema Hema: Sing Me A Song While I Wait
A Bhutanese spiritual getaway shows that anonymity can bring out the strangest of impulses, as masked campers go wild in the jungle.
- Pawo Choying, Producer
La noche
Gritty journey through the sexual underbelly of Buenos Aires, with graphic depictions of the highs and lows in one man's quest for intimacy.
- Edgardo Castro, Director
On the Milky Road
Emir Kusturica's latest film is a folkloric tale of doomed love set in the aftermath of a civil war.
- Monica Bellucci, Cast; Aaron Brookner, Producer; Paula Vaccaro, Producer
Ovarian Psycos
Meet the Ovarian Psycos: an East LA bold and unapologetic Riot-Grrrl-meets-Zapatista bike brigade of women of colour.
- Maryann Aguirre, Documentary Subject; Anocha Suwichakornpong, Director
Personal Shopper
Kristen Stewart continues to impress in this enigmatic fashionista ghost story from acclaimed director Olivier Assayas.
- Olivier Assayas, Director
Natalie Portman and bright newcomer Lily-Rose Depp star as two psychic sisters in this visually dazzling and stylistically bold drama set in 1930s Paris.
- Rebecca Zlotowski, Director
The Rehearsal
Alison Maclean (Jesus' Son and Crush) works from Eleanor Catton's debut novel to deliver an intimate film about New Zealand drama students struggling to juggle life and coursework.
- Kerry Fox, Actor; Alison Maclean, Director
Scarred Hearts
Radu Jude's portrait of a young writer confined to a Romanian sanatorium in the late 1930s is a poignant triumph.
- Radu Jude, Director
The Small World of Sammy Lee
Seedy Soho strip-club compere Sammy (Anthony Newley) races to escape the heavies who hunt him in this gritty, engrossing 1960s London thriller.
- Julia Foster, Cast
British teen cinema gets an injection of hallucinogenic imagination, plus a few unicorns and aliens, in Alex Taylor's debut feature Spaceship.
- Nicola Bowen, Producer; Lucian Charles Collier, Lead Cast; Jodie Davidson, Post Production; Alexa Davies, Lead Cast; Tallulah Haddon, Lead Cast; Olivier Kaempfer, Producer; Lara Peake, Lead Cast; Alex Taylor, Director; Lee Twohey, Post Production
The Untamed
Amat Escalante follows up his acclaimed Cannes winner Heli with an arresting social drama cum sci-fi enigma that defies categorisation.
- Fernanda De La Peza, Producer; Amat Escalante, Director
The Worthy
In a dystopian Arab world, a small group of survivors are infiltrated by two visitors, sparking a deadly game where only one shall be chosen worthy.
- Ali F. Mostafa, Director
Middle-aged Natasha grows a tail and falls in love in Ivan Tverdovsky's absurd tale of contemporary Russia.
- Dmitry Groshev, Lead Actor
Barakah Meets Barakah
A humble government official and rebellious vlog star develop a tentative romance amid strict Saudi Arabian cultural taboos in this warm-hearted, slyly subversive romantic comedy.
- Fatima Al Banawi, Lead Cast; Zainab Al Mashat, Co-Producer; Hisham Fageeh, Lead Cast; Mahmoud Sabbagh, Director
Don't Think Twice
A New York improv comedy troupe's hopes of success and fears of failure are tested when one of their number gets his big TV break.
- Mike Birbiglia, Director
Houston, We Have a Problem!
An incredible story of Cold War-era international intrigue, the space race, declassified top-secret documents and a clandestine deal between President Kennedy and Yugoslavia's President Tito.
- Bostjan Virc, Producer; Ziga Virc, Director
The Last Laugh
Documentary examining whether taboo subjects like the Holocaust are ever acceptable material for comedy, including interviews with famous comedians – Mel Brooks, Sarah Silverman - and survivors alike.
- Zdenka Fantlova, Documentary Subject; Ferne Pearlstein, Director
Lost in Paris
Beanpole comedy duo Gordon and Abel return in this ingeniously entertaining story of a librarian searching for her aunt. Misunderstandings and delicious sight gags abound.
- Dominique Abel, Director; Fiona Gordon, Director
An assortment of furry costumed performers battle it out at the World Mascot championships in the new 'mockumentary' from Christopher Guest and his regular crew.
- Christopher Guest, Director
A fading actor can redeem himself by reprising his '80s TV role as a sleuth with a robotic truth-telling eye, to catch a deranged killer.
- Jack Arbuthnott, Producer; Julian Barratt, Screenwriter/Cast; Essie Davis, Cast; Simon Farnaby, Screenwriter; Sean Foley, Director; Laura Hastings-Smith, Producer; Robin Morrissey, Cast; Russell Tovey, Cast
Alice Lowe directs and stars in this riotous tale of a pregnant serial killer, hellbent on revenge.
- Matteo Bini, Editor; Franki Goodwin, Producer; Will Kane, Producer; Alice Lowe, Director; Sean Richard, Producer; Vaughan Sivell, Producer
Women Who Kill
A commitment-phobic true crime Brooklyn podcaster fears that her new girlfriend might have a murderous past in this darkly witty relationship comedy-thriller.
- Ingrid Jungermann, Director
The Young Offenders
Two halfwit Irish teenagers get in over their heads when they plot to steal cocaine washed up on the Irish coast in a drugs bust.
- Peter Foott, Director; Alex Murphy, Lead Cast; Hilary Rose, Lead Cast; Julie Ryan, Producer; Chris Walley, Lead Cast
All of a Sudden
A woman's mysterious death after an impromptu party sets off a dark drama that expertly combines psychological unease, murky morality and social satire.
- Emre Erkmen, Cinematographer; Fabian Massah, Producer; Asli Ozge, Director
Beat the Devil
A dazzling ensemble piece, with a Truman Capote script, that manages to be both dauntingly intellectual and effortlessly charming .
- Angela Allen, Continuity Supervisor; Grover Crisp, Archivist
Le Ciel Flamand
A prostitute with a legal brothel in Flemish-speaking Belgium makes a terrible mistake when circumstances force her to take her little girl to work.
- Jan De Clercq, Producer; Annemie Degryse, Producer; Peter Monsaert, Director; Sara Vertongen, Cast
City of Tiny Lights
A taut, hardboiled crime thriller set in contemporary multicultural London, from the director of Dredd and starring Riz Ahmed.
- Riz Ahmed, Actor; Pete Travis, Director
The rise, fall and rise again of the bad boy of ballet, Ukrainian prodigy Sergei Polunin is captured in the swirling doc with a rocking soundtrack.
- Steven Cantor, Director
Dog Eat Dog
Three ex-cons have two choices: go straight and stay broke or risk their freedom on one last lucrative job, the kidnapping of a baby.
- Paul Schrader, Director
The Ghoul
A British indie crime film of great style and ingenuity, executive produced by Ben Wheatley and starring Tom Meeten and Alice Lowe.
- Jack Guttmann, Producer; Rufus Jones, Lead Cast; Alice Lowe, Lead Cast; Dhiraj Mahey, Producer; Tom Meeten, Lead Cast; Ben Pritchard, Dop; Waen Shepherd, Composer; Gareth Tunley, Director
Hell Drivers
Dodgy goings-on in the macho world of haulage, where adrenaline and testosterone levels run high.
- Peggy Cummins, Cast
A crime-scene photographer must catch a killer with vampirish tendencies and a penchant for old cameras in this gorgeous Malaysian supernatural thriller.
- Dain Iskandar Said, Director; Nandita Solomon, Producer
Kills on Wheels
Two disabled boys find fact and fantasy blurring as they collaborate on a comic book about a paraplegic ex-fire-fighter with a secret life as a hitman.
- Szabolcs Thuróczy, Cast
A middle-aged man diligently and discreetly carries out a job transcribing private telephone calls – until one seems to end in murder.
- Julie Flament, Producer; Thomas Kruithof, Director; Weber Mathias, Producer; Gast Thibault, Producer
Smoke & Mirrors
Suspense abounds in this electrifying political thriller based on the true story of one of Spain's most inscrutable secret agents.
- Francisco Ramos, Producer; Cristina Sutherland, Producer
Trespass Against Us
Brendan Gleason and Michael Fassbender butt heads as father and son in a West Country crime family, to a thrilling soundtrack from The Chemical Brothers.
- Andrea Calderwood, Producer; Michael Fassbender, Cast; Alastair Siddons, Producer; Adam Smith, Director
Blue Velvet Revisited
A meditative documentary collage of film, photographic and audio materials captured on the set on David Lynch's iconic masterpiece.
- Alexander Pecnik, Assistant Director
A struggling voice actor in New York turns to murder in this blackly comic psychodrama from Spanish director Carles Torras.
- Martin Bacigalupo, Lead Cast; Alice Bocchi, Costume Designer; Carles Torras, Director
A Dark Song
Steve Oram and Catherine Walker excel in this occult chamber piece about a grieving mother attempting to contact her deceased child.
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text:
A, A preoperative fluorescein angiogram of patient 2 demonstrates foveal leakage in a petaloid pattern consistent with cystoid macular edema. Note the pooled fluorescence centered temporally in the form of a serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED). B, A fluorescein angiogram of patient 2 taken 1 month postoperatively shows an absence of foveal leakage consistent with resolution of cystoid macular edema, with corresponding collapse of the PED.
A, A high-speed indocyanine green angiogram of patient 2 demonstrates a hypercyanescent retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) lesion, with a retinal feeder arteriole (short arrow) and draining venules (long arrows). The hypocyanescent area is consistent with serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED). B, A high-speed indocyanine green angiogram of patient 2 taken 1 month postoperatively demonstrates absence of perfusion of the RAP lesion through retinal feeder vessels and resolution of PED. Note the improved visualization of the choroidal vasculature underlying the original lesion site.
A, Intraocular scissors are poised to incise the retinal feeder arteriole and the draining venule (each lysis is performed separately). Intraretinal edema and serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) are present. B, After lysis of the retinal feeder vessels, resolution of intraretinal edema and flattening of serous PED are noted after several months. Modified with permission from IRIDEX Corp, Mountain View.
A, A preoperative optical coherence tomograph of patient 3 demonstrates a decreased intraretinal signal in cystoid spaces consistent with cystoid macular edema, overlying a serous elevation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)–choriocapillaris layer consistent with serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED). B, An optical coherence tomograph of patient 3 taken 3 months postoperatively demonstrates resolution of both intraretinal edema and serous PED, with restoration of a normal foveal contour; there is some residual parafoveal thickening of the RPE-choriocapillaris layer, with a normalized contour, as well.
Borrillo JL, Sivalingam A, Martidis A, Federman JL. Surgical Ablation of Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121(4):558-561. doi:10.1001/archopht.121.4.558
© 2017
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains the leading cause of visual loss in adults older than 65 years. Retinal angiomatous proliferation(RAP) is a newly recognized manifestation of exudative AMD that has a poor natural history and demonstrated resistance to treatment with conventional laser photocoagulation. A novel surgical technique has been developed in this pilot series that shows promise in the treatment of this subtype of neovascular lesions. Through specific surgical lysis of the feeding arteriole and draining venule of an RAP lesion, improvement in visual acuity has been noted. This has been correlated with resolution of intraretinal edema and flattening of associated pigment epithelial detachment, which was confirmed by fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and high-speed indocyanine green angiography.
Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) has recently been described in a subset of patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).1 In RAP, the neovascular process originates from the retinal vasculature as opposed to the underlying choriocapillaris, as is seen with typical choroidal neovascularization. On clinical examination, the presence of intraretinal or preretinal hemorrhages associated with retinal vessels that abruptly curve toward the choroid is consistent with RAP. Cystoid macular edema, lipid exudates, and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) may be present.
A classification system has been reported to further subdivide these lesions. Briefly, RAP stage 1 involves the proliferation of abnormal vessels in the intraretinal space, akin to the intraretinal microvascular abnormalities seen in diabetes mellitus. This intraretinal neovascularization often demonstrates retinal-retinal anastomoses and may continue to proliferate and leak. Stage 2 is defined by the presence of intraretinal edema and may be associated with serous PED and/or subretinal neovascularization. In stage 3, retinochoroidal anastomoses are present; associated fibrovascular PED is a late finding and is also seen in RAP stage 3. On fluorescein angiography, RAP appears as purely occult or minimally classic choroidal neovascularization. Standard indocyanine green (ICG) angiography reveals a hot spot in late frames. High-speed ICG angiography allows an accurate identification of the RAP lesion, retinal feeding arterioles, draining venules, and associated retinal-retinal or retinochoroidal anastomoses.1
Unfortunately, patients with RAP have poor visual outcomes after treatment with conventional laser photocoagulation.2- 4 Affected individuals often demonstrate a subacute decrease in visual acuity over the course of several months. Because of the inefficacy of laser photocoagulation and the poor natural history of RAP, alternative treatment options warrant further investigation. Patients with RAP stage 1 may be asymptomatic and remain undetected. Patients with RAP stage 3 often already have a disciform scar with irreversible overlying photoreceptor dysfunction. For these reasons, attention is focused on RAP stage 2. In a small series of patients, we describe a new surgical technique for the ablation of these angiomatous lesions.
Four eyes of 3 consecutive patients were identified from the clinical practice of the vitreoretinal surgeon (A.S.) between May and November 2001. All patients underwent clinical examination, fluorescein angiography (Figure 1), ICG angiography, optical coherence tomography, and high-speed ICG video angiography (Figure 2). Patients were included in the study if they had exudative AMD with RAP stage 2 and associated serous PED, as determined by clinical and diagnostic examination. Snellen visual acuities were obtained preoperatively, 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively, and at least 6 months after surgical intervention.
Patients underwent surgical ablation of RAP retinal feeder vessels at the Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa, and were followed up during a 6-month period. The RAP lesions and their corresponding retinal feeder arterioles and draining venules were identified on still frames from the high-speed ICG angiogram. A tracing was made to serve as a guide for surgical lysis. Lower-order vessels were chosen for ablation to avoid significant inner retinal ischemia. After a standard 3-port pars plana vitrectomy was performed, the posterior hyaloid face was detached and trimmed to the far periphery under wide-field viewing. The high-speed ICG angiogram tracing was used to identify the specific retinal feeder vessels targeted for excision. A partial thickness retinotomy with a 22-gauge needle was made superficial to the vessels; this retinotomy was placed at least 0.5 disc diameters away from the fovea. The RAP feeder vessels were then incised with intraocular vertical scissors (Synergetics, St Charles, Mo), with the arteriole lysed prior to the venule (Figure 3). The infusion pressure was elevated temporarily to ensure hemostasis, and endodiathermy was applied to prevent recanalization.
Patient data are summarized in Table 1. The mean age of the patients was 82 years. All patients were female and had a history of hypertension controlled with medication. Preoperatively, the mean initial Snellen visual acuity was 20/200 as determined by conversion to the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution. Postoperatively, the mean final visual acuity improved to 20/70 at a follow-up interval of 6 to 12 months. Macular thickening resolved in all eyes that underwent RAP ablation(Figure 4), with collapse of associated PED. No eyes developed surgical complications, such as endophthalmitis or retinal detachment, in the postoperative period.
Retinal angiomatous proliferation is a distinct clinical entity in the spectrum of patients with exudative AMD. The presence of an RAP lesion is suggested by preretinal or intraretinal hemorrhage at the point where the macular edema is thickest with or without associated PED. To date, there are no effective treatments for the subset of AMD patients with RAP. We present a novel surgical approach that may benefit patients with this manifestation.
Because RAP lesions, by definition, originate from the retinal vasculature, the focus has been on surgical lysis of the retinal feeding arterioles and draining venules associated with angiomatous proliferation. Patients with RAP stage 2 appear to be the best candidates for this procedure. In this small series of patients who underwent surgical ablation of an RAP lesion, improvement in clinical, angiographic, and tomographic appearance was noted in all cases. Upon successful lysis of the feeding and draining vessels, complete resolution of retinal fluid and PED was generally noted within 7 to 10 days. This translates into a trend toward corresponding improvement in visual acuity. In the current series, the lesions remained closed without recurrence of the RAP.
One theoretical advantage of this surgical approach is that it spares the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), unlike laser photocoagulation. The reduction of macular thickening with preservation of the underlying RPE may allow for better functioning of the overlying outer neurosensory retina. In contrast, it can be argued that localized inner retinal ischemia from retinal vascular ablation may prevent optimal functioning in the distal retina supplied by the ablated vessels. For this reason, lower-order vessels are chosen for ablation to avoid significant inner retinal ischemia. Also, by sparing the RPE, there may be a decreased incidence of typical choroidal neovascularization, which often manifests after conventional laser therapy. Finally, surgical ablation may induce a more permanent closure of feeder vessels with a trend toward decreased recanalization.
Patients with advanced RAP stage 3 may not be good surgical candidates because these lesions have developed anastomoses with the choroidal circulation. The high flow rates through such connections and the depth of vascular ingrowth would likely make this subtype of RAP lesions resistant to surgical lysis.
We acknowledge that the lack of a control group, relatively short follow-up period, and small number of patients are inherent flaws of this study. Nonetheless, surgical lysis of RAP stage 2 lesions appears to be a promising approach to a condition that currently has a poor natural history and no effective treatment. No complications were encountered in this small-group study. A large controlled, prospective trial is needed to ultimately determine the efficacy and safety of surgical RAP ablation.
Corresponding author: Arunan Sivalingam, MD, Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, 840 Walnut St, 10th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
Submitted for publication July 26, 2002; final revision received December 2, 2002; accepted December 26, 2002.


text:
- Main article: Crown Store
- "Used to learn the Ancient Elf crafting style. Requires Rank 1 of any of the Metalworking, Tailoring, or Woodworking passives."
- ―Crown Store description[src]
Crown Motif: Ancient Elf is a crafting pack for The Elder Scrolls Online available on the Crown Store that includes a motif book for Ancient Elf crafting.


text:
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