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Video Camera Image Quality in Physical Electronic Security Systems
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1 Video Camera Image Quality in Physical Electronic Security Systems
2 Video Camera Image Quality in Physical Electronic Security Systems In the second decade of the 21st century, annual revenue for the global physical electronic security market is estimated to be approximately $20.57 billion (USD), with video surveillance products and systems constituting a $10 billion market share. 1 Whether used to identify and defeat potential acts of terrorism, in local law enforcement and fire protection activities, or in commercial and industrial security programs, video surveillance technology has become a common communications medium and an essential tool for public safety officials and security professionals. The growing and diverse use of video technology has resulted in increased attention to the quality of video imagery. Poor quality video can blur or mask important details that slow or prevent appropriate and timely response, or lead to inaccurate interpretations of data or events. Since video surveillance systems are only as effective as their individual components, poor quality video can diminish the benefits expected from a significant financial investment. There are a number of standards already available that can be used to assess the capabilities of products used in physical electronic security surveillance systems, including standards for alarm intrusion systems, sensors, smoke alarms and fire panels, and control systems. These standards facilitate the objective evaluation of security system components and enable procurement specialists to select those products most appropriate for their specific security application. To objectively evaluate video camera models for use in specific physical electronic security applications, UL has released UL 2802, the Standard for Performance Testing of Camera Image Quality. Unlike many UL Standards that focus exclusively on the hazard-related safety of a product, UL 2802 incorporates performance criteria based on a camera s critical operational parameters. Video camera products evaluated to the requirements of the Standard are awarded performance scores that can be considered in the procurement selection process, facilitating objective comparisons between camera models. This white paper provides a summary of the objectives and requirements of UL 2802 for evaluating digital images from video cameras used in a variety of applications. The paper begins with a discussion of issues related to video camera image quality. The paper then provides a detailed review of the specific performance tests found in the Standard, as well as other considerations for achieving compliance. page 2
3 Video Image Quality Issues and Concerns Video surveillance products and systems collectively include video cameras, transmission infrastructure, video storage equipment, and command and control software to manage the video surveillance system and imaging functions. The advent of Internet protocol (IP)-based video in the physical electronic security market has supported significant improvements in the quality and effectiveness of surveillance activity and security systems in general. Video-based security systems can provide effective, widespread surveillance more efficiently than methods that depend on deploying personnel, and at a fraction of the cost. Video security systems also produce documentary information that can be used for training or research purposes and, in some cases, as evidence in criminal investigations or other significant events. However, with video surveillance equipment constituting half of all expenditures in the global security marketplace, video quality is a key factor in procurement decisions made by law enforcement departments and safety and security professionals. Poor quality video can impede an effective initial response by safety or security officials, potentially resulting in loss of life or property. Poor quality video can also hamper efforts to reconstruct a security or safety incident in order to determine an actual cause or causes, or can compromise the video s usefulness as evidence in criminal proceedings. Efforts to procure video cameras that produce images of suitable quality for the intended safety and security application can be confusing and technically challenging due to the multitude of video cameras offered in the marketplace, and the significant variety of available camera features and options. Procurement is further complicated by the absence of image quality standards with metrics that would enable objective, quantitative comparisons between seemingly similar video cameras. This can result in the selection of a camera that either exceeds the quality requirements of the intended application or fails to meet them altogether. In either case, procurement resources are not efficiently utilized and the value of a significant financial investment is compromised. UL 2802 Camera Performance Criteria and Testing UL 2802 provides specific criteria for objectively assessing the image quality of individual video camera models. The Standard details a method for assessing image quality using a series of performance-based tests conducted on production camera samples. Since no single number or criterion can provide a reasonably accurate and objective evaluation of a given camera, lens, software, image processor, camera lens housing, electronic components, or any combination of the like critical elements, UL 2802 uses several different quantifiable metrics to assess a video camera s performance. These metrics, along with consistent, documented test methods, eliminate any potential variations in the evaluation of a camera. The following sections detail the specific imaging quality metrics used to assess the image quality performance of a given video camera construction. Image Resolution Image resolution is one of the most important attributes for the quality of an image captured by a video camera. A recorded digital image is comprised of discrete points or cells (i.e., pixels) stored in the relative dimensions of the actual image. Image resolution is a measure of how closely the digital image captured by a camera matches the actual image, which depends on how many pixels can be stored in a fixed dimension. An accurate resolution measurement requires an evaluation of a camera s lens and sensors, as well as its imaging software, and is often presented as line pairs per picture height or LP/PH. The metric is a measure of how many distinguishable alternating colors can be represented in an image. Modulation transfer function (MTF) is a technique used to quantify image resolution in more complex images. MTF corresponds to the spatial frequency of LP/PH, that is, the ability to represent the real object by taking the light intensity and plotting it along imaginary lines traversing the representation of the object. Other mechanisms for measuring distortion are detailed in ISO 12233, Photography -- Electronic still-picture cameras -- Resolution measurements, and in the standard mobile imaging architecture (SMIA) forum specification. UL 2802 uses the same spatial frequency response method for resolution page 3
4 measurement as those found in ISO and SMIA, except that UL 2802 uses a circular edge for consistency (a circular edge reduces test variability caused by the camera and test target tilting). TV Distortion A camera lens captures the light from a three-dimensional object and then translates it into a two-dimensional image. TV distortion quantifies how much the two-dimensional image captured by the video camera deviates geometrically from the actual object. Lens quality can often influence TV distortion, and distortion can be more prevalent when lens are designed primarily to capture wider angles. Figure 1 A: Lower Distortion Figure 1 B: Higher Distortion Relative Illumination Relative illumination measures the ability of a camera lens to effectively capture relative light intensity across the entire dimension of an object, with the center of the light source generally appearing in the brightest light. Relative illumination will be affected by the lens aperture itself, mechanical vignetting or by the camera s pixel size. Figure 2 A: More Relative Illumination Figure 2 B: Less Relative Illumination Dynamic Range A video camera s dynamic range represents the ratio of the minimum and maximum light intensities captured by the camera. The dynamic range scores the differences between the lowest light and the brightest light where a camera can detect changes in light intensity. A video camera intended for surveillance in outdoor settings would typically require a wider dynamic range to capture events under both daylight and nighttime lighting conditions, while a camera with a narrower dynamic range may be sufficient for use in an office setting or predictable lighting environments. UL 2802 uses high power lamps to evaluate this metric. page 4
5 Maximum Frame Rate The maximum frame rate is the fastest rate at which a video camera can continuously capture, record and store an image. Many manufacturers promote the maximum frame rate for their cameras, and buyers typically have some knowledge of the significance of this performance metric. Although a video camera with a higher maximum frame rate is usually preferred (as in cases where a video camera is used to record possible criminal activity or fast-moving objects), it also requires increased processing power, additional storage capacity and greater network bandwidth to transmit the resulting video, as well as software capable of processing and displaying it. Therefore, as a performance metric, the ideal maximum frame rate is dependent on a video camera s intended application and the number of images required to support its intended use. Grey Level An object that is visually captured by a video camera is replicated as a two-dimensional image using the RGB (red, green, blue) color model at each pixel or cell. A camera s image processing software controls these representations to render an image as accurately as possible, regardless of the lighting conditions. The grey level indicates the color increments that can be represented by the camera for different color intensities or variants of color (ranging from no representation of color to full representation of the actual color), and this metric quantifies how well a camera can differentiate subject areas under different illumination levels, or with different reflectance or luminance levels. UL 2802 uses 12 lamps at different radiance levels that allow the grey level test to be uniformly diffused, thereby producing more consistent test results. This is a different approach than that used in ISO 14524, Photography -- Electronic still-picture cameras -- Methods for measuring opto-electronic conversion functions (OECFs), and in the SMIA specification. Sensitivity A video camera s sensitivity score represents the amount of light required by a camera to digitally create an image as realistically as possible. The lower the sensitivity score, the more light that is required to accurately represent an image. A camera s sensitivity score is a helpful metric that can assist in determining the optimal camera location and the best case lighting condition. Bad Pixel Manufacturing defects and failures in the quality assurance process can result in a camera with bad pixels, making a bad pixel count an important factor in video quality. Bad pixels are usually defined as those whose output differ from the average of all pixels by more than 20%, and can include pixels that never change color, or those that are completely different than adjacent pixels or that change intensity over an extended period of use. The pixel size of the camera also is relevant, because the ratio of bad pixels to total pixels can offset the total bad pixel count. Figure 3 A: Orginal Figure 3 B: Bad Pixel page 5
6 Veiling Glare Veiling glare can be caused by stray light scattering into a camera s optical system, reflections within the lens and its container, or as a result of leakage current to adjacent pixels attributable to pixel saturation. The purpose of veiling glare test is to quantify the impact of stray light in a digital video camera optical system. A better quality image is produced by an optical system with negligible stray light impact, while a poor quality image results from an optical system that experiences degradation in contrast and color fidelity. ISO 9358, Optics and optical instruments Veiling glare of image forming systems Definitions and methods of measurement, and the SMIA specification both measure veiling glare differently from UL UL 2802 uses diffused lamps and ambient light in a dark room, effectively quantifying the veiling glare characteristics of the optical system. Other UL 2802 Considerations Unlike other UL Standards that focus on addressing safety concerns, UL 2802 provides guidance for both safety and performance characteristics of cameras. Video cameras evaluated according to the performance criteria of UL 2802 must also comply with the safety requirements found in one of more of other applicable product Standards. These Standards include: UL , the Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Safety Part 1: General Requirements UL 60065, the Standard for Safety of Audio, Video, and Similar Electronic Apparatus Safety Requirements UL , the Standard for Safety of Audio/Video, Information and Communication Technology Equipment Part 1: Safety Requirements UL 2044, the Standard for Safety of Commercial Closed Circuit Television Equipment Video cameras used in outdoor settings must also comply with the safety requirements found in UL , the Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment Safety Part 22: Equipment to be installed Outdoors. page 6
7 Conclusion Video image quality is an increasingly important consideration in selecting video camera technology for public and private safety and security systems. However, assessing image quality is complicated by the range of available video camera options, and the difficulty in objectively assessing the quality required for individual applications. UL 2802 details an approach for assessing camera image quality, and provides video camera manufacturers and users with a performance score that facilitates equipment comparisons. Video cameras tested and certified to UL 2802 ease the process of identifying video technology that meets the requirements of specific applications, enabling more effective comparisons of price and performance. For further information about UL 2802 performance testing and certification of video cameras, contact Louis Chavez, primary designated engineer, at 1 The Physical Security Business in 2012, Memoori Business Intelligence, Ltd., Web. 15 September UL LLC All rights reserved. This paper may not be copied without permission. It is provided for general information purposes only and is not intended to convey legal or other professional advice. page 7
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World-Renowned Guitar Maker Simplifies and Reduces
Telecommunications Costs by Consolidating Data and Voice Services with XO
XO Communications, Inc. (OTCBB:XOCM.OB), one of the nation's leading
providers of broadband telecommunications services, today announced that it has
completed a consolidated data and voice telecommunications solution for Gibson
Guitars, the world-renowned maker of acoustic and electric guitars.
As the primary provider of telecommunications services for Gibson, XO is
providing dedicated and switched long distance voice, local voice, and Dedicated
Internet Access services to fifteen Gibson corporate, divisional and retail
locations across the United States. Gibson expects to be able to simplify its
network operations and save on telecommunications costs by consolidating from
eleven service providers to XO Communications. In addition, at each location XO
was able to increase bandwidth for Internet access while still helping Gibson to
save on its overall telecommunications costs.
"XO's impressive network infrastructure, ability to provide services for all
our locations, and focus on customer service made it the clear choice for us,"
said Matthew Mullins, chief technology officer at Gibson guitar. "By
consolidating from nearly a dozen providers to just XO is helping us to
significantly reduce the costs and complexity of operating our
telecommunications network."
"Gibson is an excellent example of the value XO brings to businesses," said
John Jacquay, president of business market sales, XO Communications. "Businesses
with operations across the country do not have to work with different providers
for local and national services at each of their locations. With our extensive
local networks, XO can cost-effectively deliver the full range of Internet and
voice services on a scale that most service providers cannot match."
About Gibson Guitar
Gibson is known worldwide for producing classic models in every major style
of fretted instrument, including acoustic and electric guitars, mandolins, and
banjos. Founded in 1894 in Kalamazoo, MI, and headquartered in Nashville since
1984, Gibson Guitar Corp.'s family of brands now includes Epiphone, Dobro,
Valley Arts, Kramer, Steinberger, Tobias, Slingerland, Trace Elliot, Maestro,
Baldwin, Ellington, Chickering and Wurlitzer. Visit Gibson's website at www.gibson.com.
About XO Communications
XO Communications is a leading broadband telecommunications services provider
offering a complete set of telecommunications services, including: local and
long distance voice, Internet access, Virtual Private Networking (VPN),
Ethernet, Wavelength, Web Hosting and Integrated voice and data services.
XO has assembled an unrivaled set of facilities-based broadband networks and
Tier One Internet peering relationships in the United States. XO currently
offers facilities-based broadband telecommunications services within and between
more than 70 markets throughout the United States.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Owner Requested Euthanasia
9.15.16: Due to staffing issues, HSNEGA will be unable to offer owner requested euthanasia for the next few months. We understand that the decision to euthanize a beloved pet is extremely difficult, and we regret not being able to assist your family during this time. Below are additional local resources that can provide assistance.
Browns Bridge Animal Hospital
Costs may vary based on size, please contact the number above for more information on pricing.
Hall County Animal Services
Must be Hall County resident with valid driver's license showing Hall County address. Remains will be cremated and not available to return to owner.
The Humane Society of Northeast Georgia provides Owner Requested Euthanasia (ORE) services to the public on a limited basis as appropriate for the pet and pet owner.
To inquire about ORE, please contact HSNEGA's Animal Care Supervisor via email at firstname.lastname@example.com or via phone at 770-532-6617, ext. 226. The Animal Care Supervisor will determine if HSNEGA is able to assist and, if we determine we can help, schedule an appointment for you to bring in your pet. HSNEGA does require a fee for our ORE services; the Animal Care Supervisor will discuss the fee when making your appointment.
Please note that HSNEGA does not have means of disposal for euthanasia remains. Owners should be prepared to take the remains after the procedure unless they would like to make arrangements for a paid cremation through a third party vendor. HSNEGA can make recommendations for cremation services upon request.
HSNEGA also reserves the right to decline to perform euthanasia should we determine that it is truly not in an animals' best interest.


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Joro Olumofin has shared the story of a woman who has been enjoying her marriage for 5 years and still counting. The woman used the medium to encourage other single ladies not to be scared of marriage.
Read her story:
Make Money Online in Nigeria... Click HERE To Start Now!


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Don't ever take your family for granted.Ever. ********** The alarm on my phone beeped to wake me to get ready for Eid prayers. I swiped it to turn it off and noticed litany of messages, as usual. One stuck out at me – my sister in law messaging a group of us to tell us there had been a stampede in the Mina camps, and hundreds of Hajjis had died.Innal lilahi wa inna lilayhi raji'oon. From God we come and to God we return.If you are a believer like me then you believe that those who p … [Read more...]
Eid Mubarak and the Blessings of Family
The Inner Circle of Friends
This was the texting conversation had with a good friend of mine a few days after my family (and a few others) had enjoyed a dinner party at her place: Her- "Oh! And I found Lil D's underpants. They were in the attic."Me - "Ha! He went all the way up there? Embarrassing. You have a bathroom up there?"Her - "Yes we do. Don't worry about it at all. I'll give it to you next time."Me - "Thanks. And I'm sorry about that."Her - "Please, don't even think about it."Me - "That's it – … [Read more...]
Ingratitude in the Face of Gratitude – the Autism Oxymoron
I finally broke at 1:02 a.m. this morning – July 26, on the 17th fast of Ramadan the day before our big trip. The deluge began with this text to one of my best friends:"I am so sad to leave Lil D. Eff autism. Not fasting right now – I can say that, right?"To which my friend replied, "I've been waiting for this text …"And I answered, "Eff eff eff eff eff autism. He should be coming with me. … I should not be leaving my son for a month. … I'm feeling like a bad mom …"And we went bac … [Read more...]
What Autism Can't Take Away From Us – Our Kids
"What do you want for Eid, Mamma?"My daughter posed this question to me this morning as I drove her to her art camp. For once, we were alone in the car, with Lil D having gone to summer school an hour earlier and Hamza having been dropped at his summer camp by his father. Amal and I were enjoying a good mom-daughter conversation, and I was taking the opportunity to tell her how proud I was of her endeavors this Ramadan and her patience with her brothers, grandparents and us.I often dis … [Read more...]


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Communities in McClennan County, Texas, are working together to plan for a new water supply infrastructure that relies less on groundwater from the depleted Trinity Aquifer.
The Architect's Newspaper
Christian McPhate and Ashlea Sigman provide a thorough and insightful read about the environmental impacts of Texas' water management policies, especially along the Brazos River, a drought-stricken water supply that cuts across the state.
The Dallas Morning News
The city of Waco, Texas, imposes limits on new billboards--hoping to reduce its overall inventory with a "cap and replace" strategy.
News 8 Austin
Growth rates in Waco, Texas, have planners concerned that the region won't be able to afford the necessary roads and services the new sprawl will require.
Waco Tribune-Herald

Proposed housing developments in the urban core of Waco, Texas, have given many in the city high hopes for a denser, more vibrant central city.

The Waco Tribune


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If you appreciate a good glass of wine, but are somewhat lost when it comes to anything wine-related other than how your tastebuds are reacting to the current glass in your hand, there's a great article from Sunset Magazine that is definitely worth checking out. In "Taste Wine Like a Pro ", Sunset wine editor Sara Schneider offers invaluable insight on things like how to pick wine out at a supermarket, how to store wine if you don't have a cellar, and "what are legs ?". Haven't the foggiest idea? Click here to find out !
Speaking of wine…wine tasting parties are always a fun excuse to entertain – and great activity ideas for holiday or bachelorette/girls' night parties. Throwing a wine tasting party is easier than ever these days – with ready-made wine tasting kits you can have delivered straight to your door. For example, this "Tasting Party Time " set from mywinesdirect.com comes complete with six wines, a fun how-to guide, 22 tasting mats, and 6 bottle wrappers:
Looking for a yummy signature drink recipe that's fun for everyone? Virgin daiquiris and fruit smoothies are great options for get-togethers such as baby showers, kids parties, brunches, spa parties, or anytime you want to offer guests a festive beverage, sans the alcohol. Serve the drinks in fun glasses, garnish them just like a cocktail, and they'll look just as great as the "real thing" – but cost a lot less! Click below for the full recipes on hwtm.com:
- Virgin Strawberry Daiquiri
- Banana Smoothie
(I love the idea of serving these at a monkey-themed baby shower!)
Domino magazine has a great article on their website called "5 steps to a foolproof fete ". These easy-to-follow hosting tips include:
Serve a house cocktail
(a.k.a. a "signature drink" that coordinates with your theme)
Make your place smell fabulous
(using fragrant candles in key places)
Get the light right
(Avoid harsh lighting and go for a soft glow. Set out tons of unscented votives for pretty mood lighting.)
Edit your playlist
(Compile a great mix of tunes for your bash that will keep the party going.)
Serve just enough food
(Finger food and snacks that are easy to munch on will help to keep guests going strong at a drinks party.
Click here to check out the full article with detailed info & images.
(I'm also seriously loving the hot pink, asian-inspired tabletop pictured above!)


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2 Min Read
OTTAWA (Reuters) - Finance Minister Jim Flaherty said on Tuesday Suncor Energy's proposed takeover of Petro-Canada is an important deal for Canada and for the oil patch.
Flaherty, speaking to CTV television, said it was a "good thing" that regulators were reviewing the deal to ensure fair competition in the oil industry, but added that, "We believe in investment as well in this country. We want to grow this economy."
Suncor has agreed to acquire Petro-Canada for C$18.43 billion ($14.9 billion) to create Canada's largest oil company.
"It has to be reviewed by the Competition Bureau and its quasi-judicial function will deal with that," Flaherty said.
"It's important for Canada overall and for development of the oil patch."
Flaherty also has a role in approving the deal because his ministry is responsible for legislation affecting the formerly state-owned Petro-Canada that prohibited anyone from holding more than 20 percent of the company.
Ron Brenneman, Petro-Canada's chief executive, said on Monday that because of the structure of the agreement, he expected the existing legislation will now apply to the new company, which will retain the Suncor name.
Flaherty did not comment on that aspect of the deal.
($1=$1.23 Canadian)
Reporting by Louise Egan, Editing by Chizu Nomiyama


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The air-conditioned hotel, located directly on the beach, offers guests a choice of different room types, including luxury rooms, with magnificent views of the Mediterranean Sea and the mountains. The hotel was built in 2009 and offers exceptional hospitality in its 194 rooms. Facilities include a lobby, 24-hour reception and check-out service, hotel safe, currency exchange facilities, lift access, children's playground, conference facilities and a car park. For dining and drinks, guests can enjoy the on-site caf�, bar, pub and restaurant. For an additional fee, guests can make use of the room and laundry services.
This city hotel is located on the most beautiful and longest beach in Antalya, the 8-kilometre-long Konyaalti Beach. The city centre can be reached in approximately 10 minutes via public transport. There are also numerous historical and leisure destinations nearby. Antalya Airport is 30 km away.
The en suite rooms and suites each come with shower, bath and hairdryer, as well as a double or king-size bed. Further amenities include direct dial telephone, satellite/cable TV, radio, Internet access, a safe, a minibar, tea and coffee making facilities, an ironing set, a balcony or terrace and individually regulated air conditioning and heating.
The hotel has a broad selection of leisure facilities on offer, including sun loungers and parasols on the beach and by the pools, outdoor and indoor swimming pools, a poolside snack bar and a gym. There are also two spa centres with Turkish baths, offering a variety of massages and beauty treatments (some for a fee), a hot tub, a sauna and a steam room.
Breakfast is served in buffet style, and both lunch and dinner are available � la carte.
American Express, MasterCard and VISA are accepted in this establishment.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
Internet access
Tea Coffee
Iron and board
Double bed
King size bed
Individual airconditioned
Individual heating
Wheelchair accessible
Disabled bathroom


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I recently asked on the Seomra Ranga Facebook Page for suggestions of classroom songs/rhymes to the tune of "Frere Jacques". I got plenty of suggestions from teachers. I also came across some others on the internet. These are the ones that we gathered in English. There is also another set as Gaeilge. If you have any other rhymes that you wish to add, please post the words as a comment in the section below. You can choose to download the Powerpoint file, or simply view them in the embedded Slideshare below.
(.ppt file 104KB)
View more presentations from Seomra Ranga on Slideshare.


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It has been 1 week and 5 days and its still there...any recommendations on how to get it to go down quicker? Also, does stress cause these things to stay longer, bc it really has affected my every day life :( Im only 26 and dont want breast cancer. I keep reading things that say painless lumps are more chances of it becoming cancer. I love this website and will definitley reccomend it to others but just wanted to stop stressing. I just got married and moved from another state so wanted to see if its related to stress? Thank you so much and God Bless!READ MORE
How long does it take for lymph nodes to go down?
This question has not been answered by one of our experts yet.
Stress is most definitely a factor in every aspect of your body. Also infections of any kind can be the culprit. Have you been sick with just a minor cold recently or even had something more serious recently? Antibiotics could help reduce the size back to normal if it swelled due to infection. Lymph nodes not only transports nutrients through the body but they also collect bacteria and waste. You can read an article here. Some people also just have larger lymph nodes than the average person. I know this as my mom went through extensive testing for 2 years before her doctor concluded that she just had larger nodes than most. Hers fluciuated from large to extra large. Her doctor was concerned that she might have had one of the cancers associated with lymph nodes, but her results were always negative. There are so many factors as to why your nodes could be swollen. I would reccomend monitoring it and speaking with your doctor to find out at what point he/she would like to follow up about it. Your doctor can perform many different diagnostic tests - don't be afraid to push for further answers should you not feel satisfied.
Good luck!
AngiREAD MOREYou should know Answers to your question are meant to provide general health information but should not replace medical advice you receive from a doctor. No answers should be viewed as a diagnosis or recommended treatment for a condition. Content posted by community members does not necessarily reflect the views of Remedy Health Media, which also reserves the right to remove material deemed inappropriate.DISPLAY TEXTLINK URL


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Admire the most beautiful places of Isola del Gran Sasso of Italy and add them to your basket. YAMGU will create your trip considering distances, opening hours and weather.
Built on a hill by the river Mavone, in the homonymous valley, surrounded by trees, the church of Saint John was probably founded in the XII century, along with the Benedictine monastery adjoining it, whose ruins bear evidence of its original big size. The façade, adjusted later when the belfry was added, is made of white local stone blocks; the portal, surmounted by a round window, is decorated with spirals and floral reliefs and has mullioned windows with two lights on the sides. It is one of the first examples of the typology characterized by a horizontal coping with hanging arches, which w
Situated inside the new basilica of Saint Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows, one of the most frequented pilgrimage destination in the world, the Stauros ("cross") Museum was inaugurated in 1994 in order to collect the art-work displayed at the International Biannual Exhibition of Sacred Art. It was established on the initiative of the "Stauros International Association", founded in 1973 with the purpose of reviving the connection between Christian world and contemporary art. The museum consists of three halls, which puts on display the works that took part to the past Biannual Exhibitions and to
Millions of pilgrims visit St. Gabriel's shrine in Isola del Gran Sasso each year to see the saint's burial place and the monastic house in which he lived out his final years. The sanctuary, composed of two basilicas, rises upon the remaining of a previous Franciscan convent, built - according to tradition - by Saint Francis himself during his passage through the Abruzzi. The cloister of the ancient convent has recently been restored and brought to light precious frescoes representing the saint's history. The portal of the Franciscan church, dated 1590, was restored at the beginning of the twe


text:
SmartDraw is the easiest way to make a flowchart. You start by picking one of the flow chart templates included and add steps in just a few clicks.
Our software aligns everything automatically so you don't have to worry about formatting, rearranging, or reconnecting steps.
SmartDraw provides professionally-designed themes and high quality symbols for presentation-quality every time.
SmartDraw's flowchart software integrates easily with tools you already use. With just a click, you can send your flowchart directly to Word®, Excel®, PowerPoint®*, or Outlook®. Or save your flow chart to Dropbox®, Google Drive™, or OneDrive®.
SmartDraw Enterprise also fully integrates with Microsoft Sharepoint®. You can publish a file to your SharePoint® server with just one click. You can also browse the SharePoint® server and check documents in and out from within SmartDraw.
*Full PowerPoint® and SharePoint® integration is only available in the Enterprise edition for Windows.
A flowchart uses shapes connected by lines to show the steps in a process. By visualizing the process, a flowchart can quickly help identify bottlenecks or inefficiencies where the process can be streamlined or improved.
A flowchart template in SmartDraw helps you make flowcharts by docking the right flowchart symbol library and flowchart tools at your fingertips.
When you start with a template, you'll be able to add a process step in just a click or create a decision point just as easily.
Discover why SmartDraw is the best flowchart maker.
©1994-2017 SmartDraw, LLC


text:
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Please upgrade it to new version or other new version browser.
LA International Social Connection
Stay in touch with the latest job information, events and related news by connecting to LA International through our social tools.
LA International login - page links
LA International Computer Consultants Ltd.
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Registered in England at the above HQ No. 01633646
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The shutter screen arrived today nicely packed and--oh the joy--fully assembled! The second delight is that the screen looks much nicer than the photos on the site illustrate . The clever toggle buttons toward the top are easy-to-use and different. If the tan nylon cords controlling the shutter feature hold up, this is going to be both a practical and rather lovely addition to my home. The value was first rated Excellent, but moved to Good as closer inspection showed the toggle button openings not to be finished on the inside plus the top slat has tan metal pieces holding the cords. Otherwise this looks like a nice piece of furniture to me with lovely wood grain, nice staining, good craftsmanship, and good aesthetics, even better than expected from China. I am impressed.Read More
Wooden 5-foot Shutter Screen (China)
Today: $193.00


text:
Find a copy in the library
Finding libraries that hold this item...
|Additional Physical Format:
|Online version:
Berbineau, Lorenza Stevens.
From Beacon Hill to the Crystal Palace.
Iowa City : University of Iowa Press, ©2002
|Named Person:
|Lorenza Stevens Berbineau; Lowell family.; Lowell (Family); Lorenza Stevens Berbineau; Lowell family.
|Material Type:
|Internet resource
|Document Type:
|Book, Internet Resource
|All Authors / Contributors:
Lorenza Stevens Berbineau; Karen L Kilcup
|0877457948 9780877457947
|OCLC Number:
|x, 148 pages ; 24 cm
|Acknowledgments --
Note on the diary and the text --
Introduction. A working-class woman's view of Europe --
The diary. "We are haveing a pleasent time" (The Voyage Out) ; "A beautifull prospect" (Enjoying England) ; "Every body seems happy & independent" (To paris and beyond) ; "The bells are chimeing among the mountains" (Switzerland and Italy) ; "All the liveing is very good indeed" (Germany and Holland) ; "Every body seems happy and gay" (Belgium and the return to Paris) ; "I sat for a long time wraped up in thoughts" (The return home) --
Afterword --
Notes to the diary.
|by Lorenza Stevens Berbineau ; edited by Karen L. Kilcup.
|More information:
Publisher Synopsis
An extraordinary recovered text. . . . Kilcup brings Lorenza Berbineau before readers as a woman, domestic servant, traveler, and diarist, thereby advancing our understanding of all four variables inRead more...
Similar Items
Related Subjects:(12)
- Europe -- Description and travel.
- Berbineau, Lorenza Stevens -- Diaries.
- Lowell family.
- Working class women -- Massachusetts -- Boston -- Diaries.
- Women travelers -- Europe -- History -- 19th century.
- Lowell (Family)
- Berbineau, Lorenza Stevens.
- Travel.
- Women travelers.
- Working class women.
- Europe.
- Massachusetts -- Boston.
User lists with this item (1)
- 5. American Women's Letters & Diaries, 1840-1859(95 items)
by kmiddlet updated 2008-09-24


text:
Hospitalists, or inpatient specialists, are physicians who specialize in the care of hospitalized patients. A hospitalist works at the hospital full time, providing you with the kind of personalized, one-on-one care that you would normally get from your primary care physician.
All of our Mease Countryside, Mease Dunedin, and Morton Plant North Bay hospitalists are highly trained and board certified in Internal Medicine. Because the hospital is in their home base, your hospitalist is familiar with the specialists, staff and technicians who will participate in your treatment, making for seamless communication and coordination of care.
Your hospitalist will see you every day, and more often if necessary. You will be closely monitored during your hospitalization, and your hospitalist will be accessible in the event of an emergency. Your hospitalist is able to stay in close touch with you and your family and coordinate care with consulting specialists. They will strive to answer all questions honestly, considerately and in plain language.
When you are admitted to a Morton Plant North Bay or a Mease hospital, your primary care physician will inform the hospitalist of your condition and share your records and other relevant information. While in the hospital, your hospitalist will communicate frequently with and act on behalf of your primary care physician. They will work together to develop a treatment plan for you and a plan for your discharge. The hospitalist will contact your primary care physician to ensure a smooth transition of care after you are discharged from the hospital. This includes any necessary follow-up care and any medications you need to take.
Click on a link below to learn more about our Hospitalists.
Mease Hospitalists: Mease Countryside and Dunedin Hospitals


text: It doesn't really feel like it's got anything to do with me. I mean, I know I wrote it, and all that and invented the characters and made it up, but it's Mike's film, so doing the press and stuff, it feels a little bit inauthentic. I was just one component of it.


text:
Go to Admin » Appearance » Widgets » and move Gabfire Widget: Social into that MastheadOverlay zone
Google has released a tool that lets Android apps run on any machine that can run its Chrome browser.
Called Arc Welder, the tool acts as a wrapper around Android apps so they can run on Windows, OSX and Linux machines. The software expands the places that Android apps can run and aims to make it easier for developers to get code working on different machines.
Arc Welder has also added support for many Google Play services so when apps are converted they do not lose access to payment systems, maps and other functions they expect.
Google said the underlying technology for Arc Welder meant converted apps should run almost as quickly as they did on a phone or tablet.
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Call our experts: 888.808.FINE
Shop Personalized StationeryCarlson Craft Wedding Invitations Customize any Address Stamp to match your style!
Select a quantity and printing method. Changes are easily made later.
This round sticker features hand-painted, vintage roses. The bottom half of the sticker is aqua and the entire sticker is accented with pink polka dots.


text:
About the Book
Shared Earth Photography is owned and run by Mike Batty, a freelance photographer who is passionate about capturing a wide range of photographic subjects.
Established in 2008, Shared Earth Photography boasts a continually expanding
portfolio of diverse subjects from wildlife to cityscapes.
Now some of the very best examples of Mike Batty's work have been brought together in book form to share his visions through these pages.
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Cough Up the Money: A Prescription for Regulating Russian Organized Crime Out of U. S. Health Care
Pilkerton, Christopher M.
Bibliographic Citation
Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy 1999 Spring; 15(2):631-672
Permanent LinkFind in a Library
MetadataShow full item record
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Health Care: How the American System Got So Sick, and How to Cure It (Reviews of Critical Condition: How Health Care in America Became Big Business and Bad Medicine by Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele; Powerful Medicines:The Benefits, Risk, and Costs of Prescription Drugs by Jerry Avorn; the $800 Million Pill: The Truth Behind the Cost of New Drugs by Merrill Goozner) Kassirer, Jerome P. (2004-11-07)
Caught in the "Traps of Managed Competition"? -- Examples of Russian Health Care Reforms From St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region Curtis, Sarah; Petukhova, Natasha; Sezonova, Galina; Netsenko, Nadia (1997)


text:
While designing micro country gardens does have a number of of its own privileged challenges, the chance for creativity is increased inwardly these squat spaces. It is practical to invent more than vibes and impinging next to smaller number.
And while most ethnic group do a serious job of creating splendiferous gardens inside snowbound areas, balconies, rooftops, and courtyards, the maximum goad is still in making petite gardens be aware of larger than they genuinely are.
Because supreme midget gardens are encircled by boundaries, plumb surfaces, and can by and large be viewed in a azygos glance, they have a predisposition to surface confined, bordered in, and...small. So some designers use a few techniques and "tricks" to discover an image of more than opportunity. Try one or more than of these planning if you're challenged by a confined section.Post ads:
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Screen ugly boundaries and frozen straight surfaces with flowers or structures. Not single does this secrete the element, but can likewise make the mirage that there's more further than and not basically your neighbors divider or yard. Try to hair unconcealed boundaries.
If your garden is stormbound by walls, the colour of your walls can if truth be told have one impinging on how voluminous your patch feels. Darker colors unsocial have more understanding. When used aft planting schemes, they mixture and back spawn the edge be camouflaged. Overall, darker color atmospheric condition support discover more wisdom in confining areas.
Adding curves to your walkways, spray beds, walls, etc. can provide the hallucination of much spatial arrangement and be carried. The human eye can observe that in attendance in actuality is more shyness caught up and so the be bothered interprets the very populated extent as woman greater.Post ads:
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If you have intact tight corners, clear biddable use of them. An portico or approach into a recess that other goes obscurity is a pleasant component and possibility to framing a central factor in the cranny. It likewise creates the image of something more ancient history.
Creating levels can pass the vision of more span. It creates upright apparent and appears to compose even more than swimming phony. If your level borough is limited, other clean fractious corners are a marvellous leave to add a second height angiosperm bed or item.
A bitty creativity can even sign up the use of mirrors. Think in the region of it. A reflector or two located in the spot on floater could actually net a garden seem two times as sizeable as it genuinely is.
I hope this helps.


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Detailing the cases where it breached prudential limits for single-borrower exposure during the fiscal ended 31 March 2011, SBI has named RIL as also public sector majors IOC and BHEL as three such borrowers in its annual report
New Delhi: State Bank of India (SBI), the country's largest bank, has breached the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) credit exposure norms during three consecutive years with regard to its loans provided to Mukesh Ambani-led Reliance Industries (RIL), reports PTI.
The public sector lender, which also has significant exposures to troubled Air India besides certain telecom firms being probed in relation to the second generation (2G) spectrum allocation scam, has now disclosed that its credit to RIL was in excess of the limits prescribed under the RBI's prudential credit norms.
Detailing the cases where it breached prudential limits for single-borrower exposure during the fiscal ended 31 March 2011, SBI has named RIL as also public sector majors Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) and BHEL as three such borrowers in its annual report.
This is the third straight year when SBI has exceeded the single-borrower ceiling with regard to RIL, as per the bank's annual reports for the past three financial years.
However, the bank brought down its exposure to RIL within the limit on the last date of the previous fiscal, i.e. 31 March 2011, according to the SBI annual report.
The public sector lender had provided credit in excess of prudential norms to RIL during 2009-10 and 2008-09 also.
During the year 2009-10, the bank's credit exposure was in excess of prudential limits for RIL, IOC, BHEL and the Tata Group.
Prior to that, SBI exceeded prudential credit limits during 2008-09 with regard to its exposure to RIL and IOC.
As per RBI guidelines, the exposure ceiling limits are 15% of capital funds in case of a single borrower and 40% of capital funds in the case of a borrower group.
However, the credit exposure to a single borrower can go up to 20%, if the additional 5% exposure is on account of extension of credit to infrastructure projects.
Similarly, the credit exposure to borrowers belonging to a group may go up to 50%, if the additional 10% exposure is for credit to infrastructure projects.
The bank's exposure to telecom companies recently came under criticism as some of these companies are facing probes in connection with the 2G scam involving alleged breach of regulations in allotment of licenses.
In an analyst conference after the bank's full-year results for 2010-11, SBI disclosed that its exposure to telecom companies was Rs22,600 crore (3% of its loan book), while exposure to telecom companies under investigation was Rs1500 crore.
Besides, its exposure to airline companies, including troubled Air India was Rs4,500 crore.
The bank also disclosed a total exposure of Rs1,00,000 crore in the infrastructure sector, including Rs30,000 crore to the power sector.
With regard to single-borrower exposure limit exceeded in 2010-11, SBI said in its annual report, that its credit to RIL breached the prudential ceiling on three occasions during the year-between April and July 2010, from August to October 2010 and from November 2010 to February 2011.
Between April and July 2010, SBI's exposure to RIL was Rs15,815.48 crore, as against a ceiling of Rs13,646.26 crore, while the exposures exceeded the respective limits by well over Rs1,000 crore on two other occasions also.
The outstanding exposure to RIL as on 31 March 2011 stood at Rs5,645.44 crore, which was within the limits.
For IOC and BHEL also, the credit exposure exceeded the ceiling on three occasions during 2010-11.
During the year 2009-10, the credit exposure exceeded the prudential ceilings on three occasions each for IOC, RIL and BHEL, while the exposure was in excess of the limit for the Tata Group on two occasions.
For 2008-09 also, the credit exposure was in excess of the permitted level on three occasions for both RIL and IOC.
The leading ethnic Indian food company is banking on the changing trend in the country for quick growth, besides keeping an eye open for more acquisitions to expand its business
ADF Foods, the leading ethnic Indian food company, says it's looking for more global acquisitions to expand. The company, which specialises in pickles, chutneys, canned and frozen foods, says that a growing middle class and an increasing acceptance of packaged food in India and abroad is helping the company grow. ADF Foods has a global presence and a large part of its revenues comes from exports. The company has made a re-entry in the Indian market and is hopeful of earning about 40% of its revenues from the domestic market in five years. In an interview with Moneylife, Bimal Thakkar, managing director, ADF Foods Ltd, discussed the company's performance and its plans. Edited excerpts:
Moneylife (ML): What, according to you, are the key trends in the ethnic food market in India and globally? And what is the outlook for the packaged food industry in India?
Bimal Thakkar (BT): Both these markets are totally different, even though they have similar consumers. In India, there is availability of freshly cooked food and domestic help, so the requirements of Indians compared to that of the people abroad are totally different. There they don't have domestic help or time to cook, so they easily accept packaged food. This is also happening in India. Here, organised retail is growing. There are more nuclear families. They have more exposure to the West and all these factors are key factors for the acceptance of canned or packaged food. Overall, the mental block that "packaged food is not good for you" is going off and the packaged food industry is catching up in India.
ML: Your product "ADF Soul" a distinctive pickle made in virgin olive oil, was launched in Pune and Mumbai. According to reports, you are planning to launch it pan-India. How has this product been accepted?
BT: We were a little apprehensive about launching this product in India, as we were not sure if the Indian consumer is ready to pay the premium for it. But we found that the consumer doesn't mind spending extra on a healthy product, as olive oil is good for health. Also, the premiums we are charging are not very high. In fact, we are selling more products of ADF Soul than traditional Indian pickles.
ML: There is a lot of competition in the domestic pickle market. And now you have made an entry in this market. How do you position yourself, given the competition and changing Indian mindset?
BT: Our products are always value for money. Certain niche products, like the olive product, will be sold at premium prices. For the rest we are at par with competitors in terms of pricing, quality.
ML: There has been a dip in mango production this year. Has that affected the production especially of chutneys and pickles?
BT: Luckily, we have been able to source our requirement, both for exports as well as for the domestic market. But our costs have gone up. We will try to balance out and not burden the consumers with price increases. But some amount will be increased in the near future.
ML: ADF Foods recently acquired US-based Elena's Food Specialities, Inc. How has that helped the company in terms of business and positioning in the global market?
BT: The rationale for the Elena acquisition was three-fold. One, it helped us to diversify our range of products into the complimentary range. So here we got into the Mexican food range. Second, we moved up the value chain where we got closer to the customer and to the distribution and sales chain, through which we will now put our Indian products. Third, we have our manufacturing facilities in the US, which is approved by the US Department of Agriculture. This will give us the ability to make meat products in the US.
ML: Since you have made a re-entry in the Indian market, what kind of domestic markets are you planning to tap?
BT: At the moment, our product range is mainly for the urban market, which will also be for the metros and mini-metros having one million-plus population.
ML: And the rural market?
BT: Yes, once we tap these markets, we will put our products in the rural markets as well.
ML: More than 90% revenues are from exports and businesses from global markets. Will this sustain?
BT: Yes, that will continue to grow. But India, in five years, should contribute around 40% of our revenues.
ML: The net profit of the company went up by 104% in the fourth quarter. Despite rising input costs, the company managed to maintain the margins. What will be the strategy going forward? Are you planning any new product launch, or expansion?
BT: The integration of Elena has helped us to grow. In India, we will see growth because it is a totally new market for us. And we are actively looking out for acquisition of foreign companies. We still have a lot of cash on our books.
India, the world's second-biggest producer of wheat, is expected to harvest a record 84.27 million tonne of wheat this year. China, with more than 100 million tonne of output, is the largest wheat producing country in the world
New Delhi: The International Grains Council (IGC) has lowered its global wheat production forecast for 2011-12 to 667 million tonne as crop prospects in countries like the US are not bright due to unfavourable weather, reports PTI.
Earlier, in April, the London-based organisation had pegged global wheat output at 672 million tonne this year. The wheat production forecast for the current year is still higher than the 649 million tonne output last year.
"The outlook for 2011-12 wheat crop has been affected by unfavourable weather in a number of countries, especially in the EU and US, and the forecast of global production is therefore reduced by 5 million tonne to 667 million tonne," the IGC said in its latest Grains Report.
Global wheat demand is expected to touch a new record of 669 million tonne this year, it said.
"Use (of wheat) for ethanol is growing less quickly than expected, including in the EU, while greater use of alternative feeds, including barley, is expected to cut the feeding of wheat in Russia," the report said.
Global wheat trade is still forecast to expand by five million tonne, mainly in North Africa, Near East Asia and the EU, it noted.
India, the world's second-biggest producer of wheat, is expected to harvest a record 84.27 million tonne of wheat this year, according to government data. China, with more than 100 million tonne of output, is the largest wheat producing country in the world.
With respect to global maize production, the global body said that increased planting and higher yields are expected to result in a record output of 848 million tonne in 2011-12, as against 812 million tonne last year.
Larger crops in some countries, including the EU and Indonesia, are expected to limit global maize trade to 92.5 million tonne, down by 1.5% from the previous year, it said.


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Kenneth II was the King of Scotland from 971 to 995, Prince Malcolm's older brother, and Princess Katharine's uncle.
Kenneth was the second son of King Maol Chalvim I, half-brother to Duff and Prince Malcolm both. He shared Duff's fortunes loyally in their struggles with Indulf and his son Culen over the Scottish throne from 954 until 967, when Duff was slain in battle against Culen and Kenneth and his family had to flee to England and enter exile there. Four years later, however, with the aid of the Wyvern gargoyles, Kenneth returned to Scotland, overthrew Culen, and became King. ("Once Upon a Time There Were Three Brothers...")
Kenneth reigned until 995. In his old age, he began to dote on the Lady [[Finella__, who did not return his feelings for her. Constantine, the ambitious son of Culen, took advantage of this to dupe Finella into holding a secret meeting with him in the drying-house, where she could tell him in private that she wished to marry Constantine instead of him. When Kenneth entered, Constantine took him by surprise and murdered him. ("Avalon")
Kenneth had one son, Maol Chalvim, who later on became King of Scotland as Maol Chalvim II from 1005 to 1034.


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The barefoot running conversation
Posted by Running Sandals | Posted on 30-07-2011| Posted in
Vibrams – $100
Invisible Shoes Kit – $24.95
This video – PRICELESS!
Vibrams – $100
Invisible Shoes Kit – $24.95
This video – PRICELESS!
Many people wear the Vibram Five Fingers shoe for minimalist running… how does it stack up against the huarache running sandal?
Well, this video has some of my thoughts about the two.
Barefoot running is becoming more popular every day.
And, with the growing number of people throwing away their shoes comes… shoes!
Barefoot shoes, that is.
Chris McDougall's book, Born To Run, featured the Vibram Five Fingers shoes (sort of like a glove for your feet) as well as the low-tech, traditional Mexican huaraches, which the Tarahumara Indians would sometimes make by cutting a strip of rubber off of an old tire and lacing it to their feet.
The Invisible Shoes huaraches are a hi-tech update, made with a 4mm Vibram Cherry sole, which gives great protection from debris and dangers, and the most barefoot-like feel you can possibly get (short of just gluing the sole to your foot).
Comparing the Vibram Five Fingers to the Invisible Shoes huaraches is a bit tricky. Obviously people will have individual preferences.
Nonetheless, some comparisons are obvious:
The Invisible Shoes are more minimalist.
They're much lighter.
The soles on Invisible shoes are even more flexible and give a more barefoot feel.
Invisible shoes are easy to slip on and off, even if your feet are swollen or sweaty.
They're less expensive.
There's no fabric to tear.
FFs give more protection to the fronts and sides of your toes (though, I've never had a problem while wearing my huaraches).
Invisible Shoes will fit any foot since they're made just for you (whether you DIY or buy custom shoes) whereas some people find the toes on FF have either too much or not enough room for their particular toe shape.
You can get them (FFs have been sold out in a lot of places).
You can wear Invisible Shoes without people thinking you're a monkey-boy (or girl).
I know I can sound biased, and I have no doubt some people will comment about why FFs are better than huaraches. But the bottom line is that whatever works for you, depending on your situation and desires.


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Karachi, Nov 12 (ANI): Following the dramatic turn of events involving Pakistani wicketkeeper Zulqarnain Haider, the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman has finally spoken to him, and assured him of full assistance and cooperation by the board.
Haider said that PCB chief Ijaz Butt had spoken to him on the telephone to find out the circumstances surrounding his sudden departure from the team hotel in Dubai, the Daily Times reported.
"I explained everything to him. I told him I was genuinely concerned about the threats given to me for not getting involved in any racket to fix matches in the one-day series against South Africa," Haider told TV channels on Thursday.
"I have told the PCB chairman everything and he has assured me that the board will provide me all assistance and cooperation," the troubled cricketer added.
The 24-year-old player said that he had applied for asylum in Britain after much thought. "I am not stupid that I should give up my promising cricket career and leave my country to come to London. I did it for a reason and I feel safe in London," he said.
He also revealed that he had handed over two letters delivered to his room in Dubai to the International Cricket Council's Anti-Corruption Unit (ACU).
Haider said that he had no immediate plans to return to Pakistan as he feared for his life.
"When a prime minister like Benazir Bhutto could not be safe in Pakistan I am just an ordinary cricketer," he said, referring to Bhutto's assassination in Rawalpindi in 2007.
Haider also said that he was happy that the ACU and British Border and Home officials were cooperating with him. "I will not hold anything back from them," he added.
Meanwhile, Pakistan's High Commissioner in the United Kingdom, Wajid Shamsul Hasan, met Haider on Thursday, and told reporters that he had listened to the player, and that the embassy would provide legal assistance if required.