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Triglycerides in the fat cells get hydrolyzed and flout apart emotional the sebaceous acids and the alcohol molecule into the humour. The oleaginous acids movement via the liquid body substance in the veins for the duration of more of the systemic travel set of laws where on earth they yet make the bosom. They afterwards journey in the blood to the lungs where the liquid body substance gets oxygenated and consequently roam stern to the suspicion.
The fatty acids next travel via the blood in the arteries wherever they in time manage the mitochondria of the muscles. The fatty acids are afterwards activated in the mitochondrial array after which they are change to untie their activeness in the Krebs interval.Post ads:
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At first glance, the Denver Broncos Week 17 finale against the Oakland Raiders appears as meaningless and arbitrary as if it were played in the middle of August. The Broncos are 8-7, out of the playoffs for the first time since 2010, and the Raiders have already locked up a trip to the postseason, despite losing their MVP-caliber starting quarterback, Derek Carr.
http://www.scout.com/nfl/broncos/story/1681565-5-reasons-you-should-go-p... The thing about the NFL, however, is that there's really always something to play for. It may not be as obvious or as tangible as a spot in the playoffs, but there's something motivating every hand-fighting battle in the trenches or brave trip across the middle of the secondary.
Lasting Impressions
Ask nose tackle Kyle Peko, who was just called up from the practice squad for the first time in his career, if this game means anything. I have a feeling I know what he would say.
For a lot of these guys who are constantly lingering on the fringes of the roster, there's no such thing as a meaningless snap, let alone game. Every time they step on the field, their every move is immortalized on game film and becomes a part of their football portfolio as they compete every day to stick around on a roster and put food on their table.
And there will be a lot of these guys that get chances on Sunday. Guys like Peko, Henry Krieger-Coble, Kalif Raymond, Taurean Nixon, Zaire Anderson and Cody Latimer will not be taking this game lightly, playoff implications or not.
http://www.scout.com/nfl/broncos/story/1741484-denver-broncos-2017-there... There's also the small matter of the quarterback position. Trevor Siemian will start, but Gary Kubiak has stated that Paxton Lynch will also play at some point. Neither guy is going to win next year's starting job on Sunday, but a nice performance could give one of them an upper hand heading into the offseason.
As for the entrenched starters and superstars, I can't blame them or the coaches if they choose to sit them or play them either way. A lot was made when Christian McCaffrey chose to sit out the Sun Bowl and get a jump start on the draft process, and that appeared to be at least somewhat justified when his quarterback, Keller Chryst, tore his ACL on the harsh turf in San Antonio.
Matt Paradis will undergo multiple hip surgeries in the offseason. If he only played a few series and then came out, it would be entirely understandable. But after not taking a play off in the last two years, something tells me he's not starting now.
Send Them off Right
Not everybody can end their career riding off into the sunset after a Super Bowl victory like John Elway or Peyton Manning, but it's worth something if players can end things on the right note.
Keep in mind, there's no one officially on their way out in Denver. And, of course, I'm referring to two pretty important figureheads on the defense, DeMarcus Ware and Wade Phillips.
Ware may be suiting up, at least in orange and blue, for the last time and Phillips' contract leaves things up in the air as to whether he will be back next season. Not to mention all the speculation (that being the key word) in the Denver media that Gary Kubiak is preparing to retire for heath-related reasons.
They might all be back, or they might all be gone after Sunday. If it happens to be the latter, it would be more than nice to send them off with a victory at home in front of the 70,000-plus cheering faithful.
It may not be Elway or Manning, but it's always better to end a career with a win than a loss.
Pride, what an abstract concept. It can be applied to a few different things in this situation.
Five Hot Threads On The MHH ForumsKubiak Has Lost The Locker Room What's Denver's Plan For The Future? Where Broncos Sit In Draft Order What Happened After The Bye? Troy Calhoun For OC?
First of all, most NFL players take pride in their work and want to honor their six-to-eight figure annual salaries by playing hard on every snap and approaching every game with intensity.
The Broncos, as a whole, can also take pride in their role as the spoiler. The Raiders are playing to win the AFC West on Sunday. If the Kansas City Chiefs win in San Diego, then an Oakland win is the difference between going on the road in the Wild Card Round and getting an extra week off and waiting for one of the bottom four seeds to come to them in the Divisional Round.
And don't get me wrong, no one likes the Chiefs, but they're not the Raiders. Although, it would be somewhat beautiful to see Darth Vader with his spiked shoulder pads staring blankly into the abyss of the offseason after a home playoff loss at the Coliseum. I'm conflicted.
Finally, there's pride in finishing the year with a winning record. It's not much, but 9-7 feels a lot better than 8-8. It's a better jumping-off point into the offseason to know that you won more games than you lost, even if you started 4-0 and went 5-7 in the next 12 to find yourself at that final record.
Oh, and does anyone want to spend the offseason hearing Raiders fans bragging about how "durr, we swept the Donkeys" as they pass you on the sidewalk in their faded no. 18 Randy Moss jersey to go meet with their parole officer, Seymour? Me neither.
To get instant Broncos notifications, download the NEW Scout mobile app for iOS HERE!
Will Keys is an Editor for Mile High Huddle. You can find him on Twitter @WillKeys6.
Follow Mile High Huddle on Twitter @MileHighHuddle and on Facebook.null


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In vitro. Paper. Sarmento da. 1 Campus Ciências. in milk. The. samples of. present. used in the. synergism g/ml. with propolis were
- Aldous Anthony
- 2 years ago
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1 Vol. 9(1), pp. 1-5, 7 January, 2015 DOI: /AJMR Article Number: D49989 ISSN Copyright 2015 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article African Journal of Microbiology Research Full Length Research Paper In vitro activity of propol is: Synergism in combination with antibiotics against Staphylococcus spp. 2 C Wellington Erasmo de Lima Silva 1, Wilson Duarte Ferrari Junior 1, Patrícia Ramos da Rosa 1, Rodolfo de Moraes Peixoto 2 *, Jonh Aldson Bezerra Tenório 3, Tania Maria Sarmento da Silva 3 and Mateuss Matiuzzi da Costa 1 1 Campus Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil. Campus Floresta, Instituto Federalde Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Floresta, PE, Brazil. 3 Departamento de Ciências Moleculares, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. Received 3 October, 2014; Accepted 12 December, 2014 Mastitis causes inflammation of the mammary gland and physical, chemical and bacteriological alterations in milk. The control of this disease deserves special attention within health programs of the dairy cattle industry. The aim of the present study was to assess thee minimal inhibitory concentration ( MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of a commercial product (gentamicin + amoxicillin) indicated for the treatment of mastitis, propolis,and their association against Staphylococcus spp. In total, 70 samples of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cases of subclinical mastitis, weree used in the present study. The bacterial isolates were tested against the commercially available association of gentamicin and amoxicillin, as welll as commercially available propolis.. Muller Hinton (MH) micro-broth dilution was used in the present study. The presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was confirmed in the propolis used. The MIC values found for gentamicin and amoxicillin were g/ ml and mg/ml, respectively. The MBC values found for gentamicin and amoxicillin were and mg/ml, respectively. The mean MBC values of amoxicillin and gentamicin in synergism with propolis were g/ml and mg/ml, respectively. Analysis of propolis showed the presence of derivatives of the following acids: caffeic; cinnamic; p-coumaric; ferulic and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic. The results of the present study showed that gentamicin and amoxicillin, associated with propolis, exhibit synergistic activity thatt could reduce the selection of resistant microorganisms. The synergistic effect of propolis is probably due to the presence of cinnamic acid derivatives. Key words: Antimicrobial, bovine mastitis, propolis, Staphylococcus spp. INTRODUCTION Mastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy herds. The etiology is wide-ranging and the diseasee is primarily caused by microorganisms. Bacteria belonging to thee genus Staphylococcus are among the main micro- organisms that cause mastitis. These micro-organismss are the etiologic agents that have most frequently beenn *Corresponding author. Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under thee terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0International License
2 2 Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. isolated from the mammary gland of cows with mastitis. Species of this genus can cause long duration infections and tend to become chronic, resulting in a low cure rate and great losses in milk production (Godden et al., 2002). Antibiotic therapy is one of the main forms of mastitis control and it has been extensively studied over the years (Sol et al., 1997; Friton et al., 1998; Langoni et al., 2000). However, the use of antimicrobials results in economic losses, either from their cost or by the prohibition of commercial milk containing residues of antibiotics (Crisan et al., 1995). Moreover, mastitis in dairy herds represents a serious risk for the health of the general public. Natural alternatives, such as propolis, are currently being studied in order to reduce the use of antibiotics to treat mastitis and alleviate the concern for food quality and milk safety (Vargas et al., 2004). Propolis is a complex mixture containing resin material and balsamic. Its chemical composition is associated with the flora of different regions visited by bees and the periodical collection of resin (Lustosa et al., 2008). The mechanism of antimicrobial activity of propolis is complex and can be attributed to the synergistic activity between phenolic compounds and other substances present (Krol et al., 1993), as well as a mechanism of action based on the inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase (Uzel et al., 2005). Besides the antimicrobial potential of propolis, studies have demonstrated a synergistic effect between propolis and antimicrobial drugs (Detoma and Ozino, 1991; Scheller et al., 1999; Stepanovic et al., 2003; Junior Fernandez et al., 2005). Given the importance of reducing the use and the concentration of antibiotics in the treatment of production animals, the aim of the present study was to assess the inhibitory concentrations of a commercial product in association with propolis extract. methanol, mixed with 0.4 ml of the sample. Absorbance readings were made at 300 nm after 30 min of rest in the absence of light, using methanol as blank. The total flavonoid content was determined using a standard curve of quercetin at five concen-trations (1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/ml). Y = x , where "y" is the absorbance and "x" is the concentration, R2 = The total flavonoid content was expressed as the mg equivalent of quercetin per gram of propolis, whereas the dry matter content thereof was described as per Lee et al. (2003). Chromatographic analysis was carried out using a Shimadzu Prominence LC2OAT high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device equipped with a photodiode array detector (SPDM2O) with a reversed-phase column (Shimpack CLC-ODS, 4.6 mm x 250 mm x 5 µm). For benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives, the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 5% aqueous formic acid (A) and methanol (B) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. A gradient elution was used, starting with 20% B up to 15 min, 30% B for 20 min, 40% B for 30 min and isocratic at 40% B up to 45 min. The injection volume was 20 μl. Chromatograms were recorded at 290 nm. Phenolics were identified based on retention times and UV-spectra with authentic markers. The caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, cinnamic and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid phenolics identified in propolis were quantified using the external standard method based on peak area. Analyses were made by plotting a calibration curve. To make the calibration curve of each phenolic compound, appropriate volumes from each stock solution were diluted with methanol to obtain working solutions in the concentration range of mg/ml, which were then correlated with the measured area. The area of these peaks was plotted and the corresponding concentration of phenolics was calculated based on the calibration curve. The quantitative analyses were performed in triplicate at 290 nm. Commercial antimicrobial The commercial antimicrobial product (Gentamox /Laboratório Hipra Saúde Animal Ltda, Brazil) used in each ml of solution contained 40 mg of gentamicin, amoxicillin and 150 mg vehicle qs 1 ml, as indicated for the treatment of mastitis caused by bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial isolates We tested 70 strains of Staphylococcus spp., which were provided by the microbiology and animal immunology laboratory of the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco. The microorganisms isolated were identified based on morphological (color, size, presence or absence of hemolysis), dyeing (Gram stain) and biochemical characteristics, as described by Quinn et al. (1994). The samples were isolated from cattle with subclinical mastitis in herds from the cities of Petrolina and Arcoverde in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). The herds contained animals of various breeds and ages, and they were also at different stages of lactation. Analysis of propolis The quantification of phenolic compounds was performed by the Folin-Ciocalteau method, which involves the reduction of phenolic compounds based on the reaction of the samples with the concomitant formation of a blue complex, the intensity of which(760 nm) increases linearly, as described by Swain and Hills (1959). The total flavonoid content was determined by adapting the Dowd method: 500 μg of aluminum sulphate (Al2 (SO4) 3); 5% Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) The bacterial isolates were tested against commercial propolis from the southeast region of Brazil, specifically São Paulo. The propolis was diluted in alcohol, forming the ethanol extract of propolis (EEP). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the commercial product indicated for the treatment of mastitis and the ethanolic extract of propolis were determined based on the descriptions of the CLSI (2008). The antimicrobials were diluted in 200 μl (1:2) of Miller Hilton broth (MH). During the preparation of inocula, MH agar colonies were used to obtain a bacterial suspension with a turbidity equivalent to the 0.5 tube of the McFarland scale. From this suspension, 10 μl were inoculated (1 x 10 4 UFC) in each microtube containing a dilution of antibiotics or propolis. The material was incubated at 37 C/24 h, under aerobic conditions. After 24 h of cultivation, a reading was performed to identify the MIC. In the case of dilutions with no signs of bacterial growth, one aliquot of 10 µl was withdrawn and then spread on the surface of MH agar and incubated for 24h at 37 C. Subsequently, the MBC was determined as the lowest concentration capable of causing the death of inocula. The assays were performed in triplicate. The determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration followed the recommendations of CLSI (2008), using a 200 μl distribution of Mueller-Hinton broth in microtiter plates. Subsequently, 200 μl of the commercial product (amoxicillin and gentamicin) was added
3 Silva et al. 3 Table 1. Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of commercial antimicrobial (Amoxicillin + Gentamicin), ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and the associated commercial antimicrobial (34.35 mg) of EEP against Staphylococcus spp. isolates from cattle with subclinical mastitis. Activity Commercial antimicrobial ethanol extract of EEP + Commercial antimicrobial Gentamicin Amoxicillin propolis (EEP)* Gentamicin Amoxicillin MIC (µg/ml) < < MBC (µg/ml) *The MICs of antimicrobials associated with EEB were lower than the lowest concentrations studied. to the first well and, after homogenization, transferred to the second and so on, until the following final concentrations were obtained: gentamicin ; 0.445; 0.222; 0.111, 0.556; 0.028, and μg/ml; amoxicillin 3.336, 1.668, 0.834; 0.417, 0.208, 0.104, and μg/ml. The concentration of ethanol extract of propolis was common in all wells, with ½ MBC (34.35 μg/ml). Finally, the minimal bactericidal concentration of antimicrobials associated with propolis was determined. RESULTS After the morphological, dyeing and biochemical tests, the following distribution of isolates was noted: Staphylococcus aureus (n=27), coagulase-positive staphylococci (n=26) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=17). The total phenolic and total flavonoid levels found for commercial propolis were mg (12.62%) of gallic acid equivalent per gram of propolis extract, and mg (5.10%) equivalent of quercetin per gram of propolis extract. These results are in accordance with the limits set by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), with a minimal percentage of total phenolics of 5% and a minimal percentage of total flavonoids of 0.5% (Brasil, 2001). The HPLC-DAD analysis of propolis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds. Ferulic (7.04 g), caffeic ( g), cinnamic ( g), coumaric ( g) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic (2.20 g) acids were detected in 5 mg of dry extract of propolis. Table 1 displays the minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations for the antibiotics used in the commercial product formulation, as well as the association of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) with the commercial antimicrobial (gentamicin + amoxicillin). The minimal bactericidal concentration of gentamicin and amoxicillin, after association with ½ MBC of the ethanol extract of propolis (34.35 mg), provided mean values of and µg/ml, respectively. DISCUSSION The results of the present study corroborate the findings of Ashraf and Bassuony (2009), who also found phenolic compounds and flavonoids in propolis samples from Egypt. The concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids differ due to several factors, including the ecology of the flora, the period of the collection of the resin, the genetics of the queen bee, local flora and the collection region, among others (Park et al., 2002; Bankova, 2005; Sousa et al., 2007). The HPLC-DAD analysis of propolis revealed the presence of cinnamic, ferulic, caffeic, coumaric and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids. These compounds were identified according to their retention time and UV spectral characteristics and then compared with standards. Derivatives of cinnamic acids are commonly found in propolis (Akao et al., 2003). With regards to the mean MBC, Cos et al. (2006) noted that the ideal antimicrobial concentration of propolis would be between µg/ml. Therefore, the propolis tested in the present study was effective at lower concentrations. Trusheva et al. (2010) studied the consti-tuents of propolis and highlighted that the exploitation of propolis is a promising source of biologically active compounds. For Marcucci et al. (2001), the antibacterial activities of propolis are higher against Gram-positive bacteria due to the flavonoids, aromatic esters and acids present in the resin, which affect the cell wall structure of these microorganisms. The combination of amoxicillin and gentamicin, which has been indicated for the veterinary treatment of mastitis, was effective against all the Staphylococcus spp. studied. Very few studies have assessed an asso-ciation between the antibiotics gentamicin and amoxi-cillin. Brito et al. (2001) assessed the MIC of ten anti-biotics against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis and found an MIC mg/ml of gentamicin. Other studies have reported efficacy rates of greater than 96% for gentamicin against microorganisms isolated from milk (Cunha et al., 2006). On the other hand, Staphylococcus spp. have shown resistance to amoxicillin, which is more effective when used in combination with other antibiotics (Langoni et al., 2000). In the present study, the combination of amoxicillin and gentamicin with the third antimicrobial, propolis, reduced the mean value of the two MBC antimicrobials by more than twelve times. Associations were found between the antimicrobial aim to potentiate its action, decrease side effects and increase the spectrum of the action on microorganisms. It is believed that a combination of propolis extracts and antimicrobial agents could lead to a reduction in the doses of the drugs used, resulting in less pressure for the emergence of resistant strains. It could also reduce side effects and the waste antimicrobial
4 4 Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. substances in industrial products of animal origin, particularly in milk and in the environment (Mirzoeva et al., 1997). It is also well known that cinnamic acid derivatives, including those identified in propolis, exhibit antimicrobial activity (Sova, 2012). The results of the antimicrobial activity associated with the EEP showed that the MIC values of gentamicin and amoxicillin were lower than the lowest concentrations studied ( µg/ml for gentamicin and µg/ml for amoxicillin), when compared with 100% of isolates of Staphylococcus spp. These results confirm the high synergism of propolis associated with antibacterial agents. Fernandes Júnior et al. (2005) assessed the synergistic activity of propolis with antibiotics against Staphylococcus spp. and noted that propolis exhibits synergistic activity with drugs that inhibit protein synthesis (gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and netilmicin). The same author also noted the absence of antagonistic activity of ethanolic extract of propolis associated with antimicrobial. Naher et al. (2011) also assessed the antimicrobial activity of propolis in combination with several drugs, including amoxicillin, and high activity was observed for Staphylococcus aureus from human samples. The similarity in these results reinforces the antimicrobial activity of these combinations, although the isolates tested were often obtained from different animal species and the methods used sometimes differed. According to Benhanifia et al. (2012), natural products are still a major source of innovative therapeutic agents for infectious diseases, although further studies are required to elucidate and optimize the effective combination of propolis and antibiotics in clinical practice. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it is possible to conclude that the chemical composition of propolis is within the standards established, and phenolic compounds and flavonoids are directly associated with the antimicrobial activity of propolis. Furthermore, it was possible to demonstrate the synergistic effect when combined with greater propolis in combination with amoxi-cillin and gentamicin. The synergism reduces the concen-trations of antimicrobials used and could contribute to a reduction in the selection of resistant bacteria. Therefore, the importance of in vivo studies that could lead to the inclusion of these compounds in the treatment of bovine mastitis is worth emphasizing. Conflict of Interest The author(s) have not declared any conflict of interests. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TMSS would like to thank FACEPE (PRONEM APQ /10 grant number) and CNPQ. JABT would like to thank CAPES and PPGDITM for fellowship support. REFERENCES Akao Y, Maruyama H, Matsumoto K, Ohguchi K, Nishizawa K, Sakamoto T, Araki Y, Mishima S, Nozawa Y (2003). Cell growth inhibitory effect of cinnamic acid derivatives from propolis on human tumor cell lines. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26: Ashraf A, Bassuony E (2009). New prenilated compound from egyptian própolis whit antimicrobial activity. Rev. Latino Amer. Química. 37: Bankova VJ (2005). Chemical diversity of propolis and the problem of standardization. J. Ethnopharmacol. 100: Benhanifia M, Sakharkar M, Boukrâa L (2012). Action of propolis alone and/or in combination with ampicillin against pathogenic bacteria. In: Annual Scientific Meeting. The Australian Society for Microbiology, Brisbane, Australia. Brasil (2001). Ministério da Agricultura. Instrução Normativa nº 3 ANEXO VI Regulamento técnico para fixação de identidade e qualidade de própolis. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil. Brasília. Brito MAVP, Brito JRF, Silva MAS, Carmo RA (2001). Concentração mínima inibitória de dez antimicrobianos para amostras de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de infecção intramamária bovina. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 53: CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (2008). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Approved Standard, 3rd ed. CLSI/NCCLS document M31 - A3. Wayne. Cos P, Vlietinck AJ, Vanden Berghe D, Maes L (2006). Anti-infective potential of natural products: how to develop a stronger in vitro, proofof-concept. J. Ethnopharmacol. 106: Crisan I, Zaharia CN, Popovici F, Jucu V, Belu O, Dascalu C, Mutiu A, Petrescu A (1995). Natural propolis extract Nivcrisol in the treatment of acute and chronic rhinopharyngitis in children. Rom. J. Virol. 46: Cunha AP, Silva LBG, Pinheiro Júnior JW, Silva DR, Oliveira AAF, Silva, KPC, Mota RA (2006). Perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana de agentes contagiosos e ambientais isolados de mastite clínica e subclínica de búfalas. Arq. Inst. Biol. 73: Detoma P, Ozino OL (1991). Azione della propoli su micror-ganismi dell'ambiente ospedalino. Ann. Microbiol. Enzimol. 41: Fernandes Júnior A, Balestrin EC, Betoni JEC, Orsi RO, Cunha MLRS, Montelli AC (2005). Propolis: anti-staphylococcus aureus activity and synergism with antimicrobial drugs. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 100: Friton GM, Sobiraj A, Richter A (1998). Effects of various antibiotic treatments of lactating cows with subclinical mastitis. Tier. Prax. Ausg. G. Gross. Nutz. 26: Godden SM, Jansen JT, Leslie KE, Smart NL, Kelton DF (2002). The effect of sampling time and sample handling on the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk from quarters with subclinical mastitis. Can. Vet. J. 43: Krol W, Scheller S, Shani J, Pietsz G, Czuba Z (1993). Synergistic effect of ethanolic extract of propolis and antibiotics on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Arzneimittel-forsch 43: Langoni H, Cabral, KG, Domingues PF, Pulga ME, Marinho M, Pardo RB (2000). Utilização da enrofloxacina (baytril) no tratamento da mastite bovina estafilocócica. Ciênc. rural. 30: Lee YKP, Yang MI, Mischenco BA, Baun YX, Hu HL, Huang WJ, Baran AJ (2003). Use of circular cylinders as surrogates for hexagonal pristine ice crystals in scattering calculations of infrared wavelengths. Appl. Opt. 42: Lustosa SR, Galindo AB, Nunes LCC, Randau KP, Neto PJR (2008). Própolis: atualizações sobre a química e a farmacologia. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 18: Marcucci MC, Ferreres F, García-Viguera C, Bankova VS, De Castro SL, Dantas AP, Valente PH, Paulino N (2001). Phenolic compounds from Brazilian propolis with pharmacological activities. J. Ethnopharmacol. 74: Mirzoeva OK, Grishanin RN, Calder PC (1997). Antimicrobial action of propolis and some of its components: the effects on growth, membrane potencial and motility of bacteria. Microbiol. Res.
5 Silva et al (3): Naher HS, Al-Charrakh AH, Hendi NKK (2011). Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of propolis-antibiotics combination on bacterial and yeast isolates. Med. J. Babylon 8(3): Park YK, Alencar SM, Scamparine ARP, Aguiar CL (2002). Própolis produzida no sul do Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai: evidências fitoquímicas de sua origem vegetal. Cienc. rural. 2: Scheller S, Dworniczak S, Waldemar-Klimmek K, Rajca M, Tomczyk A, Shani J (1999). Synergism between ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and anti- tuberculosis drugs on growth of Mycobacteria. Z. Nat. Sci. 548: Sol J, Sampimon OC, Snoep JJ, Schukken YH (1997). Factors associated with bacteriological cure during lactation after therapy for subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. J. Dairy Sci. 80: Sousa JPB, Furtado NAJC, Jorge R, Soares AEE, Bastos JK (2007). Perfis físico-químico e cromatográfico de amostras de própolis produzidas nas microrregiões de Franca (SP) e Passos (MG), Brasil. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 17: Sova M (2012). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of cinnamic acid derivatives. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 12(8): Stepanovi S, Anti N, Daki IV (2003). In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and synergism between propolis and antimicrobial drugs. Microbiol. Res. 158: Trusheva B, Todorov I, Ninova M, Najdenski H, Daneshmand A, Bankova V (2010). Antibacterial mono- and sesquiterpene esters of benzoic acids from Iranian própolis. Chem. Cent. J. 4:1-4. Uzel A, Sorkun K, Oncag O, Cogulu D, Gencay O, Salih B (2005). Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of four different Anatonian propolis samples. Microbiol. Res. 160: Vargas AC, Loguercio AP, Witt NM, Da Costa MM, SÁ, Silva M, Viana LR (2004). Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de extrato alcoólico de própolis. Cienc. rural. 34:
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Home > Product Categories > Pro-Audio > Studio Tools & Problem Solvers > Audio Hum & Noise Eliminators > IL-STEREO-19
Item #: IL-STEREO-19 MFG #: IL-STEREO-19
List Price:$89.95Our Price:$79.95Quantity Pricing
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A stereo - left & right channel - RCA version of the famous Sescom IL-19! The only product that removes all types of hum in live sound & pro-audio gear. This inline stereo RCA IL-19 has 2-Channels (Stereo) for a matching transformer where RCA audio inputs & outputs need hum elimination.
Designed as 3 products in-one, the Sescom® IL-STEREO-19 is the industry standard for instantly troubleshooting audio hum in live sound & broadcast applications providing quick fix line isolation to remove hum. Removes ground loop hum, mode noise & differentially induced hum . Other in-line problem solvers solve only one problem at a time.
Sescom transformers are specifically engineered for excellent frequency response allowing a hotter signal. Sescom transformers also provide superior protection against radiated noise thus reducing pickup of hum and interference from outside sources such as power supplies. The IL-19 keeps unwanted signals out of the circuit, but also reduces induced noise providing high-quality line level isolation to eliminate hum and buzz from interacting gear. Built into a high impact non-conductive ABS enclosure.
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text:
Ed Huner isn't afraid to change reality to conform to his sense of order
Ed Huner holds a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design. He has been exhibiting his figurative paintings since 1978.
Huner has been a fine art instructor at universities in Nova Scotia and with the New Brunswick Community College System. His work is represented in the permanent collection of the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, the Nova Scotia Art Bank, as well as private and corporate collections and he's an elected member of the Society of Canadian Artists.
He resides in Musquodoboit Harbour at Martinique Beach, Nova Scotia.
On the eve of his works showing at the McCarthy Gallery as part of the PLANS show, he sat down to tell us something of his work.
Q. How did you start making art? Why do you make art?
I grew up in a small rural village in southern Ontario where neither the elementary school nor high school had a formal art program. I was a very disinterested academic student and my grades clearly reflected this.
The only thing I did that seemed to get noticed and praised was my drawing projects. In high school my painting attempts were accepted to the annual county fair art shows.
When I started to explore the possibility of art as a career, my high school guidance teacher told me to forget it. She believed artists were never successful until they were dead.
I certainly knew about the Group of Seven Painters, but it was not until I had the opportunity to visit the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York that I understood art was more than painting; art was a wonderful idea!
I thought I might have the courage to try it.
Q. What themes do you pursue?
It's unlikely most painters consciously use identifiers such as realism. My paintings are figurative. I'm a studio painter.
I have a personal interest in how we look at a painting, the physiology of looking and comprehension; how we visually pull it all together into an idea. I test and challenge this by taking disparate images (figures and landscapes typically) and trying to make them cooperate into a plausible and interesting arrangement.
My rendering is intentionally suggestive, indefinite and provocative. My hope is the viewer will bring something of their imagination and life experience to my painting and complete the narrative, making the painting uniquely theirs to enjoy.
Q. How do you work?
My camera is a very important tool. It records landscapes that are interesting to me. It records memories of a particular place and at a particular time. I use photographic images to support and enhance my memory.
Drawing from a live model is another important tool. The intense observation, constant adjustment and correction of my drawing are an important creative process for me. I don't paint from a posed model. I use my life drawing studies, not unlike my landscape photographs, as a reference.
For my creative process, design is everything. I will alter all subject matter to conform to my peculiar sense of order. I don't hesitate to deviate from drawings and photographs to achieve a reluctant fulcrum of balance and cooperation.
Janice Guinan is a local artist who passionately believes in the importance of visual art.


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Why do you like or dislike this movie?
Uploaded: 2016-04-01 Rating: % / Votes
Description: Luscious hottie babe Kimberlee Anne is a sexy chick with amazing body but she got punished by her man coz she breaking house. Kimberlee Anne offer her awesome body for forgiveness so he binds her arms behind and started to pound her pussy in multiple angel


text: Hi, I'm having some trouble with guests booting up with huge clock offset (4 hrs). The offset is always the same which leads me to suspecting a configuration issue rather than a bug. I looked around libvirt documentation and so far checked these: * the hosts clock is correct (ntpd, manually verified) * the timezones are correct (and the same) on both host and guest * the clock element in the guest xml seems to be correct for a Linux guest - "<clock offset='utc'/>" Is there anything else I should check? FWIW, hosts are Fedora 12, guests are a mix of recent Fedoras. Thanks for any pointers, Jakub


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Karaoke Will go ElectronicThursday, August 22nd 2013.
Since that time its organization, Karaoke hasn't solitary completely changed your tune business the mankind concluded however it has been proven as an expense effect functional approach to downsizing the actual succeed drive. It can be rebuff lengthier a real tone of voice modify for the much better tool intended for novice artists but it is moreover regarded as being the secret voice from the recording business.
Right now within suit you don't include perhaps the faintest thought of come back? Were talking approximately, there's no need to fear. The saying Karaoke is interpreted because 'Kara' insinuation obvious along with 'okesutora' effects orchestra and yes it on course within Kobe The japanese within the time 1971. Karaoke considering that immediately has reach a considerable ways and you protect catch on video tape along with audio. The most popular version of the Karaoke will be the Karaoke vocal eliminator software.
The web singing eliminator gets rid of require transfer high-priced equipment. Numerous audio designers along with audio machines at this stage do it much easier to communicate lets start on the actual mp3voice cancelling procedure because it removes the need designed for putting in significant tools along with transforms the actual dwelling or even hq Laptop or computer into a replace with karaoke framework.
The application makes it possible for the person to get rid of words of the tune from an existing course and function the melody observe created for a particular series. A few software developers include achieve dazed with for the property variations from the earlier karaoke computer software. Some even supply the end-user with 24/7 support.
Even so the audio expressive eliminator can deal with its own limits as soon as compared to their forerunner. Pertaining to incidence the program cannot be employed meant for recording reside influence shows and also classical music via Forties along with 50s plus it can't offer with the aim associated with prior feel with the aim involving previous time beat junkie's desire. Now with the purpose of Karaoke is actually straightforwardly to be had about the grid as well as asit won't cause much of a complicatedness for the put a stop to individual to put in it in his or her dwelling Computer, hardly ever would certainly somebody bad purchase a karaoke construction. The biggest USP for the exact purpose involving Karaoke expressive monster provides has been the goal of you can preserve getting more recent far better variants with the computer software without the need to include unique equipment. You can even operate the actual music already acquired whilst experimenting with present tunes.
The software could determine to become a skillful application to correct and mix songs but it does not replicate prior impact created by the past observe, generally given that karaoke melody just isn't made out of earlier tracks. Karaoke tunes aren't the first sort however , music with extra types.
The karaoke software program is in addition the turning out to be any blessing created for group wildlife as they can combination tunes as well as tracks since apiece their need to have, producing the group more thrilling. Hard drive jockeys are lording it over less complicated to combination their own tracks with this computer software as it lets them decrease severe products and provides these the actual service involving convenience.


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For the impact that ulcerative colitis can have on the life of a sportsman in the prime of his career, the story of Lewis Moody, the former England rugby captain and another sufferer, stands as a stark precedent for Darren Fletcher. For Moody it was a slow road from denial, to secrecy about his condition and on to a painful acceptance that he would have to live with the physical and psychological toll.
In his autobiography, Moody, who resigned as England captain in October after the World Cup in New Zealand, wrote that he believed the condition had been brought on by his over exposure to anti-inflammatories, antibiotics and painkillers which he needed to cope with the demands of his sport. He was first diagnosed with it seven years ago when he began passing blood and the problem became much worse.
As an elite sportsman who did not wish to give the coaches at Leicester or England a reason to drop him from the team, as well as fearing the unforgiving badinage of the changing room, Moody said that he initially covered up the condition. "There was no way I was going to let my secret out to a bunch of rugby players who would then mock me mercilessly," he wrote. "I ended up hiding it from them for three years and I slumped into a state of depression."
With the help of the Leicester club doctor he treated it as best he could but the horrendous effect of ulcerative colitis would have been difficult to keep secret for any young man, let alone a high-profile sportsman such as Moody. The starkest example of the condition's demeaning effect is an incident Moody recalls that took place on Christmas Eve in 2007 when, aged 29, he experienced a bowel movement while shopping in Leicester city centre. Panicking and unable to find a toilet, he soiled himself "in the middle of the street".
"There are few more demeaning experiences for any man, let alone a rugby player," he later wrote. It was from that moment that Moody decided to be more open with his team-mates and he said that in recent years his impromptu departures from the training ground became known as the "emergency crap" – about as understanding as he could hope to expect from his team-mates.
While the extent of Fletcher's illness is not a matter of public record, if his experience has been anything like that of Moody, then the anxiety must have been debilitating for the Manchester United midfielder. The prospect of playing in front of 75,000 people at Old Trafford is demanding enough without having to worry about the likelihood of one's body functioning imperfectly.
Although the exact nature of Fletcher's illness, which struck just before United's defeat to Liverpool on 6 March, has been kept secret until now, the club and player have been open about the effect of Fletcher's weight loss. "I lost close to a stone which for someone like me – I don't have a stone to lose – was massive," Fletcher said in September.
After the game against Liverpool, Fletcher played just twice more last season, at home to Schalke in May and Blackpool on the final day of the season. He missed United's pre-season tour of the United States and his first games of this season were for Scotland in their Euro 2012 qualifiers in September. Since then he has managed just 13 games for United and Scotland.
Since he established himself in the United team in 2003-2004, the season following David Beckham's departure, Fletcher has averaged around 40 first-team appearances a season. He was a key figure in the United team that won three Premier League titles from 2006 to 2009 and, from being an academy player whose career at Old Trafford could have gone either way, he had emerged as a central figure.
If Fletcher's influence has occasionally been underestimated for United, that has never been the case for Scotland. He is the captain of a team that, for the first time in a while, has some promising players at Premier League clubs including Charlie Adam, Barry Bannan and James Morrison. Despite Scotland's problems, Fletcher has always made himself available and, with 58 caps at the age of 27, he is only three off the top 10 of the country's all-time appearance-makers.
Of course, his enforced break from the game puts everything in doubt. However, the disclosure yesterday by Fletcher and United at least brings to an end the rumours circulating about Fletcher's condition. No one can doubt the severity of the condition – one that Sir Steve Redgrave also developed in the 1990s – and the hope is that there may be a little more understanding about its consequences for Fletcher.
Ulcerative colitis is exacerbated by stress. But Moody discovered that as he allowed his team-mates to find out about his condition, that stress declined. His best friend at Leicester, Geordan Murphy, chided him for not being open in the first place. "Being stubborn about it and keeping it a secret had simply made life harder for myself," Moody wrote. Ending the secrecy is one less thing for Fletcher to worry about.
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Free Download MOD APK Android Balloon Paradise | Only best games at Sbenny.com
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Get ready to explore a fantastic new world of adventure, excitement, and amazing balloon popping fun! Work fast and make smart matches, your Balloon Paradise friends are counting on you!Balloon Paradise is a wonderful "match 3" puzzle game that takes place in a world high above the clouds! Swap and match shiny balloons and unleash fantabulous power-ups as you work to save the sky city of Floatopia!
Far above the land, hidden by the clouds, there is a city made entirely out of balloons. A great gust of wind has stirred up trouble in this beautiful world, mixing up all of the colors and causing parts of the city to disappear!
Travel to amazing new worlds as you help Belle by matching balloons one group at a time. Solve puzzles to get special power-ups that can pop tons of balloons at once, sending them back to Floatopia in a great flash of fun!
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- Match and pop colorful balloons in tons of different patterns.
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So what are you waiting for? Download now Balloon Paradise MOD APK for free at Sbenny.com!
APK Gameplay Video
Game Requirements and Details:
Android Version Required: 4.0.3 and higher versions of Android Smartphones and Tablets
Required Storage Space: 101 MB or more
Internet connection NOT required to play
APK ID: com.rvappstudios.match3_balloon_puzzle_game
Last Game Version: 3.3.1
Genre: Puzzle
Price:Free with In-App Purchases
Ads? YES
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- Download one of the [APK] files below (the MOD version is the HACKED game) OR try the [Google Play] version;
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Have troubles installing Balloon Paradise? Please read our Forum guide about HOW TO INSTALL ANDROID GAMES AND APPS.
Link broken? Looking for a newer or MOD (hacked) version of Balloon Paradise? Join our community and we will help you!


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To participate in the Scholarship Program, students will be required to submit short documentary films exploring some aspect of Utah's energy sector. Four scholarships will be awarded, one to a student in each of Utah's four Congressional districts, in the spring of 2016. The $5,000 scholarships will be awarded to students who intend to pursue a Science, Technology, Engineering or Math (STEM) related course of study at a Utah institute of higher education.
"This is just another opportunity of Chevron to demonstrate its commitment to the community here in Utah" - Greg Gabel, Chevron
Utah Energy Workforce Scholarship Program
Energy Workforce Scholarship
913.1 KiB
544 Downloads
Date: October 28, 2015
Energy Workforce Scholarship
913.1 KiB
544 Downloads
544 Downloads
|October 28, 2015
- In order to participate students must currently be an 11th grade student enrolled at any public or private high school in the State of Utah.
- In order to receive a scholarship, students must certify their intent to pursue a STEM course of study at a Utah institution of higher education.
- Scholarship dollars may only be utilized at a public or private institution of higher education located in Utah.
Video Details
- Videos must be 5-10 minutes long, and must explore some aspect of Utah's energy industry. These include Conventional, Unconventional, Renewable, Energy Efficiency, Alternative Transportation, Infrastructure and Minerals. See OED's Energy Success Stories for ideas.
- Videos should explore not only facilities and operations, but also should highlight the energy workforce and explore energy career opportunities.
- Participating students are encouraged to work with energy companies operating in Utah to coordinate site visits and/or interviews with employees.
- Videos must be made through appropriate and legal avenues, with a focus on and attention to all safety standards specific to facilities where filming occurs.
- Videos must be created in a video format capable of being uploaded to YouTube.
Student Participant Resources
- On December 1, 2015, OED will make available a guidance document online that shares basic information about best practices for documentary filmmaking on a shoestring budget, and with limited technology!
- OED will also provide a point-person with a background in videography and documentary filmmaking who will be available to all applicants to answer questions and provide advice throughout the application period. OED is committed to giving students the tools they need to submit successful videos.
Submission Timeline
- Videos may be submitted to OED (firstname.lastname@example.com) via email attachment and/or link as early as January 1, 2016, and no later than April 30, 2016.
Award Details
- Four scholarships will be awarded each year, each in the amount of $5,000.
- One scholarship will be awarded to the top applicant in each of Utah's four Congressional districts.
- Scholarship winners will receive award certificates in May of 2016, and will receive scholarship funds a year later in the summer preceding their first semester in college or university.
For full details please download the above PDF brochure.


text:
|Bozner Brau Hopfen SPEZIAL
birgik (44) Padova, Italy | January 5, 2016
Brewpub storico di Bolzano dove bere le birre che si producono. La bell'atmosfera fa da contorno alle buone birre e il buon cibo.
Sokolov (899) Moscow, Russia | March 19, 2015
Surprisingly good. Very German style. Helles is wonderful no matter how many mugs you have left empty behind.
cipe (23) bolzano vicentino, Italy | December 1, 2014
CLevar (21) Minnesota | April 13, 2011
Great little place I visited when in Bolzen. Only two beers on tap: "Light and Dark". I went with the "Dark" (A dunkel) and quite enjoyed it. Beautiful location, great atmosphere, a cheap pint, and tasty beer. Only thing that is lacking is a better selection, but this place was a memorable stop on a fun trip to Italy.
kungfufelon (12) Vicenza, Italy | January 29, 2011
Great place in Bolzano to get cheap pints of good Bavarian-style brews. Typical of Italian bars, there are only two types of beer: chiara (clear, as in blonde) or scura (dark, as in bocks). Both are very good though. Once in a while they do produce seasonal beers. Highly recommended
beccio (13) , Italy | January 2, 2011
good place!!!!
Cuso (234) Bratislava, Slovak Republic | August 14, 2010
Nice place in the center of Bolzano. Food is simple but good and beers are drinkable, we had helles. What was surprising for me, that people go there rather for food than beer.
steamfreak (120) , England | January 10, 2010
When we visited on the 22nd and 23rd December there was just a Helles and a Dunkel but both were good. it's a lovely building right in the middle of german speaking Bolzano/Bozen. The coppers are in the bar area and the brewer was dry hopping (I think) whilst we were there. The food is simple but very filling.