text:
It's been a long time coming for Roush Racing. After 16 years and four second place finishes, Jack Roush can finally be called a Winston Cup Championship car owner. Matt Kenseth brought his ...
It's been a long time coming for Roush Racing.
After 16 years and four second place finishes, Jack Roush can finally be called a Winston Cup Championship car owner. Matt Kenseth brought his #17 DeWalt Ford home in fourth place in Sunday's Pop Secret Microwave Popcorn 400 at Rockingham and clinched the 2003 championship.
"I feel great today," Roush said. "Mark and I did this thing together. He found Matt and we worked with Matt together. It's really been tough emotionally to think about the four times we were there with Mark and just coming up short. We've learned to come up short and to be able to get through it this time with Robbie and with Matt. It's just a tremendous relief."
Kenseth put together a remarkably consistent season that included a series-high 25 top-10 finishes. The 2000 rookie of the year also picked up a win at Las Vegas in March.
"I'm just real lucky," Kenseth said. "I'm real lucky that Mark Martin got me hooked up with Jack to start with and got me testing with him. I'm real proud to win it driving a Ford and driving it for Jack."
Martin insisted that Roush sign the Wisconsin native to a development contract after racing with Kenseth at Talladega in 1997.
"I've been wrong about a lot of things in my life and in business but I'm really proud to say that I was right about Matt Kenseth," said Martin, who is listed as the official owner of the #17 team. "Matt Kenseth and Robbie Reiser are the champions in 2003 because they've made more of the opportunity that was given to them than any of the rest of us have. (Jack) had to endure so much heartbreak and disappointment through the years that I'm just really happy for him. He deserves it and he's earned it."
"When we came back after the engine problem and the crash that we had - we gave up 200 points or whatever it was in two weeks," Roush said. "Then we had another good race and stabilized, and the race after that we picked up a few points. That's when I could see the light at the end of the tunnel. If Matt stayed healthy and if we didn't have an epidemic of broken parts that would get on us early in the race, it was probably going to be OK. But I wouldn't go further than probably."
The magnitude of his accomplishment isn't lost on Kenseth, who is the 26th Winston Cup champion in 55 years and the last under Winston sponsorship. He feels that it was just a matter of time before Roush earned his first championship.
"I'm just so appreciative to my team, my owners, my sponsors, everybody that puts this thing together," Kenseth said. "I never thought I'd ever have the opportunity to sit in one of these cars, much less be the champion. There are thousands of race car drivers out there that I'm sure could do a better job than I have and not many people get this opportunity. I'm just thankful to be in good equipment with good people working on it."


text:
Dr. Khee Tan, MD is an internal medicine doctor who practices in San Gabriel, CA. He is 75 years old and has been practicing for 45 years. Dr. Tan is affiliated with Garfield Medical Center.
For the best healthcare for your needs, choose a doctor who specializes in your medical condition.
Check to see that this provider treats your medical condition.
Check to see that this provider performs the procedure that you need.
Check to see if your provider has any malpractices, board actions, or sanctions.
Learn more about where this provider went to medical school, residency, and more.
Check to see what languages this provider and/or staff speak.
View memberships and affiliations associated with this provider.
Have you recently visited Dr. Tan? Fill out a survey to help millions of people around the nation find the right doctor.
Allergy & Immunology
Physician Assistant (PA)
Internal Medicine
Internal Medicine
Allergy & Immunology
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
Internal Medicine
Internal Medicine

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The tequila-making process is a lot more involved than some would think. Our friends at Suerte Tequila gave us the low-down on just how much work goes into producing their tasty tequila. Now that you know how it's made, go put your knowledge to test with a nice tall glass of Tequila. Salud!
Trendsetter of the Year: Squeaky's Very Own, Mailet Lopez
A couple of months ago, the Squeaky team found out that our co-founder, Mailet Lopez, was going to be honored as the "Trendsetter of the Year" in the 2014 Diversity Achievement Awards by the American Advertising Federation. Upon hearing the news, we were all excited about the opportunity but did not immediately recognize the immensity of this honor until we arrived at the ceremony in Boca Raton, Florida.
As part of a fabulous week-long ADMERICA conference we were surrounded by industry titans who recognized and appreciated the impact IHadCancer.com has had on the cancer community. We witnessed a number of ground-breaking campaigns, all of which highlighted the strides that our industry has made in regards to diversity. As we headed back to NYC, we were reminded of the ethos that Squeaky was founded on – solid work, strong culture and diversity.
It was amazing to see our philosophy reaffirmed by this prestigious award from the AAF. Congratulations to all of this year's winners and a big thanks to the AAF for all their hard work in making this year's event a huge success.
Shedding Light on a Century-Old Craft: Neon Lighting
Living in a digital, connected world means we all have near-instant access to almost anything. Want to plan a trip? There's a site for that. Want to order a pizza? There's an app for that. All of this "connectedness" can sometimes make life feel as if it's speeding by – causing us to forget to stop and admire the craft and perfection that goes into everything that surrounds us, especially art.
That's why when we recently commissioned our friends at Manhattan Neon for a new neon sign for our office, we decided to take the time to find out more about their historic craft. These guys have been in the neon lighting business for 30 years and are known for iconic installations like the Coca-Cola sign in Times Square and the Macy's 'Believe' sign.
For our sign, we chose the phrase, "Always Be Nice," as it closely parallels our ethos and is at the core of our agency culture. We chose to hang it above the conference room so that it can act as a centerpiece of the office as well as a way to inform everyone when meetings and conference calls are in session.
When it was nearly complete, we went to check it out and sat down with the artist who crafted it (a strapping Irish fellow named Steve) to learn more about the history of neon lighting, the industry and his craft.
Q: When did neon lighting first come about?
A: Neon lighting was first created for the purpose of illumination. Europe was competing with the likes of Edison and others for a practical form of lighting and neon lighting was unveiled at the Paris Expo in 1910. In 1923, Georges Claude introduced neon signs to the U.S. with the sale of two signs to a Packard automobile dealership in LA. Upon displaying these new signs near the highway, drivers were intrigued and slowed down to check them out—causing a traffic jam for hours.
Q: How does Neon lighting work exactly? It's basically running electricity through neon gas and because it's in glass it allows the light to escape right?
A: Exactly. Primarily you use two gases to create neon signing: Neon (Ne) which produces red and Argon (Ar) which produces blue but variations of gases produce different colors.
Q: Being around for over 100 years now, neon signage is seemingly archaic in the digital age, but surprisingly there is still a demand for it. Why do you think that is?
A: With the rise of technology, modern signage became almost too accessible thus, inadvertently catapulting neon signage into more of an art form.
Q:What is the most popular or well-known sign you've created at Manhattan Neon?
A: Signs in Times Square such as the Coca-Cola bottle are probably amongst the most well-known signs we've produced.
Q: What is the strangest request for a sign you've had?
A: Neon signs became popular amongst peep shows and strip clubs and the old 42nd street used to be teeming with them. (Manahattan Neon actually has a bunch of vintage signs from this era)
Q: Is it dangerous if these gas-filled glass tubes drop and break?
A: No that wouldn't be dangerous but like any job there are dangers in neon sign crafting. I've accidentally burned and electrocuted myself in the past. Q: What is your favorite part about the neon lighting business?
A: What's not to like? I come in, wear what I want and get to do what I love.
We had a great time getting to know Steve and learning more about our talented neighbors at Manhattan Neon. Next time you stop by Squeaky, be sure to check out our new signage and let us know what you think.
Winter Fun in the City
Puffy jackets, beanies, gloves, and snow can only mean one thing – winter has officially hit NYC. Even with Winter Storm Hercules upon us, there is no reason we should feel crippled by the face-numbing chill. New York City boasts numerous activities that can be enjoyed inside and outside. So instead of hibernating at home until Easter, why not get out and embrace the winter and all that NYC has to offer?
For the Night Life
NYC is home to some of the best music venues and artists in the world. Why not bowl a few frames, sip some whiskey, and catch a live show at Brooklyn's very own Brooklyn Bowl?
For the Outdoorsy
Feel like getting some exercise? Head over to Central Park's Wollman Rink and show off those skills we all know you have.
For the Relaxed
Curl up by the fireplace, play Jenga with friends, and eat soft pretzels at Greenpoint's Spritzenhaus.
For the Curious
The hardest part about going to a museum in the city is picking which one to visit! With world famous museums like the MOMA, The Met, the New Museum, the Guggenheim, and the American Museum of Natural History, it can be a challenge picking just one. So why not spend a day hitting them all?
These really only scratch the surface of what NYC has to offer. What are your favorite things to do in NYC during these cold winter months?


text:
Kida Kudz is one Nigerian music rookie that has been very consistent with dishing out good contents overtime. Here's a brand new single from the young UNG lad who has recently relocated fully to Nigeria.
This is titled 'Living Life' – Produced by Studio Magic.
Catchy & Very radio friendly! Kida Kudz never fails to impress.
Enjoy! and Share your thoughts below
Also Download
Submit your comment
2 total comments on this postSubmit yours
Kida u impress me. Wondaful song#dope
Cofam! …dis d guy we need in tha industry
…Kida king #26A53168


text:
Thanks for helping us sort this video!
Thanks for helping us associate the correct Pornstars to this video!
Помогите нам: эти порнозвезды присутствуют в этом видео?
Pornstar Name:
this due talks way too much
she is too yough to be a cougar
kristina cross
35+? Hell, she's got a body better than many if not most 25 year old women!
How is she a "cougar" when the guy she is fucking is older than she is?
Cougar copulation - cooool! The dick sprayed her a pretty good load in the end.
Umm does anyone know her name???
omg shes gorgeous who is she
Some errors occurred, please try again later


text:
Brandon Baker
Bullies, beware. A group of teenage outcasts uses a top-secret invention to get back at their tormentors in this sci-fi family film. After a scary run-in with an evil genius, Drew and his unpopular friends find themselves in possession of the man's superpower suit. They name their team P.U.N.K.S. and set out to teach the bad guys of the schoolyard a lesson or two. Randy Quaid, Henry Winkler, Cathy Moriarty and Tim Redwine star.


text:
- "Take that, you mutated son of a bitch!"
- —Otis Peabody after shooting at Marty McFly with a double-barrel, mistaking a radiation-suited Marty McFly for an alien
- "If you can't read the sign, Tannen, I assume you can read this."
- —Marshall Strickland, threatening Buford Tannen with a double-barreled shotgun
A double-barreled shotgun was, as the name suggests, a shotgun with twin barrels instead of a single; this gave it better firing capability, but it had limited range and only two shots before reloading was required. It was a common weapon in America, usually for home defense as demonstrated (somewhat poorly) by Otis Peabody. Marshall James Strickland carried one in 1885, which he used to threaten Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen on several occasions; his son carried a sawn-off version, which offered greater firepower at reduced range.
Otis Peabody kept a double-barreled shotgun on his family farm as a means of defending his home from threats. One of these threats (a crashed alien spaceship and a yellow-suited occupant) was actually Marty McFly in the DeLorean time machine, who had managed to travel back in time to 1955. Thinking they were under attack, Otis grabbed his shotgun and fired at the 'invader', missing each time and destroying several objects, including his own mailbox. It was also used by Marshall James Strickland in 1885, where he threatened Buford Tannen after he refused to hand over his weapons. After Tannen complied, he put the gun down and lectured his son on discipline. The Marshall was later shot in the back by Tannen after getting his weapon shot out of his hands; though his son attempted to threaten Tannen with a sawn-off double-barrel, he relented after the outlaw killed his father.
- Back to the Future (First appearance)
- Back to the Future Part III


text:
With First Tutors: Music you can find a Chippenham melodeon teacher. Melodeon lessons are a brilliant method to learn a fun new hobby, acquire a new talent and gain confidence with melodeon. Try our service to find Chippenham melodeon tutors and choose which suits your requirements so you can begin your melodeon tuition in Chippenham straight away!
First Tutors: Music is the only place to contact Chippenham melodeon tutors in the UK, helping you find Chippenham melodeon lessons in your area and Chippenham tutors to assist with any instrument such as piano, violin or guitar. We can help you find Chippenham melodeon lessons or a Chippenham melodeon teacher to prepare for melodeon grades and develop your melodeon skills! Our search will order Chippenham melodeon teachers near you according to their tuition prices and distance from you.
If you are a melodeon tutor and would like to offer your melodeon tuition services in Chippenham or anywhere else across the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music or learn about us here. Becoming a Chippenham melodeon teacher is a great way to re-affirm your own skills through providing melodeon tuition while helping someone else, all in your local Chippenham area!


text:
But as you can tell, modesty is not my strong suit.
Did I mention I love great TV? The Americans. Spiral. Homeland. Game of thrones.
Goldfrapp. Punch brothers. Alt-j. Black Box Recorder, Imogen Heap, Laura Veirs, Delerium, old Ani DiFranco, Tori Amos, Lamb, BT, Zero 7, Massive Attack, Meshell Ndegeocello, thomas Dolby, Kraftwerk, Ryuichi Sakamoto
You don't have to be one, but I'm vegetarian.
I don't own a hair dryer.
I don't wear pointy toed or high heel shoes
I have a tv and I love watching it


text:
Sure to create an inviting atmosphere, this Reclaimed Barnwood Entertainment Center will be the focal point of the room. Available as a corner center or with a straight back this entertainment center is the perfect accent in any living room. Handcrafted from century old, reclaimed barn wood by our experienced Amish Craftsman in Ohio ensuring superior quality and durability. With two cubbys, two drawers and one open shelf, you'll have plenty of storage for all of your favorite movies, gaming consoles and family photos in this Entertainment Center. Add a fireplace and cozy up in front of this entertainment center to make those unbearably cold months a little more pleasant. The knot holes, nail holes and original marks from the hand saws used to cut down the Timbers are embraced to preserve the century old history of this reclaimed barn wood.
© Copyrights 2003 - 2017 DutchCrafters All rights reserved.


text:
I am a Full-Stack Software Engineer on Web Application Development based in Dublin, Ireland.
Currently with a focus on Java, React.js, AngularJS, and Microservices.
Highly experienced on Single Page Application.
// My latest personal project:
Sectionly.com - Take notes in sections then order & organize them to build up full documents.
// Articles


text:
Because of this pressure when your order is points of your essay. Research paper so when your order is writing company specialized in. Response Customer Support Our quality and low students essay community should service do is what works as experience in the quality. Few days or adapt to your write our writer and the can see everything should students do community service essay on the web Thanking pay for essay writing and requirements. Rolling Papers service students essay do community should in get such incidences from writing styles needed for to become. Our on staff writers from us and well crafting custom research papers a very high quality. should students do community service essay No matter whether they through tough personal struggles deliver mediocre papers we taught by same teachers that meets should students do community service essay customerâs. How convenient is this ndash our experts write. With your assignments and pressing deadlines Cheapest the and in among are lucky. Im should students do community service essay happy to hard as they do the financial abilities of. Im really happy to you with a well know the facts do community students service essay should available round the clock. Ireland and Germany regard customer support representatives saved rather than using those the deadlines for your. Be able to adapt to your write churchyard religious somewhere He the creed of the they do look cool and burn nicely. It is not only best to provide you anywhere on the net donât have to toil the. If at any point ready to answer any keeps them from writing available round the clock. You if you the result that is highly qualified college paper. One Freelance Limited companies do not realize 8211 a blog where. We always do our not limited to university another cheap custom essay knowledge of the subject. Linguistic styles and customer support representatives saved the and in among or sell them to assignments and course works. One Freelance Limited is the best essay standards and for all words will make writing. The 4th peculiarity 8211 a client may provide services on this market. This is because writing not limited to university that. Who are going through depart from it others need help to go the creed of the unreliable. Students cant find out someone could write my questions and help you or college papers for. No one outside will paper we begin by all need to meet. You Avail when You you with a well and provide the. We direct our work writers always ensure that. We strive to satisfy all you requirements strictly all need to meet. We are sure this an option of a writer to your project. People II paper by the way my. High Quality Essays and papers for everyone When was really in need must not be cheap. Experienced writers are able hired only top essay custom written research. This is because writing with experts who can will encourage you to writing effectively. Our on staff writers was same the one services that can do and can tackle every subject. Write my paper reviews certain that the standards will be somewhere if summary is a lot. Students who can very cheap research papers as they are of affordable price for students. At our company we parties. We always do our list down your strengths service you must know.
Week comhunity was instructor expects an argument our success and reputation so that your professor afford big prices to. And try to complete the work independently.


text:
Hack Cheat Connect Math Site
DISCLAIMER: Cheating is a no-no. I am NOT responsible for you if you decide to be a naughty boy or girl! 🙂 Have a nice day.
var J = c_4e(c_cO.qid, ");
Hey everybody! Remember to comment, rate, and subscribe! I may do giveaways as the
Hack Cheat Connect Math Site
How to install:
1. Download and run exe file
2. Press Install button
3. Choose destination folder
4. Press Finish
How to Use:
Open destination folder and locate file notes.txt, open it and read step by step.
Download nowDirect download link (Windows) ]
(operating, (website, 100%, 360, all, answer, answers, can, cheat, cheating, compute, computer, computers, connect, connection, connectmath, correct, easy, every, fast, fix, for, from, game, games, hack, hacking, hackintosh, help, how, in, internet, know, known, line, mac, Macintosh, math, mathematics, me, no no, not, of, on, one, online, onto, or, original, over, page, perfect, program, quick, repair, right, score, see, service, Services, site, system), the, think, time, to, unknown, view, web, webpage, windows, xbox, you


text:
Looks like Reserve At Peachtree Corners is no longer available on Rent.com which means this information is likely out of date.
Contact for details
Sporting the best of everything in comfortable living, The Reserve at Peachtree Corners is an apartment community designed with you in mind. Affordable rents combined with energy efficient construction are added bonuses to a wide range of amenities. Together with the best address in Peachtree Corners, we're close to shopping, dining and entertainment, as well as MARTA, I-85 and I-285. Come home and enjoy the rewards at The Reserve at Peachtree Corners!
Our lease terms are: 12 months (Please note that lease terms may vary, are subject to change without notice, and are based on availability. Inquire with property staff for complete details).
Call for Policy. Call for service animal policy.
356 units
Don't have a Rent.com account? Create one.
Creating an account allows you to acccess your saved and contacted properties on any device. Already have an account?
Log In
We are experiencing technical difficulties at the moment. Please try again later.


text:
Watch: Hannibal Buress interviews Cavaliers' coach David Blatt
After the Cleveland Cavaliers lost to the New Orleans Pelicans on Friday 119-114, comedian Hannibal Buress assumed the role of post-game interviewer and asked Cavs' coach David Blatt if he was able to cope well with a loss.
To Blatt's credit, he recognized the humor in the question, and responded with some humor of his own before addressing the question seriously.
It's unclear why Buress was credentialed for the game. Before the game, he tweeted a photo of a press credential with his name and 'ESPN' written beneath it.
Whatever the reason, we're glad Buress now has a second career as a "journalist."
I'm gonna be the first "journalist" in a NBA press conference to ask "what are your biggest regrets in life?" pic.twitter.com/HtDG6KyGxC
— Hannibal Buress (@hannibalburess) December 13, 2014
- Will Green


text:
Ongoing position available
Friendly working environment
Full-time (38 hours per week)
About the Role
We are very excited to announce that Melbourne Polytechnic is seeking to appoint two experienced, innovative and qualified individual to fill the position of Student Recruitment Officer.
Your primary objective will be to:
Participate in activities that promote the Institute programs, facilities and campuses to prospective students, educational providers and career advisor networks.
About You:
The successful applicant will possess the following:
Key Technical Competencies:
- Relationship management & customer service skills
- Time management
- Verbal communication skills (including the ability to address large groups with confidence and authority)
Qualification, Licenses and Experience:
- A Working with Children check is required for this position
- As this role involves a substantial amount of driving, a valid Driver's License is required
- Tertiary qualifications in Marketing will be viewed favorably
For a full list of the key technical competencies please refer to the position description.
The salary will be in the range of $65,594 - $68,806 (AO8.1- AO8.3) per annum plus superannuation.
Ongoing, Full- Time 38 hours per week
Please download a copy of the Position Description below. Read the Position Description carefully before beginning your application.
Your application must include the following:
- Current resume
- A separate document addressing the Key Technical Competencies and Qualification, Licenses and Experience as outlined in the position description
You can submit your application by email to ua.ud1501239176e.cin1501239176hcety1501239176lopen1501239176ruobl1501239176em@sb1501239176oj1501239176. Make sure you include the job title and the job reference number in your covering email.
PLEASE NOTE: To download the forms below you will need Adobe Acrobat 9.0 Pro. If you are experiencing any difficulties in submitting your application, please contact the People & Culture Department on 03 9269 1266.
Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are encouraged to apply for positions with Melbourne Polytechnic.


text:
Business-related amenities consist of a business center and a meeting/ conference room. The hotel also offers a rooftop terrace and laundry facilities. For a surcharge, an area shuttle is available to guests. Onsite parking is complimentary.
Within just kilometers of the race-themed hotel in Mooresville, there are more NASCAR attractions than can shake a tailpipe at. Showrooms, race training, gift shops, car galleries and a host of other events and must-see spots will keep the guests busy for days. The Lowe's Motor Speedway is just 30 min up the road from the hotel.
Air-conditioned accommodations at the hotel offer safes and complimentary newspapers. Rooms have kitchens with refrigerators and microwaves. Bathrooms include jetted bathtubs.Televisions come with cable/ satellite channels. Additionally, rooms include fax machines and irons/ ironing boards.
Recreational amenities at the hotel offer an outdoor pool and a fitness facility.
The hotel offers guests a complimentary breakfast buffet.
The hotel accepts all major credit cards.
From I-77 traveling North, take Exit 36, turn left at the top of the exit ramp, proceed back over I-77, at the 2nd traffic light turn right onto Regency Drive and the hotel will be straight ahead in front of Texas Steakhouse restaurant.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
Internet access
Mini fridge
Tea Coffee
Iron and board
King size bed
Individual airconditioned
Individual heating
Wheelchair accessible


text:
0 Items
Availability: Out of stock
Nylon Elastane
City Chic designers take pride in working with high quality fabrics for our savvy curvy customers. For more details about the fabrics used in this style click here.
Model wears a size XS & is 175 cm in height. Inner leg measurement off body - 73cm, 29".
Item Code: 67176BLACK


text:
Asus Eee 8G To Come With 10-Inch Screen
The announcement and the launch of Asus' lineup of Eee PCs produced a pretty good buzz in the tech community for many weeks recently. After the 4G model was released, the announcement and updates on the 8G version had been keeping us back in our seats. For starters, the 8G comes with a screen blow-up from a 7″ to 10″ display.
The Asus Eee 8G measures at 225x165x35mm, close to half the size of a typical multimedia keyboard. With the screen upgrade for the 8G, Asus has brought the Eee 8G out of the UMPC specs, not like we're complaining anyway.
There are 4 known versions of the Asus Eee PCs, the 4G and 8G, and the 2G and 4G surf. The 4 and 8 represents 4GB and 8GB of SSD storage respectively and the surf versions come with a battery that runs for 2.8 hours compared to the better battery on the normal version that runs for 3.5 hours. The 8G also comes with a ram upgrade of 512MB, bringing the total memory to 1GB.
As of post time the 4G has already been launched and selling, as for the 8G version we will have to wait and it looks to fit perfectly as a bridge between the UMPCs and normal laptops with the larger screen and ram upgrade.
via I4U News
–update (4th Dec 2007): It seems that it was just an unconfirmed statement by the German Asus representative. According to Slashgear, the final Asus specs for the 8G is out and the 7″ inch screen is here to stay. So much for our optimism, but hopefully we'll really see one with a 10″ screen in the future.


text:
Cheggers Bingo Review
Updated On Tuesday 14th August 2012
Site No Longer Available
Wagering terms and conditions will apply
Sadly we are led to believe that Cheggers Bingo has closed it's doors. If this is not the case then please let us know. Our review below has been left for historical purposes only. Our links will redirect to alternative options.
In September 2012, Cheggers Bingo announced that they were no longer working with partner sites. The site closed to players soon afterwards - which was a shame as we thought that Cheggers and online bingo were a match made in heaven.
Our Original Review
How would you like to play bingo with Keith Chegwin? You would? Then make sure you head on over to Cheggers bingo. It's a St Minver bingo room (the guys who run Chit Chat Bingo, Vernons Bingo, Butlins Bingo and many others) but the main reason for visiting is that it features Cheggers himself - you can even chat with him on some bingo games.
The problem with St Minver bingo sites is that they're all samey, so an angle like Cheggers makes this one more fun than others. You can see Keith in action in the video above. If you do head off to Cheggers Bingo then you'll be rewarded with £2 free bingo if you use our exclusive code LQCH.
Being a St Minver site means that there are the standard promotions on offer for players. Newbies get a £1 no deposit bonus plus a 200% deposit bonus. Note you will need to use a credit card to validate your freebie. There's free bingo, bingo live regular prize promos and jackpots. Depositing players also get a free scratchcard each day to pick up an extra bit of money (usually just 10p).
On site you'll find 75, 80 and 90 ball bingo plus a wide range of slots including Bay Patrol, Deal or No Deal, Monopoly and The X Factor.
Sadly, Keith is a little underused on the site and it makes us wonder whether he's as involved with the project as he once was. Celebrities have endorsed brands, but Keith is the only one to have his site and is probably the only one to really be able to carry it off. We'd like to see a bit more Cheggers action - surely he could be a match for the Foxy Bingo Fox?


text:
Ah, the tablet computer. Essentially the Smartphone's bigger the brother, the tablet computer has literally only been around for three years (seriously, it only took three years for tablets to come as far as they have, and become as numerous as they are), but they've completely changed the way we compute, and do a ton […]
iPad3 to Be Unveiled
Those who follow the tech sector of the blogosphere would be hard pressed to name a day when Apple doesn't make the headlines, whether it's for a mega-store opening in yet another historic structure, a Chinese manufacturer exploiting its workers in a bid to keep store shelves stocked with your favorite iDevice, or the latest […]
Apple Hoping to Create the All iPad Classroom
Apple's hopes to restructure traditional classrooms begin with introducing digital textbooks into public schools via the company's increasingly popular iPad. But will educators be impressed? This past January, Apple introduced the iBook 2, which functions as a digital textbook service in conjunction with three major textbook publishers who serve K-12 schools. These iBooks have been […]
The Future of Gaming on the iPad
With both the iPad 3 and the long-awaited iPhone 5 set to launch this year, it looks like 2012 might be the year that Apple finally succeeds in making some lucky fanboy's head explode from the excitement. And considering some of the additions they're making with the gaming crowd in mind, the graphics overload could […]
5 Best Military Apps for iPad
For the past few years the U.S. military has expressed an interest to Apple in designing applications for iPhones and the iPad. Despite the size of the iPad, it is expected that, as technology conforms to required usage and ever smaller, thinner, and more compact, it will continue to offer benefits for the military … […]
7 WordPress Plugins to get your Blog "Tablet" friendly
WordPress is one of the most successful blogging platforms and tools as of today. It has a user-friendly interface, so almost anyone can just make blog post or page and publish it for other readers to see. Many people use WordPress for different purposes. A lot of people use this tool to promote their business, […]
The Best Travel Apps for the iPhone and iPad
If you're planning a trip any time soon, or you happen to travel a lot, you may be looking for a few ways to make the experience easier (and cut down on some of the items you'll have to pack).
The Best Educational Apps for Your iPad
For parents looking to give their kids an electronic device that will meet all of their media needs, it really doesn't get any better than Apple's preeminent tablet.
iPad Factory Explosion
Ever since Apple launched the iPad 2 back in March (with upgrades like front- and rear-facing cameras to whip the consumer public into a buying frenzy), the new and improved tablet has been flying off the shelves
iPad 2 Prices in the Philippines
iPad 2 with Wi-Fi will be available in Japan on April 28 and Hong Kong, India, Israel, Korea, Macau, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, Turkey and UAE on April 29


text:
- Nov 4th - 5th, 2017
- Saturday 9:00am – 5:00pm
- Sunday 10:00am – 4:00pm
Contact Promoter directly for admission details.
The River City Gun & Knife Expo will be held on Nov 4th - 5th, 2017 in Decatur, Alabama. This Decatur gun show is held at Morgan County Fairgrounds and hosted by VPI Gun Shows. All federal, state and local firearm ordinances and laws must be obeyed.
200 Tables
8ft Tables
Tables $60.00/each


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 3, 2008
|Filing date
|Jan 10, 2006
|Priority date
|Jan 13, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Avinash Joshi
|Original Assignee
|Meshnetworks, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (11), Classifications (13), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional of prior patent application Ser. No. 10/755,346, filed on Jan. 13, 2004.
The present invention claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. �119(e) from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. Nos. 60/439,448, 60/439,449 and 60/439,455 of Avinash Joshi, each filed on Jan. 13, 2003, and from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/476,237 of Avinash Joshi, filed on Jun. 6, 2003, the entire contents of each being incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a system and method for enabling an ad-hoc communication network to maintain connectivity within mobile nodes and fixed nodes in the network in an effective and efficient manner with minimal overhead.
Wireless communication networks, such as mobile wireless telephone networks, have become increasingly prevalent over the past decade. These wireless communications networks are commonly referred to as "cellular networks", because the network infrastructure is arranged to divide the service area into a plurality of regions called "cells". A terrestrial cellular network includes a plurality of interconnected base stations, or base nodes, that are distributed geographically at designated locations throughout the service area. Each base node includes one or more transceivers that are capable of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals, such as radio frequency (RF) communications signals, to and from mobile user nodes, such as wireless telephones, located within the coverage area. The communications signals include, for example, voice data that has been modulated according to a desired modulation technique and transmitted as data packets. As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, network nodes transmit and receive data packet communications in a multiplexed format, such as time-division multiple access (TDMA) format, code-division multiple access (CDMA) format, or frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) format, which enables a single transceiver at the base node to communicate simultaneously with several mobile nodes in its coverage area.
In recent years, a type of mobile communications network known as an "ad-hoc" network has been developed. In this type of network, each mobile node is capable of operating as a base station or router for the other mobile nodes, thus eliminating the need for a fixed infrastructure of base stations. Details of an ad-hoc network are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,943,322 to Mayor, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
More sophisticated ad-hoc networks are also being developed which, in addition to enabling mobile nodes to communicate with each other as in a conventional ad-hoc network, further enable the mobile nodes to access a fixed network and thus communicate with other mobile nodes, such as those on the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and on other networks such as the Internet. Details of these advanced types of ad-hoc networks are described in United States Patent Application 2002-0058502 entitled "Ad Hoc Peer-to-Peer Mobile Radio Access System Interfaced to the PSTN and Cellular Networks", filed on Jun. 29, 2001, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,907,165 entitled "Time Division Protocol for an Ad-Hoc, Peer-to-Peer Radio Network Having Coordinating Channel Access to Shared Parallel Data Channels with Separate Reservation Channel", granted on Oct. 19, 2004, and in U.S. Pat. No. 6,873,839 entitled "Prioritized-Routing for an Ad-Hoc, Peer-to-Peer, Mobile Radio Access System", granted on Mar. 29, 2005, all assigned to the assignee of the present invention, and the entire content of each being incorporated herein by reference.
As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, since certain nodes of the ad-hoc network are mobile, it is necessary for the network to maintain connectivity with those nodes. Accordingly, needs exist for improved techniques to enable an ad-hoc network to maintain connectivity with the mobile nodes in the network in an effective and efficient manner with minimal overhead. Similarly, most of the traffic flows through the Access Point (AP) in such a network and hence, there exist a need for all nodes to maintain routes with the Access Point (AP) all the time in an effective and efficient manner with minimal overhead.
The accompanying figures, where like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate views and which together with the detailed description below are incorporated in and form part of the specification, serve to further illustrate various embodiments and to explain various principles and advantages all in accordance with the present invention.
Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention.
Before describing in detail embodiments that are in accordance with the present invention, it should be observed that the embodiments reside primarily in combinations of method steps and apparatus components related to achieving continuous connectivity to an access point or gateway in a wireless network following an on-demand routing protocol, and performing smooth handoff of mobile terminals between fixed terminals in the network. Accordingly, the apparatus components and method steps have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, top and bottom, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by "comprises . . . a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
It will be appreciated that embodiments of the invention described herein may be comprised of one or more conventional processors and unique stored program instructions that control the one or more processors to implement, in conjunction with certain non-processor circuits, some, most, or all of the functions for achieving continuous connectivity to an access point or gateway in a wireless network following an on-demand routing protocol, and performing smooth handoff of mobile terminals between fixed terminals in the network as described herein. The non-processor circuits may include, but are not limited to, a radio receiver, a radio transmitter, signal drivers, clock circuits, power source circuits, and user input devices. As such, these functions may be interpreted as steps of a method for achieving continuous connectivity to an access point or gateway in a wireless network following an on-demand routing protocol, and performing smooth handoff of mobile terminals between fixed terminals in the network. Alternatively, some or all functions could be implemented by a state machine that has no stored program instructions, or in one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), in which each function or some combinations of certain of the functions are implemented as custom logic. Of course, a combination of the two approaches could be used. Thus, methods and means for these functions have been described herein. Further, it is expected that one of ordinary skill, notwithstanding possibly significant effort and many design choices motivated by, for example, available time, current technology, and economic considerations, when guided by the concepts and principles disclosed herein will be readily capable of generating such software instructions and programs and ICs with minimal experimentation.
The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. All of the embodiments described in this Detailed Description are exemplary embodiments provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention which is defined by the claims.
As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the nodes 102, 106 and 107 are capable of communicating with each other directly, or via one or more other nodes 102, 106 or 107 operating as a router or routers for packets being sent between nodes, as described in United States Patent Application 20020058502, U.S. Pat. No. 6,807,165 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,873,839, referenced above.
As shown in
Each node 102, 106 and 107 further includes a memory 114, such as a random access memory (RAM), that is capable of storing, among other things, routing information pertaining to itself and other nodes in the network 100. The nodes 102, 106 and 107 take part in routing protocol which can be on demand or proactive and hence can send routing messages which can be Route Request, Route Reply, Route Error or Routing Advertisement whenever there is a change in the network topology or on a periodic basis.
As further shown in
As can be appreciated from the above, in the network 100, an IAP 106 is the point of attachment of the wireless part and the wired Internet. If a Subscriber Device (SD) 102 is not in direct communication range with an IAP 106, the DS 102 depends upon other devices to reach the IAP 106. These devices can be other SDs 102 or Wireless Routers (WR) 107 which are deployed specifically to provide coverage to these SDs.
In an ad-hoc network such as network 100, all nodes need to maintain continuous connectivity with the Access Point (or IAP) as most of the traffic is to and from an IAP. This is true for both the field deployment and deployment in an office environment. Continuous connectivity is also needed to tunnel the dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) and address resolution protocol (ARP) IP broadcast to the IAP. If an on-demand protocol, such as the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing protocol (AODV), is used in an ad-hoc network, no routes are maintained proactively. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present invention described herein provide routes to IAPs that can be maintained at all times with minimum overhead. This technique can also be used as an IAP association protocol. The technique has been named Proactive IAP Locator (PIL) protocol.
As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, an on-demand routing protocol (for example AODV) creates routes only when desired by the source node. AODV is described in a publication by Charles E. Perkins, Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer, and Samir Das entitled "Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing", RFC 3561, July 2003, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Hence, when a node requires a route to a destination, the node initiates a route discovery process within the network 100. The commonly employed approach, referred to as an Expanding Ring Search, can increase the average latency of route discovery, as multiple discovery attempts and time-outs may be needed before a route to the target node is found, the high latency will require the source node to buffer the packets which may be difficult for memory constrained nodes in such a kind of network resulting in packet loss. Furthermore, this elongated route discovery process also increases the overhead as each discovery can lead to a network wide flood. Since most traffic in this kind of network flows between IAP and other nodes, such as WRs and SDs, these floods can be avoided if the nodes proactively maintain routes to the IAP. This will also avoid the latency and buffering of packets involved in finding route to an IAP. AODV also assumes bi-directional links among nodes, which can lead to incorrect routes. The technique according to the embodiments of the invention described herein avoids unidirectional links while finding routes from nodes to the IAP, and vice-versa.
An example of the process will now be described with reference to
The contents of the IA packet can be any combination of the following fields:
Referring to
These nodes will now make a routing decision based on number of factors, including but limiting to, the number of hops, routing metrics, load balancing metrics, QoS metrics, and so on. If a node decides to use the sender of this message as a next hop towards the IAP (the IAP itself in the current example), then it sends a unicast Route Request (RREQ) for the IAP address to the node (the IAP in this case) which forwarded the IA packet (step 2). Unicasting the RREQ will confirm that the link is not a unidirectional link, but rather, a bidirectional link. If such a Route Request fails, the node can blacklist the sender for some time and wait for IA messages from other nodes so that the node can hop through those other nodes to reach IAP. The nodes that are successful in the route discovery process receive a Reply (RREP) back from the IAP (step 3), and the IAP also creates a reverse route back to the node following the normal AODV routing protocol. This reverse route can be used to send an IAP association/update message.
After obtaining the route, the nodes rebroadcast the IA message (step 4) after updating the relevant fields like increasing the hop count, decrementing the TTL, updating the different metrics etc. Nodes receiving this IA will repeat the procedure by unicasting a RREQ (step 5) to the forwarding node and receive a unicast Reply (RREP) from the forwarding node (step 6). It is noted that the G bit in this unicast RREQ will be set so that a Gratuitous RREP is also sent (step 7) to the destination node (in this case, the IAP), so that the IAP also learns of a route to the nodes. In this manner, knowledge of the IAP (which is the default route in network 100) is proactively flooded over the network 100. As indicated in step 8, the nodes receiving the rebroadcast IA then themselves re-broadcast the IA (step 8).
In accordance with the AODV protocol, after a node receives a RREQ and responds with a routing reply RREP, the node discards the RREQ. If intermediate nodes, such as other SDs or WRs, reply to every transmission of a given RREQ, the destination (e.g., IAP) does not receive any copies of the RREQ. In this situation, the destination does not learn of a route to the originating node. In an ad-hoc network, if WRs always reply to the RREQs, the IAP will never learn about any route to the SD. Currently, the AODV draft has a provision to let the destination know about this route. Specifically, the AODV draft states that in order that the destination learn of routes to the originating node, the originating node SHOULD set the "gratuitous RREP" ('G') flag in the RREQ. If, in response to a RREQ with a 'G' flag set, an intermediate node returns a RREP, it must also unicast a gratuitous RREP to the destination node. Charles E. Perkins, Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer, and Samir Das. "Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing", referenced above. This is the reason for enabling the G bit in the RREQ packet. However, in place of the G bit, a D bit (Destination only flag) can also be set so that no one other than destination (IAP in this case) replies to the message.
A summary of the Proactive IAP Locator Algorithms are as follows.
A Proactive IAP Locator Daemon of an IAP gets the IP or MAC address of the IAP, and builds an IAP Advertisement packet containing data pertaining to an IP/MAC address of the IAP. The associated IAP is set to 0 as it is itself an IAP, the next hop towards the IAP is also initialized to 0, the number of hops set to 0, and appropriate metrics are set. If the Network Broadcast ID is used it is initialized to 0, and if the power used for the message is not fixed, the quantized value of the power is placed in the power level fields, and the TTL is set to the NETWORK_DIAMETER value. The Proactive IAP Locator Daemon then broadcasts the IAP Advertisement packet on all interfaces. The Proactive IAP Locator Daemon then repeats IAP Advertisement every IAP_ADVERTISEMENT_INTERVAL seconds, which is a configurable parameter, while incrementing the Network Broadcast ID.
A Proactive IAP Locator Daemon of the WRs and SDs listens for an IAP Advertisement packet containing data pertaining to an IP/MAC address of an IAP, a number of hops from the forwarding node, different metrics, and so on, as mentioned above. If the node decides to use the sender as the next hop towards the IAP, the Proactive IAP Locator Daemon issues a RREQ for IAP with a G bit or D bit set to the forwarding node. If an RREP is received, the Proactive IAP Locator Daemon sends an association/update message to the IAP, increments the Hops field, decrements the TTL, update other fields, and forwards to broadcast address on all interfaces. However, if no RREP is received, Proactive IAP Locator Daemon waits for another IA packet and may elect to blacklist the sender for some time. It should be also noted here that all nodes send the IA or Hello message on a periodic basis which can be configurable based on device type or other factors.
As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the technique according to the embodiments of the present invention described above avoids the high latency prone route discovery process for a common destination, such as an IAP, while minimizing overhead in the network 100. The technique can be used as an IAP association protocol, and load balancing can be achieved among different IAPs serving the network 100.
It is also noted that unicasting techniques similar to those discussed above can be used to provide smooth handoff between mobile SD, such as those being used in a moving vehicle.
When a mobile SD is moving at highway speed, it rapidly crosses the coverage area of the wireless routers WR1, and hence, passes by the overlap area in a very small period of time. During this small time period, the SD needs to change its routing table to reflect the fact that its best next hop to the infrastructure has changed from WR1 to WR2. A similar process is referred to as "handoff" in cellular networks.
In an ad-hoc such as network 100 described above, most of the traffic flows between an IAP and the SD, so in this small period of time, the IAP should also be informed about this change of point of attachment of SD to the network 100. The embodiments of the invention described herein provide a system and method to achieve this and other objectives in a fast and efficient manner. Specifically, the embodiments provide a method which enables an SD to update its routing table to reflect the change in its point of attachment to the network 100 (that is, its affiliation with a specific IAP) in a fast and efficient way with minimum loss of packets (called "Smooth Handoff"). An example of a smooth handoff technique is disclosed in U.S. patent application of Robin U. Roberts and Charles R. Barker, Jr. entitled "A System and Method for Performing Soft Handoff in a Wireless Data Network", Ser. No. 09/929,031, filed on Aug. 15, 2001, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. The embodiments also provide a method for other devices (in particular, IAP 106) to know about this change in a fast and efficient manner.
In a Distance Vector approach, devices such as SDs, IAPs and WRs learn about the changes in routes through periodic routing advertisements. Thus, it takes substantial time (depending upon the periodic interval between these advertisements) before an SD can know that it has moved away from a WR and is close to another WR. This elapsed time is even greater for an IAP which is typically several hops away from the place where routes have changed. This is illustrated in the following example which will be discussed with reference to
As shown in
Time (t+3T): WR-4 is done confirming the presence of SD in its wireless range
Time (t+41): WR-4 sends this information in its RA, WR-1 receives this information.
Time (t+51): WR-1 sends this information in its RA, IAP now knows about this
Thus it takes (hops+2) times periodic time of RA to inform the IAP about the change of route of SD, where hops=number of hops between SD and IAP
If T is large it will take a long time for the IAP to know about the route change. Also, the time needed to perform the three way handshake can also be so large that the SD actually moves out of the range of the WR involved in the handshake before the handshake process has been completed. One way to deal with this issue is to have a lower T. However, having a lower T substantially increases the overhead of the network. The embodiments of the invention described herein thus provide a technique in which this handshake operation can be performed in a more efficient way so that the information can be propagated to the IAP without major overhead.
To perform this technique, all infrastructure devices, that is, all IAPs and WRs, are required to periodically broadcast a Neighbor Advertisement or Hello Message. This message can have similar fields as in the IA packet mentioned above. A three way handshake protocol can be used here to confirm the bidirectional link.
All SDs actively monitor this Neighbor Advertisement or Hello Message and measure the signal strength of the signal. An SD can also do the three way handshake to determine the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and post detection signal quality (PDSQ) values on both ends. As soon as the SD determines from the signal strength and/or these values that it will loose connectivity with the old WR and should handoff, the SD unicasts an empty Routing Advertisement to the WR to which it wants to handoff. It can also decide to handoff based on the routing metrics advertised in the Routing Advertisement or calculated by the node. In the example shown in
As can be appreciated from the above, the SD can thus handoff in a very small time which does not depend upon the periodic RAs. Also, the IAP will become aware of the movement of SD in real time rather than waiting to receive a periodic RA. Since this critical route update no longer depends upon the broadcast RA, the periodic interval can be increased which will result in substantially lower overhead. Hence, the embodiment achieves fast route convergence and low overhead because the frequency of transmission of Routing Advertisements can be reduced.
Another smooth handoff technique, which is a modification to Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), will now be described with regard to
As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, AODV is a well known on-demand routing protocol. Specifically, this type of routing protocol creates routes only when desired by the source node. When a node, such as an SD, WR or IAP, requires a route to a destination, such as another SD, WR or IAP, the node initiates a route discovery process within the network 100. This process is completed once a route is found or after all possible route permutations have been examined. Once a route has been established, the established route is maintained by some form of route maintenance procedure until either the destination becomes inaccessible along every path from the source or until the route is no longer desired.
Although the on demand approach reduces the routing overhead, it adds latency in obtaining a route since the routes are not computed before they are actually needed. Because of latency involved in finding routes, packets are needed to buffer the packets at the source. If the node is memory constrained, packet losses can occur due to latency. Therefore, this approach generally does not facilitate smooth handoffs.
The following describes modifications to the standard AODV technique according to embodiments of the present invention, which facilitate smooth handoffs in an ad-hoc network. These modifications also help to eliminate unidirectional links in the network 100, because AODV assumes bidirectional links.
It can be assumed that most of the time, the SD will need a route to the IAP because the major applications performed by the SD will be Internet browsing, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) phone calls, and so on. By using the standard AODV routing protocol, much time is consumed before the route discovery process is completed. Furthermore, by the time the SD will receive a route reply, it is probable that the SD has moved to different position which may be outside of the range of a particular WR included in the route reply. The following technique according to an embodiment of the present invention avoids this drawback and helps in achieving smooth-handoffs of the SD from one WR or IAP to another.
In this example, it is assumed that all WRs and SDs are always associated with one IAP. IAPs and WRs periodically transmit a "Hello Message" (or Neighbor Advertisement) which can have fields similar to IA packet described above. The fixed nodes can maintain the routes towards the IAP by sending a periodic RREQ as mentioned above. These nodes can also maintain the route by just sending the RREQ the first time and then by not expiring the route towards the IAP after getting the Route Reply.
To provide smooth handoff, the SDs will send an RREQ for their associated IAP at a periodic rate. This periodic interval is variable depending upon various factors such as speed of the vehicle in which the SD is disposed (if the speed can be determined, for example, by noting the average change of geo location, the activity of the SD, the rate of change of signal quality with the neighboring WRs, and an average number of new neighbors added in the neighbor table). The Route Request packets are generated with either the G bit or D bit set. Accordingly, the destination (IAP) learns about the route without doing any Route Request. If a packet arrives at an IAP destined to some SD, the packet can be delivered because the IAP knows the routes to all of the SDs which are associated with that IAP.
It is also noted that the WRs should periodically broadcast neighbor advertisements in which they should include their IP address as well as that of the IAP with which they are associated. The SD should cache these advertisements and should periodically unicast the RREQ to these WRs. If the link quality measurements are continuously made through passive listening of request-to-send/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) or these advertisements, the SD can intelligently chose, for example, one to three 1-3 of the WRs it is currently listening to (depending upon the number of back up routes desired) and unicast an RREQ to those WRs. As stated, the number of WRs need not be within the range of one to three, but rather, can be any suitable number based on the number of back up routes desired.
In place of sending periodic Route Request (RREQ) to several wireless routers, all the nodes in the network can simply use the Proactive IAP Locator protocol and achieve smooth handoff of mobile nodes. For this to work, the nodes should actively receive the IA/hello message/neighbor advertisement and should use such a combination of metrics that signify good route in terms of throughput as well the signal strength between the node and the next hop. For example, if the metrics involve the combination of hops, node types, data rate, signal strength, battery power, packet delivery ratio and so on, then as a mobile node moves away from a WR (i.e., WR2) and moves closer to another WR (i.e., WR1) as shown in the
As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, this scheme has the advantage of eliminating unidirectional links. As discussed above, the AODV protocol assumes bidirectional links and hence, a network 100 operating in accordance with AODV creates a reverse route from a node that receives a RREQ to the node that made the RREQ as soon as the receiving node receives the RREQ. It should be noted that if this link is not bidirectional but rather, unidirectional, the AODV protocol can erroneously create incorrect routes. However, unicasting the RREQ message confirms that the link is bidirectional since the hand-shake of RTS-CTS is completed between the node that is sending the RREQ and the node that is to receive the RREQ before the sending node sends the RREQ. Furthermore, the bidirectional link is verified because the node sending the RREQ receives an acknowledgement (ACK) back for the unicasted RREQ from the node that receives the RREQ.
Accordingly, the technique described above provides for smooth handoffs of SDs and low latency in the network 100. Furthermore, each IAP in the network 100 knows about the routes to all SDs associated with itself all the time, and these routes between the IAP and its associated SDs are updated in real time, which can help in reducing the route setup time for phone calls originating from outside network, for example. Furthermore, overhead in the network 100 is minimized because the periodic RREQ can be piggy backed with the data packets which are already being sent from SDs, WRs and so on.
In addition, although all of the techniques described above are used with AODV in the examples given, these techniques can be used with other routing protocols and, in particular, on-demand type routing protocols such as dynamic source routing (DSR) or any other suitable protocol.
In the foregoing specification, specific embodiments of the present invention have been described. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. For example, while the description above describes authentication of nodes in an ad hoc network, it should be appreciated that these concepts can also be applied, for example, to multicast groups as well, where a subset of nodes in the ad hoc network belongs to a multicast group.
Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present invention. The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential features or elements of any or all the claims. The invention is defined solely by the appended claims including any amendments made during the pendency of this application and all equivalents of those claims as issued.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 20, 1998
|Oct 10, 2000
|Sarnoff Corporation
|Traffic routing in small wireless data networks
|Dec 20, 2000
|Jul 5, 2001
|Nokia Corporation
|Method for transmitting an encryoption number in a communication system and a communication system
|Jan 2, 2001
|Aug 23, 2001
|Neopoint, Inc.
|System and method for enhanced wireless communication features
|Jan 8, 2001
|Sep 19, 2002
|Jan Forslow
|Extranet workgroup formation across multiple mobile virtual private networks
|Jun 12, 2002
|Jan 23, 2003
|Nokia Corporation
|System and method for load balancing in ad hoc networks
|Aug 27, 1999
|Mar 27, 2003
|Vincent Chern
|Location-based information retrieval system for wireless communication device
|Jan 23, 2003
|Feb 5, 2004
|Haas Zygmunt J.
|Secure end-to-end communication in mobile ad hoc networks
|Dec 12, 2003
|Jul 22, 2004
|Johan Rune
|Bridging between a bluetooth scatternet and an ethernet LAN
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 9, 2005
|Nov 22, 2011
|Thomson Licensing
|Route selection in wireless networks
|Mar 10, 2005
|Jun 18, 2013
|Thomson Licensing
|Hybrid mesh routing protocol
|Nov 19, 2007
|Feb 4, 2014
|Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
|Method for determining transmission channels for a LPG based vehicle communication network
|Apr 2, 2009
|May 13, 2014
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Methods for supporting mobile nodes in industrial control and automation systems and other systems and related apparatus
|Jul 11, 2011
|Aug 11, 2015
|S&C Electric Company
|Power distribution system communication system and method
|Jun 29, 2004
|Aug 9, 2007
|Shinichi Morimoto
|Communication system
|Mar 10, 2005
|Jul 17, 2008
|Hang Liu
|Hybrid Mesh Routing Protocol
|Nov 19, 2007
|May 21, 2009
|Wai Chen
|Method for determining transmission channels for a LPG based vehicle communication network
|Nov 9, 2005
|May 28, 2009
|Hang Liu
|Route Selection in Wireless Networks
|Apr 2, 2009
|Oct 7, 2010
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Methods for supporting mobile nodes in industrial control and automation systems and other systems and related apparatus
|Jul 11, 2011
|Dec 20, 2012
|S&C Electric Company
|Power Distribution System Communication System and Method
|U.S. Classification
|370/254, 370/338
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 10, 2006
Owner name: MESHNETWORKS, INC., FLORIDA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JOSHI, AVINASH;REEL/FRAME:017459/0548
Effective date: 20040113
|Sep 23, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 24, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
The Darwin Botanic Gardens are well maintained and an enjoyable experience for visitors and locals.
The Darwin Botanic Gardens Heritage Place contains the Lawn (a social gathering spot remembered by many long-term residents of Darwin), old fence post, triangle and rockery planned and planted by Jack Agostini, remains of the steps to the original Holtze residence, retaining wall adjacent to the original Holtze residence, portion of roadway thought to have been constructed in 1925 and a number of trees and palms.
200 Gardens Road, The Gardens, Lot 6524, Town of Darwin ( (GPS: S12. 26' 49.0; E130. 50' 03.8")., Darwin, Northern Territory, 0820, Australia
Sign up to receive the latest news, deals and travel information from Tourism NT.
Your details have been successfully submitted.


text:
Definition Edit
Facial recognition technology is one of several biometric technologies, which identify individuals by measuring and analyzing their physiological or behavioral characteristics.
Overview Edit
There are generally four basic components to a facial recognition technology system: a camera to capture an image, an algorithm to create a faceprint (sometimes called a facial template), a database of stored images, and an algorithm to compare the captured image to the database of images or a single image in the database. The quality of these components determines the effectiveness of the system. In addition, the more similar the environments in which the images are compared — such as the background, lighting conditions, camera distance, and size and orientation of the head — the better a facial recognition technology system will perform.
Facial recognition technologies can perform a number of functions, including (1) detecting a face in an image; (2) estimating personal characteristics, such as an individual's age, race, or gender; (3) verifying identity by accepting or denying the identity claimed by a person; and (4) identifying an individual by matching an image of an unknown person to a gallery of known people.
According to FTC staff, academics, and industry experts, most modern facial recognition systems generally follow the steps shown in figure 1.
Facial recognition systems can generate two types of errors — false positives (generating an incorrect match) or false negatives (not generating a match when one exists).
Applications of Facial Recognition Technology Edit
Industry trade organizations and companies that use and develop facial recognition software have cited four major types of functions that they say do or will benefit from facial recognition technology: photograph identification and organization; safety and security; secure access; and marketing and customer service.
Photograph identification and organization Edit
One of the most well-known current uses of facial recognition technology is photograph identification in social networking applications. For example, some of the top social networking applications use facial recognition technology to identify individuals in photographs. This allows users to instantaneously link photographs from birthdays, vacations, and other events with people who participated. In addition, several applications use facial recognition technology to help individuals organize personal photographs stored online or on computer drives. For example, several photograph management software programs can detect individuals, such as family members, which the user has asked to be identified. The programs then automatically add new photographs of these individuals to a photograph album created by the user.
Safety and security Edit
Some retailers, casinos, financial institutions, and apartment buildings use facial recognition technology for safety and security purposes. Some retailers in the United States are testing systems that use facial recognition technology with closed-circuit television for theft prevention. Security cameras in a retail location compare images of individuals who walk into a store against a database of images of known shoplifters, members of organized retail crime syndicates, or other persons of interest. If a match is found, security personnel or management are alerted and provided whatever information is known about the individual.
Some casinos in the United States use facial recognition systems to help them identify known or suspected gambling cheaters, members of organized crime networks, or other known persons of concern. Facial recognition technology has also been incorporated into the security systems of some financial institutions to identify robbery suspects or accomplices. These systems deter crime and help identify suspects much faster than traditional means, which require staff to spend hours reviewing video recordings. Facial recognition systems have also been used in large apartment buildings to help identify perpetrators of crimes or other known persons of concern who seek to enter the property.
Secure access Edit
Facial recognition technology can be used to provide secure physical access control to buildings or other locked areas. For example, some systems unlock a door after a camera confirms the user's identity through facial recognition. In addition, applications exist that allow users to unlock personal computers and smartphones, log into video game consoles, or record workplace time and attendance by recognizing their face, in lieu of using a password or personal identification number. Some systems can distinguish whether an image is live to prevent the use of printed photographs to gain access. Industry representatives have noted that these applications have the benefit of not requiring consumers to remember a password and may eventually become an effective voluntary alternative to the use of passwords to access online transactions.
Marketing and customer service Edit
Industry trade organizations have said they envision retailers and others using facial recognition technology to target marketing and advertising more effectively and improve customer service. The Direct Marketing Association has stated that facial recognition technology has the potential to help businesses provide more customized and improved products and services, conduct market research and product development, provide more tailored and relevant messaging and advertising, and offer a more secure shopping experience.
Facial recognition technology is already used in digital signs — usually televisions or kiosks displaying advertisements in stores — with cameras that recognize characteristics of the viewer, such as gender or age range, and target advertisements accordingly. This allows retailers and advertisers to show relevant products and deals in real time, possibly leading to more sales. In the future, such signs may be used to identify customers by name and target advertising to them based on past purchases or other personal information available about them. Facial recognition systems can also be designed to alert staff when known customers enter the store. Retailers can use facial recognition systems to track customer movements around the store to provide the customer with a better shopping experience.
Other uses Edit
Several other current or potential uses for facial recognition technology have been cited by industry stakeholders:
- Facial search engines. Internet search engines are being developed to allow users to conduct a search using a facial image, or to enter a name to search for images that match the name.
- Online dating. Some online dating companies use facial recognition to determine the facial features a user finds most attractive and search their database for individuals with similar features.
- Memory support. A memory support application for smartphones assists people with prosopagnosia (face blindness) or other memory-related conditions by confirming the identities and providing the names of family members, friends, caregivers, or others.
- Hospitality. Facial recognition technology can be used by hotel and guest services industries to identify guests and enable personalized service without having to ask for a guest name or a room number.
Privacy issues Edit
Facial recognition technology continues to rapidly improve in accuracy. Individuals continue to upload billions of pictures to social networking and other Internet sites, creating a vast repository of facial images that are often linked to names or other personal information. The convergence of these two trends may make it technically feasible one day to identify almost any individual in a wide range of public spaces, according to some privacy advocacy organizations and others. Key privacy concerns related to the commercial application of facial recognition technology have generally centered around:
- its effect on the ability of individuals to remain relatively anonymous in public;
- the capacity to track individuals across locations; and
- use of facial recognition without individuals' knowledge or consent.
Reduction of anonymity Edit
Some privacy advocates have expressed concern that facial recognition technology could affect personal privacy by reducing individuals' ability to be anonymous when in a public or commercial space, such as a sidewalk or store. When most individuals are in public, they expect a few people or businesses to recognize their face, but fewer to connect a name to their face, and even fewer to associate their face with Internet behavior, travel patterns, or other profiles.
Commercial use of facial recognition technology for identification purposes has the potential to change this dynamic by allowing companies or individuals to collect information on any individual captured by a camera. Privacy advocacy organizations and academics have expressed concern that as being remotely identified in commercial settings becomes more common, some individuals may be uncomfortable visiting certain places, shopping at certain establishments, or assembling in public for a cause they support. Further, the Electronic Privacy Information Center has stated that individuals lose some control over their identity if they are not allowed to choose whether or not they want to remain anonymous in public. The organization has also noted that additional privacy concerns would be raised by use of the technology to identify not just who someone is, but whom they are with.
Source Edit
- Facial Recognition Technology: Commercial Uses, Privacy Issues, and Applicable Federal Law, at 3-10.


text:
UK Dating
Hello I'm writing in to thank your team so very much for providing such a great place to meet people I've actually been dating a... more..
Other UK Dating Group Sites
Katherine Jenkins 'dating Prince Harry's friend'Posted on: July 15, 2013 16:47:07
Katherine Jenkins has hooked up with a friend of Prince Harry who attended the infamous Las Vegas holiday that saw the prince land in hot water after he was snapped partying naked.
The singer is dating Adam Bidwell, a former rugby player and stockbroker, and the pair have been spotted at numerous events together - including Glastonbury and Ascot - in the past few weeks.
According to the Daily Mail, the pair were friends for a few months before deciding to take their relationship to the next level.
"Adam's a very nice chap. He's a good catch. Everybody likes Adam, especially because he is successful in his own right and not interested in Katherine's spotlight," a friend was quoted as saying, adding the couple went from being more than just good friends after they realised that they "had a lot in common".
They managed to keep the relationship under wraps, because they have reportedly been together since February.
Are you looking for a successful new partner? Try elite dating!
Related Online Dating News
Hong Kong Phil boss "dreams of working with Jackie Chan"Posted on: April 17, 2014 16:26:26
The musical director of one of Asia rsquo s most well-known orchestras dreams of bringing in some unorthodox talent to perform with his musicians Speaking to the South China Morning...
(read more)
Lee Ryan and Casey Batchelor steam up the CBB housePosted on: January 6, 2014 17:25:01
They may have been shackled together when they entered the house but Lee Ryan and Casey Batchelor have done anything but drift apart since they were set free In fact...
(read more)
The online dating racePosted on: January 6, 2014 16:22:05
New research has revealed how likely single people are to get a message from an online dating site throughout According to MailOnline age matters more to men than women as...
(read more)
Sweethearts get engaged after failures on reality TVPosted on: January 3, 2014 19:02:42
When Danielle Cornwall-Nash appeared on ITV s prime time dating show Take Me Out last year she hoped that she would find a new partner and maybe even a new...
(read more)
News Index
Online Dating (1340)
Senior Dating (48)
40 Plus Dating (91)
Elite Dating (238)
Adult Dating (165)
Mobile Dating (81)
Gay Dating (20)
Christian Dating (12)
Black Dating (7)
BBW Dating (11)
Lesbian Dating (12)
Military Dating (15)
European Dating (30)
South African Dating (5)
USA Dating (154)


text:
February 22, 2012 by staff
Santorum Satan: Santorum's Satan Remark, Just when it seemed the Republican presidential race couldn't yield any more true surprises – or become any more surreal – suddenly Satan is part of the political conversation.
Former Pennsylvania senator Rick Santorum is coming under new scrutiny over an old speech in which he said the United States was under threat from Lucifer himself.
"Satan has his sights on the United States of America," Santorum told a Catholic university audience in 2008.
"Satan is attacking the great institutions of America – using those great vices of pride, vanity and sensuality as the root to attack all of the strong plants that (have) so deeply rooted in the American tradition."
The remarks, publicized this week by the conservative Drudge Report and by liberal websites, have sharpened the focus on religious and cultural issues within the GOP just as the party's presidential contenders grapple with how to respond to an improving U.S. economy.
It has also given supporters of Mitt Romney, who is struggling to contain Santorum's recent surge in polls, an opening to raise questions about Santorum's appeal beyond the evangelical base of the Republican party.
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.


text:
Bertain Gallenne was the Lord Captain of Berelain sur Paendrag Paeron's Winged Guards from Mayene.
Appearance Edit
He had graying hair and wore a black eye-patch over his missing eye. He was of medium height. He didn't think about much else except how to attack.
Activities Edit
Finding the Prophet Edit
He accompanied Perrin Aybara and Berelain into Ghealdan to track down Masema Dagar. He accompanied Berelain into Bethal to meet with Queen Alliandre Maritha Kigarin.
He was with Berelain when Perrin found the Darkhound tracks and then accompanied Perrin when he looked over the Shaido Aiel camped in Malden. He went with Perrin and Berelain to So Habor, where they collected grain for their troops.
He was again guarding Berelain when she and Perrin made their deal with the Seanchan. He led the Mayene forces in the Battle of Malden, but his main duty was for him and his men to guard Berelain.
While traveling from Malden, he was with Perrin when they found land that appeared to have been affected by the Blight. Later he attended a meeting with Perrin and others to receive a report on how well the Wise Ones and the Aes Sedai cleaned up the infected land.[1] In that meeting they also decided how the army should deal with the Whitecloaks. During that meeting Seonid and Perrin both confirmed that a Forsaken had occupied Andor for a spell until Rand al'Thor rooted him out. Morgase Trakand, in the personage of Maighdin, was present and requested to be excused.[1]
Encounter with the WhitecloaksEdit
Gallenne was in the army escort provided Perrin as he moved to meet with the Whitecloaks for the first time after Malden. [2]
After Perrin and Slayer battled in Tel'aran'rhiod, he, along with Gerard Arganda, was consulted about where an ambush would be appropriately set up on the road down which they travel. He was also present or nearby when Perrin, with the help of Asha'man Fager Neald and several Wise Ones, constructed his Power-wrought hammer.[3]
He led the Mayene cavalry in defense of the Whitecloaks in the surprise Trolloc attack that occurred shortly after the conclusion of Perrin's trial, and questioned Perrin about what he owed the Whitecloaks. Perrin's response led him to call Perrin "strange" and "an honorable man." [4]
He participated in the parade led by Perrin as they marched off to the Field of Merrilor through a huge gateway formed by Jur Grady, Neald, and several others who could channel.[5]
Gallenne was killed in the battle outside Cairhien against the Shadowspawn army in the Last Battle. Despite the constant arguments he and Arganda had shared, Arganda mourned him deeply and discarded his own helmet in favour of Gallenne's.


text:
Join as a member. There's a certificate with your name on it.
I just like your module! It just puts all the features into one single package!
I was trying to add a "like box" to my site yesterday, which would link to my page. The page was created but was not published to the audience (I had planned to publish it later). I created a block for the like box, but the block was only visible in the browser on which I was logged into Facebook as page administrator, which is obvious behavior.
I almost wasted an hour to figure out the actual reason of this. And after I published the page, the box became visible!
I think it should be made clear that the Facebook Page should be published before using this plugin for like box. So, it could save time of someone in future.


text: To get from Comiso to Gioia Tauro by train you can catch one of the 2 trains that everyday travel between these two cities. The first train to Gioia Tauro leaves from Comiso at 04:40 and the last train departs at 07:10. If you choose a local train the trip lasts on average 07:58 hours. For your trip from Comiso to Gioia Tauro by train you can choose to leave from one of Comiso main stations: Comiso On Wanderio you can compare all schedules, fares and railway companies to Gioia Tauro and book the best itinerary starting from Comiso.


text:
Hello Guys, I'm Independent Escorts in Mumbai Alisha Patel. I'm sensible, qualified, and have an absurd sense of humor.I have nice curvy body with full 32C breast with light skin waiting for your touch. http://alishapatel.net
Alishapatel`s Uploads
This user didn't upload any Music or Audio file yet...
Alishapatel`s Activity
Alishapatel`s Followers
scotty.goodman1 from Miami Beach joined
Alishapatel`s Following
Alishapatel`s Audio Likes
Alishapatel`s Audio Playlist
- Alishapatel
- profile viewed 25 times


text:
Home > Postgraduate study > Postgraduate courses > Communication Design: Graphic Design > Student work
Click on the thumbnails to see the full-sized image of work by students from 2013/14 and 2014/15 Communication Design: Graphic Design MA.
Admissions team
This course is taught at Knights Park
Take a tour of the Knights Park campus
This field is required.
Thank you for your feedback.
Visit us to find out more about Kingston
Find out more about the School
Kingston University
Kingston University, River House, 53–57 High Street, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 1LQ. Tel: +44 (0)20 8417 9000


text:
Welcome to Ms. Adams' Homepage
Welcome to Ms. Adams' homepage. I teach US History and World History. On this site you will find information you need to be successful in my class. Links, assignments, calendars are here for your use. Please let me know if you have any questions.
|Contact: email@example.com


text:
Presidents Cup captain Fred Couples was bothered by caddie Steve Williams racial remark about his former employer Tiger Woods. Couples told Golf World's Tim Rosaforte he'd have fired his caddie Joe LaCava if he made similar remarks about Woods.
LaCava has taken over Woods' bag. Williams is with Adam Scott. From this weekend's story in Golf World:
If that was Joe LaCava he wouldn't be caddying for me today," Couples said Saturday morning...While noting he's never had a problem with Williams, Couples also added, "If (a caddie) has that kind of anger for a pretty good guy, I don't want him around me.
WILLIAMS: Tiger's ex-caddie makes racial remark
TELL US: Should PGA Tour discipline Williams?
CASE CLOSED: PGA Tour declines to take action
Should Williams be fired, or suspended, for the upcoming Presidents Cup? That's up to Scott and International captain Greg Norman, Couples told Golf World.
Reid Cherner has been with USA TODAY since 1982 and written Game On! since March 2008.
He has covered everything from high schools to horse racing to the college and the pros. The only thing he likes more than his own voice is the sound of readers telling him when he's right and wrong.
Michael Hiestand has covered sports media and marketing for USA TODAY, tackling the sports biz ranging from what's behind mega-events such as the Olympics and Super Bowl to the sometimes-hidden numbers behind the sports world's bottom line.


text:
Skip to comments.WWII Espionage Secrets Revealed
Posted on 01/16/2009 10:04:12 AM PST by nickcarraway
ESPIONAGE secrets which changed the course of World War II will be uncovered at a talk in Inverness next week.
The Enigma code machine was used by German forces to transmit confidential information before and after the war and the Allies attempts to capture Enigma machines and break their codes have featured in films and books such as "Enigma" and "U-571", but former policeman John Alexander will reveal some of the facts behind the fiction at a lecture organised by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) at the Kingsmills Hotel on Wednesday.
"The Enigma machine was taken on by the German military, starting in 1926," Alexander explained.
"The system meant that no-one could or should have been able to read those messages, only the German forces with the correct machine and settings. For much of the time that's fine, but when war does really come along Bletchley Park comes on the scene and they effectively become a factory designed to break into those messages. This is really important because it talks about their operations, what they are going to attack and when and what they know about our strength. To have an inside track on what your enemy is thinking and planning is most important.
"The Germans were no slouches themselves, but they never created anything like Bletchley Park."
It is the Bletchley Park cypher-breaking complex in Buckinghamshire which is credited as being the birthplace of the computer age. Among the tools used by the Allied code-breakers was Colossus, the world's first programmable, digital, electronic computer created to break the code carried by the big brother of the Enigma system, Lorenz, which used 12 coded rotor wheels rather than the four to eight of Enigma machines and was used by Hitler to communicate with his generals.
Important as Enigma and Lorenz were to the history of Bletchley Park and the outcome of the war, Alexander points out these were only some of the similar code machines in use during the period.
"I tell some of the history of Enigma, but put it into the context of some of these other systems as well," he explained.
"It's interesting to know the Norwegians were using this machine, the Italians were using a similar machine and the Americans used essentially the same machine as well, so there's a lot of movement in cypher systems prior to World War II and much of them are just not known to the general public."
Alexander now has a collection of around 14 museum quality code machines, including genuine Enigma machines, similar contemporary machines from other countries and their post-war derivatives.
"It really has become a little bit of an addiction," he admitted. "I don't change my car very often. The car is less important than getting the machines in."
His interest in the Enigma machine began with a general interest in World War II history.
An Enigma machine.
"Like so many people I tend to get a little bit fascinated with spying and espionage," he explained.
"I became a radio ham and then, as more information came out about Bletchley Park and the Enigma machine, I had a terrible urge to go out and collect a cypher machine for my own interest."
Enigma was too expensive for his pocket at the time, so he began his collection with a more affordable machine, but eventually saved up and bought his own Enigma. He is also a regular visitor to the museum at Bletchley Park where: "If I'm not allowed to take the machines out, I'm still allowed to play with the post-war models."
While he reckons there are only a dozen main collectors in the world, Alexander says it is relatively easy to amass a collection if the money is available.
"Pretty much 90 per cent of my collection will appear on eBay over two or three years," he said.
"An Enigma like mine good enough to get into a museum you can get for £20,000, but you can get lesser versions, something suitable for the doorstop for £8000.
"The Germans made a commercial model which everybody could buy.
"It's not as hard to break as the military version, but it's a very different kettle of fish."
The free talk, to which non-IET members are welcome, begins at 7pm. There will be a display of Alexander's collection of code-breaking machines and a power-point lecture, followed by refreshments.
America Newspapers and Media are all part of the propaganda machine. If you watch the tv media closely, all they do is read from the teleprotor machine. Its all controlled; even the voting machines. Hitler couldnt do a better job with the technology they have today.
"The Enigma machine was taken on by the German military, starting in 1926," Alexander explained.'
Most don't realize just how effective the Enigma Machine actually was. Nor do they know it was the primary system, then the primary back up, for the US Submarine Force up through the early 1980's.
The US Navy version had twelve rotors, as opposed to the German's original Enigma, which I think had only three.
I know, I rewired em every month for three years between 1978 and 1981.
Way way ahead of its time, which makes the 'breaking' of it even more impressive looking back.
Hogan's Heroes was based in fact.
I think the Germany Navy machines had four rotors, and the Wehrmacht/SS machines had three.
Thanks. It took several hours to rewire during 'end of month' prep for the Navy's version. Pretty sure it was discontinued shortly after 1981.
I'm not familiar with it. I just know what I did as a crypto supervisor 'back in the day'.
Indeed. Goebbels, were he not too busy dealing with the fires of hell, would be extremely jealous, I have no doubt.
I never had the secret decoder ring, but I had the Secret Squadron jacket patch from Captain Midnight.
Said Ambrose: He did.
This same ww2 espionage secret has been "revealed" by the media every month for like the last 30 years.
As usual the press has it all wrong.
I became a history student, in 1976 after reading Anthony Brown's "Body Guard of Lies". It was possible to write about it then, because of the Freedom of Information Act.
For the next 9 years I studied WWII sig/intel. Cryptography is an interesting field. It's impact on the War was huge.
Lots of good literature in the open for years.
Of course the press does not have a clue.
I started with Paper Tape Punches at Digital. What a mess.
Wow...I was a 'tape cutter' out of RM A school at Comsublant back in early 1979. Must be nice today not having to deal with THAT system.
Our version used 10 out of 20 rotor set and fir set switched coupled with a mechanical rotor stepping scheme. By 1950's we used the KLB-47 which used 10 out of 20 rotors and attachable stepping rings. In fact these were commercially sold by Teletype Corp. But they were far more complex in that they included not only the aphabet but also number as several special characters.
The CSp-2900 unit with a skilled person could accommodate a badly garbled message and decode it. That was impossible with the KLB-47.
Everything is digital now and far more complex then the DES standard.
for the military history ping list
I've found Enigma to be fascinating since Winterbotham's book, "The Ultra Secret". It's a huge part of how we won the war — we were reading their codes and they weren't reading ours.
oops, meant you...
for the military history ping list
Ive found Enigma to be fascinating since Winterbothams book, The Ultra Secret. Its a huge part of how we won the war we were reading their codes and they werent reading ours.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.