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Oyster restoration efforts in both Maryland and Virginia have seen significant gains in the past year, according to reports released today by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) Chesapeake Bay Office and the Chesapeake Bay Program. The 2016 Maryland and Virginia Oyster Restoration Updates outline progress made in the two states to restore oyster reefs in ten Chesapeake Bay tributaries.
For more than a century, oysters have made up one of the region's most valuable commercial fisheries. But harvest pressure, disease and habitat loss have led to a severe drop in oyster populations, leaving the bivalves at less than one percent of their historic levels. As part of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement, Bay Program partners committed to restoring native oyster habitat and populations to ten tributaries by 2025.
Currently, six Bay tributaries have been selected for oyster restoration: three each in Maryland and Virginia. The Oyster Restoration Updates released today describe work accomplished thus far in a process that involves developing a restoration plan, constructing and seeding reefs, and monitoring and evaluating restored reefs.
In Maryland, nearly 800 million oyster seed have been planted in Harris Creek, the Little Choptank and the Tred Avon River. Significant monitoring is underway both at and near the restoration sites, including detailed monitoring to track the sites' health and research to quantify the benefits of restored oyster reefs. The Maryland Oyster Advisory Commission is discussing naming the next two Maryland tributaries to be selected for oyster restoration projects.
In Virginia, work is underway in the Lafayette, Piankatank and Lynnhaven Rivers. In the Lafayette, 70.5 acres of oyster reefs are functioning at a restored level, leaving less than 10 acres remaining to reach the restoration target. In the Piankatank and Lynnhaven, 25 acres and 63 acres of oyster reefs have been constructed, respectively, and experts are working to set specific restoration acreage goals. The Greater Wicomoco and lower York rivers have been preliminarily selected as the next two Virginia tributaries to be targeted for oyster restoration.
"These updates highlight progress made by Chesapeake Bay oyster restoration partners toward the goal of restoring oysters in 10 tributaries by 2025," said Peyton Robertson, Director of the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office and Chair of the Bay Program's Sustainable Fisheries Goal Implementation Team. "The collective impact of efforts by agencies, nonprofits and academic partners in Maryland and Virginia—including science, planning, implementation and monitoring—is significant."
Funding for these oyster restoration projects comes from federal, state and local governments as well as nonprofit partners, all working to support goals of the Chesapeake Bay Program. To track progress toward the work to restore oysters to ten Bay tributaries, visit ChesapeakeProgress.
Oysters from Virginia's Lynnhaven River were once world-renowned. In the 1800s, U.S. presidents and European royalty alike dined on briny bivalves sourced from the Lynnhaven, and rumor holds they were served aboard the Titanic.
While the humble Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) can be found all along the East Coast, the unique combination of water temperature and salinity found in the Lynnhaven—located just miles from where the Chesapeake Bay meets the Atlantic—made its flavor exceptional.
But fame couldn't keep the Lynnhaven oyster safe from decline. Over the years, harvest pressure, loss of habitat and water pollution converged to decimate oyster populations in the waterway: by 1990, oysters in the Lynnhaven were at one percent of their historic levels. In particular, bacteria entering the river from human and animal waste led many parts of the river to be closed to oyster harvesting for decades. In 2006, the entire Lynnhaven was condemned for shellfish harvesting because of high bacteria levels.
Today, however, the story of the Lynnhaven oyster is one of hope. Spurred to action after watching their river suffer decades of decline, local groups like Lynnhaven River NOW worked—and continue to work—to restore the waterway. Bacteria levels have been reduced, thanks to the help of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) implemented for bacteria in the river's shellfish areas and the designation of the region as a No Discharge Zone, meaning boaters are banned from discharging holding tanks into the river.
As of earlier this year, 42 percent of the Lynnhaven had been reopened to oyster harvesting—encouraging news for oyster farmers like Captain Chris Ludford of Ludford Brothers Oyster Company, home of the Pleasure House Oyster.
"People lost confidence in eating oysters," Ludford says. "Now, we're reaping the rewards of cleaner water… people are more confident in the oysters and more confident in the things they're eating."
In the world of oyster aquaculture, Ludford is somewhat of an artisan. Each oyster is "hand-crafted" by Ludford and a team of his family and friends, who complete nearly all the work by hand: selecting, tumbling, grading, cleaning, counting and packaging the oysters for sale to nearby restaurants. The only machinery involved is the boat he uses to reach the oysters, and even that he hopes to switch to an electric motor in the next few years.
Ludford has been actively growing oysters on the Lynnhaven since 2010. He currently manages close to 60 acres of both farmed and wild oysters—including a wild reef he's working to rebuild—all while continuing his job as a fireboat captain for the Virginia Beach Fire Department. He also offers tours of his farms and allows researchers from Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Christopher Newport University and other institutions to study his oysters.
Business is steady, with Pleasure House Oysters on the menu at seven top restaurants in Virginia Beach and Norfolk, but Ludford is committed to keeping his operation small. For him, three groups benefit from his local, small-scale approach: the first two being his family and his customers.
"We built a business on a hand-crafted oyster. Staying small and staying local allows us to do that," Ludford explains. "Our customers, mainly restaurants and the people who patronize those restaurants, they come there for our oysters. They know my family puts a lot of love—about two years of love—into each oyster."
The third beneficiary of Ludford's hand-crafted approach "can't really speak for themselves, and that's the environment," Ludford says. "The river itself likes to see a small operation, I believe, because we have a small footprint on the environment." His work to rebuild wild oyster reefs also provides habitat to other river residents, including oyster toadfish, gobies, blue crabs, sea bass, periwinkles and countless other species.
In recent years, Ludford has watched what he calls an "oyster revolution" take hold. In the past, pollution made even those who had grown up eating oysters wary of consuming them. These days, not only are veteran ostreophiles—or oyster lovers—returning to the scene, but a new generation of oyster-eaters has emerged. Ludford sees it as a way to remind people that what they're eating is a measure of the Lynnhaven's health.
"Oysters are the canary in the coal mine," Ludford says. "If the water is clean enough to eat the oysters from, then it's a great compliment for the people who live and play and recreate on that water."
Not only are healthy oysters a sign of a healthy waterway, the bivalves also help to clean the water even further. As filter feeders, oysters feed by pumping water through their gills, trapping particles of pollution in the process. In a single day, one oyster can filter more than 50 gallons of water. Multiplied by thousands of oyster cages, each holding hundreds of oysters, the result is a water-filtering powerhouse.
"When [people] see an oyster farmer or an oysterman behind their house, they should be happy that they're there," Ludford says. "We're contributing to cleaning the water even further, and it's a great indicator of how clean that water is."
To see more photos, visit the Chesapeake Bay Program's Flickr page.
Images by Leslie Boorhem-Stephenson
Video by Leslie Boorhem-Stephenson and Will Parson
The Elizabeth River Project stored roughly 1,000 cubic yards, or about 30 truckloads, of shucked oyster shell in Chesapeake, Virginia. Now, these shells are part of a 1-acre oyster reef located in the Eastern Branch of the Elizabeth River, in a project funded by the National Fish & Wildlife Foundation.
The Eastern Branch oyster reef was constructed in two layers. On the bottom is a layer of crushed concrete, recycled from nearby buildings that were knocked down, followed by a layer of shells sourced from shucking houses in North Carolina. The Elizabeth River Project completed building its acre-sized oyster reef in June, but has a much larger goal of restoring 10 acres of native oysters by the year 2024. Using a National Oceanic & Atmospheric Association survey of the Eastern Branch, the Elizabeth River Project identified an additional eight acres for restoration and is now working on getting funding to continue their restoration work.
Along with creating the oyster reef, the Elizabeth River Project has also been busy building oyster "castles" along the branch's shoreline. Oyster castles are stacks of concrete blocks that create suitable habitat for first-generation oysters. The height allows for oysters to attach without sinking into the mud, and since oysters prefer to attach to areas that already have oyster shells, the blocks typically contain about 30 percent shell.
The restoration projects in the Eastern Branch would not be possible without local partnerships, says Deputy Director of Restoration Joe Rieger. The Elizabeth River Project partnered with organizations such as Kinder Morgen to store and stockpile oyster shells, the Hampton Roads Sanitation District to turn waste concrete into oyster blocks and the Chesapeake Bay Foundation to eventually seed the area with baby oysters.
Learn more about the important role oysters play in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries and check out photos from the Elizabeth River Project's oyster castle building.
Image by Will Parson
Oysters are simple creatures; they have no centralized nervous system and take in nutrients passively through water filtration. Their impacts on the Chesapeake Bay, however, are multi-faceted and far-reaching. They have cultural, economic and biological significance that goes far beyond their humble station as filter-feeders. The Edgewater, Maryland-based South River Federation and John Flood, one of its founders, understand that restoring the Chesapeake Bay and its tributary, the South River, means oysters need to have a fighting chance and some good real estate.
Throughout an oyster's lifetime—which ranges from several years to twenty years in captivity—it will filter about 50 gallons of water a day, every day. If one oyster lived for four years, it could filter 73 thousand gallons of water, effectively removing contaminants and algae in its pursuit of nutrients. Multiply that by the thousands of oysters on a sanctuary reef and you've got some serious and sustainable filtration power to clean up the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal rivers.
One of the hurdles facing oyster restoration in the Chesapeake Bay is how vulnerable the oysters are in their first year of life. If the baby oysters, or spat, are simply dumped into the water and left they can contract disease, become food or succumb to nutrient pollution. To combat this, John Flood began growing oysters in repurposed paint buckets. The buckets hang suspended in the water off of docks for their first year, then Flood and volunteers load up his small fishing boat or the Federation's Carolina Skiff with adolescent oysters and takes them to a sanctuary reef where harvesting is prohibited.
These "Flood buckets" don't need much until they are ready to be transferred to a sanctuary reef. Growers need to make sure the oysters remain submerged but off the bottom and clean them off every couple of weeks to prevent too much algae from collecting on the cages and restricting circulation. At the end of the year, they take their briny charges to join a sanctuary reef where they will hopefully live out their lives performing their simple function of siphoning nutrients from the current.
On September 23, 2016, volunteers from Price Waterhouse Cooper went through the labor intensive, muddy but important work of emptying the almost 200 buckets hanging from a private marina dock in Flood's waterfront Annapolis neighborhood. Busy dislodging oysters from their first homes with a combination of sledge hammers and vigorous shaking, they were careful to allow the fish, eels and crabs that made their home in the buckets to evacuate. Once free, the oysters were ferried to their new homes on the South River sanctuary reef.
Flood is the "godfather of citizens growing oysters," according to Nancy Merrill, Volunteer and Outreach Program Coordinator for the South River Federation. He's also a salty guy with a lot of intensity. Concerned about poaching on the sanctuary reefs, Flood and Merrill don't like to share the exact location. "If we showed it to you we'd have to kill you," Flood joked with volunteers.
Flood felt a great sense of loss when he saw the dismal state of the South River: dead underwater grass beds, chemical contamination and major oyster reef degradation. This was the river he spent his childhood fishing and swimming in, and that long-standing connection called him to action. "I watched it collapse from nutrient pollution when I was a boy," he said, adding later, "I lost something that was too valuable not to fight to get it back." By helping to found the South River Federation in 2000, he hopes to aid in bringing back underwater grass beds and oysters, thereby improving the river and the Chesapeake Bay for future generations.
There are close to 70 oyster growers working directly with the South River Federation, who partners with Maryland Department of Natural Resource's Marylanders Grow Oysters Program. Through the state's program that works with local groups, 1,500 waterfront property owners on 30 Bay tributaries are growing millions of young oysters for sanctuary reefs.
"The lonely oyster, to me, is the symbol of recovery," Flood said. "And if we would let it work, respect its simple function in the Bay, harvest it sustainably and realize its importance as a keystone species then we can understand the Bay better and be better stewards."
Text, images and captions by Leslie Boorhem-Stephenson
Oyster populations throughout Maryland's portion of the Chesapeake Bay have generally improved over the past decade, according to a report from the state's Department of Natural Resources (DNR). But while oysters within state-designated sanctuaries have continued to thrive in recent years, populations in areas open to harvest have declined.
Three types of oyster management areas are designated in Maryland: active aquaculture, or oyster farming; sanctuaries, where harvesting is not allowed; and Public Shellfish Fishery Areas, or PSFAs, which are open to public harvesting.
Low disease mortality combined with successful reproductive seasons in 2010 and 2012 helped boost populations of the Bay's iconic bivalve in both fished and sanctuary areas. But as oyster biomass in sanctuaries continued to increase through 2014 and 2015, populations in areas open to fishing declined in those years. According to the report, this is likely due to the harvest of those oysters born in 2010 and 2012—inside the sanctuaries, these older oysters were continuing to grow and reproduce.
In 2010, Maryland adopted an updated oyster management plan, expanding the range of sanctuaries and designating areas to remain open to harvest. The study marks the first evaluation in DNR's commitment to review the plan's effectiveness every five years and to propose adjustments if necessary. But the report suggests it's too early to conclude that oyster restoration efforts have been successful.
"Given the complexity of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem, five years has not been long enough to show how oyster populations respond to the absence of harvest," the report states. Still, the report recommends making adjustments to current sanctuary boundaries, while continuing to maintain sanctuaries in 20 to 30 percent of the Maryland portion of the Bay.
The State Oyster Advisory Commission, a 23-member group created to advise DNR on oyster-related matters, is expected to review the report and make recommendations on the state's oyster restoration efforts, including postponed work in the Tred Avon River.
The report is available on the Maryland Department of Natural Resources website.
With its rough shell, gray body and big ecological value, the eastern oyster is one of the most iconic species in the Chesapeake Bay. And for decades, protecting oyster populations has been part of the Chesapeake Bay Program's work. But it was not until the signing of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement that our partners committed to what is known as a tributary-based restoration strategy, setting a goal to restore oyster reefs in ten Maryland and Virginia rivers by 2025 in order to foster the ecological services these reefs provide.
In Maryland, three tributaries—often referred to collectively as the Choptank Complex—have been selected for oyster reef restoration, which will take place where oyster harvest doesn't occur. While the implementation of restoration treatments in Harris Creek was completed this September, work remains in two other waterways that flow into the Choptank. According to a December update from our Sustainable Fisheries Goal Implementation Team, 589 acres of oyster reefs are targeted for restoration in the Little Choptank and Tred Avon rivers. That's an area bigger than the town of Oxford, Maryland, which is located between the two waterways.
But what does restoring reefs to a tributary entail? The process varies by state and even by waterway. While its overarching steps—from selecting a tributary and setting a target to tracking progress and monitoring oyster health—are often the same, a range of factors can impact the specific course of work. The availability of shell and other hard substrates (which are used to build reefs) and the availability of spat (which are planted on reefs) are of particular concern in a region where both resources are used for other work (including aquaculture and shellfish harvest).
Nevertheless, work is underway in the Little Choptank and Tred Avon. In the Little Choptank, which has a restoration target of 442 acres, 114 acres have been built and 35 have been seeded with spat to date. In the Tred Avon, which has a restoration target of 147 acres, 17 have been built and just over two and a half have been seeded to date. The next progress report from the Maryland Oyster Restoration Interagency Workgroup will be released in spring of 2016, and tributary teams in Virginia will continue their work in the Piankatank, Lafayette and Lynnhaven rivers. The two-year work plan detailing the steps that will be taken to restore reefs in Maryland and Virginia will be released in summer.
Update: On January 13, 2016, the Chesapeake Bay Journal reported that the state of Maryland has instituted a "brief pause" in its construction of oyster reefs in the Tred Avon River. Maryland Department of Natural Resources Secretary Mark J. Belton told the newspaper that the pause will be in place until the state completes an internal review of its oyster management policies, due in July.
Last month, the final load of juvenile oysters was cast into Harris Creek's 350-acre oyster reef, marking over two billion oysters planted in the sanctuary. One of the largest oyster restoration projects in the world, the reef in Harris Creek—a tributary of Maryland's Choptank River—is the first of ten Chesapeake Bay tributaries needed to fulfill the oyster restoration goals of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement.
The juvenile oysters, known as spat, all came from the University of Maryland's Horn Point Hatchery. Oyster restoration in Harris Creek has been a collaborative effort between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Army Corps of Engineers, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, the Oyster Recovery Partnership, the Nature Conservancy and other groups, such as the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Scientists will continue to monitor the health of the Harris Creek oysters as they look toward restoring more tributaries of the Chesapeake.
We first documented Harris Creek in 2012, when roughly a quarter of the construction and seeding at Harris Creek was complete.
Text and images by Will Parson
Videos by Will Parson and Steve Droter
Across the Chesapeake Bay, strong waves crash into shorelines, pulling sand into the water and causing beaches to disappear. In recent decades, scientists have turned to living shorelines and stone reefs to slow this process—known as erosion—and create critical habitat for wildlife. On the Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge, one such project has proven successful on both counts.
The 2,285-acre island refuge in Rock Hall, Maryland, is part of the Chesapeake Marshlands National Wildlife Refuge Complex and has long offered feeding and resting grounds to songbirds, shorebirds and waterfowl. When a narrow piece of land at its southern point—the highest priority habitat at the refuge—proved in danger of washing away, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and several other partners came together to slow the disappearance of the shoreline.
In June, USFWS Biologist Dave Sutherland—along with staff from the Maryland Artificial Reef Initiative (MARI) and Coastal Conservation Association Maryland, both of which are partners in this effort— took our team to the refuge to see the living shoreline and underwater reefs that made it a model of climate resiliency. Five years after construction on these projects began, pieces of land do still break off of the island's long peninsula that separates Hail Cove, Hail Creek and the Chester River. But the goal was never to stop erosion: it was to slow it down without using the manmade structures that block critters from reaching the beach.
While shoreline erosion is a natural process, sea-level rise has amplified the impacts of wind and wave energy across the watershed. "I look at sea-level rise as a human-induced issue that's exacerbating what used to be a slower, natural process," said USFWS Fisheries Biologist John Gill. "Not to say it wasn't happening before. Just that its rate has increased. And it's tougher for marshes to keep up."
For Gill, the Hail Cove restoration project achieves "a nice balancing act" in its use of manmade infrastructure and the natural environment. The essential elements? Headland breakwaters, underwater reefs and a living shoreline. "You're working with Mother Nature, but still providing erosion control," Gill said.
Low headland breakwaters placed at each end of Hail Cove maintain the pocket beach, blocking wave energy that might otherwise destroy the shore. A long ribbon reef deemed the "arc of stone" stretches across the cove, offering further protection for the beach and vital habitat for fish, shellfish and invertebrates.
Hooked mussels colonized the ribbon reef soon after it was built, and eastern oysters that were planted there with volunteer help continue to thrive. Algae grow on the granite rocks, small fish live in the reef's tiny crevices and waterfowl find a source of food on their migrations over the Bay. "A lot of species are habitat-starved, and this [arc of stone] provided a lot of what they need," Sutherland said. "It's well-populated with cobies and blennies and worms and macroalgae. It's really a fantastic habitat."
Sutherland and his team soon recognized the benefits of installing infrastructure that allowed access to the beach: three weeks after sand was put down, engineers discovered nine diamondback terrapin nests on the shore, proving just how "habitat-starved" these native turtles were.
The Hail Cove project was completed this spring when 11 patch reefs—using one acre of material in all—were laid down over the two and a half-acre cove. The reefs will expand the underwater habitat that is so important to so many critters but has been lost with the decline of the Bay's native oyster. For Sutherland, these reefs were "the icing on the cake. If the arc of stone is good, the patch reefs are going to be even better," he said.
DNR Fisheries Biologist and MARI Coordinator Erik Zlokovitz echoed Sutherland's satisfaction with the project. "This is a multipurpose shallow-water reef system. It's not just an oyster reef or a fish reef. It's a multipurpose reef for mussels, oysters and other invertebrates, which provide forage for fish and waterfowl," he said.
The reef has also attracted recreational anglers to the area, who fish from kayaks and small boats for white perch and striped bass. Coastal Conservation Association Maryland, whose members are recreational fishermen, was a strong supporter of the Hail Cove project. For Sutherland, the cove's restoration wouldn't have been a success without the "great partners" that made it possible.
"Living shoreline science is really in its infancy, and every project is an experiment," Sutherland said. But bringing partners together to strike a balance between manmade infrastructure and natural processes allowed this project to work, and Hail Cove now serves as "a starting point for reef construction in the Chester River," said Sutherland. Indeed, relief funds for Hurricane Sandy recovery will soon finance further shoreline protection in the same area of the refuge.
"This project is a testament, to a certain extent, that if you build it, they will come," Sutherland said. "We got to Hail Cove in the nick of time."
To view more photos, visit the Chesapeake Bay Program Flickr page.
Images by Alexander Jonesi and Jenna Valente. Captions by Catherine Krikstan.
More than 100,000 tons of fossilized oyster shell will be shipped from the Gulf Coast to Baltimore on CSX Corporation trains, thanks to a new partnership between the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the Jacksonville, Fla., transportation company.
Image courtesy James Butler/Flickr
The shell will be used to restore reefs in Harris Creek and the Little Choptank River, both of which flow into the Choptank on Maryland's Eastern Shore. The waterways are the first two sites of a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-led strategy meant to restore oysters to 20 Chesapeake Bay tributaries by 2025.
From the Field: Rebuilding oyster reefs in Harris Creek, Md. from Chesapeake Bay Program on Vimeo.
The 377-acre Harris Creek site was chosen because its water quality, salinity and protected status point to a high likelihood of restoration success. While granite will be used to build some of Harris Creek's reefs, shell is the best material for oyster larvae to settle on, and a lack of natural shell in the region posed a restoration roadblock. The state met the challenge by spending $6.3 million on shell from Gulf Coast Aggregates.
The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) helped negotiate the state's agreement with CSX, which will transport 50 train cars filled with Gulf Coast shell at cost to Curtis Bay two to three times each month over the next nine months. The shell will then be transported by barge to the Eastern Shore sanctuaries.
"This collaboration is monumental, as it allows us to complete the substrate construction of the largest tributary-focused oyster reef restoration project on the East Coast," said Stephan Abel, executive director of the Oyster Recovery Partnership (ORP), in a media release. ORP will help build the oyster reefs, seed them with baby oysters and monitor planting success. "In all, more shell will be placed in Maryland waters over the next nine months than in the past decade—enough to cover 80 football fields with shell 12 inches deep."
Habitat loss, disease and historic over-harvesting have contributed to a dramatic decline in native oyster populations. But the bivalves play a critical role in the Bay's environment and the region's economy, filtering water and feeding countless area residents.
Restoration partners across Maryland have set a national record: for the first time, an oyster hatchery has produced more than one billion spat in a single season.
Image courtesy U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Norfolk District/Flickr
The Horn Point Laboratory Oyster Hatchery is the largest hatchery on the East Coast and raises spat, or oyster larvae, for use in research, restoration, education and aquaculture. The lab produced 634 million spat last year, but a boost in spat production is a critical step in Maryland's plan to expand oyster populations in the Chesapeake Bay.
Habitat loss, disease and historic over-harvesting have contributed to a dramatic decline in native oyster populations. But the bivalves play a critical role in the Bay's environment and the region's economy, filtering water, forming aquatic reef habitat and feeding countless watershed residents.
According to a media release from the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR), 60 percent of the spat produced this season went into Harris Creek. The Choptank River tributary was declared an oyster sanctuary in 2010, and is the first target of the tributary-based oyster restoration strategy set forth by Chesapeake Bay Program partners. As of this month, half of the reef construction and seed planting in the creek is complete.
The rest of the season's spat went toward local conservation efforts, a citizen oyster growing program and aquaculture businesses and training programs.
An online mapping tool is now available to help resource managers and restoration partners rebuild oyster reefs in the Chesapeake Bay.
Released this month by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Oyster Decision Support Tool displays a range of information relevant to oyster restoration, from historic reef boundaries and maps of the seafloor to the rate of oyster disease, death and spatfall on bars in Maryland waters.
Over the past two centuries, native oyster populations have experienced a dramatic decline as habitat loss, disease and historic over-harvesting have taken their toll. But by filtering water, forming aquatic reefs and feeding countless watershed residents, the bivalves are an essential part of the Bay's environment and economy.
The Chesapeake Bay Executive Order set a goal of restoring oyster reefs to 20 Bay tributaries by 2025, starting with Harris Creek on Maryland's Eastern Shore.
But a new report from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) indicates that reef restoration could be more effective if paired with stronger harvest limits.
"Oysters should be able to come back if we help them out by reducing fishing pressure and improving their habitat," said Michael Wilberg, Associate Professor at the UMCES Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, in a news release.
Dredging and tonging for oysters can damage reefs, pushing oysters onto unsuitable soft-bottom habitat or making them more vulnerable to suffocating sediment. According to the Wilberg-led study, if oysters were allowed to reproduce naturally and fishing were halted, it would take just 50 to 100 years for oyster abundance to reach as high a level as the Bay could support.
Learn more about the oyster population study.
Harris Creek is a tributary of the Choptank River. Located on Maryland's Eastern Shore, the waterway has been thrust into the spotlight as the first target of the oyster restoration goals set forth in the Chesapeake Bay Executive Order: to restore oyster populations in 20 Bay tributaries by 2025. Existing reefs will be studied, bars will be built, larvae will be raised and spat-on-shell will be planted in this federally mandated attempt to boost populations of the native bivalve.
From the Field: Rebuilding oyster reefs in Harris Creek, Md. from Chesapeake Bay Program on Vimeo.
Already home to productive and protected oyster reefs, Harris Creek's good water quality and moderate salinity should allow for high rates of reproduction and low rates of disease—both critical factors in ensuring oyster survival. Indeed, natural "spat set," or the settling of wild oysters on reefs, was observed in Harris Creek last year, and continued natural spat set could reduce the number of hatchery-raised oysters that are needed to complete the restoration plan.
Over the past two centuries, oyster populations across the Bay have experienced a dramatic decline. Habitat loss, disease and historic over-harvesting have taken their toll, and populations now stand at less than one percent of historic levels. But as filters of water and builders of reef habitat, oysters are critical to the health of the Bay.
As of December 2012, reef construction and seeding for more than a quarter of Harris Creek's 377 targeted acres were complete, and partners project that more than half of the construction and seeding for the rest of the creek's reefs will be complete by the fall of 2013.
But it will take a lot for a reef and a tributary to be deemed "restored." Partners will look not just for the presence of oysters, but for the expansion of oyster populations in the years following restoration efforts. The goal is an ambitious one, but many believe the Harris Creek project will serve as a model for the restoration of other tributaries in support of the Executive Order goal.
Video produced by Steve Droter.
On private piers up and down Harris Creek, hundreds of metal cages hang from ropes into blue-green water. Inside each cage are countless little oysters, which will grow here, safe from predators and sediment, during their first nine months of life. Once the spat are large enough, they will be pulled out of their short-term shelters and put onto boats to be replanted on protected reefs just a few short miles away.
The cages—along with the bivalves inside them—are cared for by volunteers with the Tilghman Islanders Grow Oysters (TIGO) program, itself a local branch of the Marylanders Grow Oysters program that is managed by the Phillips Wharf Environmental Center (PWEC).
Now in its second season, TIGO has recruited more than 80 volunteers across the so-called "Bay Hundred" region—from Bozman and Neavitt to Wittman and Tilghman Island—to further oyster restoration efforts in the Chesapeake Bay.
Over the past two centuries, native oyster populations have experienced a dramatic decline, as habitat loss, disease and historic over-harvesting have taken their toll. But programs like this one give hatchery-grown oysters a head start before they are put into the Bay to replenish critical underwater reefs.
The TIGO program has attracted a wide range of restoration enthusiasts, from the middle-school student who has tracked her oysters' growth for a science fair project to the neighbors who have competed against each other to grow more and bigger oysters. The main draw? What little effort is involved.
"Growing oysters is an effort, but it's a really easy effort," said TIGO coordinator Carol McCollough. "And we remove as many of the roadblocks as we possibly can for people who want to do this."
Aside from a promise to keep cages free of excess sand and silt, the program doesn't ask too much of its volunteers—and this has worked to its advantage.
H. Truitt Sunderland is a Wittman resident whose cages are filling up fast after six months of growth. The oysters have gone from mere millimeters to one and two inches in size, and a host of other critters—like grass shrimp and gobies, mud crabs and skillet fish—have taken up residence on this makeshift reef just as they would do on oyster bars in the Bay.
Sunderland's home sits on Cummings Creek, and Sunderland has used the ease of the work involved—"I don't even know how they can call this volunteer work," he laughed—to involve his neighbors. Now, there are 24 cages on 12 piers in this single stretch of water.
Tilghman Island resident and fellow volunteer Steve Bender has had a similar experience. "The process is simple," Bender said, standing on a wooden pier that juts into Blackwalnut Cove. "It's not that demanding. It's not that difficult to care for [the oysters]." And in response to his encouragement, Bender's neighbors have been "glad" to join.
While projects like this one are a small drop in the restoration bucket, McCullough hopes that TIGO can cast a personal light on conservation for all those who are involved.
"We [at PWEC] inform, inspire and involve," McCullough said. "We're all about getting people to commit to [changes in] behaviors. It's very easy to give money. It's less easy to write letters. And I think in many ways, it's even less easy to do something personal—to do restoration work on your own."
But for McCullough, it's possible that the simple act of caring for a cage of oysters could act as a stepping stone toward further involvement in the Bay.
"Oysters have become very exciting to people," McCullough said. "They recognize that every single additional oyster in the Bay is a positive thing. That oyster restoration is something that's bigger than they are."
For more photos, visit the Chesapeake Bay Program Flickr page.
Photos by Multimedia Coordinator Steve Droter.
On a winter morning in Annapolis, Md., a snow-covered truck pulls into the parking lot of a local seafood restaurant. A man in white boots and rubber gloves steps out of the cab, a metal door swings open behind the building and plastic trash cans full of oyster shells are exchanged between restaurant chef and shell recycler.
The trade is just one stop on a route that connects the 130 members of the Shell Recycling Alliance: a group of restaurants, caterers and seafood wholesalers that save their unneeded shells—some in five-gallon buckets, some in 14-gallon trash cans, some in 55-gallon wheeled bins—for pick up by Tommy Price.
Price is a Special Programs Specialist with the Oyster Recovery Partnership, a conservation group that has for two decades worked to restore oysters in the Chesapeake Bay. As a driver in the partnership's fleet of trucks—which are complete with shell recycling logos and oyster-themed license plates—Price has watched the Shell Recycling Alliance grow, generating more than 1,000 tons of shell that are an integral piece in the oyster restoration puzzle.
Sent to an environmental research lab and oyster hatchery on Maryland's Eastern Shore, the shells are cured, power-washed and put to work as settling material for the billions of oyster larvae that are planted to replenish reefs across the Bay.
Over the past two centuries, native oyster populations have experienced a dramatic decline as habitat loss, disease and historic over-harvesting have taken their toll. But by filtering water, forming aquatic reefs and feeding countless watershed residents, the bivalves have become an essential part of the Bay's environment and economy.
It is this link between businesses and the Bay that inspired Boatyard Bar and Grill to sign on to the Shell Recycling Alliance.
"The Bay is a huge economic engine for this area," said restaurant owner Dick Franyo. "Look at what we do here—it's all about fishing, sailing, 'Save the Bay.' It's where we come from. It's what we think about."
Franyo, who sits on the Chesapeake Bay Foundation's board of trustees, has upheld a conservation ethic in much of what his restaurant does. It donates at least one percent of its annual revenue to environmental organizations; it composts all of its food waste; it recycles oyster shells alongside glass, metal and plastic; and it spreads the word about the restoration efforts that still need to be made.
All Shell Recycling Alliance members are given brochures, table tents and "Zagat"-style window stickers to use as tools of engagement, teaching customers and clientele about the importance of saving shell.
"Shell is a vital ingredient in oyster restoration," said Stephan Abel, executive director of the Oyster Recovery Partnership. "It's like flour in bread."
Indeed, it has become such a valuable resource that a bill has been proposed that would give individuals and businesses a $1 tax credit for each bushel of shell recycled.
"The Bay, restoration and oysters—it's all one story," Abel said. And without oyster shells, the story would be incomplete.
Restoration partners in Maryland have put more than 600 million oyster spat into the Chesapeake Bay in the largest targeted restoration effort the watershed has ever seen.
While habitat loss, disease and historic over-harvesting have contributed to a dramatic decline in native oyster populations, the peculiar bivalves that filter water, form aquatic reefs and feed countless watershed residents are critical to the Bay's environment and economy.
According to a report from the Oyster Recovery Partnership, a portion of the 634 million oyster larvae that partners planted in 2012 went into the Upper Bay, where last year an influx of fresh water from spring rains and late-summer storms led to widespread oyster death.
But most of the "spat on shell"—or young oysters "set" onto large oyster shells—went into Harris Creek, a tributary of the Choptank River that was declared an oyster sanctuary in 2010. There, partners hope to restore 360 acres of oyster reef, constructing new reefs and seeding this habitat with spat; close to one-third of this goal has been planted so far.
To fuel restoration efforts, the Horn Point Laboratory Oyster Hatchery produced a record-breaking 880 million spat in 2012, marking the fifth year in a row that spat production has exceeded half a billion. The largest hatchery on the (east coast), the Cambridge, Md., lab produces disease-free oyster larvae for use in research, restoration, education and aquaculture.
Horn Point Laboratory will host an open house on Saturday, October 13.
In 2011, 510 million baby oysters were planted on more than 315 acres in six Chesapeake Bay rivers, according to the Oyster Recovery Partnership.
This is the fourth year the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science's oyster hatchery has produced more than 500 million disease-free baby oysters, called spat. The Oyster Recovery Partnership works with the university, as well as the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other partners to collect and plant oysters in the Bay and its rivers.
The Oyster Recovery Partnership also processed more than 70,000 bushels of oyster shell in 2011. About 10,000 bushels were collected through the Shell Recycling Alliance, a program that takes used oyster shells from more than 100 restaurants, caterers and seafood distributors in the region. Baby oysters must attach themselves to other oysters to grow and survive, so it's critical to collect as many used oyster shells as possible to reuse in oyster reef restoration efforts. The Shell Recycling Alliance now provides 15 percent of the oyster shells Maryland needs for its restoration efforts.
Visit the Oyster Recovery Partnership's website to learn more about the group's oyster restoration efforts.
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the Chesapeake Bay Foundation have placed 306 reef balls planted with millions of baby oysters in the Choptank River near Cooks Point.
Reef balls are three-dimensional structures that provide habitat for oysters and other aquatic organisms, including worms, mussels, striped bass and black sea bass. Reef ball plantings help restore oyster populations and promote thriving aquatic reef communities. Many reef-dependent species have not been seen in the Choptank River for many years.
Visit Maryland DNR's website to learn more about the agency's artificial reef initiative.
There are several different kinds of habitats found in the Bay's watershed. Each one is important to the survival of the watershed's diverse wildlife. Habitats also play important roles in Bay restoration.
Chesapeake Bay habitats include:
Forests covered approximately 95 percent of the Bay's 64,000-square-mile watershed when Europeans arrived in the 17th century. Now, forests only cover about 58 percent of the watershed.
Forests are important because they provide vital habitat for wildlife. Forests also filter pollution, keeping nearby waterways cleaner. Forests act as huge natural sponges that absorb and slowly release excess stormwater runoff, which often contains harmful pollutants. Forests also absorb airborne nitrogen that might otherwise pollute our land and water.
Wetlands are transitional areas between land and water. There are two general categories of wetlands in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: tidal and non-tidal. Tidal wetlands, found along the Bay's shores, are filled with salt or brackish water when the tide rises. Non-tidal wetlands contain fresh water
Just like forests, wetlands act as important buffers, absorbing and slowing the flow of polluted runoff to the Bay and its tributaries.
Streams and rivers not only provide the Chesapeake Bay with its fresh water, they also provide many aquatic species with critical habitat. Fish, invertebrates, amphibians and other wildlife species all depend on the Bay's tributaries for survival.
When the Bay's streams and rivers are in poor health, so is the Bay, and the great array of wildlife it harbors is put in danger.
Shallow waters are the areas of water from the shoreline to about 10 feet deep. Shallow waters are constantly changing with the tides and weather throughout the year. The shallows support plant life, fish, birds and shellfish.
Tidal marshes in the Bay's shallows connect shorelines to forests and wetlands. Marshes and provide food and shelter for the wildlife that lives in the Bay's shallow waters. Freshwater marshes are found in the upper Bay, brackish marshes in the middle Bay and salt marshes in the lower Bay.
Aquatic reefs are solid three-dimensional habitats made up of densely packed oysters. The reefs form when oyster larvae attach to larger oysters at the bottom of the Bay.
Reefs provide habitat and communities for many aquatic species in the Bay, including fish and crabs. The high concentration of oysters in aquatic reefs improve water quality by filtering algae and pollutants from the water.
Open waters are beyond the shoreline and the shallows. Aquatic reefs replace underwater bay grasses, which cannot grow where the sunlight cannot penetrate deep waters. Open water provides vital habitat for pelagic fish, birds and invertebrates.
Each of these habitats are vital to the survival of the Chesapeake Bay's many different species of wildlife. It's important to protect and restore habitats to help promote the overall health of the Bay. So do your part to save the Bay by protecting habitats near you – find out how.
Do you have a question about the Chesapeake Bay? Ask us and we might choose your question for the next Question of the Week! You can also ask us a question via Twitter by sending a reply to @chesbayprogram! Be sure to follow us there for all the latest in Bay news and events
Maryland's Oyster Advisory Commission (OAC) recently submitted an interim report to Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley, the Maryland General Assembly and Maryland Department of Natural Resources Secretary John R. Griffin concerning the state's oyster management program.
Using the latest scientific information available, the OAC reached consensus on a "possible vision for what a healthy oyster population in the Chesapeake Bay might look like and what functions it would serve in the 21st century."
With Bay oyster populations at a mere 1 percent of their historic levels, the OAC offered findings that are intended to provide direction to help restore the Bay's most important bivalve. These findings include:
The OAC is comprised of 21 scientists, watermen, anglers, businessmen, economists, environmental advocates and elected officials. The commission's sole purpose is to advise the state of Maryland on matters relating to oysters and strategies for rebuilding and managing the oyster population in Maryland 's portion of the Bay.


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Discussion in 'Off Topic' started by Peggy, Dec 1, 2010.
This is what I woke up to this morning. I LOVE it!
Nice lantern and tree you got there
You're not the only one
My house is white too
It's white here as well.
It looks beautiful Peggy!
Pics! I want to see pics!
Yes that is my pole lamp in my yard, next to the garage. I have it decorated with garland and lights.
The other one is a neighborhood pic, taken by me from my front yard.
Sorry people
but this is as close as it gets here Don't shoot me
if only!
I haven't seen the snow in years...
Summer just started here in Australia.
Current temperature today 37.2 degree Celsius. Stinking hot!
That's just silly miko, then again .. I don't have to worry about mega spiders, poisinious snakes and scorpions
Hahahah, my wife hates spiders. Almost weekly i have to remove a giant one from the house
You can keep it. I love cold weather too much to live in almost constant heat.
Beautiful Pics Peggy
You are lucky to live in such nice snowy weather!
Yes I am!
Cold here too. I was snowed in and the next day it all vanished.
Some weird weather!
I'm guessing the snow will come back this month or next.
It's something you don't think about every day that some people never see the snow where they live. We really are a bit privileged in that regard. I'll see if I can take some pictures later today.
Since i moved to texas from NY last year i don't feel like it's winter (Dallas was fun tho last year it snowed a little) and now i moved to san antonio there's no sign of Winter LoL
We had a "major storm warning" for last night. Wha'd we get? Maybe an inch, maybe!!
Can't WAIT for more snow!!!
It's snowing right now.
Winter is leaving the UK. Well, it is compared to how it was last week. Now it's much milder and warmer.
We've gotten more snow this past week than I can remember in a long time.Another storm is forcast to start tonight, first rain that will turn to snow, and snow for the next 4-5 days, with highs in the 20's.(farenheit)
I saw snow for the very first time when I was in my late 30's.
Separate names with a comma.

subset: commoncrawl


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Is the adidas' Futurecraft 4D the future of sneakers? by SneakerNews
Nike Free OG '14 – Base Grey – Cool Grey – Team Orange
June 7, 2014 BY Patrick Johnson / 4.31 / 5
The Nike Free line is currently in the midst of celebrating its 10th Anniversary, a fact that crept on us all to surprise us that it's been exactly a decade since the now famous ...Read More
Nike Women's Free OG Breeze – Bright Grape – Laser Crimson
May 22, 2014 BY Brendan Dunne / 3.25 / 5
The Nike Free line oriented itself towards Bill Bowerman's initial aim of barely-there sneakers from the jump. In this tenth anniversary year the shoes have gotten a little bit c...Read More
A Detailed Look at the Nike Free OG Breeze
March 4, 2014 BY Aaron Hope / 5 / 5
In addition to the classic slat-perfed edition, the original Nike Free running shoe will be celebrating its 10th anniversary with a new and more breathable rendition. The Nike Free O...Read More
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March 3, 2014 BY Brendan Dunne / 0 / 5
Nike Huaraches, Air Max 1s, Air Raids, and much more are all on display in this latest preview of what's to come from Nike Sportswear. Around half of the sneakers are re-works of...Read More
Nike WMNS Free OG Breeze
February 27, 2014 BY Brendan Dunne / 5 / 5
The return of the original Nike Free silhouette is one that won't be without some tweaks. Assisting the model in its return to sneaker shelves is the Nike Free OG Breeze, which r...Read More


text:
Bread Dahi Bhale
READY IN: 45mins
Recipe by Charishma_Ramchanda
Found this on Star Plus few days back, its easy to make and tasty. Mom loves it:)
Top Review by vimala mudigonda
Hi, This is easy making recipe. I tried and enjoyed.Thanks alot!! -regds vimala
See Discussion:1 Review
Ingredients Nutrition
- 8 slices bread
- 1 teaspoon chopped cashews
- 1⁄2 teaspoon raisins
- oil (for frying)
- 1 teaspoon ginger
- 1 teaspoon green chili, finely cut
- 1 teaspoon cilantro, finely chopped
- 1⁄2 teaspoon cumin powder
- 500 ml milk (containing salt)
- 500 ml curds, beaten
- red chili powder, for garnishing
- chopped cilantro, , for garnishing
Directions See How It's Made
- Heat oil in a wok.
- In the meantime, remove the edges of the bread slices.
- Now prepare the filling.
- For this, take a dish.
- In it, put cashews, raisins, ginger, green chillies, cilantro and cumin powder.
- Mix well.
- Keep aside.
- Now dip the bread slices in milk.
- Remove and squeeze.
- Add the filling on 4 slices and cover with the remaining four slices.
- Squeeze out excess milk.
- Now fry these 4 sets (8 slices) in oil till they are brown on either side.
- Remove from oil.
- Drain on paper towels.
- Arrange the slices in a serving bowl.
- Pour the beaten curd on the slices.
- Garnish with red chilli powder and cilantro.
- Serve immediately, enjoy!


text:
After an in-place upgrade to Windows 10 you may notice that the Macrium Reflect Windows Explorer context menus and/or shell extensions are missing. For more information on Windows Explorer integration please see here: Windows Explorer shell integration
To resolve this issue please follow the steps below:
- Start an elevated command prompt. See Running an elevated command prompt for more information.
Type the following command:Please replace "C:\Program Files\Macrium\Reflect' with the correct path if installed to a different folder.
- Restart your PC
The Macrium Reflect Shell extensions will now be available.,


text:
The recession goes deeper in USA and Europe
European & US sessions forecast levels: 1.3090/1.3390
Trend Sessions: European: Neutral
US: Neutral/Upward
Market Focus: 8:30 AM CPI, Core CPI, Empire Manufacturing, 9:15 AM Capacity Utilization, Industrial Production.
Daily Strategy: The latest news for the US economy show that the recession is still not reached the bottom. The optimism is at low level. The recession in the Euro Zone go deeper. It is widely expecting new interest rates cut by the European Central Bank with at least 25 bps to 50 bps. The dollar will continue slowly rising against the euro. The correction by Easter Monday in Europe was melt on Tuesday but still is early to see the dollar to break below the key EUR/USD support at 1.3090. The trading strategy today is to trade technically into both directions.


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This Festool TF48 special saw blade (496308) is an extremely powerful 160mm TCT blade which features 48 trapezoidal teeth for heavy-duty cutting with neat results. The blade is compatible with the TS 55, ATF 55 and AP 55 machines; and is ideal for cutting laminate flooring and mineral materials.


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In case you have ever come upon any car trouble, and chances are you have, you realize how frustrating it might be getting the car repaired. It's not necessarily readily accessible the right mechanic. This post will show you how to find a reliable mechanic.
Regularly check out your radiator. Enable the car operate a while, shut off the engine after which pop the hood. Stay away from opening the radiator as soon as your car is on. If you need to increase the amount of fluid, work with a dipstick to discover the fluid level inside your mix and radiator some coolant with water.
Monitor your radiator. Let your car to run just for a matter of minutes, then shut off the engine, and open up the hood. Whilst the car is just not running, though then examine the coolant level. You may not want the coolant to have hot it really is dangerous. Utilize a dipstick to gauge just how much radiator fluid you might have, keeping in mind that many types need to be diluted with water.
If they have experience with taking care of the specific kind of car you may have, ask a potential mechanic. This should actually be a good indicator they have some idea of what must be done to get your car back into shape should they say they have.
When you have problems with your automobile, you possibly will not need to go to the mechanic. Many situations could be self-remedied. You can check out the problem online in order to find out a little more about it. You are able to repair the issue yourself, and spend less too, if it's easy.
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If you notice your headlights tend not to shine as brightly as they utilized to, check to make sure they are clean. Different substances through the road will accumulate about the glass in the headlights. This will block a part of the light. Wash them with a decent glass cleaner and discover and also you need to.
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Look to your friends for their opinions on reputable car mechanics. All your family members may give you some recommendations to simplify your quest. Do your personal research, although don't rely entirely about what your friends explain to you. No less than seek out online reviews.
Take off your keychains through your car secrets to minimize the weight on the ignition. The ignition of your own car is not really intended to hold much weight. Although these keychains may well not feel heavy for you, they are going to in your car. Excessive weight on your keychain can cause your step to stick.
The labor rate ought to be posted with your mechanic shop. Ask if it is not. Also ask the price of a repair, including parts. Read every one of the small print on any contract you sign, and request strategies to questions you may have. This provides you with a better concept of what you will be billed. Check to see the estimated times during the repair that you are having done. You will probably find that a repair which is deemed minor will take all day long.
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Simple And Fast Recommendations On Auto Repair
In case you have ever come upon any car trouble, and chances are you have, you realize how frustrating it might be getting the car repaired. It's not necessarily readily accessible the right mechanic. This post will show you how to find a reliable mechanic.


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Data from: A modelling framework to assess the effect of pressures on river abiotic habitat conditions and biota
Date Published: July 9, 2015
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dq87d
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His palace, on fash Passeig de Gracia, was fit for a queen, but alas, no room at the inn - our mutual friends John, Brodie and David had easyJetted in and easySettled into the spare rooms, reclining smugly in a haze of Marlboro Lights and Bolly.
We took an insider tip and booked a flat with Barcelona Living. Set up by a Brit, Greg Davies, it promised "the experience of living in this wonderful city even if the stay were to be for only one night".
Refreshingly it was not on the Ramblas, but smack bang in the Born, Barcelona's medieval mercantile core, a web of ancient alleys spun around the tawny gothic Basilica de Santa Maria del Mar. Walkable to the Picasso Museum, it was, crucially, a cheap cab to Carlos's when we needed Bollycoddling.
Low-rent, sailor-sleazy until the 1992 Olympics, the Born thereafter gained a cash 'n' fashion injection from sideburned urbanites in stark specs, chasing cheap space. Now as hyped as Hoxton - designer delis, fashion fish - it is still shadily seductive.
In Carrer Flassaders 41 our apartment topped the property, up on the fifth: begonias on withered balconies, laundry lazily a-billow, flat roofs bristling with aerials. A 15-minute hike from the bowling blue Med at Barceloneta, it could have been Tunis, Athens, a smart part of Alexandria, a breeze through windows, and strange Catalan cries drifting up from the street.
Self-catering at its sexiest: below steep beams a giant divider, Japanese-style, slid to split bedroom from living space, where a wide, low couch unfolded to sleep two more.
Hand-painted window screens masked fingering morning light, decor was Scanditerranean: Playschool-retro raspberry walls, distressed-pine storage spaces washed white, a teak-floored shower with monsoon downpour, and candy-red chairs on Sputnik legs. In the steely kitchen we could have cooked for Catalunya, but do you think these hands were in Barcelona to do dishes?
We melted immediately into the city, off along leafy Passeig del Born for supermarket basics - gin, tonica, limones - adoring the shabby beauty of the neighbourhood. It might have been built by set designers, with the pungent curiosity shops full of Catalan irresistibles: cheeses, sausages, jams, pastries.
El Xampanyet proved the definitive local tapas bar, bright-tiled and chattery. Glass-fronted grottoes peddled a wild line in design: the Warhol-worthy screenprint of Joan Collins with gluedon jewels in Rec di8 would be gracing our London flat as I write, had it not been as wide as an Airbus.
We itched to show off our new pad to the uptowners, so a soirette ensued. Over came Carlos, John, Brodie, David, clutching an arsenal of cava. At 2am, with no shop open for boozeness, we headed to subterranean Salvation. Like Hell, only hotter, with V&Ts the size of swing bins. Sometime next day, sore heads were soothed by the perfect paella - herby, carby, caramelised at the edges - at family affair Can Costa, on Passeig Joan de Borbo in Barceloneta.
Loved by locals, it was Carlos's call - he had been lunching with them, why, since his student days. All agreed that, for an establishment of that many years, it was very well kept, with staff seemingly on castors, glinting zinc terrace tables and tablecloths aflap in the breeze off the beach.
Too lovely to leave. The last afternoon, fired with design desire, in an interiors store on Carrer Flassaders the two of us picked up some good-looking pouffes from Valencia - three black, one white - stackable, like giant Pontefract cakes. Wrestled into the Iberia overhead lockers, they now fit in with our own furnishing scheme like a dream. Barcelona, London: home from home.
Way to go
Barcelona Living (00 34 932 721 411; www.barcelonaliving.com); apartments from e187 (£140) a night, four sharing, e134 (£100) two.
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text:
Four Weeks Later:
"You can't keep fighting it," Wambaugh said bluntly. "You signed the agreement."
Max gulped, as she gripped Kenny's hand under the table. We didn't think, how can this be happening? We can't send them back there. "He was supposed to be in jail for 25 years."
"He helped kill our kid," Kenny stated, squeezing her hand back. "I don't care what we signed, what technicality his lawyers thought up, Samantha and Nate are not going back to him. If you can't stop it, we'll find a lawyer who can."
"Another lawyer will tell you the same thing. Our injunction was rejected. You two have 24 hours to turn them over to their father."
"That isn't going to happen," Kenny said, as he stood. "Honey, lets go."
Numb, she thought, not letting go of his hand. Calm…This isn't happening. He's a murderer and…Caro wouldn't want this. "Okay."
"Max, we'll stop it," he promised, as they walked out to the jeep. "I promise you."
She nodded again, not knowing what to say. Michael released…technicality. We should of…how can they go back there? Infamous, in my next life I'm never leaving the house again. "I…What if we can't?"
"Where is the woman I married? The one that never gives up?"
She looked up at him, as he opened the car door for her. "I'm numb. Everything…it's been so hard."
"You want to give up? You want to send them back to a murderer? That is what is going to happen if we give up."
"Of course not."
"Then what?"
"I'm scared, okay? It isn't what Caro would want for them and…they're ours. I know it's crazy, our life is nuts, but they're ours."
"We'll stop it."
"They never told me he killed my cousin," Samantha said quietly. "How could Aunt Maxie not tell me? Nate isn't old enough, but…she doesn't need to protect me."
"She didn't want you to hate him," Zach tried. "He didn't kill Josh, he was…I guess involved."
"We're not going back, Zach. I'm going to take Nate and runaway if we can't stay."
"You can't."
"You have to help us."
"We have to tell them," Max said, as they sat and watched Emily chase Nate around the yard with her cast, as Lindsay laughed.
"They aren't going with him," Kenny said, watching as she rubbed her flat stomach gently. "Max, it isn't going to happen."
"We're out of motions, injunctions. What do you want to do? Kidnap them, runaway, fake our deaths? I hate this," she trailed off. "I don't…I can't…He's every bit as culpable as my Dad in this. A technicality. God."
He wrapped his arm around her shoulders, and pulled her closer. "I'd rather do any of that, then send them back to a murderer."
Protective, she thought, take them and run? That isn't… "I know."
"You're not giving up."
She snuggled in closer to him. "We can't disappear, we can't ignore the court order…think about Lindsay and Emily. What would happen to them if…How do we do this?"
"You just want to let them go?"
"No, it's…I think about Caro and … Kenny, we…I never wanted them to know what their family did, I wanted to give them that. This isn't fair."
He laid his free hand on her flat stomach. Our baby, he thought, she's given me everything I've always wanted. The love of my life. "I know."
She gulped back her tears. "Kenny, I…what is he going to do to them?"
"We're not giving up."
She pressed her lips to his. Out of options. Be here for him, it's going to hurt, I need him in this. "Okay."
He scooped her closer. "Honey…we need…we need to tell them."
She nodded, watching the three in the yard together. "When Samantha gets home."
"Mom?" Zach said, walking hesitantly into the kitchen.
Jill looked up from where she was cooking dinner. "Did Samantha leave?"
He nodded, knowing she was a touchy subject. "Yeah. Is she going to have to go back to her Dad? She doesn't want to and…Kenny and Max want to keep them. I'm kind of scared to go back over there."
"I think you are the least of Kenny's worries right now," Jill sighed. "I don't know. They won't give up on it."
"Why can you two make out and I get grounded?" Samantha pouted, as she sunk on the couch. "It isn't fair."
"Nothing about this is fair," Max said quietly, as she looked at her niece and nephew on the couch. Caro, I'm sorry, I'm so sorry. I can't fix this one. "Guys, we…I can't do this."
Kenny squeezed her hand tighter. We're not…Do it so she doesn't have to. "We met with Wambaugh again today."
"Are we going back to our Dad?" Samantha asked bluntly. "Is that what you're trying to say? I don't want to…Why didn't you tell us what he really did? He's a killer!"
"He's still your Dad," Max offered lamely. Just like that ass in jail is still mine. "The courts threw his conviction out, so legally it never happened and…I know, okay?"
"I don't want to go," Nate blurted out, wiping away his tears. "I want to stay here! With you guys, my friends, soccer and…Dad was mean!"
"He's a murderer," Samantha spat. "How can you send us back! We told the social worker everything! You just don't want us! You want your own kids, you left Aunt Maxie!"
Max gulped, wiping away a few tears of her own. "I know I did. We want you guys, I love you like you're ours. Emily and Lindsay…they love you too. This isn't fair, we didn't…there isn't anything else we can do."
"I hate you!" Samantha yelled, leaping up. "You don't love us! It's your fault our Mom died! I hate you! I wish Dad killed you too!"
"Samantha, stop," Nate sobbed, flinging himself at Max and clinging to her. "Don't make us leave!"
Max hugged him back, gulping back her tears. Not about me, it's about them…this isn't fair. All I want to do it throw myself in Kenny's arms and sob. Not this time, not again. "I don't want you to go."
Kenny watched his stricken and pregnant wife for a long moment. Strong, he thought, I have to be strong for her too.
Samantha sunk back on the couch and began to cry. "I don't want to go either."
"It isn't fair!" Zach cried, the next day. "How can they just take her away!"
"I know it isn't fair," Jimmy stated. "You know how hard…I'm sorry, Zach."
"I love her!"
"I don't want to go back," Nate sobbed, as he crawled into his sister's bed. "I want to stay with Aunt Maxie and Uncle Kenny."
"We can't stay," Samantha whispered. "They'll take us away."
"Dad really killed Josh? Did he kill Mom too?"
"Grandpa did. Dad helped. We can't go back there. Nate, listen to me. Zach and I have a plan."
"Honey?" Kenny said softly, wrapping his arms around her, as she stood in Emily's bedroom door. "You can see that cast in the dark."
She leaned back into him. "She kept telling me how you saved her when she broke it."
He pressed his lips to the top of her head, and inhaled the honey scent of her shampoo. "She was brave."
"I should have been her for it."
He squeezed her tighter. "You're here now. That's all that matters. Max, Honey, we can do this. We can get through this."
"Can they?"
"I'm not giving up."
Max gulped, turning to wrap her arms around him too. "Me either."
"We'll find a way."
"Jimmy!" Jill practically screamed, rereading the note on the kitchen table. "Jimmy!"
"Jill? What is it?" he yawned.
"Read this! Zach! He ran away…with Samantha and Nate!"
"This should be over," Max murmured, as she vomited. Sitting back on the floor, she laid her hand on her stomach. I love you already, she thought, and I promise that we'll give you a wonderful life. "You ready to cut this part out?"
"You okay?" Kenny asked, rapping on the door, as the doorbell rang. "Honey?"
"Give me a minute," she called, leaning back against the toilet. "I'm fine. Let me hop in the shower, and stuff."
Kenny glanced at the closed doors, as he jogged downstairs. Let them rest, it's going to be a long few days. Max…she'll be okay. Wrenching it open. "Hi."
"Don't hi me," Jimmy stated, as he led Jill into the house. "What the hell is going on?"
"What?" Kenny asked. "What's going on is Max is puking her guts out, Emily keeps conking people on the head with her cast, and we're out of options and injunctions and have less then 12 hours to turn them over. So what do you want to know?
"They're here?" Jimmy said, pushing past him. "You're sure."
"We're letting them sleep in," Kenny trailed off. "What…what's going on?"
"What's going on? What's going on?" Jimmy started. "Go upstairs! They ran off! Samantha, Nate, and Zach went with them!"
Kenny stepped back, feeling his stomach drop to his knees. "What?"
"My son ran off with your niece and nephew!"
"What?" he repeated, hearing Max puttering around upstairs. "This is…what?"
"Read it," Jimmy said, handing him the note. "Zach cleaned out our checking account."
Son of a bitch, Kenny thought, they ran.
Mom and Dad.
Don't be mad, but I had to do this. I love Samantha and I don't want to be without her. We're not going to let her Dad take her away. Don't worry, I'll take care of both of them. We'll be okay. I love you.
"They won't know what to think," Zach promised, as they rode the train. "They won't find any of us."
Samantha snuggled up closer to him and kissed his cheek. "Thank you for this."
"Where are we going?" Nate asked, as he looked at the scenery that was passing by. "What about…everyone will try to find us."
"We won't let them."
"This is," Max stammered. "What?"
Kenny handed her the note. "Read it."
Aunt Maxie and Uncle Kenny.
We're not going back to Dad. We know what he did, and we know you did everything you could to keep us. We'll be okay, don't be mad. I can take care of Nate, and you can go back to your lives. Thank you for giving us a home.
"This isn't happening," Max said, looking up at her husband. "How could…We have to find them."
"We will," he promised, wrapping his arms around her and holding her close.
Max looked over at her daughters, engrossed in their coloring. "How could they…We should of thought…We have to find them."
"Both of you, we're going to the station," Jimmy said, watching them. "I'm calling in every favor I have. Jill, you should go home in case Zach comes to his senses. I'm sick of this with you, Max. Get your ass in gear and get to work. Whatever your issues are, get over them. You both have a job to do."
Max stepped back. "What?"
"My son ran off with your niece! You are damn well going to help find them!"
Max gulped, feeling Kenny tense up next to her. "Let me a call sitter."


text:
The Yeti Bottle Key is the ultimate wrench for opening your frosty beverage. Designed as a Class 2 Lever, a mechanical advantage is achieved by applying force about the fulcrum for easy cap removal. Stamped from 1/8" stainless steel, this bottle opener is ready for any bottle you can throw at it.
Technical Information
Material: 1/8" Stainless Steel
Weight: 1.2 oz
Length: 3.5"
Width: 1.5"


text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
How can I add a multiple selection (not checkbox) to the configurable list widget?Asked by mecglobal on April 15, 2016 at 04:23 AM
Hi, how can I add a multiple selection like this widget http://widgets.jotform.com/widget/multiple_selection ? Because I have a lot of items and it's too long and unclear with the checkbox. Thank you in advance for your answer.
This is a re-post of a comment on How to Set Up the Configurable List Widget
JotForm Support
In the Form Builder, go to the Widgets section. Please type "Multiple" in the search box. After that, you just need to drag or click the widget to the work space.
Related guide: How-to-Add-a-Widget-to-your-Form
Hope that helps. Thank you.
Thank you, I got it. But can I include this widget in another widget (configurable list) ? Indeed, I have too many items to use a checkbox. I would like to use this multiple selection in the table that I've created with the configurable list.
JotForm Support
Unfortunately, it is not possible to add a widget to Configurable List widget. You can only use existing check box feature in the Configurable List widget. Here's a guide: How-to-Set-Up-the-Configurable-List-Widget
Thank you for understanding.
Thank you very much for your help and your quick answer !


text:
Education Management Corporation to Webcast Investor Presentation
Sep 04, 2012, 13:47 ET from Education Management Corporation
PITTSBURGH, Sept. 4, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Education Management Corporation (NASDAQ: EDMC), a leading provider of post-secondary education, announced today that Todd S. Nelson, Chairman, Edward H. West, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Randall J. Killeen, Acting Chief Financial Officer, are scheduled to participate in the BMO Capital Markets 12th Annual Back to School Education Conference in New York, NY on Thursday, September 13, 2012 at 11:15 a.m. Eastern Time.
Interested parties can access a live webcast of the presentation on the Investor Relations section of the Education Management website (www.edmc.edu). An archive of the webcast and a copy of the presentation will also be available on the Investor Relations section of the Company's website (www.edmc.edu).
About Education Management
Education Management (www.edmc.edu), with approximately 151,200 students as of October 2011, is among the largest providers of post-secondary education in North America, based on student enrollment and revenue, with a total of 109 locations in 32 U.S. states and Canada. We offer academic programs to our students through campus-based and online instruction, or through a combination of both. We are committed to offering quality academic programs and continuously strive to improve the learning experience for our students. Our educational institutions offer students the opportunity to earn undergraduate and graduate degrees and certain specialized non-degree diplomas in a broad range of disciplines, including design, media arts, health sciences, psychology and behavioral sciences, culinary, fashion, business, education, legal and information technology.
This press release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements typically contain words such as "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "intends" or similar words indicating that future outcomes are not known with certainty and are subject to risk factors that could cause these outcomes to differ significantly from those projected. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements related to the Company's future operating and financial performance, and include statements regarding expected enrollment, revenue, expense levels, capital expenditures and earnings. Any such forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results encompassed within the forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to: changes in the overall U.S. or global economy; changes in enrollment or student mix; our ability to maintain eligibility to participate in Title IV programs; increased or unanticipated legal and regulatory costs; changes in accreditation standards; the implementation of new operating procedures for our fully online programs; government and regulatory changes including revised interpretations of regulatory requirements that affect the postsecondary education industry and new regulations adopted by the U.S. Department of Education on October 29, 2010 and June 13, 2011; new programs and operational changes implemented in response to the "gainful employment" financial metrics; and other factors discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those identified in the "Risk Factors" section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Past results of Education Management are not necessarily indicative of its future results. Education Management does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
COMPANY CONTACTS: John Iannone Director of Investor Relations (412) 995-7727
SOURCE Education Management Corporation


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Disney Live
Kids will adore this special show that brings together lovable Disney characters and the three classic fairytales of Cinderella, Beauty and the Beast, and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Presented by the company behind Disney on Ice, Three Classic Fairy Tales will see Mickey, Minnie, Donald and Goofy bring these timeless stories to life. Kids and adults alike will enjoy this colourful theatrical experience, which features stunning costumes, spellbinding storytelling, impressive special effects and infectious music. Follow princes, princesses, heroes and villains as they weave their way through tales of love, trust and magic. Catch the light rail to Darling Harbour or walk from Central or Town Hall stations. January 3 and 4, Qantas Credit Union Arena, Darling Harbour, A reserve $42.50, family $155, B reserve $29.50, family $112, disneylive.com.au.
Movies by the Boulevard
Budding film critics can get their movie fix at Sydney Olympic Park this summer at the 2015 Movies by the Boulevard program. Showing a selection of recent blockbusters from January 3 to January 17, plus a short film night on January 18, kids can bring a blanket and enjoy films under the stars. This weekend, the free program kicks off with animation favourite How To Train Your Dragon 2 showing on Saturday night and the sci-fi adventure X-Men: Days of Future Past on Sunday. Movies will commence at 8.30pm each night, and there will be food and drinks on sale at Cathy Freeman Park. On select evenings there will even be kids' activities from 5pm. Parking is available on-site. Alternatively, visitors can catch a train to Sydney Olympic Park from Central or to Lidcombe and jump on the Olympic Sprint train. Until January 18, various dates and times, venue opens from 6pm and movie from 8.30pm, free, sydneyolympicpark.com.au.
Pizza-making Class
For kids who love helping in the kitchen and have a birthday coming up, Italian restaurant Criniti's is offering kids' pizza-making classes. Be impressed as your kids get elbow deep in flour and dough and produce delicious mini pizzas. The class includes themed invitations, gelato and a gift for each child, lolly bags, drinks, pizza, balloons and an optional cake if the occasion calls for it. The classes are 1½ hours long and available at the restaurant's Castle Hill, Darling Harbour, Manly and Woolloomoolloo stores. Suitable for children aged three to 15. Two weeks' notice is required for a booking. Bookings required, various locations $29 per child, 1300 274 648, crinitis.com.au.
Taking It All Away
This striking exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art prompts viewers to question their relationships with time, their places in the universe and the process of erasure and abstraction. The exhibition, which combines works recently acquired by the MCA with those drawn from the MCA collection, includes work from seven Australian artists. Features include Christian Capurro's erased magazine, for which he asked 260 people to each erase a page and then write how long it took them and the amount they are usually paid for their time. Stuart Ringholt's enormous clock is another feature of the exhibition, drawing viewers to ponder their personal interactions with time. The exhibition also compels visitors to consider the importance of minimalism, conceptual art and the social impact of art. Catch a train or bus to Circular Quay and walk to the Museum of Contemporary Art. Until February 22 2015, Mon-Wed and Fri-Sun 10am-5pm, Thurs 10am-9pm, Level 1, The Museum of Contemporary Art, 140 George Street, The Rocks, free, 9245 2400, mca.com.au.
Summer Punch by Jane Gillings
Swing by The Galeries during your post-Christmas shopping or in your lunch break and have a gander at Summer Punch, a 3D mural created by Sydney artist Jane Gillings. The final instalment for the public art space in 2014, Gillings' interesting, multicoloured creation is a cheerful addition to The Galeries. Known for her work with 'thingamabobs' and 'whatchamacallits', Gillings' Summer Punch incorporates a multitude of plastic objects sorted by colour and presented on two boards, which are connected by a tangled array of coloured straws. With an unmistakeable summer vibe, the work calls on viewers to reflect on things we might take for granted during the festive season. Take five minutes out of your day and check it out. Daily until January 7, Lane Four, The Galeries, free, thegaleries.com.
Justice and Police Museum
Step into Sydney's dark side at the Justice and Police museum at Circular Quay, a fascinating resource that tells the stories of crime and punishment through the city's history. Wander through the 1890s holding cells, charge room and courts, and take in the enormous archive of crime scene photography and mug shots to get a sense of how justice through the past few centuries has worked. The museum is also home to a number of temporary exhibitions. The Notorious Criminals display tells the stories of nine of Sydney's most infamous criminals, including bushrangers, gangsters and serial killers. Learn about grandmother Caroline Grills who laced treats with rat poison, "mad dentist" murderer Henry Louis Bertrand and other notorious crime identities. Visitors will also be able to peruse Breakers: The Dying Art of Safe Breaking, which showcases criminals famous for their break and enter skills. The exhibition includes tales of successful breaking, such as Richard Reynolds, who was assisted in his illegal activity by his children, and those who were less fortunate in their criminal endeavours, such as Kong Lee, who managed to awaken the neighbourhood with his loud explosives before he was arrested in the bank he was trying to rob. Visitors can learn about the tools of the breaking trade and see audio-visual displays and crime scene images. Open weekends only, 10am-5pm, corner Albert and Phillip streets, Circular Quay, Sydney, adult $10, child/concession $5, family $20, 9252 1144, sydneylivingmuseums.com.au.
Ice Skating in The Hills
Sick of the heat? Pretend you're in the northern hemisphere and head out to the Sydney Ice Arena in Baulkham Hills. There's plenty of public skating time on offer at this Olympic sized arena. Regardless of whether you're a pro-skater carving it up with twists and turns or getting on the ice for the first time and promptly falling over, you are sure to have fun. Lessons are on offer for those who don't want to brave the ice on their own, with classes available for skaters of all ages. On Friday and Saturday nights you can enjoy Disco on Ice, a casual disco skate session accompanied by great music and coloured lights. Go with friends or take the kids for a fun and active day out. There's also a cafe. Skate hire included in entry fee. Parking is available on site, or catch a bus along Norwest Boulevard and disembark near Norwest Lake. Open various times, Sydney Ice Arena, 11 Solent Circuit, Baulkham Hills, adult $20, child $16, toddler $13, sydneyicearena.com.au.
Jazz at the White Horse Hotel
Kick back on Sunday afternoon and enjoy some jazz at the White Horse Hotel in Surry Hills. There's nothing like a spot of live music to get you in a good mood, and this weekly event will put you in true relaxation mode before you start the work week ahead. It's hosted by musician Lionel Cole, who has toured with Mariah Carey, played on television with Robert Downey Jr's band and appeared on Channel 9's The Voice. Catch a train to Central and walk a short distance to the White Horse Hotel. Sundays, 4pm-7pm, The White Horse Hotel, 381 Crown Street, Surry Hills, free, 0409 100 339, thewhitehorse.com.au.
Wollongong Twilight Markets
The Wollongong Twilight Markets are a great place to enjoy a wide variety of cuisines and have a relaxing night at the end of the working week. Held on the first Friday of each month until March, the markets boast good food, nice music and a delightful view of the sunset. There are Italian pizzas, falafel rolls, curries, Dutch pancakes, gozleme and more on the menu. Grab some friends and head down to Flagstaff Hill Park for an outdoor dinner with a view. To get there, take the free Wollongong shuttle bus and disembark near the junction of Harbour Street and Robertson Street. January 2, 5.30pm-8.30pm, Flagstaff Hill Park, Wollongong, free, wollongong.nsw.gov.au.
Battle for the beach
Witness the ultimate battle for sand and surf supremacy at Newcastle Beach this weekend, as rounds 5 and 6 of the Nutri-Grain Ironman and Ironwoman championships take place. Some of the fittest people in Australia will run along soft sand, do an ocean swim, paddle a large board and expertly manoeuvre a surf ski through the waves for the titles. Depending on the type of competition, contenders may have to go through each stage up to four times. Crowds will enjoy the incredible athleticism, impressive stamina and gritted determination of all competitors in this highly anticipated and very exciting race. January 3-4, 8am-5pm, Newcastle Beach, Newcastle, free to watch, nutrigrainironman.com.au.
Heddon-Greta Drive-in cinema
Enjoy a movie under the stars at the Heddon Greta Drive-in cinema in the Hunter Valley. They're hosting nightly screenings this summer of several big releases, including Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies. Pick a film and turn up to watch it from the comfort of your vehicle. All you need is a working FM radio (either car or portable, if you'd like to sit outside), some snacks, and cash to pay at the entrance, as no card facilities are available upon entry. And remember, as the Heddon Greta Drive-in folk cheekily advise on their fabulous website: if you don't like the movie, slash the seats! Nightly during school holidays, various times, Heddon-Greta Drive-in, off Heddon Street, Heddon Greta, $30 per vehicle per movie, attend two consecutive sessions for $50 or three for $70, 4936 2800, drive-in.com.au.


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how to make glycerol stocks - download fast -=7NGx=-
how to make glycerol stocks.zip - download 2015
Name: how to make glycerol stocks.zip
Release: 2015
Type: WinZip
Total Downloads: 14196
License model: Shareware
Language: English
Last updated on: 01/28/2015 16:46:12
Supported OS: Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP
Keys:01/28/2015 16:46:12
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To Build a Fire is regarded by many as an American classic, one of London's most highly regarded works. We never know the name of the protagonist as he makes his way towards his destination, trekking across the Yukon at 70° below zero. Nature is unforgiving to those who challenge her.
Public Domain (P)2011 audio books by Mike Vendetti
"Great Classic, Great Narrator"
I like Mike Vendetti, for the material that suits his voice.
Londons To Build A Fire. Classic. Short that is enough out of me.
"Poor narration ruins a great short story."
Jack London is magnificent and I've read this story before, long years ago. However the narrator reads too fast and oddly emphasizes certain words. The rhythm was too jarring and ruined the story for me.
buy guy
"Terrible Performance"
This sounded like my GPS was reading the story to me. Wish I could get my money back.
Try purchasing a different audio and not this one.
"Great story, horrendous reading."
This reading sounded half computer, half person. Several of the words were blended or read at weird speeds.
Report Inappropriate Content
If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


text:
Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
My lawyer told me to plea guilty and after I have completed all the court requirements including probation I can ask for a with held is that true?
A withheld judgment is a two step process. You ask for it when you are sentenced and you ask for it again, via a motion, affidavit, and order after you have completed probation. You must have a probation violation free term of probation to successfully get the withheld judgment. Until you have taken the second step in the process, you are considered convicted of the crime under Idaho law. Additionally, even with a withheld judgment, the DUI can always be used to enhance any subsequent DUI.Ask a similar question
please explain how to do the affidavit or motion. Does this require a lawyer? Can I request the guilty be changed to withheld at my last review hearing and again when my probation is done in a couple of months?
You should always defer to the advise of your attorney, especially if they practice in the geographic area and area of law for which you sought their advice. However, you may need to seek additional advice, or we need additional information to more acurately answer your question. According to the Florida Stautes, if you plead no contest, or guilty to a DUI in Florida, there is a mandatory adjudication of guilt. I am not aware of any way to have adjudication with held if you are convicted of a DUI in the State of Florida.
This answer is offered for informational purposes only. It is not offered as, and does not constitute, legal advice. Laws vary widely from state to state. You should rely only on the advice given to you during a personal consultation by a local attorney who is thoroughly familiar with state laws and the area of practice in which your concern lies.Ask a similar question
I sincerely apologize. I did not see this was a question from ID. Please disregard my advice and seek counsel from a lawyer licensed in ID.
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