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Fresh off the success of their recent feature on HBO's Entourage, Basic Vocab calls on Donwill of Tanya Morgan to create the spellbinding smooth joint, "There You Are," the lead track off their upcoming maxi-single. The maxi-single is a taster for their untitled-sophomore EP, scheduled for 2009 release. The lead track, "There You Are," captures with a soulful vibe conducted by Basic Vocab platinum-producer Tony Galvin, as MCs Mental Growth and JL Sorell explore the beauty of romance with precise lyrics and personality. The rest of the maxi-single completes the full spectrum of Basic Vocab's nostalgic soundscapes paired with substantial rhymes: second track unveils the painstaking reality behind politics on "When The Bombs Fall," ending with the appropriate high-energy party banger, "Come Get With It (Remix)," (original version recently featured on HBO's Entourage).
Basic Vocab – "There You Are" featuring Donwill (of Tanya Morgan)


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Citation Edit
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), Pub. L. No. 111-148 (Mar. 2010).
Overview Edit
In March 2010, the President signed into law the Act to provide more Americans with access to affordable health care by January 1, 2014.
The Act calls for a website that helps users find health insurance options, fueled by a comprehensive inventory of both private and public health coverage choices that had never been previously assembled.

subset: commoncrawl


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We have a list of suscribers but we will delete it.
It has 3 unsuscribers.
Can you remember the unsuscribers of this list after we deleted?
We want create a new list but that the unsuscribers from the old one dont be in the new one...
For each list in your account, unsubscribed addresses will automatically be added to a client wide suppression list (unless you change the default settings for the list).
So even if you delete those subscriber lists, the unsubscribed addresses should still remain on the suppression list to prevent them from being resubscribed. Just to make sure, you can double check that the unsubscribes are in fact on the suppression list, and you can also manually add any addresses that shouldn't be emailed.
Super.. Thanks!


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If an item you ordered from TextbookRush does not meet your expectations due to an error on our part, simply fill out a return request and then return it by mail within 30 days of ordering it for a full refund of item cost.
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Description: From the end of Reconstruction and into the New South era, more than one thousand white southern women attended one of the Seven Sister colleges: Vassar, Wellesley, Smith, Mount Holyoke, Bryn Mawr, Radcliffe, and Barnard. Joan Marie Johnson looks at how such educations-in the North, at some of the countryrs"s best schools-influenced southern women to challenge their traditional gender roles and become active in woman suffrage and other social reforms of the Progressive Era South.Attending one of the Seven Sister colleges, Johnson argues, could transform a southern woman indoctrinated in notions of domesticity and dependence into someone with newfound confidence and leadership skills. Many southern students at northern schools imported the values they imbibed at college, returning home to found schools of their own, womenrs"s clubs, and woman suffrage associations. At the same time, during college and after graduation, southern women maintained a complicated relationship to home, nurturing their regional identity and remaining loyal to the ideals of the Confederacy.Johnson explores why students sought a classical liberal arts education, how they prepared for entrance examinations, and how they felt as southerners on northern campuses. She draws on personal writings, information gleaned from college publications and records, and data on the womenrs"s decisions about marriage, work, children, and other life-altering concerns.In their time, the women studied in this book would eventually make up a disproportionately high percentage of the elite southern female leadership. This collective biography highlights the important part they played in forging new roles for women, especially in social reform, education, and suffrage.
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List price: $26.95Copyright year: 2008Publisher: University of Georgia PressPublication date: 4/15/2010Binding: PaperbackPages: 256Size: 5.75" wide x 9.00" long x 0.50" tall Weight: 0.792Language: English
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Dangerous Music Ships DAC ST – Stereo Digital-To-Analog Converter
Dangerous Music is now shipping their DAC ST, a stereo digital-to-analog converter option for their popular Monitor ST controller. The DAC-ST is the first available option in the line for the new Additional Switching System (A.S.S) one-rack space expander which can house up to two banks of two cards each, adding four additional functions switchable directly from the ST-SR remote.
Offering mastering quality on-board stereo D-to-A conversion and digital source switching for Monitor ST, the Dangerous DAC-ST option delivers accurate D-to-A conversion, instantly accessed from the Monitor ST remote control. Integrated digital source switching allows the user to monitor all digital sources through the same converter, which is crucial for critical listening, confidence monitoring and level matching. The DAC-ST takes the guesswork out of any digital monitoring task. Now it's easy to compare a mix to any reference source, without the need to factor in differences in level and sound quality that exist when using several external converters.
All 4 rear-panel digital inputs on the DAC-ST accept AES or SPDIF formats and have active Thru outputs for routing these input signals to other devices. When the user needs to quickly hook up external units such as beat-boxes or keyboards that have an SPDIF output, the front panel dedicated SPDIF input saves crawling behind a rack with a flashlight. Being a truly professional system, DAC-ST can be calibrated to match your chosen studio reference level.
The Additional Switching System is sold as a chassis/power supply set with one or two user-selected options, each option having a specific price. Users can purchase a single option along with a chassis, then purchase a second option later and self-install that card; or purchase a chassis with two options already installed. Several other options are in the works including the "DAC-SR," a 6-channel DAC for surround setups, and a companion to the Monitor SR expansion.
Monitor ST-SR
The Monitor ST-SR focuses on solving monitoring problems associated with DAW-based recording and mixing in studio environments not employing a traditional console. The Monitor ST is a remote-control based input source and speaker switcher with integrated cue and talkback systems, including an onboard headphone power amplifier- all in one rack space. The Monitor SR is a companion one-rack space expansion module providing full 5.1 surround monitoring capability. Studios working in stereo can start with the ST and later expand to surround by adding the SR unit with no equipment redundancy or obsolescence. With the cat-5 connected remote control unit, included with the Monitor ST, engineers can configure and control an entire system from the comfort of the studio's sweet spot.
Dangerous Music's DAC-ST costs $1199 / €925, and includes the integrated power supply unit and expansion chassis with an extra space for a second user-installable option. The Dangerous Monitor ST is $2199 / €1850; and the Dangerous Monitor SR expander will set you back $1499 / €1350. More information on Dangerous Music.


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I have a confession to make: I read (and even monetarily support) Aeon. I know that they publish junk (e.g. Evans has dumped junk on its pages twice), but I think the idea of trying to popularize the recondite for the neophyte is a worthwhile endeavor, even if it occasionally goes awry. I mention this because Aeon has done it again. The editors clearly understand the value (measured in eyeballs) of a discussion of Chomsky. And I was expecting the worst, another Evans like or Everett like or Wolfe like effort. In other words I was looking forward to extreme irritation. To my delight, I was disappointed. The piece (by Arika Okrent here) got many things right. That said, it is not a good discussion and will leave many more confused and misinformed than they should be. In what follows I will try to outline my personal listing of pros and cons. I hope to be brief, but I might fail.
The title of Okrent's piece is the title of this post. The question at issue is whether Chomskyan linguistics is scientific. Other brands get mentioned in passing, but the piece Is linguistics a science? (ILAS), is clearly about the Chomsky view of GG (CGG). The subtitle sets (part of) the tone:
Much of linguistic theory is so abstract and dependent on theoretical apparatus that it might be impossible to explain
ILAS goes into how CGG is "so abstract" and raises the possibility that this level of abstraction "might" (hmm, weasel word warning!) make it incomprehensible to the non-initiated, but it sadly fails to explain how this distinguishes CGG from virtually any other inquiry of substance. And by this I mean not merely other "sciences" but even biblical criticism, anthropology, cliometrics, economics etc. Any domain that is intensively studied will create technical, theoretical and verbal barriers to entry by the unprepared. One of the jobs of popularization is to allow non-experts to see through this surface dazzle to the core ideas and results. Much as I admire the progress that CGG has made over the last 60 years, I really doubt that its abstractions are that hard to understand if patiently explained. I speak from experience here. I do this regularly, and it's really not that hard. So, contrary to ILAS, I am quite sure that CGG can be explained to the interested layperson and the vapor of obscurity that this whiff of ineffability spritzes into the discussion is a major disservice. (Preview of things to come: in my next post I will try (again) to lay out the basic logic of the CGG program in a way accessible (I hope) to a Sci Am reader).
Actually, many parts of ILAS are much worse than this and will not help in the important task of educating the non-professional. Here are some not so random examples of what I mean: ILAS claims that CGG is a "challenge to the scientific method itself" (2), suggests that it is "unfalsifiable" Popper-wise (2), that it eschews "predictions" (3), that it exploits a kind of data that is "unusual for a science" (5), suggests that it is fundamentally unempirical in that "Universal grammar is not a hypothesis to be tested, but a foundational assumption" (6), bemoans that many CGG claims are "maddeningly circular or at the very least extremely confusing" (6), complains that CGG "grew ever more technically complex," with ever more "levels and stipulations," and ever more "theoretical machinery" (7), asserts that MP, CGG's latest theoretical turn confuses "even linguists" (including Okrent!) (7), may be more philosophy than science (7), moots the possibility that "a major part of it is unfalsifiable" and "elusive" and "so abstract and dependent on theoretical apparatus that it might be impossible to explain" (7), moots that possibility that CGG is post truth in that there is nothing (not much?) "at stake in determining which way of looking at things is the right one" (8), and ends with a parallel between Christian faith and CGG which are described as "not designed for falsification" (9). These claims, spread as they are throughout ILAS, leave the impression that CGG is some kind of weird semi mystical view (part philosophy, part religion, part science), which is justifiably confusing to the amateur and professional alike. Don't get me wrong: ILAS can appreciate why some might find this obscure hunt for the unempirical abstract worth pursuing, but the "impulse" is clearly more Aquarian (as in age of) than scientific. Here's ILAS (8):
I must admit, there have been times when, upon going through some highly technical, abstract analysis of why some surface phenomena in two very different languages can be captured by a single structural principle, I get a fuzzy, shimmering glimpse in my peripheral vision of a deeper truth about language. Really, it's not even a glimpse, but a ghost of a leading edge of something that might come into view but could just as easily not be there at all. I feel it, but I feel no impulse to pursue it. I can understand, though, why there are people who do feel that impulse.
Did I say "semi mystical," change that to pure Saint Teresa of Avila. So there is a lot to dislike here.[1]
That said, ILAS also makes some decent points and in this it rises way above the shoddiness of Evans, Everett and Wolfe. It correctly notes that science is "a messy business" and relies on abstraction to civilize its inquiries (1), it notes that "the human capacity for language," not "the nature of language," is the focus of CGG inquiry (5), it notes the CGG focus on linguistic creativity and the G knowledge it implicates (4), it observes the importance of negative data ("intentional violations and bad examples") to plumbing the structure of the human capacity (5), it endorses a ling vs lang distinction within linguistics ("There are many linguists who look at language use in the real world … without making any commitment to whether or not the descriptions are part of an innate universal grammar") (6), it distinguishes Chomsky's conception of UG from a Greenberg version (sans naming the distinction in this way) and notes that the term 'universal grammar' can be confusing to many (6):
The phrase 'universal grammar' gives the impression that it's going to be a list of features common to all languages, statements such as 'all languages have nouns' or 'all languages mark verbs for tense'. But there are very few features shared by all known languages, possibly none. The word 'universal' is misleading here too. It seems like it should mean 'found in all languages' but in this case it means something like 'found in all humans' (because otherwise they would not be able to learn language as they do.)
And it also notes the virtues of abstraction (7).
Despite these virtues (and I really like that above explanation of 'universal grammar'), ILAS largely obfuscates the issues at hand and gravely misrepresents CGG. There are several problems.
First, as noted, a central trope of ILAS is that CGG represents a "challenge to the scientific method itself" (2). In fact one problem ILAS sees with discussions of the Everett/Chomsky "debate" (yes, scare quotes) is that it obscures this more fundamental fact. How is it a challenge? Well, it is un-Popperian in that it insulates its core tenets (universal grammar) from falsifiability (3).
There are two big problems with this description. First, so far as I can see, there is nothing that ILAS says about CGG that could not be said about the uncontroversial sciences (e.g. physics). They too are not Popper falsifiable, as has been noted in the philo of science literature for well over 50 years now. Nobody who has looked at the Scientific Method thinks that falsifiability accurately describes scientific practice.[2] In fact, few think that either Falsificationism or the idea that science has a method are coherent positions. Lakatos has made this point endlessly, Feyerabend more amusingly. And so has virtually every other philosopher of science (Laudan, Cartwright, Hacking to name three more). Adopting the Chomsky maxim that if a methodological dictum fails to apply to physics then it is not reasonable to hold linguistics to its standard, we can conclude that ILAS's observation that certain CGG tenets are falsifiable (even if this is so) is not a problem peculiar to CGG. ILAS's suggestion that it is is thus unfortunate.
Second, as Lakatos in particular has noted (but Quine also made his reputation on this, stealing the Duhem thesis), central cores of scientific programs are never easily directly empirically testable. Many linking hypotheses are required which can usually be adjusted to fend off recalcitrant data. This is no less true in physics than in linguistics. So, having cores that are very hard to test directly is not unique to CGG.
Lastly, being hard to test and being unempirical are not quite the same thing. Here's what I mean. Take the claim that humans have a species specific dedicated capacity to acquire natural languages. This claim rests on trivial observations (e.g. we humans learn French, dogs (smart as they are) don't!). That this involves Gs in some way is trivially attested by the fact of linguistic creativity (the capacity to use and understand novel sentences). That it is a species capacity is obvious to any parent of any child. These are empirical truisms and so well grounded in fact that disputing their accuracy is silly. The question is not (and never has been) whether humans have these capacities, but what the fine structure of these capacities is. In this sense, CGG is not a theory, anymore than MP is. It is a project resting on trivially true facts. Of course, any specification of the capacity commits empirical and theoretical hostages and linguists have developed methods and arguments and data to test them. But we don't "test" whether FL/UG exists because it is trivially obvious that it does. Of course, humans are built for language like ants are built to dead reckon or birds are built to fly or fish to swim. So the problem is not that this assumption is insulated from test and thus holding it is unempirical and unscientific. Rather this assumption is not tested for the same reason that we don't test the proposition that the Atlantic Ocean exists. You'd be foolish to waste your time. So, CGG is a project, as Chomsky is noted as saying, and the project has been successful as it has delivered various theories concerning how the truism could be true, and these are tested every day, in exactly the kinds of ways that other sciences test their claims. So, contrary to ILAS, there is nothing novel in linguistic methodology. Period. The questions being asked are (somewhat) novel, but the methods of investigation are pure white bread.[3] That ILAS suggests otherwise is both incorrect and a deep disservice.
Another central feature of ILAS is the idea that CGG has been getting progressively more abstract, removed from facts, technical, and stipulative. This is a version of the common theme that CGG is always changing and getting more abstruse. Is ILAS pining for the simple days of LSLT and Syntactic Structures? Has Okrent read these (I actually doubt it given that nobody under a certain age looks at these anymore). At any rate, again, in this regard CGG is not different from any other program of inquiry. Yes, complexity flourishes for the simple reason that more complex issues are addressed. That's what happens when there is progress. However, ILAS suggests that contemporary complexity contrasts with the simplicity of an earlier golden age, and this is incorrect. Again, let me explain.
One of the hallmarks of successful inquiry is that it builds on insights that came before. This is especially true in the sciences where later work (e.g. Einstein) builds on early work (e.g. Newton). A mark of this is that newer theories are expected to cover (more or less) the same territory as previous ones. One way of doing this for newbies to have the oldsters as limit cases (e.g. you get Newton from Einstein when speed of light is on the low side). This is what makes scientific inquiry progressive (shoulders and giants and all that). Well linguistics has this too (see here for first of several posts illustrating this with a Whig History). Once one removes the technicalia (important stuff btw), common themes emerge that have been conserved through virtually every version of CGG accounts (constituency, hierarchy, locality, non-local dependency, displacement) in virtually the same way. So, contrary to the impression ILAS provides, CGG is not an ever more complex blooming buzzing mass of obscurities. Or at least not more so than any other progressive inquiry. There are technical changes galore as bounds of empirical inquiry expand and earlier results are preserved largely intact in subsequent theory. The suggestion that there is something particularly odd of the way that this happens in CGG is just incorrect. And again, suggesting as much is a real disservice and an obfuscation.
Let me end with one more point, one where I kinda like what ILAS says, but not quite. It is hard to tell whether ILAS likes abstraction or doesn't. Does it obscure or clarify? Does it make empirical contact harder or easier? I am not sure what ILAS concludes, but the problem of abstraction seems contentious in the piece. It should not be. Let me end on that theme.
First, abstraction is required to get any inquiry off the ground. Data is never unvarnished. But more importantly, only by abstracting away from irrelevancies can phenomena be identified at all. ILAS notes this in discussing friction and gravitational attraction. It's true in linguistics too. Everyone recognizes performance errors, most recognize that it is legit to abstract away from memory limitations in studying the G aspects of linguistic creativity. At any rate, we all do it, and not just in linguistics. What is less appreciated I believe is that abstraction allows one to hone one's questions and make it possible to make contact with empirics. It was when we moved away from sentences uttered to judgments about well formedness investigated via differential acceptability that we were able to start finding interesting Gish properties of native speakers. Looking at utterances in all their gory detail, obscures what is going on. Just as with friction and gravity. Abstraction does not make it harder to find out what is going on, but easier.
A more contemporary example of this in linguistics is the focus on Merge. This abstracts away from a whole lot of stuff. But, it also by ignoring many other features of G rules (besides the capacity to endlessly embed) allows for inquiry to focus on key features of G operations: they spawn endlessly many hierarchically organized structures that allow for displacement, reconstruction, etc. It also allows one to raise in simplified form new possibilities (do Gs allow for SW movement? Is inverse control/binding possible?). Abstraction need not make things more obscure. Abstracting away from irrelevancies is required to gain insight. It should be prized. ILAS fails to appreciate how CGG has progressed, in part, by honing sharper questions by abstracting away from side issues. One would hope a popularization might do this. ILAS did not. It made appreciating abstractions virtues harder to discern.
One more point: it has been suggested to me that many of the flaws I noted in ILAS were part of what made the piece publishable. In other words, it's the price of getting accepted. This might be so. I really don't know. But, it is also irrelevant. If this is the price, then there are worse things than not getting published. This is especially so for popular science pieces. The goal should be to faithfully reflect the main insights of what one is writing about. The art is figuring out how to simplify without undue distortion. ILAS does not meet this standard, I believe.
[1] The CGG as mysticism meme goes back a long way. I believe that Hockett's review of Chomsky's earliest work made similar suggestions.
[2] In fact, few nowadays are able to identify a scientific method. Yes, there are rules of thumb like think clearly, try hard, use data etc. But the days of thinking that there is a method, even in the developed sciences, is gone.


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daknole (464) Scottsdale, Arizona | February 1, 2010| Updated August 3, 2012
Grocery store with above average beer selection. Dont expect much service. It is a grocery store. *UPDATE* they have added quite a large selection of singles in a build-your-own sixer. Nothing crazy, but a lot to choose from.
AZeagle (4) Cave Creek , Arizona | June 9, 2006
This new upscale concept from Fry's features an extensive wine and beer selection with knowledgeable staff. A fairly decent selection of craft beer and imports including Gulden Draak, Grotten Brown, Kwak and much more. This spot looks like it will be a great destination for North Scottsdale beer lovers.


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Maximo Sample Resumes
Please find Maximo Sample Resumes:Read More
Maximo Interview Questions
Maximo Interview Questions Q. How to manage the user login Sessions in Maximo? Procedure: Session Configuration TSRM User session characteristics …Read More
Maximo Tutorial
Maximo Tutorial This Tutorial gives you an overview and talks about the fundamentals of IBM Maximo. Maximo Capabilities:Documented maintenance plans …Read More


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Gregory Ellis Mathis is better known as Judge Mathis of the American arbitration based reality court show of the same name. He was born on 5th of April in the year 1960 in Detroit, Michigan, United States. He is a retired Michigan 36th District Court, television personality and author. He has been with the award winning reality courtroom series Judge Mathis since its premiere where he adjudicates real life small claim arguments within a replicated courtroom set. The long running show airs five days a week and his highly viewed in America. He went to Eastern Michigan University graduating with the B. S. in Public Administration from the Ypsilanti campus. He graduated from the University of Detroit Mercy in the year 1987. Because of his criminal past, he was denied a license to practice law for several years. Finally, in 1995, he was elected to serve as a district court judge for Michigan's 36th District. He has a unique style of judgment, making wisecracks and jokes and takes on a comedic and teasing approach. His verdict is barely questioned as he provides a good explanation before his verdict. In addition to his works as a judge, Mathis wrote a novel Street Judge in September 2008 a book Of Being a Judge to Criminals and Such and his memoir Inner City Miracle.
Mathis is married to Linda Reese since 1985. He met his future wife, after his mother's death, who was a fellow student at EMU. The couple got married without much delay and welcomed their first child, a daughter, Jade on May 1985. They have three more children, daughter Camara, born in October 1987, son Greg Jr. born in January 1989 and a second son Amir, born in July 1990. From the looks of it, he is very unlikely to get a divorce anytime in the future. The marriage has lasted for almost three decades and is bound to last even longer.
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Hurricane Matthew Update: Coast Guard urges Florida Boaters To Stay Off The Water This Weekend
As we prep for Hurricane Matthew's approach to the Florida coast, the Boatsetter team wants to share the US Coast Guard message with our boating community.
The Coast Guard is encouraging boaters Tuesday to stay off the water due to Hurricane Matthew extending through Columbus Day. All boaters and beachgoers are encouraged to monitor weather conditions as the hurricane approaches Florida.
Adverse weather effects generated by Hurricane Matthew are expected to cover up to 500 miles wide. Even recreational boaters and commercial vessels outside of the direct path of the storm are advised to be aware of weather conditions and to take appropriate precautions to stay safe.
"Columbus Day weekend is very popular for our boating community,'ÄĚ said Capt. Megan Dean, Coast Guard Sector Miami commander. 'ÄúAs Hurricane Matthew approaches, people should strongly consider rethinking weekend plans on the water."
The Coast Guard is urging the public to heed these important safety messages:
- Stay off the water.  The Coast Guard's search and rescue capabilities degrade as storm conditions strengthen.  This means help could be delayed.  Boaters should heed weather watches, warnings and small craft advisories. Boaters should not place themselves in danger to get to a boat. Do not try to board a partially sunken boat. Seek salvage assistance from a professional. Storms move quickly and are unpredictable.
- Evacuate as necessary.  If mandatory evacuations are set for an area, the public should evacuate without delay.  Coast Guard personnel and other emergency responders may not be able to evacuate or rescue those in danger during the storm.
- Secure belongings.  Owners of large boats are urged to move their vessels to inland marinas where they will be less vulnerable to breaking free of their moorings or to sustaining damage.  Trailerable boats should be pulled from the water and stored in a place that is not prone to flooding.  Those who are leaving their boats in the water are reminded to remove EPIRBs and to secure life rings, lifejackets and small boats. These items, if not properly secured, can break free and require valuable search and rescue resources be diverted to ensure people are not in distress. Contact local marinas to ask for advice about securing your vessel. Marina operators are knowledgeable and can advise you on the best methods for securing your boat.
- Stay clear of beaches. Wave heights and currents typically increase before a storm makes landfall. Even the best swimmers can fall victim to the strong waves and rip currents caused by hurricanes.  Swimmers should stay clear of beaches until local lifeguards and law enforcement officials say the water is safe.
- Be prepared. Area residents should be prepared by developing a family plan, creating a disaster supply kit, having a place to go, securing their home and having a plan for pets. Information can be found at the National Hurricane Center's webpage.
- Stay informed. The public should monitor the progress and strength of the storm through local television, radio and Internet. Boaters can monitor its progress on VHF radio channel 16. Information can also be obtained on small craft advisories and warnings on VHF radio channel 16.
- Take action now. The effects of a storm can be felt well in advance. Check with local authorities before entering any storm-damaged area.
Information on how to prepare your boat or trailer for a hurricane can be found at the Coast Guard's Storm Center webpage. For information on Hurricane Matthew's progress and hurricane preparedness, please visit the National Hurricane Center's webpage. For breaking news follow us on Twitter @USCGSoutheast. Note: Your Boatsetter team will be available for any questions or concerns, however as the storm approaches, reply time may be longer.
To all Boatsetters in the Florida area: Stay safe!


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Smithfield Fire Department serves the residents and businesses of Smithfield, Hyde Park, Amalga and Benson in northern Utah. Additionally, the department responds on the initial call to structure fires in River Heights, Providence, Logan, North Logan, Richmond and Trenton. The department also responds to all communities throughout Cache County, Utah, and Franklin County, Idaho, when requested through mutual aid contracts.
The department provides fire and emergency medical services. It also manages and staffs the Cache County ambulance system in conjunction with Logan Fire Department.
In addition, the department oversees emergency management for Smithfield, including coordinating preparedness course for the public.
Burn Permits
The process for burn permits has changed. Please click here and follow the links to obtain more information and apply for a permit.
We are always accepting applications from those who want to join the departments. Tests and interviews are conducted twice a year. Pick up an application today at Smithfield City Hall. For more information, call 563-3056 ext. 160.


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Openness to Foreign Investment
Hong Kong pursues a free market philosophy, and the government interferes minimally in the economy. The Hong Kong Government welcomes foreign investment, neither offering special incentives nor imposing disincentives for foreign investors. Hong Kong's well-established rule of law is applied consistently and without discrimination. There is no distinction in law or practice between investments by foreign-controlled companies and those controlled by local interests. Hong Kong is a member of the World Trade Organization in its own right and a separate customs territory. Hong Kong is a duty free port, except for a small number of tariffs on products such as cigarettes and alcohol. There are no quotas or dumping laws.
Foreign firms and individuals are allowed freely to incorporate their operations in Hong Kong, register branches of foreign operations, and set up representative offices without encountering discrimination or undue regulation. There is no restriction on the ownership of such operations. Company directors are not required to be citizens of, or resident in, Hong Kong. Reporting requirements are straightforward and not onerous. Hong Kong's extensive body of commercial and company law generally follows that of the United Kingdom, including the common law and rules of equity. Most statutory law is made locally. The local court system provides for effective enforcement of contracts, dispute settlement, and protection of rights. Formalities are minimal in company incorporation and business registration. Foreign and domestic companies register under the same rules and are subject to the same set of business regulations.
The Hong Kong Government's InvestHK encourages inward investment as a means of introducing new or improved products, processes, designs and management techniques. U.S. and other foreign firms can participate in government financed and subsidized research and development programs on a national treatment basis.
Capital gains are not taxed, nor are there withholding taxes on dividends and royalties. Profits can be freely converted and remitted. Foreign-owned and Hong Kong-owned firms are taxed at the same rate of 16.5 percent of profits. No preferential or discriminatory export and import policies affect foreign investors. Domestic industries receive no direct subsidies.
Foreign investments face no disincentives, such as quotas, bonds, deposits, or other similar regulations. The Hong Kong Code on Takeovers and Mergers (1981) sets out general principles for acceptable standards of commercial behavior.
According to Hong Kong Government statistics, 3,580 regional operations of overseas companies were registered in Hong Kong in 2009. The U.S. has the largest number of regional headquarters and offices in Hong Kong (815 companies), followed by Japan (671 companies) and the United Kingdom (328 companies). The major lines of business of the regional headquarters include wholesale/retail, import/export, finance and banking, manufacturing, and transport and related services.
The Hong Kong Government owns all land, granting long-term leases without transferring title. Local and foreign leaseholders are treated equally. The Government plays a significant role in the housing market: about 50 percent of homes in Hong Kong are rented from the Government or purchased with government assistance at belowmarket rates.
The exceptions to the Hong Kong Government's open foreign investment policy are:
--Broadcasting - Voting control of free-to-air television stations by non-residents is limited to 49 percent. There are also residency requirements for the directors of broadcasting companies.
--Legal Services - Foreign lawyers are able to practice foreign and international law in Hong Kong. Foreign lawyers can apply to take the Hong Kong Bar Examination and, if successful, practice Hong Kong law. Foreign law firms may not hire local lawyers to advise on Hong Kong law, but may themselves become "local" firms after satisfying certain residency and other requirements. They may thereafter hire local attorneys, but must do so on a 1:1 basis with the foreign lawyers. They also can form associations with local law firms.
Hong Kong has a free trade agreement with mainland China, referred to as CEPA, or the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement. CEPA provides tariff-free export to mainland China of Hong Kong-origin goods and preferential access for specific services sectors. The agreement was originally implemented at the beginning of 2004 and has been expanded five times. When the third phase was implemented at the beginning of 2006, all Hong Kong-origin products became eligible for tariff-free access to mainland China. The sixth phase, announced in May 2009, introduced 29 liberalization measures covering 20 service sectors. Service providers in 42 sectors (e.g., logistics, distribution) now enjoy preferential treatment on the mainland. U.S. and other foreign firms with a significant presence in Hong Kong are eligible to take advantage of CEPA concessions to enter the mainland market.
Conversion and Transfer Policies
Conversion and inward or outward transfers of funds for any purpose are not restricted. The Hong Kong dollar is a freely convertible currency that, since late 1983, has been linked via a de facto currency board to the U.S. dollar at an exchange rate that is allowed to fluctuate in a narrow band between HK$7.75 – HK$7.85 = US$1.
Expropriation and Compensation
The U.S. Consulate General is not aware of any expropriation actions in the recent past. Expropriation of private property may occur if it is clearly in the public interest, but only for well-defined purposes such as implementation of public works projects. If this is the case, expropriations are to be conducted through negotiations, in a non-discriminatory manner in accordance with established principles of international law. Due process and transparency are to be observed. Investors in and lenders to expropriated entities are to receive prompt, adequate, and effective compensation. Property may be acquired under the State Land Resumption Ordinance, the Land Acquisition Ordinance, the Mass Transit Railway (Land Resumption and Related Provisions) Ordinance or the Roads Ordinance. These ordinances provide for payment of compensation. If agreement cannot be reached on the amount payable, either party can refer the claim to the Land Tribunal.
Dispute Settlement
The U.S. Consulate General is not aware of any investor-state disputes in recent years involving U.S. or other foreign investors or contractors and the Hong Kong Government. The Hong Kong Department of Justice is also not aware of any such disputes. Private investment disputes are normally handled in the courts or via private negotiation. Alternatively, disputes may be referred to the Hong Kong International Arbitration Center.
The Hong Kong Government accepts international arbitration of investment disputes between itself and investors. Following reversion to Chinese sovereignty on July 1, 1997, Hong Kong applies provisions of the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), known as the Washington Convention, and the New York Convention of 1958 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. Hong Kong has also adopted the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) model law for international commercial arbitration.
In June 2009, the Hong Kong Government introduced a bill to the Legislative Council to reform its arbitration law. The current Arbitration Ordinance provides separate regimes for domestic and international arbitrations. If the bill is passed by the Legislative Council, the Arbitration Ordinance will be replaced by the new law that will unify the domestic and international arbitration regimes. The Hong Kong Government intends to use the new arbitration law to help promote Hong Kong as a regional center for dispute resolution.
Hong Kong and mainland China signed a Memorandum of Understanding in June 1999 on an arrangement parallel to the New York Convention for the reciprocal enforcement of arbitral awards, since the New York Convention, being an international agreement, is no longer applicable to the enforcement of arbitral awards between Hong Kong and mainland China.
Hong Kong's legal system is firmly based on the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary. Courts of justice in Hong Kong include the Court of Final Appeal, the High Court (composed of the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance), the District Court, the Magistrate's Courts, the Coroner's Court, and the Juvenile Court. There are also a Lands Tribunal, Labor Tribunal, and other statutory tribunals.
Performance Requirements and Incentives
Consistent with its principle of "Big Market, Small Government," Hong Kong imposes no export performance or local content requirements as a condition for establishing, maintaining or expanding a foreign investment. Hong Kong offers no special privileges to attract foreign investment. There are no requirements that Hong Kong residents own shares, that foreign equity be reduced over time, or that technology be transferred on certain terms.
All of Hong Kong is a duty-free zone. Subject to non-discriminatory application of excise taxes and restricted entry in some sectors, as noted above, local and foreign firms are free to take advantage of investment opportunities as they arise.
Right to Private Ownership and Establishment
Hong Kong law and regulations provide for the right of foreign and domestic private entities to establish, own and dispose of interests of business enterprises. Foreign investors are allowed, except for the sectors noted above, to engage in all lawful forms of remunerative activity. The Hong Kong Government does not generally engage directly in business activity via public enterprises. Business privileges, franchises and land development rights are granted on the basis of competitive equality.
Protection of Property Rights
Hong Kong's commercial and company laws provide for effective enforcement of contracts and protection of corporate rights. Hong Kong has filed its notice of compliance with the trade-related intellectual property (TRIPs) requirements of the World Trade Organization. The Intellectual Property Department, which includes the Trademarks and Patents Registries, is the focal point for the development of Hong Kong's intellectual property regime. The Customs and Excise Department is the principal enforcement agency for intellectual property rights (IPR). Hong Kong has acceded to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, the Bern Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the Geneva and Paris Universal Copyright Conventions. Hong Kong also continues to participate in the World Intellectual Property Organization, as part of mainland China's delegation.
The Hong Kong Government devotes significant attention and resources to IPR enforcement. Implementation of laws passed in recent years, including aggressive raids at the retail level, has significantly reduced illegal production and retail sales of copyright and trademark protected products. The Hong Kong courts have imposed longer jail terms for violations of Hong Kong's copyright ordinance. The Hong Kong Government has conducted public education efforts to encourage respect for intellectual property rights. Nevertheless, pirated and counterfeit products remain available on a small scale at the retail level throughout Hong Kong.
In addition, end-use piracy of software and textbooks, the rapid growth of peer-to-peer downloading via the Internet, and the illicit importation and transshipment of pirated and counterfeit goods, including optical discs, pharmaceutical products and name-brand handbags and apparel from mainland China and elsewhere in the region, are continuing problems. Hong Kong authorities have taken steps to address these problems by: continued monitoring of suspect shipments at points of entry; establishing a task force to monitor and crack down on peer-to-peer (P2P) piracy over the Internet in December 2004; prosecuting software end-use piracy, and reviewing ways to strengthen copyright protection in the digital environment.
An additional vulnerability is that health authorities continue to permit the registration of generic drugs for marketing without regard to whether these products infringe on valid patents. Despite extensive consultations with industry, no progress has been made on closing this loophole.
The Copyright Ordinance protects any original copyright work created or published by any person anywhere in the world. The government enacted amendments to the Copyright Ordinance in July 2007. In particular, two new provisions create a criminal offence against the copying and distribution of infringing copies of printed works in business and a separate civil liability against the act of circumventing technological protection measures. These provisions became effective in July 2008.
The Copyright Ordinance amendments provide for rental rights for sound recordings, computer programs, films and comic books. The amended ordinance provides for enhanced penalty provisions against copyright piracy and additional legal tools to facilitate enforcement. It decriminalizes parallel imports of copyrighted products 15 months after their release anywhere in the world, but maintains civil penalties. It retains the existing scope of the law defining an offence as possession of an infringing copy of computer programs, movies, TV dramas, musical recordings (including visual and sound recordings) for use in business. This criminal liability applies equally to individuals and business organizations. The possession of an infringing copy of other categories of works for use in one's business will not attract criminal liability but may incur civil liability.
In April 2008, the Hong Kong Government proposed several additional amendments to the Copyright Ordinance designed to address the protection of IP in the digital environment. Content providers submitted written comments in 2008 on the government's proposals, and collaborated with Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and content user representatives in a government-led Tripartite Forum that sought to establish a voluntary compliance framework governing IPR protection in the digital realm. Tripartite Forum participants failed to reach agreement on a voluntary framework, and the Hong Kong Government restarted its efforts to draft digital IPR protection amendments to the Copyright Ordinance. Industry observers expect the Legislative Council to consider the amendments during the latter half of 2010.
The Patent Ordinance allows for granting of an independent patent in Hong Kong based on the patents granted by the UK and the Chinese Patent Offices. The patent granted in Hong Kong is independent and capable of being tested for validity, rectified, amended, revoked and enforced in Hong Kong courts.
The Registered Design Ordinance is modeled on the EU design registration system, with certain modifications. To be registered, a design must be new. The system requires no substantive examination. Protection is for an initial period of five years, and may be extended for four periods of five years each, up to a maximum of 25 years. Hong Kong's trademark law is TRIPS-compatible and allows for registration of trademarks relating to services. All trademark registrations originally filed in Hong Kong are valid for seven years and renewable for 14-year periods. Proprietors of trademarks registered elsewhere must apply anew and satisfy all requirements of Hong Kong law. When evidence of use is required, such use must have been in Hong Kong.
Hong Kong has no specific ordinance to cover trade secrets. Under the Trade Description Ordinance, however, the Government has the duty to protect information being disclosed to other parties. The Trade Description Ordinance prohibits false trade descriptions, forged trademarks and misstatements in respect of goods supplied in the course of trade.
Transparency of Regulatory System
Hong Kong's body of law and regulation recognizes the value of competition in economic endeavor. Tax, labor, health and safety and other laws and policies avoid distortions or impediments to the efficient mobilization and allocation of investment. Bureaucratic procedures and "red tape" are held to a minimum and are equally transparent to local and foreign investors. Hong Kong does not have an anti-trust law. Hong Kong has, however, set up a Competition Policy Review Committee that issued recommendations in June 2006. These recommendations included a call for legislation to regulate pricefixing, bid-rigging, market allocation, sales and production quotas, joint boycotts, unfair or discriminatory standards and the abuse of dominant market position. The government in 2009 announced its intention to submit a draft Competition Law to the Legislative Assembly during 2010. The government intends to establish a Competition Commission, along with a Competition Tribunal within the Judiciary to hear cases involving allegations of anti-competitive corporate behavior.
Currently, only the telecommunications and, to a lesser degree, the broadcasting sectors have competition regulations in place. The government stated that those two sectors will also come under the purview of the new Competition Law. Certain sectors of the economy are dominated by monopolies or cartels, not all of which are regulated by the Hong Kong Government. These entities do not discriminate against U.S. goods or services, but they can use their market position to block effective competition.
Efficient Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment
There are no impediments to the free flow of financial resources. Non-interventionist economic policies, complete freedom of capital movement and a well-understood regulatory and legal environment have greatly facilitated Hong Kong's role as a regional and international financial center. Hong Kong has one of the most active foreign exchange markets in Asia.
Hong Kong has a three-tier system of deposit-taking institutions: licensed banks, restricted license banks, and deposit-taking companies. Only licensed banks can offer current (checking) or savings accounts. In November 2009, Hong Kong had 146 licensed banks, 26 restricted licensed banks, 28 deposit-taking institutions, and 71 representative offices. The Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) is Hong Kong's largest banking group. With its majority-owned subsidiary Hang Seng Bank, and 208 branches, the group controls more than 29.8 percent of Hong Kong dollar deposits. The Bank of China (Hong Kong) is the second-largest banking group (205 branches), and controls 13.3 percent of Hong Kong dollar deposits. Thirty-five American "authorized financial institutions" operate in Hong Kong. U.S. banks licensed in Hong Kong are listed in Chapter 7 – U.S. Banks and Local Correspondent Banks. Most banks in Hong Kong maintain U.S. correspondent relationships.
Credit in Hong Kong is allocated strictly on market terms and is available to foreign investors on a non-discriminatory basis. The private sector has access to the full spectrum of credit instruments as provided by Hong Kong's banking and financial system. Legal, regulatory, and accounting systems are transparent and consistent with international norms. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) functions as a de facto central bank. It is responsible for maintaining the stability of the banking system and managing the Exchange Fund backing Hong Kong's currency. The HKMA, with the assistance of the banking sector, has upgraded Hong Kong's financial market infrastructure. Real Time Gross Settlement helps minimize risks in the payment system and brings Hong Kong in line with international standards.
The Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation (HKMC) promotes the development of the secondary mortgage market in Hong Kong. The HKMC is 100 percent owned by the Government through the Exchange Fund. The HKMC purchases residential mortgage loans for its own retained portfolio and also repackages mortgages into mortgagebacked securities for sale. In September 2009 (the latest figures available), the HKMC's outstanding amount of debt totaled US$6.2 billion.
On September 26, 2006, a Deposit Protection Scheme (DPS) began operations. Depositors are now protected up to a maximum of HK$100,000 (US$12,820) per bank. As a result of the global financial crisis in late 2008, the Hong Kong Government announced the use of the Exchange Fund to guarantee the repayment of all customer deposits in Hong Kong-dollars and foreign-currency held with licensed banks, restricted license banks, and deposit-taking companies, including Hong Kong branches of overseas institutions. The measure will remain in force until the end of 2010. The DPS Fund (funded by contributions paid by member banks) amounted to US$43.6 million at the end of March 2009, and is expected to reach the target amount of US$166.7 million by 2010. While Hong Kong requires locally licensed banks to participate, overseasincorporated banks may apply for an exemption if a comparable scheme in their home jurisdiction covers deposits taken in by its Hong Kong branches.
In 2004, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) and Dun & Bradstreet (HK) Ltd. (D&B) jointly launched a Commercial Credit Reference Agency (CCRA) to collate information about the indebtedness and credit history of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and make such information available to members of the Hong Kong Association of Banks (HKAB) and the Hong Kong Association of Deposit Taking Companies.
Under the Insurance Companies Ordinance, insurance companies are authorized by the Insurance Authority to transact business in Hong Kong. Hong Kong has the highest number of authorized insurance companies in Asia. As of December 2009, there were 173 authorized companies. Of these, 81 were foreign companies from 21 countries, and 2 were mainland Chinese enterprises. A number of the world's top insurance companies in terms of assets have branch offices or subsidiaries in Hong Kong.
Hong Kong's total market capitalization rose by 72.6 percent during 2009 to US$2.3 trillion, with 1,140 listed firms as of year-end 2009. Hong Kong's stock exchange ranked third in Asia after Tokyo and Shanghai, and seventh in the world in terms of capitalization. Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEx), a listed company, operates the stock and futures exchanges. The Securities and Futures Commission, an independent statutory body outside the civil service, has licensing and supervisory powers to ensure the integrity of markets and protection of investors.
No discriminatory legal constraints exist for foreign securities firms establishing operations in Hong Kong via branching, acquisition, or subsidiaries. In practice, foreign firms typically establish operations in Hong Kong in the form of subsidiaries. Rules governing operations are the same, irrespective of ownership. Portfolio investment decisions are left to the private sector. No laws or regulations specifically authorize private firms to adopt articles of incorporation/association that limit or prohibit foreign investment, participation, or control.
The stock exchange plays a significant role in raising capital for Chinese state-owned enterprises. Chinese state enterprises raise equity (through the issuance of so-called "H" shares) in Hong Kong provided they meet Hong Kong regulatory and accounting requirements. These "H" shares are denominated in Renminbi, but must be purchased in Hong Kong Dollars. In 2009, a total of 155 Chinese enterprises had "H" share listings on the stock exchange, with market capitalization of US$605.6 billion.
Hong Kong has made a concerted effort to develop a local debt market with the Exchange Fund bills and notes program. Maturities now extend to ten years. Hong Kong Dollar debt (public and private) has increased gradually, from US$3.46 billion at the end of 1989 to US$98 billion by the end of 2007, and rose to US$127.2 billion by September 2009. Regional infrastructure financing requirements and increasing investor demand are projected to stimulate further development of the local debt market.
The Hong Kong Government requires workers and employers to contribute to retirement funds under the Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) scheme. Contributions are expected to channel US$3-4 billion per year into various investment vehicles. By the end of September 2009, the net asset values of MPF funds amounted to US$37.4 billion. Like other investments, the performance of MPF funds has also been affected by recent global economic turmoil.
The Exchange Fund Investment Limited (EFIL), established by the Government to dispose of the stock portfolio it purchased during the Asian Financial Crisis, completed its operations in January 2003. EFIL disposed of the stocks in the form of a mutual fund, the Tracker Fund of Hong Kong (TraHK). The Government decided to retain a portion of the stocks (worth about US$410 million) as a long-term investment. The HKMA is responsible for the management of these stocks. TraHK is traded on the stock exchange.
Competition from State Owned Enterprises
Although Hong Kong has a basically free-market economy, the government is directly active in several economic sectors. It provides more than half the population with subsidized housing, the vast majority of hospital services and most education services from childhood through the university level. The government also owns major business enterprises such as the stock exchange, the railway company and the airport.
Conflicts occasionally arise between the government's respective roles as both owner and policy-maker. Industry observers have recommended that the Hong Kong government establish a separate entity to coordinate its ownership of government-held enterprises, and initiate a transparent process of nomination to the boards of government-affiliated entities. Other recommendations from the private sector include establishment of a clear separation between industrial policy and the government's ownership function, and minimization of exemptions of government-owned enterprises from general laws. The Exchange Fund, for example, is exempt from the securities disclosure laws in its purchases of shares (making its disclosures only on a voluntary basis).
The Hong Kong government's new Competition Law is expected to be sent to the Legislative Council for its consideration in 2010. Although it will address anti-competitive corporate behavior such as price fixing and bid rigging, the government has signaled that certain (unnamed as of 2009 year-end) government-affiliated enterprises will be exempted from the new law's purview.
While the Hong Kong government's private sector ownership interests do not materially impede competition in Hong Kong's most important economic sectors (e.g., banking, external trade, tourism), private sector industry representatives have encouraged the Hong Kong government to adhere more closely to the OECD's Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-owned Enterprises.
Corporate Social Responsibility
In November 2007, the Committee on the Promotion of Civic Education released its survey results on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The survey was conducted between November 2006 and April 2007 with 10,094 business establishments of various sizes. It focused specifically on four dimensions of CSR, namely: 1) improvement of the well-being of employees and their families; 2) minimization of negative economic, social and environmental impacts on society; 3) ethical business operations; and 4) contributions to society. The survey revealed that only 23 percent of the firms were aware of the term "CSR," and only nine percent had institutional mechanisms to implement, monitor and evaluate CSR programs. Such programs remain relatively underdeveloped within Hong Kong's business community.
Political Violence
Hong Kong is politically stable. Demonstrations are almost always peaceful. The U.S. Consulate General is not aware of any recent incidents involving politically motivated damage to projects or installations.
Hong Kong has an excellent track record in combating corruption. U.S. firms have not identified corruption as an obstacle to foreign direct investment. The Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) is responsible for combating corruption. The ICAC is independent of the public service and the ICAC Commissioner is responsible directly to the Chief Executive. A bribe to a foreign official is a criminal act, as is the giving or accepting of bribes, for both private individuals and government employees. Penalties are stiff. For example, a civil servant who solicits or accepts any advantage without special permission of the Government can receive one year's imprisonment and a HK$100,000 fine if convicted. Individuals in both the private and public sector can receive up to seven years imprisonment and a HK$500,000 fine for offering, soliciting or accepting a benefit for performance or non-performance of an official duty.
Bilateral Investment Agreements
Hong Kong is negotiating a series of bilateral investment agreements -- the Hong Kong Government calls them "Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements" -- with major foreign investors. To date, Hong Kong has signed agreements with Australia, Austria, Belgo-Luxembourg Economic Union, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand and the United Kingdom. The Hong Kong Government has initialed agreements with Canada and Vietnam. It is negotiating an agreement with Singapore. All such agreements are based on a model text approved by mainland China through the Sino-British Joint Liaison Group. The United States and Hong Kong held talks on a bilateral investment agreement in the late 1990s, but certain differences could not be resolved and negotiations were suspended. U.S. firms, however, are generally not at a competitive or legal disadvantage, since Hong Kong's market is open and its legal system impartial.
OPIC and Other Investment Insurance Programs
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) coverage is not available in Hong Kong. Hong Kong is a member of the World Bank Group's Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).
In the 1980s and much of the 1990s, Hong Kong's unemployment rate hovered around two percent. Reflecting structural changes in the local economy and weak global economic conditions, Hong Kong's unemployment rate rose to 5.2 percent by the end of October 2009. The Employees Retraining Board provides skills retraining for local employees to cope with ongoing structural change in the economy.
To address a shortage of highly skilled technical and financial professionals, the Hong Kong Government has made efforts to attract qualified foreign and mainland Chinese workers. As of July 2003, conditions for admitting mainland Chinese for employment were eased and aligned with those applicable to foreign nationals.
In 2008, membership in Hong Kong's 752 registered unions totaled 708,953, a participation rate of about 21.5 percent. Hong Kong has implemented 41 conventions of the International Labor Organization in full and 18 others with modifications.
Local law provides for the right of association and the right of workers to establish and join organizations of their own choosing. The government does not discourage or impede the formation of unions. Workers who allege discrimination against unions have the right to have their cases heard by the Labor Relations Tribunal. Although legislation does not prohibit strikes, in practice most workers must sign employment contracts that state that walking off the job is a breach of contract and can lead to summary dismissal. Collective bargaining is legal in Hong Kong, but there is no obligation on employers to engage in it. In practice, collective bargaining is not widely used.
Foreign-Trade Zones/Free Ports
Hong Kong is a free port without foreign trade zones. Hong Kong's modern and efficient infrastructure supports Hong Kong's role as a trade entrepot and regional financial and services center. Rapid growth has placed severe demands on that infrastructure, giving rise to plans for major new investments, particularly in transportation and shipping facilities, over the next few years. Significant elements include a planned expansion of container terminal facilities, additional roadway and railway networks, major residential/commercial developments, community facilities, environmental protection projects, and redevelopment of the old Kai Tak Airport The Hong Kong Government is planning to spend over US$13 billion in the next decade on redeveloping the old Kai-Tak Airport into a modern green zone that contains government offices, public housing, commercial centers and cruise terminals. Construction at the site began in July 2009. Airport: During the twelve months ending October 2009, Hong Kong's international airport at Chek Lap Kok handled daily an average of 771 flights, 126,060 passengers, and more than 8,806 tons of cargo. Eighty-four international airlines operated some 5,800 scheduled flights per week between Hong Kong and 154 cities around the world. Hong Kong is a major gateway to mainland China. There are direct flights from Hong Kong to nearly forty Mainland cities. The demand for services to mainland China is growing. The Hong Kong airport is in the world's top ranks in terms of passenger and cargo throughput.
With 24-hour operations, two all-weather runways, an ability to cater to all types of commercial aircraft, and high-speed transport links from the terminal to the city, the airport is well positioned to meet Hong Kong's aviation needs in the coming decades. The airport has a multi-modal marine cargo terminal that provides vessel services between various ports in the Pearl River Delta and the airport. To strengthen Hong Kong's position as the economic gateway of mainland China and Asia and to boost revenues, the Airport Authority (AA) has built "SkyCity", which includes a world-class exhibition center, Asia World-Expo; SkyPlaza, an office and retail complex; SkyPier, a cross-boundary ferry terminal; and a nine-hole golf course. In September 2008, Cathay Pacific Airways started to build the airport's third cargo terminal under a 20-year franchise agreement with the AA. Cathay Pacific will invest US$615 million into the facility, which will occupy 10 hectares in the airport's cargo area. The new terminal was initially expected to be completed by the second half of 2011, but in January 2009, Cathay announced it would delay completion for up to two years in response to falling cargo traffic resulting from the global economic slowdown. When complete, the facility will have a handling capacity of 2.6 million tons.
The organization responsible for safety oversight, the Civil Aviation Department, has commenced study, trials and evaluations of the satellite-based Communications, Navigation, Surveillance/Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) System. The new equipment will enhance flight safety and efficiency as well as maintain Hong Kong's status as a center of international and regional aviation. The project will take 15 years. CNS/ATM services including Digital-Automatic Terminal Information Service, Digital- Meteorological Information for Aircraft in Flight, delivery of Pre-Departure Clearance over data links, Aeronautical Telecommunication Network operations with Bangkok, and Air Traffic Services Inter-facility Data Communication with Sanya Area Control Center have been implemented at the airport.
Shipping and Port Activities: Hong Kong enjoys one of the best natural deep-water ports on the Chinese coast. With continued high economic growth and industrialization in mainland China, the development of deep-water ports at Yantian and Gaolan in southern China should complement Hong Kong's facilities over the medium term. Over the longer term, the Hong Kong port will face increased competition from those ports and from Shanghai, which are improving their service efficiency.
Hong Kong's container port is one of the world's busiest. In the first eleven months of 2009, Hong Kong's nine privately-operated container terminals and mid-stream operators handled 19.0 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) of cargo. Some 80 international shipping lines are providing over 450 container liner services per week connecting to over 500 destinations worldwide.
Hong Kong's container terminals handling capacity is 18 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) a year, which will be able to cope with the forecast growth in demand to the end of this decade. The container terminals handle about 73 percent of the port's total throughput. The river trade terminal, mid-stream operators and other facilities handle the remaining 27 percent. The Hong Kong Government commissioned a study on "Hong Kong Port - Master Plan 2020" to formulate a competitive, sustainable strategy and master plan for Hong Kong's port development, including the location of a new container terminal and related infrastructure, for the coming twenty years. The study has been presented to industry and the Legislative Council for consultation. Taking into account the comments received, the Government is working out an action plan to implement the recommendations of the study. In particular, the Government commissioned consultants to work out the optimal timing for the construction of Container Terminal 10 and to conduct an ecology study on Northwest Lantau Island to decide whether it is environmentally suitable for development of a container terminal.
In 2008, the Government concluded that an extensive reclamation is required for the site at Northwest Lantau Island, which may affect the ecological environment. The government has identified an alternative site at Southwest Tsing Yi Island and will undertake a feasibility study. Although this site will require the relocation of the existing oil depot, it can achieve synergy with the container terminals in Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi.
Roads and Railroads: Hong Kong's roads have one of the highest vehicle densities in the world. In September 2009, 578,000 licensed vehicles navigated about 2,049 kilometers of roads, or 282 vehicles per kilometer of road. This high density, combined with difficult terrain and high density building development, poses a constant challenge to transport planning, road construction and maintenance. To cope with worsening traffic congestion, largely due to the rapid growth in the number of private cars, the Highways Department has launched an extensive road construction program. The Highways Department has budgeted US$5.4 billion for road projects between 2005/2006 and 2010/2011. In December 2009, Hong Kong started to build a bridge from the Western tip of Lantau Island to Macau and Zhuhai, paving the way for accelerated development of the Western Pearl River Delta region.
Historically, two railway corporations managed Hong Kong's metro and rail systems: the Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) and the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC). The two railway companies merged on December 2, 2007. The integrated system is operated and managed by MTRC, including nine lines of railway network with a total length of over 200 kilometers.
Hong Kong is working on a massive expansion of its rail system. Investment in Hong Kong's domestic and cross-boundary rail networks in the next decade is expected to exceed in scale the US$20 billion spent on the transportation facilities associated with the airport. Most of the projects involve linking existing lines or creating extensions to new points of interest. Hong Kong will push ahead with ten large-scale infrastructure projects, of which three are rail networks including the South Island Line (an extension of seven-kilometer rail to the South Island), the Sha Tin to Central Link (connecting Northeast New Territories and Hong Kong Island via East Kowloon), and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (a high-speed national rail network of 12,000 kilometers linking up major cities, with maximum train speeds of 200 to 300 kilometers per hour).


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Daryl Ong - Ikaw Na Nga with Lyrics MP3
I don't own anything. Ikaw Na Nga with Lyrics by Daryl Ong. Originally by Willie Revillame. Enjoy!
Ikaw na nga - Willie Revillame KARAOKE MP3
Original song by Wilie Revillame. Karaoke created by Marte Sarmiento.
ikaw na nga-willie revillame MP3
ikaw na nga by willie revillame ft. ASF Aiko Parang biro lamang Dumating ang tulad mo At may isang pagibig na tapat at totoo Dahil sa yo Naramdaman ang ...
Ikaw Na Nga by Willie Revillame ft.Daryl Ong MP3
Watch Willie Revillame and Daryl Ong performed Ikaw na Nga together at Music Museum.
Chadleen - Sana Ikaw Na nga OFFICIAL MV MP3
ALDUB | MaiDen Ikaw Na Nga (Wedding Video) MP3
Sa Tamang Panahon may Forever❤
Ikaw Na Nga by Daryl Ong (Bridges Of Love Theme Song) w/lyrics MP3
FACEBOOK ACCOUNT:https://m2.facebook.com/profile.php?ref_component=mbasic_home_header&ref_page=MMessagingEntBasedReadController&refid=12 ...
Your Face Sounds Familiar: Eric Nicolas as Willie Revillame - "Ikaw Na Nga" MP3
Comedian Eric Nicolas as Willie Revillame. Subscribe to ABS-CBN Entertainment channel! - http://bit.ly/ABS-CBNEntertainment Visit our official website!
"ikaw na nga" | vicerylle MP3
vice sings to karylle hopia. edited. not real.
Wowowee: Half Pinoy Randy sung "BEN" & "Ikaw na Nga" MP3
ikaw na nga by willie revillame with lyrics MP3
hope you like it! for you cj,mommy and beebee ko alam ko favorite nyo itong song na ito i miss you... c",)


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You just got good at hauling off and hitting someone. I wasn't born and raised to do this -- I'm a guy from Northwest. I went to private school. This really isn't part of my metabolism. But it became it...
So muses Henry Rollins in a particularly epiphanous scene amidst the relentlessly edifying smorgasbord that is Scott Crawford and Jim Saah's Salad Days: A Decade of Punk In Washington, DC (1980-90) -- a documentary those of us who seemingly never tire of listening to Rollins and Ian MacKaye fondly recall Georgetown Haagan Dazs days and night street fights with punk hating meatheads were going to watch regardless, but which also happily proves to be an epic, smart, admiring-yet-not-uncritical, and -- above all -- fresh exploration of a seminal moments in time packed with insights and anecdotes that will likely surprise even chapter-and-verse devotees of Dance of Days and Banned in DC.
The film arrives on DVD September 18 and is available for streaming now, but we've got an exclusive clip this morning of Government Issue slaying at the Wilson Center back in '83 -- one of a crazy line-up of jaw-dropping blast-from-the-past live performances sprinkled throughout the film courtesy not-fade-away acts such as Minor Threat, Marginal Man, Void, Rites of Spring, Fugazi and more.
"The Wilson Center was actually a church basement but the site for some amazing shows in the 1980s," director Scott Crawford tells Decibel. "The walls would be soaking wet after a show from the body heat in there. It's currently a charter school in a now gentrified section of NW."
If none of that floats your boat, check out the film for Minor Threat/Junkyard/Dag Nasty/Bad Religion guitarist Brian Baker's immortal take on leaving D.C. during the much-vaunted "revolution Summer": Later, nerds.
For more information hit up the film's official site and/or Facebook page.


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MIL (mother-in-law) is CO. And the email is being BH.
"Son, I know your really busy but you need to stop by with my granddaughters and your ss card I'm filling out my taxes and Im claiming you both, I need the extra cash this year. And bring my grandbaby with you!!!!!!!!!"
DH (dear husband) hasn't lived with her since he was 18 and she's been CO since May. I'm not sure to be shocked by the size of her balls or laugh.
I thought Id share the laugh, and confirm BSC right?


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text: Posted January 26, 2013 Cutting CJ in March (when we have to get under the cap) would accelerate 18 million in signing bonus. So that isn't going to happen. You could reason that he carries a cap hit of 13 million if he stays, so it would only be an overall negative impact of 5 million, but that ignores the value of the DE position. We would have to replace him, and unless we gamble on grabbing a stud in the draft, DE's don't come cheap. Any DE worth a damn will cost 8 million + in FA. Given all this, there doesn't seem to be any chance that CJ gets cut. the same thought goes to kalil as well. i would even throw gross in there. if we'd have to pay as much to replace them and still have to deal with the expense of cutting them (which is forgotten about) then it takes away any benefit from tampering with that position. it just creates more problems with personnel and the cap to mess with. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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December 21, 2009 | Playboy Special Features, Tara Reid | 5 Comments
Tara Reid has decided to expose her brand new body for the January / February edition of Playboy. With her rebuilt tits which looking fucking amazing, and her tummy now fixed, Tara Reid looks absolutely stunning in this hot pictorial. Tara Reid began as Bunny Lebowski for the Coen brothers. A year later American Pie made her 2000's It girl. But she went wild at the wrong time: during the celebrity-tabloid resurgence. Here's the 2010 Tara, sexier than ever and playing a Bunny again.
Tara Reid Vital Statistics
Measurements: 34C-25-36
Height: 5'5″
Weight: 115 lbs
Birthplace: Wyckoff, New Jersey
DOB: November 8, 1975
See more of Tara Reid at Playboy for a Limited Time Only!


text: Silgan Holdings Inc. (Nasdaq:SLGN), a leading supplier of rigid packaging for shelf-stable food and other consumer goods products, today reported third quarter 2013 net income of $77.2 million, or $1.21 per diluted share, as compared to third quarter 2012 net income of $78.7 million, or $1.13 per diluted share. "While adjusted net income per diluted share of $1.23 for the third quarter of 2013 was a new record, these results were below our expectations for the quarter," said Tony Allott, President and CEO. "As expected, our metal container business did see an increase in unit volumes, although this increase was well below anticipated levels as the fruit and vegetable packs were weaker than expected in key U.S. and European regions. Our closure business continued to experience lower demand for single-serve beverages, which we attribute to cooler temperatures. Our plastic container business was negatively impacted by lower volumes in the legacy operations and delays in passing through inflationary resin costs," continued Mr. Allott. "We view most of these volume issues to be transitory in nature and believe each of our businesses is reacting appropriately in terms of managing costs, driving manufacturing efficiencies and continuing to enhance our long-term competitive positions. In that light, we also completed the acquisition of Portola Packaging this week, and eagerly welcome this expansion of capabilities to our global closure franchise. Based on our year to date results, lower than expected volumes in the fourth quarter of 2013 and the impact of higher interest expense as a result of our recent 5½% Senior Notes issuance, we are revising our full year 2013 earnings estimate of adjusted net income per diluted share to a range of $2.75 to $2.85," concluded Mr. Allott. Adjusted net income per diluted share was $1.23 for the third quarter of 2013 as compared to $1.17 for the third quarter of 2012, after adjustments increasing net income per diluted share by $0.02 for the third quarter of 2013 and $0.04 for the third quarter of 2012. A reconciliation of net income per diluted share to "adjusted net income per diluted share," a Non-GAAP financial measure used by the Company, which adjusts net income per diluted share for certain items, can be found in Tables A and B at the back of this press release.


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Oh, Highland Tap and Burger, how we love your happy hour
Happy Place: Highland Tap and Burger, 2219 West Thirty Second Avenue, 720-287-4493.
The Hours: Monday through Saturday from 3 to 6:30 p.m.
The Deals: $1 off draft beers; $3 house ale and cocktails; $4 wines by the glass and margaritas; $3-$7 food specials.
Were we happy? Flip the page to find out.
The Digs: Highland Tap and Burger is an auspicious and bustling LoHi watering hole that's perched between the insanity of places like Lola and Linger and the more laid back hangouts that dot 32nd Avenue. This highly functional sports-centric bar is capable of herding in crowds without making them feel like cattle, and the menu is certainly a step up from your average grease baskets. The main bar features a long top, lots of bar stools and bartenders busily filling orders, whole the dining room, a spacious area with square tables, attracts crowds who want to catch a game. But our favorite part of Highland Tap and Burger is the lively patio. Even when it's full -- and it usually is -- the hostesses always have a knack for seating patrons quickly, and it's easy to spend a few hours here knocking back craft beers and watching the world go by.
The Verdict:The beer taps at this wonderful little spot are utterly fantastic -- an eclectic mix of local pours and Belgian crafts -- and the staff is more than willing to tell you all about them, including their favorites. Once we had our brews, we scoured the menu -- and we liked what we saw.
The happy hour menu at Highland Tap and Burger is downright stellar, offering just about everything a hungry happy hour reveler could hope for. The grilled burgers are some of the best we've had in Denver; they're large and juicy, loaded with melted American cheese, lettuce, and tomatoes, and served with hand cut French fries for a mere $7. Truth be told, the whole grilled artichoke disappeared just as quickly, and we highly recommend saving some of the accompanying truffled lemon aioli to pair with your fries. We also appreciated the mozzarella sticks, a fancy upgrade from what we're used to. And, in fact, we liked them so much that we opted for a second order of the tempura-fried planks.
Stuffed and slightly tipsy, we were relieved that our bike ride home was downhill. We can't wait to return.
Overall Grade: A
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2219 W. 32nd Ave.
Denver, CO 80211
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Lakshmi Mantra can create tremendous results to attain Huge Money and Wealth. Lakshmi Mantra creates perfect frequency in the chanter's Aura to find Money. Once Lakshmi Mantra is adjusted and aligned with chanter's energy then it gives continues flow of money and wealth. For adjustment and alignment Lakshmi Mantra takes almost 40 days of nonstop chanting but for some people, it takes little longer. No one has a clear explanation why Lakshmi Mantra or any other mantra takes longer time for alignment.
Who is Goddess Lakshmi (Goddess Laxmi)
In Hinduism Goddess Lakshmi is a Deity of Money and Wealth. Lord Vishnu's wife Goddess Lakshmi also plays a protector role like Lord Vishnu. Therefore Goddess Lakshmi Mantra gives immense money to live perfectly prosperous and wealthy life.
Goddess Lakshmi is the Symbol of Good Fortune in Hinduism. In Sanskrit Language, meaning of the word Lakshmi is imitative from the word Laksya (Aim) and she is the Goddess of money, wealth, and prosperity even both material and spiritual.
Figure of Goddess Mahalakshmi (Mahalaxmi)
Goddess Lakshmi is a fair and golden complexion female Deity with 4 hands, sitting or standing on a full-bloomed pink or red lotus. She holds a beautiful lotus bud in one of her hand, which stands for charm, purity, and lushness. Goddess Lakshmi's four hands represent the four main points of human life:
- Dharma-Virtue
- Artha-Wealth
- Kama-Desire
- Moksha-Ascension
She wears reddish golden cloths which are the symbols of power and prosperity. Flowing coins from her hand show the abundance. Two elephants are standing next to the goddess and spraying water is the symbol of both material and spiritual prosperity.
How to Start Lakshmi Mantra (Laxmi Mantra)
There are many types of Lakshmi Mantras and each Mantra creates its own vibrations but all mantras give money, wealth, and prosperity. People often start Lakshmi Mantra from Friday or from Full Moon with a lotus seed rosary or a crystal rosary. Counting of Lakshmi Mantra depends on chanter's need. If your need of money is little then 108/daily chanting is enough but if your need of money is high then go for 108X5/daily. The more you chant, the more you attract money as the blessing of Goddess Lakshmi.
Some people offer you to different kinds of Lakshmi Mantras according to your horoscope but Goddess Lakshmi is a soft and merciful power of Lord Vishnu so don't worry about the ethic of the horoscope.
Here is the list of Top 10 Lakshmi Mantras (Laxmi Mantras)
Powerful Lakshmi Mantra 1 ⇓
"Shreem" is the seed mantra of Mahalakshmi. Few people also chant Shreem Mantra as a Switchword. Switchwords are special English Mantras and very famous in western countries. Click here to know more about what are switchwords and to know more about Shreem Mantra click #Here.
Powerful Lakshmi Mantra 2 ⇓
"Om Sarvabaadhaa Vinirmukto, Dhan Dhaanyah Sutaanvitah, Manushyo Matprasaaden Bhavishyati Na Sanshayah Om"
Powerful Lakshmi Mantra 3 ⇓
Powerful Lakshmi Mantra 4
(Mahalakshmi Gayatri Mantra) ⇓
This is the Mahalakshmi Gayatri Mantra one of the most powerful mantra of Mahalakshmi (Mahalaxmi)
"Om Shree Mahalakshmyai Cha Vidmahe Vishnu Patnayai Cha Dheemahi Tanno Lakshmi Prachodayat Om"
Mahalakshmi Mantra 5 ⇓
"Om Shreem Maha Lakshmiyei Namaha"
Mahalakshmi Mantra 6 ⇓
"Om Hreem Shreem Kleem Maha Lakshmi Namaha"
Powerful Lakshmi Mantra 7 ⇓
Powerful Lakshmi Mantra 8 ⇓
"Om Hreem Shreem Lakshmibhayo Namaha"
Mahalakshmi Mantra 9 ⇓
"Om Shreem Hreem Shreem Kamale Kamalalaye Praseed Praseed Om Shreem Hreem Shreem Mahalakshmaye Namaha"
Powerful Laxmi Mantra 10 ⇓
This is the Powerful Lakshmi Mantra in Tantric Style
"Om Shring Hring Kling Aing Saung Om Hring Ka A Ee La Hring Ha Sa Ka Ha La Hring Sakal Hring Saung Aing Kling Hring Shring Om"
Benefits of Lakshmi Mantra (Laxmi Mantra) (Mahalakshmi Mantra)
Chant any one of above Lakshmi Mantra but when you decide which Lakshmi Mantra you want to chant please continue with chosen one for at least 40 days. Chanting of Lakshmi Mantra grants immense wealth, money, and richness. Like Lakshmi Mantra these 25 Best Money Affirmations will also help you to get richness in your life.
#Click Here and choose one Ganesh Mantra out of 24 Powerful Ganesh Mantras to chant with Lakshmi Mantra to attain more wealth in life and for overall growth in life. These Ganesh mantras can also create miracles in your life.
Worship her as she is your mother who is always ready to Nourish Your Life With Her Blessings and if you want good health with the prosperous life #Click Here and read about Best Mantra for Health and chant one health mantra with Lakshmi Mantra. Total Wealth Serum is another useful and easiest way to attract money, wealth and abundance in your life, please check #here.
Lakshmi Aarti English Version ⇓
Om Jai Laxmi Mata, Maiya Jai Laxmi Mata,
Tumko Nis Din Sevat, Hari, Vishnu Data ||
Om Jai Laxmi Mata
Uma Rama Brahmaani, Tum Ho Jag Mata,
Maiya, Tum Ho Jag Mata,
Surya Chandrama Dhyaavat, Naarad Rishi Gaata ||
Om Jai Laxmi Mata
Durga Roop Niranjani, Sukh Sampati Data,
Maiya Sukh Sampati Data
Jo Koyee Tumko Dhyaataa, Ridhee Sidhee Dhan Paataa ||
Om Jai Laxmi Mata
Tum Paataal Nivasini, Tum Hi Shubh Daataa
Maiya Tum Hi Shubh Daataa
Karm Prabhaav Prakaashini, Bhav Nidhi Ki Daataa ||
Om Jai Laxmi Mata
Jis Ghar Mein Tu Rehtee, Sab Sukh Guna Aataa,
Maiya Sab Sukh Guna Aataa,
Taap Paap Mit Jaataa, Man Naheen Ghabraataa ||
Om Jai Laxmi Mata
Tum Bin Yagya Na Hota, Vastra Na Koi Paata
O Maiya Vastra Na Koi Paata
Khaan Paan Ka Vaibhav, Sab Tum Se Aata ||
Om Jai Laxmi Mata
Shubh Gunn Mandir Sundar, Shirodadhi Jaata
O Maiya Shirodadhi Jaata
Ratna Chaturdash Tum Bin, Koi Nai Paata ||
Om Jai Laxmi Mata
Dhoop Deep Phal Meva, Ma Sweekaar Karo,
Maiya Ma Sweekaar Karo,
Gyaan Prakaash Karo Ma, Moha Agyaan Haro ||
Om Jai Laxmi Mata
Maha Laxmiji Ki Aarti, Jo Gaavey
Maiya Nis Din Jo Gaavey,
Uraananda Samata, Paap Uttar Jata ||
Om Jai Laxmi Mata
Lakshmi Aarti Hindi Version ⇓
ॐ जय लक्ष्मी माता, तुमको निस दिन सेवत,
मैया जी को निस दिन सेवत
हर विष्णु विधाता ||
ॐ जय लक्ष्मी माता
उमा रमा ब्रम्हाणी, तुम ही जग माता
ओ मैया तुम ही जग माता
सूर्य चन्द्र माँ ध्यावत, नारद ऋषि गाता ||
ॐ जय लक्ष्मी माता
दुर्गा रूप निरंजनी, सुख सम्पति दाता
ओ मैया सुख सम्पति दाता
जो कोई तुम को ध्यावत, ऋद्धि सिद्धि धन पाता ||
ॐ जय लक्ष्मी माता
तुम पाताल निवासिनी, तुम ही शुभ दाता
ओ मैया तुम ही शुभ दाता
कर्म प्रभाव प्रकाशिनी, भव निधि की दाता ||
ॐ जय लक्ष्मी माता
जिस घर तुम रहती तहँ सब सदगुण आता
ओ मैया सब सदगुण आता
सब सम्ब्नव हो जाता, मन नहीं घबराता ||
ॐ जय लक्ष्मी माता
तुम बिन यज्ञ न होता, वस्त्र न कोई पाता
ओ मैया वस्त्र ना पाटा
खान पान का वैभव, सब तुम से आता ||
ॐ जय लक्ष्मी माता
शुभ गुण मंदिर सुन्दर, क्षीरोदधि जाता
ओ मैया क्षीरोदधि जाता
रत्ना चतुर्दश तुम बिन, कोई नहीं पाता ||
ॐ जय लक्ष्मी माता
धुप दीप फल मेवा, माँ स्वीकार करो
मैया माँ स्वीकार करो
ज्ञान प्रकाश करो माँ, मोहा अज्ञान हरो ||
ॐ जय लक्ष्मी माता
महा लक्ष्मीजी की आरती, जो कोई जन गाता
ओ मैया जो कोई गाता
उर आनंद समाता, पाप उतर जाता ||
ॐ जय लक्ष्मी माता
Please feel free to comment into the comment box below and ask anything regarding this Lakshmi Mantra article. I am here to help you on this Lakshmi Mantra topic. If you liked this post, would you consider sharing it or forwarding it? Lakshmi Mantra also increases chanter's looks, youthfulness, and health. Daily chanting of Lakshmi Mantra provides abundance in money, finances and also in relationships. For a good job, one can chant Lakshmi Mantra. Promotions are very easily attained during the chanting of Lakshmi Mantra. Lakshmi Mantra can increase profits in business and helps to attract more customers. Regular chanting of the Lakshmi Mantra creates a Powerful Auric Field which attracts abundance and fortune easily. Wealth, fortune, luxury, cash, power, and prosperity are more easily attracted by chanting of Lakshmi Mantra.


text: To get from Lido di Ostia to Trapani by train you can catch one of the 6 trains that everyday travel between these two cities. The first train to Trapani leaves from Lido di Ostia at 09:57 and the last train departs at 21:38. If you choose a local train the trip lasts on average 00:24 hours. For your trip from Lido di Ostia to Trapani by train you can choose to leave from one of Lido di Ostia main stations: Fiumicino Aeroporto On Wanderio you can compare all schedules, fares and railway companies to Trapani and book the best itinerary starting from Lido di Ostia.