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Recently Broadcast Opinions
The Advisory Committee on Judicial Ethics recently issued the following opinions, which are linked below.
- Opinions are not in strict numerical order; they are grouped by date of distribution.
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June 21, 2017 Broadcast
Opinion 16-177 May a part-time judge volunteer with (1) a departmental grievance committee's diversion program under 22 NYCRR 1240.11 and/or (2) a local bar association's lawyer assistance committee under Judiciary Law § 499?
Opinion 17-16 Digest: A new judge, who previously served as law clerk to his/her current supervising judge and attended multiple events at the judge's home, must disclose the relationship in cases involving the supervising judge's spouse's law firm. Thereafter, the judge may preside if he/she can be fair and impartial after considering all relevant factors. However, because disclosure is mandatory, the judge must disqualify him/herself if a party in the case is appearing without counsel.
Opinion 17-26 Digest: A newly-elected judge may preside in matters involving an attorney who participated in the absentee ballot review process following the general election, provided the attorney had no other involvement in the judge's campaign and did not advocate on the judge's behalf during the absentee ballot review process.
Opinion 17-31 May a judge preside in a criminal case where the complainant is his/her co-judge's adult child, and the judge has no relationship with the complainant other than purely "happenstance" interactions?
Opinion 17-42 Digest: A part-time judge may also be a full-time academic SUNY employee administering and overseeing a SUNY-hosted police cadet academy.
Opinion 17-60 Where a county political party met to select its 2017 candidates on February 28, but (at the time the inquiry was decided) the party chair had publicly announced only that next year's party meeting would be held "in May 2018," without further details, what date should judicial candidates in that county use to calculate the start of their 2018 window period? Must different judicial candidates in that county count back from different dates, or may they all rely on the specific date stated in Opinion 17-60?
Opinion 17-71 May a judge who filed a disciplinary complaint against an assistant district attorney require the prosecutor's office to substitute a different assistant district attorney in an upcoming criminal case?
Opinion 17-72 May a judge interpose a pro se answer in a real estate case in which the judge and his/her siblings are named defendants?
Opinion 17-75 Digest: A judge whose non-attorney spouse is employed by a local public authority may preside in matters where a part-time employee of the same public authority, in his/her capacity as a private attorney, appears on behalf of criminal defendants or other private clients. The judge need not disclose that the attorney also works part-time for the same public authority that employs the judge's spouse.
Opinion 17-78 Digest: Under the circumstances, a judge who objected orally and in writing to the appearance of his/her name in a letter soliciting funds for a charity need not take any further action.
Opinion 17-81 May a part-time judge give a presentation on civil enforcement and other related civil matters at an annual training conference for a sheriffs association?
Opinion 17-82 Digest: A full-time judge, in his/her capacity as administrator of a first-degree relative's estate, may act pro se at the closing for the estate's solely owned real property, where he/she will transfer an administrator's deed conferring ownership from the estate to the buyer, deposit the buyer's down payment into a title company's escrow account, compute and adjust routine home expenses such as taxes and utilities, and exchange checks payable by or to the estate.
May 17, 2017 Broadcast
Opinion 16-112 Digest: A judge may join the Legal and Business Professionals of ____ County, a private social organization consisting of judges, lawyers, businesspeople, and law enforcement professionals interested in making their community a better place to work and live, even though its former name and mission statement inaccurately suggested a law enforcement orientation.
Opinion 17-20 May a judge serve on the nominating committee for his/her house of worship?
Opinion 17-24 Digest: A full-time judge who presides in a high-volume part may hold annual or semi-annual meetings with the attorneys who appear before him/her to discuss administrative issues. These meetings may not involve catered meals paid for by attorneys, but the judge may host "brown bag luncheons" to which the participants may bring their own meals.
Opinion 17-25 May a full-time judge serve on the tribunal of a not-for-profit entity as the representative of one of its constituent members, where the tribunal has "jurisdiction to hear and determine controversies and disputes" among various constituent members?
Opinion 17-27 May a full-time trial-level judge have discussions with various public and private entities concerning potential post-judicial employment? After leaving the bench, may the judge appear before former colleagues?
Opinion 17-30 May part-time judges organize a free community "Law Day" event to be held at a local library or historical society where local attorneys would offer free 10-minute private consultations to the public?
Opinion 17-34 On receiving a guilty plea by mail to a Vehicle & Traffic Law charge, may a judge send a form letter advising the defendant what his/her sentence will be if the court accepts the plea and stating that if the defendant wishes to change his/her plea to not guilty, he/she should appear in court at a specified date and time?
Opinion 17-35 May a judge speak to an audience of animal control officers about court procedures in dangerous-dog and unlicensed-dog cases?
Opinion 17-36 May a town justice serve as the town attorney for another town in the same county, where there will be no prosecutorial component to that town attorney position?
Opinion 17-44 Digest: A judge who believes a local attorney is under criminal investigation, but has no personal knowledge of any impropriety, may continue to preside in matters involving that attorney, provided the judge concludes he/she can be fair and impartial.
Opinion 17-45 May a town justice continue to serve as County Attorney in the same county where he/she presides?
Opinion 17-46 Digest: A part-time judge may also serve as head of a county agency responsible for enforcing a particular county law, where the agency is the licensing authority for an industry and has authority to commence civil administrative proceedings but (i) is unlikely to be involved directly or indirectly in any cases in the judge's court, (ii) has no authority to prosecute legal or criminal proceedings in any court, and (iii) has no police powers or functions.
Opinion 17-48 What are the obligations of a part-time lawyer judge who concludes that another judge, while presiding over a case, threatened to file a disciplinary complaint against the inquirer unless his/her client settled the case for a particular sum?
Opinion 17-73 May a village justice acquiesce in a proposed merger of the clerical offices of the village court and the village executive branch?
May 5, 2017 Broadcast
Opinion 07-155/98-31 May a judge serve on a charter review commission to review and proposed amendments to a city or county charter? Does it matter whether the judge is a part-time or full-time judge?
Opinion 16-173 May individual judges and a judicial association publicly advance a position that a Constitutional Convention would present a risk to the security of their pensions, which are currently protected by provisions of the State Constitution?
Opinion 16-176 Digest: A full-time judge may not accept a collectable music album from a press photographer who regularly covers cases in the inquiring judge's courtroom.
Opinion 17-03 Digest: (1) A judge who is disqualifying him/herself from cases involving New York City and its agencies due to his/her minor child's ongoing personal injury action against the city and its board of education may nonetheless preside in the following circumstances, assuming he/she can be fair and impartial:
(a) when a private law firm representing a defendant in the child's lawsuit appears before the judge in an unrelated matter, provided no party is appearing without counsel and the judge makes full disclosure on the record;
(b) in cases involving state public benefit corporations;
(c) in motions seeking to unseal records in possession of the District Attorney's Office, whether or not contested; and
(d) in a personal injury action against non-city defendants arising from an injury claimed to have occurred on a city street, notwithstanding that a separate action arising from the same injury, not pending before the judge, has been filed against the city.
(2) In a matter where parties have requested records from the city (or one of its agencies) as a non-party:
(a) if the non-party city agency does not appear or take a position in the matter, the judge may continue to preside;
(b) if the non-party city agency appears or opposes a motion to quash or motion to unseal, the judge must either transfer the motion to another judge or disqualify him/herself, subject to remittal; but
(c) if a party files a motion seeking to punish a non-party city agency for contempt, the judge is disqualified from the entire case, subject to remittal.
Opinion 17-07 Must a judge report a real estate agent who forged his/her name on a letter of reference, mentioned the judge's judicial status, and submitted the letter to a co-op board without the judge's knowledge or consent? Must a judge report an attorney he/she has never met, seen, or interacted with, based solely on information received from the judge's relatives?
Opinion 17-12 May a full-time judge speak to not-for-profit organizations affiliated with a certain religion, including domestic and foreign parochial schools and places of worship, about his/her background and experience in becoming a judge, so as to encourage others to pursue a legal career? If so, may the judge accept standard speaking fees and reasonable travel expenses?
Opinion 17-13 Where a judge's recusal for one attorney is specific to his/her personal assessment of that attorney's character, the judge is not disqualified from presiding in matters where that attorney's law partner appears as a part-time government attorney, provided that the judge can be fair and impartial.
Opinion 17-32 May a town judge permit his/her court clerks to certify that they will abide by the town ethics code?
Opinion 17-33 May a newly elected full-time judge complete his/her service as executor of a former client's will by signing a deed necessary to transfer title to an heir?
Opinion 17-37 Digest: The Committee declines to answer hypothetical questions.
Opinion 17-41 Digest: A judge whose first-degree relative has been hired as a law advisor to the local police department on matters unrelated to criminal investigations and prosecutions may preside in cases involving the police, provided the judge can be fair and impartial and his/her relative is not involved in the case.
Opinion 17-43 Is there a way for a part-time judge who wishes to run for non-judicial office to inform the local municipality in advance that he/she plans to resign from judicial office on a particular date, without triggering the "resign to run" rule?
April 12, 2017 Special Broadcast
Opinion 17-38 (1) May a judge participate in a March for Science? (2) May a judge (a) call a Senate Committee to express an opinion on a pending federal executive branch appointment; (b) sign a MoveOn.org petition concerning a federal executive branch appointment; and/or (c) participate in a local political rally, march or demonstration sponsored by grassroots organizations?
March 31, 2017 Broadcast
Opinion 16-57 What are a judge's obligations when his/her second-degree relative, who formerly held a supervisory position in a government law office, becomes the subject of employment discrimination charges filed by a former subordinate?
Opinion 16-152 May a judge appear in a videotaped interview on behalf of a re-entry agency, which will be shown at the agency's fund-raising event?
Opinion 16-162 What are the obligations of a County Court judge whose full-time court attorney is now a town justice within the same county?
Opinion 16-164 Digest: A new full-time judge may continue to serve as a receiver in foreclosure pursuant to an appointment received before assuming the bench, provided his/her duties are ministerial in nature and completed within one year, if possible.
Opinion 16-174 What are a village justice's obligations once a local probation officer is appointed to serve on the village board? Does it make a difference if they will also be on the same slate in an upcoming election?
Opinion 16-175 Digest: While a judge need not separately scrutinize all pleadings to determine whether his/her client is the issuing officer, the judge must not take a guilty plea, either by mail or in person, if the client's role as issuing officer is readily available, such as in those instances where the officer's name appears on the ticket.
Opinion 16-178 Digest: A judicial association may not submit an amicus brief to the Court of Appeals in a pending appeal to express its members' concern, as trial judges, about the practical effects of a recent Appellate Division decision that trial judges lack statutory authority to take a particular action in connection with sentencing. The judicial association and/or individual judges may instead propose changes to applicable statutes which affect sentencing procedures in their courts. However, if it is not possible to advocate for the desired statutory change without publicly commenting on a specific, identifiable case, they must wait until the case is completely resolved.
Opinion 17-01 May a judge be a certified soccer referee member of a private, not-for-profit referee's association, and accept compensation for refereeing games? What restrictions apply for a full-time judge?
Opinion 17-02 May a part-time city court judge serve as a part-time attorney with legal aid in another county? What restrictions apply?
Opinion 17-05 May a judge continue to preside in a contentious post-judgment matrimonial proceeding after a party, whom the judge previously sanctioned, has sued the judge and others involved in the proceeding for defamation?
Opinion 17-06 Under the circumstances, is a judge required to take any additional steps in response to second-hand information about an attorney's alleged misconduct?
Opinion 17-08 Digest: A part-time judge whose former private employer has become the District Attorney has the following obligations when the District Attorney or his/her staff appears, during the two-year period following the termination of their former employment relationship: (1) In the first year, the judge is disqualified, subject to remittal, from presiding in any case involving the District Attorney's office; (2) In the second year, disclosure is mandated in lieu of disqualification, and the judge may exercise discretion in determining any motion for recusal. During the entire two-year period, the judge may not preside in a case involving the District Attorney's office if a party is appearing without counsel.
Opinion 17-10 May a newly elected judge preside over matters that arose during his/her prior tenure as the County Attorney?
Opinion 17-11 Digest: (1) It is a judge's obligation to determine whether a lay organization for men of a particular ethnicity and religion engages in invidious discrimination. (2) A full-time judge may perform with a non-profit orchestra and other musical groups that are not business entities and accept reasonable compensation for his/her performances, subject to certain limitations. (3) A full-time judge may publish his/her own musical compositions and receive royalties and performance rights fees for them.
Opinion 17-14 Digest: (1) A multi-bench judge who has reported an attorney is disqualified from all matters in which the reported attorney appears, regardless of court or county, and regardless of whether the reported attorney is appearing as a public defender or a private attorney. The disqualification lasts while the disciplinary proceeding is pending and for two years after it is resolved. Remittal is not available during this period unless the grievance committee imposes public discipline or the reported attorney waives confidentiality. (2) Where the reported attorney is a part-time judge, the disqualification extends to cases in which the reported attorney has acted as a judge. (3) Where the reported attorney represents a defendant/participant in Treatment Court, the judge may not preside in the defendant/participant's case, even if the reported attorney files a waiver of appearance.
Opinion 17-15 May a Family Court judge send a sympathy card to the family of a decedent who was formerly the subject of juvenile delinquency proceedings before the judge?
Opinion 17-17 Where an attorney has unsuccessfully sought the judge's recusal in one case, and then filed a disciplinary complaint against a judge for declining to recuse, does the judge have an ongoing conflict with the attorney's law firm mandating the judge's recusal in all cases involving that law firm?
Opinion 17-18 Digest: A part-time judge may suggest that local legislators amend a penal statute to include a potential jail sentence so that, for alleged violations after the effective date, the court may issue an arrest warrant to produce recalcitrant defendants.
Opinion 17-19 When a judge's former court attorney has become the District Attorney, and the judge is therefore disqualified from matters involving the DA's office for one year, is such disqualification subject to remittal?
March 8, 2017 Broadcast
Opinion 16-140 May a judge consider a defendant's written form application for assigned counsel ex parte and make a determination of financial eligibility on an ex parte basis, where the form focuses solely on the defendant's financial information and does not invite substantive communications? What factors distinguish Opinion 16-68 and Opinion 16-140?
Opinion 16-143 Digest: (1) Where a part-time lawyer judge's law practice associate is representing a client in another court in the same county before another part-time lawyer judge, the judge may not personally participate in the representation by meeting with the client or discussing the case with opposing counsel, even if such activities will take place away from the courthouse. (2) The judge may nonetheless directly supervise a subordinate attorney who is representing the law practice's clients in such matters, provided such supervision takes place in private, without involvement of the client, opposing parties or counsel, or the court in which the matter is heard.
Opinion 16-150 May two judicial candidates in a contested election send a joint mailing to voters who request an absentee ballot?
Opinion 16-156 Digest: A judge should not send a thank you note in response to a laudatory ex parte letter from an attorney who recently appeared before the judge.
Opinion 16-157 Digest: A full-time judge (1) may informally refer at-risk youth to religious or secular educational programs, assuming he/she does not frequently preside in matters involving at-risk youth and such programs do not appear before the judge or accept court referrals; (2) may serve as a paramedic with a local volunteer ambulance corps; (3) may not serve on the board of a regional emergency medical services council; and (4) may participate in a documentary film concerning his/her volunteer activities if it is produced by a not-for-profit entity, but may not participate in a commercially produced documentary.
Opinion 16-161 May a full-time judge serve on the admissions committee of a country club?
Opinion 16-166 Is a judge disqualified from presiding in matters involving the District Attorney's office where (i) his/her law clerk is a former assistant district attorney and (ii) the law clerk's second-degree relative is currently an assistant district attorney?
Opinion 16-167 May a town justice simultaneously serve as a federal prosecutor?
Opinion 16-168 May a judge appoint his/her former campaign treasurer to serve as a referee in a foreclosure action?
Opinion 16-179 Digest: A judge may be a member of an all-female volunteer EMT service which responds to calls from women in a particular faith community who need emergency care, where the service was established to expand opportunities for women in the community and to preserve significant religious or cultural values of legitimate common interest to community members. However, a judge may not serve as director of the entity if that role requires him/her to personally engage in fund-raising and/or recruitment activities.
Opinion 17-04 Digest: A judge may not attend a three-day human trafficking seminar sponsored by federal prosecutorial and law enforcement agencies, where the program will focus primarily on strategies for effective prosecution.
January 19, 2017 Broadcast
Opinion 16-132 Must a judge report a litigant's former attorney for alleged, unspecified sexual misconduct briefly alluded to in open court and in the attorney's absence?
Opinion 16-135 May a judge publicly advocate for a change in the Penal Law by writing to executive and legislative bodies and/or officials, as well as other potentially interested parties? Must the judge notify local prosecutors and/or defense counsel of his/her proposal so they can respond to it?
Opinion 16-144 May a judge whose law clerk becomes the District Attorney preside over criminal cases in veterans court?
Opinion 16-145 May a county Magistrates Association, at the request of a bar association and the county executive, comment on the bar association's proposed assigned counsel plan before it is implemented by the county?
Opinion 16-147 May a town or village justice accept an invitation from a landlords' association to participate in a panel discussion and answer questions about summary proceedings, evictions and holdover tenants?
Opinion 16-148 May a full-time judge serve as a director of a local not-for-profit Urban League, which seeks "[t]o provide opportunities for members of all communities in our city to have access to education, employment and a living environment that fosters mutual respect"?
Opinion 16-149 May a judge attend a free, non-partisan "meet the candidates" event, organized by a non-political community residents' association, where all candidates for a particular office (i.e., both parties' candidates) will attend, speak and answer questions?
Opinion 16-151 May sitting judges serve as mentors to attorneys who wish to seek judicial office, as part of an official court-sponsored program to help promote diversity in the judiciary? What limitations apply?
Opinion 16-153 (1) May a trial judge whose minor child is participating in a charitable fund-raiser personally participate in the child's fund-raising efforts by asking family, close friends, neighbors, and judicial colleagues to make pledges on the child's behalf? (2) If not, may the judge assist the child in making such solicitations by telephone or in person, by placing telephone calls or escorting the child to a neighbor's home? (3) If permitted to accompany the child, may the judge supplement or clarify the child's explanation, as needed, regarding the nature of the fund-raiser?
Opinion 16-154 May a judge disclose his/her habitability concerns to a local code enforcement officer? May the judge also issue a warrant for the code enforcement officer to enter the premises?
Opinion 16-158 May a judge attend a "Casino Night" fundraiser at his/her child's private pre-school and participate as a player?
Opinion 16-159 What are the ethical obligations of a judge who is dissatisfied with an attorney's explanation of the propriety of his/her conduct in connection with a proposed default divorce decree?
Opinion 16-160 What cases may a part-time judge preside over, once his/her first-degree relative becomes the police chief for the municipality where the judge presides?
Opinion 16-163/16-170 Where a full-time judge is both a former assistant public defender and a former private law firm partner, and his/her former law firm colleague supervises all attorneys in the Public Defender's office, what are his/her obligations in cases involving the Public Defender's office?
Opinion 16-165 What are the obligations of a village justice who learns that the village plans to hire the village prosecutor's spouse as a full-time village court clerk?
Opinion 16-169 May a judge circulate a petition to force a referendum on a proposed sale of a large nearby parcel of land owned by his/her local school district, where the petition does not take a position for or against the proposed sale and is not framed as support for or opposition to any legislator or political party or candidate?
December 7, 2016 Broadcast
Opinion 15-147 What is a judge's obligation on learning that he/she should have recused him/herself from a particular case, when the judge learns of this ethical mistake only after he/she had already issued his/her final decision or judgment?
Opinion 16-117 May a full-time judge teach a fitness class for a not-for-profit educational, charitable or civic organization? May the judge accept the organization's standard per-session compensation for instructors?
Opinion 16-119 May a JHO represent clients on real estate transactions and matters in Surrogate's Court in the same county where he/she serves as a JHO? When are such matters deemed "contested" under 22 NYCRR 122.10(c)? May the JHO's law firm colleagues assume the representation on contested matters once the JHO withdraws from the representation?
Opinion 16-120 May a judge who is conflicted from presiding in a criminal defendant's Outley hearing nonetheless resume presiding over the underlying case and sentence the defendant, once the Outley hearing is concluded?
Opinion 16-122 May a judge preside in matters involving an attorney who previously represented the judge's third-degree relative (a niece, nephew, aunt, uncle, great-grandparent or great-grandchild), after the representation has completely terminated and all fees are paid? Is disclosure required?
Opinion 16-123 Does the disclosure required by Opinion 14-51 (for attorneys personally involved in prosecuting or defending the judge's second-degree relative) terminate on the judge's relative's death? If not, must the judge now also disclose that his/her relative died, and reveal the cause of death?
Opinion 16-137 May a part-time judge accept employment as a salaried conflict defender in the county where the judge presides? If so, may the judge appear as a conflict defender before other part-time judges in the same county who are permitted to practice law?
Opinion 16-141 Where the Commission on Judicial Conduct has charged a judge with misconduct in a formal written complaint, signed and verified by the Commission's administrator (see Judiciary Law § 44[4]), based on an initial report or complaint filed by the county's District Attorney, may the judge thereafter preside in criminal matters involving the District Attorney's office? The judge notes that an assistant district attorney usually appears on behalf of the office, and there may be no personal appearance by the DA or any ADA in matters such as mail pleas or negotiated resolutions of traffic matters. The judge further notes that the Commission on Judicial Conduct has not directed that a hearing be held.
Opinion 16-142 May a town or village justice permit the part-time court clerk to assume a second part-time position with the same municipality, working for the municipal prosecutor in a strictly clerical capacity?
Opinion 16-146 Where a judge has filed a disciplinary complaint against the county's District Attorney, may the judge thereafter preside in criminal matters involving the District Attorney's office? The judge notes that assistant district attorneys from that office did not participate in the purported misconduct.
Opinion 16-155 What steps should a judge take on learning that his/her second-degree relative has, in his/her capacity as a member of a religious institution, commenced an informal counseling relationship with a defendant who is appearing before the judge in a long-running high-profile criminal matter?
October 27, 2016 Broadcast
Opinion 16-97 Where a judge's campaign committee has made one attempt to return the unexpended campaign funds from a prior election campaign pro rata to contributors, but some checks still have not been cashed or negotiated and some mailings were returned to the campaign committee as undeliverable, must the judge direct his/her campaign committee to investigate the correct addresses of the contributors whose checks were returned as undeliverable and re-send those mailings? If not, what should be done with the remaining funds?
Opinion 16-110 What are a judge's obligations after hearing "confidentially" from another judge about possibly unethical and/or illegal conduct of a local prosecutor, where the inquiring judge has no personal knowledge of such conduct?
Opinion 16-111 May a judge preside in matters involving a law firm that has temporarily hired the judge's child for the purpose of studying law?
Opinion 16-113 May a judge "participate" in a traffic diversion program where defendants are charged a fee to participate, and the judge is concerned the fee may violate Vehicle & Traffic Law §1804?
Opinion 16-114 May a full-time judge preside in matters involving (1) a government agency where the judge's former public sector colleague and current social acquaintance has a high-ranking position and (2) a public law department headed by a part-time judge?
Opinion 16-115 May a judge permit his/her law clerk to teach a class on the Penal Law to law enforcement personnel at a local military facility?
Opinion 16-116 May a full-time judge who presides over criminal arraignments appear at public meetings of the county legislature and other governmental boards or agencies to advocate for: (1) increased staffing for the District Attorney and Public Defender so they can appear at criminal arraignments and perform their other duties and/or (2) "a centralized district court or arraignment court to speed the process and assure that the People and the defendant are represented"?
Opinion 16-121 What are a judge's obligations in cases involving a probation officer who is the judge's fifth-degree relative by blood or marriage?
Opinion 16-124 May a judge mentor a high school student through a not-for-profit mentorship program?
Opinion 16-125 May a judge perform a marriage ceremony in another state?
Opinion 16-126 May a judge continue presiding in a criminal trial after the defendant commences a lawsuit naming the judge in his/her "official and individual capacity" for a claimed civil rights violation? Does it matter whether the defendant also sent these legal filings to a high-ranking prosecutor?
Opinion 16-127 May a judge serving on an official court-sponsored legislative advisory committee participate in committee discussions relating to an ongoing proceeding?
Opinion 16-128 May a judge volunteer to serve as the judge in a mock trial, outside New York State, organized by a private law firm for the benefit of their associates and for in-house attorneys of the law firm's client?
Opinion 16-129 May a judge continue to preside in a criminal case after the defendant, defense witness(es) and/or other individuals connected with the defense have filed disciplinary complaints against the judge? When does disqualification become mandatory?
Opinion 16-130 Where a judge's spouse, as director of government relations, helps select a law firm to handle lobbying and works directly with the law firm's lobbyists, may the judge preside in matters involving that law firm? How does the analysis change when the spouse's employer switches law firms?
Opinion 16-133 May a judge preside in matters involving an attorney who has hosted a single fund-raiser for the judge's law clerk's election campaign?
Opinion 16-134 May a full-time court attorney-referee work part-time as a real estate agent?
Opinion 16-136 May a sitting judge who will be retiring at the end of the year agree to be the guest of honor at a not-for-profit educational institution's fund-raising dinner to be held next year?
Opinion 16-138 May a judge who wishes to appoint a new law clerk circulate the job notice through a local bar association, specialized bar association committees, and the attorneys who serve on those committees? May the judge ask such attorneys to circulate the job notice within their law firms? Is disclosure or disqualification required?
September 15, 2016 Broadcast
Opinion 16-29/16-50 When may a judicial candidate treat his/her remaining unexpended campaign funds as de minimis? What are permissible uses for such funds once the window period expires?
Opinion 16-47 May a non-judge who is seeking election to judicial office serve on a local bar association's screening panel evaluating applicants for appointment to state or federal judicial office?
Opinion 16-64 May a judge preside in matters involving an attorney who is the chair of a political committee on which the judge's court attorney serves? Must he/she insulate the court attorney from such matters?
Opinion 16-72 Where a part-time justice serves as counsel to an association of local government officials and employees, may he/she advise individual members concerning local justice court operational issues?
Opinion 16-74 Where a judge's first-degree relative works for a local hospital, what are the judge's obligations when (1) a party calls witnesses, subpoenas records, or presents exhibits from the hospital or (2) a case involves foster children who have been, or will be, treated in another unit of that hospital?
Opinion 16-75 May two judicial candidates who are (through their respective campaign committees) hosting a joint fund-raiser permit their campaign committees to accommodate an attendee who prefers to support only one candidate?
Opinion 16-76 May a judge serve on the advisory board to an academic/clinical unit within a private law school, even though he/she refers litigants to the unit's treatment programs? If so, what limitations apply?
Opinion 16-79 May a non-judge candidate for judicial office personally distribute campaign literature that exhorts supporters "[t]o volunteer and/or donate to" the candidate?
Opinion 16-88 May a full-time quasi-judicial official preside in matters involving assistant county attorneys, or other attorneys from county-level government law offices, after he/she sues the local county government? Does it matter whether they would appear before the referee in their official or private capacities?
Opinion 16-91 May a town justice ask local not-for-profit organizations if they are willing to accept court placement of defendants to serve community service sentences, and thereafter provide their contact information to the alternatives-to-incarceration program's administrator? After doing so, what steps must the judge take if the judge wishes to participate in activities organized by such entities?
Opinion 16-99 (1) Where a chief clerk was formerly associated with a private law firm, what are the judge's obligations when the chief clerk's former employer appears in the court? (2) Is there any obligation with respect to matters involving wills admitted for probate that were previously prepared, witnessed or notarized by the chief clerk while at the firm? (3) What are the judge's obligations when the chief clerk's attorney spouse appears?
Special Broadcast for Local Courts (Summer 2016)
Opinion 16-101"Digest: The effective date of Opinion 15-197(B) is September 1, 2016."
Opinion 15-197(B)"Digest: (1) A town or village justice may not assist the District Attorney by contacting each prosecution witness, complainant and police officer concerning their upcoming court appearances. (2) Opinion 09-173 is hereby amended so that justice courts should not notify such witnesses for the District Attorney, even if the court is willing to do the same for defendants and defense attorneys on request."
August 15, 2016 Broadcast
Opinion 16-09 May a judge send a letter to defendants who plead guilty by mail advising them sua sponte that they may change their plea to "not guilty" and either conference the matter with the prosecutor or negotiate a reduced plea?
Opinion 16-10 May a part-time judge place classified ads indicating his/her availability to officiate marriages?
Opinion 16-17 (1) May a judge acting as a leader within a religious organization (a) promote a weekend retreat and/or (b) solicit items for clothing drives, food drives and the like? (2) May a judge be a featured speaker at a religious institution's anniversary banquet?
Opinion 16-22 (1) May a judge read passages from scripture at a religious service? (2) May a judge participate in a prison ministry program where inmates sentenced by the judge may be present in the program's group sessions?
Opinion 16-24 What are the obligations of a judge when an attorney appearing before the judge is currently holding money in escrow for the judge?
Opinion 16-27 May a judicial hearing officer write a letter supporting an inmate's efforts to gain parole and/or clemency?
Opinion 16-46 Where a judge has serious concerns about inconsistencies at the very core of another judge's testimony on a motion challenging an arrest warrant issued under that other judge's name, how should he/she determine whether reporting is mandatory?
Opinion 16-52 May a judge make voter registration forms available at court facilities?
Opinion 16-55 May a town judge sign a statement (1) certifying his/her "responsibility to comply with the guidelines stated in" the town ethics code and (2) acknowledging "that any willful violation of these guidelines may be cause for suspension or dismissal from Town employment or removal from Town office"?
Opinion 16-65 May a judge who has the duty of appointing special prosecutors appoint an attorney who is related to his/her co-judge?
Opinion 16-70 Where a judge is currently disqualified from proceedings involving a particular government office or agency, but has a statutory obligation to administer/oversee that office as a judge, may the judge nonetheless exercise these ongoing administrative or oversight responsibilities?
Opinion 16-80 May a full-time judge hold ownership interests in a limited liability company that owns income-producing property, along with the judge's spouse? Does it matter whether the judge holds such interests in an individual capacity or as a trustee of a beneficial trust for a family member?
Opinion 16-81 May a town or village justice preside in matters involving an attorney who (1) is associated in the practice of law with the municipality's attorney and (2) is married to the full-time administrative assistant of a person who participates in setting the judge's salary and the court's budget?
Opinion 16-83 May a part-time judge portray a judge in a commercial film?
Opinion 16-84 May a judge preside in matters involving an attorney who formerly represented the judge's recent election opponent in an election law case? Does it matter whether the judge previously exercised his/her discretion in favor of recusal?
Opinion 16-85 May a judge engage in prohibited political activities, provided he/she takes care to do so anonymously?
Opinion 16-87 May a town justice serve as the workplace ombudsman for aggrieved town employees?
Opinion 16-92 May a part-time judge participate in a District Attorney's traffic diversion program by (1) adjourning a defendant's case for 60 days at the DA's request so the defendant can take part in the program and then (2) dismissing the charges at the DA's request after successful completion, where defendants are charged a fee to participate in the diversion program?
Opinion 16-93 May a judge place flyers for a not-for-profit bar association's upcoming educational programs on a table in the back of his/her courtroom?
Opinion 16-94 (1) May a part-time judge run for and serve as delegate to a state constitutional convention? (2) May a judge take a public position on whether a constitutional convention should be convened in an upcoming referendum? (3) May a judge lecture on historical constitutional conventions and procedures? (4) When will the Committee answer questions concerning permissible campaign activities for a judge who wishes to become a constitutional delegate?
Opinion 16-95/16-107 May a judge write a letter on behalf of a not-for-profit organization's grant application to improve the law, the legal system and the administration of justice, where the application (if granted) will specifically assist crime victims?
Opinion 16-96 Where a judge has provided a negative evaluation to the Appellate Division about a doctor's work in a case before the judge, thus triggering reconsideration of the doctor's suitability for an Appellate Division panel, may the judge thereafter continue to preside in other cases in which the doctor appears? Does it make a difference that the doctor knows about the judge's comments?
Opinion 16-98 May a full-time judge serve on (1) the Executive Committee of a private not-for-profit elementary school's board of trustees and/or (2) a search committee to hire a new head of the school?
Opinion 16-103 Where a town or village justice has already reported substantial and troubling irregularities by a co-judge's court clerk to a supervising judge, and taken steps to ensure that the clerk will have no further contact with his/her files, does the judge have any obligation to take further action?
Opinion 16-106 May a full-time judge with relevant personal knowledge concerning a neighbor complete a Department of Social Services "Residency Verification" form which (a) requests strictly factual information concerning the names of all adults and children in the home; (b) requires the form be filled out by a professional who knows the applicant and his/her family; and (c) requires the signer to state his/her profession?
August 1, 2016 Broadcast
Opinion 15-195 May a Family Court judge who ordered a child protective investigation in a case preside over other contested proceedings involving the same family?
Opinion 15-201 May a full-time judge who presides in a drug treatment court serve on the advisory board of a not-for-profit community action organization which educates and assists addicts and their families?
Opinion 15-202 May a full-time judge teach at a continuing legal education program that (1) is advertised in a manner that clearly and improperly implies attorneys attending will be placed in a special position to influence the judge and (2) offers an honorarium designed to maximize the number of paying attendees?
Opinion 15-204 May a judge preside in a case where the judge's secretary once provided freelance transcription services at an earlier stage while it was pending in another court?
Opinion 15-211 May a judge who formerly served as an assistant district attorney, and whose law clerk was a supervising ADA in the same office, preside in cases involving that office? What are the judge's obligations with respect to the law clerk?
Opinion 15-228 May a judge who presides over a re-adoption proceeding involving an attorney thereafter preside in matters involving the attorney and/or his/her law firm? Is disclosure required?
Opinion 15-233 What are a judge's obligations with respect to matters in which the court clerk was previously involved as a non-supervisory staff attorney in his/her prior employment? Does it matter whether the case will end by consent, default, or dismissal? How long does this obligation last?
Opinion 16-07 May a judicial candidate sign a political organization's pledge that requires the candidate to support and endorse all other candidates endorsed by the organization and to consult with it on any appointments when in public office?
Opinion 16-19 May an appellate judge, whose former law clerk is now a support magistrate, serve on an appellate panel reviewing a Family Court judge's decision to grant or deny objections to the support magistrate's factual and legal determinations? Is disclosure required?
Opinion 16-68 May a judge voluntarily comply with guidelines requiring ethically impermissible conduct when deciding a defendant's eligibility for assigned counsel?
Opinion 16-73 May a judge and his/her family attend a defensive driving program hosted by the police department exclusively for police personnel and their families and otherwise closed to the public? Does it make a difference if they would pay their own way?
Opinion 16-78 May a town judge express his/her views to the town board concerning a proposed change to a local speed limit and its likely effect on public confidence in the courts?
Opinion 16-86 May a judge be ordained as a minister via an online course in order to conduct a wedding in another state?
Opinion 16-90 May a judge respond to an inquiry from an Independent Judicial Election Qualification Commission regarding the qualifications of a candidate for judicial office in another judicial district?
July 14, 2016 Broadcast
Opinion 15-196 (1) May a judicial candidate who is a law clerk film a campaign commercial depicting a simulated case conference, if his/her responsibilities include conferencing cases on behalf of a judge? If so, what limitations apply? (2) May a recently elected judge preside in cases involving an attorney who previously appeared in the judge's campaign commercial?
Opinion 15-223 (1) May a judge who is co-trustee of a relative's charitable trust authorize the trust to make charitable donations to not-for-profit entities that regularly appear before the judge, such as legal services providers and agencies to which the judge may make referrals? Is disclosure or disqualification required when a recipient of the trust's charitable donations appears before the judge? (2) May a judge as co-trustee of a charitable trust participate in authorizing donations to not-for-profit organizations that seek to influence social policy?
Opinion 16-23 Where a judge has declined to appoint an expert whose competence the judge questions, and the expert has thereafter tried to pressure the judge into appointing him/her, may the judge preside in cases involving the expert?
Opinion 16-32 May a part-time judge who presides over arraignments and other criminal cases serve as part-time in-house counsel for the local sheriff's office?
Opinion 16-36 (1) May an appellate judge who was formerly an equity partner in a large law firm preside in a case involving a party that is a current or former client of the law firm, when represented by a different law firm? (2) How is the disqualification period calculated if there are ongoing financial connections or obligations between the judge and the firm? (3) Must a judge refer to his/her former law firm's conflict databases to determine whether a client relationship exists?
Opinion 16-77 Where an administrative judge has commenced a lawsuit against certain entities and attorneys for alleged misconduct in the judge's court, what are the obligations of judges in that jurisdiction with respect to other cases in which those entities or attorneys appear?
Opinion 16-89 Where a municipality has previously declined to add court officers' names to a memorial honoring first responders who died during rescue efforts following a terrorist attack, may a judge nonetheless write a letter urging the municipality to add those names?
Opinion 16-104 May a village justice permit the court clerk to attend the mayor's regularly scheduled meetings with the village government's department heads?
Opinion 16-105 May a judge subject to article VI, section 20 of the state constitution sign a separate oath of office for a county legislature's law-related advisory board?
June 20, 2016 Broadcast
Opinion 15-150 Where a judge's first-degree relative is a non-supervisory staff attorney for an insurance company, who will not work on any cases in the New York State courts, what are the judge's obligations when that company appears before him/her as a party or as insurance carrier for a party?
Opinion 15-153 Must a judge report to the probation department that an individual appearing before the judge has violated his/her probation?
Opinion 15-165 May a judge provide the court's internal weekly case summaries to a newspaper for publication?
Opinion 15-169 Where a judge is receiving ongoing restitution installment payments from an individual, payable through a court-ordered intermediary organization, may the judge preside in unrelated cases where that entity's attorneys appear? Is disclosure required?
Opinion 15-171 May a full-time judge serve as an officer for a not-for-profit fraternal organization, serve as a non-legal advisor to the organization on matters of parliamentary procedure, and chair the organization's scholarship committee? May a judge sell raffle tickets benefiting the organization to family members? To friends?
Opinion 15-172 Where a judge's law clerk is the former District Attorney, what are the judge's obligations when the District Attorney's office appears?
Opinion 15-173 May a judge write a letter supporting a court officer's request to be assigned to the judge's courthouse?
Opinion 15-175 May a town or village justice permit the court's sole court clerk to maintain concurrent clerical employment at a substance abuse facility?
Opinion 15-178 In a court where judges repeatedly receive attempted ex parte communications from elected officials on behalf of their constituents, what steps should the judges take?
Opinion 15-185 What are a court attorney-referee's obligations when an attorney appearing before him/her is the sibling of the referee's close personal friend?
Opinion 15-190 May a judge serve on the board of directors for a not-for-profit agency with a broad educational mission that includes certain traffic safety education programs to which the judge may make referrals?
Opinion 15-206 Must a judge disclose or disqualify him/herself when the judge's child's election opponent appears before the judge as an attorney?
Opinion 15-208 Where a judge is personally disqualified from certain cases, may he/she nonetheless permit his/her personally appointed principal law clerk to conference those cases, at the request of the presiding judge?
Opinion 15-219 Where a judge appears on a not-for-profit organization's regular letterhead as a board member, may the judge permit the organization to include his/her name along with other board members on the organization's fund-raising invitations? Must the listing be absolutely identical or literally reproduce the regular letterhead?
Opinion 15-232 May a judge, on his/her own initiative and before the parties' first appearance, request and review grand jury minutes and/or discovery materials produced to the defense?
Opinion 16-01 May a judge who is a member of a law school reunion committee be a signatory or listed as a committee member on a letter that encourages and solicits alumni donations? Or on a letter inviting alumni to attend an upcoming law school reunion event which is not a fund-raiser?
Opinion 16-02 May a judge partner with, or commit the court to partner with, entities applying for a grant to create a domestic violence advocacy program? May the judge or the court participate in the ongoing administration of the resulting advocacy program?
Opinion 16-05 May a full-time judge participate in non-commercial podcasts about New York legal issues, or science fiction and comic book characters and legal issues that may arise in fictional works?
Opinion 16-08 May a full-time City Court judge accept a temporary assignment as a Family Court judge?
Opinion 16-44 Where a judge's non-lawyer spouse works for a global insurance company in a mid-level position, with no litigation responsibilities, what are the judge's obligations when that insurance company appears before him/her?
Opinion 16-48 (1) Must a judge who ordered a transcript to be redacted provide an unredacted copy to counsel on request? (2) Is a judge disqualified from presiding in a case where a party and his/her spouse are long-time acquaintances of the judge's spouse and an associate in that party's law firm served as the judge's court attorney more than a decade ago? (3) Must a judge report an attorney if he/she believes the attorney is improperly attempting to include personal information about the judge's family in the record?
Opinion 16-49 How long is a judge disqualified from matters involving an attorney he/she reported to the grievance committee?
Opinion 16-51 May a full-time judge serve on the board of a not-for-profit community economic development corporation?
Opinion 16-53 May a town or village justice permit the court clerk to serve as an acting justice of the same court?
Opinion 16-54 May a judge preside in a matter involving a defendant who (a) is a judge in the same geographic region and (b) previously had some minimal political and professional connections with the judge's current law secretary? Is disclosure required?
Opinion 16-56 May a judge decline to solemnize all marriages? If so, may court staff refer the couple to another wedding officiant?
Opinion 16-58 May a part-time judge conduct background investigations for the United States Office of Personnel Management?
Opinion 16-59 May a judge who previously served as a local prosecutor for a lightly populated municipality for many years, ending over a decade ago, preside in a case involving high-profile allegations of recent misconduct by the local police?
Opinion 16-60 May a judge join an informal discussion group with politically connected people to develop detailed proposals for redistricting reform, comprehensive election and voting reforms, restructuring the legislature, changes in school funding, and other highly controversial or political matters?
Opinion 16-62 May a judge who is a respondent in a CPLR Article 78 proceeding seeking to annul/vacate the judge's order in a pending criminal case comment on the criminal case in his/her answer or appearance in the proceeding?
Opinion 16-63 (1) When does a non-judge who has been appointed to judicial office become subject to the Rules Governing Judicial Conduct? (2) May a part-time judge publicly display on his/her office building a non-partisan banner stating "Your vote counts in ___ County"? (3) May a part-time attorney judge's attorney tenant appear before other co-judges of the judge's court, where the judge and the tenant (a) share a fax machine and fax number which is included in their respective stationery, (b) occasionally cover court appearances for each other, and/or (c) permit the judge's receptionist to answer phone calls for the tenant?
Opinion 16-66 Where an attorney's representation of the judge's second-degree relative ended two years ago, but the judge knows the attorney has an outstanding judgment for unpaid legal fees, what are the judge's obligations in matters where that attorney appears?
Opinion 16-67 Where a judge's first-degree relative heads the local probation department, what are the judge's obligations in matters where the department's employees appear?
Opinion 16-69 May a judge serve as master of ceremonies for a not-for-profit community organization's event honoring local religious leaders and a local executive branch official, where "all the proceeds will benefit the youth program"?
May 12, 2016 Broadcast
Opinion 15-94 What are the obligations of a judge who receives reliable information that a more senior judge, who has administrative or supervisory responsibilities, displayed impatient, discourteous, and undignified behavior on the bench, made unprovoked threats to alter another judge's order in the case sua sponte to suit the more senior judge's personal preferences, and repeatedly refused to consider or decide the issues before him/her?
Opinion 15-151 May a village justice continue as a client of a salesperson whose spouse is the village prosecutor?
Opinion 15-157 Must a court attorney referee take any action on learning that an attorney briefly spoke to a witness about subpoenaed materials during a recess?
Opinion 15-163 What are the obligations of a judge who learns that an attorney appearing before him/her made a charitable donation to honor the judge's deceased relative?
Opinion 15-164 May a judge whose first-degree relative is a part-time attorney for the county department of social services preside in criminal cases alleging welfare fraud where the agency is the victim or complainant?
Opinion 15-188 May a judge become involved in legislative redistricting under the facts presented?
Opinion 15-193 May a judge write to the director of a federally funded medical facility to express appreciation for care provided to the judge's deceased parent? May the judge send copies of such a letter to federal legislators?
Opinion 15-197(A) May a town justice assist prosecutors by (a) arranging meetings with the prosecutor's prospective witnesses and/or (b) instructing such witnesses to bring lab reports or other possible evidentiary materials to court?
Opinion 15-198 May a judge attend a magistrates' association meeting held at a local correctional facility?
Opinion 15-200 May a full-time judge serve in the U.S. Army Reserve Judge Advocate General Corps?
Opinion 15-203 May a full-time judge who presides in a treatment court serve on a legislator's advisory committee on drug abuse?
Opinion 15-205 May a part-time judge serve as Corporation Counsel?
Opinion 15-210 May a judge be a member of the Shooters Committee on Political Education?
Opinion 15-227 May a judge whose spouse is actively involved in the not-for-profit American Israel Public Affairs Committee attend a non-political dinner at which the judge's spouse and other financial supporters will be recognized?
Opinion 16-14 What are a judge's obligations with respect to (a) his/her former colleagues at a private law firm, (b) individuals who supported his/her election campaign in various capacities, (c) his/her former subordinates in a government law office, and (d) his/her law clerk's former private law firm employer?
Opinion 16-21 May a town justice preside over a bench trial, where a town board member who votes on the judge's salary is a necessary witness whose credibility the judge must evaluate?
Opinion 16-25 May a judge notify a police officer's commander of the officer's non-compliance with a legal mandate?
Opinion 16-28 May a Family Court judge preside in matters involving an agency that has hired the judge's first-degree relative for a part-time entry-level job, given that the agency is one where the county department of social services may place a child?
Opinion 16-30 May a judge preside in matters involving assistant public defenders subject to the supervision of a Public Defender who, in his/her former capacity as a private attorney, had preliminarily and briefly represented the judge in a disciplinary proceeding one year ago?
Opinion 16-31 What are a judge's obligations on learning that a lawyer or law firm appearing before him/her is opposing counsel to the judge's attorney spouse in an unrelated action in another court? May the judge continue to preside? Is disclosure required?
Opinion 16-34 May a full-time judge participate as one of several panelists and mentors at a commercial entity's free luncheon for young people of a particular minority group, when commercial entity has assured the judge in writing that the event is entirely philanthropic, the judge's participation will not be used for promotional purposes, and no commercial activity whatsoever will take place at the event?
Opinion 16-35 May a judge attend, as a guest, a fund-raising event held by a not-for-profit law enforcement organization? May the judge make donations to the entity?
Opinion 16-37 May a full-time judge enter into an option/purchase agreement with a film producer, for a screenplay the judge wrote?
Opinion 16-38 May a judge presiding in a large urban criminal court write a reference for a police officer seeking to be promoted based on personal knowledge of the officer, which predates the judge's assumption of judicial office?
Opinion 16-39 What are a judge's obligations with respect to reporting attorneys for improper use of their firm's IOLA account?
Opinion 16-42 May a judge sign a final decree of judicial settlement pursuant to SCPA § 2602(1)(b), following disqualification of the judge who issued the underlying decision?
Opinion 16-43 May a criminal court judge who previously presided over an ex parte search warrant application later arraign (1) a confidential informant who testified in support of the warrant and/or (2) the target of the search warrant? Is disclosure or disqualification required?
April 13, 2016 Broadcast
Opinion 15-113 May a judge be the introductory speaker at a Criminal Justice Services Division program focused on discouraging gun violence among probationers and parolees who have no pending charges, where the event will take place at a courthouse, and participants include prosecutors, law enforcement, the Legal Aid Society, social service providers, and community leaders?
Opinion 15-133 May a judge attend a foreign consulate's reception for its ambassador? May a judge speak at the consulate about the judge's personal experiences in becoming a jurist?
Opinion 15-183 What are a judge's disciplinary obligations after learning that a police report contains a defendant's unconfirmed, but also un-denied, claim that an assistant public defender directed a racial/ethnic slur toward the defendant?
Opinion 15-189 What are a judge's obligations on learning of substantial and troubling irregularities in his/her court arising from the conduct of a former town court clerk, as well as possibly improper behavior by a former town justice?
Opinion 15-209 May a part-time judge consult ex parte with court personnel who staff the City, Town and Village Courts Resource Center? Must there be notice and/or disclosure to the parties in the case?
Opinion 15-220 If applicable law authorizes certain judges to delegate the authority to accept guilty pleas and set fines in certain matters, is it ethically permissible for such judges to delegate that authority under the applicable statutory scheme?
Opinion 15-226 May a judge order payment to a former guardian ad litem for services which pre-date the attorney's employment with the Unified Court System? Does it matter if the former guardian ad litem now serves as principal law clerk to another judge (i.e., one who is not presiding in the case)?
Opinion 16-15 May a full-time judge accept an honorarium for giving the "lesson for the day" at a worship service?
Opinion 16-16 May a judge who presided over two related civil actions preside over the losing party's subsequent malpractice action against its former counsel?
Opinion 16-18 May a judge serve as a character reference for a court intern who has applied for a pistol permit?
Opinion 16-20 May a judge whose prior service as an assistant attorney general ended five years ago preside in matters involving the Attorney General's office?
Opinion 16-26 Must a Court of Claims judge disclose or disqualify him/herself from cases involving the Attorney General's office, based solely on media efforts to link the judge and his/her spouse with a person whom the Attorney General is investigating?
Opinion 16-33 May a judge write a letter on behalf of a family member who has a criminal case pending in another state? Does it make a difference if the judge does not reveal his/her judicial status but writes solely in his/her personal capacity as the defendant's relative and as an individual who has previous professional experience as a prosecutor, a defense attorney, and a quasi-judicial official?
Opinion 16-40 May a judge who is a member and officer of a specialized bar association sign the association's certificate of incorporation?
Opinion 16-41 May a judge, at the request of an attorney who recently appeared before him/her as the subject of a Treatment Court proceeding, voluntarily testify in the attorney's disciplinary proceeding?
March 25, 2016 Broadcast
(See archive for additional opinions broadcast on this date.)
Opinion 16-04 May a judge participate in a bar association's membership drive and recruit new attorney members with a complimentary one year membership?
Opinion 16-06 May a full-time judge who wrote a children's book: participate in book signings; spread the news that the book has been published; give away complimentary copies of the book; tell people, on request, where the book may be purchased; permit the publisher to mention the judge's judicial status; appear in judicial robes on the book's back cover; and/or read the book at an elementary school? Do any special restrictions apply because the work is a children's book rather than a law-related book?
Opinion 16-11 May a judge who is a defendant in a bank's foreclosure action preside over an unrelated action in which a party has subpoenaed records from the bank, where the bank is a mere stakeholder which has not appeared or taken a position regarding the subpoena?
Opinion 16-13 May a newly appointed part-time judge continue to represent a client on cases which not only originated in the judge's court, but were previously handled by the inquiring judge's predecessor on that court, and were transferred to another local court only after the inquiring judge assumed the bench?
March 17, 2016 Broadcast
(See archive for additional opinions broadcast on this date.)
Opinion 16-03 Where a judge's spouse is a statewide information security officer for the state police and internally advises that agency on technology issues, must the judge disclose the relationship or disqualify him/herself in cases involving the state police?
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Dodge Expanding "Blacktop Package" to Seven-Passenger Models
Dodge is bringing a touch of style to the seven-passenger vehicles in its lineup. Starting a little later this year Grand Caravan, Durango and Journey buyers will have the option of ordering a unique "Blacktop" package on these vehicles, which adds a healthy dose of design flair without breaking the bank.
This special-edition trim has proven to be a popular option on Dodge's passenger cars including the Challenger, Charger and Avenger, which is why the brand is making it available on the family-friendly vehicles in its showroom.
Some of the appearance enhancements in the Blacktop package include special, gloss-black wheels, exclusive paint colors and unique grilles with matching surrounds. Altogether the company says these changes are "sinister looking," but you can judge for yourself.
Blacktop upgrades will be offered on the Grand Caravan SXT model and will set customers back $595. Aside from exterior changes, the van's innards get some enhancements as well. These include an all black interior, contrasting silver stitching on the cloth seats and more. Look for Blacktop-equipped Grand Caravans at Dodge dealers in the second-quarter of the year.
Durango SUV buyers are offered similar enhancements. The Blacktop package is available on Rallye and R/T models, and again stickers for a little less than 600 bucks. It should arrive at Dodge stores shortly.
Last but not least, the Journey hasn't been forgotten. This versatile crossover is offered in wide variety of flavors. Buyers can choose between four-cylinder power and a muscular, smooth-running Pentastar V6. Front- or all-wheel drive are also on the menu, as is five- and seven-passenger seating. As for the Blacktop package, it's offered on the value-focused Journey SXT. Upgrades include 19-inch wheels and lots gloss-black, from the headlamp bezels to the lower fascia to the side-view mirrors. Chrysler's Uconnect system is also included in the $995 package. Blacktop-edition Dodge Journeys will be available starting in the second quarter of 2013.
GALLERY: 2013 Dodge Blacktop Models
Discuss this story at DodgeTalk.com

subset: commoncrawl


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If an item you ordered from TextbookRush does not meet your expectations due to an error on our part, simply fill out a return request and then return it by mail within 30 days of ordering it for a full refund of item cost.
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Tributes for May 20
May 30, 2013
Mary Louise Sweitzer
July 2, 1929-Jan. 25, 2013
Age: 83
Residence: Eaton
Mary Sweitzer died on Jan. 25, 2013, at her home in Eaton. She was 83.
Mary is survived by her daughter, Pam (Ron) Nelson; two grandchildren, Mary (Scott) Clawson and Jim (Theresa) Presley; one brother, John Pierce; and five great-grandchildren.
She was preceded in death by her husband, Larry; stepson, Michael Sweitzer; her parents; three sisters; and one brother.
There will be a celebration of life held at 11 a.m. May 24 at Loveland Burial Park.
The family requests that in lieu of flowers, memorial contributions be made in Mary's name to Accent Hospice Care, c/o Marissa, 1180 Main St. Suite 9, Windsor, CO 80550.
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Christmas Stockings to Sew, Knit or Crochet
Page 1 Page 2
Create treasures to hang up by the chimney with care. Whether you like to sew, knot or crochet, you will surely find a project to suit your taste.
Mini-Stocking OrnamentsThese are really easy to sew and are a good way to use up small pieces of Christmas fabric left over from other projects.craftideas.info
English Cottage Christmas StockingsA wonderful mix of fabrics plus the details make these stockings really special. The illustated tutorial takes you through each step to guarantee success when sewing yours.sew4home.com
Upcycled StockingsThese have such a country charm to them and are made using old sweaters and fabric. An illustrated tutorial shows you how to make these.gina-michele.com
Burlap StockingsThese are very calm and natural looking and the combintion of satin plus burlap gives them a rustic yet elegant look to them.makeit-loveit.com
Whimsical Christmas StockingsThese are cheerful and colorful and if you print out the pattern and follow the illustrated step-by-step tutorial, you can also sew up a batch of these for your entire family.positivelysplendid.com
Appliqued Christmas StockingsPersonally created stockings just make the holidays more special. Here you will find an illustrated tutorial to sew one for yourself and all your family members.mellysews.com
Embroidered StockingsThis illustrated step-by-step tutorial demonstrates from the beginning to the end how to sew your own stocking and then how to personalize it with your name.purlbee.com
Advent Calendars
Basic Christmas Crafts
Christmas Around the World
Christmas Cards
Christmas Carols
Christmas Coloring Book Pages
Christmas Freebies
Christmas Games and Puzzles
Christmas in Germany
Christmas Recipes
Christmas Stories and Poems
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CH25: Joshua Harker
Pushing the boundaries of sculpture with intricate 3D printing
Self-proclaimed "troublemaker " Joshua Harker creates intricate 3D-printed works that near the border of impossibility, and he has been able to do so by taking the road less traveled by artists before him. Taking advantage of technology that's developed alongside his art, he uses platforms like Kickstarter to make his works accessible to a wider audience.
In the late '80s, he started drawing using the surrealist technique of automatism, letting go of rational control and discovering what the subconscious wanted to express. "My intent was to explore and depict the architecture of the imagination," he says. "To interpret and share forms evident in the mind's eye, but that cannot otherwise be described." But physical limitations barred him from moving these ideas into sculpture. "I wanted to give form to the process but there was no way to create what I was doing three-dimensionally. No material, process, or technology existed that would allow me to work in the spontaneous way needed and provide intuitive control over the complexity of shape and volume."
To find out more about Harker's fascinating process, read his full CH25 profile.
Illustration by Jason Ratliff, images courtesy of Joshua Harker


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During the week of the Democratic National Convention (DNC), traffic in and around Charlotte will likely be heavy and some roads may be closed. Please allow more time for travel. Stay up to date with local charlotte resources.
Visit ridetransit.org for details on the
re-routing of CATS services and the temporary relocation of the Charlotte Transit Center.
Call 511 for the latest on road conditions and closures for interstates and highways from the N.C. Department of Transportation.
Register to receive updates on DNC activities via email or text from the City of Charlotte at DNCinfo.charlottenc.gov.
Visit local media websites or tune in to local TV stations or WBT radio (99.3 FM, 1110 AM) for up-to-date traffic information:
The documents on this page are available in Adobe PDF format. You will need Adobe Reader to view them. Download and install a free copy of the software below.
As the city selected for the 2012 Democratic National Convention (DNC), Charlotte will be in the national and international spotlight during much of the week from Sept. 1 to Sept. 7, 2012.
Carolinas HealthCare System plays a significant role as a key community partner during DNC week ensuring that medical care is available if needed to the more than 50,000 expected guests in our city.
This special web page has been created solely to communicate important information related to DNC activities and any impact they may have on our patients, guests, physicians and employees. Any timely bulletins will also be communicated on this page.
Frequently Asked Questions (PDF)
Receive the latest information regarding the DNC by adding CHS Alerts to your rss feed reader. You can also stay connected with us during the DNC week by following us on Facebook and Twitter.
Due to potential traffic concerns and road closings during the week of the DNC, a few practices/facilities will be temporarily closed or relocated. Please note the majority of our physician practices will be closed Monday, Sept. 3, to observe the Labor Day holiday.
Carolinas Hematology-Oncology Associates
1100 S. Tryon St., Suite 400
Charlotte, NC 28203
Office closed Sept. 4 – 6
Mecklenburg Medical Group – Uptown
200 S. College St., Suite 500
Charlotte, NC 28202
Sept. 4 – 7, office will be relocated to:
Mecklenburg Medical Group – SouthPark
4525 Cameron Valley Parkway
Charlotte, NC 28211
Show additional closings/relocations
Mecklenburg Medical Group Uptown Express Care
200 S. College St., Suite 500
Charlotte, NC 28202
Office closed Sept. 4 – 7
Carolinas College of Health Sciences
1200 Blythe Boulevard
Charlotte, NC 28203
Office will be open Sept. 4 – 7, 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., but will offer no on-site classes
|CHS Security
|Charlotte Metro
|Anson Community Hospital
|Carolinas HealthCare System NorthEast
|Carolinas HealthCare System Union
|Corporate Compliance
Safety Line
|CHS Corporate Incident Command Center (CICC) Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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This article or section is incomplete This page is marked as lacking essential detail, and needs attention. Information regarding expansion requirements may be found on the article's talk page. Feel free to edit this page to assist with this expansion.
Thing was a term that described an unknown entity.
In the 2270s, James T. Kirk requested that Leonard McCoy to be assigned to the USS Enterprise again. When McCoy protested, Kirk began to explain, "Bones, there's a 'thing' out there..", to which McCoy retorted, "Why is any object we don't understand always called a 'thing'?" (Star Trek: The Motion Picture)


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The 2016 edition of our annual audit quality report gives stakeholders a transparent look at the foundation of quality in our assurance practice - and the actions we have taken, and will continue to take, to sustain and build upon audit quality.
Transparency data points provide additional information about our audit practice and our investment in and focus on audit quality.
Of our assurance professionals report receiving consistent messages about the importance of audit quality from both local and firm leadership.
Average amount of student loan debt PwC will defray for eligible recent graduates. This allows us to attract and retain the best talent and, in turn, hold up our standard of quality.
Engagement Index on our global people survey - which measures the pride, advocacy, commitment and overall satisfaction of our people. This contributes positively to our quality objectives.
Tim Ryan, PwC US Chairman and Senior Partner, and Maria Castañón Moats, US Assurance Leader, introduce PwC's 2016 quality report and discuss PwC's commitment to audit quality.
We are committed to proactively advancing audit quality. This means developing our people, enhancing our processes, investing in technology so we sustain and build on our recent quality results, and continuing to enhance our culture of excellence and quality.
This report is intended to provide you with detailed information on our quality journey. We've included 16 Transparency Data Points to provide additional information about our audit practice and our investment in and focus on audit quality. You will see how those measures have changed over the course of the past three years, in most cases providing quantitative evidence of our growth and improvement. While not all of the transparency data points we include in this report may be individually directly linked to audit quality, we believe the suite of transparency data points included in this report provides useful information that—particularly when combined with additional context and discussion—offers valuable insight to our stakeholders.


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Helping You Transform in a Digital AgeDigital Transformation
October marks five quarters since I took on a role to lead Cisco's Internet of Things (IoT) Systems and Software Group, a critical business for Cisco to help organizations connectRead More
Cisco Modeling Labs on TechWiseTVTechWiseTV
Designing, building, testing and launching physical networks can be an expensive, complex and time-consuming endeavor, and these trends are putting a premium on the need to speed up the process.Read More
Looking Beyond Cost Savings with SDN and NFVEnterprise Networks
A few weeks ago when we announced the Cisco APIC Enterprise Module, in response to a post by Cisco VP Jeff Reed, David had quite a lengthy comment to whichRead More
Cloud and Advanced Services Are Service Providers' Keys To Tapping the Fragmented $200 Billion Small and Medium Business MarketSP360: Service Provider
By Neeraj Kumar and Kevin Suh, Cisco Consulting Services The small and medium sized-business (SMB) commercial-services market is important for all types of service providers (SPs). SMBs account for moreRead More
And now, finally, you can afford to let your VDI administrator go on vacation ….Data Center
I know I know.. You are already familiar with the fundamentals of Desktop Virtualization. So we are not going to talk about that. However, if you do not knowRead More
Did You Know? Cisco's FCoE Transformational ServiceData Center
Over the past couple of years the conversation about Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and converged networks (e.g., Unified Fabric) has become more and more sophisticated. While I still getRead More


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Fiji Me
A Glimpse of Paradise in the Fiji Islands
de Shawn Robin Davison
Acerca del libro
Fiji Me is a memory book. It is a glimpse of Paradise in the Fiji Islands from late January and early February 2010.
Nine friends, known as The Liberty Team, made the journey from Colorado USA to the Fiji Islands to experience it fully.
This book but a portion of this journey, and includes several addtional friends we met along the way.
Real genuine friendship is precious. I'm very grateful for the friendships in my life. This book is a token of my appreciation for the friends that shared this incredible Fiji experience with me.
May you continue to create the Liberty in your life that makes your Dreams come true!
Bula Bula, -Shawn
Características y detalles
- Categoría Viajes
Apaisado estándar, 25×20 cm
120 Páginas
- Fecha de publicación mar. 13, 2011
- Etiquetas Fiji Islands, Shark Diving, Paradise, Sailing
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Man's man pornstar Troy Punk meets up with Dixter performer Johnny G, and the result is one hell of a fuck! Troy looks so straight that it sometimes surprises people what a serious ass-pounding he can take. You would think someone who has done a series of porn videos would get sort of blase - you know, been there, done that. But Troy can't seem to get enough down and dirty sex. Maybe that's why he's in porn - to get laid. In any event, Johnny G goes all out to make sure that Troy gets the fuck he needs!
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More than 100 New Hampshire physicians and health care providers have been reportedly victimized by tax fraud, and U.S. Senator Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H., is urging federal officials to investigate.
According to news reports cited by her office, the victims had their Social Security numbers stolen, and the perpetrators used them to file fraudulent tax returns and stole tax refunds.
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For an actor, regardless of his reputation or experience, it definitely would be in his dream list to work with a director like Mani Ratnam at least once. This fact, can hardly be denied by any Indian actor.
This being the scenario, imagine a newcomer actually rejecting an opportunity to work in a Mani Ratnam movie by telling the famed director that he doesn't want to act in his movie.
That's exactly what Prashanth had told the Roja director in the early stages of his career as an actor, after being auditioned by Mani Ratnam himself.
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He said, "I had done only a few films when I got a call from a director's office saying that they wanted to do a screen test. The audition was scheduled at seven in the morning and I reached there by 6:45."
Talking about how he failed to recognize Mani Ratnam, he continued, "there was a gentleman sitting in a corner doing his own stuff, after five minutes, I walked up to him and said, I have my shooting scheduled at 9 O'clock, so can you please ask the director to get started".
"The man shouted some name and a person walked in and started preparing for the screen test, I asked him who the man was only to be informed that I had actually spoken to Mani Ratnam."
"During the screen test, I was given a cigarette and was asked to smoke while performing. I told Mr. Ratnam that I don't smoke. He then told me that the character which is assigned to me is a smoker for which I said I don't need that character then", said Prashanth.
Also Read: AR Rahman's Mental Manadhil From OK Kanmani Achieves Something Substantial!


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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
I hired a lawyer for an abuse case against a nursing home. While I was away he gave some wrongful advice to one of my family members. My family member got into my checking account thinking it was okay because it was on our dad's account. But what they failed to realize it was a "joint account with survivorship and not for tenants in common". I have already filed a complaint with the FDIC about the bank. What is the legal way to deal with my lawyer?
In short, yes, you can sue your attorney. However, from your described situation I can't see where your lawyer did anything to be civilly liable to you. You'll need to consult with an attorney of your choosing for specific advice.
This creates NO attorney-client relationship and all answers are for general information. All persons are encouraged to consult with a licensed attorney of their choosing for advice specific to their need(s).Ask a similar question
Yes, but you'll have to explain your claim in detail to the attorney you chose to handle it.
This response is not intended to create an attorney client relationship and is based on the limited information available at the time of the response. Before acting on anything stated or referenced in this response you should consult with an attorney of your choosing and go over the specific details of your legal circumstances.Ask a similar question
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