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Kris Kewitsch
Executive Director
Kris Kewitsch is the Executive Director of Charities Review Council, helping to ensure the Council delivers on its mission to be an independent resource so people are empowered to make informed and thoughtful giving decisions so they can be more effective in helping charities advance their important work.
Prior to joining the Council, Kris worked in corporate philanthropy with Target Corporation, U.S. Bank, and Piper Jaffray, directing resources—both human and financial—to nonprofits across the country. Kris attended Gustavus Adolphus College, receiving a BA in Sociology and Anthropology. She has served on numerous boards, including the Corporate Volunteerism Council, National Council on Workplace Volunteerism, and the Volunteer Resource Center (now HandsOn Twin Cities). Kris was recently named to Twin Cities Business List of 100 to Know in 2017. She lives in St. Louis Park with her husband and three dogs.
(651) 328‒6970
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Abby Wellan
Nonprofit Services & Communications Manager
Abby Wellan joined Charities Review Council in 2012 as a Nonprofit Services Intern and is now serving as the Nonprofit Services & Communications Specialist, where she supports nonprofits and assists with implementing the Council's communication plan. Abby is an integral member of our Nonprofit Services Team, providing support and technical assistance to nonprofits as they go through the online Accountability Wizard review process. Abby also coordinates the Council's Strengthening Projects, which include the Strengthening Workshop series and customized one on one support. As the volunteer program manager, Abby also supports the recruitment, training, and supervision of Council volunteers.
Abby graduated with honors from St. Cloud State University, with a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations, and three minors: Intercultural Communications, Human Relations, and Political Science. Abby currently serves as a volunteer for Delta Zeta National Sorority, providing support in areas of philanthropy and alumni relations. When she's not partnering with nonprofits to build their organizational capacity, she enjoys traveling, both near and far, to learn and see new things.
(651) 328‒6972
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Twitter: @abbyw675
Ian Cook
Nonprofit Services & Development Specialist
Ian Cook joined Charities Review Council in 2015 and serves as the Nonprofit Services & Development Specialist. Ian coordinates the Accountability Wizard® review process and provides support and technical assistance to nonprofits as they work through the process. He also manages the Council's individual giving and institutional fund development efforts.
Ian is an active musician. He works as a freelance composer and engraver of new music, and he sings in the National Lutheran Choir, MPLS (imPulse), and Aliro Voices. Ian serves on the board of directors of MPLS (imPulse) and serves in a leadership role in Aliro Voices. Ian worked for several other nonprofits before joining the Council, such as the Northfield Youth Choirs, the Ordway Center for the Performing Arts, the Minnesota Music Educators Association, and the Banfill-Locke Center for the Arts. Ian graduated from St. Olaf College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Music, an emphasis in Music Theory and Composition, a concentration in Educational Studies, and a K–12 Instrumental Music teaching license.
(651) 328‒6981
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Twitter: @ianacook


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Hike to the Tibetan Bridge of Carasc
Monte Carasso - Curzútt- San Bernardo - Carasc - Monte Carasso
Route Details | Details about this tour | Ratings for this Tour (1) | Tours in the Vicinity
Hike to the Tibetan Bridge of Carasc
Monte Carasso - Curzútt- San Bernardo - Carasc - Monte Carasso
On the website for the "Top Ten Highlights of the Ticino", this hike to one of Switzerland's longest Tibetan-style suspension bridges is described as a 4-hour hike starting in Sementina near Bellinzona, and hiking up the sun-drenched vineyards facing the Magadino Plain, then crossing the spectacular bridge, ending with a visit to the very old chapel of San Bernardo, the restored village of Curzútt, and then a steep 350m descent to Monte Carasso.
In this version we walked in the opposite direction, saving about an hour's walking time by taking the Monte Carasso - Mornera cable car to the village of Curzútt, which lies at 600m and is a fairly new stop along the route. Curzútt is a very pretty cluster of stone houses built in the typical dry-stone style of the Ticino area. The hostel at Curzútt offers reasonably priced accommodation and meals. This whole area including gardens and terraced vineyards has been lovingly restored by the Fondazione Curzútt-S. Barnard thanks to a significant investment of about 6 million Francs.
About 10 minutes along the trail toward the suspension bridge lies the small Romanesque church of San Bernardo whose origins date back to the late 11th century. The interior is virtually fully covered in 14th and 15th century frescoes. The painting of the Last Supper is especially interesting owing to the fact that the artist featured local products, including freshwater crabs and cherries, on the table.
A pleasant walk through chestnut forests approaches the elegant Tibetan bridge from above. The sight is breath-taking: 270 metres in length and suspended 130 metres above the Sementina creek below. Crossing the bridge is not as fear-inducing as it may seem: Swiss bridge builders have made sure the bridge is securely fastened so it doesn't swing.
On the other side of the bridge there is a short uphill section, and then the path heads downhill all the way through more chestnut woods, vineyards, palm and magnolia gardens back to Monte Carasso. A little detour to the plateau of San Defendente is also recommended.
Quick-Links about this Tour

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Description: Why has one game, alone among the thousands of games invented and played throughout human history, not only survived but thrived within every culture it has touched? What is it about its thirty-two figurative pieces, moving about its sixty-four black and white squares according to very simple rules, that has captivated people for nearly 1,500 years? Why has it driven some of its greatest players into paranoia and madness, and yet is hailed as a remarkably powerful intellectual tool? Nearly everyone has played chess at some point in their lives. Its rules and pieces have served as a metaphor for society, influencing military strategy, mathematics, artificial intelligence, and literature and the arts. It has been condemned as the devil's game by popes, rabbis, and imams, and lauded as a guide to proper living by other popes, rabbis, and imams. Marcel Duchamp was so absorbed in the game that he ignored his wife on their honeymoon. Caliph Muhammad al-Amin lost his throne (and his head) trying to checkmate a courtier. Ben Franklin used the game as a cover for secret diplomacy. In his wide-ranging and ever-fascinating examination of chess, David Shenk gleefully unearths the hidden history of a game that seems so simple yet contains infinity. From its invention somewhere in India around 500 A.D., to its enthusiastic adoption by the Persians and its spread by Islamic warriors, to its remarkable use as a moral guide in the Middle Ages and its political utility in the Enlightenment, to its crucial importance in the birth of cognitive science and its key role in the aesthetic of modernism in twentieth-century art, to its twenty-first-century importance in the development ofartificial intelligence and use as a teaching tool in inner-city America, chess has been a remarkably omnipresent factor in the development of civilization.
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List price: $26.00Copyright year: 2006Publisher: The Doubleday Religious Publishing GroupPublication date: 9/5/2006Binding: HardcoverPages: 352Size: 6.25" wide x 9.50" long x 1.00" tall Weight: 1.342Language: English
David Shenk a former fellow at the Freedom Forum Media Studies Center at Columbia University, he has written for Harper's Wired, Salon, The New Republic, The Washington Post, and The New Yorker, and is an occasional commentator for NPR's "All Things Considered". He lives in Brooklyn, New York.
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Jane's Addiction "Jane Says" on Guitar Center Sessions MP3
An exclusive clip of Jane's Addiction's performance of "Jane Says" from Guitar Center Sessions on DIRECTV. See an all new episode on September 25th at 9pm ...
Jane's Addiction - Jane Says | Live in Sydney | Moshcam MP3
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Jane Says - Jane's Addiction MP3
Jane Says Music Video Jane's Addiction, Nothing Shocking, 1988 Released August 23, 1988 Recorded 1987-1988 Genre Folk rock Label Warner Bros.
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Death in Galway crash means 12 people have died on Irish roads since Sunday
Gardaí at Ballinasloe, Co Galway are investigating a single vehicle fatal road traffic collision which occurred at Coolagh, Gurtymadden, Co Galway today, a crash which brings the death toll on Irish roads since Sunday to 12.
THe crash in Galway occurred at approximately 2.45am on the Loughrea to Killimor Rd N65, about three miles outside Killimor, when the car collided with a concrete barrier.
The 26-year-old male driver was seriously injured and taken to University College Hospital Galway.
He was later pronounced dead in hospital.
No other persons were involved.
Earlier this morning, three people were killed in a head-on crash in Donegal in the early hours of this morning.
The two men and one woman died when two cars collided on a minor road beside a wooded area near Corrovaddy, just outside Letterkenny, at about 1am on Thursday.
Another man was rushed to hospital and is in a serious condition.
Gardai said the three bodies remained at the scene for several hours after the accident and the county coroner had been notified.
The road death toll for the week has reached double figures following the accident and it comes after the Garda Traffic Corps and Road Safety Authority issued appeals for drivers to take care on the roads as the August bank holiday approaches.
Four men were killed in a spate of crashes within hours of each other in Donegal, Meath and Kildare earlier in the week.
And a mother and her teenage son died in a crash in Co Galway on Sunday night, along with other fatal accidents in Kildare and Sligo.
Gardai appealed for witnesses to the latest accident to contact officers in Letterkenny.
Chief Superintendent Aidan Reid today has emphasised to road users "An Garda Síochána has carried out 201 mandatory alcohol checkpoints and 738 breath tests from 27th July to 28th July and it clear that some people have failed to listen or heed our warning.
"This is evident as 35 persons have been detected for drink driving in the last few days. While these high visibility checkpoints act as a deterrent we urge drivers to take personal responsibility for their actions and never ever drink and drive. We also urge all passengers to never allow themselves to be carried in a car where the driver is under the influence of alcohol or drugs"
Meanwhile, Donegal County Council's road safety officer, Brian O'Donnell, urged people to be extra vigilant.
"This means always obey the speed limits, reduce speed in inclement weather conditions and allow plenty of time to arrive safely at your destination, always wear your seatbelt, never use a mobile phone while driving, and never drink and drive," he said.
The council said the latest tragedies were truly horrific and officials said thoughts and prayers were with the families and relatives of those involved.
"We as a community have had far too many tragedies, particularly road traffic collisions," the council said.
"No family should have to suffer the pain and loss of a loved one as a result of a road traffic collision. It should never be forgotten that behind every figure and statistic are real tragedies and real victims with real lives lost."
The council urged people to take personal responsibility for road safety.
"Road safety is not issue for the authorities alone. Each one of us who use our roads can make a difference and should take a moment to reflect on how we use the roads and whether or not we could improve our driving and ensure that we do not become another bleak statistic - or the cause of one. These recent tragedies have changed countless lives forever," it said.


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Fulltone's 70-BC returns in an OCD-sized enclosure!
Thanks to a recent find of a couple thousand excellent BC108C transistors, Fulltone is happy to announce the return of the 70 Fuzz pedal, this time in a small (OCD-sized) housing. These transistors sound outrageous, and the resulting 70-BC Fuzz pedal still has the secret-weapon "Mid" knob which will allow you to do something other Fuzzfaces won't let you do—be heard in the mix!
Ever played that legendary original fuzz from around 1970? If so, you know it's not the same sound as ones with the same namesake being mass-produced currently. The Fulltone 70-BC has two intentionally mismatched (for harmonic content) silicon transistors that snarl and spit—not for the meek! If you put the "Fuzz" on 10 you will rip, and you might get all sorts of oscillation and weirdness, but that's what rock is about, right? Don't try using it with a wah wah—you can't, and neither could Jimi, without it screaming and howling. You want polite and quiet? Sorry, you'll have to go elsewhere. You want art in a box? Come on in!
Housed in a 16-gauge steel box and powdercoated Deep Blue, the 70-BC pedal is a bit unruly but with some warmth, ideal for older, four-input Marshall amps, it has much more fuzz than the '69 Pedal and includes a Mid control for extra clarity and cut.
Specifications subject to change at any given moment due to parts availability and due to whimsy.
- Reissue of the Fulltone 70 fuzz in a smaller (OCD-sized) housing
- Mid knob provides extra clarity and cut
- 16-gauge steel enclosure
- Ideal for older 4-input Marshall amps
- (2015-04-01) Fulltone 70 demo of the bias settings by Laurelwood Effects
- (2016-01-22) How does The Atomic Amplifire Take Pedals - Fulltone '70 BC-108c Fuzz by AndertonsMusic
- (2017-02-21) Fulltone 70-BC Fuzz - HiQ Sample by Musette Japan
- (2017-02-21) Fulltone 70-BC Fuzz - Are You Sample by Musette Japan
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Where was the resistance?
This was the biggest one for me and probably for everyone that really watched the game. Kevin Willard's Pirates were not going to be denied a path to the basket it seemed. The Hawkeyes showed little perimeter defense and got beat on the dribble drive way too often. You could chalk it up to not playing a very efficient style of team defense or you could chalk it up to the fact that Seton Hall has some really good guards that can get to the rim.
I believe it was a little of both.
While watching last night I said to myself that not having a rim protector like an Adam Woodbury this year, is going to hurt the Hawkeyes. Sure, they have a bunch of athletes, but you still need the guy in the middle of the floor willing to protect that basket at all costs. We did not see that from the Hawkeyes.
The Pirates totaled 50 of their 91 points in the paint to Iowa's 24. That should tell you a lot about the game. It started to really standout in the middle part of the first half and I believe Willard told his guys to keep attacking in the second half, which is exactly what they did. Hall shot 66% from the floor in the second half.
This will be one area Iowa needs to improve upon before next Friday when they take on Tony Bennett's Virginia squad.
Two man show
If you watched, you noticed it too. Heck, even if you just looked at a box score you noticed it. Iowa's Peter Jok and Tyler Cook were a two man wrecking crew on Thursday night inside Carver Hawkeye. The duo combined for 54 points with Jok pouring in 30 to Cook's 24. They were 20-36 from the field and Jok pulled in 11 rebounds to notch a double double.
I think we all kind of knew that this was going to be the case early on. Iowa is still attempting to break some of the younger guys in, but Cook is the exception. Dom Uhl, Christian Williams, and Nicholas Baer chipped in a combined 20 points, which is about what you'd expect from those guys.
Cook and Jok are going to win Iowa a heavy dose of games, in my opinion, but they've got to find a third scoring option. You could say that it's hard for another guy to chip in significantly because after Cook's 15 and Jok's 21, the next highest shot total is Williams' 6.
Fast forward this into the middle of January and I think Iowa wins this kind of game. Once they get the defense figured out, they are going to be a tough out. Especially if Jok and Cook are going to put on the show they did last night, every night.
Missed Free Throws
Free throws can cost teams games. I wouldn't say this was the case last night because both teams weren't very good at the line so it kind of evened out, but the Hawkeyes definitely missed some chances. As a team they shot 59% from the stripe and Cook's line is the one that really jumps at you. He was 5-12 at the line last night. He did a very good job getting there, but was just unable to finish the job.
He actually showed a rare ability to draw fouls on the Hall defenders. A few of the fouls he earned looked suspect to me because it looked like he kind of just went up and lost the ball, but a foul was awarded anyways. If Cook shows this ability to get to the line every night and then starts to finish the deal, he's going to be nearly impossible to stop.
Peter Jok was money as usual going 6-6 from the line, all of that came in the second half. And Ahmad Wagner was 1-4 for the Hawkeyes. Ideally you'd like to see that number get into the high 60's in terms of percentages, but this wasn't going to be a finished product the first time out. The Hawkeyes learned a lot last night in a game against a good team.
Point Guard Play
I thought for the most part, they did what I expected. Christian Williams got the start as he normally does and played well. I thought he got out of control a few times, but other than that there was nothing wildly out of the ordinary. He turned it over three times, but that is too be expected when you're playing as fast as Iowa was last night. It looked like last years team on steroids in terms of running the floor, to be honest. He buried two three pointers, which I was pleasantly surprised to see because that's not really his game.
I thought Jordan Bohannon played well also. He looked like he was just a step behind most of the time. He made some passes that he'll learn he can't make unless he makes them a half a second sooner. That was his first real taste of how fast the college game is going to be and he did exactly what I thought he would do. He got to the line four times, dished out four assists, and then turned the ball over three times. He's a true freshman, demanding excellence from him right off the bat would not be fair.
As a duo, I thought they did fine. Not great, but they played well enough to keep Iowa in the game throughout. This is a young duo, so these are valuable minutes they are playing right now. Give them a while and they'll be impressive.
After attending the game against Savannah State last Sunday, this had me a little worried coming into the game with Seton Hall. Iowa got out-rebounded in the first half of that game against the Tigers, but rebounded (get it?) in the second half to finish +12 on the glass (sorry, that was bad). The Pirates possess a lot of long athletes and they attack the boards a lot. I was especially worried about Angel Delgado, who, coming in was averaging 15 rebounds per game. He had 11 last night.
However, the Hawkeyes were pleasantly surprising on the glass and I think it took a team effort. Peter Jok led the way with 11, but Uhl had 10, and Baer had 6, while Williams and Pemsl each had 5. The ended up +8 on the glass for the night, which was nice to see after a shaky first half against Savannah State. Being as small as they are, everyone needs to attack the glass on defense. It'll be a team effort all year long.null


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Lowering sterol decreases the speculate of emergent intuition and humor tube bug. Recipes to subjugate cholesterol should include fixed amounts of lasting matter components.
Recipes to humiliate cholesterol should have small amounts of wet through fat and trans fat. Saturated fat is the bad good-natured of fat, which raises the cholesterol levels in your bodily fluid. Trans fat, meanwhile, is other considerate of fat that is create when vegetational oil is manufactured and processed. Trans fat is also bad for the physical structure. Unsaturated fat, different sensitive of fat, is the useful gentle.
An casual way to diminish the magnitude of saturated fat in your diet is to fade the amount of all the fats you eat. Decreasing the full amount of fat in your recipes to lower cholesterol efficaciously decreases the amount of both sopping and unsaturated fat in your natural object. Fat should represent at record 30% of the calories you eat. The less the magnitude of drenched fat you put in your recipes to degrade cholesterol, the better your levels will be.Post ads:
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Substituting unsaturated fats for sopping fats in your recipes to subjugate sterol is likewise an impressive way to hinder heart virus.
Saturated fats are essentially found in animal products, specified as butter, ice cream, cheese, and sensual meat, among others. Some vegetal fats, such as food oil and thenar oil, also cover wet fats. Vegetable fats are naturally utilized in trade products, such as cookies, cake mixes, chips and candy exerciser. Fish and gallinaceous bird too have concentrated fats, though of low-grade amounts.
There are two kinds of unsaturated fats: unsaturated and monounsaturated. Polyunsaturated fats can be saved in cookery oils, such as as herb and sunflower oils. Fish too contains unsaturated fats, explicitly the to your advantage omega-3 superfatted acids. Meanwhile, monounsaturated fats can be found in change of state oils, specified as olive oil and canola oil.Post ads:
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By substituting unsaturated fats for wringing fats in your recipes to lower cholesterol, you can lessen the steroid alcohol in your blood by as such as 20%.


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1 DULCIE RANGE NATIONAL PARK DRAFT PLAN OF MANAGEMENT May 2001 PARKS AND WILDLIFE COMMISSION OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY
2 Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory P.O. Box 1046 Alice Springs NT 0871 Dulcie Range National Park Draft Plan of Management May 2001 ISBN No X
3 Foreword This Draft Plan sets guidelines for the future planning and management of the Dulcie Range National Park and aims to conserve the Park s natural and cultural resources. During the life of this Plan visitation to the Park will not be encouraged or promoted Major management objectives for the Park are: Appropriate management of the Park s natural and cultural resources. Development and formalization of public access roads to the Park through neighboring pastoral leases. Rehabilitation and prevention of soil erosion. Fencing sections of the southern boundary to prevent cattle from further degrading areas of the Park and damaging Aboriginal archaeological sites. Investigate future extensions to the existing Park area. Acknowledgments The Parks and Wildlife Commission s Strategic Planning & Development Unit, Southern Regional Office, Alice Springs have prepared this Draft Plan of Management. Special acknowledgments for assistance in preparation of the Plan are due to the Dulcie Range National Park Planning Team: i
4 CONTENTS FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CONTENTS Page i i ii 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE PLAN Background The Purpose of this Plan PARK VALUES Natural Values Historical Values Aboriginal Cultural Values Recreation and Tourism Values ZONING SCHEME Outline of Zoning Scheme Natural Zone Special Protection Zone MANAGEMENT OF THE PARKS RESOURCES Objectives Biogeographical Context Geology and Land Systems Soils Native Flora Native Fauna Introduced Plants and Animals Fire Management Scenic Resources and Landforms Historic Resources MANAGEMENT OF ABORIGINAL SITES & INTERESTS Objectives Sacred and Significant Sites Aboriginal Archaeology Traditional Aboriginal Use of Resources Aboriginal Living Areas INVOLVEMENT OF OTHER PARTIES Involvement of the Surrounding Community PARK ADMINISTRATION AND RESEARCH Objectives Park Administration Liaison with Neighbours Research and Monitoring Junior Ranger Program Commercial Operations Safety Provisions Legislative Requirements Performance Audit 23 ii
5 8.0 FUTURE EXTENSIONS TO PARK AREA MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS SELECTED INFORMATION SOURCES 27 FIGURES Figure 1. Locality of the Park 2 Figure 2. Proposed Dulcie Range National Park 3 Figure 3. Zoning Scheme 6 iii
6 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE PLAN 1.1 Background The Dulcie Range National Park (NT Portion 2455) is located in the Dulcie Range approximately 220 kilometres north east of Alice Springs. The Park, with an area of square kilometres, takes in the southwestern section of the Dulcie Range, the total area of which is approximately 2,000 square kilometres. The Range is predominantly a sandstone plateau and elevated rugged hill country, which rises between 50 to 150 metres above the surrounding plain. The Park, although not strictly representative of, is contained wholly within the Burt Bioregion and significantly, as at December 2000 is the only major protected area within this Bioregion. Access to the area from Alice Springs is north via the Stuart Highway then east along the Plenty Highway. The Park is then accessed via private station tracks from both the Explorer Territory 4WD Route and from the Plenty Highway at the Huckitta Station Homestead turnoff (see Figure 1). Title to the Park (NT Portion 2455) was issued to the Conservation Land Corporation on March The Park area was excised from what is now Huckitta Station and adjoins Huckitta, Arapunya, Jinka and Old MacDonald Downs pastoral leases (see Figure 2). The area was declared a Park under section 12(1) and in accordance with section 14(1) of the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act (NT Government Gazette No. G10, 13 March 1991). The then, Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory was approved by the Administrator on 1 March 1991 to operate the Park and perform its functions within the Park while a Plan of Management was under preparation (section 17(5) of the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act). The Southern section of the Park is currently partly covered by mining exploration licence EL 8127, held by Roebuck Resources. This application was granted on 29 January 1996 for a period of 6 years, expiry date 29 January Two separate reservations from mining occupation have been applied for by the PWCNT covering the Old Huckitta Homestead and Mt Ultim areas. The Parks and Wildlife Commission recognises the long affiliation of Aboriginal people with the Dulcie Range area. The Aboriginal custodians have expressed a strong interest in the area and the Commission has sought, and will continue to seek, effective participation of the Aboriginal custodians in Park management. The Central Land Council has submitted a Land Claim (LC 209) under the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 over the area on behalf of Aboriginals claiming to have a traditional land claim to the area. This claim was lodged on 4 June 1997 and to this stage (December 2000) the claim has not been resolved. 1.2 The purpose of this Plan The purpose of this Plan is to provide direction for future management of the Dulcie Range National Park consistent with relevant legislation, policies and the wishes of the Aboriginal custodians. The Plan states the intent of the Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory (PWCNT) with respect to the management and conservation of the Dulcie Range National Park. It also provides management objectives and proposes appropriate measures to guide future management of the Park. It has been prepared by the PWCNT in consultation with Aboriginal custodians, surrounding landholders, industry groups and interested parties. 1
7 This Plan has been prepared in pursuance of sections 18 and 19 of the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act and will fulfil the function of a Plan of Management. The PWCNT is obliged under section 21 of the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act to manage the Park in accordance with this Plan once it has come into operation. The Plan will be in force for a minimum of five years and a maximum of ten years, unless revoked by a new plan, or amended in accordance with section 20 of the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act. Figure 1. Locality of the Park 2
8 Figure 2. Dulcie Range National Park 3
9 2.0 PARK VALUES 2.1 Natural Values The natural values of the Park are primarily related to the section of the Dulcie Range within the Park boundary and the native flora, fauna and geology associated with this part of the Range. 2.2 Historical Values Charles Winnecke, in 1878, was the first recorded European to visit the Dulcie Range area. Later visitors to the area included the South Australian Government Geologist H.Y.L. Brown in 1896 and the Barclay-MacPherson Expedition in In 1916, T.E. Day, Chief Surveyor of the Northern Territory, surveyed and named the Dulcie Range after his second eldest daughter Edith Dulcie Coates (nee Day). Most early explorers left only sparse accounts of the area. The Park s historical values are related to the evidence of early pastoral activity in the area and the ruins of Old Huckitta Station homestead that was established c Principal structural remains comprise the remains of a homestead, wagon shed, blacksmith s shop, horse yard and stockyard (see sections 6.9 and 6.10). 2.3 Aboriginal Cultural Values The Dulcie Range is principally within the traditional estate of the Atnewale clan of the Akarre Arrernte people (Gunn 1989a, Blackwood 1987a). The Range would have traditionally been of considerable importance to Aboriginal people offering many reliable waterholes and springs, abundant shelter as well as considerable animal and plant resources. Historical records attest to a sizeable Aboriginal population in the area ( Low 1985, Low 1986). The Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory (CCNT) undertook a broad resource survey of the Dulcie Range in One of the objectives of that survey was to record Aboriginal sites (Gibson et. al. 1989). The survey recorded 100 rock art sites, 49 archaeological sites and 5 Aboriginal Dreaming sites. A major art and engravings site within the Park (Ataperraperre) is centred around Mount Ultim and has been registered as a Sacred Site (P97-037). A Sacred Site has also been registered close to the Old Huckitta Homestead ruins (Atnwarle P91-116). 2.4 Recreation and Tourism Values The wider Dulcie Range has potential as a remote recreation and tourism area north east of Alice Springs. The Range s principal attractions are sheltered gorges with permanent rockholes and areas of scenic rock outcrops with numerous Aboriginal art sites. Currently the existing Park has limitations as a destination for visitors as the majority of Range s attractions such as gorges and scenic waterholes are outside the Park boundary. To reach the Park visitors have to travel considerable distances on private, unmarked rough tracks to reach areas without facilities and having limited scenic qualities. If in the future the Park is to be promoted as a tourist destination additional scenic areas bordering the Park should be considered for inclusion. Considerable potential exists to establish activities such as 4 wheel driving, basic bush camping, bushwalking, backpacking and Aboriginal cultural appreciation within the Dulcie Range. 4
10 3. ZONING SCHEME A Zoning Scheme is an important tool in pursuing the intent of a Plan of Management. The scheme provides the basis for appropriate management of the Park s resources. During the life of this Plan visitation to the Park will not be encouraged or promoted. Visitation to the Park may be restricted if it is seen to be having a deleterious effect on the values of the Park. Any future developments within the Park will be carried out with a minimum of interference to the natural environment and according to the requirements of the Northern Territory Aboriginal Sacred Sites Act, the Heritage Conservation Act, the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, and other relevant legislation. 3.1 Outline of the Zoning Scheme The following two zones have been identified to assist in future management of the Park. Natural Zone Special Protection Zone The purpose of each zone is outlined below having been determined on the basis of the values occurring in the specified areas. 3.2 Natural Zone The primary aim of management in this zone is to provide protection to the Park s natural and cultural resources including flora, fauna, Aboriginal art and archaeological sites. Only research and educational activities that do not require the development of facilities will be allowed in this zone. Stock control fencing (on boundary where possible) will be permitted. Management vehicles will be permitted in this zone and where possible will use existing tracks. 3.3 Special Protection Zone This zone emphasises the importance of the Sacred Sites Ataperraperre and Atnwarle and also the remains of the Old Huckitta homestead. Regular monitoring of these areas will continue and restrictions or solutions will be implemented should impacts be shown to be having a detrimental effect on the values of these sites. Stock control fencing to protect sites will be allowed within this zone. Management of Sacred Sites will be in accordance with the Northern Territory Sacred Sites Act. The condition of Old Huckitta Homestead and infrastructure will be assessed on a regular basis. Any protective or restorative works done to the Homestead should be consistent with the guidelines of the ICOMOS Australia Burra Charter. Currently there are two special protection zones in the Park (see Figure 3) however other areas could be included in this zone. Other areas needing protection may be included if deemed necessary eg if nominated by the Aboriginal custodians as culturally sensitive or areas are found containing rare flora or fauna within the Park. 5
11 Figure 3. Zoning Scheme 6
12 4.0 MANAGEMENT OF THE PARK S RESOURCES 4.1 Objectives To protect and maintain the biodiversity of the Park s natural resources including native plants and animals, habitats and ecological processes, soil and water resources. To collect, record and manage information about the cultural resources of the Park. To minimise impacts on the Park s resources by introduced plants and animals, visitors and existing and proposed developments. To prevent soil erosion within the Park and to undertake rehabilitation work. To maintain the majority of the Park in as natural and undisturbed state as possible. To implement appropriate fire management for the Park. 4.2 Biogeographical Context An Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia was produced in 1995 (edited by Thackaway and Creswell) in cooperation with the States and Territories providing a foundation for assessment of conservation values, reservation status of those values, and subsequent land use and management planning throughout Australia. This Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia has established the Dulcie Range National Park within the Burt Plain Bioregion. The Burt Plain Bioregion is described as; undulating plains of the Burt Plain are broken by a number of rugged rocky outcrops and crossed by broad sandy watercourses. Extensive mulga shrublands occur on the plains with patches of mallee eucalypt open woodland and spinifex grassland. The watercourses are lined with river red gums. Almost the whole of the Burt Bioregion is used for pastoral purposes principally utilising the richer alluvial soils of the mulga shrublands. The Burt Plain Bioregion is a complex of uplands and extensive plains with several separate internal drainage units. The uplands, which include the Dulcie Range, consist of numerous outcrops and ranges of low relief. The Dulcie Range in the northeast of the region is part of the Arunta Inlier. It consists primarily of Dulcie Sandstone (350million years old) and is of low relief (50-200m above the plain). Extensive jointing has led to the formation of gorges and waterholes. The basic topographic units are rocky hills, foothills and watercourses. The total area protected within the Burt Plain Bioregion is km 2, or 0.3% of the total Bioregion area. The Dulcie Range National Park contributes the majority of this area with three other small reserves contributing a total area of less than 1 km 2 (98.79ha). 4.3 Geology and Land Systems The geology of the region has been described and mapped in detail by numerous authors eg. Freeman, In general, the Dulcie Range occurs within the Georgina Basin, a large sedimentary basin found in the Northern Territory and Queensland. The Park lies toward the southeastern edge of this basin. The main rock type is Dulcie Sandstone, which is separated from the Tomahawk beds by a disconformity. Dulcie Sandstone consists primarily of quartz arenite while the Tomahawk beds consist of a sequence of sandstone, siltstone, dolostone and 7
13 limestone. The younger Dulcie Sandstone belong to the Devonian Period while the older Tomahawk beds range in age from the late Cambrian to early Ordovician. The land systems of the Park described by Perry (1962) as; The northern section of the Park is within the Krichauff land system which is characterised by an extensive plateau with relief up to 150 metres often showing a series of parallel joints, steep sided cliffs, scree slopes and deep sheltered gorges. Rocky watercourses are commonly found. The southern section is within the Tomahawk land system which is characterised by dissected plateaux with regionally sloping summits, with relief up to 50 metres and having some very stony and coarse soils. Other land systems that protrude into the park area are Alcoota, Huckitta and Ambalindum. Aesthetic values of the Park and adjoining areas must be protected against adverse impact of mineral exploration or extraction activities. Operations for the exploration and recovery of minerals may be permitted in accordance with the requirements of relevant legislation. These include the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, the Mining Act, the Petroleum Act, the Environmental Assessment Act, and in accordance with the administrative arrangements set in place by the Parks and Wildlife Commission and the Department of Mines and Energy The Parks and Wildlife Commission will seek to provide environmental advice for mining operations undertaken in areas adjoining the Park. This is to ensure that activities that may adversely affect the Park and its resources are avoided or minimised 4.4 Soils The Park s soil types vary from relatively stable stony soils to highly erodable red earths. The dominant soils and land units of the Park can be summarised as follows: Bold and dissected plateaux Stony to sandy or coarse soils, sparse shrub and low trees over spinifex or sparse grass. Mountain Range with rounded foothills and spurs Low relief, shallow stony or absent soils, spinifex or sparse grass. Granite or sandy plains Red clayey sands to sandy red earths open to sparse low trees over short grass. The Commission has a responsibility to demonstrate good practice with regard to soil conservation. Due care will be exercised in the planning and design of all facilities and access routes as many old tracks in the area have eroded badly due to poor siting and constant movement of cattle Appropriate measures will be undertaken (subject to the availability of funds) to prevent or limit accelerated soil erosion on the Park as far as practicable. Such measures may include fencing to prevent further plant degradation by stock, maintenance of vegetation cover, particularly grasses and other ground cover species and wise fire management All designated 4WD tracks and other areas will be monitored for unacceptable impacts such as excessive soil erosion or damage or loss of vegetation that assists soil stability. 8
14 4.4.3 Due care will be taken to ensure minimum disturbance to natural run off characteristics during planning, design, siting and construction of tracks, roads and facilities Advice will be sought from the Land Resource Assessment Unit, Department of Lands, Planning and Environment regarding siting and design of all facilities, tracks and roads. 4.5 Native Flora Wildfires and grazing by cattle have degraded the native vegetation in the Dulcie Range area. Plant communities that have capitalised following fires dominate much of the area. Most of these communities do not contain a distribution of age classes. From the perspective of conservation values, grazing pressures have degraded all grasslands, most waterholes and the vegetation surrounding these waterholes. Surveys conducted in 1983 and 1989 by the CCNT recorded a total of 65 plant families containing 335 plant species for the Park and surrounding Dulcie Range. Of the 355 species recorded throughout the Dulcie Range, 21 are rare or relict species and three species are of national significance with listings as rare plants. They are Samolus eremaeus, Stylidium inaequipetalum and Chremnothamnus thomsonii), all of which occur in rocky gorges. Species especially significant on a regional level as relict plants are Imperata cylindrica, Psilotum nudim and Schoenus falcatus. Although well represented outside central Australia, the populations of these species are small, vulnerable and not extensive in central Australia. Management must aim at maintaining (and restoring) biodiversity of the Park, particularly as this is the only major protected area within the Burt Bioregion. Further research and survey of the Park s flora is desirable to ascertain a more accurate indication of abundance of rare or relict species and further occurrence of tropical and more southern arid species. The identification of fire sensitive plant communities and significant individual plants is essential to management of those communities. Management attention needs to be directed to protection of vegetation within areas of sensitive soils. The relative inaccessibility of much of the Park by vehicle and difficulties of establishing and maintaining fence lines over much of the range country must be taken into account in planning the management of flora resources. Unchecked fire and introduced animal activity represent the major threats to the biodiversity of the Park and as such need to be addressed in management of the Park PWCNT will undertake the most appropriate measures to ensure the maintenance of the Park s biodiversity The Parks and Wildlife Commission will undertake further vegetation surveys as required. These surveys will be focussed on gaining a greater appreciation of the natural flora values of the Park Undertake survey work to assist in further identifying fire sensitive communities within the Park. The Park s Annual Fire Action Plan aims to protect fire sensitive plant communities, reduce fuel loads and maintain vegetation diversity within the Park. (See Section 6.8 Fire Management). 9
15 4.5.4 Ongoing assessment will be undertaken by management staff to determine impacts of fire, introduced animals and other significant threats to biodiversity. (See Section 7.4 Research and Monitoring). The Fire and Feral Animal Strategies will be further developed and used to assist in establishing assessment programs and strategies for dealing with these issues. 4.6 Native Fauna Mammals A total of 17 native mammal species and 5 introduced species have been recorded from the Dulcie Range area. Evidence has also been found for the past existence of two species now thought to be extinct in the area. These were the Ghost Bat Macroderma gigas and the Pale Field Rat Rattus tunneyi. It is likely that all medium-sized mammals such as possums and bandicoots have also disappeared. The following species were recorded in the 1989 survey and their known distribution extended, Planigale ingrami Chalinolobus morio Hipposideros ater Long-tailed Planigale, distribution extended 430km southwards. Chocolate Wattled bat, distribution extended northeast 150km. Dusky Horseshoe-bat, distribution extended 900km southwards. Birds With a total of 105 bird species recorded, the Dulcie Range compares favourably with Watarrka National Park and the proposed Davenport Range National Park in the number of bird species found. The high numbers found in the Dulcie Range were the result of a greater number of waterbirds, waders and shore foragers. Bird life in the Dulcie Range appears to have a close affinity with that of the Davenport Range. Several seldom seen species for the Dulcie Range are, Eremiornis carteri Amytornis purnelli Falco peregrinus Dromaius novaehollandiae Spinifexbird, Dusky Grasswren Peregrine Falcon and Emu Reptiles 32 reptile species have been recorded for the Dulcie Range area including 8 geckoes, 11 skink lizards, 5 dragon lizards and 4 goannas. Frogs 2 frog species have been recorded in the Dulcie Range, they are the Desert Tree Frog Litoria rubella and Limnodynastes spenceri. Fish Cattle have degraded most of the large waterholes in the Dulcie Range and this has probably led to the disappearance of some species of fish. 3 species of fish have been recorded from the Dulcie Range. The Spotted Grunter Leiopotherapon unicolor, was the most common being found in nearly all watercourses and waterholes. This species appears to tolerate waterholes that have become polluted by cattle activity. The Rainbow Fish, Melanotaenia splendida, is common in some waterholes. 10
16 Crustaceans Holthuisana transversa, a small amphibious freshwater crab is found in or near waterholes throughout the Dulcie Range. Threats to fauna populations and habitats in the Park are likely to result from uncontrolled fire, feral animal and weed infestation, and the activities of visitors. Further research and survey of the Park s fauna may be undertaken to ascertain a more accurate indication of abundance of fauna species, particularly those at the limit of their range. Surveys are required across a full range of seasonal conditions to gain a true indication of the flora and fauna of the Park. Management of native fauna may be improved by increasing research and monitoring to identify specific habitat requirements. The Park s semi-permanent and permanent waterholes may require management to maintain their natural and cultural values. These springs and waterholes require particular attention in further surveys to assess the significance of the Parks aquatic fauna. Threats to native fauna need to be carefully identified and quantified to determine appropriate remedial action Further surveys will be conducted as required by PWCNT to refine knowledge of the Park s fauna and to monitor the effectiveness of management practices The distribution and abundance of introduced animals and plants will be monitored by management staff. Perceived impacts on native fauna and their habitats will be addressed through the development of an introduced animal management strategy, a weeds management strategy and a fire management strategy. 4.7 Introduced Plants and Animals Five introduced plant species have been recorded for the Dulcie Range area, Conyza bonariensis (Tall Fleabane), Sonchus oleraceus (Milk Thistle), Citrullus colocynthis (Bitter Paddy Melon), Parkinsonia aculeata (Parkinsonia) and Citrullus lanatus (Camel melon). Acacia farnesiana (Prickly Mimosa) also grows in the Park. This species is found in subtropical and tropical America, Africa and Asia, widely introduced in the tropics often becoming naturalised. It is not certain whether this plant species is indigenous to Australia, or has been introduced (Whibley 1992). Acacia farnesiana has the ability to spread especially to disturbed areas and can become a management problem. Introduced animals include horses, cattle, mice, rabbits, and cats. A skull and very old faecal pellets from a feral goat were found in the Mt Ultim area however goats are no longer considered to be in the Dulcie Range. Cattle and horses have degraded all grasslands, most waterholes and the vegetation surrounding these waterholes within the Dulcie Range. In accordance with the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act By Law 22 animals will only be permitted within the Park with the written approval of the Commission or if they are seeing and hearing guide dogs. If introduced animals are left unchecked they will continue to have an adverse impact on the conservation integrity of plant and animal populations. Horses, cattle and donkeys can contribute to soil erosion, spread of introduced plants and damage native vegetation. 11
17 One of the major contributions to the spread of introduced plants is by introduced animals. Control of introduced animals and plants must be undertaken in a coordinated manner. Feral cats occupy a wide habitat range and are known to have significant impacts on some native species, particularly those with small disjunct populations. Their secretive, nocturnal nature makes them difficult to survey and obtain accurate population estimates. There is currently no known effective control of these animals. Fencing of the Park along the northern boundary will be extremely difficult given the rugged nature of the terrain. Fencing is essential to stock proof any Park which is adjacent to pastoral land and, once constructed, the integrity of this fencing must be maintained. Achievement of secure fencing to the Park will necessitate negotiation and joint management agreements being made between PWCNT and neighbouring landholders. Some fencelines may have to be mutually agreed along alignments that are practical to fence and not necessarily along cadastral boundaries. Fencing of the entire Park boundary is not likely to be necessary as check fencing of main stock access points should achieve adequate stock control. A recommendation from the rock art survey surrounding the Mt Ultim area, (Taperraperre) (Gunn 1997) was that a stock proof fence be erected to prevent stock from entering Aknanthele Gorge and damaging the archaeological sites around its mouth. Approximately 6 to 8 kilometres of stock fence would protect this site and the sites at Irrkare to the north A feral animal strategy will be developed for the Park that will integrate introduced plant and animal management Control of cattle and horses is a priority for management of the Park and will be undertaken as part of the introduced animal management strategy. Control of these particular animals requires exclusion fencing, mustering and may require shooting from helicopters to mop up individual animals The PWCNT will undertake negotiations regarding fencing sections of the southern boundary of the Park with Huckitta Station. The appropriate clearances for alignments will be sought under relevant legislation Future vegetation surveys conducted by PWCNT will also include introduced plants in and around the Park area. These surveys will assist in monitoring changes and with identifying introduced plant threats A weed control strategy will be developed for the Park in association with suitably qualified and experienced staff from PWCNT and DPI&F The PWCNT will investigate joint funding with relevant groups for protective fencing of Aboriginal rock art and archaeological sites in the Mt Ultim area as recommended by Gunn Fire Management Aboriginal people have traditionally used fire as a tool during hunting and gathering. These fires have shaped vegetation and faunal patterns across central Australia. The advent of pastoralism brought new approaches regarding fire use resulting in fewer but larger fires initiated during the warmer seasons. The Park area has the potential for severe, widespread wildfire due to the predominance of spinifex dominated communities and management access is difficult in the rugged hill terrain, placing a large reliance on aircraft access. Traditional Aboriginal burning practices in the 12
18 region have been restricted since the coming of pastoralism and the move away from the traditional hunter, gatherer lifestyle of Aboriginal people. The use of fire as a management tool, if properly used within the Park, can enhance habitat and species diversity, limit the extent of wildfires, and protect important plant communities, infrastructure and lives. Many plant and most animal species are susceptible to the effects of fire and are unlikely to be found in areas that are frequently burnt. This can lead to landscape and habitat uniformity and has the effect of lowering biodiversity. A Fire Management Strategy has been prepared for the Park which provides broad aims for fire management within the Park and its vicinity for the next three to five years An annual Fire Action Plan will be further developed for the Park. This Plan should consider: seasonal conditions fuel loads personnel and resource requirements and availability fire history liaison and participation of others fire activities, timing and locations for prescribed burns the need to contain fires within the Park area Surveys will be undertaken which may determine the occurrence of fire sensitive vegetation communities and important fauna refuge areas. These areas will be incorporated in the Fire Management Strategy and Annual Fire Action Plans for protection from wildfire and the effects of prescribed burns. A major objective of fire management will be to increase biodiversity within the Park s widespread spinifex communities through gradual development of a mosaic fire history pattern Fire restrictions may be applied in times of high to extreme fire risk or in accordance with the Bushfires Act. 4.9 Scenic Resources and Landforms The Dulcie Range s principal attractions are sheltered gorges, many of which contain permanent rockholes and springs and areas of scenic rock outcrops. These features are limited in extent and occur in a landscape which otherwise is of only moderate scenic value. However, the area s sense of remoteness is an important intangible attraction. The Range s rich Aboriginal resources are of considerable tourism value, and would most likely be of interest to interstate and overseas visitors. The Old Huckitta Homestead is a European heritage site of moderate interest to visitors. The Park could support low to moderate levels of use, for predominantly nature based activities. Appropriate activities include sightseeing, bush camping, exploring, bushwalking, extended backpacking and Aboriginal cultural appreciation. Part of the 1989 resource survey conducted by the CCNT of the Dulcie Range included potential recreational sites for tourism. An expanded study to come from this survey was the report A Recreation Resource Evaluation of the Dulcie Range, Northern Territory (Ginns, 1989). Both reports highlight the fact that most of the scenically attractive and prime tourism sites lie outside the Park boundary. Two sites identified within the Park are the Mount Ultim and the Old Huckitta Homestead areas. These two sites were identified as having tourism potential, however these areas are covered by, or have registered sacred sites nearby. Before 13
19 any visitor activity or development could take place in these areas approvals have to be obtained from the Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority (AAPA) and the Aboriginal custodians. Mt. Ultim area (Ataperrapperre) The trig point at Mt Ultim marks the northwestern corner of the Park. Therefore some of the scenic attractions and Aboriginal art sites that surround Mt Ultim are outside the boundary of the Park. The Mt Ultim area is an elevated area of striated sandstone outcrop covering discontinuously, more than 12 km 2. It appears as a series of wide broken rocky benches at differing levels from which rise steep-sided rocky plateaus and dissected mazes of rounded domes or ridges. The benches and upstanding remnants have a layered beehive appearance caused by alternate bands of soft white/yellow/brown sandstone and harder dark brown material. Several associated features of interest are present including striated rock faces and steep rock slopes, cliffs, large overhangs and caves, rock pillars and arches. The area is sparsely vegetated, attractive stunted Ghost Gums dot the outcrop. The area contains by far the richest and most varied assemblage of Aboriginal art sites in the Range, including 14 shelters containing 1300 hand and artefact stencils and over 830 peckings (Gunn,1997). Mt Ultim itself provides a vantage point for views across the surrounding country. Access to the area is by a 4WD track that turns off from Elkira Bore (NW Huckitta Station) then northwards for 6.5 km to the entrance of a gorge containing Elkira Spring. A clamber through this gorge leads to scenically spectacular country to the east of Mount Ultim with many unusual sandstone outcrops, many containing galleries of Aboriginal art and views of the surrounding range. Old Huckitta Homestead area A 4WD track accesses the Old Huckitta Homestead (see section 6.10) and continues onwards for 4 km to a gorge with a chain of small waterholes. This site would be suitable for the development of a future camping area to access the Old Huckitta area of the Park. Some fencing is required to prevent stock from further degrading the waterholes and surrounding vegetation Historic Resources The Park contains evidence of early pastoral activity with the ruins of Old Huckitta Station Homestead and outbuildings established in about Principal structural remains comprise a homestead, wagon shed, blacksmith s shop, horse yard and stockyard. T & C Rome first acquired the Adnoyala Spring country of the Dulcie Range for speculative purposes about R. Lyons made a later application in 1881 however no attempt to develop or stock the lease was made by either party and the country was forfeited by the middle of the 1880 s. The area was then taken up under a grazing licence by James and Hartley around 1910 and held to around It is likely that no more than a camp was established on the block during this time. Between 1917 and 1920 the Adnoyala block was taken up and stocked by C.L.J. (Charles) Dubois, owner of neighbouring Huckitta station who is thought to have taken up the Huckitta lease from about Dubois established the present Adnoyala block homestead (now the Old Huckitta homestead) around Records show that he was running 2600 cattle and 220 horses in Dubois appointed W.(Bill) Madrill as manager in 1923 or 1924 who continued as manager for 20 to 25 years. 14
20 Charles Dubois won the 1922 Melbourne Cup with his horse King Ingoda which was foaled on Huckitta Station and carried the EL Huckitta stock brand. Jim Laughton, who held a grazing lease over the present Indiana Pastoral Lease was buried at the foot of the range near the Old Huckitta homestead during the 1920s or 1930s. The date of his death has not been verified. The station was purchased from Dubois by Sidney and Walter Kidman in Members of the Pastoral Lease Committee who inspected the lease in 1933 were critical of Kidman s lack of expenditure and Madrill s don t care kind of management. The Old Huckitta homestead is thought to have been occupied until the mid 1940s. A new Huckitta homestead was established in a more convenient location at its present site on the Plenty River close to the Plenty Highway in the early 1950s The condition of Old Huckitta Homestead and infrastructure will be assessed on a regular basis. Management options may include allowing the ruins to naturally decay or conservation measures could be undertaken as necessary to stabilise the remains to prevent further deterioration. Any protective or restorative works done to the Park s historic resources should be consistent with the guidelines of the ICOMOS Australia Burra Charter The PWCNT will encourage further research to document the Park s historical use and historical cultural resources. 15
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