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Conceived and designed the experiments: WJR JCB VAS. Analyzed the data: MAA DMU GPF. Wrote the manuscript: MAA WJR. Provided critical and technical revisions to manuscript: GPF DMU VAS JCB. Oversaw sample collection activities: VAS JCB. Provided final approval of manuscript: MAA GPF DMU VAS JCB WJR.
Exposure to estrogen-mimicking chemicals during critical periods of development, such as infancy, may have adverse effects. However, these effects can be difficult to characterize in most epidemiologic studies. For example, growth of reproductive organs may be susceptible to estrogenic chemicals, but measuring it requires skilled ultrasound examination; timing of pubertal onset may be altered, but observing it requires long-term follow up. To address the need for a simple marker of response to estrogenic exposures in infants, we propose a novel application of a classic marker of estrogen response in adult women: cytological evaluation of urogenital epithelial cells. In this cross-sectional study of 34 female and 41 male infants, we demonstrate that epithelial cells can be obtained from swabs of the vaginal introitus (females) and urethral meatus (males), as well as from spun urine, and that these cells respond to differential estrogenic conditions, as indicated by the relative abundance of the superficial epithelial cell type. To model varying estrogen exposure, we sampled from infants who were either newborn (highly exposed to maternal estrogens), or 12 weeks old (12W) (negligibly exposed to estrogen). Newborns had a higher percentage of superficial cells (%S), as compared to 12W (mean ± standard error: 8.3 ± 1.8 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2) (p < 0.01), consistent with an estrogen response. This difference in %S from newborn to 12W was observed similarly for swab (-7.6 ± 1.7) and urine (-7.3 ± 2.6) specimens and for males (-9.6 ± 2.9) and females (-5.2 ± 2.1). Examination of urogenital epithelial cells can successfully demonstrate estrogen response in both sexes, using cell specimens collected from either swab or urine sampling. In future studies, this simple, non-invasive method may be applied to assess whether estrogen-mimicking chemicals produce an estrogenic response in infants.
The endocrine disruption hypothesis states that hormonally active pollutant chemicals are interfering with endocrine function in the general population. Estrogen-mimicking compounds are perhaps the best studied of the endocrine disrupting chemicals. Exposure to these chemicals during critical periods of development, such as infancy, is of particular concern. However, while it is possible to measure an infant or child's exposure to a potentially estrogenic compound, there are few feasible, well validated ways of assessing response [1]. For example, exposure to an estrogenic endocrine disruptor during infancy may alter the timing of pubertal onset, but such an outcome takes many years of follow up to observe. Previously, we have attempted to develop valid, reliable methods of assessing estrogen response in young infants. Our model for estrogen exposure exploits the large natural change that occurs between birth (high estrogen exposure) and later in infancy (low estrogen exposure). We have shown that the uterus and male breast are large at birth, consistent with the known trophic effect of maternal estrogen, and that these organs shrink as the infant gets older and estrogen exposure is lost [2]. Accordingly, reproductive organ volume may be a useful measure for evaluating whether an infant is responding to a biologically relevant amount of a substance with estrogenic activity. These measures, however, are technically challenging to obtain--for example, evaluating the uterus requires ultrasound, and breast tissue can be difficult to distinguish from fat.
The epithelial cells of the vagina and urethra are additional markers of estrogen response that are simple to collect and analyze. Papanicolaou [3] first observed hormone-responsive epithelial cells in adult women, correlating periodic cytological changes in the vagina with phases of the menstrual cycle. Responsive cells were subsequently identified in the distal urethra of both males and females [4–7], as both urethral and vaginal tissues have embryologic origins in the urogenital sinus [8]. The cells of the epithelium naturally progress, or "mature", from basal/parabasal through intermediate to superficial types in response to hormonal exposures. Basal/parabasal cells predominate in low hormone life-stages (e.g., childhood, post-menopause), intermediate cells predominate under the influence of progesterone (e.g., the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle), and superficial cells, the most differentiated cell type, arise under the influence of estrogen [9]. Accordingly, a qualitative estimate of hormone exposure can be derived based on the proportion of each cell type in epithelial cell specimens collected from either vaginal smears or urinary sediment [10,11].
Urogenital epithelial cells in infants should exhibit responsiveness that is similar to that seen in adults. Superficial cells, for example, should be found in higher proportions in the neonatal period, due to high levels of exposure to maternal estrogen at term, than they are later in infancy, after the infant is no longer exposed to maternal estrogen, and endogenous estrogen production is low. Urethral epithelial cells collected from urine specimens [12,13] and vaginal cells from epithelial swabs [14,15] show this sequence. Here, we evaluate whether swabs from the distal urethra in infant males show the same pattern as cells from the vaginal introitus in infant females [15], and whether cells collected simultaneously from urine show the same pattern as those from swabs. We observe that urogenital epithelial cells, collected from swabs or urine specimens and from males or females, can serve as simple, minimally invasive, and readily interpretable markers of estrogenic response in early life, and should be useful in future studies of early life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals.
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Epidemiology Branch maintains a protocol for the collection and evaluation of specimens from healthy children. Studies on this protocol are usually small, involve minimal data collection, and produce study records that cannot be linked to the child once the study is complete. This overall protocol was cleared by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at NIEHS, and specific uses of it are reported yearly. Subject recruitment for this study was carried out by the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), and the specific study protocol was cleared by the CHOP IRB. A parent provided informed, written consent for the infant's participation.
Infants born between 37 and 41 weeks gestation, with a birth weight between 5 and 10 pounds, no known acute or chronic health condition, and no reported use of soy-based infant formula were eligible. All subjects were aged either ≤7 days ("newborn") or 12 weeks (± 3 days) to represent high estrogen exposure and low estrogen exposure, respectively. This design is intended to correspond to the natural model of high maternal estrogen exposure near term birth, and low endogenous estrogen exposure later in infancy [16,17]. Thirty-four female and 41 male infants were recruited. In general, a swab- and urine-based collection was attempted for each participant; 9 subjects contributed only swab specimens; both a swab and a urine specimen were processed for 29 females and 37 males.
Epithelial cells were collected from the vaginal introitus in female subjects, or the meatus of the urethra in male subjects using a saline-moistened Polyester –tipped swab. The swab was rubbed on the vaginal introitus or urethral meatus for 5 seconds, and was then placed in a centrifuge tube with 10 ml of SurePathTM (Becton Dickson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ) Preservative and stored at room temperature until processing.
Urethral cells were collected from bagged urine samples obtained from both female and male infants (Hollister U-Bag Urine Specimen Collectors; 100 ml bag for newborns; 200 ml "pediatric" bag for infants aged 12 weeks). The urine bag was firmly adhered to clean perineal skin and remained on the infant for up to 1 hour, or until a 50 ml specimen was obtained. Once collected, specimens were drained from the bag into clean, sterile urine cups and placed on ice. For specimen volumes > 45 ml, the volume was split between two cups. A volume of SurePathTM Preservative equal to the volume of the specimen was added to each cup. Specimens were thoroughly mixed and stored under refrigeration until processing.
Tubes containing the vaginal or urethral swabs were agitated to ensure transfer of the collected specimen from the swab to the liquid. Both swab and urine specimens were then poured into centrifuge tubes and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2000 rpm. The supernatants were decanted, and the remaining cell buttons mixed with SurePathTM preservative by vortexing. The resuspended specimens were then processed by the standard GYN SurePathTM processing procedure, and the slides stained with Sure Path PrepStainTM (Becton Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Specimen processing was completed at TriCore Reference Laboratories (Albuquerque, NM).
One pathologist (G.P.F., the "NIEHS pathologist") evaluated all specimens with an Olympus BX51 light microscope, using the 40x objective to accurately assess the nuclear chromatin pattern. When possible, he counted 300 cells; if a specimen was hypocellular, he counted 100, or all the cells if a specimen contained only 50 - 99. Specimens with fewer than 50 cells or those that had inflammatory cells, bacterial or yeast overgrowth, or cytolysis were excluded. We also excluded 3 urine specimens with abundant small basal cells of probable urothelial origin. These cells, which come from the bladder, are not estrogen responsive. A large number of such cells would distort counts and possibly obscure an estrogenic effect. The NIEHS Pathologist was unaware of the age and sex of the child from whom the specimens were obtained and could not link a swab specimen to its paired urine pellet specimen; he was aware of the study design and its hypotheses.
Swab and urine specimens were examined in separate batches, with all swab specimens evaluated first, and then all urine specimens. Each squamous cell in vaginal and urethral swab specimens was categorized into the following standard cytological types [9,18,19]:
Cells in urine specimens, alternatively, were categorized only as "superficial" or "other," since it was difficult to distinguish parabasal and intermediate epithelial cells of distal urethral origin from those of less responsive regions of the urogenital tract.
A subset of specimens was also scored by an independent pathologist in the processing laboratory (TriCore Reference Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM). The processing laboratory was not blinded to the pairing of the swab and urine specimens and implemented less stringent inclusion criteria than the NIEHS pathologist. One hundred cells from each slide were counted and evaluated as described by Naib [20], using criteria similar to those described above. For specimens with fewer than 100 cells, 50 cells were counted and doubled. Specimens with fewer than 50 cells were not scored, but no other exclusion criteria were applied.
Both swab and urine specimens were evaluated on the basis of the percent of superficial cells (%S), defined as the number of superficial cells divided by the total number of cells counted, similar to the "pyknotic index" used in previous studies [10]. For the data from the processing laboratory's evaluation of the slides, the percentage of superficial cells was defined using a total cell count of 100 for all samples, regardless of whether 100 cells were counted, or 50 were counted and doubled. The contrast between high and low estrogen exposure was operationalized as the dichotomous contrast between newborn (high exposure) and 12-week old (low exposure) infants. To account for the pairing of collection methods within subjects, we used a generalized linear mixed model. We regarded the number of superficial cells in a specimen as having a binomial distribution with the number of trials given by the number of cells counted. The observed percent of superficial cells for each specimen is then an estimate of its binomial probability. The generalized linear model for mean percent of superficial cells used the identity link and included main effects for age (newborn, 12-week), sex (female, male), collection method (urine, swab) and all their two-way and three-way interaction terms. The variance model accounted for random variation in observed percent of superficial cells associated with subjects and with subject-by-collection-method interactions and specified separate variance parameters for each age group. The mean percent of superficial cells and standard errors for age groups, sexes, and collection methods correspond to the least squares mean values as estimated in the generalized-linear-mixed-model analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by treating "newborn" status as the gold-standard outcome. A score of ≥5% superficial cells was taken as the test's informative cutpoint, on the basis of clinical observations reported by Collett-Solberg and Grumbach [21]. Analyses were completed using SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).
Of 141 processed specimens representing 75 infants, 94 specimens, representing 58 infants were successfully scored by the NIEHS Pathologist (66%, 36 complete swab-urine pairs) (Table 1). Most of the scored female specimens had enough cells present to obtain a total count of 300, whereas hypocellular specimens (50 - 100 cells) were common among scored males. Swabbed specimens were excluded due to insufficient quantity of cells (n = 11), inflammation (n = 7) and cytolysis (n = 1). Urine specimens were excluded due to inflammation (n = 15), insufficient quantity of cells (n = 8), excessive urothelial basal cells (n = 3) and bacterial overgrowth or cytolysis (n = 2). Specimen exclusions were most common among newborn males, where 80% of urine specimens and 46% of swab specimens were unevaluable, mostly on the basis of inflammation or insufficient quantity. Forty percent of 12-week female urine specimens were also excluded. The proportion of excluded specimens for other age, sex and collection method categories was < 25%.
Superficial and intermediate cells, indicated by large size and abundant cytoplasm, predominate in both swab and urine newborn samples (Figure 1A and 1B), with superficial cells being distinguished by the small, pyknotic nuclei. Alternatively, at 12 weeks, swab and urine specimens contained mostly the parabasal type, with some intermediate features (Figure 1C and 1D).
For newborn swab and urine specimens (Figure 2A), the percent of superficial cells was highly variable, ranging from 0 to >20%, with respective means and standard errors (SE) of 8.3 ± 1.7 and 8.4 ± 2.6. Alternatively, most 12-week specimens contained < 5.0% superficial cells (mean ± SE swab: 0.7 ± 0.3; urine: 1.2 ± 0.3). Similar patterns were observed when age groups were assessed by sex (Figure 2b). Using a cutpoint of ≥ 5% superficial cells, the sensitivity and specificity for this method were 59% and 96%, respectively.
Our data analysis did not support any two- or three-way interactions between age, collection method, and sex (all p-values > 0.20). For example, the decrease in %S from newborn to 12 weeks was not statistically different for swab (-7.6 ± 1.7) and urine (-7.3 ± 2.6) specimens (p = 0.91) as well as for males (-9.6 ± 2.9) and females (-5.2 ± 2.1) (p = 0.22). Consequently, the main effects alone summarize the important features of the data (Table 2). The mean percent of superficial cells differed significantly by age (p < 0.01; mean ± SE: 8.3 ± 1.8 and 0.9 ± 0.2, for newborn and 12-week specimens, respectively), but not by collection method (p = 0.84; mean ± SE: 4.5 ± 0.9 and 4.8 ± 1.3 for swab and urine specimens, respectively) or by sex (p = 0.57; mean ± SE: 4.1 ± 1.0 and 5.2 ± 1.4 for female and male specimens, respectively).
Using specimen evaluations from the processing laboratory gave results that were broadly similar to those based on the NIEHS Pathologist's readings. Among the 131 specimens evaluated, representing 70 subjects, 119 (91%) were scored; eight of the 12 excluded specimens (67%) were from newborn males. Like the NIEHS Pathologist's findings, these laboratory evaluations showed a significant difference in the percent of superficial cells between newborn and 12-week specimens (p = 0.04; mean ± SE: 10.1 ± 1.7 and 5.4 ± 1.4, for newborn and 12-week specimens, respectively). Notably, these mean percentages tended to be higher than those generated by the NIEHS Pathologist, particularly for the 12-week specimens. Expectedly, results from the processing lab indicated no difference between sexes (p = 0.94; mean ± SE: 7.8 ± 1.6 and 7.6 ± 1.5 for female and male specimens, respectively) or between swab and urine collection methods (p = 0.19; mean ± SE: 8.2 ± 1.2 and 7.2 ± 1.2 for swab and urine specimens, respectively). However, uniquely among newborn males (n = 19 swabs; n = 15 urine), the mean percent of superficial cells was 3.6% greater (p < 0.01) for swab specimens than for urines.
In this study, we used the framework of the natural hormonal decline in early infancy [17] to demonstrate the utility of urogenital epithelial cells as simple, highly specific biomarkers of estrogenic response in infants. We observed that superficial cells markedly declined between the highly estrogenized state at birth and the low estrogen state later in infancy. We also observed that this process happens similarly between males and females. We failed to observe a difference between the superficial cells detected in specimens collected via swabbed epithelium or urinary sediment, suggesting that either method may be suitable. The cell processing described here is similar to that for vaginal cytology previously used to measure hormonal responses in adult women [22]. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that epithelial cells can be successfully retrieved from a swab of the urethral meatus in young males. Both swab and urine collection methods provide a simple, interpretable measure of whether exposure to a biologically active amount of estrogen has occurred. The approach could be used throughout childhood in both sexes, and after puberty in males. As such, urogenital infant cytology should be useful in studies of early life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals.
While novel to the study of environmental endocrine disruption, estrogen-responsive epithelial cells have been well understood for decades and have been proposed as clinically informative biological endpoints in children. A predominance of superficial cells in the neonatal vaginal mucosa was noted as early as 1938 [23]; and, in the 1960s, superficial cells in urinary sediment were shown to decrease with increasing age in infancy and to rise with the onset of puberty in both males and females [12,13]. Clinically, a small study of children with endocrine-related disorders observed that 8 of 9 cases of premature thelarche (age 14-32 months) and 7 of 8 cases of gynecomastia (age 12-15 years) had ≥ 5% superficial cells in cells collected from urinary sediment, compared to 1 of 8 and 7 healthy control subjects, respectively [21].
Our study replicates the basic findings of several of these early studies and provides many practical considerations for study design, field application and sample analysis. In this respect, we observed that sample quality varied by sex, age at sampling, and collection method. Newborn males were prone to low cell counts and inflammation; urine specimens in this subpopulation were particularly problematic. These difficulties with newborn male sampling and specimen interpretation were possibly related to circumcision, but our data did not include circumcised state. In addition, newborn male specimen quality may have been compromised due to repeat sampling of the urinary meatus epithelial tissue: for example, if a swab was collected prior to a urine sample, the post-swab urethral tissue may have been depleted of informative cells at the time of urination. In a broader research context, however, it is important to note that newborns were sampled in this exercise only for the purpose of capturing a known period of high estrogen exposure. For future studies interested in elucidating responsiveness to exogenous estrogen exposures, this method would most suitably be applied to older infants, with low natural estrogen exposures.
We also observed that two different scoring approaches yielded similar results. The NIEHS Pathologist tended to count more cells per specimen than the processing laboratory and applied more stringent inclusion criteria. As a result, the NIEHS Pathologist provided high quality readings on a limited number of specimens. Conversely, by using less stringent criteria, the processing laboratory's results better represented the complete study sample. However, the laboratory's results may have been more prone to cell-type misclassification, including false identification of cells as superficial due to "pseudomaturation" (pyknotic nuclei), an effect of inflammation [9,11]. Such misclassification may have driven the unexpected difference in swab and urine specimens in newborn males in the laboratory analysis, as well as the overall tendency for the laboratory's mean scores to be larger than the NIEHS Pathologist's. Still, we reached the same overall conclusions from both approaches, so either approach can feasibly be taken in future studies. Sample size permitting, we expect that higher cell counts per specimen and stringent inclusion criteria will yield optimal results.
In this study, we have illustrated the potential for urogenital epithelial cells to be informative markers of estrogen response in healthy, term, normal birth weight infants. Additional study is needed to determine how epithelial cell characteristics might depend on gestational age, birth weight, and method of delivery, as well as demographic characteristics such as race. Ultimately, though, our findings support the extension of established cytological methods as a simple, inexpensive and minimally invasive way to detect a young child's estrogenic response. We are currently conducting a study of infants fed soy formula who have relatively high exposure to the plant estrogens genistein and daidzein. We are using the method described here, as well as organ volume and concentrations of serum sex hormones, to establish the utility of different measures of estrogen response. As a result of this work, we hope that future studies will have methods, usable in infants, which credibly demonstrate biologically meaningful exposure to estrogens, including environmental endocrine disruptors.
We want to thank the network of primary care clinicians, their patients and families for their contribution to this project and clinical research facilitated through the Pediatric Research Consortium (PeRC) at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
This research was supported (in part) by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The funding for this study was provided by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health (Intramural Project ES044006), where Drs. Rogan, Adgent, Umbach and Flake work. Drs. Stallings and Bernbaum and the data collection activities were supported by a contract between Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and NIH. The work was carried out collaboratively.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all babies have a feeding assessment between day 3 and day 5 to assess latch and weight gain. You are welcome to call MilkWorks in Lincoln at (402) 423-6402 or MilkWorks O in Omaha at (402) 502-0617 and schedule an appointment with one of our Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs).
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Welcome to the McNealy Lab Website at Clemson University!
Fall 2016
And we're back!
With nine undergraduate and one graduate student members, the McNealy lab is back in action as the Fall semester begins. Find out what our students did with their summers and what they're working on now!
The McNealy lab is all about adaptability. How do we react to the world around us? In particular how do microbes react to the world around them and how does that affect the way we react to them. Our lab focuses on microbial biofilms of food and water - inn this niche, microbes exist, persist, survive and adapt to a wide variety of factors.
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We also research how to improve detection of biofilms found on food - in particular on ready to eat produce. E. coli and Salmonella cause millions of infections each year and their contamination of food leads to large recalls which are economically disastrous to producers. Collaborative efforts to improve detection of pathogens before the produce leaves the field will significantly reduce both disease and economic impact of these pathogens.
Click through our website to find out more and see some brilliant images and video of our current research. You'll also find out more about the people in the lab, our activities, opportunities in the lab and our publications. Feel free to contact Dr. McNealy or any of the McNealy lab members with any questions.
The McNealy lab is currently recruiting for a Masters level graduate student to begin in January 2016. This student will work on the food pathogen/produce biofilm project. Contact Dr. McNealy if interested.
Current opportunities for undergraduate students may be available in the McNealy lab starting in Spring 2016. See the Opportunities Section for more information. Contact the lab for more information.
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- SecureWorks IPO does not offer investment opportunities over other players in the cybersecurity space.
SecureWorks (SCWX), the cybersecurity subsidiary of Dell, filed its S-1 with the SEC last week to go public. Making SecureWorks public is part of Dell's strategy to finance the giant merger with EMC (NYSE:EMC) by selling some assets, making other assets public, and receiving debt financing for the remaining $67B Dell agreed to pay for EMC.
SecureWorks is one piece of the massive big-data/cybersecurity portfolio the combined Dell-EMC company will have and also includes EMC's RSA, Pivotal and Virtustream. In an earlier article, I mentioned that the Dell-EMC deal could pave the way for additional mergers among the cybersecurity businesses mentioned above. EMC might want to keep RSA within the merged company as a strategic asset—Pivotal and Virtustream might be very good candidates for future mergers into SecureWorks. Such future mergers will allow the combined company to offload non-core and non-strategic assets, reduce operating costs, achieve cross-company efficiency, and improve business focus.
Financials Analysis
SecureWorks provides a broad range of cybersecurity solutions for enterprises that include firewall/malware protection, endpoint threats analysis, incident response services, threat intelligence, and other related products. SecureWorks provides both the software solution and the professional service to enable enterprises to ramp-up and maintain IT infrastructure security while using SecureWorks solutions. Most of the companies' revenues—around 80%—are generated from subscription-based solutions, while professional service revenues account for the other 20%.
As shown in the chart below, SecureWorks generates an increasing amount of revenue year-over-year in an impressive 24% annual growth rate. While the comp any has kept a steady level of SG&A expenses over the years, it increased investment (mainly cash bonuses) in administrative and sales personnel in 2016 toward becoming a standalone company. This drove the SG&A expenses significantly higher and pushed operating loss to a record ~$80M at the end of this year.
This year, SecureWorks issued a convertible note to its investors that will be changed into either SecureWorks common stock in the IPO or Denali's (Dell's parent company) common stock. Currently, this is the only debt on the SecureWorks balance sheet that is expected to be removed once the company goes public.
SecureWorks Valuation
As the demand for cybersecurity solutions has risen in the recent years, many software developers in this area experienced sharp top-line growth rates. As shown in the chart below, SecureWorks' revenue increased to 89% over the last four years, which puts it between the ultra-growth companies of the sector like FireEye (NASDAQ:FEYE), Palo Alto Networks (NYSE:PANW) and CyberArk (NASDAQ:CYBR) and the bigger, more stable companies like Symantec (NASDAQ:SYMC) and Check Point Software (NASDAQ:CHKP).
Even though SecureWorks underperforms the phenomenal growth rates of the top three mentioned above, its 24% annual revenue growth is very impressive and could easily appeal to investors. SecureWorks has not disclosed any expected price range, amount to raise, or valuation; however, different estimations project that the company will go public in a $2B valuation range. Using this figure enables us to add some more color to SecureWorks' competitive positioning. Looking at the valuation metrics comparison below reveals that SecureWorks might be dragging on the price-to-earnings ratio due to the negative bottom line, but its price-to-sales ratio is reasonably competitive compared to its peers.
Negative P/E and considerable P/S is usually common among young, fast-growing startups. SecureWorks has been in the cybersecurity business since its inception in 1998—for a 17-year-old company, this is a troubling indicator. This is a similar situation as Palo Alto Network and FireEye. However, SecureWorks grew significantly slower than they did, as presented in the chart above.
SecureWorks IPO is likely to take place next year as a part of Dell's attempt to finance the EMC deal by selling and making public selected assets. SecureWorks is one piece of the significant cybersecurity portfolio in the merged Dell-EMC company and might be used by a target company to receive some of EMC's security businesses in the future. SecureWorks presents impressive top-line growth. However, it underperformed compared to the leading growing players in the market. Taking into account SecureWorks' growth rate and valuation, I see no real benefit in investing in SecureWorks IPO.
For more articles on IPO coverage visit here


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09635219, Molding
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Profile: Baron Browning
Schools of Interest: Alabama, Michigan, Notre Dame, Ohio State, Oklahoma. TCU, Texas, Texas A&M, UCLA and USC.
Evaluation: The Kennedale, Texas, prospect is a physical freak that shows tremendous burst and mobility for his size. He demonstrated very good straight-line speed, registering a 4.56 time in the 40-yard dash at 232 lbs., and also the ability to make cuts and change direction.
Browning is a big and physical presence on the field, especially intimidating at the linebacker position where you just do not see many guys with his size playing standing up. He missed much of his sophomore season, but bounced back with a strong junior year that saw him pile up a ton of honors and accolades. He moves all around the Kennedale defense. He will play up on the line of scrimmage as an edge rusher and he will move to the middle to stop the run. He shows a high acumen for playing against the pass, which is rare for a linebacker with his size. Could play a range of positions: outside linebacker, middle backer or defensive end.


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I sold a large gun safe when I left Canada. The guy that bought it came with a friend and slings and had it in their truck in 15 minutes. They did take the doors off first, but I don't think that made all that much difference.
1- Don't advertise what you have in terms of wealth or security.
2- Safes should be bolted to the floor or wall.
3- Weapons should be accessible by you at all times.
(Less than 10 seconds, preferably 5)
4- Practice, practice, practice
(point shooting practice can be done w an empty weapon, in your home)
The guy that bought it came with a friend and slings and had it in their truck in 15 minutes.....
A safe is meant to be bolted down. No safe even a bank safe can stop someone who has enough time and equipment. If you are out and away for a few hours your safe can protect your valuables. The bigger the safe the heavier and harder to move. Mine is nearly 6 feet tall. It was not terribly difficult to get into the basement but will be much, much more difficult to get out. It is much better to have the safe than have valuable jewelery lying around on top of a dresser. It is a wonderful place to keep ammo and precious metals.
Safes only work if you are prepared to protect them from intruders. If you aren't armed don't bother with a safe, you want the robbers out of the house as quickly as possible hoping that they won't shoot you. The less time they spend around you, the easier it is for them to get what they want the less likely they will kill you.
Don't bother getting a safe until after you have armed yourself and have practiced regularly at the range at least a couple of times a month for 6 to 12 months. Feel really comfortable carrying and shooting.
If somebody forcibly enters your house they deserve the death penalty, give them what they deserve. It sounds harsh but to me a robbers life is not worth much. They deserve whatever bad happens to them.
If more people were armed and armed robbery were more hazardous we would have much less of it.
It took me about a year to feel comfortable carrying ALL the time, now I feel uncomfortable when I'm not.


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How-To Guides
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Transmission Fluid, Automatic Transaxle - How To Replace
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Joined: May 2002
Posts: 463
2008 Scion tC
Joined: May 2002
Posts: 463
Jul 11, 4:01am -
Transmission Fluid, Automatic Transaxle - How To Replace
Basic Inspection - Checking the fluid level
Drive the vehicle so that the engine and transaxle are at normal operating temperature.
Fluid temp: 70 - 80 °C (158 - 176 °F)
Only use the "COOL" range on the dipstick as a rough reference when the fluid is replaced or the engine does not run.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and set the parking brake.
2. With the engine idling and the brake pedal depressed, shift the shift lever into all positions from P to L position and return to P position.
3. Pull out the dipstick and wipe it clean.
4. Push it back fully into the pipe.
5. Pull it out and check that the fluid level is in the HOT range. If the level is at the low side, add new fluid. Fluid type:
ATF Type T-IV Capacity: 4.1 liters (4.3 US qts, 3.6 Imp. qts)
NOTE: Do not overfill.
Check the fluid condition. If the fluid smells burnt or is black, replace it.
How To Replace Automatic Transmission Fluid
1. Remove the drain plug and drain the fluid.
2. Reinstall the drain plug securely.
3. With the engine OFF add new fluid through the oil filler pipe.
Fluid type:
ATF Type T-IV
1ZZ-FE engine: Up to 2.1L (2.2qt, 1.8imp qt)
2ZZ-GE engine: Up to 4.0L (4.2qt, 3.5imp qt)
4. Start the engine and shift the shift lever into all positions from "P" to "L" position and then shift into "P" position.
5. With the engine idling, check the fluid level. Add fluid up to the COOL level on the dipstick.
6. Check the fluid level at the normal operating temperature, 70 - 80 °C (158 - 176 °F), and add as necessary.
NOTE: Do not overfill.
Check the fluid leaks. Check for leaks in the transaxle. If there are leaks, it is necessary to repair or replace O-rings, gaskets, oil seals, plugs or other parts.
Inspect and adjust the shift lever position
When shifting the shift lever from the N position to other positions, check that the lever can be shifted smoothly and accurately to each position and that the position indicator is not aligned with the correct position. If the indicator is not aligned with the correct position, carry out the following adjustment procedures.
1. Loosen the nut on the shift lever.
2. Push the control shaft fully downward.
3. Return the control shaft lever 2 notches to N position.
4. Set the shift lever to N position.
5. While holding the shift lever lightly toward the R position side, tighten the shift lever nut. Torque: 13N.m
(130 kg.cm, 9 ft.lb)
6. Start the engine and make sure that the vehicle moves forward when shifting the lever from the N to D position and reverses when shifting it to the R position.
Inspect and adjust the park/neutral position
Check that the engine can be started with the shift lever only in the N or P position, but not in other positions. If it is not as stated above, carry out the following adjustment
1. Loosen the park/neutral position switch bolt and set the shift lever to the N position.
2. Align the groove and neutral basic line.
3. Hold in position and tighten the bolt. Torque: 5.4 N.m (55 kg.cm, 48 in.lb) For continuity inspection of the park/neutral position switch.
Check the idle speed.
Idle speed: 650 ±50 rpm (In N position and air conditioner OFF)
Joined: Jun 2015
Posts: 3
New Member
New Member
Joined: Jun 2015
Posts: 3
New South Wales
Jun 10, 1:52am -
Hey guys sorry to revive an old thread,
My Toyota Celica 2000 has done 200,000km's and I think it's time for a transmission fluid change
Would this be correct:
Drain the transmission fluid, and refill via the dip stick opening. ~ 4L
Then run the car for 10 mins,
and do the same thing to help dilute the old oil in the torque converter
This is correct ? no filter change required.
Joined: Jun 2015
Posts: 3
New Member
New Member
Joined: Jun 2015
Posts: 3
New South Wales
Jun 12, 4:50am -
Hey guys just went ahead with a drain and fill x 2 (to dilute Torque Convertor)
I can say that the shifting from gears 1-4 is much smoother now.
Another note is that a 10mm Hexagon tool is used to take out and put in the Tranny Plug.
Joined: Feb 2016
Posts: 12
2003 Toyota Celica GTS
Joined: Feb 2016
Posts: 12
Feb 16, 12:16pm -
Thanks for posting your experiences, @StevenBoh. I just bought a 2003 Celica GTS with 153,000 miles (246,00 km), unknown service history. Mine shifts real hard (clunking sound) occasionally going from 1st to 2nd or neutral to reverse. Took it to the local Toyota dealer; they suggest an ATF change every 100,000 miles; he said he would avoid changing the fluid as it might dislodge some gunk and make matters worse. A Toyota dealer's online parts guide
does show a filter assembly, I think my dealer was talking about replacing the fluid and filter and flushing it; probably the flush would flush gunk deeper. So maybe just a fluid change would be safer for me; sounds like it helped for you.
Toyota 2003 maintenance schedule
recommends ATF change at 90,000 miles for severe service.
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The Crisis
The Crisis, founded by W.E.B. Du Bois as the official publication of the NAACP, is a journal of civil rights, history, politics, and culture and seeks to educate and challenge its readers about issues that continue to plague African Americans and other communities of color. For nearly 100 years, The Crisis has been the magazine of opinion and thought leaders, decision makers, peacemakers and justice seekers. It has chronicled, informed, educated, entertained and, in many instances, set the economic, political and social agenda for our nation and its multi-ethnic citizens.
Common terms and phrases
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|2,900 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|5 - 10 nights
Click the 'Availability' button above to check available dates.
This stunning home offers the best of both worlds: the comfort of a spacious, private home and access to all of the facilities of the Mauna Kea resort - one of the most beautiful resorts in all of Hawaii. Come relax in the privacy of what we hope you'll feel is like your home away from home that we have outfitted with many extras for the whole family to enhance your stay. A well-stocked high-end kitchen including wine refrigerator, games, beach towels and toys, coolers, snorkel gear, fast wifi, flat screen TVs with AppleTV with Netflix and more in every room are just some of the things we provide. In addition, you will have access to private concierge services to facilitate every aspect of your trip, from purchasing groceries to stock the refrigerator before your arrival, to restaurant recommendations and reservations, and helping arrange activities throughout the island. Our local property manager is available to you 24x7 for any needs that might arise.
Staying in this house entitles you to full use of the amenities of the Mauna Kea resort for a nominal fee ($65/day which covers all guests). Championship golf, tennis, beaches, heated pools, restaurants, spas, fitness centers, shops, business center and valet parking are just some of the options available to you at both the Mauna Kea Beach Hotel and the Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel with full signing privileges. The beautiful white sand beaches are consistently rated the best beaches in all of the Hawaiian islands. Swim, snorkel, boogie board, paddle surf, play in the sand, or relax on the hotel-provided lounge chairs under beach umbrellas. Or just hang out by the wonderful heated pool. Scuba diving, whale watching, shopping and farmer's markets are all just minutes away.
Located in the Uplands at Mauna Kea, the house is designer-decorated inside and landscaped by a renowned Hawaiian landscape architect. The beautiful furnishings and appointments set this never before rented house apart from others like it. Inside the house, the spacious master bedroom suite opens out onto the lanai and features a king-sized bed, an abundance of closets, and a spacious en suite bathroom with a deep soaking tub and a large walk-in shower. The second bedroom features a queen-sized bed with an en suite bathroom. The third bedroom also has a queen-sized bed with a nearby bathroom with shower. The fourth bedroom is a large ohana suite ("ohana" is Hawaiian for "family") with a private entrance, and features two queen sized beds, en suite bathroom with shower and a kitchenette.
The communal areas are just as inviting. The kitchen is equipped with Viking appliances including a gas range, and granite countertops. It is a joy to cook in with a huge selection of pantry items, cookware, and dishes. Relax in the oversized couches and chairs in the living room or family room. Gather in the family room to watch HDTV with Apple TV enjoying movies, live sports and news, music, and even content from your iOS devices or Mac. Sit the whole group down at a beautiful dining table that seats up to 10 people or have casual meals indoors or out at smaller glass tables. With a central stereo system, you can enjoy your music throughout the house.
Outside, enjoy the incredible views of the ocean, Maui, and breathtaking sunsets over the foreground golf course from the spacious lanai. Swim and frolic in the 40' saline infinity pool, which is heated at no additional cost. Relax in the couches, chairs and lounge chairs with afternoon smoothies and cocktails or in the spa for a post-swim or end-of-day soak. Enjoy your meals at the additional outdoor dining table so you can watch the views, or your kids.
If you are ready to leave the resort, great restaurants and shopping in Mauna Lani, Waikoloa, and Waimea are close by. Talk to us and we can fill you in on our experience with the wonderful mix of luxury stores, department stores, boutiques, art galleries, dining, farmers markets and even dive shops!
Current fees for Mauna Kea Resort Membership:
$ 65 per day for the length of your stay (irrespective of the number of guests)
Cancellation Policy:
Our cancellation policy is that we will give a 75% refund if cancelled within 10 days and the entire security deposit. After 10 days, no refunds will be given. Since our guests often book their travel plans far in advance, we would likely be unable to rebook the house at a later time.
We are a family – two grown daughters and our Mom, an interior designer. We have been going to Hawaii for over 20 years, and hope to retire here some day.
Diana Nemirovsky purchased this house in 2015
After many visits to the Maui, we came to the Big Island and the Mauna Kea resort and have never looked back. It has been our dream to own a home here, and now we do and want to share it with you. When recently the opportunity came up to buy a vacation home, it didn't take much convincing to choose this house in Moani Heights just a mile from the beach. We love how the outside is welcomed in through so many windows and glass doors offering views of the beach, ocean, and golf course. Mom is an interior designer and on seeing this house immediately fell in love. The quality and care of the finishes, decorating and landscaping set it apart from all others we looked at.
Had a great time. Lovely, comfortable home, well supplied and very nicely decorated. Definitely want to return!
The house was fantastic and the owner and local property manager were a pleasure to work with and very helpful. I would highly recommend the house to anyone considering staying there. Every amenity and in excellent condition. Lanai and pool area with ocean and mountain views was the perfect late afternoon family gathering spot after a day of beach or other activities. Comfortable and well appointed living areas and kitchen all with views made morning coffee and breakfast for the family a pleasure. Signing up for the resort privileges provided the best of both a great home and all the resort amenities. Driving down and parking (lot or valet) was super easy and included as part of the resort privileges.
This home is very well maintained and stocked with EVERYTHING you will need. There are many good restaurants and shopping centers near by as well, which is very convenient. We traveled with our 4 boys and my elderly mom and aunt, and the house was a perfect fit for us. We would definitely come back again!
This property is exquisite! The house is beautifully furnished-- and meticulously maintained. It was perfect for 4 couples-- all at an invitation for my husband's 60th Birthday. The layout of the house is such that we each had our own private space but the common areas-- kitchen, dining, family room and lanai are very spacious and easily accommodated all of us for meals and evening cocktails. The infinity pool is beautiful and the perfect temperature for an afternoon or early evening swim. I love the water feature in the entry courtyard-- what a wonderful soothing welcome to the Island! Even though my favorite vacations are all about eating out - this home is so fabulous that you won't want to leave for dinner. We grilled out twice and spent the evening lounging around the pool. Of course, the use of the resort amenities is a huge plus-- we love both the Mauna Kea and Hapuna Prince restaurants, golf courses, and beaches. Both Diana (owner) and Kathleen (property manager) are wonderful to work with -- so geniune and personable. Can't wait to vacation here again!
We've been coming to the Mauna Kea for years and have rented multiple properties and this is by far the best rental we've had. The home is beautiful and so well kept you wouldn't even know it was a vacation rental. Everything was really clean and this is the only rental we've had that offered a mid-week cleaning with the rate. It was so nice to have the kitchen and bathrooms cleaned mid-week. Another amazing feature is the fact that they will stock the fridge for you at the cost of groceries – no additional charge! My nephew's birthday was on Sunday and we were worried we wouldn't have time to get a cake, so they went to Costco and ordered a sheet cake with a dinosaur on it and my 2-year old nephew could not have been more excited. I gave them the list of groceries and put "if possible" next to almost everything and they went to four different stores to complete my order, now that's service! Kathleen the onsite contact was great to work with before we arrived and for the first time since we've been coming to the island, we had a rental that had zero issues. We never had to call Kathleen to come fix anything the entire time we were there. I can't say enough good things about this rental. We will no longer try other properties at the resort, this will be our only rental in the future. Thanks for such an amazing trip!
Refreshing to find all the features of the home, including the views, were exactly as advertised. The resort access was a plus.
Our family of 7, after a busy day, relaxed outside and around the pool. If you like this part of Hawaii, the big island, this is a great location.
Im a tough customer to please- I have no complaints
I would recommend this home to my friends, and would gladly return.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
Sep 11 2017 - Nov 16 2017
5 night minimum stay
Thanksgiving Week
Nov 17 2017 - Nov 26 2017
7 night minimum stay
Winter Holiday 2017/18
Dec 16 2017 - Jan 7 2018
10 night minimum stay
Presidents Week
Feb 16 2018 - Feb 25 2018
7 night minimum stay
My Standard Rate
5 night minimum stay
|Property Damage Protection
|Refundable damage deposit
|Cleaning Fee
|$500 + Tax
|Tax Rate
Cancellation policy is to refund 75% of your booking (and of course 100% of your security deposit) if cancelled within 10 days of booking. Because our guests often book far in advance, it would be a challenge for us to find another guest if we allowed later cancellations, so we are unable to offer refunds after 10 days of booking. If your plans are not finalized yet, we might be able to hold your dates for a few days while you coordinate with others in your group - just ask us!


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These eco-friendly items are really unique. From solar charging kits to water-powered calculators ePromos offers a wide range of solar & water powered promotional items as alternative to batteries.


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As hospitals form more expansive networks, small inefficiencies in individual credentialing processes compound and become increasingly disruptive at the system level. But for healthcare organizations that do credentialing well, the positive results are substantial. They include reduced costs and risks, to both the patient and the institution, quicker performance, and enhanced revenue, all centered on delivering safe, high-quality patient care.
How to design an efficient centralized credentialing department
I was invited to present the recent Becker's Hospital Review webinar, Credentialing Advancements in a New Delivery Era: How to Work Smarter in This Ever-Changing Environment. The one-hour webinar covers steps organizations should take to design an efficient centralized credentialing department and includes:
- Strategies to achieve meaningful alignment and operational efficiencies to optimize credentialing
- How inefficient credentialing has a direct impact on physician satisfaction and the revenue stream
- Symptoms of incomplete credentialing integration
- Real-life success stories shared through case studies
Learning points
Participants will be able to:
- Describe the negative impact that inconsistency and lack of standardization in credentialing has for healthcare organizations
- Recognize the benefits, challenges, and solutions to centralizing credentialing activities across an integrated healthcare system
- Identify opportunities for capturing a meaningful ROI, including reducing A/R write-offs, claim holds, and delays for new practitioners to generate revenue
Should you wish to discuss this webinar or any challenges you're facing, please contact The Greeley Company at (888) 749-3054 or reply to this email. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how The Greeley Company might assist you with your challenges and needs—as well as share stories of other clients we've helped.


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Sitter in New York City
hi my name is Jenna, i am 24 years old and have 2 beautiful children. i live in the quiet park of Saratoga West comunites..... malta NY and am looking to make some extra income as i am a single mother. i can sit your children for $25 a day for however many hours needed. i can work WITH you to what helps you and meets your needs. i am not intrested in charging outragous fees. i have no drug, criminal, or arrest history a background check can prove this. i can sit in my home, it is a beautiful 3 bed 2 bathroom modular with a nice yard and clean enviorment.
Sitter Details
|Email Address
|Phone Number
|518-681-... Confirmed
|Provider Type
|Age Group
Newborn (0-12 months)
Toddler (1-3 years)
Early School Age (4-6 years)
Primary School Age (7-11 years)
Preteen/Teenager (12+ years)
Children's Crafts
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How to Rock Braces and Glasses
By Hachette Book Group, Inc.
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
Show the world how you rock braces and glasses!
Upload a photo of yourself to try on different braces and glasses combinations.
When Kacey Simon, the super-stylish and uber-harsh,social dictator of Marquette Middle School, is saddled with coke bottle glasses, a mouth full of metal, and … a lissshp, she falls so far down the social ladder she can barely see the top, even with her magnifying specs.
With nowhere else to turn. Kacey has to hang with her nerdy neighbor and a boy who walks to the beat of his own drum – or rather, to the beat of the drummer in his band. Zander wants Kacey to be their singer, but she's determined to reclaim her throne. Will she climb back to the top? Or will she discover that hitting rock bottom kind of… rocks?
Celebrate the debut novel from Meg Haston by giving braces and glasses a shot!
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It is awesome. So much fun. And the books are amazing. You should get the app and read the books.
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- Updated: Nov 08, 2013
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- Languages: English, Basque, Dutch, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Vietnamese
- Seller: Hachette Book Group, Inc.
- Copyright 2012 Hachette Book Group / © 2012 Alloy Entertainment
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Get an overview of this hotelFamily-friendly Protaras aparthotel in Paralimni - Protaras with restaurant
Popular property highlights
Located in Paralimni - Protaras, this family-friendly Protaras aparthotel is within a 10-minute walk of Pernera Beach and Kalamies Beach. Protaras Ocean Aquarium and Profitis Elias Church are also within 2 mi (3 km).
Property Features
A restaurant, an outdoor pool, and 3 bars/lounges are available at this aparthotel. WiFi in public areas is free. Other amenities include a poolside bar, a children's pool, and laundry facilities.
Room Amenities
All 88 apartments offer balconies, sitting areas, and kitchenettes with refrigerators. Coffee makers and hair dryers are among the other amenities available to guests.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
Windmills Hotel Apartments
Property Amenities
Property Amenities
Windmills Hotel Apartments features an outdoor pool and a children's pool. The aparthotel offers a restaurant. Guests can unwind with a drink at one of the aparthotel's bars, which include 3 bars/lounges and a poolside bar. Public areas are equipped with complimentary wireless Internet access.
This family-friendly aparthotel also offers tour/ticket assistance, laundry facilities, and a grocery/convenience store.
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 88
- Number of bars/lounges - 3
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Grocery/convenience store
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
- Laundry facilities
- Poolside bar
- Restaurant
- Pool sun loungers
- Children's pool
- Outdoor pool
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Outdoor pool
- Children's pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchenette
- Grocery/convenience store
- Laundry facilities
- Playground on site
- Refrigerator
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Room Amenities
- Separate sitting area
- Balcony
- Air conditioning
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Kitchenette
- Refrigerator
- Coffee/tea maker
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)
Where to Eat
Continental breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning.
Family Restaurant - This restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. A children's menu is available.
Nearby Things to Do
An outdoor pool and a children's pool are on site.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Playground on site
- Scuba diving on site
Property Policies
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are available for EUR 10.
- Free cribs (infant beds)!
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Optional extras
- Fee for continental breakfast: EUR 5 per person (approximately)
- Rollaway beds are available for an additional fee
Property Name
- Windmills Hotel Apartments
- Windmills Hotel Apartments Protaras
- Windmills Protaras


text: Sir Walter Raleigh was an explorer who searched for El Dorado but was unsuccessful. SourcesEdit Indiana Jones and the Lands of Adventure External linksEdit Walter Raleigh on Wikipedia Retrieved from "http://indianajones.wikia.com/wiki/Walter_Raleigh?oldid=37102" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Historical figures Add category Cancel Save


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Riddiance is the main villain from Paper Mario: The Benclank Battalion, although it is not revealed until the end of the game that he has been possessing Benclank. Before he appeared in that game, his backstory was revealed in Benclank's Gone: The Story.
Personality and Abilities
Riddiance, having been created at the dawn of time from all things Chaotic, is not the nicest creature. He has terrible grammar, hardly ever making sense, and often changing the subject. He can possess almost anything, ranging from Benclank, to End Boss, to even The Snarl.


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How to say CASH in Thai kæʃ
Would you like to know how to translate CASH to Thai? This page provides all possible translations of the word CASH in the Thai language.
- เงินสดThai
Discuss this CASH Thai translation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
"CASH." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2017. Web. 24 Jul 2017. </translate/CASH/TH>.


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Ask a Lawyer and Get Answers to Your Legal Questions
Hello, and thank you for contacting Just Answer. I am an expert here and I look forward to assisting you today.
There is no way short of court for you to find out what he is spending the money on or to have him account for the money.
You can check with the local probate court to see if he has gotten a guardianship, it would be in your brother's name.
If he was the guardian then he shouldn't have mingled the monies into his account.
In addition, a special needs trust can only be used for limited purposes.
Are you there?
It looks like the chat function may be having a problem. I'll switch this to a Q and A format.


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Helping Out for March 23, 2014
Second Harvest Northern Lakes Food Bank seeks many volunteers to help keep things in the food bank's warehouse running smoothly. Call Sarah Bourcy at (218) 727-5653, ext. 110, or email email@example.com for information.
- Sanitize and Keep it Safe: Assist staff with stringent sanitation requirements. Sweep, dust, mop or sanitize the ware-house and clean room. This is a wonderful opportunity for small to large groups. Must be able to stand, lift, bend and follow warehouse safety procedures. Wear comfortable shoes and clothing.
- Repack, sort and label food: Help sort and repack dry foods or perishables, or re-labeling cans. Must be able to stand, lift, bend and follow warehouse safety procedures and food sanitation practices. Wear comfortable shoes and clothing. Hair nets, gloves and other food safe supplies will be provided when required.
- Pack commodity food: Help prepare some of the more than 950 boxes of commodity food that is distributed to in-need mothers, children and seniors throughout the region as part of the Nutrition Assistance Program for Seniors and Mother and Children programs. Must be able to stand, lift, bend and follow warehouse safety procedures. Evening hours are available.
The Foster Grandparent Program is recruiting volunteers to serve as tutors and mentors in the Duluth/Superior/Cloquet areas at public and parochial schools. Foster Grandparents do a variety of activities with children from helping with homework, teaching to read, one-on-one tutoring, and guiding children at critical times in their lives. Volunteers who serve also assist with literacy and math skills, social and emotional skills, and act as mentors.
Foster Grandparent Program volunteers are men and women who must be 55 years or older and volunteer between 15 to 40 hours per week. They receive a small, tax-free stipend, transportation assistance, training, vacation and sick leave, recognition, social activities, and the satisfaction of knowing that they've made a difference in the life of a child.
To volunteer or for more information call (715) 394-5384 or (888) 338-6492, or email email@example.com.
CASDA seeks volunteers to help provide supportive services to people hurt by domestic violence, sexual assault or child abuse. Volunteer opportunities include child care, front office support, client transportation (mileage paid) and on-call hospital advocacy. Call Jill, volunteer coordinator, at (715) 392-3136 or email email@example.com for more information or to make an appointment. Prospective volunteers can also apply between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. Monday through Friday at 318 21st Ave. E., Superior.
Viewcrest Health Center seeks volunteers to run the on-site gift shop. Volunteers must be friendly and comfortable with handling money. Volunteers are needed to fill any two-hour time slots throughout the day on Saturdays and Sundays. Contact Denise at (218) 279-4210 for additional information.
If your organization needs volunteers for a cause, you can make a request to readers. Send it to Helping Out, Duluth News Tribune, 424 W. First St., Duluth, MN 55802, email email@example.com or fax 720-4120.


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Continuing on the theme du jour, here is another Christmas present make I wanted to share with you – this little quilted Minecraft cushion which I made for my computer game fan sister.
If you don't know what Minecraft is, I think it's a game where you have to find blocks of different materials and then you can build things with them (sorry if you know a bit more about this one and are a bit dismayed by my explanation there) Anyway, looking at screenshots of Minecraft with all the blocks of different colours, I knew there would be a good patchwork project to be found there.
And I wasn't the only person to make the Minecraft/quilt connection. Doing a little online search I found that there were lots of people who have also make some lovely quilts on this theme. I decided a quilt might be a bit ambitious, but a cushion would be a nice sized project for me and would be a nice present too.
One popular motif was for a creeper, which is a sort of little monster made of grass (?) It's got quite a simple design and colour palette* (and Rich thinks it's got a friendly face, although I'm not 100% sure about that) so I thought it would be a good one to do. I cheated a bit with the designing part as found this amazing answer to my prayers in the form of this Quilt along with Dawn video.
I really recommend Dawn's video, but just wanted to share a few pictures of my cushion in progress. I have made quilts in the past and really complained about how time consuming and boring I find it, but this time I sewed the pieces together in pairs to form rows and then just sewed the rows together (I don't know if you can tell from my pictures. Night time pictures) and this really cut down time cutting off loose ends and neatened it all up and was a much better experience.
After sewing all of my squares together I backed my cushion with a square of one of my favourite green shade fabrics, and inserted a zip (rather than doing the pillow opening in the video) I didn't put a border on my cushion as it fitted my cushion pad perfectly like this – in fact the cover could have done with being a little bit smaller so the pad really stuffed it and gave it shape. I perhaps could have been a bit more organised taking measurements (my seam allowances may have been a bit smaller than Dawn's when I look back).
I admit the whole thing is a bit of a wonky one, but I think the overall effect is quite grand, and what a lovely personal present if you have a friendly computer gaming friend.
*here is the explanation for why I had so much green fabric lying around for our Christmas leaf wreath.


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2000 Plus® Self-Inking Stamp; 1/2x1-3/8", Up to 4 Lines
Item #: 901-1SI20P
Model #:
Brand: 2000 PLUS
$17.99 Each
Product Highlights
- Stamp Type: Custom Message Stamp
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To add your own logo or see more options for this product, please call 1-800-789-6040
- Message area: 1/2Hx1-3/8"W
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- If you're looking for more options on this product, please call 1-800-789-6040.
|Stamp Type : Custom Message Stamp
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|Features : Ink pad is built into the stamp
|Brand : 2000 PLUS
|Weight : 0.50 lbs. per Each
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Customers also bought


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Doctor insights on:
Pain In Back When Taking A Deep Breath
I'm having pain in my back when taking a deep breath. Should I be worried?
Evaluation: Could be your heart, arthritis, slipped disk, herniated disk, kidneys, etc.. Get checked by physician. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
I have a sharp pain in upper back when taking a deep breath for about a year or more?
To figure out pain..: To figure out pain that happens only with deep breaths, one has to write down on a big calendar: when it happens, exactly what happens, what makes it worse, what makes it better, what food/drink/meds he took that day, what activities/sports he did that day, etc... Take the diary to the dr. With 3 weeks of data for evaluation. It could be the pleura (the lining), ribs, spine, nearby nerves, etc... ...Read more
I'm 32 weeks pregnant and have been feeling numbness in my mid back left side. Also had shooting pain in upper right back when taking deep breaths?
Call your OB MD: Call your treating OB MD and let him/her know who can provide the best advice since they have examined you continuously during this pregnancy. ...Read more
I have upper right back pain when taking a deep breath for a couple of
days now ?
Exam: Please proceed to your local ER or UC clinic to evaluate your lungs with both a chest x-ray and pulse oximetry. Never ignore chest pain related to deep breathing. ...Read more
What causes sharp upper back pain when taking a deep breath?
Several things: It could be from a cracked rib or inflamed rib joint. A blood clot caught in the lungs can do this. Irritation of the lung lining can do it too. If you are having trouble catching your breath, call your doctor or go to an urgent care or emergency room. ...Read more
Deep mid back pain, sharp when taking a deep breath just at the end of the breath. Not too severe but bothersome and only feel when inhaling deep?
Pleuritis--see M.D.: This pain at the end of a deep breath in the back at the age of 27 if you are healthy suggests to me pleuritis or costochondritis. If you have no fever then it is likely not bacterial but viral as it usually is found to be. Regardless, If this is ongoing for more than a couple of days, I would see your doctor. If you have a family history of significant heart disease, I would call your M.D. now ...Read more
Started working out. Today sudden upper left back pain when taking deep breath and now hurts when i move/walk. What could it be?
Muscle strain: you probably have a muscle strain and spasm from working out It can be painful and sharp It does hurt more with movement Rest it, moist heat, and some advil (ibuprofen) If you get shortness of breath or increased chest pain then followup with ER but I feel that it is just a muscle strain at your age ...Read more
25 yr old female. Chest pain on and off. Rib pain. Both hurt when flexing back and taking deep breath. What could cause this?
? costochondritis: This is an inflamation of your rib joints as they join your sternum (breast bone). Common in young women. It hurts to take a deep breath because that is when those joints move. If significant pain, youcan take Ibuprofen and use a heating pad. ...Read more
I have upper right back pain and right side neck pain, right side chest pain. It shoots from the back to the from. Back pain when taking deep breaths?
Rhomboid and: levator scapulae muscle spasm is known to do the same thing with localized sharp back pain radiating to the front under the collarbone. Try warm compresses and firm massage on that side of back. Usually resolves so long as you are not experiencing breathlessness. If you are proceed to the ED for a chest xray to eliminate a pneumothorax or pulmonary embolus. ...Read more
I am a 60 year old female and I have recently started having shortness of breath after housework. I also shake when inhaling deeply. Concern?
Yes!: Your shortness of breath associated w/activity may be equivalent to "chest pain" although you may not be reporting "pain". Best to chat w/your Family Doc and get your heart checked out. Your risk for heart disease increases if you have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and/or smoke. Don't wait until things get worse. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer


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Aaron Nola is in elite company as only the sixth LSU Tiger to win a national player or pitcher of the year award.
He will receive the award for his tremendous pitching career from the College Baseball Hall of Fame. It will be a sweet recognition, even if he has already moved into the pros, pitching for a Philadelphia Phillies' farm team.
LSU fans were thrilled with his talent from his freshman year. He will always be a fan favorite in his home town and home state.


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Finland - Apply Passport Related to Military Service
A passport can only be issued to a person liable for military service which is valid until the end of the year in which he turns 28, unless he can prove that his duty to defend the country does not constitute an impediment to issuing a passport.
A Finnish military is eligible to apply for a passport related to military service.
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- Passport applications must be submitted in person. A valid passport or identity card is needed to prove the applicant's identity.
- It is a good idea to ask the police to send the finished passport to your home address as a registered letter.
Required Information
A list which displays the kind of information which is required to complete the procedure. e.g. 1. Date of Birth. 2. City or County of Birth.
- Submit your passport application at the service points of the local police in any locality.
- Complete an application form.
- Prove your identity and submit the required documents.
- Have your fingerprints taken.
- Pay the fee.
When a passport is applied for, two (2) fingerprints of the applicant are taken using a fingerprint scanner. As a rule, the prints of both forefingers are taken. In the event that no prints can be obtained of the applicant's forefingers, an effort will in any case be made to obtain two fingerprints of an adequate quality of the fingers that can be fingerprinted.
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Required Documents
- 1 photograph (no more than six months old)
- a passport or an identity card(N.B. Not a driving licence)
- For males aged 18-30: a military passport or a non-military service or call-up certificate. (Unless the person liable for military service can prove that his duty to defend the country is not an impediment to issuing a passport, he may be issued a passport that is valid until the end of the year in which he turns 28.)
Finland has introduced new guidelines for passport photos. The aim of these requirements is to standardize passport photos and improve the verification of passport holders' identities. To check for the guidelines, click on this link: https://www.poliisi.fi/poliisi/home.nsf/files/Passikuvaohje_07-02-2007_EN/$file/Passikuvaohje_07-02-2007_EN.pdf.
Passport - 52 €
Passport for veterans of Finnish wars - 26 €
Temporary passport - 52 €
Fast-track passport - 64 €
Express passport - 83 €
Emergency passport - 80 €
Explain the time until which the certificate/document is valid. e.g. Birth Certificate Valid Forever
Documents to Use
Form DS-11: Application for a Passport:
Sample Documents
Please attach sample completed documents which would help other people who would like to follow this procedure.
Processing Time
- The processing time of a passport is about one week.
- The processing time of a fast-track passport is 2-3 working days. It can be submitted and the finished passport may be collected from any police service point providing license services.
- The delivery time of an express passport is 1 working day. An express passport will be ready on the same day, if the application is submitted before 11 a.m. Otherwise the passport can be collected on the following working day.
A finished express passport can only be collected from Pasila license services point of Helsinki Police Department: Pasilanraitio 11, 00240 Helsinki or from the National Traffic Police service point at Helsinki-Vantaa Airport.
Office Locations & Contacts
To find a local police station to your area, click on the link below:
Police Contact Information: https://www.poliisi.fi/poliisi/home.nsf/www/contactus
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Videos explaining the procedure or to fill the applications. Attach videos using the following tag <&video type="website">video ID|width|height<&/video&> from external websites. Please remove the "&" inside the tags during implementation. Website = allocine, blip, dailymotion, facebook, gametrailers, googlevideo, html5, metacafe, myspace, revver, sevenload, viddler, vimeo, youku, youtube width = 560, height = 340, Video ID = Can be obtained from the URL of webpage where the video is displayed. e.g In the following url "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0US7oR_t3M" Video ID is "Y0US7oR_t3M".
Information which might help
- The prints of both forefingers are taken. In the event that no prints can be obtained of the applicant's forefingers, an effort will in any case be made to obtain two fingerprints of an adequate quality of the fingers that can be fingerprinted.
Other uses of the Document/Certificate
Please explain what are other uses of obtaining this document/certificate. e.g. Birth Certificate can be used as proof of identity.
External Links
Passports for persons liable for military service: https://www.poliisi.fi/poliisi/home.nsf/pages/ADF9B1D5D0366555C225780D003A200D?opendocument
Prices for Police Services: https://www.poliisi.fi/poliisi/home.nsf/pages/1C6E6CB545F4B16BC2257B0C0031E6F3?opendocument
More information which might help people.


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Billy Bob Thornton (born August 4, 1955) is an American actor, screenwriter, director and musician. Thornton gained early recognition as a cast member on the CBS sitcom, Hearts Afire, and in several early 1990s films including On Deadly Ground and Tombstone. In the mid-1990s, after writing, directing, and starring in the independent film, Sling Blade, he won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He appeared in several major film roles following Sling Blade's success, including 1998's Armageddon and A Simple Plan. During the late 1990s, Thornton began a career as a singer-songwriter. He has released three albums and was the singer of a blues rock band.
In "Livin' on a Prayer", Lois and Hope & Ben Jennings observe their children Stewie and Scotty Jennings playing and Lois notes that they get along better than Billy Bob Thornton and his cat. The ensuing cutaway gag shows a naked Thorton receiving a bath from his cat.


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Seven Feathers RV Resort - Oregon RV Resort Living at its Finest
Borne from the rich legacy of the Cow Creek Band (Umpqua Tribe First Nations) history, Seven Feathers is a full Nevada-style casino with 1300 slot machines, numerous table Games, live Poker, Keno and Bingo. The Casino features 68,000 square feet... more
Mar 9, 2012 10:36 AM RV Travel
Travel the Yucatán Peninsula
The Yucatán Peninsula, in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico. Yucatecan food is its own unique style and is very different from what most people would consider "Mexican" food. more
Feb 29, 2012 10:10 AM RV Travel
Travel Sinaloa Region in Mexico
This coastal state is a narrow strip of land that lies between the ocean and the foothills of the Sierra Madres. Sinaloa is traversed by many rivers, which carve broad valleys into the foothills and it has a warm friendly climate... more
Feb 29, 2012 9:11 AM RV Travel
HOLEY WATER: The Yuma Siphon
The hole is the Yuma Siphon, a massive tunnel under the Colorado River that's been delivering irrigation water to the Yuma Valley since June 29, 1912. And the birthday present is a spiffy new exhibit all about the Siphon's history that the Yuma Cross more
Feb 27, 2012 8:51 PM RV Travel
Lighthouse RV Park
From the Lighthouse RV Park you can see Denman Island and the Chrome Island Lighthouse. Denman Island is in a unique West Coast rainforest ecosystem and features sandy beaches, rocky coves and lush forests. Two provincial parks on the island provide more
Feb 27, 2012 6:25 PM British Columbia
Walton's RV Resort
Although they claim to not have anything to do with the Walton's of television fame, the parallels in philosophy are not lost on their customers: integrity, family values, and trust. Slowly but surely, the landscape of the RV lifestyle... more
Feb 24, 2012 4:10 PM British Columbia
O'Keefe Ranch
Traveling through the Okanagan Valley in early summer is like passing through an impressionist painting. Driving north along Kalamalka Lake, the water's many colours frame a landscape of hills painted with yellow sunflowers and grasses that have not more
Feb 24, 2012 3:11 PM RV Travel
Cypress Hills, Alberta
About half-way between Calgary and Regina, Cypress Hills Inter-provincial Park offers two different access points – from the Alberta side or from the Saskatchewan side. Either way, it's a short half-hour drive south from the Trans Canada Highway. more
Feb 19, 2012 6:48 PM RV Travel
Geocaching & RVing – A Perfect Combination for Adventure
There's a secret adventure hiding along almost every road you rumble down in your RV. It's an easy-to-understand high tech treasure hunt called geocaching. Geocaching is an outdoor game where you use GPS-enabled devices, like smart phones, to hunt... more
Feb 19, 2012 6:05 PM RV Travel
Badlands Passion Play
Behind every great production, lies inspiration. Every year, well in advance of the Badlands Passion Play, inspiration and anticipation draws musicians, actors, designers and carpenters from around the country, to begin dedicated rehearsals... more
Feb 19, 2012 4:00 PM RV Travel
Grande Cache - One Day Historical Driving Tour
People knew about the high quality coal here for years, but the railroad and the access road were not built until 1969. It was only after the newly forged access road and railroad went in that the coal could be exploited and a mine could be built... more
Feb 19, 2012 3:31 PM RV Travel
Edmonton & Area
Feb 19, 2012 9:00 AM RV Travel
Haida Gwaii Museum & Skidegate Days, Queen Charlotte Islands
Several heritage buildings dating back to 1909, line the main road of Queen Charlotte City, providing interesting subjects for photographers. The Premier Hotel, the old hospital, the old schoolhouse, and the old sawmill site offer a fascinating... more
Feb 17, 2012 7:35 AM RV Travel
Cariboo Chilcotin Circle Route, B.C.
You'll be travelling through some of the most amazing wilderness on the Coast Cariboo Circle Route. This trek through Western Canada takes about 13 days at a leisurely pace to complete and from the feedback we've heard, will be one of the highlights more
Feb 17, 2012 6:27 AM RV Travel
Cariboo / Chilcotin
The vast and storied landscape of the Cariboo Chilcotin Coast reaches from the remote wildness of the Pacific Coast to the Cariboo Mountain Range, with deep forests, hidden wild mountain lakes, craggy peaks and lush grasslands rolling through... more
Feb 17, 2012 6:13 AM RV Travel
Photo Expedition Journal – Entry 1: Photo expedition to the Sunshine Coast
It's like hunting with camera – not a gun. You could shoot anything but you don't want too; the prey you're after is elusive and mysterious: the perfect combination of light, form, texture, subject and shadow. You'll know it when you see it. more
Feb 17, 2012 6:12 AM RV Travel
Thompson Okanagan
The Thompson Okanagan region, Canada's wine country, is located in the interior of British Columbia, offers a spring and summer climate reminiscent of many areas in Southern California. Orchards, crystaline lakes, excellent fishing, and... more
Feb 16, 2012 11:46 AM RV Travel
Vancouver Island Lighthouse Route
This region on the east side of Vancouver Island runs from Nanoose Bay to Campbell River on Hwy 19A – the Oceanside Route. The area is named after the Chrome Island lighthouse off the southern tip of Benby Island more
Feb 16, 2012 10:18 AM RV Travel
Butterfly Gardens in Victoria, B.C.
How does a relaxing day in the tropics sound… on your next vacation to Victoria? In the heart of the Brentwood Bay area of Greater Victoria you can find a little piece of paradise. Butterfly Gardens, in Victoria, British Columbia... more
Feb 16, 2012 9:03 AM RV Travel
Dog Days in Tecolote, Baja Sur
Normally we see little public traffic here other than RVers from December through February; the crowds do start to grow on weekends as the weather warms up (remember we see Mexicans wearing ski jackets at 20C/70F in January). 10 years ago... more
Feb 15, 2012 12:48 PM RV Travel