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Is abdominal wall contraction important for normal voiding in the female rat?
Normal voiding behavior in urethane-anesthetized rats includes contraction of the abdominal wall striated muscle, similar to the visceromotor response (VMR) to noxious bladder distension. Normal rat voiding requires pulsatile release of urine from a pressurized bladder. The abdominal wall contraction accompanying urine flow may provide a necessary pressure increment for normal efficient pulsatile voiding. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and necessity of the voiding-associated abdominal wall activity in urethane-anesthetized female rats
A free-voiding model was designed to allow assessment of abdominal wall activity during voiding resulting from physiologic bladder filling, in the absence of bladder or urethral instrumentation. Physiologic diuresis was promoted by rapid intravascular hydration. Intercontraction interval (ICI), voided volumes and EMG activity of the rectus abdominis were quantified. The contribution of abdominal wall contraction to voiding was eliminated in a second group of rats by injecting botulinum-A (BTX, 5 U) into each rectus abdominis to induce local paralysis. Uroflow parameters were compared between intact free-voiding and BTX-prepared animals.
Abdominal wall response is present in free voiding. BTX preparation eliminated the voiding-associated EMG activity. Average per-void volume decreased from 1.8 ml to 1.1 ml (p < 0.05), and reduced average flow from 0.17 ml/sec to 0.11 ml/sec (p < 0.05). Intercontraction interval (ICI) was not changed by BTX pretreatment.
The voiding-associated abdominal wall response is a necessary component of normal voiding in urethane anesthetized female rats. As the proximal urethra may be the origin of the afferent signaling which results in the abdominal wall response, the importance of the bladder pressure increment due to this response may be in maintaining a normal duration intermittent pulsatile high frequency oscillatory (IPHFO)/flow phase and thus efficient voiding. We propose the term Voiding-associated Abdominal Response (VAR) for the physiologic voiding-associated EMG/abdominal wall response, to distinguish it from the visceromotor response (VMR) to noxious bladder distension.
Electromyographic (EMG) evidence of abdominal wall contraction has been observed to accompany voiding in awake rats during natural voiding and suprapubic cystometry
Normal voiding in the rat has been divided into four phases
Rat voiding may thus be considered as a pressurized vessel releasing its contents against an intermittently relaxing resistance. Abdominal pressurization caused by the voiding-associated abdominal wall contraction may be required in this process. We therefore hypothesized that the abdominal wall activity observed during physiologic voiding is a necessary component of normal voiding in the rat.
Cystometric study either via transurethral or suprapubic catheter potentially alters the micturition reflex by direct stimulation of bladder or urethral afferents by the catheter or its placement, by supraphysiologic bladder filling rates, or by urothelial stimulation by non-urine infusion fluids. Our aim was to investigate the occurrence and necessity of voiding-associated abdominal wall activity during physiologic voiding in anesthetized rats. First, we proposed to design a free voiding model which would allow quantification of the abdominal wall EMG response and uroflow parameters during physiologic voiding in urethane-anesthetized rats with an uninstrumented lower urinary tract. Second, the necessity of the voiding-associated abdominal wall response for a normal uroflow response would be assessed by selective paralysis of the abdominal wall using botulinum toxin-A (BTX), thus removing the abdominal pressure contribution to voiding.
A total of 15 urethane-anesthetized (1.2 gm/kg) female SD rats weighing 250–300 g were used for this study. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines were observed. Physiologic data were collected, recorded, and analyzed using WinDaq software (DataQ software, Dayton Ohio) and Microsoft Excel.
All animals underwent a "free voiding" study, designed to allow quantification of the voiding response resulting from bladder filling from physiologic diuresis without instrumentation of the lower urinary tract. Vascular access for infusion and blood pressure measurement was obtained via a polyethylene catheter (PE50) placed into a femoral artery after anesthetization. EMG electrodes were placed into the right rectus abdominis, 1 cm apart longitudinally, via a small midline lower abdominal skin incision. The insulated portion of each electrode was sutured to the skin and the incision was closed. A second set of electrodes was placed into the superficial peri-urethral perineal musculature via small skin incisions, one on each side of the urethra, and secured with sutures. The animal was then placed into prone position with the urethral meatus over a 10 ml collection cup attached to a force transducer to quantify voided volume. The femoral artery catheter was connected to a Harvard PHD2000 infusion pump, with an in-line pressure transducer. The animals were left in this position until several voids had occurred. Following an initial 2 ml bolus delivered over 1 minute, animals were infused with normal saline via the arterial line at a rate of 0.08 ml/minute. This infusion rate was selected in order to produce a maximal physiologic diuresis in response to subacute volume loading
Seven of the free voiding rats were infused with normal saline via the arterial line (FV group). In eight other rats, the rectus abdominis muscle was injected with BTX (10 U), 48 hours prior to the free voiding study. Under isofluorane (2%) inhalation anesthesia, a midline skin incision was made and the skin reflected off of the underlying muscles. The toxin was injected using five evenly spaced injections into the length of each muscle belly. The skin was closed with continuous suture and the animal allowed to recover. Ampicillin 150 mg/kg intramuscular was administered prior to surgery.
To confirm that the voiding-associated abdominal wall EMG response correlated with a rise in intra-abdominal pressure and that loss of this increased intensity signified a loss of voiding-associated intra-abdominal pressurization, a pressure catheter was placed intraperitoneally in one intact free voiding rat and two of the BTX group, using a 20-gauge angiocath inserted into the left abdominal flank. A fluid column was established by injecting two to three milliliters of saline, and a pressure transducer was connected to monitor intra-abdominal pressure. Position and function was checked by manually squeezing the abdomen to produce a positive pressure deflection. An example of the pressure tracing obtained in response to voiding and to abdominal squeeze is demonstrated in Figure
Figure 1
Voiding-associated abdominal and perineal responses
Voiding-associated abdominal and perineal responses. Tracings demonstrating voiding-associated abdominal and perineal responses, by EMG and by intraperitoneal catheter. Top tracing is voided volume, the slope of the volume change is the urine flow rate. The middle two tracings are rectus abdominis and perineal EMG tracings, respectively. The bottom tracing is intra-abdominal pressure. The left column is voiding-associated response in intact rat. The middle column demonstrates the lack of abdominal wall EMG and pressurization response in a botulinum-toxin prepared rat. The right column demonstrates pressure deflection associated with manually squeezing the abdomen in the absence of voiding.
Voiding and EMG parameters were analyzed for all consecutive contractions in each rat (varying from one to five) and values were averaged for each animal. EMG intensity during the VAR was assessed by integrating the EMG waveform over time. The change of EMG integral values during voiding activity was divided by the change during the same time interval pre-void, and represents the voiding-associated intensity of the rectus abdominis muscle EMG response
Table 1
Voiding-associated parameters in intact and botulinum-toxin prepared free voiding rats.
EMG abd
EMG peri
FV – intact free voiding rats. FV+BTX – botulinum toxin prepared rats. EMG abd – ratio of rectus abdominis voiding-associated EMG intensity to baseline. EMG peri – ratio of perineal voiding-associated EMG intensity to baseline. ICI – intercontraction interval (minutes). VV – per-void volume (ml). Qave – average voiding urine flow rate (ml/sec). BP – blood pressure. VVR – voiding-associated viscerovascular reflex. Values are means, with standard error of measurement (SEM). Statistical comparisons made by t-test,
Perineal EMG intensity level was variable among rats during voiding, with the average integrated value slightly less than unity, and did not differ between groups. While not subjected to more detailed analysis, the waveform of the perineal EMG signal changed during urine flow from a tonic discharge to bursting activity occurring at approximately 0.2 second intervals as shown in Figure
Figure 2
Time-expansion of voiding-associated EMG changes
Time-expansion of voiding-associated EMG changes. Time-expanded tracings demonstrating changes in rectus abdominis and perineal EMG activity accompanying voiding. Top tracing is voided volume, middle tracing is rectus abdominis EMG, and bottom tracing is perineal EMG tracing. Pulse width of perineal EMG tracing indicated by vertical lines, interval is 0.2 second.
This study demonstrates that intra-abdominal pressurization due to the voiding-associated abdominal wall response is a normal and necessary component of voiding in urethane-anesthetized female rats. While the voiding-associated EMG response appears to be similar to a VMR, several differences exist. The abdominal wall activation during voiding is a physiologic response, in contrast to the VMR which by definition is a response to noxious stimulus. We have observed the voiding-associated response to be associated with urine flow rather than bladder pressurization during transurethral cystometry
The increase of abdominal wall EMG intensity during voiding suggests that the voiding-associated abdominal wall contraction produces an increment of intra-abdominal pressure which contributes to the total bladder pressure available to drive urine flow. Cruz et al. demonstrated abdominal wall EMG activation in several points in the abdominal wall during voiding, including the oblique muscle groups and the rectus abdominis
The perineal electrodes were not specifically placed into the rhabdosphincter, in order to minimize experimental impact on lower urinary tract afferent signalling. The lack of enhanced perineal muscle EMG activity during voiding may signify a lack of specific muscle activation during voiding as might be expected in the rhabdosphincter, although the change in waveform to a bursting activity with a frequency of approximately 5 Hz is consistent with IPHFO activity. This is consistent with voiding-associated perineal muscle activity observed previously
Bladder pressurization against intermittent urethral resistance appears to be essential for efficient voiding in the rat. Rhabdosphincter EMG activity increases during bladder filling
The bladder may be pressurized directly by detrusor contraction, or indirectly by transmitted abdominal pressure. As the bladder fills, increasing activity on pelvic afferents in response to increasing wall stress triggers efferent firing with resultant detrusor contraction, and bladder pressure begins to rise
It has been demonstrated that the voiding-associated EMG activity depends upon pelvic nerve afferents
The observed responses in this study of urethane anesthetized rats should be fundamentally the same as in non-anesthetized rats. Urethane anesthesia has minimal effect on afferent and efferent functions, has little influence on neurotransmitter release, slightly depresses detrusor responsiveness, and preserves voiding reflexes at cystometry
Voiding-associated abdominal wall contraction is a normal and necessary component of voiding in urethane anesthetized rats. The proximal urethra may be the origin of the afferent signalling which results in the voiding-associated abdominal wall response. The importance of the bladder pressure increment due to the voiding-associated abdominal wall contraction may be in maintaining a normal duration intermittent pulsatile high frequency oscillatory (IPHFO)/flow phase and thus efficient voiding. In order to distinguish this physiologic somatic response to a normal visceral stimulus from the visceromotor response (VMR) elicited by noxious visceral stimuli, we suggest terming this aspect of voiding the Voiding-associated Abdominal Response (VAR).
Competing interests
CPS is an Investigator for Allergan, Inc.
Authors' contributions
PPS designed and conducted the experiments, and drafted the manuscript and its revisions
CPS and TBB provided guidance, oversight, and critical review of the manuscript
GTS aided in the design of the experiment and statistical analysis, provided critical oversight of the experiment, and provided critical review of the manuscript.
All authors have read and approved the submitted manuscript
This work was funded under NIH grants RO1 DK 069988, NIDDK T32DK007763
Abdominal Muscle Activity During Voiding in Female Rats with Normal or Irritated Bladder
Rectus abdominis visceromotor reflex during voiding requires intact bladder efferent function
Methods in Visceral Pain Research
The role of the rhabdosphincter in female rat voiding
Sexually dimorphic micturition in rats: relationship of perineal muscle activity to voiding pattern
The Nonstop Transvesical Cystometrogram in Urethane-anesthetized Rats: A Simple Procedure for Quantitative Studies on the Various Phases of Urinary Bladder Voiding Cycle
Simultaneous Recording of Vesical and Urethral Pressure in Urethane-Anesthetized Rats: Effect of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents on the Activity of the External Urethral Sphincter
Increased Tubologlomerular Feed-back mediated suppression of glomerular filtration during acute volume expansion in rats
Vigor of visceromotor responses to urinary bladder distension in rats increases with repeated trials and stimulus intensity
Vesico-inhibitory responses and capsaicin-sensitive afferents in rats
Afferent bladder nerve activity in the rat: a mechanism for starting and stopping voiding contractions
Threshold for efferent bladder nerve firing in the rat
Impaired Micturition Reflex Caused by Acute Selective Dorsal of Ventral Root(s) Rhizotomy in Anesthetized Rats
Cardiovascular and Intravesical Pressure Responses during natural Micturition in Conscious rats
The effects of inert gases and other general anaesthetics on the release of acetylcholine from the guinea-pig ileum
The effect of urethane on spontaneous and stimulated contractions of isolated rabbit urinary bladder
Reserpine-induced detrusor hyperreflexia: an in vivo model for studying smooth muscle relaxants at urinary bladder level
Effects of anesthesia on cystometry and leak point pressure of the female rat
Effect of Anesthetics on Reflex Micturition in the Chronic Cannula-Implanted Rat
Does the cystometric filling rate affect the afferent bladder response pattern? A study on single fibre pelvic nerve afferents in the rat urinary bladder.
Pre-publication history
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 9, 2007
|Filing date
|Mar 1, 2002
|Priority date
|Mar 1, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Ravi Kumar
|Original Assignee
|Arvik Enterprises, Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (40), Referenced by (20), Classifications (18), Legal Events (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to medical devices that are implanted in the human body. In particular, the present invention relates to medical devices that can be used to occlude blood vessels on a temporary or permanent basis.
Various implantable medical devices have been developed for treating ailments of the human body. One such implantable medical device is an occlusion device used to occlude blood vessels i.e. to prevent the flow of blood through these vessels. These occlusion devices may be used to occlude blood vessels either temporarily or permanently. In certain cases, for example, during a surgery, these devices may be used to stem the flow of blood while the surgery is performed. In other cases, such as in treatment of certain cardiovascular diseases, permanent occlusion devices may be used.
There are numerous situations where certain blood vessels such as arteries and veins may have to be occluded. Surgical treatment of an aneurysm is one such situation where occlusion devices are required. An aneurysm is a balloon-like swelling of a blood vessel such as an artery. This swelling may be caused due to diseases such as arteriosclerosis or cystic medial necrosis, or due to infections such as syphilitic or mycotic infections, or even due to trauma. Typically, the aneurysm results in a weakening of the wall of the artery or other blood vessel in which it occurs. The region of the artery (or the blood vessel) that has been affected by the aneurysm may tear or rupture over time because of sustained blood pressure. If the artery tears or ruptures, and consequently bleeding occurs, then there may be severe consequences for the patient. For instance, if an aneurysm affected artery in the brain bursts due to a weakened wall, then cranial hemorrhaging and subsequently even death may occur. Hence, aneurysms occurring in certain regions of the body may lead to life-threatening conditions and therefore need to be detected early and treated suitably.
Although an aneurysm may occur in any location of the human body, it is more likely to occur in the abdominal aorta. This type of aneurysm is referred to as an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA). An AAA usually results in a large swelling in the affected region of the aorta. In cases where the aneurysm affected region of the aorta exceeds 6 cm in diameter, surgery may be necessary to treat the aneurysm.
In a typical surgery to treat a patient suffering from an AAA, an incision is made in the abdominal wall of the patient to expose the artery. In the next step, the portion of the aorta that is just above the aneurysm-affected region is clamped (so as to disallow any flow of blood) and then the affected portion of the abdominal aorta cut and opened.
Note that once the affected portion of the aorta has been opened, the blood vessels that originate from this cut region of aorta are exposed and begin to bleed profusely. Hence, in such cases it is necessary to seal these cut blood vessels to prevent excessive loss of blood. In such cases, occluding means are often employed during the surgery to prevent excessive bleeding from such blood vessels.
Three techniques are usually employed to occlude blood vessels. These include sealing of a blood vessel using a finger, sealing of the blood vessel using a clamp or a clip and suturing of the blood vessel.
In the first technique that is the simplest, a surgeon or other person assisting in the surgery seals the cut blood vessel using a finger. This technique is usually used since the finger may be readily applied to seal the cut blood vessel. However, this method is usually not suitable due to certain drawbacks. Firstly, the space available in the site of the surgery may be reduced considerably. Secondly, the hand of the person may not allow the blood vessel to be clearly seen and operated upon, and hence this technique may hinder access to the site of the surgery. Thirdly, this technique is not a permanent sealing arrangement. Because of these drawbacks, this technique is rarely used to occlude the affected blood vessels (for the entire duration of the surgery). Instead, this technique is sometimes used while another occluding mean is applied to the blood vessel.
In an alternative technique, a clamp or a clip may be used to occlude a blood vessel. In this technique, the clamp or clip is used to constrict the blood vessel so as to minimize blood flow through the narrow opening in the blood vessel. The surgical clamps and "ligating" clips come in a variety of shapes and sizes. In a typical design, a surgical clamp is connected to an elongated arm and is controlled with a handle. The elongated arm allows the surgeon to apply and remove the clamp easily during the surgery. Two such surgical clamps have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,133,724 and 5,447,515. However, such designs are not always suitable since the long arm or handle may hinder the surgeon's access to the affected blood vessel.
Alternative designs of clamps also exist where the handle or other such clamp applier may be readily removed from the site of the surgery. U.S. Pat. No. 5,282,812 discloses one such clamp. However, such a surgical clamp has the drawback that it is difficult to quickly loosen or remove the clamp. In this method, the difficulty arises since the surgeon must apply the appropriate amount of force by hand for loosening and removing the clamp. Another drawback of these occlusion devices is that these may not be effective in completely sealing certain blood vessels. For instance, a blood vessel such as an artery usually has a very thick wall. Therefore, it may not be possible to completely seal such an artery using a clamp or a clip. Furthermore, the clamps may slip and slide out of position if a sufficiently large clamping force is not applied. However, this large clamping force may permanently damage the wall of the artery. Finally, the use of ligating clips and clamps is a temporary arrangement because it does not seem feasible to leave a metallic clamp inside a human body for a long duration. Thus, clamps and clips may not always be suitable for occluding blood vessels.
A third technique to occlude blood vessels is to suture these vessels. This technique allows the blood vessel to be completely sealed. However, suturing is usually a time-consuming procedure as compared to other methods mentioned above. Consequently, suturing may not be suitable for all surgical procedures. For instance, consider the surgical procedure used to treat an aneurysm in the lumbar region of the body. In this surgical procedure, a large number of blood vessels may need to be cut in order to treat the aneurysm. Hence, if the cut vessels are sutured, as is done currently, then there may be considerable loss of blood before all blood vessels have been occluded. Moreover, there may be difficulties in the suturing process itself if there are calcium deposits in the area of the aneurysm. Calcium deposits are likely to occur in this region since aneurysms usually begin as micro tears in the wall of the blood vessel, and calcium and other blood coagulating material are likely to deposit at the site of these tears. Furthermore, these calcium deposits may also weaken sutures that have been applied thereby decreasing the effectiveness of this technique.
Consequently, there is a need to quickly and effectively occlude blood vessels during surgical procedures. It should be noted that the need for occluding blood vessels occurs not only in surgery for treating aneurysms but also in other surgeries. Therefore, what is required is a sealing device capable of permanently occluding a variety of blood vessels in different regions of the body.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a means to occlude a blood vessel such as an artery.
In order to attain the aforementioned object, the present invention provides a plug made of biocompatible material and an insertion syringe to allow the plug to be inserted into the blood vessel. The present invention allows for the blood vessel to be rapidly occluded. Furthermore, the plug may be used to permanently seal the blood vessel, and may be implanted in the body for long durations, even for the entire life of a patient.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a means to effectively occlude a blood vessel such as an artery. Accordingly, the plug of the present invention is designed to be effective even in cases of deposits, such as calcium and/or cholesterol deposits, in the artery.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plug having a tapered shape is provided. The taper of the plug facilitates insertion of this plug into the blood vessel.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a plug having an essentially cylindrical shape is provided. The cylindrical shape of the plug helps to secure the plug in the blood vessel, thereby effectively occluding the blood vessel.
In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, a plug having an umbrella shape is provided. This plug is particularly advantageous in occluding a blood vessel having calcium and other such deposits near opening of the blood vessel.
The preferred embodiments of the invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings provided to illustrate and not to limit the invention, wherein like designations denote like elements, and in which:
An Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a disease that weakens the walls of the aorta and leads to swelling of the aneurysm affected region of the aorta. The weakened walls of the aorta may not be able to withstand the pressure of blood flowing through the aorta, and in extreme cases, the aorta may rupture in the affected region leading to internal hemorrhaging.
In most cases, surgery is required to treat the AAA. The treatment typically provides an alternate path for the flow of blood so as to bypass the aneurysm affected region of the aorta. Typically, the bypass is a graft that replaces the affected portion of the aorta.
In this surgery, a surgeon makes an incision in the abdominal wall of the patient and gains access to the aneurysm affected region of the aorta. Then, the surgeon clamps the aorta above and below the aneurysm affected region in order to block the flow of blood through the aorta. In the next step, the surgeon opens the aneurysm affected region of the aorta and provides an alternate path for the flow of blood. Thereby, the affected region is bypassed.
During the course of this surgery, the surgeon also occludes arteries that originate in this affected portion of the aorta; these arteries would otherwise bleed since these are part of a collateral circulation system. In a collateral circulation system, two or more arteries are interconnected by multiple smaller arteries and/or capillaries. Such an interconnected network of arteries leads to sufficient redundancy in the network. Therefore, if one of these arteries is blocked or damaged or otherwise rendered ineffective, blood is still supplied to regions of the body. However, this redundancy in the circulation system also leads to problems when one of these arteries is cut. For instance, the cut artery may start to bleed since the exposed artery would draw blood from the collateral circulation system. Consequently, arteries that are cut during this surgical procedure need to be quickly and effectively sealed.
In this surgery, opening of the aneurysm affected region of the aorta exposes 4 to 6 collateral arteries that originate in this region. The surgeon must occlude these 4 to 6 arteries. Currently, sutures are used to occlude these arteries. However, this procedure is time consuming and leads to significant loss of blood before all the arteries have been occluded. Furthermore, sutures may not be effective if there are calcium deposits in this region. And, it may also lead to an overall increase in the time of the surgical operation.
The present invention provides a plug 102 that may be used to quickly and effectively seal these arteries. In the recommended surgical procedure, the surgeon clamps the aorta above the aneurysm affected region. In the next step, the surgeon cuts open the aorta along its length so as to expose the aneurysm affected region of the aorta. This also exposes the collateral arteries originating in this region. Next, the surgeon uses plug 102 to quickly seal these arteries thereby preventing excessive loss of blood. Then, the surgeon prepares a graft so as to create an alternate path for the flow of blood. Hence, the aneurysm affected region of the aorta is bypassed.
Artery 104 has a thick elastic wall surrounding lumen 106. This thick wall has been provided so as to withstand flow of blood at high pressure through artery 104. The elastic nature of artery 104 allows plug 102 to be tightly grasped by artery 104. Therefore, the elastic nature of the walls enables the plug to be effective in occluding artery 104. Furthermore, the elastic walls of artery 104 also permit a small range of plugs 102 to be used for different sizes of arteries 104. Thus, plug 102 of a certain size may be used for occluding arteries of different sizes. Typically, plug 102 ranges from 1 mm to 4 mm in diameter.
In the preferred embodiment, plug 102 is made of silicone, which is a popular material for making devices that are implanted inside the body for long durations. Silicone is useful since it is non-toxic, chemically inert, substantially insoluble in blood and substantially non-immunogenic. In addition to silicone, newer elastomeric biocompatible materials may also be used to manufacture plug 102. Ongoing research and development in biocompatible materials have created materials with a longer life, better strength and lower cost—all of which are desirable qualities of the material of plug 102. Typical examples of such materials include polyurethanes and polyisobutylene-based polymers.
In an alternative embodiment, plug 102 may be constructed without any reinforcing spokes 208. In this embodiment, plug 102 may be manufactured using materials of sufficient structural rigidity and strength. Furthermore, reinforcing spokes may be avoided by suitably increasing the thickness of plug 102.
In a typical surgery, plug 102 is inserted into artery 104 by positioning this plug axially over artery 104, and by applying an axial force. The surgeon may apply this force either by hand (if feasible) or by using an insertion device such as insertion syringe 300, shown in
It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that alternative ways to propel the needle may be employed in insertion syringe 300. For instance, needle 308 of insertion syringe 300 could be propelled outwards using air or other fluid means at high pressure.
In another alternative embodiment, a plug shaped like an umbrella is used to occlude artery 104. This plug is also axially symmetric. This plug exists in two configurations—a compressed state and an expanded state. This plug comprises an elastic outer surface and a plurality of ribs connected to this outer surface. These ribs may be operated to transform the plug from the compressed state to the expanded state. The umbrella shaped plug is introduced into artery 104 in the compressed state. In this state, the plug has a diameter less than the diameter of lumen 106. Thereafter, the surgeon uses insertion syringe 300 to operate the ribs, whereby the outer surface expands to occlude artery 104. The plug preferably uses a two cylinder mechanism to achieve this expansion. In this mechanism, a first cylinder is connected to the insertion syringe, and a second cylinder is connected to the ribs. In operating this mechanism, the second cylinder slides over the first cylinder to operate the ribs, thereby causing the plug to expand and occlude the artery 104. This plug is particularly advantageous in occluding an artery with calcium and other deposits near the opening of the artery. These deposits may not allow plugs to be effectively gripped by the artery. However, this umbrella shaped plug may be applied at a location where such deposits are absent, thereby effectively occluding the artery.
While the present invention has been discussed in connection with surgical repair of an aneurysm, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that it may also be applied in other surgical procedures. For instance, the plugs of the present invention may be used to occlude arteries in other regions of the body. Furthermore, these plugs may also be used to occlude other blood vessels such as veins and capillaries. The plugs may be utilized in permanent or temporary procedures.
While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be clear that the invention is not limited to these embodiments only. Numerous modifications, changes, variations, substitutions and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the claims.
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|Nov 13, 2001
|Embol-X, Inc.
|Sutureless vessel plug and methods of use
|May 26, 2000
|Feb 12, 2002
|Adiana, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for tubal occlusion
|Sep 30, 1998
|Oct 1, 2002
|C. R. Bard, Inc.
|Vascular inducing implants
|Dec 27, 2000
|Apr 15, 2003
|Scimed Life Systems, Inc.
|Selectively permeable highly distensible occlusion balloon
|Jan 31, 1997
|Jun 17, 2003
|Transvascular, Inc.
|Method for interstitial transvascular intervention
|Jun 30, 2000
|Oct 7, 2003
|Eagle Vision, Inc.
|Punctum plug with at least one anchoring arm
|Jan 31, 1997
|Oct 28, 2003
|Transvascular, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for blocking flow through blood vessels
|Oct 24, 2000
|Jun 8, 2004
|Concentric Medical, Inc.
|Devices and methods for treating vascular malformations
|May 22, 2003
|Mar 28, 2006
|Clarity Corporation
|Punctum plug system including a punctum plug and passive insertion tool therefor
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 15, 2005
|May 17, 2011
|Spiration, Inc.
|Device and method for intra-bronchial provision of a therapeutic agent
|Jul 19, 2007
|Sep 20, 2011
|Spiration, Inc.
|Removable anchored lung volume reduction devices and methods
|Apr 10, 2009
|Oct 25, 2011
|Spiration, Inc.
|Valve loader method, system, and apparatus
|Mar 10, 2010
|Dec 20, 2011
|Spiration, Inc.
|Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction method
|Aug 5, 2004
|Jan 17, 2012
|W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
|Device and methods for preventing formation of thrombi in the left atrial appendage
|Oct 10, 2008
|Mar 20, 2012
|Spiration, Inc.
|Valve loader method, system, and apparatus
|Aug 4, 2011
|May 15, 2012
|Spiration, Inc.
|Removable anchored lung volume reduction devices and methods
|Jul 1, 2010
|Apr 9, 2013
|Spiration, Inc.
|Removable lung reduction devices, systems, and methods
|Apr 5, 2010
|Jun 4, 2013
|Spiration, Inc.
|Articulable anchor
|Apr 26, 2012
|Feb 11, 2014
|Spiration, Inc.
|Articulable anchor
|May 13, 2011
|Aug 5, 2014
|Spiration, Inc.
|Deployment catheter
|Mar 29, 2013
|Jan 6, 2015
|Spiration, Inc.
|Removable anchored lung volume reduction devices and methods
|Mar 6, 2013
|Mar 10, 2015
|Spiration, Inc.
|Removable lung reduction devices, systems, and methods
|Mar 29, 2013
|Mar 10, 2015
|Spiration, Inc.
|Bronchoscopic repair of air leaks in a lung
|Jan 25, 2011
|Mar 24, 2015
|Spiration, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for deployment of a bronchial obstruction device
|Dec 13, 2013
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|Spiration, Inc.
|Articulable anchor
|Dec 6, 2011
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|Spiration, Inc.
|Valve loader method, system, and apparatus
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|Bronchoscopic repair of air leaks in a lung
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|Intravascular securement device
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 1, 2002
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How to Use Wiki Server in Mac OS X
Whether it's a small business or a work group inside a large corporation, all members need access to the same materials in order to work effectively. Mac OS X server makes it easy for groups to collaborate and communicate through their own Wiki-powered Internet website. To learn how to use Wiki Server with Mac OS X Server, watch this video tutorial.


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About Me
CurrentBenedictine University
MajorBusiness Administration
Graduating Class2012
HometownBellwood, IL
- Benedictine University
Follow Debra's Progress
CollegeBenedictine University
LocationLisle, IL
- Verified by Benedictine University
Debra D. Brookens of Bellwood Earns Degree From Benedictine UniversityDebra D. Brookens of Bellwood earned a A.A. in Business Administration With Honors from Benedictine University. Benedictine University awarded Associate of Arts (A.A.), Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), B...Spring 2012Verified by Benedictine UniversityExpand ▾
Debra Brookens of Bellwood named to Benedictine Dean's Recognized List for Spring 2013Debra D. Brookens of Bellwood was among 332 students named to the Dean's Recognized List at Benedictine University for the Spring 2013 semester. The Dean's Recognized List recognizes part-time stu...Spring 2013Verified by Benedictine UniversityExpand ▾
Debra D. Brookens of Bellwood named to Benedictine Dean's Recognition List for Fall 2011Debra D. Brookens of Bellwood was among 391 students named to the Dean's Recognition List at Benedictine University for the Fall 2011 semester. The Dean's Recognition List recognizes part-time st...Winter 2012-2013Verified by Benedictine UniversityExpand ▾
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Guestmode with low traffic and no access
Unanswered Question
User Badges:
I got the AP541n and I want to add an vlan, which has guest status. I would like to have only low traffic in this vlan, f.e. only 5MHZ Rate and no access to the network of the other vlans
vlan0 is the default and has full rights and full traffic.
My AP541 has the firmware 1.7.2 and here i can only change this parameters for ALL vlans. I found no way, to change parameters or QoS separatly in the vlans.
Any ideas?
I have this problem too.
0 votes


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Monday, May 4, 2009
Power-One In Patent Deal With Infineon
Camarillo-based Power-One, a developer of power supplies and power conversion devices, said today that the firm is in a patent licensing deal with Infineon Technologies AG. Power-One said the patent covers its digital power technology patents. Financial impact of the licensing deal was not disclosed.


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Diamond Lake Campground
Just about any place you find on TravelOregon.com can be added to your own Oregon Roadtrippers Account. Find out how.
Get on the road with Roadtrippers
We've partnered with Roadtrippers to provide a great way to plan a trip around Oregon. So start planning your next road trip to here, there or pretty much anywhere in Oregon.
Meandering along most of the east shore of mile-high Diamond Lake in the Diamond Lake Recreation Area, the Diamond Lake Campground offers social lakeshore camping and friendly smiles near the more secluded inshore camps. The campground features interpretive programs provided in the summer at the amphitheater and the Rogue-Umpqua Scenic Byway.
Facilities at the campground include tables, fireplaces, running water, flush toilets, showers, garbage bins, gray water sumps, an RV dump station, an amphitheater, an information gatehouse, two boat ramps and a fish cleaning station.
The Thielsen View Forest Service Campground offers 60 camping units on the west shore and the Broken Arrow Forest Service Campground offers 147 camping units at the south end. In addition, the Diamond Lake Recreation Area features the Forest Service South Shore Picnic area with 26 single family picnic tables, 10 group picnic tables, a lighted pavilion, barbeques, fire pits, horseshoe pits, a volleyball court, a playground, a bathroom, and a swimming beach.
Also in the area is a full service resort operating under special use permit from the Umpqua National Forest including: motel units and cabins, restaurant, pizza parlor, 2 grocery stores, a sporting goods shop, post office, service station, propane, Landromat, showers, swimming beach, boat and mountain bike rentals, moorage, charter fishing, hunting and fishing licenses and horseback riding stables.
Finally, the area offers a privately operated Recreational Vehicle park operating under special use permit from the Umpqua National Forest including 160 RV units with full hookups, laundry, shower facilities and a recreation hall for guests.
What's around here? Location & Nearby Things to See & Do
These maps and directions are for planning purposes only. You may find that construction projects, traffic, or other events may cause road conditions to differ from the map results. For travel options, weather and road conditions, visit tripcheck.com, call 511 (in Oregon only), 800.977.6368 or 503.588.2941.
Is any of the information on this page incorrect?
A related Trip Idea
Umpqua River Byway
The beauty of an Oregon summer is that you can enjoy views that are never twice the same. Southern Oregon's Umpqua River Byway is blessed with waterfalls, wildlife and camping opportunities. It's a roadway once traveled you'll…


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Attention shoppers of Kroger and affiliated stores! We have a new Friday Freebie digital coupon available. You must load this eCoupon TODAY 8/7/15, but you will have until 8/23/15 to redeem it.
FREE Hormel Compleats Microwave Meal Kroger Digital Coupon (must load 8/7/15; use by 8/23/15)Extreme Couponing Tip: You can usually get two prints of most internet coupons. To find them in the easiest possible way, use our preclipped links that take you right to the coupon. Then come back and click the same link to get your 2nd print. This will save you the time spent searching for the coupon.
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Team USA Wins Not only for Country, but for Injured Teammate
On August 1 2014, the up and coming NBA star, Paul George, suffered a gruesome lower leg injury which forced Team USA to end the scrimmage early. With the loss to Paul George, the raining MVP from the NBA 2013-2014 season, Kevin Durant, decided to pull out from competing in the FIBA World Cup the past summer. "Not having them here means that we're smaller," Coach K said on Basketball and Beyond. "You have two of the best players in NBA not here, that hurts you. We have to look at the selection process in a little bit different way."
Though faced by some setbacks Team USA was able to win the FIBA world cup in dominating fashion. Team USA beat Serbia with a score of 192-92. Team USA, though not stated personally, everyone could tell they played with a lot of pride throughout the whole tournament. They felt it was important to represent their country. They also felt it was important to win for their fallen teammate, who had a sure spot on the team.
Team USA winning the FIBA world cup is an important event in 2014 because it brings pride to both the players and the country that we were able to win in a world wide tournament. It also shows how the US is one of the best countries in producing athletes today.
Warning graphic content of gruesome injury:


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86 King William St
Huntsville, ON P1H 1E4
clean well maintained hotel,room was a little small for the price.
Breakfast was excellent. The room was clean but the bed was not the greatest for comfort. The towels need to be upgraded but overall the price was good for what you got. I would stay there again.
I was not aware that "smoking" rooms were still available in Ontario. By mistake (and it was my mistake) I booked a smoking room for my family. The staff were very apologetic that nothing else was available. Unfortunately the room was very smoky smelling. We decided to "deal" with it as it was just one night. Worse than the smell were the loud neighbors however. The hotel staff did speak with... more
FREE deluxe continental breakfast and Wireless High Speed Internet. Coffee makers, irons, hairdryers, and dataport phones in every room.
The Comfort Inn hotel is conveniently located with easy access to major attractions and points of interest like the Huntsville Centennial Centre hockey facility, Algonquin Provincial Park, Hidden Valley Ski Area, and Muskoka Heritage Place, offering a pioneer... more
Comfort Inn offers these services: motel, hotel, lodging.
Property Location
A stay at Comfort Inn places you in the heart of Huntsville, convenient to Huntsville Civic Center
Algonquin Theater. This eco-friendly hotel is within the vicinity of Hidden Valley Highlands and
Arrowhead Provincial Park.
Make yourself at home in one of the 73 air-conditioned rooms featuring LCD televisions. Complimentary
wireless Internet access keeps you connected,... more


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News By Tag
* Travelling With Pets
* Travelling With Animals
* Fench Holidays
* Pierre & Vacances
* Heaven Publicity
* More Tags...
Industry News
News By Location
Industry News
Holidaying with pets – the breed of travel that continues to grow
It seems that a holiday just isn't complete without the family's furry four-legged friend in tow. When it costs between £15 - £50 a day to leave Mutley (or Arthur in our case) behind in a kennel it can be more cost effective too. In 2013, DFDS Seaways transported 42,129 pets across their Eastern channel routes and saw a 14% year-on-year increase in April 2014*. Ferry company LD Lines also reported a 29% increase in pet travel last year on its Portsmouth-Le Havre route.
Pierre & Vacances offer a huge range of inspired vacations from serene spa breaks to action-packed activity holidays suitable for everyone. Their inclusive family ethos of 'playing together and staying together' also extends to pets as long as they have a valid rabies certificate. All Pierre & Vacances properties are mutt and cat-friendly with pet prices from 9€ a day (1-6 days) and 55€ per week (booked in advance).
The luxury self catering accommodation ranges from studios and apartments to villas and country houses with many options just a short pet-friendly drive from Calais, Dunkirk, Le Harve Caen or Cherbourg. Set amid beautiful countryside and dotted along the stunning French coastline, Pierre & Vacances' car-free holiday hamlets offer not just comfortable holiday accommodation but fun activities and surroundings to entertain all ages and breeds.
Pierre & Vacances 4* Village Club Belle Dune is just 1 hours drive from Calais.
Located alongside a striking 18-hole golf course and close to the sea, Belle Dune Holiday village blends into a pretty environment of lakes, dunes and trees that are ideal for walkies. The eco-friendly, pedestrian holiday village offers a number of nature-based activities for an action-packed weekend or longer holiday. Prices in the Village Club Belle Dune (http://www.pierreetvacances.com/
Pierre & Vacances 3* Normandy Garden Holiday Village is in easy reach of Calais, Le Havre, Caen or Cherbourg.
Normandy Garden holiday resort is set in the heart of the Auge country, 2 hours from Paris and close to Deauville's, Cabourg's and Villers-sur-
Pierre & Vacances 4* Residence Le Green Beach.
Residence Le Green Beach is situated just a few kilometres from Omaha's huge beach and unspoilt natural coastline. Based in a 7-hectare park, on the prestigious Omaha Beach golf course this Authentic and characterful location is ideal for those travelling with pets. After a relaxing stroll along the quays, follow the path leading up to the cliff to discover 'Tour Vaughan', built in 1694 as a defence against Anglo-Dutch privateers and English raids. From one side, you can enjoy views overlooking the entire harbour while cliffs on the other act as a barrier against the crashing waves below.
Prices available from as little as £294 for 7 nights in a studio apartment that sleeps up to 4 on a self- catering basis departing 20th September.
Alternatively take the puppy to the pistes!
Avoriaz is fantastic for an Alpine Adventure in summer or winter.
Take the whole family and save on School Holidays
Avoriaz in the Portes du Soleil offers a wealth of outdoor activities that kids and adults love from biking, hiking, horse riding, canyoning and climbing to exploring the spectacular surroundings with the family pet. It's worth going alpine for a great value family holiday that's packed with adventure.
Pierre & Vacances 5* Premium Residence L'Amara is situated within the recently developed L'Amara area of the resort featuring new restaurants, bars and shops. Apartments are contemporary and come with a fully equipped kitchen. The residence also has its own swimming pool and spa (facilities include a sauna, steam room and gym and 'Algothem 'Deep Nature Spa' treatments) and is close to the Aquariaz complex. Aquariaz is Europe's highest waterpark based at 1800m - The park features natural tropical vegetation and temperatures, a central pool area with a gentle flowing river, climbing walls and a large swimming pool. Prices start from £750 based on four sharing a 1 bedroom apartment for 4/5 people, departing 19th July for 7 nights.
Or book early for the ski season and save up to 20% on accommodation
Located in the Crozats district, the new Pierre & Vacances 4* Residence Atria-Crozats has panoramic views over the Avoriaz and Portes de Soleil mountains. Perfect for family ski holidays, the residence has direct access to the ski slopes and the resort centre. There is also a sauna, steam room and gym in the residence. Built in a traditional Alpine style, the self catering ski apartments are comfortable and finished to a high spec. Who says you can't take a dog skiing? With alpine walks and an inexhaustible supply of snow balls to throw, the company of man's best friend isn't seasonal.
Prices start from £632 (reduced from £790 saving 20%) based on four sharing a 1 bedroom apartment for 4/5 people, arriving 12th December for 7 nights.
For more information on Pierre & Vacances pet-friendly accommodation visit: www.pierreetvacances.co.uk or call 0870 0267 145.
It costs £16 to carry pets each way with Eurotunnel (http://www.eurotunnel.com/
Monday, 02 June 2014
Pierre & Vacances – Center Parcs Group
Created in 1967, the Pierre & Vacances-Center Parcs Group is the European leader in local tourism. It has built its growth on an original business model of synergies between its two businesses: property development and tourism. Today, with its six complementary tourism brands – Pierre & Vacances and its two Premium and Villages Clubslabels, Maeva, Center Parcs, Sunparks, Adagio and Adagio Access – the Group operates a tourism network of more than 51,000 apartments and homes, located in almost 300 sites in Europe.
Lynsey Devon, Heaven Publicity
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kidsBack to kids
GSMNP: salamander room
SALAMANDER ROOM--A nice way to introduce your young naturalist to the Smokies, "The Salamander Capital of the World." This is a beautifully illustrated book about a boy's plan to keep a salamander in his room. His mother asks him questions about where the salamander will sleep and play, etc. By Anne Mazer, illustrated by Steve Johnson and Lou Fancher. Softcover, 32 pages. For ages 4-8.
Click HERE for a plastic replica of the Smokies very own salamander, the Red Cheeked Salamander.
Click HERE for a whimisical story about a little girl who happens upon a salamander ball while visiting the Smokies.


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MIAMI -- Leon Boyd was on the top step of the dugout before his final game in the World Baseball Classic. Only a few people were within earshot of the Netherlands' dugout when he glanced at Team USA taking batting practice and cracked a joke.
"Who are these guys?" Boyd said.
David Bergman, a catcher on the Dutch roster, didn't hesitate.
"They play in some league in the states," he said. "Get paid a lot of money for it too."
Boyd and Bergman had a sense of humor as they entered Sunday night's elimination game against Team USA, which the Netherlands lost 9-3, ending its run at this WBC.
That sense of humor, though, was all but gone by the eighth inning, when the benches almost cleared after U.S. pitcher Matt Lindstrom -- upset by how long Bryan Engelhardt admired his solo homer to start the inning -- blatantly threw the next pitch behind Vince Rooi. The Netherlands team was incensed, and the umpires had to calm the players down and convince them to go back into the dugout.
"I thought that was classless," Netherlands manager Rod Delmonico said.
The game eventually ended and the Americans did what they were supposed to: beat a team few ever imagined would even be in the second round of this WBC. While there was drama Sunday, what lies ahead for Team USA should be the larger concern. The U.S. will have a day off before facing the winner of Monday night's game between Puerto Rico and Venezuela. But Team USA already is an infielder short after Chipper Jones withdrew from the tournament before Sunday's game because of an oblique strain. Then, Lindstrom left with a sore shoulder and Ryan Braun also was removed because of a sore side.
Both Lindstrom and Braun said they think the injuries are minor, but so did Jones and Dustin Pedroia, who are now no longer with the team. The roster madness prompted manager Davey Johnson to ask catcher Brian McCann to play left field in the bottom of the ninth inning. When Mark DeRosa, who was playing third base, saw McCann running past him, he did a double-take. McCann said it was his first appearance at any other position than catcher in his professional career.
"[Johnson] obviously wanted to see my athleticism," McCann quipped.
While the Americans made pregame news with Jones' injury, the Netherlands team also had its own headline. Delmonico planned on playing the game under protest. Delmonico apparently had not been informed that the Americans had replaced their second baseman the day before, and felt it was a violation of WBC roster rules.
When Team USA announced Brian Roberts would replace Pedroia on Saturday, it did so just minutes before its opening game in Round 2. Delmonico's argument was that pool play began earlier that day when Game 1 started, and that roster changes were no longer allowed.
"When does the Final Four start?" Delmonico said. "The first game; it's not when the next two teams play. I don't understand the ruling, but I am an Italian so maybe there's some confusion between the meatballs and the pasta. I don't know."
The dilemma pointed to an issue within official WBC rules: There is no exact deadline for when rosters must be set. Having an exact time would have eliminated any confusion. So Delmonico informed baseball officials he was planning an official protest, but one was never officially filed, according to Rob Manfred, baseball's vice president of labor relations.
Delmonico said his interpretation of the rules differed from that of the WBC rules committee.
Team USA general manager Bob Watson confirmed to ESPN.com before the game that the Americans were anticipating a protest.
"We wouldn't have done [the roster move] if we couldn't have done it by the book," Watson said.
Delmonico said his issues with the protest had no impact on the game's outcome.
"It would have been different if we lost by two runs and Brian [Roberts] would have gone 3-for-3 and scored two runs," he said. "It didn't factor in; they just beat us."
That they did, and now Team USA will wait for the winner of Monday's game. It has a day to fully determine the extent of its current injuries, but regardless, it is not permitted any more roster moves until the next round.
"We're just going to have to play with what we got," Johnson said.
The tournament is now over for the Dutch, which made an impressive run that included beating the mighty Dominican Republic twice to make it to Miami. Their run of success didn't continue Sunday, but the players said they were relishing the experience.
Just minutes before the national anthems, a few players had their pictures taken with Derek Jeter in the tunnel outside the team clubhouses. And they spoke of how their accomplishments were helping build baseball back in Holland, which easily favors soccer over any other sport. In fact, the country's leading paper, The Telegraph, had a reporter with the team until Saturday, when he flew back to cover a speed skating event.
"Speed skating is big in the winter," Dutch general manager Robert Eenhoorn said.
So maybe soccer and speed skating trump the Americans' national pastime, but that didn't temper the players' enthusiasm for what they had accomplished.
"I had a lot of joy over here," catcher Sidney de Jong said. "We beat the Dominicans twice; that was awesome. We put the Netherlands on the map baseball-wise and I think that's a great achievement."
Amy K. Nelson is a staff writer for ESPN.com. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Adidas Adi Camo Firebird Black/Clr Sand/Stone adidas on Sale UK Stockist
Editor's review
The Adidas Adi Camo Firebird Track Top is part of Adidas's spring/summer 2013 collection. The 100% polyester track top features an allover desert camouflage design with long sleeve and two angles pockets to the waist. Other features include a full length zip fastening, ribbing on the cuffs, Adidas's iconic Trefoil logo on the chest and of course the classic three stripe detailing down both sides. Lightweight and ideal for the upcoming warmer months.


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Most of the time, the American Civil Liberties Union is on the right side of political issues. Whether it is stopping warrantless mass surveillance, protecting the rights of LGBTQ people, maintaining separation of church and state, suing the Obama administration for assasinating US citizens without trial, or calling for reform of the criminal justice system, I am in 110 percent agreement with the ACLU. Lately,however, they have been pushing a notion about immigration that seems more rooted in emotion than logic. The ACLU has a petition on its website calling for the US government to stop deporting non-citizen veterans. While I appreciate the sacrifices that service veterans have made for our country and it is sad that many of them end up in the criminal justice system, often because they are struggling to readjust to civilian life, I also believe that they should receive the same punishments for serious felonies that they would had they not been veterans.If they are not US nationals, that would mean removal from the country.There are some former service members who are undocumented and have not committed violent crimes. Nonetheless, they have still done something very dangerous. Enlisting in the military as an illegal immigrant is not allowed, which means one would need to lie to federal agents and submit fabrications as evidence of legal status in order to do so. There is much we Can and should do to improve life for our veterans and service members. Allowing criminal aliens to stay in our country is not one of them.
Leave a Reply.
Write something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview.


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If you've ever watched Cougar Town, you know two things; the Cul De Sac Crew likes their wine and Jules is always up for any glass or gizmo that gets more wine into her body as efficiently as possible.
One of her big ideas was the Guzzle Buddy, a wine glass that doubles as a wine delivery system straight from the bottle, but we all thought it was fiction, right?
Someone has gone and made it a reality.
I don't know if this is 100% official or just a straight up rip-off, but I've always wanted my own Guzzle Buddy. Other winos should consider getting it while the gettin's good. Check out the Cougar Town below.
Guzzle Buddy $28.99
(via Gizmodo)


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Stuart Tan
Dover, Delaware - United States of America
No approved endorsements
About Stuart Tan
Presently running an AWE-INSPIRING business with my two highly dedicated, sweat-invested business partners, that has exeeded the $12.5 million revenue per annum mark over the last 5 years. We've got several businesses involved in corporate training, NLP, motivation training, internet marketing.
I was licensed by Dr. Richard Bandler in NLP in 1997. Also using NLP as a modeling tool to develop myself, too. I watch and when I'm impressed by you, see how I do what you do in my own way. I have been training since 1994!
I also focus a lot on business coaching and executive coaching in order to help people go further, reach higher, stretch and turn their dreams into SHOCKING reality.
I'm a strong cudgel against whiners and moaners. Most people are lost and hopeless - don't add to the misery in the world. I tend to be provocative in my approach to change, so go ahead, provoke me... I guarantee you'll change!
I'm the owner of InternetMarketingSingapore.com, focusing on internet businesses. I also own a personal development site at www.StuartTan.com. My blog is www.Stuart-Tan.com.
I've also been involved with the Toastmasters (I know some people don't think much of it), participated in and won the Championships at the 2002 District 51 Evaluation Speech Contest, 1st Runner-Up 2001, District 51 Table Topics Speech Contest.
My main aspirations for 2008 - to reach out to 2 Million people online and 28,000 in my audience in my speaking engagements. For anyone seeking me for teleinterviews or speaking engagements, just drop me a note in my inbox.
Business coaching, marketing development, e-learning development and implementation solutions, software application development and project management, training and keynote public speaking, internet marketing strategies.
If you notice offensive or incorrect information, please contact us.


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Plating For Plastics
Exploring the: Plating For Plastics Zone
23 Results for: ColumnsSort by:
Tomorrow is Here for Silvex's Dan Atkinson
Dan Atkinson had always planned to go to Hawaii and Yosemite, and even skydive, but it was always tomorrow that he would plan for it. After battling cancer, Maine electroplater is learning to live life.
A Conversation With … Maria Joaquin, Burndy
Maria is featured in our Products Finishing 40 Under 40 section this month, and shares her story of moving from the warm West Coast to the frigid East Coast to expand her career.
A Conversation with ... Amanda Beach, Columbia Chemical
Beach has a degree in physics and was recently named Secretary/Treasurer of the NASF's Chicago Midwest Chapter.
Burton Rising From the Ashes
Burton Metal Finishing in Columbus rebuilds after fire.
A Conversation with … Dave Roach, Peninsula Metal Finishing
The owner of Peninsula Metal Finishing in Orlando has nearly 50 years in the finishing business, and was also awarded the NASF Award of Merit at the 2014 Sur/Fin conference.
A Good Idea Goes Up In Smoke
Cigar Fest brings back old-time way of doing business.
A Conversation with … Blair Vandivier, President and CEO, Asterion
Blair Vandivier is a lawyer, a pilot and a former college golfer, as well as a board member of the NASF.
Saying Goodbye to Little John and His Big Heart
John Przybylinski passes away after 50 years in the plating industry.
A Conversation with … Erik Weyls, Coventya
When he's not out racing cars and motorcycles in his spare time, Erik Weyls is president of Coventya, one of the world's largest suppliers of specialty chemicals for surface finishing applications.
Professional Plating's Commitment to Caring
Wisconsin plater celebrates 35 years by empowering employees.


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Cast Iron Jockey Cap
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: -
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Aug 11, 2008
- Channel: Auction House
Cast Iron Jockey CapDescription: Very old cast iron jockey cap, not sure of year but is very unusual, cant find one like it and not sure what it was used for but has a bow design on the cap. Reference#: 521 Â Condition: Excellent Year: Unknown Country: USA Maker: Unknown Height: 2.5 in. (6.35 cm) Depth: 4.25 in. (10.80 cm) Width: 6.25 in. (15.88 cm) Weight: 4 Title: Cast Iron Jockey Cap Style: Cast Iron Materials: Cast Iron Type: Cast Iron
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Senior Net Developer
Senior .Net Developer - C# ASP.Net MVC, JQuery, HTML5, CSS3, SQL My client, a professional outsource provider are looking to recruit a Senior .Net Software Developer with C#, ASP.net, MVC, JQuery, HTML5, CSS3 to join the large team based in Bristol. You will be well organised, self motivated and professional. You will show an ability and willingness to learn quickly and a passion for producing high quality work under pressure. You will need to be able to communicate clearly and professionally engage in both technical and non technical conversations. In addition, you will be expected to actively participate in discussions about solution design, architecture and process improvement and may be required to meet with clients. You will contribute heavily towards the technical direction of the company whilst sharing your knowledge, experience and training/mentoring other members of the team. You will also be required to be SC cleared - 5 years residency in the UK. Skills Thorough understanding of Object Oriented Programming principals Broad understanding of coding best practices Good, demonstrable experience working with Scrum. Thorough, demonstrable experience programming with; MVC, C# / VB - ASP.net MVC / Web API JQuery, HTML5, CSS3 Entity Framework REST, N Tiered architecture Unit Testing Experience with; Architecting solutions Requirements gathering Active Directory Providing estimates TFS or other source control suites Senior .Net Developer - C# ASP.Net MVC, JQuery, HTML5, CSS3, SQL CPS Group (UK) Ltd is acting as an Employment Agency in relation to this vacancy. This job was originally posted as www.cwjobs.co.uk/job/66860084


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Aidan Turner's mystery woman revealed
Aidan Turner's mystery woman has been revealed.
The 'Poldark' star was spotted kissing a then-unknown woman in London last week and it has now been revealed that she is "badass" marketing manager Tara Derakshan.
Tara is able to speak no less than four languages - Arabic, Swedish, English and French - and she relocated to London in 2015, where she is marketing director for Kiosked, an "Advertising Automation Platform".
Before relocating to the UK, Tara was working in New York to help protect children across the world.
When asked for a comment, Tara initially declined before then saying it wasn't her in the pictures.
The revelation comes after the 33-year-old actor revealed his mother is the "number one" woman in his life.
He told the Daily Mirror newspaper: "If I'm late coming home I have to text my mum. I'm a very good boy, I behave myself. My Mum is number one in my life.
"Me and mum don't talk about steamy stuff - at all. I never get women throwing themselves at me, never."
Meanwhile, Aidan previously revealed he isn't sure if he believes in "soulmates".
He said: "I don't know if I believe in the soulmate thing so much. I think you can find somebody you can love your entire life and you can still feel that love decades and decades later.
"I know couples who've been together 50 years and are happy. But it can be unhealthy to rely on somebody so much."
And Aidan also insisted his next girlfriend will not be an actress.
He added: "I've been in that world before where you're with someone who does the same thing and it can be quite difficult because that's all you are."


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I'm a friendly and petlover girl. I am very clean and a good cook
Hey I'm Jon I'm moving out to Bathurst due to work relocation, originally from Sydney. Self sufficient, currently living in a share house in Sydney. I have some of my own furniture but can go get anything else needed to make a house whole. I'm pretty easy going, not into a massive party house, looking for something still social thou, as i'm not going to know anyone in bathurst. I work full time and go to the gym regularly, I also have a house at the snow in Jindabyne so I'll spend a bit of time down there during the season, and traveling back to Sydney occasionally.
I am a easy going, laid back gal. I love a couple of glasses of wine in the week, going to for long runs, reading 19th century novels and baking delicious cakes. Looking for a clean, tidy friendly house. I love Pets and would be more than happy to help out in looking after a fur baby. Planning to be away most weekends due to sport, family and friend commitments.
Im a happy, positive person looking to share accomodation with liked minded individual. Ive recently had a lot of life changing events and I have totally flexible live & let live attitude. I have an 13 yr super friendly spaniel in her final yrs which is tricky for renting etc.
Looking for a bigger sized room. Tidy, private person, keep to myself. I have a 1 yr old, litter trained, cat.
I just finished my post graduate chemistry degree and relocating from the Gold Coast QLD to Blayney NSW for a job. I am quiet, clean and out/ about the majority of the time. I am more than happy to share WiFi, electricity and/ or any other costs accrued. I am seeking accommodation in either Blayney, Bathurst or Orange.
I'll do this bit later
I work on a casual basis permanent. I'm clean and quite quiet, looking to move somewhere a bit closer to work (Katoomba). I spend most of my time at work and when I get a day off I head home to spend time with family.tend to keep to myself but open up and can be chatty if need be.
Hi, My name is Yash and I'm looking for accommodation near University of Sydney. I just finished my Engineering coming to Sydney for Masters. I'm outgoing type of person i like to interact with other people and I'm fun loving type of guy.
I am going to pursue my master's in structural engineering at University of Sydney and its going to be an year and half long stay for me in sydney. So the greatest thing about me would be that most of the times, I would be in my university campus :P. I ll be travelling to sydney on 25th july. I have a long time experience of working in a multi-cultural and a multi-national environment. So getting comfortable around me and knowing each other will be an easier task. I like to keep surroundings clean and respect people's personal space. I am a kind of guy who loves to read about history and politics around the world. I live a vegetarian life and I m an occasional guitarist on the sides also.
I am easy going and could get along with just about anyone. I keep to myself often and communicate easily when needed :)
Hi, I am Pusanisa from Thailand, student of Master of Sustainability at The University of Sydney. I am looking for a new share house, share flat, or an independent studio close to USYD. I would like to move in on early December as that is the end period of my current student shared house. I love cooking healthy and delicious food. Love running, reading, movies, meditation, and going to beaches. I don't smoke. I love art and love shopping at flea market.
I have been house sitting in the Blue Mountains for many years, and I am looking to switch to renting - my last sit ends on 16th September. I am looking for a quiet and peaceful place, where I can do my meditations and occasional sessions via Skype or phone. I work part time in Katoomba, and I would like to be within walking distance of the train. I am independent and private, I don't smoke or drink, I am vegetarian (others in the home need not be). If you have a place in the upper mountains that you think would suit, please let me know :)
Moving from Melbourne to the Blue Mountains to study at Tafe for the semester (Cert 3 in Outdoor Rec). I'm a laid back, easy-going, open minded student who just loves to chat about basically anything, I also have a soft spot for animals :) I'm really big into organic gardening, painting, and any form of outdoor activity! I'm clean and tidy and enjoy a good Netflix binge every now and then, and would love to make some new friends!
My name is Daylee and I'm a 24 year old female who has moved interstate from QLD. I'm looking for a room to rent, maximum i can pay is $200 a week. (all utilities included). I'm a quiet, respectful person who likes to be social and also can keep to myself when required. Looking for a place between Katoomba and Springwood and need something ASAP.
Fun, bubbly, hard working. Big personality. Neat and tidy, and can cook a good meal! Massage therapist ✌
A caring friend not a co-inhabitant, with an interest in keeping home (not just house) and building genuine friendships with whom ever I live. Given the nature of my work as a researcher I also value quiet and space to read and think. On the flip side I'm also currently recording an album so I come with a guitar and lots of singing (but I'm mindful of others need for quiet at times). Loves: music, dancing (salsa, contemporary and a boogie in the kitchen), engaging conversations, yoga, outdoors everything, cooking and animals (though no pets of my own). Feels challenged by: people who are inconsiderate of the needs/standards (eg of cleanliness, lifestyle)/ belongings of others, people who are unreliable. Would prefer a vegetarian household. I'm currently looking for a place to settle while I complete my degree but Im comfortable with 6 months if that's what works before moving on to the next adventure and group of people to meet.
I am a clean, quiet, friendly, helpful 57 year old man.I am very easy to get along with and always pay my rent and bills.I am a retired mechanic/handyman and can be very helpful to have around. I am single, No pets,Dont smoke never taken drugs and rarely have a drink. I hope to find a place long term with some off street parking. The accommodation does not have to be perfect or modern,but not falling down either. If the place needs some work I am happy to do it as well. I live in Sydney south but looking to move further north. Anything out of the congestion. I am open to other areas.


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Meet your new trustees, editors-in-chief and executive vice president in the Fall issue of ARVONews
Read more
Journal of Vision
Noise masking of White's illusion exposes the weakness of current spatial filtering models of lightness perception
Assessment of Visual and Chromatic Functions in a Rodent Model of Retinal Degeneration
Outer Segment Thickness Predicts Visual Field Response to QLT091001 in Patients with RPE65 or LRAT Mutations
Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and EarBoston, Mass.
The University of Rochester Rochester, N.Y.
University of California, Irvine School of MedicineIrvine, Calif.
Saturday, May 4, 2013
Sheraton Seattle Hotel (adjacent to the Washington State Convention Center)
Seattle, Washington
View the 2013 ISIE/Imaging Conference online planner
The annual Imaging Conference brings together members of the basic science, clinical and engineering communities who are interested in new techniques and methods for imaging the eye and their applications to clinical ophthalmology, fundamental vision research and biomedicine. Topics in 2013 included:
Questions? Contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
Program Organizers:
Wolfgang Drexler, PhDMedical University ViennaVienna, Austria
James G. Fujimoto, PhDMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts
Joel S Schuman, MDUPMC Eye Center/ University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Program Committee Members:
Bruce Berkowitz, PhDWayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, Mich.
Brad Fortune, OD, PhD Devers Eye InstitutePortland, Or.
Joseph Carroll, PhDMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, Wisc.
Giovanni Gregori, PhDBascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of MiamiMiami, Fla.
Joachim Hornegger, PhDUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
Joseph Izatt, PhDDuke UniversityDurham, N.C.
Jost Jonas, MDFaculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim-HeidelbergMannheim, Germany
Fabrice Manns, PhDOphthalmic Biophysics CenterBascom Palmer Eye InstituteMiami, Fla.
Ronald Silverman, PhDColumbia University Medical CenterNew York, N.Y.
Richard Spaide, MDVitreous Retina Macula Consultants NYNew York, N.Y
Bethesda, Md.
John S. Werner, PhDUniversity of California Davis Medical CenterSacramento, Calif.
Yoshiaki Yasuno, PhDInstitute of Applied PhysicsUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Linda Zangwill, PhDUniversity of California - San DiegoLa Jolla, Calif.
1801 Rockville Pike, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20852-5622 Phone +220.127.116.1100Fax +1.240.221.0370
Policies | Disclaimer | Privacy
© 2017 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology


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by Shania
Dear heavenly father, your blessings constantly pour upon my life. I am ever so grateful for everything I encounter, that makes me stronger in you and myself. God I ask that you guide me as I begin this new chapter in my life. Direct my mind in the right path to be successful in my new business journey as a teenager, and pray that only the fruits of the spirit will manifest from my journey. In Jesus' holy name, I pray, amen.
Comments for God guide me as I begin this new chapter
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Join in and write your own page! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to Business Prayers.
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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our uncomplicated sign up form and login to the website.
This step is voluntary but will dramatically increase your chances of people actually reading your profile and contacting you. Write a little about yourself, your hobbies and upload a nice photo of yourself.
Use our website's cutting-edge search to find members who meet your criteria. Or just browse through listings and find members that attract you.
Found someone who ticks all the boxes? Send them a word or two or just a wink and wait for their response. With a little luck you'll be on your way to true love.
You won't regret it


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More publications and reports here.
For more than 30 years the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung has contributed to a peaceful and stable development as well as to the deepening of understanding between Germany, Europe and Asia. This is in the European and German interest as local and regional crises have increasingly global consequences.
From the beginning the focus of the foundation's work in South, Southeast and East Asia has been the promotion of democratic development and of the social dimension of economic development. In the past few years, the foundation has given more importance to the international dialogue within Asia as well as between Asia and Europe, and to issues of crisis prevention.
The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung has 14 country offices in South, Southeast and East Asia, as well as an office for regional affairs in Singapore. 18 expatriate staff and more than 100 local staff work there. In its work the foundation cooperates with a number of governmental institutions, cities, trade unions, political parties, social movements, NGOs, media and scientific institutions, as well as international organizations.


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No movie data found
Kung Fu Panda 3 is a 2016 3D American-Chinese[5] computer-animated action comedy martial arts film, produced by DreamWorks Animation, and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson and Alessandro Carloni. The film was written by Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger, produced by Melissa Cobb, and executive produced by Guillermo del Toro. It is a sequel to the 2011 film Kung Fu Panda 2 and the third installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise. The film features the voices of Jack Black, Angelina Jolie, Dustin Hoffman, J. K. Simmons, Jackie Chan, Lucy Liu, Seth Rogen, David Cross, Bryan Cranston, Kate Hudson, and James Hong. Jean-Claude Van Damme and Randall Duk Kim reprise their roles as Master Croc and Oogway from the previous two films.
The film received a limited release in China on January 23 for a special three-hour sneak preview and was released starting from January 28 in South Korea and Russia and on January 29 in the United States and Canada in 3D with other markets scheduled to be released from early March to end of April.
The film, like its predecessors, received positive reviews from critics and the public. It had a bigger opening weekend in China than in the US and Canada and in the latter market recorded the lowest opening among the franchise. As of April 17, 2016, it has been a box office success, grossing $497 million worldwide.


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pxys is an efficient open proxy scanner software suite for Undernet IRC(u). It scans the clients' IPs to check for misconfigured WinGate, Cisco, SOCKS 4, SOCKS 5, some IRC bouncers, and other vulnerable HTTP proxies. Using the peak library for socket and asynchronous events handling, it is dedicated to run on huge IRCU networks, and is currently running on Undernet to avoid the overwhelming abuse of these proxy servers being exploited daily.
The PEAK library tries to achieve high performance in combining multi-threading with an efficient I/O event model. You can write event-based applications that use massive sockets I/O, timers, and signals. Its underlying I/O multiplexing engine supports kqueue(2) (FreeBSD, NetBSD, and Mac OS X), epoll(2) (Linux 2.6), and /dev/poll (Solaris). It provides support for optimized memory allocations, basic database primitives, and synchronization.
A tool for securing DNS communications between a client and a DNS resolver.
A polyhedral extraction tool (PET).


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DRAGONSOUL For PC Online Free Download And Install
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Emperor - Thorns On My Grave MP3
Artist: Emperor Album: Prometheus - The Discipline of Fire & Demise Lyrics: "I hereby commit my body to the ground sterilised and wrapped in plastic foil being ...
Emperor ~ Thorns On My Grave MP3
This was it, folks. The last song on the last album of Emperor. A fitting swansong if there ever was any. Lyrics: "I hereby commit my body to the ground sterilised ...
Thorns On My Grave MP3
Provided to YouTube by The Orchard Enterprises Thorns On My Grave · Emperor Prometheus: The Discipline Of Fire & Demise ℗ 2001 Abstract Sounds Music ...
Queer Circle- Thorns On My Grave MP3
Despite the name, awesome Funeral Doom from the 2003 LP "Capture of the Hope"
Moshpill - On my grave will rise thorns MP3
on my grave will rise thorns(demo 2008)
Emperor - Thorns On My Grave Lyrics MP3
Emperor - Thorns On My Grave Lyrics.
on my grave will rise thorns katerini MP3
Metalfish - Tomb of Thorns MP3
TOMB OF THORNS.(english) extracted from the deep uprooted from their homes dragged, wounded led to the slaughter. this is my grave with thorns where the ...
Emperor - In the Wordless Chamber (Live in Wacken 2006) [HQ 480p] MP3
Emperor : Prometheus - Discipline Of Fires & Demise(full album remaster) MP3
enjoy Ihsahn – vocals, lead and rhythm guitar, synthesizer, bass guitar, programming, arrangement and mixing Samoth – additional guitar Trym – drums and ...
Dark Fortress - Insomnia MP3
From the album Séance (2006) Lyrics: I drown... For too long I felt the winter's breath The rain keeps falling down into my soul Thorns cover my grave... they hurt ...
Grave Raven "Crowns of Thorn" C) 2014 MP3
Track Composer (Music & Lyrics) John Sherman Track Engineer: Mike Vujasin Track Producers; Vujasin & Sherman Mastering Engineer; Colin Jordan ...
Emperor - Prometheus - The Discipline of Fire & Demise (2001) full album, vinyl MP3
Direct links are provided to purchase the album on double LP, picture disc, CD and digital format. Links are also given for Emperor and Candlelight Records.
Psychotic Waltz - My Grave MP3
Also from the 1996 album Bleeding.
Psychotic Waltz - My Grave MP3
One of my favourite bands ever!Enjoy this great song from their last album (Bleeding 1996) One picture video. Psychotic Waltz was a progressive metal band ...
Crown and Thorns (Oceans) by KB Lyrics MP3
HD avaliable! Please subscribe for more music videos to come! Available in the iTunes Store Google Play Amazon Lyrics : Spirit lead me where my trust is ...
Thorns - Funeral Marches to the Grave MP3
Thorns - Funeral Marches to the Grave from album "Stigma Diabolicum" (2007)