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Fixed-Point Logics and Computation
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1 1 Fixed-Point Logics and Computation Symposium on the Unusual Effectiveness of Logic in Computer Science University of Cambridge
2 2 Mathematical Logic Mathematical logic seeks to formalise the process of mathematical reasoning and turn this process itself into a subject of mathematical enquiry. It investigates the relationships among: Structure Language Proof Proof-theoretic vs. Model-theoretic views of logic.
3 3 Computation as Logic If logic aims to reduce reasoning to symbol manipulation, On the one hand, computation theory provides a formalisation of symbol manipulation. On the other hand, the development of computing machines leads to logic engineering. The validities of first-order logic are r.e.-complete.
4 4 Proof Theory in Computation As all programs and data are strings of symbols in a formal system, one view sees all computation as inference. For instance, the functional programming view: Propositions are types. Programs are (constructive proofs). Computation is proof transformation.
5 5 Model Theory in Computation A model-theoretic view of computation aims to distinguish computational structures and languages used to talk about them. Data Structure Database Program/State Space Programming Language Query Language Specification Language The structures involved are rather different from those studied in classical model theory. Finite Model Theory.
6 6 First-Order Logic terms c, x, f(t 1,..., t a ) atomic formulas R(t 1,..., t a ), t 1 = t 2 boolean operations ϕ ψ, ϕ ψ, ϕ first-order quantifiers xϕ, xϕ Formulae are interpreted in structures: A = (A, R 1,..., R m, f 1,..., f n, c 1,..., c n )
7 7 Success of First-Order Logic First-order logic is very successful at its intended purpose, the formalisation of mathematics. Many natural mathematical theories can be expressed as first-order theories. These include set theory, fundamental to the foundations of mathematics. Gödel s completeness theorem guarantees that the consequences of these theories can be effectively obtained.
8 8 Finite Structures The completeness theorem fails when restricted to finite structures. The sentences of first-order logic, valid on finite structures are not recursively enumarable. (Trakhtenbrot 1950) On finite structures, first-order logic is both too strong and too weak.
9 9 First-Order Logic is too Strong For every finite structure A, there is a sentence ϕ A such that B = ϕ A if, and only if, B = A For any isomorphism-closed class of finite structures, there is a first-order theory that defines it.
10 10 First-Order Logic is too Weak For any first-order sentence ϕ, its class of finite models Mod F (ϕ) = {A A finite, and A = ϕ} is trivially decidable (in LogSpace). There are computationally easy classes that are not defined by any first-order sentence. The class of sets with an even number of elements. The class of graphs (V, E) that are connected.
11 11 Inductive Definitions In computing (and logic), many classes of structures are naturally defined inductively. viz. The definition of the terms and formulae of first-order logic. Includes definitions of syntax and semantics of most languages, of data structures (trees, lists, etc.), of arithmetic functions.
12 12 Definition by Fixed Point The collection of first-order terms can be defined as the least set containing all constants, all variables and such that f(t 1,..., t a ) is a term whenever t 1,..., t a are terms and f is a function symbol of arity a. The addition function is defined as the least function satisfying: x + 0 = x x + s(y) = s(x + y). In each case, the set defined is the least fixed point of a monotone operator on sets.
13 13 From Metalanguage to Language The logic LFP is formed by closing first-order logic under the rule: If ϕ is a formula, positive in the relational variable R, then so is [lfp R,x ϕ](t). The formula is read as: the tuple t is in the least fixed point of the operator that maps R to ϕ(r, x).
14 14 Connectivity The formula u v[lfp T,xy (x = y z(e(x, z) T (z, y)))](u, v) is satisfied in a graph (V, E) if, and only if, it is connected. The expressive power of LFP properly extends that of first-order logic.
15 15 Immerman-Vardi Theorem Consider finite structures with a distinguished relation < that is interpreted as a linear order of the universe. A class of finite ordered structures is definable by a sentence of LFP if, and only if, membership in the class is decidable by a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time. (Immerman, Vardi 1982). In the absence of the order assumption, there are easily computable properties that are not definable in LFP.
16 16 Iterated Fixed Points The least fixed point of the operator defined by a formula ϕ(r, x) on a structure A can be obtained by an iterative process: R 0 = R m+1 = {a A, R m = ϕ[a/x]} There is a k such that if A has n elements, the fixed point is reached in at most n k stages. On infinite structures, we have to also take unions at limit stages.
17 17 Inflationary Fixed Point Logic If ϕ(r, x) is not necessarily positive in R, the following iterative process still gives an increasing sequence of stages: R 0 = R m+1 = R m {a A, R m = ϕ[a/x]} The limit of this sequence is the inflationary fixed point of the operator defined by ϕ. IFP is the set of formulae obtained by closing first-order logic under the formula formation rule: [ifp R,x ϕ](t).
18 18 LFP vs. IFP It is clear that every formula of LFP is equivalent to one of IFP. Every formula of IFP is equivalent, on finite structures, to one of LFP. (Gurevich-Shelah, 1986) The restriction to finite structures is not necessary. (Kreutzer, 2002)
19 19 Partial Fixed Point Logic For any formula ϕ(r, x) and structure A, we can define the iterative sequence of stages R 0 = R m+1 = {a A, R m = ϕ[a/x]}. This sequence is not necessarily increasing, and may or may not converge to a fixed point. The partial fixed point is the limit of this sequence if it exists, and otherwise. PFP is the set of formulae obtained by closing first-order logic under the formula formation rule: [pfp R,x ϕ](t).
20 20 Abiteboul-Vianu Theorem A class of finite ordered structures is definable by a sentence of PFP if, and only if, membership in the class is decidable by a deterministic Turing machine using a polynomial amount of space. Every formula of P F P is equivalent (on finite structures) to one of LFP if, and only if, every polynomial space decidable property is also decidable in polynomial time. (Abiteboul-Vianu 1995) Similar re-formulations of various complexity-theoretic questions (including the P vs. NP question) in terms of fixed-point logics.
21 21 State Transition Systems lacements A class of structures of great importance in verification are state transition systems, which are models of program behaviour. a q b b p, q p a q a b A = (S, (E a ) a A, (p) p P ), where A is a set of actions and P is a set of propositions.
22 22 Modal Logic The formulae of Hennessy-Milner logic are given by: T and F p (p P ) ϕ ψ; ϕ ψ; ϕ [a]ϕ; a ϕ (a A). For the semantics, note K, v = a ϕ iff for some w with v a w, we have K, w = ϕ. Dually for [a].
23 23 Modal µ-calculus Generally, logics more expressive than H-M are considered. The modal µ-calculus (L µ ) extends H-M with recursion (and extends a variety of other extensions, such as CTL, PDL, CTL ). An additional collection of variables X 1, X 2,... µx : ϕ is a formula if ϕ is a formula containing only positive occurrences of X. K, v = µx : ϕ iff v is in the least set X such that X ϕ in (K, X).
24 24 LFP and the µ-calculus Suppose ϕ is a formula of LFP with no more than k first-order variables (and no parameters to fixed-point operators). There is a formula ˆϕ of the L µ such that A = ϕ if, and only if, Â k = ˆϕ, where Âk is the transition system with states corresponding to k-tuples of A, k actions corresponding to substitutions, and propositions corresponding to the relations of A. This gives a computational equivalence between many problems of LFP and L µ.
25 25 IFP and the µ-calculus While every formula of IFP is equivalent to one of LFP, the translation does not preserve number of variables. Some of the desirable computational properties of L µ do not lift to IFP. Modal logic with an inflationary fixed point operator is more expressive than L µ.
26 26 Modal Fixed-Point Logics MIC the modal inflationary calculus. L µ MIC Finite Model Property Yes No Satisfiability Decidable Not Arithmetic Model-checking NP co-np PSPACE-complete Languages defined Regular Some context-sensitive all linear-time. (D., Grädel, Kreutzer 2001) Modal versions of partial and nondeterministic fixed-point logic can also be separated.
27 27 In Summary Model-theoretic methods concerned with studying the expressive power of logical languages. First-order logic does not occupy a central place. A variety of fixed-point extensions of first-order logic used to study complexity. Convergence of methods with fixed-point modal logics studied in verification. Fine structure of fixed-point logics can be studied in the modal context.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Current Round
Min Deposit: 1.00 Max: 20 Skins
cs go skins database
That's set to change next month with a raft of Steam Machines hitting the market, but in the meantime Steam has released two peripherals: the Steam Controller and the Steam Link. The latter lets you play games on your TV via your gaming rig, but it's the controller – with its haptic pads – I'll be looking at in more detail here.Fundamental parts of Counter-Strike are opaque. Which surfaces can and can't be penetrated, and by which weapons? How do flashes work? Can a player that loses the first two rounds of a match afford an AWP? You have to be willing to do some homework and take in raw facts about the game, information that drives deeper realizations about how it can be played.With the aid of international travel, teams such as Bravado Gaming and Energy eSports have already left a small impression on international communities after attending tournaments such as ESWC, Dreamhack and the MSI Beat It Dota 2 tournament. Of course with the aid of globally broadcast games quite a number of teams have also left a mark on the scene. In 2015 we had a large majority of our tournaments featured on Dota 2 Lounge and CS:GO Lounge, which showcased our best teams to an international audience.The Cherry MX Blue switches found in the Cooler Master are something of a control for our experiment. The Blue switches are designed to have both a physical and audible response, with a light touch and quick activation point.It's also a huge sum for a 21-year-old still living under his parents' roof, but the young entrepreneur isn't too caught up on numbers. "We want to give back to the community but it's also an excellent way to advertise our product." European second seed Epsilon have lifted Thor's hammer as 2016's Smite world champions. They defeated North American underdogs Enemy 3-0 in a run of tense, exciting games.
Building the community, Redline thinks, will let them bring the same structure to other games as well. "I never got into the competitive CS:GO experience because I know that I don't like it. I don't want that, I want to get the SOCOM feel back. I'm a PC gamer, but I want to bring back the console multiplayer community experience."he wait to see where ex-TSM CS:GO pros Team Question Mark has ended, and it turns out they're not going anywhere - they're building something new. Astralis, their newly formed company with a name bought from an old Finnish team, is a joint venture between the players, tech start-up investor Tommy Ahlers and Danish firm Sunstone Capital. What's interesting about the deal is that unlike in most eSports organisations, the players have a stake in the company behind the team.Blitz Missions are like time-limited achievements open to players worldwide. For a couple of hours, you'll earn bonus XP for completing goals like scoring wins in competitive Empire matches.
Whoever they have gone with, TQM are hoping to be able to say who they're with before the upcoming Dreamhack Leipzig event on the 22nd of January.The global arms trade is one of the most lucrative markets in the world, but two young gamers have discovered the virtual weapons market isn't too shabby either.Accordingly, the R8's damage has been reduced to 86 from 115 and it takes a touch longer to fire at 0.4 seconds. The spread has been widened too.
Exactly how it's getting done is up for debate - as you'd expect there's a lot of speculation. We shan't add to that here, so suffice it to say that the conspiracy theorists are already out in force.As Counter-Strike: Global Offensive updates go, the latest adding much nicer hands isn't the largest. It hit yesterday, updating from lower poly and less detailed models to nice fancy new ones with sexy knobbly bits on the gloves. Very fancy. The announcement post also confirmed that CS:GO was hitting 10 million unique users a month currently, a tremendous figure if you consider the fact that CSGO ain't free (though has been very cheap several times). Meanwhile on the pro scene, orphaned Team Question Mark, previously of Team Solo-Mid before an unamicable split late last year, have signed with a new sponsor.Wouter Sleijffers is the CEO of Fnatic, one of Europe's biggest and most successful progamming teams. He also describes unchecked gambling as a problem that the industry needs to tackle. "Teenagers' gambling should be prevented," he said. CompLexity Gaming has announced that it is returning to the CS:GO scene with a new team, "The Syndicate," whose roster includes Kory "Semphis" Friesen, one of the players on the compLexity CS:GO roster that was acquired last year by Cloud9.
"I realized there had to be more 'degenerate' gamblers like myself," he says. "That's why everything has value, because people can't stop gambling on boxes." He quickly spent another $2,000 in a bid to get his potential business properly up and running.The logistics may not necessarily work very well, either, as Faceit may have to contend with a worldwide community that is larger than they can possibly handle. That, and they legally have no right to look for anything, and players can choose to compete somewhere else should they feel compelled to do so. Because there are many different competition networks, it's almost a poor business decision that's not really ground in reality. If they wanted to take a stand against cheating to help put a stop to it, there are other ways that don't have as much of an affect on their bottom line.Here's the full ESL One Cologne tournament schedule . 16 teams are competing for a $250,000 prize pool, with favorites like NiP, Dignitas, and Virtus.pro matched against "challengers," as the ESL teams page puts it, like Copenhagen Wolves, NaVi, and iBuypower. Thursday's matches will determine the seeding of these teams within their four-team groups, with Saturday quarterfinals preceding the semi and grand finals on Sunday.Correction - 30/06: A previous version of this article said that OPSkins co-founder Artur Minacov dropped out of college to focus on his business. Rather, Minacov dropped out to pursue a previous business that was not OPSkins.As Counter-Strike: Global Offensive updates go, the latest adding much nicer hands isn't the largest. It hit yesterday, updating from lower poly and less detailed models to nice fancy new ones with sexy knobbly bits on the gloves. Very fancy. The announcement post also confirmed that CS:GO was hitting 10 million unique users a month currently, a tremendous figure if you consider the fact that CSGO ain't free (though has been very cheap several times). Meanwhile on the pro scene, orphaned Team Question Mark, previously of Team Solo-Mid before an unamicable split late last year, have signed with a new sponsor.Gifted games, retail purchased games or free to play games do not contribute to the $5 USD threshold, which to me is honestly not too much of a big deal. For free to play games such as Team Fortress 2, if you buy for example keys or guns to the total of $5, it will count.Interestingly, when more granular results are looked at, some definite trends can be seen. If we consider just US sales, Global Offensive slots in at #3, but still sold more copies than any other country. Fallout 4 instead tops the US charts, with 968,000 copies sold, while GTA V hit #2, with 777,000.
Valve designer Greg "Gregori" Coomer published the new Steam Controller demo video over the weekend which shows the new device being put through its paces revealing how the touch sensitive pads function during gameplay.The game also has background interactions, which boil down to things that cause damage and things you can jump off of to cover a huge distance very quickly. All characters interact with objects the same way, as opposed to Injustice's more nuanced system, where characters broke down into "speed" or "power" camps. Picking up old women, dead bodies, or hapless monks and throwing them at your foes is pretty amazing. A new meter governs your use of interactables, preventing you from spamming them over and over again. The meter also drains when you back dash and when you run, which is another addition over the previous game. I found the run command to be a little cumbersome, as it requires you to hit block after a forward dash. So if you happen to be the sort of player who likes to dash forward and immediately block, hoping to bait out some sort of attack, that block turns into a run, leaving you wide open to damage. That took some adjusting on my part, and I'm still occasionally running face-first into someone's foot because I didn't remember to double-tap block to start and then immediately stop the run. This seems like the sort of thing that is more of a me problem than anything else, but I figured I'd mention it just the same.Characters come in three variations, which you select while you're selecting the character. This means that you can select a Scorpion that has swords that are used in some of his normal moves, a Scorpion who has additional fire abilities (including a proper fireball), or a Scorpion that uses clone-like minions in some new special moves. It's a cool touch that lets you pick a character type that fits more to your sort of fighting style (or counter-pick someone else's without completely changing characters), but in some cases it distributes the special moves in ways that feel weird or reuse moves from other games. One of Reptile's variants, for example, just steals The Flash's ability to slow down time right out of Injustice, color change and all.Game Skins are visuals, covering game item appearance weapons or characters and are activated directly in-game. Skins are in effect, customized graphics that allow gamers to stand out from each other within the game. In 2007, Team Fortress 2 launched their own collectibles hats. Later came the era of free 2 plays with only non-invasive skins (no advantage in the game apart from cosmetic so players are still equal). Today, such game titles as TF2, CS:GO, LoL have their business model based on allowing their creators to develop their product endlessly, through the use of skins.ʏһҳúcs go all stickers
Ђһҳúcs go selling items


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Upcoming Events & News
Indoor Yard Sale -- Sept. 24, 9 a.m. to noon. Those who don't know what to do with all the stuff they no longer need are encouraged to sell it at the Indoor Yard Sale! It's inside so sellers and shoppers don't need to worry about the weather. Rent space and take tables, or tables will be provided for an additional fee. Preregistration is required for those interested in selling. Free to browse all of the booths. Cost is $15 for a 10-foot by 10-foot booth and $24 for a double booth. Register by Sept. 22.
Youth Programs
Magic & Theater Workshop -- TRC is now offering a Youth Magic Workshop and a Youth Theater workshop for ages 7 through 13. Both will be Wednesday nights, Oct. 5 through Nov. 2. In the Magic Workshop, "The Great Brad" will lead participants through the wonderful world of magic. Participants will learn to perform tricks that will amaze family and friends. The workshop is from 6 to 7 p.m. The Theater Workshop will run from 7 to 8 p.m. and will teach participants the dynamics of acting, singing and dance. At the end of the class, children will perform a variety show for family and friends. Cost for each workshop is $45 for residents and $50 for non-residents. Register by Sept. 30.
Home School Open Gym -- Thursdays, beginning, Sept. 15, 12:45 to 2:30 p.m. Home school starts back up for students in kindergarten through 12th grade who will participate in flag football and dodgeball. No pre-registration necessary. Cost is $4 for residents and $6 for non-residents.
Sports Programs
Indoor Men's Flag Football Leagues -- Play adult men's flag football on TRC's indoor soccer field. The league is open to men's teams ages 18 and older and includes eight games plus playoffs for the top four teams. League plays Sundays, 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. beginning Oct. 2. Cost is $475 per team plus referee fees of $10 per team paid to the referee at each game. Registration closes Sept. 19 or when the league is full.
Men's Basketball Leagues -- The men's basketball league is for men's teams ages 18 and older and plays Monday evenings beginning Oct. 3. It includes eight games plus playoffs for the top four teams. Cost is $475. Registration closes Sept. 18 or when the league is full.
Programs and classes take place at the Tallmadge Recreation Center, 46 N. Munroe Road, unless otherwise noted.


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Acid Reflux after mommy makeover
- TJKTexas
- Last updated: 1 year ago
I am 3 days post mommy makeover and I feel like I have a lump in the bottom of my throat. That mixed with all the tightness around my rib caget is giving me anxiety. Does anyone know what causes this lump or how to fix it???


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Jim France will give the green flag to the field for the 90th anniversary 24 Hours of Le Mans, following in his father's footsteps, Bill France Jr. who gave the green flag to the field in the 1976 edition of the race.
With a month to go until the 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) is delighted to announce that GRAND-AM Road Racing founder and NASCAR Vice-Chairman Jim France will give the start to the event on Saturday June 22.
This event is timely as sports car racing in North America is about to undergo a new phase of expansion in 2014 under the leadership of France with the contribution of the ACO and its partner, Don Panoz, the founder of the American Le Mans Series.
Thirty-seven years after his brother, Bill France Jr., Jim France (68) will be entrusted with the task of lowering the French flag to unleash the 56 cars in the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The Frances are the sons of Bill France Sr., founder of the prestigious NASCAR stock car racing organization in North America.
On April 14, the ACO agreed to the accord between the ALMS and GRAND-AM to create a unified sports car series in North America to be called United SportsCar Racing.
The creation of United SportsCar Racing ensures that this form of motor sports started by the ACO with the first running of the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1923 will be in the best possible hands in North America.
The French flag with which France will give the start to the 2013 event will be handed to him symbolically on June 20 by Don Panoz in the presence of ACO President Pierre Fillon.
It is the first time in the 90-years' history of the 24 Hours of Le Mans that the start of the race will have been given by two members of the same family.
Pierre Fillon: President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest: "We are particularly honored that Jim France has accepted to give the start to the Le Mans 24 Hours in this very symbolic year, in which we're celebrating the 90th anniversary of the greatest endurance race in the world. It proves just how close are the links between the club that created endurance racing and the authorities of North American motor sports."
Jim France: Grand-Am Founder and NASCAR Vice-chairman: "I will be waving the flag to start next month's 24 Hours of Le Mans on behalf of the entire North American sports car community. It demonstrates the universal interest in the consolidation of America's two leading road racing organizations. The world-wide racing community is already anticipating the debut of United SportsCar Racing at the 2014 Rolex 24 At Daytona, with its close association to the ACO and link to the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
On a personal note, it's gratifying to serve in a role that my brother Bill performed in 1976. My dad Bill Sr. always appreciated the international appeal of sports car racing, which he felt was epitomized in the 24 Hours of Le Mans."
Flash-back to 1976: Bill France Jr. gives the start to the 24 Hours of Le Mans
Such was the economic and sporting context at the time in 1976 that the Automobile Club de l'Ouest decided to favor the on-track spectacle rather than energy saving. That year, in order to fire the enthusiasm of the spectators eager for innovations, the Le Mans 24-Hours race had a distinctly American flavor about it with the creation of the Daytona/Le Mans Challenge, an IMSA-GTP category, and to thicken the mix a few "monsters" from the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series starting with John Greenwood who decorated his 750 bhp Chevrolet Corvette with the Lafayette flag.
The second Art Car in the event's history was the work of American artist Frank Stella who embellished the bodywork of a BMW with mathematically-drawn paper-like lines! To signify this appeal to America, Bill France Jr. NASCAR President at the time, gave the start as the ACO's guest of honour.
He was guided by then ACO President, Raymond Gouloumès and Alain Bertaut, "Mr Regulations," who had gone to see him in Florida at the end of January to offer him this honor.
Bill France Jr. was accompanied by his teenage son Brian who got his first taste of European motor sport.
However, the exotic American cars like the Dodge Charger, Ford Torino, Chevrolet Monza and the Chevrolet Corvettes did not see the chekered flag in a race won by Jacky Ickx and Gijs van Lennep in their Porsche 936.


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1984 Fleer Update #U-43 Dwight Gooden PSA NM-MT 8 *2340
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1984 Fleer Update #U-43 Dwight Gooden PSA NM-MT 8 *2340.Thanks, Baseball Card Exchange.
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In this issue of Developmental Cell, Soper and colleagues (2008) report that the mammalian MAELSTROM (MAEL) protein is critical for transposon silencing in the male germ line. Loss of MAEL is associated with meiotic failure and DNA damage, suggesting that efficient transposable element restraining mechanisms must be in place for the preservation of germ line integrity.
Sexually reproducing species face the daunting challenge of transmitting their genetic material to subsequent generations without the accumulation of mutations or major genomic alterations. Since the discovery of transposable elements (TEs) by Barbara McClintock sixty years ago, it has been recognized that these mobile sequences pose a considerable threat to genomic integrity during germ line transmission. It is therefore not surprising that diverse mechanisms have evolved to silence germ line TE mobilization. A paper in this issue of Developmental Cell reveals the importance of the MAELSTROM protein in transposon control and highlights the danger posed by mobile elements when left unchecked in the mammalian germ line.
DNA methylation is one well-understood mechanism of TE silencing. Recently, a novel transposon-silencing pathway reliant on small RNAs has attracted much attention (Aravin et al, 2007). At the center of this pathway is a class of small RNAs (termed piRNAs) that bind the germ line-specific "Piwi" class of Argonaute proteins. Many of these piRNAs are complementary to mobile elements. Mutations in two mouse Piwi members, Mili (Piwil2) and Miwi2 (Piwil4), result in the loss of TE DNA methylation in the testes (Kuramochi-Miyagawa et al 2008). These findings suggest that small RNAs guide the methylation machinery to transposable elements in the germ line to mediate silencing. Recently, the mouse MAELSTROM protein was found to interact with two Piwi proteins, MILI (PIWIL2) and MIWI (PIWIL1), in the germ line-specific structure called nuage (Costa et al, 2006), hinting that MAEL may function in this pathway.
Nuage (cloud in French) is a perinuclear electron-dense structure found in germ line cells of many species. Its function, however, has remained mysterious. Similar to P bodies in somatic cells, the germ line-specific nuage is enriched for multiple components of the small RNA silencing pathway, including the helicases Armitage and Spindle-E, and the Piwi proteins Argonaute3 and Aubergine in flies, ZIWI in zebrafish, and MILI and MIWI in mice (Klattenhoff and Theurkauf, 2008). Recent studies have established a connection between members of the Piwi pathway and transposon control. Moreover, derepression of retrotransposons was observed in two Drosophila nuage component mutants, maelstrom and krimper (Lim and Kai, 2007), suggesting that the nuage coordinates activity of the RNA silencing pathway in TE control in the Drosophila germ line.
In flies, Maelstrom is expressed in the female germ line, yet its biochemical function remains undefined. It was originally identified based on is role in oocyte axis specification (Clegg et al, 1997; Findley et al, 2003). The name refers to the distorted appearance of microtubules in mael mutant oocytes. However, subsequent studies suggested that the patterning phenotype is a secondary consequence of DNA damage checkpoint activation (Klattenhoff et al, 2008). Recent work demonstrated that Mael is required for the accumulation of repeat-associated siRNAs (rasiRNAs) and repression of TEs in flies (Lim and Kai, 2007).
Until now, it remained unknown whether the mammalian counterpart of nuage and MAELSTROM protein(s) function in transposon silencing in the germ line. In mammals, MAEL is expressed in the male germ line. Soper and colleagues (2008) first examined the localization of MAEL during spermatogenesis (Figure 1). They observed a stage-specific recruitment of MAEL to nuage during the late pachytene and diplotene stages.
To investigate the role of the mammalian ortholog of MAEL in germ line development, a null allele of Mael was generated in mice. Elimination of Mael led to germ cell degeneration in the testes and male sterility. Mutant spermatocytes fail to mature beyond zygotene of meiotic prophase I and are eliminated by apoptosis by mid-pachytene. Furthermore, examination of chromosome pairing reveals that MAEL is essential for meiotic chromosome synapsis. In contrast to Drosophila Maelstrom, expression of the mammalian ortholog has not been demonstrated during oogenesis, and no mention is made of a female infertility phenotype in Mael null mice.
Interestingly, the Mael mutants undergo meiotic arrest at the same point in spermatogenesis as Miwi2 and Mili mutants, suggesting a functional relationship between these proteins. This led the authors to ask whether MAEL is required for piRNA biogenesis. Mael mutants are competent for production of pre-pachytene piRNAs, which target repeat elements, indicating that MAEL is dispensable for piRNA expression and accumulation. Subsequent pachytene piRNAs are not expressed, presumably reflecting meiotic crisis and germ cell loss. These data do not support a primary role for MAEL in piRNA processing, although additional studies may shed a brighter light on this issue.
A fascinating consequence of the loss of Mael is a dramatic increase in expression of LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons in adult mutant testes relative to WT, as measured by RT-PCR. Moreover, activation of L1 correlated with impairment of DNA methylation, reminiscent of the Mili and Miwi2 mutant phenotypes (Kuramochi-Miyagawa et al 2008). A significant increase in L1 ORF1p, which encodes a structural protein required for retrotransposition, was also observed. Expression of L1 in the nucleus led to extensive DNA damage, evidenced by co-localization of ORF1p and γH2AX, a marker of double strand breaks (DSBs). This is consistent with reports demonstrating that overexpression of L1 resulted in the accumulation of γH2AX foci and DSBs in cell culture (Gasior et al, 2006).
The authors then performed an elegant series of experiments to distinguish DSBs that occur normally during meiosis and DNA damage that occurs in Mael -/- mutants. SPO11 is a topoisomerase that generates DSBs during meiosis. In contrast to mice that lack Spo11 alone, double mutant mice lacking both Spo11 and Mael show massive γH2AX signal in meiotic nuclei. These findings provide evidence that the DSBs in Mael -/- mutants are independent of normal breaks that facilitate genetic recombination.
Soper and colleagues (2008) have demonstrated that the mammalian MAELSTROM protein is essential for silencing of retrotransposons and provide evidence that early meiosis is a critical time-point when transposon control is ensured in the male germ line. Many questions remain. Since pre-pachytene piRNAs accumulate to normal levels in Mael mutants, MAEL likely functions downstream of piRNA biogenesis and perhaps piRNA-Piwi complex assembly. Instead, MAEL may function at a later step such as shuttling Piwi complexes from the nuage to sites of TE methylation, as Soper et al. speculate. Indeed, MAEL localization is dynamic, shuttling from nuage to the nucleus (Findley et al, 2003). It will thus be important to examine the localization of Piwi proteins in Mael mutants. The authors also suggest that MAEL may play a more prominent role in MIWI2-dependent processes based on the similarity between their mutant phenotypes. MAELSTROM interacts with MILI and MIWI, however additional studies are necessary to determine whether MAEL associates with MIWI2. Perhaps most importantly, the primary cause of DNA damage and meiotic failure in Mael mutants remains elusive. Is it solely driven by mobilization of TEs or could there be other consequences of Maelstrom loss? If the former, what burden of transposon activity can be tolerated during meiosis? A lesser compromise of TE silencing mechanisms (i.e., hypomorphic alleles of Mael or Piwi family members) or circumvention of the meiotic crisis phenotype, coupled with availing technologies for endogenous transposon mapping, may provide a new means for forward genetics in mice. Finally, conspicuously lacking is an understanding of TE silencing in mammalian oogenesis, which appears resistant to meiotic failure in several mouse models (Hunt and Hassold, 2002). Despite many unanswered questions, the emerging story of nuage function draws our attention to possible threats transposable elements pose when not efficiently silenced. Much like the chaos created by the infamous whirlpool described in Poe's essay A Descent into the Maelstrom, inappropriate transposon activation may well wreak havoc in the germ line.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Now that I've stepped into the 21st century and finally learned how to embed YouTube videos on my blog, I guess the next step is following these directions on how to download (or is that upload? No, that would be downloading, still.) YouTube videos on my Zune.
Once I get a Zune, that is...
Bookmark or blogroll me at http://www.paulamooney.blogspot.com/ and drop back in some day to see what I'm up to next. Blessings and love, Paula
Tags: youtube ,zune ,videos ,download ,upload ,how ,to ,put


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Lyn St. James, Desire Wilson Test Historic Cobra Coupe at Miller Motorsports Park TOOELE VALLEY, UTAH (August 10, 2007) -- Two of the world's most renowned female racing drivers tested at Miller Motorsports Park on Wednesday, August 8. Desire...
Lyn St. James, Desire Wilson Test Historic Cobra Coupe at Miller Motorsports Park
TOOELE VALLEY, UTAH (August 10, 2007) -- Two of the world's most renowned female racing drivers tested at Miller Motorsports Park on Wednesday, August 8. Desire Wilson, wife of Miller Motorsports Park CEO/General Manager Alan Wilson, former Formula 1, Champ Car and professional sports car racer and the only woman in history to win a Formula 1 race (British Aurora F1 Series, Brands Hatch, England, 1980), and Lyn St. James, longtime professional American sports car racer (IMSA GTO and SCCA Trans-Am series), world closed-course speed record-holder and 1992 Indy 500 rookie of the year, shook down a Willment Cobra Coupe from the Larry H. Miller Collection in preparation for the Goodwood Revival.
The Goodwood Revival is the world's best and most renowned historic racing event, to be held at England's Goodwood Circuit over the weekend of August 31-September 2. It features the world's most significant historic racing cars from the era 1947-1966, when Goodwood originally was in operation, as well as many of the world's top drivers.
The Willment Cobra Coupe was a one-off coupe-bodied variant of a Shelby Cobra built in 1964 by England's John Willment Racing Team from a set of original Shelby Daytona Coupe plans and the original body bucks. There were six original Daytona Coupes built by Shelby, and the Willment team was forced to build its own after being turned down for an original car. It was not completed in time for that year's Le Mans race, but went on to enjoy the longest racing career of any of the coupes.
For St. James, who now champions the cause of young female racers with the Lyn St. James Foundation, it was her first visit to Miller Motorsports Park.
"This facility is awesome," she said. "To have a facility not only this huge, but that has so many adaptable, functional configurations, plus the kart track and all the other amenities, it is extraordinary."
She was also pleased with her chance to drive the Willment Coupe.
"The car is really quite good," she enthused. "Cars from back in the '60s were not nearly as sophisticated as race cars that we're used to driving. So you get spoiled, but at the same time we became good friends. I got very comfortable with the left-hand shift, and the car works pretty good. It's well-balanced, too. I can't wait to race it at Goodwood."
This will be St. James' fourth appearance at Goodwood, and her second time co-driving with Wilson.
"Desire and I drove Larry Miller's Cobra Daytona Coupe at Goodwood two years ago," she recalled, "and we finished fifth. So we're looking forward to teaming up again with the Willment Coupe this year and trying to do even better."
Wilson, who lives in Bountiful and works part-time as an instructor at Miller Motorsports Park's Ford Racing School of High Performance Driving, relishes the opportunity to race such an historic car at such a prestigious event.
"I really enjoy racing at the Goodwood Revival," she said, "and teaming up with Lyn again will be great fun. The Willment Cobra Coupe is a big beast of a car, and we'll have a good time mixing it up with all the other great drivers and cars."
For more information on Miller Motorsports Park, call the track at (435) 277-RACE or visit the website at www.millermotorsportspark.com. For more information on the Goodwood Revival, visit their website at www.goodwood.co.uk/revival.
-credit: mmp


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Speaking of storylines, we can't forget to mention that the Wachowski Siblings have given The Matrix: Path of Neo an all-new ending to compliment its broader videogame approach. The pair did write and direct the events of the game just as they did the movies, don't forget, so they were sure to add a finish that was more befitting of the interactive experience. In fact, the moment that the Wachowskis come onscreen to introduce the final stage (and subsequent ending) is easily the most bizarre moment of the entire game and, in a way, epitomizes one of The Matrix's biggest flaws in that it doesn't tell its story very well.
Truth be told, the way that the cutscenes from the three Matrix films (and the Animatrix) are cut together between levels just doesn't make any sense. I've seen all of the above pictures several times each and it was still hard for me to follow what was going on. If you've never seen any of the films... then just forget about it -- you're better off just skipping the cutscenes altogether and pretending there's no story to begin with.
The most noticeable problem of all, though, is found with the visuals. As
I mentioned earlier, Path of Neo is overflowing with all sorts of cool graphical tricks like Light blooming, depth of field, and even normal mapping (previously thought unworkable on the PS2). But because of the all the effects that Shiny has turned on at once, it frequently bogs everything down and slows the framerate considerably. This means that oftentimes, you'll be inputting commands into the controller as part of a natural sequence and they won't always happen because the screen hasn't caught up with what you're doing yet.
Amazingly, the framerate and camera problems seem to be more prevalent in the Xbox version of The Matrix than compared to the PS2... not to mention the fact that Sony's machine supports a widescreen mode while Microsoft's does not (Xbox does get 480p, though). The camera will repeatedly get caught in bad places as well (particularly in the indoor levels), and when coupled with some motion-captured animations that don't always link together so well, makes it really difficult to tell what's going on.
Fans of The Matrix will probably gobble up the Path of Neo at retail and it's easy to see why. It does feature a fun and flexible combat engine, a long 12-15 hour adventure, and all the most memorable scenes from the Wachowski's motion picture trilogy. Some of the moves you can perform are just plain cool too (object levitation and code vision spring to mind), while the final boss battle is definitely worth experiencing. But at the end of the day, I can't help but feel like the production team bit off more than it could chew by trying to cram in as many gameplay types, graphical effects, and scenes from the movie as possible as opposed to refining and focusing the things the really worked: namely kicking Agent's smith's smirking digital ass.


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The last sardine cannery in the United States will shut down this week in Maine, bringing to a close an industry that has dominated many of the state's small coastal villages for 135 years.
The first U.S. sardine cannery opened in Maine in 1875, when a New York businessman set up the Eagle Preserved Fish Co. in Eastport, the Associated Press reports.
The lone survivor -- Stinson Seafood plant in Gouldsboro -- will shut its doors after a century in operation.
Once considered an imported delicacy, sardines now have a humble reputation.
Fighting declining demand and a changing business climate, production at Maine canneries has been sliding since peaking at 384 million cans in 1950. Last year, the Stinson plant produced 30 million cans.
Lela Anderson, 78, has worked in sardine canneries since the 1940s and says it "just doesn't seem possible this is the end."
She is one of 130 workers who are losing their job, the AP reports.
(Posted by Doug Stanglin)
Doug is an unrepentant news junkie who loves breaking news and has been known to watch C-SPAN even on vacation. He has covered a wide range of domestic and international news stories, from prison riots in Oklahoma to the Moscow coup against Mikhail Gorbachev. Doug previously served as foreign editor at USA TODAY. More about Doug
Michael Winter has been a daily contributor to On Deadline since its debut in January 2006. His journalism career began in the prehistoric Ink Era, and he was an early adapter at the dawn of the Digital Age. His varied experience includes editing at the San Jose Mercury News and The Philadelphia Inquirer.
Also: Follow On Deadline on Twitter


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Search Engine Optimization Specialist
Experienced, ambitious & highly effective SEO/ Internet Marketing specialist with strong commercial acumen.
Work History
Search Engine Optimizations Specialist
From November 2009
Online Marketing & Communications Exec
The National Concert Hall
September 2008 - November 2009
Digital Marketing Executive
Aer Lingus
March 2007 - September 2008
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Check out some of the examples of the emails I've worked on over the years.
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Optimizing all our users Weedle pages is an ongoing project I have been working on. Weedle reached a top SEO milestone today with 1 million Weedle pages indexed!
Thanks to @[579bf3c0-0784-11df-b1a2-00155d010212|enrico.foschi|Enrico Foschi] and all the guys for their assistance in achieving this.
Masters in Marketing 2004, Dublin City University
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I completed an honours degree in Business Studies in DCU in 2003. I specialised in Marketing in my final year and my thesis was on "Should TV Advertising to Children be Banned in Ireland?"
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Experienced, ambitious and highly effective SEO/ Internet Marketing specialist with strong commercial acumen.
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Here are some examples of my SEO work at Weedle. The below screenshots are examples of searches returning accurate, targeted results in the number one position in Google.
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Weird representation of generated waves
Hi, I am trying to simulate a ship moving forward in head waves.
But when the simulation is done and I try to look at the free surface plot, there are some disturbances.
If you look at the picture you can clearly see alot of small waves, on top of the main waves that I am trying to create.
What can the reason for this be?
Hi stonescar,
my initial guess would be a combination of representation settings and mesh resolution.
Could you send/post a picture showing your mesh resolution in the free surface region? (your resolution in waveheight, wavelength)
Otherwise I d suggest double checking your wave settings. What order wave are you using? frequency wave height and check your initialization!
did you have a look at a plot of the free surface along the domain?!
|All times are GMT -4. The time now is 23:59.


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The three boards - the BCCI which organised the Indian Premier League, the CA which organised the KFC Big Bash Twenty20 and the CSA which conducted the Standard Bank Pro20 - will collaborate in an effort to accelerate the development of cricket globally.
Importantly, this would mark the introduction of a long-awaited football-style Champions League format for cricket, which will pit the best-of-the-best clubs in domestic cricket globally against each other.
The ten-day inaugural tournament will be played from Sept 29 to Oct 8. The eight teams will be representing the finalists in the various domestic leagues, as per regulations of the League.
The teams will play 15 matches in the inaugural Champions Twenty20.The number will move up to 12 teams playing 23 matches from the second year.
The eight teams will be divided into two groups of four teams each. After the preliminary league matches, the top two teams from each group will qualify for the semi-finals and their winners will clash in the grand finale.
The teams will be competing for a prize pool of $6 million in the Champions Twenty20.
At the meeting yesterday, the regulations concerning the league, the business plan, the governance model, the shareholding pattern and the commercial aspects including the tender process relating to the League have been approved.
Lalit Modi, Chairman and Commissioner of the IPL and Vice President BCCI, said, ''The success of the DLF Indian Premier League has undoubtedly captured the imagination of cricket supporters from around the world. The Champions Twenty20 League, which will be played by eight best teams from the world which have earned their place through their domestic competitions, provides a new and exciting pinnacle for club championships across the world."
''It will provide teams with the opportunity to earn the title of World Club Champions in a format which will be eagerly anticipated by spectators and players alike. I keenly look forward to the inaugural season of the Champions Twenty20 League in Sept/Oct 2008,'' he added.
Chief Executive of Cricket Australia, James Sutherland, said, ''This fantastic new competition gives our best state cricketers, and their equivalents in other competitions, a chance to pit their skills against champions from other countries. I am also delighted that the benefits of this global event will flow down to state level and enhance cricket at grass roots level.
''I am certain it will add a whole new dimension to our own KFC Big Bash Twenty20 interstate competition and globally, will help us all in winning new fans for cricket around the world,'' he added.
The Champions League is the first attempt of this type of concept in cricket and is aimed at producing more players capable of competing at the highest level.
The Twenty20 Champions League's mission will be to promote and develop cricket from the grassroots level upwards and promote the spirit of cricket among all the players and participating teams.
Originally, the tournament was to be held in England but BCCI's reservation about the presence of rebel ICL players in English counties and other issues forced the board to change the venue.
The England Cricket Board is now trying to launch its own version of Champions League in Sharjah.
Teams to feature in Champions League T20: IPL finalists Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Superstars (India); Western Australia and Victoria (Australia) and Nashua Titans and Dolphins (South Africa). And a team each from Pakistan and NZ/Lanka were expected to take part in the inaugural edition of the much awaited event.


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Country Christmas Decor Ideas
Embracing the casual comfort of a lived-in home, country Christmas is where unassuming decor inspires effortless design.
I would have loved to have this as a child! I agree with the previous buyer, this may go up in price as I would not even think of cutting up the book! I received mine today and it is simply lovely and not cheap by any means! Great buy!!...
The historic journey of Barack and Michelle Obama to the White House is memorialized in this fun yet fashionable paper doll book featuring the Obamas. For the millions who can't get enough of this remarkable first family, here's a book containing perforated press-out dolls of Barack and Michelle and over 30 mix-and-match coordinated outfits and accessories featuring the Obamas:
--on vacation in Hawaii
--golfing at Camp David
--on election night
--at the extraordinary inauguration and Inaugural Ball
--traveling the world on foreign affairs trip
--rolling up their sleeves for a day of service
plus much more!
Highlighting Baracks uniquely professional, yet down-to-earth wardrobe that reflects his popular persona and Michelle's outstanding taste in fashion, this book is a must for anyone wanting that special "yes we can" kind of day, every day.
|Country of Origin
|United States
I would have loved to have this as a child! I agree with the previous buyer, this may go up in price as I would not even think of cutting up the book! I received mine today and it is simply lovely and not cheap by any means! Great buy!!Read More
i bought this because i think it may go up in value over the years. i plan to pass this on to my great nieces.Read More
Embracing the casual comfort of a lived-in home, country Christmas is where unassuming decor inspires effortless design.
Traditional Christmas decor is inspired by Christmases of days gone by, where trees sparkled with homemade ornaments and the halls were decked with garlands and bows. Soft lighting and festive decor evoke the warmth and comfort of this cheery holiday style.
Embrace the unconventional with a contemporary Christmas theme grounded in glam style. Wintry accents and metallic tones combine in a chic decor scheme that reflects the spirit of the holiday season.
It's that time of year to start planning what you are going to buy for holiday gifts. If you're looking for the perfect gift for the men and women in your life, I've got you covered. I plan on giving some of these favorite stylish and functional items to my friends and family this year, and I can't wait to hear which ones you love, too!
Whether you have a traditional sensibility or you like to infuse fun and whimsy into your design, there are outdoor Christmas decor options for you that will put the spirit of the season in your heart. This list will help you find the items you need to kick off the holidays in style.
If whiskey cocktails and crackling records put you in a celebratory mood, a Mid-Century Modern holiday theme will have you rocking around the Christmas tree.
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The Barack & Michelle Obama Paper Doll & Cut-out Book (Paperback)
Today: $8.04


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Return to site home page
LA2 collection from LightArt
View larger
Handmade in Seattle, the LA2 collection from
consists of six new designs rendered in 3form's Varia Ecoresin. The line includes five pendants based on geometric shapes; a sixth design, Four, is a wall-mounted sconce that can be mounted both vertically and horizontally. The LA2 line comes in six standard colors.


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Die Hard 5
October 14, 2011 by staff
Die Hard 5, Best known of Bruce Willis' John McClane's character will face "its biggest challenge," in Die Hard 5.
The latest installment, which will be titled A Good Day To Die Hard, will focus on the action of man – played by Bruce – and his son are involved in a prison escape.
"From the first die hard in 1988, John McClane has been found in the wrong place at the wrong time, with the skills and attitude to be always the last man standing, making it the number one enemy for terrorists around the world, "20th Century Fox said in a statement.
"Now, McClane faces his greatest challenge, this time on an international stage, when his estranged son, Jack finds himself trapped in the daring escape from prison by a Russian leader rogue, and McClane, father and son must work together to keep each other alive and keep the world safe for democracy. "
Directed by John Moore, Max Payne, the filming of Die Hard 5 is scheduled to begin in Russia in January 2012 for a planned launch by 2013.
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.


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Sandra Boobies – The Sensuous Tutor
Released: July 10, 2013
A true teacher nurtures a student's unique potential! In our big tits porn scenario today, tutor Sandra Boobies guesses that her charge's abilities lay within his pants, not his noggin. Restless young Mugur is not doing well in class, no matter how many after-school sessions she gives him; but she instinctively understands that this "rebel with some sorta cause" will have a lot of opportunities in the future with his ready rod. His natural skills need to be encouraged by the "Big Three"–her mouth, mound, and mams! Therefore she tempts him with her 36DDD/E cleavage so that his prick will be stiff when she extracts it from his zipper and takes h…


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Rectangular case with a soft lined moulded interior, shaped to fit a broad range of viola models up to 17" back length
External studs on the base and side provide stability for the case when set down and protect the fabric of the case itself. Black with blue interior.
We rate all our cases according to the level of use they are suitable for. Please take these into account when selecting a case. We rate this case as suitable for school student and regular amateur use.
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14U pull-out and rotating rack provides access equipment and wiring. Rack can rotate 90° in either direction and can be locked in the rotated position. Extra deep design allows rack to be mounted recessed behind doors and pull out far enough for service.
Industrial & Scientific > Data Center Infrastructure > Racks & Cabling


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Saturday, June 12, 2010
10 heads, 10,000 Ravanans
At a children's birthday party, a group of six to 10 year olds is fiercely debating the Rama-yana. "It's an adventure story. They're climbing rocks and waterfalls," says one. "Ravana and Sita are husband and wife," pipes up another know-it-all.
The pint-sized movie buffs may have got much of it wrong, but teasers for Mani Ratnam's upcoming film 'Ravanan' have rekindled interest in the epic of gods and men, good and evil, flying monkeys and golden chariots.
"The Ramayana is one of the greatest stories ever told, so it continues to inspire people in different ways," says political scientist Swarna Rajagopalan. "Every region has a different version of the Ramayana, the songs and stories are quite different," she says.
It is these variants that make the story richer with every re-telling, since each storyteller brings different ideas to it. The Ramayana has always been deeply political, adapted by different social groups to express their particular world view. In south India, the epic has been loudly debated, debunked and denounced as a story that reinforces the idea of Aryan superiority.
"There is a political history to the different perceptions of Ravana in the north and south, but there is also a cultural and social history," says AR Venkatachalapathy, professor, Madras Institute of Development Studies. "Saivism has been dominant in south India and so Ravana, a devout Shiva follower, is not seen as a complete villain. The Dravidian movement saw a secularisation of society and this perception of Ravana deepened, though in a different way." In the late 1940s, Pulandar Kuzhanthai wrote the 'Ravana Kavyam', seen as the Dravidian version of the Ramayana. "The Congress banned it in 1948. Karunanidhi lifted the ban in the 1970s," he says.
If you look at the epic as literature, demonising Ravana does Rama a disservice as it obliterates the complexities of the characters. "If you slot them as good and evil, you forget that Rama was unaware of his divine origins. So his mistakes seem monumental," says Swarna. In south India, the better-known version of the Ramayana is Kamban's. "It paints Ravana as a tragic villian like Lucifer in Milton's 'Paradise Lost'," says Venkatachalapathy.
Evil Ravana's effigies are merrily set on fire in north India, but down south, he is also seen as a just king, a protector of family, a Shiva devotee, the counter to the Aryan Rama, and enough of a hero for parents to name their children after him.
"Ravanan being a villain is a typical instance of winners getting to write history. Rama comes off worse in the end because he abandoned his wife. But since he won the war, he is seen as the hero," says Mindtree CFO Rostow Ravanan, whose name is a delightful combination of an American political theorist and a mythological villain. "My grandfather was an atheist and a follower of Periyar, who founded the self-respect movement. He named my father Ravanan," he says. "My name is always a talking point. No one ever forgets it."
R Ravanan, associate professor of statistics, Presidency College, agrees. "My father was a Tamil teacher, who loved literature and the epics. He named me Ravanan, after a character of great strength, learning and devotion," says Ravanan, who believes the Ramayana is just a story and too much should not be read into it. "But my name is an unusual one," he says. "People know me instantly as I am the only Ravanan in my field."
Though the makers of Mani Ratnam's film 'Ravanan' deny that it is based on the epic, the director's note on the film's website quite distinctly declares: 'Ten heads... ten minds... One man... Is there a Ram inside Raavan and a Raavan inside each of us?' "It's nothing to do with the Ramayana. It's just a modern day story about people," insists one of the producers.
Swarna says that Ravana could be seen as a contemporary character too. "He was a person whose judgement was clouded by the push and pull of family — he reacted to his sister's insult; he was dependent on his brothers, son and uncle Maricha for help. Maybe you could see it as the push and pull of coalition politics. Maybe there is a Ravana in every politician," she says, laughing.
Venkatachalapathy says he's looking forward to the film. "Mani Ratnam is not the most sensitive of filmmakers but it will be interesting to see how the story will be presented to Hindi and Tamil audiences," he says.
Source : http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/10-heads-10000-Ravanans/articleshow/6042668.cms
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Bangalore: Team India management decided to stick with Rahul Dravid to open innings at SCG despite the later's dismal show in Boxing Day Test and Virender Sehwag, who was in contention, has been left to cool his heels.
Dravid, who made a turtle-esque 21 runs in 180 balls in the first Test, is all set to open the innings with Jaffer after Sehwag was once again overlooked despite skipper Anil Kumble's talks about Delhi swashbuckler making Test return.
Meanwhile, India's pace spearhead Zaheer, who is nursing a heal injury, is giving tourists' management some anxious moments ahead of the start of their crucial tie. Pathan is likely to make the playing XI if Zaheer fails to recover.
Zaheer's niggling landing-heel problem cropped up during practice. He went to a local Sydney hospital for an MRI scan and the team management was awaiting results before taking a final decision. He missed the third and final Test against Pakistan recently with the same injury.
Australia, who lead the four-Test series 1-0, have retained their playing XI.
Squad: Wasim Jaffer, Rahul Dravid, VVS Laxman, Sachin Tendulkar, Sourav Ganguly, Yuvraj Singh, Mahendra Singh Dhoni (wk), Anil Kumble (capt), Harbhajan Singh, Zaheer Khan, RP Singh and Irfan Pathan.


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This build has been archived as of 08:09, 8 February 2009 (EST), for the following reasons:
This build had been designed for the following use:
This build was in the category good before being archived.
This build shows massive interupt ability while adding extra melee support.
Skills and Attributes Edit
<pvxbig> [build prof=Mesmer/Monk FastCasting=8+1 InspirationMagic=10+1+1 SmitingPrayers=12][Psychic Instability][Power Return][Power Drain][Inspired Enchantment][Signet of Humility][Judge's Insight][Strength of Honor][Resurrection Signet][/build] </pvxbig>
Equipment Edit
- High and Low energy set.
- Shields vs all kinds of damage.
Usage Edit
- Start maintaining Strength of Honor on the Frontline. (max 2).
- Interupt Spells with Psychic Instability, Power Return and Power Drain. (You can interupt any non-spell skill with Psychic Instability).
- Remove Enchantments with Inspired Enchantment.
- Use Signet of Humility on foes to disable their elite skill.
- Use Judge's on frontline units to prove additional damage support.
- Resurrection Signet if needed.