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Frameshift mutations in coding repeats of protein tyrosine phosphatase genes in colorectal tumors with microsatellite instability
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) like their antagonizing protein tyrosine kinases are key regulators of signal transduction thereby assuring normal control of cellular growth and differentiation. Increasing evidence suggests that mutations in PTP genes are associated with human malignancies. For example, mutational analysis of the tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) gene superfamily uncovered genetic alterations in about 26% of colorectal tumors. Since in these studies tumors have not been stratified according to genetic instability status we hypothesized that colorectal tumors characterized by high-level of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) might show an increased frequency of frameshift mutations in those PTP genes that harbor long mononucleotide repeats in their coding region (cMNR).
Using bioinformatic analysis we identified 16 PTP candidate genes with long cMNRs that were examined for genetic alterations in 19 MSI-H colon cell lines, 54 MSI-H colorectal cancers, and 17 MSI-H colorectal adenomas. Frameshift mutations were identified only in 6 PTP genes, of which PTPN21 show the highest mutation frequency at all in MSI-H tumors (17%).
Although about 32% of MSI-H tumors showed at least one affected PTP gene, and cMNR mutation rates in PTPN21, PTPRS, and PTPN5 are higher than the mean mutation frequency of MNRs of the same length, mutations within PTP genes do not seem to play a common role in MSI tumorigenesis, since no cMNR mutation frequency reached statistical significance and therefore, failed prediction as a Positive Selective Target Gene.
Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are molecular features of most sporadic colorectal cancers (~85%) and may confer a worse prognosis
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) like their antagonizing protein tyrosine kinases are key regulators of signal transduction thereby assuring normal control of cellular growth and differentiation
However, whether coding mononucleotide repeats (cMNR) in PTP genes are specific targets of frameshift mutations in MMR-deficient colorectal tumors is still unknown. In the present study we identified 16 human PTP genes harboring coding region microsatellites and determined their mutation frequencies in MSI-H colorectal tumors. About 32% of MSI-H tumors showed frameshift mutations in any of these PTP genes. However, gene-specific cMNR mutation frequencies did not reach statistical significance according to our recently proposed model for Selective Target Gene prediction
Cell Lines and Tumor Tissues
Most of the cell lines analyzed in the present study have been described previously
Candidate cMNR Sequences in PTP Genes
Human PTP genes were sought in our cMNR database (
cMNR Instability Analysis
Primer design, DNA fragment and data analysis was performed as described
Additional file 1
Supplemental material and results information. Table 1 shows the PTP candidate list including primer systems used for the fragment analysis, Tables 2 and 3 present cMNR mutation status information in MSI-H colorectal cancer cell lines and tumors, and Table 4 summarizes the mutation frequencies of the PTP candidate genes in MSI-H colorectal cancer cell lines, tumors, and adenomas.
Click here for file
cMNR instability of PTPs in MSI-H colorectal cancer cell lines
A candidate set of 16 PTP genes that contained cMNR sequences composed of at least 7 repeat units were retrieved from our cMNR database (Table 1 [see Additional file
Figure 1
Electropherograms of allelic shifts
Electropherograms of allelic shifts. Electropherograms of shifted alleles. DNA fragment analysis of a representative set of PTP cMNRs in a MSI-H colorectal tumor (KS2966A, Sam49) and MSI-H cancer cell lines (Co115, TC71, and HCT116). Corresponding wildtype alleles (wt, lower panel) are indicated together with tumor cell-specific allelic shifts marked by asterisks (upper panel). Allele intensities were determined (peak area) and ratios (f) of wildtype and novel alleles in primary tumors and cell lines were calculated, defining a 2-fold difference as threshold for allelic shifts.
PTP cMNR Mutations in MSI-H Primary Colorectal Carcinomas
We next analyzed the same set of 16 PTP genes for cMNR frameshift mutations in 54 MSI-H colorectal carcinomas and adjacent normal mucosa. Frameshift mutations in these primary tumors were identified in 6 PTP genes (
Figure 2
Domain structure of selected PTPs and sites of cMNR frameshift mutations
Domain structure of selected PTPs and sites of cMNR frameshift mutations. Structure of PTP proteins. Tyrosine phosphatase domains (PTPc) as well as frameshift mutation sites (arrowhead, stippled lines) are indicated. Remaining domain abbreviations: IG immunoglobulin like domain, FN fibronectin type 3 domain, KIND kinase non-catalytic C-lobe domain, ERM ezrin/radixin/moesin domain, PDZ Domain present in PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1/2., BRO1 BRO1-like domain, TM transmembrane domain. Despite PTPN5 is a non-receptor phosphatase there is a TM domain annotated within Ensembl.
PTPN21 cMNR Mutations in MSI-H Colorectal Adenomas
Since mutations in the A8 coding repeat of
The goal of this study was to determine type, frequency, and pattern of cMNR frameshift mutations in protein PTP genes in MSI-H colorectal cancer cell lines and primary colon tumors. This gene family was selected because PTPs are expected to exert tumor suppressive function and thus represent potential targets of inactivating mutations in DNA mismatch repair deficient tumors. Among the large number of PTP genes in the human genome we selected 16 PTP genes that contained coding region microsatellites of increased length (≥ 7 repetitive units). Our results provide evidence for frameshift mutations in six of these PTP genes (
Recently, we proposed a statistical model that allows to predict positively or negatively selected target genes of MSI tumorigenesis in an organ-specific manner based on cMNR mutation frequencies
Despite some structural diversity, the six PTP proteins found to be mutated in the present study share a catalytically active phosphatase that resides in one (
From our analysis of preneoplastic lesions we further conclude that
The work presented here shows a systematic investigation using an evidence based approach: cMNRs of human PTP genes with the highest chance for mutational events in MSI-H colorectal tumors were selected. Although we observed a similar overall mutation frequency in MSI colorectal cancers compared to the results reported by Wang et al. for unselected colorectal cancers, a different set of PTP genes appears to be mutated in MSI tumors. Human PTP genes identified in the present study seem to play no common role in the tumorigenesis of MSI-H tumors, supported by statistical considerations. However, within individual MSI-H carcinogenesis such mutations could have had impact to malignant transformation, but so far no functional data exist that could confirm this hypothesis.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
SK carried out the molecular analyses, participated in the data analysis and interpretation, and drafted the manuscript, SMW participated in the design of the study, in the data analysis and interpretation, performed the statistical analysis, and contributed to manuscript writing, YPY and PB did the bioinformatic analysis and established the human cMNR database and the list of candidate genes, MvKD provided project supervision, JG provided the general concept, design of study, supervision and contributed to manuscript writing.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Table 1: Coding microsatellites in candidate PTP genes examined in this study.
For each of the 16 PTPs is given the official HUGO identification (hugoID), the actual Ensembl entry ID at
Table 2: Allelic cMNR mutation status in MSI-H colorectal cancer cell lines.
Wild type: wt; Deletions of one or two mononucleotides: -1, -2; Insertions of one or two mononucleotides: +1, +2; Analysis failed or not evaluable: 0.
Table 3: Allelic cMNR mutation status in MSI-H colorectal carcinomas.
For abbreviations see legend of Table 2.
Table 4: PTP cMNR mutation frequencies in MSI-H colorectal cancer cell lines, tumors, and adenomas*.
*Analysis restricted to
We gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of B. Kuchenbuch and G. Russell. This work was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe (M.v.K.D.; J.G.), DFG and BMBF (P.B.).
Increased p53 protein content of colorectal tumours correlates with poor survival
Allelic loss of chromosome 18q and prognosis in colorectal cancer
Survival and acquired genetic alterations in colorectal cancer
Carcinogenesis and microsatellite instability: the interrelationship between genetics and epigenetics
Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes: molecular genetics, genetic counseling, diagnosis and management
Ubiquitous somatic mutations in simple repeated sequences reveal a new mechanism for colonic carcinogenesis
Microsatellite instability in cancer of the proximal colon
Frameshift peptide-derived T-cell epitopes: a source of novel tumor-specific antigens
Frameshift-mutation-derived peptides as tumor-specific antigens in inherited and spontaneous colorectal cancer
Identification of an HLA-A0201-restricted CTL epitope generated by a tumor-specific frameshift mutation in a coding microsatellite of the OGT gene
Immunogenic peptides generated by frameshift mutations in DNA mismatch repair-deficient cancer cells
Variable mutation frequencies in coding repeats of TCF-4 and other target genes in colon, gastric and endometrial carcinoma showing microsatellite instability
Identification of MARCKS, FLJ11383 and TAF1B as putative novel target genes in colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability
Instabilotyping: comprehensive identification of frameshift mutations caused by coding region microsatellite instability
Systematic identification of genes with coding microsatellites mutated in DNA mismatch repair-deficient cancer cells
Pathogenesis of DNA repair-deficient cancers: a statistical meta-analysis of putative Real Common Target genes
Mutation of the type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor is coincident with the transformation of human colon adenomas to malignant carcinomas
Evidence of Selection for Clones Having Genetic Inactivation of the Activin A Type II Receptor (ACVR2) Gene in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Mutational inactivation of the proapoptotic gene BAX confers selective advantage during tumor clonal evolution
TCF-4 isoforms absent in TCF-4 mutated MSI-H colorectal cancer cells colocalize with nuclear CtBP and repress TCF-4-mediated transcription
Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer is associated with local lymphocyte infiltration and low frequency of distant metastases
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are a marker for microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinoma
Tumor microsatellite instability and clinical outcome in young patients with colorectal cancer
Inverse relationship between microsatellite instability and K-ras and p53 gene alterations in colon cancer
Use of 5-fluorouracil and survival in patients with microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer
Tumor microsatellite-instability status as a predictor of benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer
Combinatorial control of the specificity of protein tyrosine phosphatases
Oncogenic kinase signalling
Signaling mutations and autoimmunity
Increased mRNA expression of the receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha in late stage colon carcinomas
Overexpression of SAP-1, a transmembrane-type protein tyrosine phosphatase, in human colorectal cancers
A phosphatase associated with metastasis of colorectal cancer
Gene expression differences between the microsatellite instability (MIN) and chromosomal instability (CIN) phenotypes in colorectal cancer revealed by high-density cDNA array hybridization
Instabilotyping reveals unique mutational spectra in microsatellite-unstable gastric cancers
Activating mutations of the noonan syndrome-associated SHP2/PTPN11 gene in human solid tumors and adult acute myelogenous leukemia
Ptprj is a candidate for the mouse colon-cancer susceptibility locus Scc1 and is frequently deleted in human cancers
Mutational analysis of the tyrosine phosphatome in colorectal cancers
Molecular screening of potential HNPCC patients using a multiplex microsatellite PCR system
A National Cancer Institute Workshop on Microsatellite Instability for cancer detection and familial predisposition: development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer
Microsatellite instability of selective target genes in HNPCC-associated colon adenomas
Human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. I. Establishment and description of a new line
Human colon adenocarcinoma cells. II. Tumorigenic and organoid expression in vivo and in vitro
Screening for microsatellite instability target genes in colorectal cancers
Frameshift mutations in Fas, Apaf-1, and Bcl-10 in gastro-intestinal cancer of the microsatellite mutator phenotype
Protein tyrosine phosphatases: from genes, to function, to disease
Cancer biology. A matter of dosage
Haploinsufficiency for tumour suppressor genes: when you don't need to go all the way
Genome-wide review of transcriptional complexity in mouse protein kinases and phosphatases
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase D1, a potential regulator and effector for Tec family kinases
Mitochondrial AKAP121 binds and targets protein tyrosine phosphatase D1, a novel positive regulator of src signaling
Expression of FAP-1 by human colon adenocarcinoma: implication for resistance against Fas-mediated apoptosis in cancer
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Nightmares On Wax Tour dates 2017
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Sep 08 2017 6:00 PM
STS9 - Sound Tribe Sector 9, Nightmares On Wax & El Ten Eleven
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Antony Beaumont's new critical edition of Alexander Zemlinsky's A Florentine Tragedy will be performed for the first time in Macao on 29 July. Lü Jia conducts the Macao Orchestra in this concert performance.
Arvo Pärt's Berliner Messe, Magnificat and Da Pacem Domine will be performed on 28 July together with works by Johann Sebastian Bach at this year's Reykholt Festival, one of the oldest and most established music festivals in Iceland. Hörður Áskelsson conducts the Schola Cantorum and the Reykholt Festival Chamber Orchestra.
the most conservative orchestras, the most specialized small groups, they all at some point recognize the genius, greatness, and modesty of what he does.
At the same time, he's obsessed with how it has to be, he would never move an inch to the left or to the right. For me, he's a Schubert of our time. (Matthias Pintscher on Jay Schwartz)
Jeffrey Arlo Brown of VAN Magazine talked to German-born, New York-based composer and conductor Matthias Pintscher about Pierre Boulez, whether it's more fun to conduct or to compose, and about fellow composer Jay Schwartz.
On 15 July Leoš Janáček's Katya Kabanova made a welcome return to Opera Holland Park in Olivia Fuchs' highly-regarded production. Sian Edwards conducts the City of London Sinfonietta, with Julia Sporsén in the title role.
The Schwäbisch Gmünd Festival Europäische Kirchenmusik honours Wolfgang Rihm with their annual "Preis der Europäischen Kirchenmusik." Rihm would have accepted the prize on Saturday, 15 July, however he won't be able to attend the ceremony due to a severe illness. At 8pm works by Rihm will be performed under the baton of Jörg-Hannes Hahn.
the most conservative orchestras, the most specialized small groups, they all at some point recognize the genius, greatness, and modesty of what he does.
At the same time, he's obsessed with how it has to be, he would never move an inch to the left or to the right. For me, he's a Schubert of our time. (Matthias Pintscher on Jay Schwartz)
Jeffrey Arlo Brown of VAN Magazine talked to German-born, New York-based composer and conductor Matthias Pintscher about Pierre Boulez, whether it's more fun to conduct or to compose, and about fellow composer Jay Schwartz.
Béla Bartók wrote the first of his three piano concertos in the autumn of 1926. The Concerto No 1 was intended for Bartók's own concert appearances, and the first performance was given exactly 90 years ago, on 1 July 1927, in Frankfurt am Main as part of the International Society for Contemporary Music Festival, with Bartók as soloist under Wilhelm Furtwängler.
Due to its technical difficulty and its innovative approach – the instrument is treated rather like a percussive instrument than a piano – the work only slowly won recognition, which led the composer to defend it: "The piano concerto is far better and significant than the Dance Suite."
The birth of a musical work is a complex and mysterious matter – although often unintentionally so. It is perhaps for this reason that the composer is often reticent to describe the genesis of his works. (Luciano Berio)
Luciano Berio's Glosse was premièred today exactly 20 years ago by the Lotus String Quartet. If you want to find out more about the story behind Berio's string quartet, just follow this link:
Arvo Pärt is featured composer of this year's London International A Cappella Choral Competition (LIACCC), which runs from 25 June until 1 July. This year 16 choirs from 11 countries will be competing. Each group must prepare one work by featured composer Arvo Pärt, one piece of Renaissance Polyphony, plus music of the group's own choice.
A highlight of the event will the concert by Peter Phillips and the Tallis Scholars on Friday 30 June, when they will be performing Arvo Pärt's Nunc Dimittis and Triodion.
In 2015 the Tallis Scholars' released their highly acclaimed CD Arvo Pärt: Tintinnabuli. Visit the website of Gimell to read the liner notes and listen to excerpts of the recording's 23 tracks.
The composer on Arvo Pärt: Tintinnabuli:
I am delighted to hear of this CD's success. I have been very impressed not only by The Tallis Scholars' excellent and precise interpretation but also by the way this recording is presented, it proves a deep understanding of the system on which my compositions are based. An exemplary, flawless project which gives me much pleasure.
Kent Nagano conducts Arnold Schönberg's Gurre-Lieder tonight at the Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg. Schönberg worked on his Gurre-Lieder from 1900-1911, a period in which he left the work's style far behind. For him its completion represented the documentation of a compositional style and spiritual attitude no longer his own.
Still, at its 1913 première in the Vienna Musikverein the piece enjoyed overwhelming success; Schönberg's pupil Anton Webern wrote: "What a moment of my life! Unforgettable… The sensation of this tumultuous noise thrills me to the point where I swoon …"
The title of Lichtes Spiel might be translated as "Light Game" or "Light Play", and can be taken as a pun on the German expression "leichtes Spiel", meaning "an easy job"; or what one might call "Child's Play". Rihm has said that he intended it as "a transparent orchestral movement … something light, but not 'lightweight'".
The orchestration of Lichtes Spiel is based on that of Mozart's concertos and it will be performed together with works by Mozart on 14 and 15 June in Würzburg and on 16 June in Fürth. Leo Hussain conducts the Bamberger Symphoniker (Bart Vandenbogaerde, vln).
While I was writing it I had not yet heard Grubinger play […] Yet today I read that I had written the piece as if tailor-made for him and – although he described it as the most difficult thing he had ever played – he made it his own so brilliantly that the description seemed to fit. (Friedrich Cerha)
Tonight virtuoso percussionist Martin Grubinger presents the Monegasque première of Friedrich Cerha's Concerto for Percussion and Orchestra at the Auditorium Rainer III. Kazuki Yamada conducts the Orchestre Philharmonique de Monte Carlo.
The Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester dedicates its two-day In Focus festival to Paul Patterson, who will be celebrating his 70th birthday on 15 June 2017.
Patterson – who was influenced by Penderecki and Lutosławski and taught by Richard Rodney Bennett at the Royal Academy of Music – has long been at the forefront of new music, his output includes everything from aleatoricism to simple sacred music.
As part of the festival in Manchester, ten pieces that span five decades of composition will be performed to celebrate his 70th birthday. Among the works performed are the UE works At the Still Point of the Turning World for ensemble, The Sorriest Cow of Capricorn for soprano and pianoand Mean Time for brass quintet.
The music of Paul Patterson will also be heavily featured at the 13th World Harp Congress in Hong Kong in July 2017. Patterson is the festival's featured composer and will be conducting a masterclass and giving a lecture on his music.
Andrea Breth's production of Janácek's Katja Kabanowa – originally premièred at La Monnaie/De Munt – opens on 14 June at the Staatsoper im Schiller Theater Berlin. Sir Simon Rattle conducts the Staatskapelle Berlin.
You can watch their trailer here:
When Hans Gál's Das Lied der Nacht [The Song of the Night] was premièred in 1926 at the Stadttheater Breslau it received rave reviews. However, after the Nazis prohibited his works, Gál's dramatic ballad disappeared from stages completely.
On 4 June the piece will receive its UK première in a concert performance at The Queen's Hall in Edinburgh. Robert Dick conducts the Chorus and Orchestra of the Canongait.
This short montage from the recent fully-staged production at the Theater Osnabrück in Germany gives a taste of the music:


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The Isle of Enraki is a mountainous island in the centre of the northern Inland Sea.[1]
It is the home of the warrior-priests of the Monastery of Asswr sel Dablo. These fearsome holy men armed by the gods of War and Stone, reside in a fortress on the lower slopes of the island's central snow capped mountain. The unique shape of an Enraki shrine is "P", and such a shrine is often made in red-wood. The stone walls of the fortress-monastery are twenty feet high and the main gates are solid iron, flanked by two tall towers. To the south of Enraki lie the main trade routes between Kish and the Eastern Rim.
See AlsoEdit
- ↑ Seas of Blood - ???


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Go grey gracefully – the unexpected hair colour Little Mix and Kylie Jenner can't get enough of
Zayn Malik, Nicole Richie and even Rihanna have turned to the silver hue to make a statement
Process of the new grey 'do with @shivvvey @HMInspires @headmastersuk thanks @HairRehabLondon for my pieces xjadex pic.twitter.com/kRGj1rVEL4
— Little Mix (@LittleMix) January 18, 2016
RED, blue and green – the rainbow hair colours we can just about get on board with took the celebrity world by storm in 2015.
However, in what has to be the shock hair hue of the year, it would seem grey is the new thing to do to your tresses.
Taking to Instagram, Little Mix's Jade Thirlwall reignited the odd hair trend as she fully went for the silver shade.
The singer captioned the shock look: "Grey...shante you stay."
The star also shared a video with her Little Mix fans on Twitter showing the "process of the new grey do."
She captioned it: "Process of the new grey 'do with @shivvvey @HMInspires @headmastersuk thanks @HairRehabLondon for my pieces xjadex."
And she's not alone in opting for the grey hair dye as Zayn Malik famously did the same after quitting One Direction last year and of course, Kylie Jenner has experimented with the colour too.
Perrie Edwards, Nicole Richie and even Rihanna have also dabbled with a touch of grey.
And if you're considering being hair brave this year, Mark Hill has some advice for all potential greys.
Mark told OK! Online: "To achieve this trendy look, you firstly need to pre-lighten your hair and then a grey toner needs to be added on top. To keep on top of this look I advise you have your hair toned every 4-5 weeks.
"This uber trendy look works best on lighter hair, music IT girls Ellie Goulding, Perrie Edwards and Sky Ferriera have looked amazing rocking grey hair."
Have any grey thoughts? Share them in the comment box below.


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A Welcome from Our Senior Pastor
Thank you for visiting our website and I hope it helps you to catch a glimpse of who we are as a church. Even more, I pray that what you learn will make you want to either come visit us or to make us your church family.
Although we are a large congregation that offers a full array of ministries, we try hard to make each person know how much they mean to us and how much they mean to God. Our goal is to be so connected to one another that together we are able to fulfill our mission to Share Christ by Learning, Telling and Living His Story. We want to do our best to make you feel wanted and welcome, too!
So, use this site to find out what's happening and the ministries that might interest you or meet your needs—and I'll look forward to greeting you in person soon. Meanwhile, if I, or any of our staff, can assist you in any way, don't hesitate to contact us.


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Brandy Aniston is highly experienced at sucking cock, and is always ready and waiting. She's dressed in red lingerie for the occasion and is rewarded with a big dick to slobber over. She takes a nice bubbly load in her mouth and chin. Watch her POV style video!
»» Join Brandy Aniston at First Class POV


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better this time around: Carnival Paradise Cruise Review by jmdintpa
Overall Member Rating
better this time around
Destination: Western Caribbean
Embarkation: Tampa
this time totally different.
the paradise is older but was clean and i didnt notice any horrible wear and tear as noted in other reviews. trust me i looked. my room was R16, with a porthole. plenty of space for two, clean and great a/c and shower and quite. my room on celebrity wich was a balcony room was very noisy and you heard everything going on in the next room. no ice bucket but i gave the steward 5 dollars and ask for ice and after that the bucket was constantly refreshed.
the food was no problem. i sailed with celebrity last year and the food on paradise was just as good. celebrity doesnt offer lobster paradise did. we did More the anytime dining , never once waited for a table for two. the dining room staff were great.
we saw the country show and it was cheesy but fun. come on its not broadway people its a cruise line. dont expect sarah brightman or tommy tune or whatever there names are for your show. the only complaint i have is getting off the ship. we did the self debarkation. it took 2.5 hrs, on celebrity we walked right off the ship. i dont understand what the delay was. other than that, and that didnt ruin anything for me, it was fun. Less
Published 10/17/12
Cabin review: PTr16 Porthole
R16-quite , good a/c and great shower. plenty of room and we got a great price , got the portholes for the price of an inside.Read All Porthole (PT) Reviews >>
Read Cruise Critic's Carnival Paradise Review >>
Anniversary get-a-way
Lots of winners and few losers...
Cruise to Cuba
Adventure of a lifetime
Older Ship, Great Staff, Easy ...
Never Disappoints
A very pleasant surprise
Lots of winners and few losers...
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A sandwich, like a wallet, safely contains its precious contents, fits comfortably into a back pocket, and is rarely found by the police once it's been stolen. Keep tabs on beloved bread stacks with today's Groupon: for $8, you get a casual meal for two at Not Your Mom's Sandwich Shop (up to a $16 total value), which includes:
- Two sandwiches from the Our Faves menu (up to a $6.50 value each)
- Two fountain sodas (a $1.50 value each)
The creative duo behind Not Your Mom's Sandwich Shop, Dave and Nicole Stanley, roast meats in-house and craft homemade condiments before stacking them alongside local produce to create the restaurant's tasty menu. Pull apart the stringy interior of an upscale grilled cheese—made with cheddar, mozzarella, and parmesan—to nab a buttery bite or to hastily knit a scarf from the deliciously molten yarn. Homemade cranberry jam and cream cheese halt turkey breast in its tracks, and avocado wrangles the seasonal trio in a net of sprouts for easy transfer onto soft sourdough bread. Beefier options include a roast-beef sandwich or a meatloaf amalgamation with grilled onions and melted cheddar. All sandwiches are available grilled, pressed, toasted, or skewered on a sustainable unicorn horn. Wash down the high-stacked meal with a Coca-Cola fountain soda, or upgrade to freshly squeezed lemonade ($2.00).


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Hutson Photography Photographer
Brook - ModelModel Female Spokane, Washington, US
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About MeI have been modeling for almost a year now and really love the work. I am looking for opportunities to do fashion, glamour, fitness, and lifestyle modeling. Please feel free to contact me with critique, comments, suggestions, or modeling opportunities. My rates vary depending on assignment. I also do commericals and film which have included speaking roles in two movies thus far.
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Professional Counselling
You've made it this far, well done!
Seeking counselling isn't an easy thing to do. The great thing is that this is the start of your journey towards reaching your full potential.
At Salvos Counselling, we've got a range of services to support your wellbeing:
Individual Counselling: Talk through your difficulties with one of our caring, skilled counsellors. We can help you manage your feelings, set goals and take positive action.
Family Counselling: Healthy families are the key to healthy futures. We can work with you to strengthen relationships with your family members to ensure that your home is a positive and nurturing place to live and grow.
Children's Counselling: Our highly trained counsellors use play and age-appropriate activities to help children and adolescents express their feelings. Talk to us about how children's counselling may benefit your child or young adult.
Couples Counselling: We're passionate about healthy relationships. Sometimes it's hard to work through issues with our partner due to our personal involvement in the conflict. Let us be a non-judgmental professionally-trained supporter. We can teach you how to defuse conflict when it arises and strengthen your relationship for long-term happiness.
Pre-marriage Counselling: Invest in your future by undertaking pre-marriage counselling where you can learn and share together. We explore topics like: couples communication, identifying and managing stressors, resolving conflict and teamwork. It's the best way to kick-start your marriage.
Groups: We believe in the effectiveness of group therapy. Sharing with others in similar circumstances is therapeutic. We offer dance group therapy, music therapy, Parenting with Confidence classes and a whole heap more. Give us a call to find out about a group running near you.
The Nitty-Gritty Details
Each of our counsellors has the qualifications and requirements necessary to meet the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA) entry requirements.
Salvos Counselling is about bringing freedom and hope to all people looking for a high quality professional counselling service, regardless of financial status. Our fees are based on your ability to pay.
More information
For more information, visit the Salvos Counselling website or search using your postcode below to find your closest professional counselling service.
Visit the Salvos Counselling website


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Give that special runner in your life a gift certificate for an Ultimate Armband they will use (and think of you) when enjoying their best runs.
Give that special runner in your life a gift certificate for an Ultimate Armband they will use (and think of you) when enjoying their best runs.
This is the perfect present for that special someone who is always on the go—or who's always dropping expensive phones while jogging!
Give your active loved ones an Armpocket e-gift certificate for the holidays or for a birthday! Gift cards apply to any online purchase through our website—including all armband options and our strap extender. Digital gift cards are sent directly to you or the recipient instantly, so the excitement can start immediately.
E-Gift Card -
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superior quality
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Armpocket armband offers the highest quality, comfort, protection and durability for your valuable belongings
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Made from the finest ingredients our traditional shaving soaps and creams have excellent stubble softening and conditioning properties ensuring a close shave and beautifully scented skin.
Penhaligon's Endymion Cologne
Head Notes: Bergamot, Mandarin, Lavender and Sage
Heart Notes: Geranium and Coffee Absolute
Base Notes: Vetiver, Nutmeg, Black pepper, Cardamom, Musk, Leather, Sandalwood, Incense, Frankincense and Myrrh
Created in 2003, Endymion is a sensual fusion of citrus, spices and leather. It opens with a burst of sweetened mandarin wrapped gently in sage and lavender, then settles and smoothes gently into a dark coffee heart. As it warms up, mysterious resins rise up with hints of creamy nutmeg, cardamom and the softest leather. Spicy and fresh, it is a fragrance of contrasts, a seductive night time fragrance.
Endymion was a mortal who was so loved by the Goddess of the Moon that she put him to sleep forever so she alone could visit him every night.
The Penhaligon's Story
Over 135 years since the doors of the Penhaligon's barber shop first opened on Jermyn Street, William's hugely precious archives continue to inspire and inform everything we do. Our passion is to carry on his incredible legacy of creative and innovative perfumery, challenging the traditions of the art and seeking new ways to interpret elegance.
We continue to work with master perfumers who can interpret our distinctive ideas; conjuring up new perfume sensations that flow against the tide.
A hand-written formula by William Penhaligon Contradictory ideas don't come bolder than our best-selling men's fragrance Blenheim Bouquet . At its launch 1902, this was a brave new direction. Citrus based, it opposed the rich, heavy florals that were feted at the time. The world soon caught up with William's way of thinking.
Today, our scents are still made in England using the finest rare ingredients - from hand squeezed bergamot, to jasmine at twice the price of gold. Our signature Penhaligon's fragrance bottle is to William's original design: clear glass with a distinctive ribbon-wrapped stopper.


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Danada Wetland Project
District Wide CIP Stormwater Management Enhancements Project
Blackwell Forest Preserve Water Main Extension
Churchill Woods: Babcock Grove & Churchill Prairie Restoration
Blackwell and Warrenville Grove: Illinois to Treat for Gypsy Moth Beginning June 24
Blackwell Forest Preserve Off-Leash Dog Area Tree Removal
Brewster Creek Headwaters Project - Bartlett
Churchill Woods: McKee House
Danada Solar-Energy and Lighting Improvements
Blackwell Forest Preserve: Urban Stream Research Center
Blackwell Forest Preserve: Recreational Improvements
Danada Visitors Enhancements
Blackwell Alternative Fuel Station Improvements Phase 2
Blackwell: Fleet Management Building Project
Danada Visitor Gardens
Thick stands of invasive common reed once established large populations along Mallard Lake at Mallard Lake Forest Preserve in Hanover Park. This invasive species, also called phragmites, reduced shoreline access for wildlife watchers and anglers and degraded habitat for native plants and animals.
In fall 2011 the Forest Preserve District of DuPage County treated common reed found along Mallard Lake's shoreline and wetlands with an herbicide designated for emergent aquatic species by hand and helicopter. Follow-up herbicide treatments for phragmites and other invasive species such as Canada thistle and teasel occurred in 2012, are ongoing in 2013, and will be scheduled as necessary in 2014. Native plant seeding is scheduled for winter 2013 – 2014.
The District's aerial treatments for gypsy moths in forest preserve woodlands were so successful in 2010, that treatments were not needed in following years. This freed up funds for aerial herbicide treatments by helicopter for common reed. In addition, the District has received a $45,000 grant from the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency through their Priority Lake Watershed Implementation Program to assist with herbicide treatments and seeding. The District will fund supplemental control as needed.


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Emerald City and Other Stories (original 1993; edition 2012)
by Jennifer Egan
Work details
Emerald City by Jennifer Egan (1993)
No current Talk conversations about this book.
11 excellent short stories that show the power of Egan's words! The first, "Why China?" just blew me away with its stark emotions and beautiful words! And really, the 10 stories that follow echo that style! I really connected with all the characters, settings, and images - especially the San Francisco scenes. A vivid look at the entire human condition! Bravo!
Excellently written, picturesque, and so very grim.
This is a collection of short stories by Jennifer Egan, the author famous for "A Visit from the Good Squad." Although I am usually not a fan of short stories, I have greatly enjoyed Ms. Egan's other books so I thought I would read this one as well. Generally, the stories were interesting, as most took place in obscure locations and various countries. However, the themes of the stories were dysphoric. There weren't any happy endings to these stories and the characters were left with melancholy feelings about their lives and situations. Overall, I thought her stories were interesting enough for me to read the book quickly, but this was not really a fun read.
This book contains 11 short stories which have in common that the narrators have something to hide, to reveal or were once struggling a personal failure in their relationships. Each story is written like a story within a story. As a reader I always had the feeling that it starts very harmless - nothing to worry about the narrators or their surroundings but with the time being I was surprised what kind of history the narrators had to tell and with each new story I couldn't wait what kind of human fate would be released.
I'm not really a short story kind of person but I really enjoyed Egan's "A Visit from the Goon Squad" so I thought I would try this book. While the stories are well-written and interesting I found them all a little depressing and sad. And, as tends to be the problem for me with short stories, I wanted to know so much more about the characters than could be learned in 10 or 20 pages.
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0312151187, Paperback)
The theme of longing in all its forms-for change, for redemption, for travel outside the bounds of daily life to realms where anything seems possible--unites this master story collection. In the extraordinary "Why China?" a man drags his family to the Xi'an province in a desperate attempt to reclaim his lost integrity, only to find himself more reomte and mysterious than the place where his journey led. In settings as exotic as Kenya and Bora Bora, as glamorous as downtown Manhattan, or as familiar as suburban Illinois, Egan's characters--models, housewives, schoolgirls--seek transformation of the body and spirit, and trancendence of the borders of desire."
(retrieved from Amazon Thu, 12 Mar 2015 18:21:22 -0400)
Eleven stories on the vagaries of life. In Why China? a successful stockbroker yearns for the days when he was poor, in Passing the Hat, a wife observing a woman sleep around with men, is shocked to discover her own husband was one of them, while The Watch Trick compares the lives of two army friends, one who settled down, the other who didn't. By the author of The Invisible Circus.… (more)
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LocationEje Central Lázaro Cárdenas 2, Centro Histórico,
Ciudad de México, Mexico
What to orderbeer, gin and tonics
One of the best places in DF for a drink has some of the worst drinks. That place is the bar at tippy top of the Torre Latinoamericana, one of the city's tallest buildings. It's three floors below the observation deck, which you have to pay to visit. But if you go into the building ask the doorman for "el bar" or "el restaurant," he will shuffle you into an alternative elevator away from mass of tourists buying tickets. You ride up like a special guest, then transfer to an even smaller elevator, before being released to the best views of the city all for the price of a beer. The cocktails and food are terrible, so stick to beer or gin and tonics. The expanse of the most populous city in North America is a jaw-dropper and even the bathrooms have incredible views.


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The Hunterdon County Board of Freeholders want what is right for this county, I am certain of it. Now is the time for a few good men and one woman to come to the aid of vocational education's future in Hunterdon County. It is time to make a decision about a permanent home for Hunterdon County Polytech, and when people tell me that it is just not as simple as all that, I tell them "Yes it is!" Hunterdon County is the lone county of the 21 in New Jersey that does not have its own vocational school building, or campus. It relies on the goodness and space of some of the high school schools in the county. As a result, the freeholders do not have to go to the voters of Hunterdon County to ask them to foot the bill for another new school or building project that will increase the tax rate. But the need is real, and the situation is at a stage when a decision of some sort has to be made.
The future of vocational education does lie in the balance.
The Freeholders recently held a meeting with the Hunterdon County high school superintendents and they all told the board they would love to see Hunterdon County Polytech in one centralized location.
They all also said that there is a real need for vocational training in the county.
Polytech's Board of Education is supposed to have a recommendation ready for the Freeholders by the Monday, June 25, meeting. It is a date to mark on your calendar if you care about the future.
What that recommendation will be is anyone's guess, as all the local high schools are in a midst of a building crunch. Space is at a premium at Hunterdon Central, which is dearly looking forward to using the area Polytech occupies now for its own use.
"We are at maximum capacity," said Hunterdon Central Regional High School Superintendent LeRoy Seitz. "We do need the space in the Polytech building. It is a big problem for us."
It is also becoming an issue at North Hunterdon High School, where a new building referendum just passed and construction should get under way for additions in the spring of 2002.
Leases at both schools are now on a year-to-year basis, and Central's contract expires next June, an extension of a year.
Something does have to be done if there is any hope for vocational education in Hunterdon.
"There is a real need for Polytech to have its own centralized campus, its own building and identity," said North Hunterdon/ Voorhees District Superintendent Charles M. Shaddow. "I think the county Freeholders understand that, and are on the right track. They want to do it the right way, and I think that is prudent.
"But this is a big county, and Polytech needs its own home, with lots of room to grow in programs and develop new career options for the new millennium," Shaddow noted. "There is a need for vocational education. I don't think anyone disputes that. Now, we all have to find a way to get this done, and move vocational education in Hunterdon into a new era."
Freeholder Director George Muller said that he and the board would like to know Polytech's future by September, and that is something everyone interested in education in this county wants.
Several Options
He and the board have several options to take, with one of them letting all the five high schools handle their own vocational programs.
That is a real concern for the Freeholders, with some schools wanting to maintain at least some of the established programs that have a history in each school.
Voorhees and the North district would love to keep the Culinary Arts Program, instituted by Gary Peabody when Voorhees was built back in 1974. The "Cove Restaurant" is something that Voorhees would not like to lose. Neither would it like to lose the "Wee and Kinder-Vikes" child care program.
At North Hunterdon, the "Cosmetology" and "Auto-Repair" shops might be something the school would be interested in keeping themselves.
Shaddow said there is a history of those courses being held in the North District schools, and that it would be tough to let them go.
"The facilities are there, and the programs have been in place so long, that we feel it would be not in the best interest of our students or community to remove them," said Shaddow. "Plus, the child-care center at Voorhees is really a community thing too. It would tough to move it 10-12 miles to somewhere else. It would be a burden on those who use the service."
The Freeholders are worried that if the local schools hold those programs in-house, that the enrollment figures of the entire vocational program would suffer.
Hunterdon Polytech Superintendent Richard Van Gulik said that if, indeed, North Hunterdon and Voorhees high schools did keep those programs as part of their buildings, that they would not allow students from the other county schools into those programs.
"That is their policy, and there would still be a need for programs like them to be run," Van Gulik noted. "Kids from Central, DelVal and South Hunterdon would be looking for culinary, or auto repair, or cosmetology. We already have courses of auto and cosmetology already at both North and Central. And, kids from North Hunterdon would take advantage of other courses offered by us.
"I think there would still be a need, still be a student base for those courses . And, with a solid facility, they would grow, and hopefully flourish as a school with its own identity. I really still think the need is real, and the time is now to move forward."
The board has also talked of leasing and refurbishing the old Yale building across the street from the Hunterdon Central field house and use it for Polytech's headquarters. That had been on the table years ago, and back again.
The problem with that solution the last time around is the same today the cost to renovate the building to meet educational standards, and building standards f or a school building, put all that money into it and not own it. Way back when it was always deemed less costly in the long run to build from the ground up.
Time To Bite The Bullet
The final solution would be to build Polytech a new home, a new building with centralized offices, one staff and a full- service vocational school like every other county in New Jersey.
There is now state money available for building, especially with the Polytech feature in hand to take to the state. It is money that the state will give to help build an educational facility, in most cases providing about 40 percent of the funding. It might be time to bite the bullet and go to the taxpayers and ask the m to help fund a new home for an established program.
All these options cost something, some more than others, with the least of those letting each school run its own programs and let the county help with the funding.
Now Polytech is spread over three campuses soon to be just two and the cost of maintaining administrative costs in three locations is a problem. Constant busing is a problem, and the likelihood of being booted out for space considerations is a huge problem.
There seem to be still the same problems, the same dilemmas that have been gone over time and time again.
The Freeholders don't want to commit to any finances until the choice is clear. It has been ongoing since Polytech was founded.
The bottom line has always been the cost to do this, and this is where it now stands. But, it has stood there for at least the last five or six years, and has n ever moved.
There was a saying going around about this that stated, "If every Freeholder in Hunterdon County were laid end-to-end, they wouldn't reach a conclusion."
It is time to reach a conclusion for the sake of vocational education.


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|Doji Yuo
|8th century
|Morehei Daimyo
Doji Yuo of House Morehei was a daimyo of the Morehei, vassal of the Doji.
Morehei Island Edit
Yuo had a palace on an island just offshore of Mura Sabishii Toshi. The palace was a favourite summer home of the nobility of the Doji and Kakita families, and in the bay of the island was a large bronze statue of Suitengu, the Fortune of the Sea. [1]
Growing Edit
The island had few natural resources , so Yuo had transformed Shinden Morehei into a center of luxury, a favored place of relaxation and retreat for many prominent Crane. Sadly, the Morehei began to neglect the Temple of Suitengu, so the vengeful Fortune of the Sea delivered a warning to Yuo through a dream, but the arrogant samurai ignored it. [2]
Sunk Edit
In 8th century there was a tremendous earthquake that sunk the island into the sea. The city disappeared beneath the waves, but the statue's shoulders and head still stood above water and had come to be known as the "Sea King" by passing sailors. Pearl divers claimed the village that was there still stood, but where the palace stood was only a giant fissure in the ground. [1] It was said that Suitengu had punished Yuo for his foolish pride. [2] The Shipping Lane that connected Kyuden Doji with Ookami Toshi was named Sea King's Road after him. [3]
After Death Edit
When the earthquake struck, the greedy daimyo ran to the central vault of Shinden Morehei, to be with his treasures. He died there, and he was bound with them forever as a shozaigaki. [2]
|Preceded by:
|Morehei Daimyo
(c. 8th century)
|Succeeded by:
|This Crane Clan related article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


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|Bayushi Tagumura
|Month of the Hare of 1130
Bayushi Tagumura was a daimyo of a minor palace near Ryoko Owari and guard to the Scorpion Clan Champion Bayushi Kachiko herself. [1]
Death Edit
In 1130 in the Month of the Hare the alarm was raised when Emperor Toturi I was found to be missing from his chambers, which were bloodied with his fallen guards. [2] The Phoenix Clan Champion Shiba Tsukune and led guards through a secret passage beyond the Emperor's room and encountered Tagumura inside the secret rooms. Tsukune killed him when Tagumura resisted captured, finding in his hands an Akodo Dagger and a piece of Toturi's cloak. Within the dagger's tang was the name of its owner, Akodo Kage, who had died during the Clan War. [1]
Aftermath Edit
Kachiko was accused of Toturi's kidnapping and the Scorpion Clan sent to exile in the Burning Sands. [1]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The Exile of the Scorpion, Part I, by Ree Soesbee
- ↑ Hidden Emperor, p. 11
|This Scorpion Clan related article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


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Lalitavistara is a biography of Gautama Buddha. On Borobudur's reliefs, the story starts from the glorious descent of the Buddha from the Tushita heaven, and ends with his first sermon in the Deer Park near Benares.[13] The relief shows the birth of the Buddha as Prince Siddhārtha, son of King Suddhodana and Queen Maya of Kapilavastu (in present-day Nepal). The life of the Buddha reliefs cover the upper half of the main wall around the first gallery of the monument. There are a total of 120 panels. The reliefs were carved to illustrate the text known as the "Lalitavistara Sutra" (The Unfolding of the Play). This title refers to the idea that the Buddha's last incarnation was a performance intentionally given to enlighten mankind. The panels on the first gallery are some of the best-preserved reliefs on the monument.
Episode 1: The Prelude to the Birth of Buddha (panels 1-15)
The Buddha lives among the clouds above Indra's palace on the peak of Mt. Sumeru. The future Buddha tells the gods he has decided to be reborn on earth. Around his waist there is wrapped a cord that supports his right knee. This is a convention used in Borobudur to denote people of high status. In honor of his upcoming birth, a few gods go to earth to teach brahmans. The Buddha teaches the "Introduction of the Law" to the gods, and gives his crown to a bodhisattva named Maitreya, who is his successor-designate. The Buddha then asks the gods what form he should take in his mother's womb. Some recommend the figure of a human, but others tell him that in the brahmans' books, the Buddha is described as an elephant with six tusks, brightly shining, with head red that oozes with sap. Queen Maya and King Suddodana live in a palace in the city of Kapilavastu. The king grants her request to undertake a vow of self-denial. Queen Maya is seated in her quarters awaiting the Buddha's descent. During the "Great Descent", the Buddha sits on a throne in a pavilion, accompanied by an uncountable number of gods, nymphs, and other supernatural beings. While Queen Maya sleeps, the Buddha enters her womb in the shape of the elephant. That night a lotus grows from the oceans to Brahma's heaven. The lotus contains the essence of all creation. Brahma collects the essence in a bowl, and gives the Buddha the essence to drink as a mark of honor. This is one of the most popular scenes in ancient Buddhist art. Queen Maya decides to go to a forest of ashoka trees. She arrives and sends a servant to ask the king to meet her there.
Episode 2: The Birth and Early Life of Buddha (panels 16-45)
The king arrives at the edge of the forest but is not allowed to go any further. The queen tells him of her dream, in which an elephant enters her womb. She asks him to get brahmans to interpret the dream. The brahmans tell the couple that the queen will bear a son who will become either a universal ruler or a buddha. Indra and other gods offer for the queen to stay in their palace during her pregnancy. The unborn Buddha creates the illusion that the queen is in all palaces to prevent any of the gods or kings to be disappointed. During her pregnancy, the queen acquires certain powers, such as the ability to restore people possessed by supernatural beings to their normal state by letting them view her, and also the power to heal diseases. The king lives as a hermit during her pregnancy. Queen Maya asks the king to be allowed to give birth in the Lumbini Pleasure Garden. The queen sets out for the garden in a carriage. When she arrives, she walks until she comes to an ashoka tree which magically bends down for her. She grasps the limb, and the Buddha emerges from her right side. The baby takes seven steps in each of the four compass directions, and at each step a lotus springs up. After Sakyamuni's birth, Indra and Brahma disguise themselves as brahmans to congratulate King Suddhodhana along with many other gods. A week after the Buddha is born, Queen Maya dies and becomes a goddess. Her sister, Gautami, becomes the baby prince's guardian. Some members of the Sakya tribe suggest the child should be taken to the temple. When the prince arrives, the statues in the temple come to life and kneel before him.
Later on, when Sakyamuni comes of the proper age, he is sent to school. The schoolmaster is Visvamitra, and a god named Subhangga is also there. The story skips a few years and then describes a visit to a rural village. This is where the scene of the first meditation takes place. The prince sits down under a guava tree to meditate.
The king wishes Sakyamuni to marry because he remembers the prophecy that his son is to become a buddha or a great ruler. The prince tells him he will give his answer in seven days. The prince consents and chooses Gopa as his wife. Only she can bear to look at him without being blinded by his radiance. Gopa's father is not certain the prince is suitable for his daughter, so he requires the prince undergo some tests to prove his mental and physical abilities.
Episode 3: Buddha's Marriage and Renunciation of His Earlier Life (panels 46-75)
Sakyamuni and 500 other princes go out to the city to demonstrate his powers. He sets a problem that only he can solve. The next test is an archery competition. Sakyamuni used an ancient bow which had been preserved in a temple since his grandfather's time. He shot an arrow through seven trees, and through other various targets including an iron boar. Gopa's father agrees to the marriage. Various gods including Indra and Brahma congratulate him on his marriage and ask when he will begin his quest for enlightenment.
The king dreams of the prince's departure and tries to attract him to remain by building three more palaces to amuse him. The king posts guards around the prince's palace and sends young women to entertain him. This is one of the most successful compositions on the monument. One day the prince decides to go to a royal pleasure garden. Suddenly an old man appears to him, and the prince goes back to the palace. This is the first of the Four Encounters which motivate the prince to begin his quest for enlightenment. The second encounter the prince again sets out for the pleasure garden, but sees a sick man. Another occasion occurs where the prince sees a dead man surrounded by grieving relatives. The last encounter is again created by the gods, and involves a monk. He is at peace compared to the grief and suffering felt by the others. The princes meditates based on the example of the monk and on the path of salvation from suffering. Sakyamuni comforts Gopa that night who had a bad dream, then the next day went to the king and asked permission to leave. After the prince says goodbye to gods and other supernatural beings, cuts off his hair. Then he discards his royal robes and puts on orange robes of a passing hunter. The prince goes to two places where brahman female hermits offer him food. Sakyamuni embarks on a life as a wandering monk.
Eventually he reaches a kingdom called Vaisali where he asks permission to become a pupil of a brahman named Arada Kalapa. After some time Arada acknowledges the prince as his equal, and Sakyamuni also becomes a teacher. Later Sakyamuni decides to resume his travels, and comes to the city of Rajagrha to beg. The people are in awe of his appearance and think Brahma himself has come to beg. The next day a bright shining light comes from Mount Pandava where Sakyamuni is staying. The king asks him to stay and take half the kingdom. Sakyamuni later visits a teacher in Rajagrha named Rudraka and is invited to join him.
Episode 4: Buddha's Enlightenment (panels 76-105)
After a while the prince goes to Magadha. Five men from Rudraka's group decide to follow him, and they meditate on Gayasirsa Mountain. Then the prince and his new disciples go to meditate beside the river Nairanjana. This is where Sakyamuni practices such harshness that he nearly starves himself. Because he is near death, Queen Maya comes to see him and begins to cry. The gods offer to provide him with magical strength so he will not have to eat, but he is scared the people will believe he can live without food. He abandoned his fast, and the five disappointed disciples leave him.
The prince then goes to a place called Uruvila. Sakyamuni decides to put on a new robe, and takes a shroud from a dead woman named Radha. He washes it on a stone by a pond. When Sakyamuni tries to leave the pond, the demon Mara makes the banks rise enormously high. The goddess of a tree beside the pond bends her branch and saves Sakyamuni. Another god gives the prince a reddish robe. The village chief's daughter, Sujata, invites the prince to her house and feeds him. Sakyamuni returns to the Nairanjana River to bathe, and takes a golden bowl which Sujata gave him. Gods come to him and attend him. The prince sits down and finishes the food Sujata gave him. When he is finished, Sakyamuni throws the bowl into the river. Indra desired it, and turned into a garuda to take it from the naga king who saved the bowl. The prince then sets out for the enlightenment tree. Brahma and a group of gods go to pay homage to the prince. It is now time for Sakyamuni to seek a tree to meditate under. The demon Mara attacks the prince in a final effort of preventing him to seek enlightenment. Mara failed to defeat Sakyamuni by force, so he sends his beautiful daughters to try to arouse him, but this fails also. Sakyamuni reaches Supreme Enlightenment, and becomes Buddha, the "Enlightened One." Buddha remained in the same position for seven days, but arises to walk twice to far distances. Both times however, he returned to the sacred Bodhimanda.
Four weeks after enlightenment, Buddha goes to stay with a naga king named Mucilinda. The weather was poor so the naga king protects Buddha while he meditates. After five weeks, Buddha leaves Mucilinda's palace to walk to a banyan tree. On the way he meets frugals who ask him how he has borne such a week of bad weather. Buddha goes to meditate under another tree, and merchants pass by who are frightened by the portents, but a goddess reassures them. The merchants offer Buddha food. He would like a bowl to put it in, and the four gods, "Great Kings," each offer him bowls. Afraid to offend them he takes them all and combines them into one.
Episode 5: The Preaching of the First Sermon (panels 106-120)
That same night, the gods including Brahma and Indra, ask Buddha to preach the Law. By morning he agrees to preach, and asks to whom he should first preach the Law. He asks for Rudraka, but he has been dead for a week. Next he asks for Arada Kalapa, but he is also dead. Buddha then asks for the five disciples he had earlier, and he sees they are in the Deer Park at Benares. Buddha sets off for Benares, and on the way he meets a monk who asks where he is going. He goes through several cities, and is honored in each of them. Buddha comes to the River Ganges, and the ferryman refuses to row him across without payment. Buddha flies across the river, and the boatman faints.
Buddha arrives in Benares, and begs for food. He finds the five former disciples, and they are awed by his radiance and arise to serve him. The disciples ceremonially bathe Buddha. Then Buddha preaches his first sermon, which sets the "Wheel of the Law" in motion.[1]
See also
- Dhammacakka Sutta - the Buddha's first sermon in the Pali Canon
- ↑ Miksic, J. (1990). Borobudur: Golden Tales of the Buddhas. Singapore: Periplus Editions Ltd.


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Admire the most beautiful places of Pula and add them to your basket. YAMGU will create your trip considering distances, opening hours and weather.
Nora was founded by the Phoenicians at the end of the 8th or the 7th century BC (it depends on different interpretations) on the charming promontory of Capo di Pula, between sea and pools. In the ancient Phoenician, Punic and then Roman trade centre we can see the Phoenician necropolis, the inhabited centre and the Punic tophet. A beautiful theatre (beginning of the 1st century BC), one of the best preserved buildings of Nora, rises among the ancient paved streets. Imposing are the thermal baths, often decorated with splendid mosaics that date back to the 2nd- 4th![endif]-->!--[if>
The Tower of Coltellazzo rises on a promontory dominating the charming Nora bay, in an ideal position to control the sea and the inland. It was built in the first years of the 17th century over a Phoenician- Punic acropolis.
It was built of calcareous sandstone, in the shape of a truncated cone. The entrance leaded into a domed chamber with a pilaster in the middle and stiffening ribs. Various rooms were destined to the troops, the captain of the tower, or used as powder- magazine, storehouse, storeroom and a kitchen. A flight of stairs in the wall leaded![endif]-->!--[if>


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