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need a delicious meal cooked and delivered to your door? give me 48 hours notice and I will make it happen
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If Facebook and LinkedIn had a lovechild... I would be the living version of it.Open to other proposals
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Our protagonist, whom the world was waiting for - a little chubby boy, but do not be distracted by it, he is very keen and has excellent reaction, thanks to all these qualities, he will observe justice wherever his fate only be buried! And to be precise, then you will destroy the unimaginable amount of attacking the enemy, who just will not stop and will attack again and again, your task - to destroy enemies and fearlessly to save the chicks from certain doom!
Games like this have become the norm, especially if you look at what is happening in it, but it implies that you will play easier, but if you want to become a real sensei of this game ... then you have pretty sweat, so there is plenty of room for self-realization.
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http://www.FTV.com/videos MILAN - FashionTV is at the Ermanno Scervino show! Designer Ermanno Scervino says, "There are some 70s style outfits. The collection passes through the 70s, but looks to the future. The 70s were focused on volumes, tight-fitting blouses, baggy pants, and very long coat." There are a lot of men's fabrics with lurex, Scervino adds. "I love lurex and it clearly defines the period." Models like Arizona Muse, Monika "Jac" Jagaciak, and Abbey Lee Kershaw define Scervino's vision in his luscious tweed coats with fur embellishments and his plaid trousers.
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FashionTV FTV "Fashion TV" Fashion-TV "FTV Models" "Ermanno Scervino" "Designer At Work" "70s Style" "Jac Jagaciak" Fall 2011 Models Show "fashion Designer" "Fashion Videos" Gray 70s Tweed Lurex Fashion TV FTV.com
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Horse Gallop Animation Cycle by vyxeWatch
©2013-2017 vyxe
What prorgam do you use to make this? I want to start doing this.
This is so smooth I love it btw!
this is amazing
Awesome job!
oh and I think this is amazing
how do you do that with Photoshop elements?
Thank you ^^ And actually, I did this in Adobe Flash. It is possible to animate in photoshop though, but you'd be better searching for a guide than asking me xD
so awesome! :3
Aaahhh this is awesome! You've gotten so much further with this //cries because haven't seen you online in forever
Amazing animation, you did a fantastic job !
This looks great!
if your open to critisism the only thing i see is when it jumps back to the start that the first couple of frames seem to be larger
if your open to critisism the only thing i see is when it jumps back to the start that the first couple of frames seem to be larger
thank you! yeah, i noticed that too, i think its mainly the head, but i was too lazy to change it at that point haha
no problem, I've attempted many times to do a galloping horse animation i always end up doing that it is really really hard and i think this is turning out great! very well done and i wanna see MOAR!!!!
Nice job! Great flow
That is so awesome!
WOW! You got that lined fast! Great job
AMAZING animation!!! It's so smooth and the horse looks great!!!


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Flash resize in wordpress page
Hi people, I have a problem inserting a flash properly in a wordpress page and I would appreciate your help. First of all Im so sorry about grammar mistakes, im not good into english…
this is the page : http://santiagodn.es/curriculum/
as you can see i have a flash in the page. I have a flexible-width theme and I want the flash to fit with any resolution (at least above 1024x…). What I want is this:
– The flash using the 100% width of the page
– The flash aligned at the top using the necesaty vertical space
(try resizing the firefox window to see the problem)
Ive tried several configurations, inserting the flash in a table…
using width=100% and height=100% doesnt work (show a little size)
using width 100% and static height (as now, 900 pixels) works well in some resolution (1280) but makes the flash contents center vertically (not filling all) at low resolution and centering horizontally at high resolution. Do you get the idea?
I dont know if its a simple issue or i have to use javascript (how?) to resize the flash object on the fly knowing its proportions…
I will aprecciate any idea, thanks!!!
- The topic 'Flash resize in wordpress page' is closed to new replies.


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Today's Devotional
Star GazingWhat impresses you most about God's creation?
Let's Make ItFacebook official!
Top Music Videos
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- Grandpa Tears Up When He Meets His Granddaughter
- Cop Helps Wife Pull Off Epic Pregnancy Announcement
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- Little Girl Is So Excited Her Daddy Came Home
- Incredible 8-Year-Old Guitarist Performs 'Blackbird'
- Cute Kittens Cannot Sit Still For A Photo
- Sweet Baby Siblings Can't Stop Giggling At Each Other


text: At Breeder Fuckers the men are scouting the streets for a straight man to grab. They come across a sexy, young estate agent. He enters the room and the men pounce on him, stripping him out of his suit and enjoying a whiff of his sweaty cock and balls. He's got a big round ass that just begs to be force fucked. The bald headed guy penetrates him and gives his ass a fucking while he's bent over and bound. The dildo on a pole makes an appearance and his ass gets destroyed some more, gagged with duct tape so the hetero guy can't "squeal like a pig".


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Over the Hills and into The Valles
Thursday, May 31, 2012
Happy Anniversary ...11 years and still going strong.
Happy Anniversary to my sweet husband Z. (
see here ...
) Today marks 11 years of marriage for us. It has gone by so fast. Some times were great others not so great , but I can't think of anyone else I would rather have by my side. He is my best friend. I love him so much. I am so glad that he is my eternal companion.
He rocks!!
Love you Honey!!
Thank you for taking care of me and our wonderful family!!
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Thursday, May 17, 2012
Tonight was my daughter's Pre-K program. She will be starting Kindergarten in August.
She loves school. I hope she always feels that way.
Summer...here we come.
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Thursday, May 17, 2012
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Thursday, May 3, 2012
Teacher Appreciation Week
Do you do teacher appreciation gifts?
My oldest is now in 7th grade so it's been a few years since I've actually made one. All of his teacher's have been great ...it just seems the older they get, the more teachers they get...then the close student, mom, teacher relationships from elementary school just aren't there.
So, this year my youngest started Pre-K. She loves it and loves her teacher's too.
They did a great job and she has learned a lot. She can even sign the entire alphabet.
I started her in Pre-k mostly for the social aspects. I wanted her to learn to get along with other kids
and be able to learn to listen to her teacher, follow instructions, get used to a schedule,
get used to being away from us for the day, etc.
She will start kindergarten in the fall. I feel much better about her starting school now.
She is super excited. So, to show my appreciation...I made them a little present for the classroom.
I also stopped by Tom Thumb and bought them each a Caramel covered Granny Smith apple.
I am very grateful to her teachers. Thank you Mrs. Kym and Mrs. Julie.
She loves school and learning because of your awesome influence.
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Dillie Bear


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The SLEEPERgenes: a transposase-derived angiosperm-specific gene family
- First Online:
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DAYSLEEPER encodes a domesticated transposase from the hAT-superfamily, which is essential for development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Little is known about the presence of DAYSLEEPER orthologs in other species, or how and when it was domesticated. We studied the presence of DAYSLEEPER orthologs in plants and propose a model for the domestication of the ancestral DAYSLEEPER gene in angiosperms.
Using specific BLAST searches in genomic and EST libraries, we found that DAYSLEEPER-like genes (hereafter called SLEEPER genes) are unique to angiosperms. Basal angiosperms as well as grasses (Poaceae) and dicotyledonous plants possess such putative orthologous genes, but SLEEPER-family genes were not found in gymnosperms, mosses and algae. Most species contain more than one SLEEPER gene. All SLEEPERs contain a C2H2 type BED-zinc finger domain and a hATC dimerization domain. We designated 3 motifs, partly overlapping the BED-zinc finger and dimerization domain, which are hallmark features in the SLEEPER family. Although SLEEPER genes are structurally conserved between species, constructs with SLEEPER genes from grapevine and rice did not complement the daysleeper phenotype in Arabidopsis, when expressed under control of the DAYSLEEPER promoter. However these constructs did cause a dominant phenotype when expressed in Arabidopsis. Rice plant lines with an insertion in the RICESLEEPER1 or 2 locus displayed phenotypic abnormalities, indicating that these genes are functional and important for normal development in rice. We suggest a model in which we hypothesize that an ancestral hAT transposase was retrocopied and stably integrated in the genome during early angiosperm evolution. Evidence is also presented for more recent retroposition events of SLEEPER genes, such as an event in the rice genome, which gave rise to the RICESLEEPER1 and 2 genes.
We propose the ancestral SLEEPER gene was formed after a process of retro-transposition during the evolution of the first angiosperms. It may have acquired an important function early on, as mutation of two SLEEPER genes in rice, like the daysleeper mutant in A. thaliana gave a developmental phenotype indicative of their importance for normal plant development.
The role of transposons in evolution has long been greatly underestimated. Viewed as genomic parasites, transposons were classified as part of the so-called "junk-DNA" and largely ignored, even though transposons and transposon-remnants make up significant fractions of eukaryotic genomes [1]. Forty four percent of the human genome and more than 85% of the maize genome consists of transposons and their relics [2, 3]. New views have led to the insight that transposons have shaped the genomic landscape in almost every conceivable way: shuffling, addition and deletion of not only new coding and regulatory sequences, but of large stretches of chromosomes as well [4, 5].
Although a more detailed classification system is now being used, two major classes of transposable elements (TE's) exist: retrotransposons, which transpose by using a RNA intermediate, and DNA transposons, which transpose by cutting their genomic sequence and inserting it elsewhere in the genome. These TE's are referred to as "copy-paste" elements and "cut-paste" elements, respectively [1]. Retrotransposons encode several proteins that are highly similar to those encoded by retroviruses. One of these proteins is a reverse-transcriptase that is able to reverse-transcribe the full-length transposon mRNA into DNA, after which the new copy is integrated in the genome [1]. DNA transposons encode proteins, called transposases, which are able to cut their own coding sequence from the genomic DNA, by recognizing flanking repeats, and inserting it elsewhere in the genome. High transposon activity would be deleterious for the host and therefore defense mechanisms have evolved to counteract transposase activity. Still, transposons are numerous in almost every eukaryotic genome and thus have successfully managed to sustain themselves [6].
Transposons have contributed greatly, not only to shaping the genomic landscape, but also to the coding material of endogenous genes, for instance by giving rise to chimeric proteins (reviewed in [5]). Many conserved protein domains have now been shown to originate from transposable elements (e.g. BED zinc finger domains) [7]. In the process called "domestication" a transposase loses its original function and acquires new functionality, creating a novel gene. Various genes in different species have been found to be domesticated transposases (reviewed in [8]). A recurrent theme in domestication seems to be the conversion of transposases encoded by DNA transposons into important host proteins such as chromatin-related proteins and transcription factors. Among these factors are CENP-B, a centromere protein in vertebrates and fungi, the FAR1-FHY3 family, involved in far-red light signaling in plants and BEAF-32, a boundary element associated factor in Drosophila melanogaster[5, 7, 9, 10]. These elements are derived from, pogo, MuDR and hAT super-families of "cut-paste" elements respectively. This evolutionary trend can be explained by the fact that the transposases of these elements all contain DNA binding domains and protein-protein interaction domains, since they work in conjunction with host factors to enable the transposition process [11]. It seems likely that host partners of these transposases include chromatin remodelers, DNA repair genes and/or endonucleases, since one can envisage players in these fields to be required for facilitation of the "cut-paste" process. Remarkably, very little is known about these potential factors and the steps of the transposition process.
DAYSLEEPER was first described in 2005 by Bundock and Hooykaas [12]. The DAYSLEEPER gene in Arabidopsis thaliana is an example of molecular domestication of a DNA transposon. DAYSLEEPER shares extensive homology with members of a large subfamily of transposable elements, the hAT transposons, which are widely spread throughout the tree of life and are found in all eukaryotic branches, except in Trichomonas, diatoms, and ciliates [6]. Unlike these elements, DAYSLEEPER is not able to transpose, since it lacks the hallmark repeats essential for this process. Also, a number of amino acids shown to be essential for the transposition of the Ac-element, the first described hAT transposon family member of maize, are not conserved in DAYSLEEPER [12]. DAYSLEEPER was found to be essential to Arabidopsis thaliana, as displayed by a severe developmental phenotype in daysleeper mutants. The gene most likely codes for a DNA-binding protein, since it was identified through binding to the promoter of the DNA repair gene Ku70 in a yeast one-hybrid assay [12]. DAYSLEEPER consists of 696 amino acids, possesses a DNA binding BED-type zinc finger domain and a hAT dimerization domain [12, 13].
Here we present data on the presence of putative DAYSLEEPER orthologs in angiosperms, including the basal angiosperms. We show that SLEEPER genes are present in many species, often in multiple copies. Furthermore, we postulate a theory on the domestication process of the ancestral SLEEPER gene.
DAYSLEEPER orthologs in the genome of oryza sativa and vitis vinifera
SLEEPER structure and conserved domains
Homology of the VINESLEEPERs and RICESLEEPERs to DAYSLEEPER
Compared to DAYSLEEPER(696 AA's)
Coding sequence length(AA's)
Identity positions (%)
Consensus positions (%)
SLEEPERs are only present in higher plants
Evidence ofSLEEPERgene expression in lower Angiosperms
Sleeperdomain 1.
Sleeperdomain 3.
Full length DAYSLEEPER
Persea americana
b4_ep_c61270, b4_c39392
b4_c14697, b4_c9266, b4_ep_c32228
b4_c2641, b4_c7656
Nuphar advena
b3_c17103, b3_c9604
b3_c707, b3_c1078
Liriodendron tulipifera
b3_c3339, b3_c108364
b3_c2953, b3_c39743
b3_c2953, b3_c21053
Amborella trichopoda
b4_c220959, b4_c97395
EST hits too short
SLEEPERs are frequently copied in several species
It is clear to see a clustering of SLEEPER genes from Poaceae, separated from those of dicotyledonous plants, which form two groups, grouping with either CYTOSLEEPER or DAYSLEEPER (Figure 4). LOTUSSLEEPER1 is exceptional in that it has diverged rather far from the other SLEEPERs in dicotyledonous plants. Since VINESLEEPER1 and 2 were described by Benjak et al. [14] and these proteins cluster in separate groups, we decided to use a similar naming scheme for all SLEEPERs. We found synteny between the genomic regions in which the VINESLEEPER2 and DAYSLEEPER genes reside, suggesting they are homologs (Additional file 2: Figure S1). Although high similarity exists between RICESLEEPERs, we chose to designate the RICESLEEPERs with individual numbers, namely 1 to 4. The coding sequence of RICESLEEPER1 and 2 are almost identical (97% sequence identity), as are RICESLEEPER3 and 4, OLIMSLEEPER2a and 2b and POPSLEEPER2b and 2c. These may therefore be relatively recent duplications, which had been shown previously for the genes in Olimarabidopsis pumila by Hall et al. [22]. In dicotyledonous plants, all recent duplications seem to have occurred in the DAYSLEEPER-branch of the phylogeny shown in Figure 4. When looking closer at the rice genome, there is no evidence for a segmental duplication of the genomic location of the RICESLEEPER1 and 2 genes, since there is no apparent sequence homology or synteny of the region surrounding these genes. The close relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana, namely Olimarabidopsis pumila, Arabidopsis arenosa and Capsella rubella, have homologs of the CYTOSLEEPER gene, but these genes are not depicted in the phylogeny, since the complete genome sequence of these species was not available at the time of the analysis (Figure 4).
Unlike CYTOSLEEPER, genes clustering with VINESLEEPER1 do code for a K/R-rich putative nuclear localization domain. Most dicotyledonous species analyzed also have a homolog in both the CYTOSLEEPER, as well as the DAYSLEEPER cluster (Figure 4). Exceptions are poplar, which has three POPSLEEPERS clustering with DAYSLEEPER, Lotus japonicus, which has LOTUSSLEEPER2 clustering with DAYSLEEPER and LOTUSSLEEPER1, which has diverged from other SLEEPERs and Carica papaya, which apparently has only one SLEEPER. This might suggest that SLEEPERs clustering with DAYSLEEPER are functionally more conserved than CYTOSLEEPER-clustering SLEEPERs. It has to be noted that two auxiliary SLEEPER-like genes were identified in Carica papaya. These genes showed BLAST (TBLASTN) values of just below 400 in relation to DAYSLEEPER and did not possess a conserved SLEEPERmotif1. These genes were therefore not included in Figure 4. If they were included in the alignment, these sequences cluster with LOTUSSLEEPER1, albeit with very long branch-length (data not shown).
RICE- and VINESLEEPERcause a dominant phenotype when expressed in Arabidopsis
Interestingly, the complementation constructs did invoke a dominant phenotype in Arabidopsis plants with the DAYSLEEPER-gene still present. Such plants made an excess of rosette leaves, often curled, and were delayed in formation of inflorescences and in flowering (Figure 5A,B). Furthermore, these plants formed small siliques, suggesting issues with seed development (Figure 5D-G). Interestingly, we did not observe differences between plants containing the various constructs. However, we did observe differences in phenotype severity among plants that were direct descendants of a primary transformant (data not shown). This suggests that the observed phenotype is associated to SLEEPER abundance, influenced by DAYSLEEPER hetero- or homozygosity or the number of T-DNA inserts. DAYSLEEPER overexpression under control of the strong 35S promoter results in a similar phenotype as described above [12], also we observed similar phenotypic traits in some plants when trying to complement daysleeper mutant plants with a GFP:DAYSLEEPER construct (data not shown). Complementation of daysleeper was not found with the coding sequence of At1g15300 (CYTOSLEEPER) under control of the DAYSLEEPER promoter region. Multiple plants of four individual T -DNA insertion lines were extensively analyzed, but none of these revealed a rescue of the daysleeper phenotype, or resulted in DAYSLEEPER overexpression-like phenotypes.
RICESLEEPER1 and RICESLEEPER2
To study whether RICESLEEPER mutation would result in similar developmental defects as seen in the A. thaliana daysleeper mutant, two rice T-DNA insertion lines were obtained (Postech, Functional Genomics Laboratory) [24, 25]. RICESLEEPER1 is disrupted by a T-DNA insertion in the coding sequence at approximately 1700 bp from the start codon (line: PFG_1D-01516). The T-DNA insertion in the RICESLEEPER 2 locus is located in the 3'UTR of the gene (line: PFG_1B-21919). Presence of the T-DNA was verified by PCR (data not shown, Additional file 3: Table S2).
All SLEEPERs have highly conserved features in the form of their N-terminally located BED-zinc finger DNA binding domain, flanked by a nuclear localization domain and the C-terminal dimerization domain. These partly overlap with SLEEPERmotif1 and 3 respectively, whereas SLEEPERmotif2 is localized adjacent to the dimerization domain, but has no overlap or homology to any known functional domain or motif. The CYTOSLEEPER gene seems to be a divergent homolog of DAYSLEEPER. CYTOSLEEPER possesses the SLEEPERmotifs, but has lost its nuclear localization signal, which is highly conserved in other SLEEPERs. This sequence divergence and the lack of the nuclear localization motif might indicate pseudogenization. CYTOSLEEPER has relatively well conserved SLEEPERmotifs and phylogenetically clusters with the SLEEPERs (Figure 1), but its amino acid sequence is only 30.1% identical to DAYSLEEPER (Table 1). A homozygous insertion mutant (SALK_020839C) displays no phenotype and its coding sequence cannot complement the daysleeper phenotype. However, it seems likely that CYTOSLEEPER has acquired novel functionality, since it seems that a selective pressure exists to maintain CYTOSLEEPER. We calculated the ratio of the number of non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (Ka) to the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks), to determine if selection pressure exists to maintain CYTOSLEEPER. Ka/Ks ratio (0,29) is similar to that of DAYSLEEPER (0,28), when comparing these genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and Capsella rubella (Additional file 4: Figure S2).
The highly conserved DNA-binding domain, which spans the location of the second α-helix of the BED-zinc finger [7], might hint to a conserved recognition sequence for all SLEEPERs. SLEEPERmotif 3 is located in the dimerization domain of the SLEEPER coding sequence. The dimerization domain is essential for DAYSLEEPER function, since a C-terminal truncation lacking this domain is not able to rescue the daysleeper phenotype (M. Knip; unpublished results). The high conservation of the dimerization domain in SLEEPER genes also offers the theoretical possibility of heterodimerization between SLEEPERs, for instance in the case of DAYSLEEPER and CYTOSLEEPER. Heterodimerization can theoretically take place, since expression patterns of these genes overlap in several tissues (Arabidopsis eFP-browser [26], data not shown). The possibility of heterodimerization is even likely in the case of RICESLEEPER1 and 2, since their coding sequences are almost identical and their expression patterns partly overlap [23] . We have found that nuclear heterodimerization is possible in vivo for DAYSLEEPER and RICESLEEPER4 (Figure 2) in a Bi-molecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay in Arabidopsis protoplasts, using DAYSLEEPER:YC and YN:RICESLEEPER4 fusion proteins (data not shown). The ability to heterodimerize may offer an interesting layer of complexity to the function of SLEEPER proteins in several species.
Although complementation of DAYSLEEPER is not found with constructs containing other SLEEPERs, these constructs cause a dominant phenotype in Arabidopsis (Figure 5). The transformed plants display developmental issues: delayed formation of the inflorescence and irregular and increased formation of leaves, fasciation and dwarfism have been observed in all lines. This phenotype resembles the overexpression phenotype of plants bearing a 35S:DAYSLEEPER construct [12] and it is probable that this effect is caused by increased expression of SLEEPER genes in these plants. This is further substantiated by the fact that mild overexpression phenotypes were also observed in some daysleeper mutant plants complemented with a GFP:DAYSLEEPER construct (data not shown). The fact that SLEEPERs cause this phenotype suggests that they are at least partially functionally similar to DAYSLEEPER. Interestingly, the clustering of CYTOSLEEPER with other SLEEPERs, such as VINESLEEPER1, suggests that other species possess functional SLEEPERs that are derived from the same duplication as the CYTOSLEEPER gene. In poplar, none of the SLEEPER genes found cluster with CYTOSLEEPER, suggesting that a SLEEPER derived from the duplication event mentioned above, was lost in this species.
RICESLEEPER1 and 2
RICESLEEPER1 and 2 are highly similar and have arisen from a duplication event (Figure 6). We suggest that these RICESLEEPER genes are relatively recently duplicated retrogenes. In the rice genome many retrocopies and retrogenes can be found, which could be explained by the overall high activity of LTR retrotransposons in this species [27]. Retrocopied genes are devoid of introns, since they are derived from mRNA sequences and are flanked by short non-transposon-derived duplications. Both RICESLEEPER1 and 2 meet these criteria (Figure 6). Recent retrocopies often possess a relic poly-A tail, derived from the mRNA they originated from [28]. Both RICESLEEPER genes lack a clear poly A-tail. However, this feature is lost in many retrocopied genes, notably those derived from older retrocopy events [29, 30]. Like other SLEEPER-proteins, RICESLEEPER1 and 2 lack the amino acids necessary for transposition and are not flanked by the characteristic hAT features (data not shown) [16]. Transcription of the 5' UTR of both genes starts before the site where the genes become highly similar. It is thought that retrocopies can acquire new (non-)coding material from their site of insertion in the genome, or by secondary sequence insertions upstream, in a process called exonization (Figure 6). Exonization seems to have taken place at the RICESLEEPER2 locus. The found 5' UTR of RICESLEEPER2 (depicted in model A. of Figure 6) largely overlaps with the first exon of a Ty3/Gypsy-like retrotransposon gene (LOC_Os05g14950.1) which is predicted to be situated on the opposite strand. The parental template gene of RICESLEEPER1 and 2 was not identified in the rice genome. This leaves the possibility that either RICESLEEPER1 or 2 has been retrocopied to give rise to RICESLEEPER2 or 1, respectively. This would imply that both genes have acquired new 5' UTR sequences after the retrocopy event, or that a partial mRNA served as a retrocopy template. A model of how we think the ancestral SLEEPERs could have become domesticated will be discussed below. This model also includes exonization of coding material from a TE insertion, which may have happened in the RICESLEEPER2 locus. RICESLEEPER1 and 2 are differentially expressed, and mutants of these genes give rise to different phenotypes (Figure 7). We suspect the divergent expression patterns and/or the difference in the non-coding parts of their transcripts attribute to the differences which these genes play in the rice plant.
Expressed hAT-like genes inArabidopsis thalianaandOryza sativa
Arabidopsis thaliana
Introns in CDS
Oryza sativa
Introns in CDS
All the evidence indicated above, together with the fact that we have found signs of a recent retrocopy event in the form of RICESLEEPER1 and 2 suggests that a retrocopy event may be responsible for the domestication of DAYSLEEPER. Although alternative scenarios are conceivable, we think our model provides an elegant way for a transposase gene to shed its repeats and start a new, stable life elsewhere in the genome.
We found that SLEEPERs have conserved features and are often duplicated. We show that SLEEPER genes are an angiosperm-specific gene family, and that early in dicotyledon evolution two copies of SLEEPER genes were present. The SLEEPER family is an intriguing example of how transposons can give rise to new genes. Analysis of the phylogeny of the SLEEPERs reveals the dynamic interplay between transposons. In recent years many ways of shaping the genome by TE's have been described, and it seems without doubt that many more new genes derived from TE's and evolutionary effects of TE's will be uncovered in the coming years. The presence of SLEEPER genes in many species and the severe daysleeper phenotype in Arabidopsis are testimony to their importance in higher plants. We show that the SLEEPER gene-family is angiosperm specific and that SLEEPERs have become important genes in these plants, as was confirmed in rice, where T-DNA insertions in SLEEPER genes gave rise to aberrant phenotypes. Future studies may reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional role of DAYSLEEPER and its orthologs in plant development.
Genome browsers and BLAST databases
Genome browsers for Arabidopsis thaliana (TAIR; http://www.arabidopsis.org), Oryza sativa and Vitis vinifera (Genoscope; http://www.genoscope.cns.fr) were used for finding synteny in genomic regions and for visualizing (predicted) the various SLEEPER genes [23]. Genomic BLAST searches were performed at the NCBI website for the Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa genome [17]. The Genoscope BLAST Server was queried for Vitis vinifera (Genoscope; http://www.genoscope.cns.fr). Genetic information and BLAST searches for other species were performed at the PlantGDB website [20]. The standard BLAST settings were used at al websites. Word-size and the Expect-parameter were decreased to "3" and "10" respectively to be able to find shorter and/or more divergent sequences.
Alignments and phylogenies
Alignments were created and edited using JalView 2.4 and processed using the integrated ClustalW function [33, 34]. Phylogenies were created using the RAxML algorithm as offered by the RAxML-blackbox, using amino acid alignments [21]. Bootstrap values were calculated and the number of calculated trees was automatically determined by the RAxML algorithm. The generated phylogenies were graphically edited using FigTree v1.3.1 (Andrew Rombaut, University of Edinburgh) and Microsoft Office Powerpoint 2010 (Microsoft ®). The TIRfinder program was used to scan sequences for terminal inverted repeats flanked by host duplications. TIRfinder was run using the same settings as in Rubin et al. 2001 [16]. Relaxed settings were used to confirm the absence of the mentioned repeat sequences. Parameter "Tir_length" was set to minimal length of 7 and maximal length of 10. The direct repeat parameter ("Dir_length") was set with a minimum of 7 and a maximum of 10 and allowing a distance of 15bp [16].
Identification and isolation of SLEEPER genes from vitis vinifera, oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana
Using TBLASTN searches expressed orthologous genes were found in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Vitis vinifera (See "Genome Browsers and BLAST Databases"). None of the orthologs contained any introns in their coding sequences (CDS). The CDS of all genes were amplified from start (ATG) to stop codon, with genomic DNA as a template. Amplicons were cloned into pJET1.2 (Fermentas®) and sequenced.
Using PCR, with primers MK98 and MK99, the gateway cassette of pEARLEYGATE302 (ABRC; http://www.arabidopsis.org), containing the FLAG sequence and the TNOS were isolated and cloned. This sequence, from now on referred to as "gateway® cassette", was isolated, digested with HindIII and cloned into a pCAMBIA2300 vector (Cambia Australia®) (Additional file 1: Table S1) [35]. The resulting plasmid has a multiple cloning site (MCS) flanking the inserted gateway cassette. The MCS was used to insert a 3.8 kb stretch of upstream DNA sequence directly preceding the CDS of the DAYSLEEPER gene. Using PCR, with primers MK3.3 and MK9.3 the respective restriction sites SacI and KpnI were added to the promoter sequence (Additional file 1: Table S1) and were used to clone the fragment in the MCS of the vector, giving rise to the pCAMBIA2300 pDAYSLEEPER gateway FLAG TNOS destination vector.
Subsequent cloning of the diverse SLEEPER sequences from different species was performed using the Invitrogen gateway technology, using pDONR207 (Invitrogen®) as the entry clone for the various coding sequences. Gateway compatible primers were designed to amplify the DAY-, CYTO-, VINE- and RICESLEEPER's coding sequences without the stop codon (Additional file 1: Table S1). The obtained amplicon was recombined using the Gateway BP reaction into the pDONR207 vector (Invitrogen®) and the insert was sequenced. The obtained entry clones (pENTR) were recombined using the gateway LR clonase reaction into the pCAMBIA2300 pDAYSLEEPER Gateway FLAG TNOS destination vector, described above (Invitrogen®). This lead to a translational fusion of the SLEEPER genes with a C-terminally fused FLAG-tag, under control of the DAYSLEEPER native promoter. Created plasmids can be found in Additional file 6: Table S3.
The pDAYSLEEPER::DAYSLEEPER sequence was isolated directly from genomic DNA with PCR using a forward primer MK43, binding 3.6kb upstream of the start codon and a reverse primer MK44 binding to the end of the DAYSLEEPER coding sequence (Additional file 1: Table S1). The resulting fragment was recombined into pDONR207 as described above and subsequently inserted into pEARLEYGATE302 using the Gateway LR clonase reaction (Invitrogen ®). The vectors used in the protoplast experiment (Figure 2) were created by using vector pART7 p35S gateway YFP:HA [36]. This vector was recombined using the pENTR vectors described above, using the LR clonase reaction, giving rise to a translational fusion of SLEEPER-genes and C-terminally fused YFP and HA-tag.
All PCR's were performed using Phusion polymerase in HF buffer (Finnzymes®). Reaction conditions were as recommended, except for MgCl2, which was increased to 5,5 mM. The annealing temperature with Gateway®-compatible primers was set to 65°C (Invitrogen®). All obtained fragments were sequenced to check for PCR-induced errors. Primers are shown in Additional file 3: Table S2.
Plant transformation
Binary expression vectors were electroporated into electrocompetent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1 [37]. Floral dip transformation was performed with Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 plants heterozygous for a T-DNA insert in the DAYSLEEPER locus [12]. These plants were grown on plate containing 12 μg/ml sulfadiazine (SUL), transferred to soil and transformed after three weeks by floral-dip transformation. Transformants were selected on medium containing 12 μg/ml sulfadiazine (SUL) and 25 μg/ml kanamycin (KM), or 15 μg/ml phosphinotrycin (PPT). SUL was added to select for the insert in the DAYSLEEPER locus and KM (pCAMBIA2300 based vectors) or PPT (pEARLEYGATE based vectors) to select for the complementing construct. Homo- or heterozygosity for the T-DNA insert in the DAYSLEEPER locus was assessed by PCR. Plants identified in the PCR screen described above were verified with RT-PCR on cDNA made from total RNA isolates. RNA was isolated from 0.1 gram of plant tissue using a Qiagen RNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen®). RNA samples were treated with DNAse (Ambion®) to get rid of residual genomic DNA. cDNA was created using an iScript cDNA synthesis kit (Biorad®). cDNA samples were diluted five times and 1 μl was used for PCR. All cDNA samples were tested by PCR, amplifying housekeeping gene ROC, using primers ROC3.3 and ROC5.2. Primers MK111 and MK112 were used to detect transcription of the native DAYSLEEPER locus (Additional file 1: Table S1). The amplicon in this PCR spans 235bp from the C-terminus of the DAYSLEEPER CDS to the 3'UTR. This PCR reaction was performed on a Biometra T1 Thermocycler (Biometra®) using a standard PCR protocol with 40 cycles (30 seconds at 95°C, 30 seconds at 59°C and 30 seconds at 72°C) with REDTaq polymerase (Sigma-Aldrich®).
T-DNA insertion lines
Two T-DNA insertion rice lines were ordered from POSTECH; PFG_1D-01516 and PFG_1B-21919 [24]. These lines are respectively in a Daesan and Dongjin background. The first line contains a T-DNA insert in the CDS of RICESLEEPER1 (LOC_Os05g14940), the second line contains an insert in the 3'UTR of the RICESLEEPER2 (LOC_Os03g52310) gene. These lines were resistant to hygromycin and the insert in the respective loci was verified by PCR using primer combination MK85-MK101 for the RICESLEEPER1 gene and MK85-MK102 for the RICESLEEPER2 gene (Additional file 1: Table S1). To verify the presence of the wild-type loci, primers MK70-MK101 and MK102-MK105 were used, respectively. A homozygous Arabidopsis insertion line, SALK_020839C, was obtained from NASC [38]. This line has a T-DNA integrated in both alleles in the CDS of At1G15300 (CYTOSLEEPER).
Arabidopsisprotoplast transformation
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 suspension cells were used to isolate and transform protoplasts according to [39]. Protoplasts were observed after 16–18 hours of incubation at 25OC in the dark on a Zeiss Observer (Zeiss ®) confocal microscope. YFP was visualized using a 63x water objective and an Argon laser at 514 nm for excitation and a 522-532nm band pass emission filter. Images were processed using ImageJ (ImageJ, NIH) and Adobe Photoshop CS5 (Adobe ®).
Transcript analysis
To analyze the 5' UTR sequences of the RICESLEEPER1 and 2 gene, 1 ug of total RNA from Oryza sativa var. japonica seedlings was treated with DNAse (Ambion®) to remove residual genomic DNA. cDNA was created using RevertAid™ H Minus Reverse Transcriptase (Fermentas®), using oligo dT primers according to the recommended protocol. The cDNA was diluted 10x and 1 μl of this dilution was used per PCR reaction. PCR's were performed using Phusion® polymerase in HF buffer (Finnzymes®). For cloning the 5' noncoding leader of RICESLEEPER1 and 2, primers were designed to bind the first bases of the RICESLEEPER coding sequence (MK122 and MK125, respectively, Additional file 3: Table S2). Forward primers were designed based on EST sequences up to 1.5kb upstream of the start codon (MK120, MK121, MK123 and MK124; Figure 6 and Additional file 3: Table S2). The obtained amplicons were cloned into pJET1.2 (Fermentas®) and sequenced. All PCR's were also performed on RNA, to test for residual gDNA in these samples. No bands were amplified from RNA samples.
Graphics creation
Figures were created in Microsoft Office Powerpoint 2010 (Microsoft®) and edited in Adobe Photoshop CS5 (Adobe®). Visualization of conserved SLEEPER sequences was performed with the WebLogo on-line service [40].
We would like to acknowledge Gynheung An for the rice T-DNA insertion mutant lines. We would like to thank A. Benjak and J. Casacuberta for providing Vitis vinifera genomic DNA and A. Levy for providing the TIRfinder software, M. Castelein and A. Sietsma for help with the preparation and visualization of protoplasts, G. Lamers for support with the confocal microscopy, Zhang Yu for providing rice RNA samples and C. Galvan-Ampudia and R. Offringa for providing the pART7 gateway vectors. This work is part of the research programme 817.02.003, which is financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).
Supplementary material
Copyright information
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 27, 2011
|Filing date
|Aug 11, 2010
|Priority date
|Jul 31, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Rishi Sachdeva, Russell Jack Morash, Dubravko Bosnjak, Brent Earle Harris
|Original Assignee
|Sustainable Energy Technologies
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (102), Non-Patent Citations (20), Referenced by (4), Classifications (8), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation application of Ser. No. 11/830,697 filed Jul. 30, 2007, which claims priority to provisional application Ser. No. 60/820,942, filed on Jul. 31, 2006, which are both herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. U.S. Pat. No. 6,198,178, entitled: Step Wave Power Converter, issued Mar. 6, 2001, is also incorporated in its entirety.
The disclosure relates generally to power converters.
The general class of multilevel inverters comprises of, among others, a type known as Cascaded Multilevel Inverters. Cascaded inverters have been used in the industry for high power applications. Among the techniques for controlling these cascade converters include a carrier-based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) scheme known as phase-shifted carrier PWM (PSCPWM).
A Phase-Shifted Carrier Pulse Wave Modulation (PSCPWM) scheme is implemented in a step wave power converter for a stand-alone inverter mode of operation. The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Activating gates S13 and S12 and deactivating gates S11 and S14 in Bridge #1 creates a voltage Vo,1=VDC,1. Deactivating gates S13 and S11 and activating gates S12 and S14 in Bridge #1 shorts Vo,1=0.
The cascaded inverter topology requires that all the DC sources 14 be isolated from each other. This isolation feature allows the outputs of the H-bridges 12 to be added together vectorially. This fact is illustrated in
V op(t)=V o,1(t)+V o,2(t)+ . . . +V o,N(t) (1)
The schematic of a single-phase step wave power converter 20 with N H-bridges 12 is shown in
As seen in
V op,SW(t)=V SEC,1(t)+V SEC,2(t)+ . . . +V SEC,N (2)
For both topologies in
In the case of a Step Wave Inverter 20 in
PSCPWM Scheme for Cascaded Inverters
For the case of operation of one single-phase H-bridge inverter 10 with 3-level naturally sampled modulation, the analytical solution for all the harmonics is known. It has also been shown that for series-connected single-phase bridges some dominant harmonics can be cancelled by appropriately phase-shifting the carriers for the bridges. This modulation process is denoted as phase-shifted carrier PWM, or PSCPWM.
The underlying principle of PSCPWM is to retain sinusoidal reference waveforms for the two phase legs of each H-bridge 12 that are phase shifted by 180� and then to phase shift the carriers of each bridge to achieve additional harmonic cancellation around the even carrier multiple groups.
To illustrate,
In general, a cascaded inverter 10 with N bridges 12 will have N carriers where Carrier #1, Carrier #2 , . . . , Carrier #N are the carrier waveforms for Bridge #1, Bridge #2, . . . , Bridge #N respectively. The two reference waveforms 30 and 32 are phase shifted from each other by 180�, and each reference waveform is assigned to one leg of the H-bridges, as discussed for the case of 5-level inverter. As before, Sine Ref #1 is used as a reference for Leg a of all the N H-bridges in the inverter, and Sine Ref #2 is used as a reference for Leg b for all the N H-bridges in the inverter.
Modulation index M is the ratio of peaks of the carrier and reference waveforms. In other words, for a single H-bridge 12, a modulation index of M will result in an output voltage with peak of M*VDC, and the fundamental component of this output voltage has a RMS value of M*VDC/√{square root over (2)}. For N cascaded bridge inverters 10 operating with DC voltage VDC, the RMS value of the fundamental component of the output voltage is given by:
The output voltage waveform also contains harmonics due to switching action of the converter. For sine PWM the dominant harmonics are located near the multiples of the switching frequency. For cascaded bridges, PSCPWM can be used be cancel some of these harmonics. Theoretical analysis has shown that optimum harmonic cancellation is achieved by phase shifting each carrier by (i−1) π/N, where i is the ith H-bridge and N is the number of series-connected H-bridges.
Therefore, for two cascaded H-bridges 12, the carriers need to be phase shifted by 90�, for three cascaded H-bridges the carriers need to be phase shifted by 60�, and so on. In other words if the carrier waveforms 36 and 38 have periods of ΔT, then for two cascaded H-bridges 12, the carriers need to be phase shifted by ΔT/4, for three cascaded H-bridges the carriers need to be phase shifted by ΔT/6, and so on. This is illustrated in
For triangular carriers 36 and 38, sampling can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. For symmetrical sampling, the references 30 and 32 are sampled at either the positive or negative peaks of the carriers 36 and 38 and then held constant for the entire carrier interval. For asymmetrical sampling the references 30 and 32 are sampled every half carrier 36 and 38 at both the positive and negative carrier peaks.
Sampling the reference signals 30 and 32 produce a stepped waveform which is phase delayed with respect to the original reference waveforms 30 and 32. For symmetrical sampling, this delay is one half the carrier interval, while for asymmetrical sampling this delay is one quarter the carrier interval.
In the digital implementation this phase delay can be compensated by phase advancing the reference waveforms 30 and 32 by the appropriate time interval. The most common implementation for a digital PWM controller is using a digital controller around a microcontroller or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). Good harmonic performance may be achieved by using 3-level asymmetrical regular sampled PWM for each H-bridge 12 in the cascaded inverter 10. The waveform synthesis for the cascaded converter 10 and step wave converter 20 may be similar. Therefore the 3-level asymmetrical regular sampled PWM is used for also implementing PSCPWM for the step wave inverter.
The reference waveform samples for Leg a corresponding to Interval 1 and Interval 2 are Ref_Val 1 a and Ref_Val 2 a respectively, and the reference waveform samples for Leg b corresponding to Interval 1 and Interval 2 are Ref_Val 1 b and Ref_Val 2 b respectively. The reference samples are obtained after adjusting for the one quarter of the carrier period introduced due to sampling.
As can be seen, the switched waveforms for each leg are obtained by comparing the carrier wave 36 with the reference sample values. Each phase leg of the inverter switches to the upper DC rail (VDC) 14A when the reference value Ref_Val 1 a, Ref_Val 2 a, Ref_Val 1 b, or Ref_Val 2 b exceeds the carrier wave 36, and switches to the lower DC rail (0) 14B when the reference value falls below the carrier.
Following this scheme, the control signals for the power transistors can be generated. For the H-bridge under example (Bridge #1 of the cascaded inverter shown in
Waveform 50A shows the output voltage of Leg b at node 12B. During Interval 1 the reference value Ref_Val 1 b exceeds the carrier waveform 36A for the time interval t0-t2. Accordingly, the output voltage at node 12B is set to +VDC during the time interval t0-t2 by activating switch S13 (i.e. turning the switch ON) and deactivating switch S14 (i.e. turning the switch OFF). During time interval t2-t3 the carrier waveform 36A exceeds the reference value Ref_Val 1 b. Accordingly, the output voltage at node 12B is set to 0 during the time interval t2-t3 by activating switch S14 (i.e. turning the switch ON) and deactivating switch S13 (i.e. turning the switch OFF). During Interval 2 carrier waveform 36B exceeds the reference value Ref_Val 2 b for the time interval t3-t4. Accordingly, the output voltage is set to 0 during the time interval t3-t4 by activating switch S14 and deactivating switch S13. During time interval t4-t6 the reference value Ref_Val 2 b exceeds the carrier waveform 36B. Accordingly, the output voltage is set to +VDC during the time interval t4-t6 by activating switch S13 and deactivating switch S14.
Waveform 50B shows the output voltage of Leg a at node 12A. During Interval 1 the reference value Ref_Val 1 a exceeds the carrier waveform 36A for the time interval t0-t1. Accordingly, the output voltage at node 12A is set to +VDC during the time interval t0-t1 by activating switch S11 and deactivating switch S12. During time interval t1-t3 the carrier waveform 36A exceeds the reference value Ref_Val 1 a. Accordingly, the output voltage at node 12A is set to 0 during the time interval ti-t3 by activating switch S12 and deactivating switch S11. During Interval 2 carrier waveform 36B exceeds the reference value Ref_Val 2 a for the time interval t3-t5. Accordingly, the output voltage is set to 0 during the time interval t3-t5 by activating switch S12 and deactivating switch S1 During time interval t5-t6 the reference value Ref_Val 2 a exceeds the carrier waveform 36B. Accordingly, the output voltage is set to +VDC during the time interval t5-t6 by activating switch S11 and deactivating switch S12.
The combination of waveforms 50A and 50B produce waveform 50C where the output of Bridge #1 (Vop,1) is equal to 0 during the time interval to-t1, moves to VDC during the time interval t1-t2, moves to 0 during the time interval t2-t4, moves to VDC during the time interval t4-t5, moves to 0 during the time interval t5-t6 etc.
The PSCPWM is selected for the single-phase configuration of step wave inverter for stand-alone application whereby the converter performs DC-AC power conversion to supply a local load. The details of implementation of PSCPWM for a 5-level step wave inverter given below show that the inherent transformer leakage inductance can be used to eliminate external inductance and filter the output voltage.
Referring again to
Any DC voltage source 12 can be used e.g. a battery bank, a photovoltaic array, a fuel cell etc. The N transformers 16 that are part of the inverter 20 are identical, with the primary to secondary winding ratio 1:R. Thus a pulse of VDC on the primary 16A of any transformer 16 will result in a voltage pulse of R*VDC on the secondary winding 16B of the transformer 16.
In applying the PSCPWM technique to the step wave inverter 20, the sine-triangle modulation and the generation of gating signals for the power transistors is the same as the cascaded inverter. As mentioned previously, the 3-level asymmetrical regular sampled PWM provides good harmonic performance for implementing PSCPWM.
A sketch of the resulting inverter voltage before any filtering is performed is shown in
For cascaded inverter 10 (
The PSCPWM scheme was tested with a 3-level asymmetrical regular sampling on a prototype single-phase step wave inverter 20. The prototype was designed for operation with high-density Li-ion battery pack. The AC output 22 of the inverter 20 was 120V, 60 Hz, 2.4 kW continuous output power. The inverter 20 can be designed for 5-level operation i.e. with 2 H-bridges and 2 transformers. One implementation used DC and AC operating voltages resulting in transformer voltage ratio of 1:1.43. The carrier frequency was chosen as 4500 Hz, thus yielding a carrier to fundamental ratio of 4500/60=75.
A digital implementation of PSCPWM is carried out as shown in
In order to attain a sine-wave quality and reduce the harmonic content in the output voltage for all stand-alone inverters, some sort of filtering is applied in the output 22 in
The size and values of the filter components 80 and 82 depend upon the magnitude of harmonics present in the output voltage and the level of attenuation desired. A high harmonic content in the output voltage 22 results in large Lf and Cf. The superior harmonic performance of the PSCPWM scheme results in output voltage that inherently has a low harmonic content. This ensures that the filter components Lf and Cf are small.
Furthermore, from
L filter =L f+(N*L σ)
Thus, it can be seen that the transformer leakage inductance contributes to the total filter inductance. This can be used to reduce the size of the external inductance, Lf. With a proper choice of the filter capacitance, Cf, it is possible to eliminate Lf. This useful feature is demonstrated on a prototype step wave inverter with PSCPWM. The leakage inductance of each transformer is measured to be 60 μH, giving a total of 120 μH for the 2 transformers 16. It is found that using only the leakage inductance of the transformers and a 15 μf filter capacitor gives excellent power quality for the output voltage for different kinds of loads. As can be seen in
The system described above can use dedicated processor systems, micro controllers, programmable logic devices, or microprocessors that perform some or all of the operations. Some of the operations described above may be implemented in software and other operations may be implemented in hardware.
For the sake of convenience, the operations are described as various interconnected functional blocks or distinct software modules. This is not necessary, however, and there may be cases where these functional blocks or modules are equivalently aggregated into a single logic device, program or operation with unclear boundaries. In any event, the functional blocks and software modules or features of the flexible interface can be implemented by themselves, or in combination with other operations in either hardware or software.
Having described and illustrated the principles of the invention in a preferred embodiment thereof, it should be apparent that the invention may be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. I claim all modifications and variation coming within the spirit and scope of the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|307/82, 307/30, 363/55
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 11, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 31, 2016
Owner name: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, CANADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SACHDEVA, RISHI;MORASH, RUSSELL JACK;BOSNJAK, DUBRAVKO;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:038164/0502
Effective date: 20070816


text:
I've become obsessed with the slouchy pants and have started a quest to find the perfect pair.
The inspiration, of course came from pinterest and then I went on to find a pair that would fit me. These are my top picks and I've got some of them coming my way, I hope they work out!
I think this look goes well with a more casual vibe but you can still play around with it. A graphic tee for an easy brunch look, chambray or a plaid button down for your everyday look and then paired with a slim sweater for the office.
3 comments
lovely selectionReplyDelete
Maggie D.
The Indian Savage diary
I am loving slouchy pants right now. They are a great way to be comfy & look chic!ReplyDelete
Haute Child in the City
I remember when harem pants started to come back into fashion, I just could not stand the baggy crotch area. The new style slouch pants are basically whats up though, so comfortable, chic and great for everyday wear. Thanks for the list. Great selection.ReplyDelete
Carolyn | BLOG


text:
Thank you for your interest in our queens. I'm excited about offering our queens for sale again this year, 2017. As you know I am very particular about providing quality queens. I've put together my "QUEEN DREAM TEAM" consisting of three of us that will be raising queens for 2017. Myself and two other highly respected and experienced beekeepers are working hard raising queens that are for sale now. CLICK HERE. Or call in during business hours, Tues - Thur. 10-4:30 central time. 217-427-2678
The queens that we sell are not a specific "race" but rather queens that have been raised from selected northern colonies that we are proud of. Our queens are raised here in Illinois. As producers we are in compliance with the Illinois Department of Agricultural's rules and regulation regarding raising queens. All hives from which we are raising queens have passed inspection for 2017.
I have never been able to produce enough queens to keep up with the demands for our queens but 2017 looks promising with the help of my "Queen Dream Team". Thank you for your patience and click here now before we sell out. Limited supply.
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Let us help take the guess work out of what you need to get started in beekeeping. We can help you get what you need. We can answer your questions! We are here from start to finish when you buy your supplies from us.
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text:
Tatton Park is a country estate in the county of Cheshire situated between Knutsford and Manchester. Owned by the Stanley family in the 15th century, a hall was built on the land which was bought by Sir Thomas Egerton, the Lord Chancellor of England, in 1598. One of his descendants, John Egerton, built the present house at the end of the 17th century and this hall, the deer park, formal gardens and a farm passed to the National Trust in 1958 when the last Lord Egerton died without issue.
The hall and park was the destination for an outing of Coronation Street's women in August 1967 while the menfolk enjoyed themselves on a canal boat on the waterways of Cheshire. Annie Walker and Emily Nugent organised the trip which saw Elsie Tanner, days away from being married to Steve Tanner, being pursued by lecherous coach driver Frank Hoyle and her and Irma Barlow having to be rescued from his attentions by Ena Sharples and Emily Nugent. Annie was entranced by the interior of the hall which has all the trappings one would expect of a stately home but Hilda Ogden scandalised her by offering her opinion that it would look better if it was decorated to make it look more modern! The men and women of the two parties were surprised when they came across one another when the canal barge reached the grounds of the park.
In April 1984, Ken and Deirdre Barlow had to put off a visit to the park when Christine Glover, a mentally-ill woman who had contacted Ken through his editorship of the Weatherfield Recorder and who was threatening suicide was hospitalised. Twenty-seven years later, Steve McDonald offered wife Becky a trip there to try and placate her over the loss of custody of his daughter Amy Barlow.
Tatton Park was the site of the location videotaping for the first ever episode of Coronation Street to be made entirely on location - Episode 700 (30th August 1967) - which made full use of the house, both interior and exterior and the famous Japanese Garden within the grounds. In reality, no canal or navigable waterway goes through the park and recording for the canal boat sequences probably took place on the Trent and Mersey Canal several miles south of Tatton Park. The episode was devised as a treat for the cast by producer Jack Rosenthal as an alternative to the weekly routine of rehearsal and studio recording. He was staggered to find that the members of the company disliked the location shooting intensely, complaining about all manner of things, such as having to walk on grass, and far preferring to be inside their normal routine in their Manchester studio base.
The gardens were also used for a special photoshoot for TV Times in June 1984 which featured Jean Alexander and Betty Driver, both keen horticulturalists.
The park had a long association with Granada Television who used it extensively for the shooting of their acclaimed 1981 adaptation of Brideshead Revisited in which the interior of the house stood in for the interior of Marchmain House, fictionally located in London, while the conservatory was used for a sequence set in Brideshead Castle though the remainder was famously filmed at Castle Howard in Yorkshire. The exterior of the house was seen in a sequence where Charles Ryder captures it on canvas in the seventh episode from a vantage point in the gardens.


text:
White Paper - Managing Customer Perception of Online Banking
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Customer service is increasingly being shifted from people to technology. In the first quarter of 2011, online banking volumes across the top 10 banks grew to more than 65 Million liquid deposit account (LDA) customers, double the number from 2004 and growing fast. In addition to checking their account balances, nearly two-thirds of these customers are using online bill pay, and other online services are seeing growing adoption rates while traffic at traditional bank outlets is dropping considerably. While this certainly improves customer flexibility, such as being able to conduct business with your organization from across the globe at any hour, and reduces costs for the bank, it introduces a major new issue that must be addressed – specifically how to measure and manage customer perception when technology is the new customer service representative.
- After deciding to refinance their home mortgage, the MacGoverns' first stop is with the bank they've been with for years – yours. Ten minutes into the online refinance request process, they click submit on the third out of four forms they must complete, and promptly see a Server 500 error. Tiffany MacGovern, frustrated and angry, not only decides to find another lender, but also publishes a lashing diatribe on Facebook that quickly goes viral.
- John Smith finally finds a few minutes to pay his bills, and launches your online banking mobile application. After typing in his credentials and touching Log In, he's presented with the message "System is unavailable. Please try again later." Those few minutes for paying bills are now spent on a #Fail tweet that gets retweeted over 5,000 times in just the first hour.
- Marketing promotes a new video on Facebook to educate consumers about the stability of investing in CD's. The video becomes a hit and goes viral, triggering a huge spike in traffic. As IT was unaware of the campaign, or the projected results, sufficient resources to support this traffic were not online, resulting in many visitors being unable to purchase CD's and posting their frustrations on Facebook.
Consider the following scenarios:
These scenarios highlight two fundamental changes in the industry. First, the rise of social media and the always-on consumer means that organizations can no longer afford to wait days to formulate and execute a response. Secondly, that response must be an integrated effort from Marketing, PR and IT to solve technology problems that are impacting customer sentiment, and communicate the improved state to consumers rapidly.
This White Paper will describe a methodology for establishing a Customer Service Index for Online Banking Systems, blending a mix of data from technology, business KPI's and customer insights to provide financial services firms the means of ensuring that their technology is delivering superior customer service. It will also describe how real-time analysis can help an organization's IT, Marketing and Public Relations teams to take an integrated approach to respond to issues at the speeds required by today's social media- connected customer base.


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Irish cinema is in the spotlight this weekend as the Baton Rouge Irish Club presents its sixth annual Irish Film Festival.
Most of the festival takes place Friday and Saturday at the Manship Theatre.
The first event, Wee Irish Film Night on Friday, will offer a screening of eight short films: "The Ledge End of Phil (from accounting)," "The Last Days of Peter Bergmann," "Rubai," "Breakfast Wine," "The Missing Scarf," "Mechanic," "Scratch" and "Four Bhanrion (Four Queens)," plus live music provided by Wild Irish Roots, refreshments and a cash bar. Audience members will be asked to vote on their favorite shorts at the end of the night and an award will be presented to the director for Best Short Irish Film. Admission is $8.50 plus box office fees.
Saturday will include five feature films: "Life's a Breeze," "Good Vibrations," "The Irish Pub," "Calvary" and "The Bachelor Weekend." During the day, refreshments will be served with a cash bar and the band Wild Irish Roots will be on hand.
Tickets for each of the feature films on Festival Day are $8.50 plus box office fees. Weekend passes will also be available.
Hotel Indigo will host an after-party immediately following the showing of the last film. Music will be provided by Wild Irish Roots. The party is free and open to the public and will have a cash bar.
Military Day on Sunday will present the feature film, "One Man's Hero," at the Celtic Media Centre. This event is free, open to the public and light refreshments will be served.
Pub Night on Monday is set for Phil Brady's Bar and Grill. The full-length movie "Zonad" will be shown along with the short "Happy Birthday Timmy."
Pub Night is free and open to the public, offering $1 burgers with a cash bar and drink specials.
The films this year, as in the past four years, have been provided to the Irish Film Festival through the Irish Film Institute which has worked with the festival committee in choosing a wide variety of films each year.
Wee Irish Film Night (judged short films, Manship Theatre)
7 p.m.: Bagpiper, doors open for purchase of tickets
7:30 p.m.: Welcome and acceptance of 2013 Award; first block of judged shorts
"The Ledge End of Phil (from accounting)"
"The Last Days of Peter Bergmann"
"Breakfast Wine"
8:30 p.m.: Intermission (music by Wild Irish Roots, light refreshments, cash bar)
9 p.m.: Second block of judged shorts
"The Missing Scarf"
"Four Bhanríon (Four Queens)"
10 p.m.: End of event
Festival Day, Manship Theatre
11:45 a.m.: Bagpiper on the plaza; doors open for purchase of tickets
12:05 p.m.: Welcome speech
12:10 p.m.: "Life's a Breeze"
1:40 p.m.: Intermission (bagpiper, music by Wild Irish Roots, refreshments, cash bar)
2:10 p.m.: "Good Vibrations"
4 p.m.: Intermission (bagpiper, music by Wild Irish Roots, refreshments, cash bar)
4:30 p.m.: "The Irish Pub" (documentary free and open to the public)
5:45 p.m.: Intermission (bagpiper, music by Wild Irish Roots, refreshments, cash bar)
6:15 p.m.: "Calvary"
7:55 p.m.: Intermission (bagpiper, music by Wild Irish Roots, desserts, cash bar)
8:25 p.m.: "The Bachelor Weekend", feature film #5
10 p.m.: End of event (after-party, Hotel Indigo, music, free, open to the public, cash bar)
Military Day, Celtic Media Centre, 10000 Celtic Drive
2 p.m.: Welcome and flag ceremony
2:30 p.m.: "One Man's Hero" (free, open to the public, light refreshments by Desserts First)
Pub Night, Phil Brady's Bar and Grill, 4848 Government St.
7 p.m.: "Happy Birthday Timmy" and "Zonad" (free, open to the public, $1 burgers, cash bar, drink specials)