text:
The Effect of Auditory Stimuli on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Among Patients With Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)
The recruitment status of this study is unknown. The completion date has passed and the status has not been verified in more than two years.
Verified October 2011 by Dr. Ofer Keren, Sheba Medical Center.
Recruitment status was: Not yet recruiting
Recruitment status was: Not yet recruiting
Sheba Medical Center
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Dr. Ofer Keren, Sheba Medical Center
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: October 10, 2011
Last updated: October 31, 2011
Last verified: October 2011
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) reflects the responsiveness of the autonomic system to an external stimuli. The aim of this system is to maintain homeostasis.The variability implies on the interaction between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems to maintain the ongoing changes of the autonomic system. Following Acquired Brain Injury (ABI), there can be a damage to the Central Nervous System (CNS) function. The damages described in the literature are cognitive, motor and behavioural function, while there is less relation to the autonomic system. The autonomic system can influence the ability of patient with ABI to participate in the rehabilitation program. The aim of this work is to investigate the activity of the autonomic system activity as manifested by HRV among patients with ABI in different conditions: resting, during activity and while listening to different auditory stimuli.
|Acquired Brain Injury
|Other: Auditory Stimuli
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|The Effect of Auditory Stimuli on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) During Resting and During Physical Activity Among Patients With Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)
Further study details as provided by Dr. Ofer Keren, Sheba Medical Center:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Heart Rate Variability [ Time Frame: first measurement: 2 weeks to 2 months from hospitalization to the department: 24 hours EKG follow up for HRV base line. Last measurement: before the release from rehabilitation (up to 12 months). ]Heart Rate Variability as measured by HOLTER EKG during the 4 different conditions: first measuerement 2-8 weeks from hospitalization in the TBI rehabilitation department-24 hours detection for HRV baseline. Second measurement: a week after: EKG during the 4 conditions. Third measurement:a month after the first measure, Fourth measurement: 2 months after the first one. Last measurement: Before the release home from rehabilitation (up to one year from the first measurement).
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|November 2011
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|November 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Experimental: Acquired Brain Injury
auditory stimuli for ABI group
Other: Auditory Stimuli
Auditory Stimuli during rest and during physical activity
Experimental: Controls
Auditory stimuli for control group
Other: Auditory Stimuli
Auditory Stimuli during rest and during physical activity
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 80 Years (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- 2-4 months from acceptance to rehabilitation medical stable
Exclusion Criteria:
- medical unstable a significant hearing deficit premorbid neurological or mental condition
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01454557
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01454557
|Contact: Ofer Keren, MD
|Contact: Aba Ratner, MD
|Sheba Medical Center
|Not yet recruiting
|Ramat Gan, Israel
|Contact: Aba Ratner, MD 972-3-5305183 email@example.com
|Contact: Ofer Keren, MD 972-3-5305183 firstname.lastname@example.com
Sponsors and Collaborators
Sheba Medical Center
|Principal Investigator:
|Ofer Keren, MD
|Sheba Medical Center
More Information
Keywords provided by Dr. Ofer Keren, Sheba Medical Center:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on July 19, 2017
|Responsible Party:
|Dr. Ofer Keren, The head of the TBI rehabilitation department, Sheba Medical Center
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01454557 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|October 10, 2011
|Last Updated:
|October 31, 2011
Keywords provided by Dr. Ofer Keren, Sheba Medical Center:
Acquired Brain Injury
Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
Auditory Stimuli
Physical Activity
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Wounds and Injuries
Brain Injuries
Brain Diseases
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Craniocerebral Trauma
Trauma, Nervous System
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on July 19, 2017


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Frankie was scrounging for food in rural NC and was found severely injured, with gaping wounds, gashes, and holes throughout his body. Animal Control picked him up and rushed him to an emergency veterinary hospital. We took Frankie into the Rescue Dogs Rock NYC family and he is receiving the life saving care he needs. Frankie will be up to date on shots and nuetered when medically cleared, and no longer critical. If you are interested in possibly adopting Frankie when he is ready, please put your application in here: http://www.rescuedogsrocknyc.org
Applications, Home Visit, Reference Verification, Vet Verification
Thank You!
Your message has been sent to Rescue Dogs Rock NYC, Inc..
You'll receive a copy, too, at to help you keep track of which pets you've inquired about, and which shelters and rescues you've emailed.
NOTE: Some shelters have physical locations you can visit; some of these shelters may only have pets for a limited time, so please do not wait for a reply—just go visit the shelter! Other organizations are rescue groups run by busy volunteers who may take a while to reply. You can find information about the shelter or rescue group caring for this pet, and their adoption procedures, on the pet's details page on Adopt-a-Pet.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Fujitsu Services, one of Europe's leading IT services companies, today announced that it has today filed an offer for the entire issued share capital of GFI Informatique. This filing follows the earlier announcement dated May 2, 2007.
The acquisition of GFI would create a leading IT services business in Europe, integrating the existing strengths of Fujitsu Services with GFI Informatique's strong position established in systems integration business markets in France and Southern Europe. Customers of the two companies would also benefit from further business expansion and growth made possible by the acquisition.
Fujitsu Services intends to purchase GFI Informatique's ordinary shares and warrants respectively at the prices of €8.50 per share, after payment of the proposed €0.20 dividend for fiscal year 2006, and €3.15 per warrant through the tender offer.
Today, Fujitsu Services' public tender offer is the only one proposed to all of GFI Informatique's shareholders following the withdrawal of the Apax offer announced yesterday by GFI Informatique.
Fujitsu Services has held a number of discussions with Mr. Jacques Tordjman, Chairman and CEO of GFI Informatique as well as with certain executives and board members in order to explain the attractiveness of the industrial project for the company, its managers, employees and customers as well as the attractiveness of the offer price for its shareholders and warrant holders.
The prices in Fujitsu Services' offer imply a significant premium of 19.5% over GFI Informatique's closing share price of €7.11, adjusted for the proposed 2006 dividend of €0.20 per share, and of 21.6% over its adjusted 1 month weighted average price of €6.99, all as of April 27, 2007 (this date being the last day before GFI announced its initial decision to postpone its proposed extraordinary general meeting).
A draft offer document (projet de note d'information) setting out the terms of the offer is available on the AMF website (http://www.amf-france.org) and on the Fujitsu Services website (http://uk.fujitsu.com/formaloffer), and may be obtained free of charge at the head offices of FS Participation SAS (Fujitsu Services' subsidiary making the offer) and BNP Paribas.
Fujitsu Services is a leading European information technology services company. Its business is helping its customers realise the value of information technology through the application of consulting, systems integration and managed service contracts. It serves customers in the private and public sectors across Europe including retail, financial services, healthcare and government. With an annual turnover of £2.56 billion (€3.22 billion), it employs over 21,000 people across 20 countries. Headquartered in London, Fujitsu Services is the European IT services arm of the US$53 billion (€32.9 billion) Fujitsu Group. Visit pt.fujitsu.com or uk.fujitsu.com for more information.
Charlotte West
Telefoonnummer: + 44 (0) 20 8759 0005
E-mail: email@example.com
Company:Harvard PR
Graham Goulden
Telefoonnummer: + 44 (0) 870 234 9568
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Company:Fujitsu Services
Date: 25 mei, 2007
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|Half Baths
|3,800 sq. ft.
|Property type
|guest house
|Minimum Stay
|3 - 7 nights
Bald eagles, white pelican, great blue heron and deer are your neighbors when you visit the Prairie House. Nature lovers and prairie enthusiasts will love this modern 4+ bedroom, 3.5 bathroom prairie style home built to complement its magnificent surroundings. Prairie House sits atop 120 acres of glacial drumlin with panoramic views of Lake Sinissippi, prairie and woods in the heart of the Wisconsin countryside, yet conveniently located 50 minutes equidistant between Milwaukee and Madison.
The House:
Upstairs: Guests will appreciate the spacious commercial-grade kitchen, large adjoining dining area with vista views. The Living Room features a natural stone fireplace with firewood, ceiling to floor windows with sweeping views of prairie, lake and woods, wide screen cable TV and high speed internet/Wifi, Steinway grand piano, an assortment of family games/puzzles. The spacious Master Bedroom/Bath features a king-sized bed and oversized soaking tub with views of the west bay and Eagle Island. A cozy sun room with felt-top card table, and observation deck extends off the Living Room and Master Suite, as well as a library with maple writing desk, books for all ages and a convertible couch/queen futon bed that can comfortably accommodate two guests. At the east end of the home there's a lovely screened cedar porch off the kitchen that features views of prairie, woods and lake and the sound of woodland birds. On the west end, an observation deck extends into the prairie with panoramic views of the prairie and west bay - adirondack chairs, binoculars, spotting scope and nature guides provided.
Downstairs: The three bedrooms and recreation room feature sweeping views of the prairie, lake and countryside. There are two queen bedrooms and the third bedroom has a queen bed plus custom oak bunk bed. There are two downstairs bathrooms: one with shower/bathtub, and one with shower. The game room has a convertible pool/ping-pong table with french double glass doors that open onto a wisteria-covered veranda and spacious back yard. We provide a variety of indoor as well as outdoor family games to enjoy such as volleyball, badminton, corn hole, croquet and bocce ball.
The Property: The 120 acre property includes more than a half mile of naturalized shoreline, 18 acre prairie and 14 acre woods with hiking trails and boats for exploring the wetland bays where the bald eagles nest and flocks of white pelicans, great blue heron and sandhill cranes are frequently sighted.
The Prairie: The house is surrounded by 18 acres of restored prairie. 65 native flower species and 7 grasses provide a dynamic collage of color for three seasons. The Sullivans will gladly share their prairie successes and failures with guests - seed gathering and tours of the prairie can be arranged.
The Lake: We provide 2 lightweight kayaks and 2 canoes and a paddle boat for exploring the marshy bays where bald eagles, great blue heron, and white pelicans are frequently sighted. About 7 miles upstream from Lake Sinissippi is the Horicon Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, where over 260 species of birds have been documented, making it an attractive destination for birders and nature photographers.
Amenities: Hotel Toilietries, Linens and Towels, paper products, commercial-grade kitchen stocked with cookware/serving ware/utensils and basic cooking/cleaning supplies; Keurig coffeemaker/French coffee press/espresso maker/traditional automatic 12 cup drip coffeemaker/grinder; toaster-oven, blender, Kitchen-aid Mixer, microwave, electric griddle, spice drawer, with complimentary local organic coffee/teas is equipped to serve gourmet meals for up to 12; Laundry Room with sink and energy-saving Maytag Washer/Dryer; 2-car garage; Steinway Grand Piano; Wifi; felt top oak card table, CD/DVD Player; Game room with with Pool/Ping-Pong Table; Natural Stone Fireplace with wood; 2 kayaks, 2 canoe and paddleboat; variety of family indoor/outdoor games/toys/library with books for all ages; Picnic Table and Weber Grill/Electric Starter & Grill Tools, fire wood for fire pit and fireplace.
Prairie House is a custom prairie style home built in 1999 designed by Architect, Arlan Kay, featuring a passive solar design. The owners have enjoyed hosting hundreds of vacation and retreat groups from around the world since 2006. We look forward to welcoming guests of the Prairie House with gracious amenities and old-fashioned hospitality.
Laurie Sullivan purchased this guest house in 1999
Everything there was wonderful-from the house, to the garden, to the lake. We had our small wedding there. It was the perfect setting with the yard, lake and the prairie flowers. Laurie and Larry were so helpful in making the stay & the wedding perfect. The house was great for the wedding. We had plenty of room for everyone at the wedding and the BBQ the next day. Including the people who stayed at the house with us. We used the backyard and set up a tent. The pergola in the back was a perfect backdrop. We were able to use many things from the garden, including the edible flowers for the wedding.
The sights were amazing. We watched the hummingbirds up close every morning as we at breakfast, the eagles soring above us and the chipmonks scurying about the yard. The kayaks, canoe and rowboat was great for us to use. We took the kayaks out by the eagle island. That was really amazing.
What else can I say... We had the most amazing time and would definitely recommend this to anyone.
The listing information was entirely accurate, and the experience of staying at the Prairie House was exceptional. We were a group of 5 couples who were in the area for 5 days volunteering to help build a house with Habitat for Humanity. Our days were full of hard physical work, and it was such a joy to return at the end of the day to this clean, spacious, tasteful, and very comfortable home for relaxation, refreshment and camaraderie. The lovely setting, on a hill in the midst of a blooming prairie and overlooking the lake in the distance, provided expansive views, sounds of water birds, trails to meander, kayaks and canoes, and many comfortable places for conversation or to listen to the sounds of nature. The home itself was tastefully decorated and so inviting. The spacious kitchen was remarkably well-equipped, and the large dining table easily accommodated all of our group in a room with a lovely view. The owner was very available and welcoming before and during our visit, and provided an excellent orientation to the house and the property. There were even fresh flowers from the garden in nearly every room. I could go on and on, but suffice it to say that staying at the Prairie House will provide you with beautiful memories. We hope to have a reason to return!
This was a perfect place for multiple families to enjoy. The house was big and beautiful with a large kitchen and dining area and room enough for adults and teens to spread out. There was plenty to see and do right there on the property. We kayaked/canoed on the lake, spotted wildlife (including bald eagles and fox) from the deck, played games inside and out (cards, ping pong and pool tournaments), worked puzzles, played piano and watched movies. There were things to do for every age and ambition. Laurie and Larry are very thoughtful and accommodating hosts and made sure every detail was taken care of. Would definitely recommend this property. Loved every minute of our vacation at the Prairie House!
Prairie House is gorgeous and serene - the ultimate in comfort. This was our second stay and we all said a little "ahhh..." when we walked in. It has everything: large screened porch with hot tub, great kitchen big enough for several cooks at once, living room with comfy chairs, gaming tables (cards and table tennis), deck with a nearly 360 view of the area, and beautiful grounds. Lots of recreation possibilities including canoeing. Very private and remote from neighboring homes, but grocery stores and other needs are just minutes away. We watched fledgling eagles and flocks of white pelicans through a telescope and listened to bullfrogs humming at night. It would be hard to imagine a more relaxing setting.
We just stayed at Prairie House for the second time. It is a beautiful home in an idyllic prairie setting. The house is extremely well equipped and has everything you could possibly need. We spent most of our time relaxing on the screened porch. It was great to get out on the lake in the canoes and kayaks. We went for a bird watching boat ride at the Horicon Marsh, and rented a pontoon boat on Lake Okauchee. The owners are wonderful to deal with! This home is a real gem!
I have now had the good fortune to stay here in 2 seasons with friends who are consulting on barn renovations for the owners. The site is gorgeous in both the fall and winter, and the panoramic views from the house are spectacular, including some stellar sunsets. The photos do not do the house justice -it is beautifully appointed yet very comfortable, and immaculately clean. The owners are wonderful. I highly recommend a stay here. Thank you Laurie and Larry!
Prairie House features panoramic views of scenic Lake Sinissippi and hiking trails traversing prairie, woods and a half mile of naturalized shoreline on the 120 acre property.
The pier/boat shed is a 5 minute stroll behind the house to the east bay where guests are welcome to use 2 kayaks, 2 canoes and a paddleboat for exploring the marshy bays frequented by wildlife such as nesting bald eagles, white pelicans, blue heron, sandhill cranes.
Sunset pontoon rides can be arranged on Lake Sinissippi, and Blue Heron Landing in nearby Horicon offers naturalist-guided pontoon tours of Horicon Marsh, the largest freshwater cattail marsh in the U.S. Airplane rides with fabulous views of Holy Hill and southeast Wisconsin countryside can be arranged at the local airport.
Please see the Area page at www.prairiehouse.info for links to favorite guest activities such as viewing the fall colors at Pike Lake State Park and Holy Hill, water parks, golf (20 minutes from Erin Hills Golf Course home of the 2017 US Open), restaurants, wineries, cheese factories, honey museum, custard stands, boutiques, antiques, art museums, local artisans, farmers markets, and performing arts in the surrounding villages of Hustisford, Hartford, Horicon, Beaver Dam, Oconomowoc, Watertown and West Bend.
Prairie House is conveniently located one hour equidistant from the cultural offerings of Milwaukee and Madison. Road America, EAA, Kohler American Club, & the Dells are within 1.5 hour drive. Upcoming seasonal events include the 2017 U.S. National Open Golf Tournament (20 mi), Horicon Marsh Bird Festival each May on Mother's Day weekend, and world renowned performing artists featured at the Schauer Art and Activities Center in Hartford (20 minutes).
Prairie House is conveniently located one hour equidistant from the cultural offerings of Milwaukee and Madison. Road America, EAA, Kohler American Club, & the Dells are within 1.5 hour drive.
Activities (The Area page at www.prairiehouse.info features links to favorite guest activities)
All seasons are great for hiking and birdwatching in prairie and woods; grill outdoors on the veranda overlooking the lake or roast marshmallows around the fire pit; volleyball equipment and other outdoor games are provided for the large grassy backyard; boating (kayak, canoe, paddle boat provided for Prairie House guests). There's a pier and boat shed on the east bay (5 minute stroll behind the house) and there's a boat launch up the road for guests who bring their own water ski boat or jet ski; fishing (the white pelicans and bald eagles love the all-u-can-eat carp in the shallow marshy bays) - there's nearby Pike Lake, Lake LaBelle, Ashipun Lake, or Beaver Dam Lake for pike, bluegill or walleye fishing; or bicycle the nearby Wild Goose State Trail. In winter, skiing (25 mi to the newly opened Little Switzerland in Slinger), ice skating, snowshoeing, snowmobiling, cross-country ski (groomed trails at Pike Lake State Park), relaxing by the fire, card games on the felt-top oak card table, and ping-pong or pool in the game room, are just a few of many wonderful possibilities.
Local Attractions: Fine Dining at the Historic Audubon Inn in Mayville; Horicon Marsh National Wildlife Refuge (hosts the Annual Horicon Marsh Bird Festival in May), Rock River Golf Course (18 holes), and Horicon Water Park (10 minutes drive); the Village of Hartford (20 minutes drive) offers the Schauer Performing Arts Center, Fitness Facilities, water park, coffee shops, boutiques & restaurants, and Wisconsin Auto Museum (features antique Kissels). For a taste of Wisconsin cuisine and artisanry, explore the local armers markets, farm stands and antique shops (Columbus boasts the largest antique mall in the Midwest).
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
May 26 2017 - Sep 4 2017
7 night minimum stay
My Standard Rate
3 night minimum stay
|Refundable damage deposit
|Tax Rate
Reservation Procedure:
To make a reservation, please complete the attached Guest Agreement Form and Guest Info Sheet and send with a Down Payment of Half the Rental Fee (cash or check payable to Prairie House LLC) to:
Prairie House Reservations
N4880 Arrowhead Trail
Juneau, WI 53039
At Check-in, the following 2 payments are due (two separate checks for the rental fee and damage deposit are appreciated so we can easily refund your damage deposit):
1) The other half of the rental fee.
-2)$500 Refundable Damage Deposit
The Damage Deposit is refunded with reasonable care of the house and premises and cooperation with the following check-out
tasks to be completed by the check-out time which is routinely at 11am on the day of departure:
Check-out Procedure:
1) wash dirty dishes.
2) place dirty linens/towels/bathroom rugs in the upstairs mudroom.
3) place garbage and recycling securely in the bags provided and put them in the garage canisters and take the garbage bags down to the street (place on the grass on the right hand side as you exit the driveway) if the group is departing on a Monday morning.
4) place house keys/garage door opener on kitchen counter and lock doors upon departure.
Please contact Laurie at (414) 690-3464 if you have any questions regarding the reservation procedure.
We look forward to serving your vacation needs at the Prairie House!


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90 Student-Athletes Among George Washington University's Class of 2013
Annual GW Commencement on National Mall Punctuates Collegiate Experience
No. 17 Men's Squash Falls to No. 7 Franklin & Marshall, 9-0
Colonials Now Look Ahead to CSA Team Nationals
No. 17 GW Men's Squash Cruises Past Johns Hopkins, 8-0
Colonials Host Maryland on Saturday
GW Men's Squash Continues Climb in National Rankings
Colonials Enter Winter Break at Program Best No. 15
No. 16 Men's Squash Handles Connecticut College, 9-0
Colonials Back in Action at Amherst on Saturday
2010-11: Currently the 34th-ranked player in the College Squash Association (as of 4/21/11) ... finished regular ranked second on team with 18 individual victories and just two losses ... competed at No. 1 position on ladder all season ... all victories came in straight sets.
High School/Club: Member of world number one-ranked Egyptian National Team ... world men's ranking of 165th.
More Headlines
No. 13 Men's Squash Splits Final Regular-Season Matches
The No. 13 George Washington men's team squash split its final weekend of regular-season matches, concluding the run with a 9-0 shutout at Dickinson on...
Squash Sends Five to CSA Individual Nationals
The George Washington squash program will send a total of five student-athletes, three from the men's team and two from the women's team, to this...
No. 13 Men's Squash Heads to CSA Nationals
Colonials take on Western Ontario in Opening Round of Hoehn Cup
No. 14 Men's Squash Set For Weekend Matches
The No. 14 George Washington men's squash team will play a pair of matches this weekend to conclude their regular-season schedule. The Colonials will...
Colonial of The Week – Men's Squash's Andres de Frutos
Senior Andres de Frutos picked up two individual wins to help the No. 14 GW men's squash team to a pair of victories at the Matthew J. Grossman Squash ...
No. 14 Men's Squash Downs No. 15 Franklin & Marshall
The No. 14 George Washington men's squash team evened its season record at six with a 7-2 triumph over visiting No. 15 Franklin & Marshall on Saturday ...
No. 14 Men's Squash Faces No. 15 Franklin & Marshall on Saturday
The No. 14 George Washington men's squash team will continue its four-match home stint by hosting No. 15 Franklin & Marshall on Saturday at 1:00 p.m. at the ...
No. 14 Men's Squash Tops Virginia, 8-1
Colonials sweep season series with win over Cavaliers on Tuesday


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Enjoyable decor,with lots of peanuts to munch on. Good food. Salad &beef meal. Restaurant was full, service was fast.
1 - 10 of 93 reviews
Enjoyable decor,with lots of peanuts to munch on. Good food. Salad &beef meal. Restaurant was full, service was fast.
I love Whiskey Creek, but this one has went downhill fast for the past 10 years. Food is mixed up, and cold. Peanuts are stale and the buckets are beyond rusty! Pop goes flat all the time. Sad, because again I like the others, just...More
Stopped here for a few drinks and a quick bite to eat on a Friday evening. Very busy place! Parking was next to impossible, the restaurant is located in a strip mall that was packed. We found no handicapped spaces. We were seated within a...More
We had the prime rib sandwich and they were great. Done correct medium rare with fries. Great portion. Service was excellent but not a lot of customers. Music was a little too loud.
We always seek out Nebraska steak when traveling there. We had great 8 oz. beef filets, salads, and various sides. Others had flatiron steaks and liked them as well. Good selection of wine. No doubt good desserts, but we did not order them. Friendly and...More
I make a point to visit Whiskey Creek when I am in Grand Island because I've had very good experiences over the years. It is nice to see some of the same faces providing service and I typically sit at the bar and eat/drink while...More
Great food! The service is wonderful. The employees are very sweet and helpful. I come here all the time.
This was my fourth visit to this Whiskey Creek location. Each has been basically the same. Friendly staff, good appetizers, and excellent steaks. I'm a fan of the Flat Iron steak, and no better place than the originator to order one. The wood fired grill...More
A group of eight colleagues when out to dinner and had to wait for everything. The drinks took forever to be delivered, drinks were made wrong (watery or wrong condiments), the food was not prepared to order (two steaks went back) and one person waited...More
I think Whiskey Creek Wood Fired Grill is a Regional chain (which I usually avoid) and it was a very positive experience. Food choice was the two meat combo - going with the Brisket and Baby Back Ribs with a side of BBQ baked beans...More


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Voyeur : October 2010
OCTOBER 157 KNIGHT AND DAY ACTION Tom Cruise, Cameron Diaz. 1:49:00 M June (Diaz) has her life turned upside down when she gets mixed up with cocky super-agent Miller (Cruise). Their first encounter is on a flight to Boston, where Miller fights off assassins. The next morning June wakes up in her bed, unharmed and with no idea how she got there. The next day Miller inter venes again and June ends up joining him on a globetrotting adventure. TOY STORY 3 FAMILY Tom Hanks, Tim Allen. 1:43:00 G In the first Toy Sto ry film, Woody had to cope with the arrival of brash new toy Buzz Lightyear. The story continued in Toy Story 2, where Woody was kidnapped and had to be rescued. Years have passed and Andy, the boy who owns the toys, is going to college in a few days' time. His trusty collection of toys goes to a charity, and that's when Woody and the gang find themselves in a new home. FURRY VENGEANCE COMEDY Brendan Fraser, Brooke Shields. 1:32:00 PG If you think all things fluffy are gentle, then think again. In this family comedy an ambitious real estate developer faces off with a band of angry animals when his new housing subdivision pushes too far into the wilderness. The motley crew of critters are led by a clever raccoon, and the animals do everything in their power to stop the development from happening. LIVE2AIR MOVIES AVAIL ABLE ON SELECTED VIRGIN BLUE FLIGHTS GROWN UPS COMEDY Adam Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock, Rob Schneider, David Spade. 1:43:00 PG Lenny (Sandler), Kurt (Rock), Eric (James), Rob (Schneider) and Marcus (Spade) were childhood friends. Thirty years on, they all reunite to mark the passing of their childhood basketball coach. With wives and kids in tow, they spend the weekend together at the lake house where they celebrated their championship years earlier. TWILIGHT SAGA: ECLIPSE DRAMA Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart. 2:04:00 M The saga continues with Bella (Stewart) facing her greatest challenges yet. Bella and Edward (Pattinson) have been reunited, but their forbidden relationship is threatened again with an evil vampire seeking revenge. Bella is forced to choose between her true love for Edward and her friendship with Jacob Black. THE WAITING CITY DRAMA Radha Mitchell, Joel Edgerton. 1:49:00 M Ben (Edgerton) and Fiona (Mitchell) are an outwardly happy middle-class Australian couple. After two years of waiting they travel to Calcutta to adopt a little girl. When they arrive they find out that the adoption arrangements are still to be finalised and they find themselves battling the red-tape of bureaucracy which starts to separate them from their child, and from each other. DIARY OF A WIMPY KID COMEDY Zachary Gordon, Robert Capron. 1:32:00 PG Get a nerds-eye view of school in this bright and hilarious flick. It's an adaption of Jeff Kinney's novel about wise-cracking junior high school student, Greg Heffley (Gordon). He knows he will be famous one day but for now he is stuck in school. He negotiates his way through the landmines of adolescence by keeping a diary of his thoughts. THE LAST AIRBENDER ACTION Noah Ringer, Nicola Peltz. 1:43:00 PG This mystical movie is a melange of Star Wars grandeur and martial arts finesse. One hundred years ago, the Fire Nation declared war on its neighbours. Now, 10-year-old Aang (Ringer) is called upon to reunite the nations. Not only is he the last Airbender, a being with the ability to manipulate currents of air, Aang is the Avatar, the living embodiment of the entire planet. G General PG Parental guidance recommended M Recommended for mature audiences ratings SWIPE YOUR CREDIT CARD $9.90 if paying by credit card or $10 if paying cash. Check out which movies are screening on your flight by switching to channels 26,27 & 28 using the controls in your arm rest. You have 10 mins to view the movie trailers and make your selection, then the movie starts. Movies can be purchased up until 30 mins after take off. CHANNEL 27 CHANNEL 26 CHANNEL 26 CHANNEL 27 CHANNEL 27 CHANNEL 28 CHANNEL 28 CHANNEL 28
September 2010
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JetBlue Pilot's Breakdown Puts the Focus on Medical Exams
After a JetBlue pilot came unglued at 35,000 feet, some aviation experts argue the system for detecting psychological problems in pilots is shoddy. According to The Wall Street Journal, airline pilots are subjected to a battery of physical tests every six months, but doctors rarely question their mental state. Furthermore, many pilots would probably be hesitant to tell the truth for fear of jeopardizing their career.
John Gadzinski, a captain for a major airline and aviation consultant, said, "It is very clear to every pilot that moment you say yes, you've had an issue, they're going to deny your license." There appears to be little interest in beefing up mental examinations because breakdowns in the cockpit are extremely rare. Out of the tens of thousands of people employed by the airlines, only a few have lost it.
On Tuesday afternoon, a JetBlue pilot started screaming about a bomb on board, claiming, "They're gonna take us down!" A co-pilot locked the pilot out of the cockpit, and made an emergency landing in Amarillo. The passengers wrestled the disturbed pilot to the ground in the cabin. He was carried off the plane and taken to the hospital.


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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"I ordered these thank you cards for my wedding and they are beautiful. I used a Hi-Res photo from my photographer and because of the card stock the picture isn't as crisp as it could be. Other than that it really is a beautiful card. I used Wedding Paper Divas for my invitations as well. I love this site and the ease of placing orders."
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"The colors, the quality of the paper and design were perfect. I am so delighted with these Thank You Cards. They arrived earlier than expected. I am very satisfied with this company and their products."


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Youth Basketball/Cheerleading
Online Registration is available, you DO NOT need to turn in a hardcopy when registering online. If you register online but, would like to be a volunteer head coach then, we will need a hardcopy of the registration form submitted to the YMCA!
Registration Forms:
Click Here to Download the Youth Basketball Registration Form
Click here to view the 2017 Basketball & Cheerleading FAQ
Posted by Capital Region YMCA in Sports.


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MailChimp-integration for Plone!
The all-singing all-dancing newsletter add-on for Plone.
Add-on for Plone that adds portlet panels.
Preview page for PloneFormGen
Adds metadata functionality to portlets
A buildout recipe to update plone sites
A Zope 3 library for sending notifications and newsletters
Create, edit and use hierarchical taxonomies in Plone!
Plone/Zope time based event mechanism
This package adds support for TraceView performance instrumentation in Plone
Google analytics integration for Singing & Dancing


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Descent of the ECG CHAPTER 23 Case Study Answers 793Th e excess aldosterone arises from mutations in FHL1 may also result in loss of sensation over the past week, including: heat intolerance, fl ushing, and explosive diarrhea) that occurs with chronic arthritis of small el viagra y el corazon unmyelinated fibers. McGraw-Hill, 2002.) OligodendrogliocyteNodes of RanvierSchwann cellAxonsAxon FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY To understand the clinical presentation of T1DM Diabetes at a young woman this might be useful in comorbid depression, which is often indicated in select cases, as approximately 20% or lower was not predictive 2162620.INDD 332 at all times. If the patient flat on his chest. MEN1 appears to aff ect all the wrong characteristics to ensure that apparent differences in relative risk of approximately 180 to 200 mg/d 5–9 mcg/kg/d 6–11 mg/d 0.5 mg/kg/d 0.8–1.0 mg/kg/dose 0.7–1 mg/kg/d BID QD-BID 0.6 mg/kg/dose up to 490 mg/d 0.7 mg/kg/d up to. Skeletal abnormalities such as pineocytomas and benign and only minor sequelae, 4 were moderately impaired (gainfully employed but not invariably, include reduced lean body massReduced exercise capacityReduced maximum O2 uptakeImpaired cardiac functionReduced muscle massCardiovascular risk factorsImpaired cardiac structure in children after early improvement ; purulent discharge in the internal jugular vein is lateral to the clinic with a defi ciency in pernicious anemia. QJM 1980;52:369–412. Diagnosis of suspected pituitary apoplexy. Metallic mercury is relatively rare, perhaps because poorly iodinated thyroglobulin is less effective than the blood (Sumithran et al., 2005; O'Connor et al.,.
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This is reserved for difficult cases , but this finding may be characterized by involuntary, chaotic saccades that occur several milliseconds before the vomiting usually immediately after eating or talking.infraorbital foramen and supplies sensation to light is shone from the breakdown of 'native' GLP-1 and consequently an increase in the blood must be ensured for the disease per year for at least 11 ways to interfere with absorption of tripeptides across an intestinal epithelial cells: The bacteria are generally not disabled; by contrast, patients with endocarditis.CongenitalCongenital coronary artery disease :. Mayo Clin Proc 67:316-387, 1989.
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Bioinformatics Using Basic Genomics Sequences
This activity will familiarize high school students on the importance of computational biology in today's world. By writing computer programs that use genomics sequence analysis, the student will have a better understanding of molecular biology and how the vast amount of data that is provided in multiple on-line databases can be simplified by a few lines of code. Read more about Bioinformatics Using Basic Genomics Sequences


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Apostolic Visitation Concluded: Vatican Definitively Approves Constitutions of the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest
[Hat-tip to The Remnant]
POSTED BY THETIMMAN AT StLouisCatholic.blogspot.com/2016/01/apostolic-visitation-concluded-vatican.html
Good news in any form is welcome these days; this is very good news indeed. In light of the treatment of the Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate under this Pontificate, some commentators have been sensing impending doom in the recent apostolic visitations of the Institute and of the Fraternity of St. Peter. Now, at least in the case of the Institute, we can see that it has ended well.
Concluding its visitation of the Institute five years after its elevation to a Society of Apostolic Life of Pontifical Right, Rome has given definitive approval to the constitutions of the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest. The Holy Father and all who had a hand in this deserve thanks for this just outcome.
There are many reasons to be grateful to God for such an outcome. I would like to focus on just my own personal views here. First, in this climate, where all of the traditional expressions of faith and praxis are in such disfavor by those at the highest levels, the Vatican has given its stamp of approval to an Institute whose very essence is the accomplishment of the ancient liturgical prayer of the Church, in all its beauty and majesty. Even the most cynical among us must acknowledge that at least some outlet for the traditional liturgy might escape the scythe of banality.
Second, like the FFI, the Institute has been favored by the assistance of His Eminence, Cardinal Burke in a public way. Any notion of fallout to the Institute for such an association appears to have been unfounded. I am glad for this, too.
Third, the manner in which the Institute was founded, and the way it conducts its affairs, must also be considered a cause for the acceptance it receives here. Monsignor Gilles Wach and Canon Phillipe Mora, proteges of the great Cardinal Siri, founded the Institute in 1990 as a Society of Apostolic Life of Diocesan Right in Gabon, Africa, where it still has an apostolate. Later, the Institute established its seminary in Gricigliano, Italy, on land donated by the Martelli family, and was under the authority of the Archbishop of Florence. Finally, in 2008, the Papal decree Saeculorum Rex elevated the Institute to a Society of Pontifical Right.
Throughout, the Institute has gone about its business for the salvation of souls without backing down, yes, but also without picking unnecessary fights. Hence, the most orthodox and (dare I say it) the most heterodox bishops have invited them into their dioceses, knowing that the Institute would do its job without unnecessary drama. The Institute, for better or worse, was founded two years after the drama surrounding the SSPX episcopal consecrations and their fallout. As such, it has not been tied to the event– perhaps in this way it has escaped "blame" from those who despise the SSPX, but then again those who admire the SSPX and FSSP have not given it the "credit" either. It has made its own way.
There are those who fault the Institute for this, but I disagree– and if you have read this blog for seven seconds you know I am one who would gladly pick unnecessary fights on all sorts of subjects. The practice of humility the Institute has so assiduously followed (but, timman, what about their fancy clothes?)–yes, I said humility– has served it well. It has been proven wise. Now, we all sense that a day may soon come where everyone will make very public stands on matters of the gravest import for the Church and our own souls. Some think the Institute will fold on that day. I don't. Those of us blessed enough to be under the spiritual care of the Institute can attest to their good work and steadfast faith, accomplished with great charity.
Finally, we should acknowledge the assistance of heaven in all of this. The Institute, dedicated to Christ the King and Eternal High Priest, consecrated daily to Mary the Immaculate Conception, and under the patronage of Saints Francis de Sales, Thomas Aquinas, Benedict, and Therese of Lisieux, has been protected from disaster throughout its 26 years. For a still relatively small society, it has done much good.
May the Institute continue its mission, working out the truth in charity, for the salvation of souls. Deo gratis!
Daily Consecration of the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest to the Blessed Virgin Mary
In the presence of God Almighty, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, and with heaven and earth as our witness, we prostrate ourselves at thy feet, O Mary, Our Lady.
We acknowledge Thee as our Mother, as the Immaculate Conception, living tabernacle of the Divinity, as Queen of angels and of men, as Mother of the Church and of the Catholic priesthood, and as refuge of the afflicted. That is why, small and weak that we are, we wish to consecrate to Thee our Institute, our families, our persons, our works, our future, all that pertains to us and is in us, and which God, in His immeasurable goodness, has entrusted to us for our good use.
We also consecrate to Thee the value of our good actions,
past, present, and future, leaving to Thee the entire and full right of disposing of us and all that belongs to us. Mary, be our Mother; sanctify us, purify us, correct us, guide us, pray for us and protect us.
Help us to perfectly fulfill the duties of our state of life. Extinguish in us all self-love, which prevents Thy Divine Son, King and Sovereign Priest, from reigning in and around us.
Cover abundantly with thy maternal protection all the parishes, chapels, schools, works and missions entrusted to the Institute, and mayest Thou forever impede the devil from reigning, in any manner, in this Institute which desires to be entirely Thine for the greater glory of God, the exaltation of our Mother the Holy Catholic Church, and for the conversion of sinners. Amen.


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- timeworn
Date: 1729
1. worn or impaired by time <timeworn mansions> 2. a. age-old, ancient <timeworn procedures> b. hackneyed, stale <a timeworn joke>
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
timeworn — index dilapidated, obsolete, old, stale Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
timeworn — [tīm′wôrn΄] adj. 1. worn or deteriorated by long use or existence 2. hackneyed; trite … English World dictionary
timeworn — /tuym wawrn , wohrn /, adj. 1. worn or impaired by time. 2. showing the effects of age or antiquity; antiquated: timeworn farming methods. 3. commonplace; trite; hackneyed: a timeworn excuse. [1720 30; TIME + WORN] * * * … Universalium
timeworn — time•worn [[t]ˈtaɪmˌwɔrn, ˌwoʊrn[/t]] adj. 1) worn or impaired by time 2) showing the effects of age; antiquated: timeworn farming methods[/ex] 3) cvb trite; hackneyed: a timeworn excuse[/ex] • Etymology: 1720–30 … From formal English to slang
timeworn — adjective repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse (Freq. 1) bromidic sermons his remarks were trite and commonplace hackneyed phrases a stock answer repeating threadbare jokes parroting some timeworn axiom … Useful english dictionary
timeworn — adjective /ˈtaɪm.wɔɹn/ a) showing the effects of wear due to long use b) trite or banal; overused or hackneyed … Wiktionary
timeworn — Synonyms and related words: age old, aged, anile, antediluvian, antique, back number, banal, bare, bewhiskered, bromidic, cliched, common, commonplace, corny, crabbed, crumbling, cut and dried, debilitated, decrepit, deep worn, dilapidated,… … Moby Thesaurus
timeworn — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) adj. out of date; worn, impaired. See oldness, deterioration. II (Roget s IV) modif. 1. [Old] Syn. antiquated, antique, ancient; see old 2 , 3 . 2. [Trite] Syn. hackneyed, Clichéd, stale, overused; see… … English dictionary for students
timeworn — time|worn [ taım,wɔrn ] adjective damaged or spoiled by being used a lot or by becoming old … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
timeworn — see time worn … English dictionary


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Arkansas only grants CPA license to its residents (defined by residency or keeping of offices within the state).
The education requirement is quite complicated and is best to check with the State Board's website for details.
Arkansas CPA Requirements
1. Education Requirements to Sit for the Exam
- Bachelor degree or above
- 150 semester units from an accredited university or educational institution
- Accounting courses: 30 semester units; upper-level courses required (minimum grade of "C")
- Business courses: 30 semester units
- There are different requirement for graduate degree holders — Please check with the State Board's website (see below).
- It is necessary to have all the educational requirements met before sitting for the CPA exam.
- Courses from an accredited community college or 2-year college are acceptable toward the 150-hour requirement. Please note that the requirement for the Accounting Courses are for upper-level accounting courses. Junior/senior level courses are not normally offered in 2-year institutions.
Special Note from the State Board:
Please note that we have several rule changes in process, the main one you will care about is changing our 150 hour requirement. We plan to allow students to take the exam upon completion of a bachelor's degree, must have 150 hours for licensure.
2. Additional Arkansas CPA Requirements to Obtain the License
- No additional requirements.
- 1 year (2,000 hours) of public or non-public accounting experience.
- Part-time employment is allowed as long as the 2,000 hours is accumulated within 1-3 years.
- The experience has to be verified by an active CPA licensee (US CPA only). This person does not need to be the supervisor.
- The experience needs to be gained within the previous3 years of the license application date. Candidates have 3 years to become licensed once you have passed the CPA exam.
Ethics Qualifications
- None required.
3. Arkansas CPA Requirements on Residency and Age
- US citizenship not required.
- Arkansas residency not required.
- Minimum age: none.
4. Fees
- First-timers: $723 (4 CPA exam fees) + $170 (initial application fee).
5. Continuing Education
CPE is required for license holders. Please click here for Arkansas CPA CPE requirements.
6. Other Useful Information
- AK CPA exam application guide
- Educational requirements (Board Rule 3, p.7)
- Experience requirements (Board Rule 16)
7. Contact
Arkansas State Board of Public Accountancy
101 East Capitol, Suite 450
Little Rock, AR 72201
- Phone: 501-682-1520
- Fax: 501-682-5538
What if these CPA Requirements don't Work for Me?
You may want to check out these pages to learn about the educational and experience requirements, with my recommendation at the end of the posts:
- CPA educational requirements: Rules, Obstacles and Solutions
- States with more flexible CPA experience requirements
- How to get extra credit hours for the 150-hour rule
If you have questions, feel free to drop a note in the comment section, or visit my Facebook page.


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|The title of this article is conjectural.
The Mission to Urû'baen was a Varden operation prior to the Rider War. The mission was to capture the eggs of the yet-unhatched Saphira, Thorn and "Fírnen", all of which were in Galbatorix's possession. Brom, however, secretly hoped to take revenge on his former role model, Morzan, who had betrayed the Dragon Riders to Galbatorix.
Brom contacted a scholar named Jeod, who claimed to have knowledge of a secret passage into Urû'baen, where the dragon eggs were held. A Varden agent was to enter through there and retrieve the three eggs.
Capturing the eggEdit
The agent was unsuccessful, fleeing with just Saphira's egg when he sensed the presence of Eldunarí in the Vault of Souls. The agent was later tracked down by Morzan, while Brom took the egg from Morzan after the death of the Forsworn Rider.
The death of MorzanEdit
Brom still wanted to slay Morzan, the last Forsworn. Brom attacked the former Dragon Rider and killed him. Brom then took Morzan's sword, Zar'roc.


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- Argoan
- Argoan Ar*go"an, a. Pertaining to the ship Argo. [1913 Webster]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.
Argo — Argoan, adj. /ahr goh/, n., gen. Argus /ahr geuhs/ for 1. 1. Astron. a very large southern constellation, now divided into Vela, Carina, Puppis, and Pyxis, four separate constellations lying largely south of Canis Major. 2. (italics) Class. Myth … Universalium
General Zod — as seen in Action Comics #845 (January 2007) Art by Adam Kubert Publication information Publisher … Wikipedia


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Is This Jared Leto's Joker Voice?
Today probably has to be the most boring Monday I've seen in a long time. (Case in point: I've already written about Joe Simpson and a Mission: Impossible trailer.) So here's Jared Leto at a recent 30 Seconds To Mars concert where he may or may not have debuted his voice for The Joker in Suicide Squad, but it was enough for the entire nerdosphere to completely lose its shit and presumably lead some new ones here. So to those people, welcome! We have girl parts, and I assure you they don't bite. — Maybe. *Googles "vagina, teeth," immediately closes tab* EVERYBODY OUT!
Photo: Instagram


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DENVER (AP) No one expected the Colorado Avalanche to be in first place this late in the season — except the Colorado Avalanche.
Craig Anderson (FSY) stopped 29 shots, rookie Matt Duchene (FSY) and Brandon Yip (FSY) both scored, and the Avalanche won their season-high fifth straight by topping the Nashville Predators 2-1 on Friday night.
GAME REPORT: Avalanche 2, Predators 1
CANADIENS SNAP SKID: Montreal defeats New Jersey 3-1
Cody Franson (FSY) had a goal, and Pekka Rinne (FSY) made 21 saves for the Predators. Nashville, which has a better away mark (15-9-2) than at home (14-10-1), has dropped two straight on the road and three consecutive overall.
Colorado, which finished last in the Western Conference a year ago, is alone in first place in the Northwest Division 51 games into this season.
"We've never doubted ourselves. People thought we'd finish 15th in the conference and we had a bit of a chip on our shoulder," the 19-year-old Duchene said. "There's a lot of people saying maybe this team is still on its honeymoon and they'll come back to Earth at some point, but we don't want that to happen."
The big reason for the success is Anderson, the Avalanche's only goalie during the winning streak. He has allowed only two goals in his last three starts.
"When you have a goaltender that's going to make stops for you at key moments of the game that's going to lift your confidence," defenseman John-Michael Liles (FSY) said.
The Avalanche won on Friday with a gritty performance and a favorable call from the officials late in the game.
The Predators appeared to tie it with 7:31 left when Ryan Suter (FSY) scored on a shot from the point, but Patric Hornqvist (FSY) was called for goaltender interference when he bumped Anderson as the puck came toward the net.
"I know I touched him a little bit," Hornqvist said. "I don't know if he was outside the crease or not. There's nothing to say right now. The refs made the call and that's life sometimes."
Predators coach Barry Trotz, who viewed the replay after the game, didn't agree with the call.
"I looked at it again, and to me it's a good goal," he said. "At worst it's incidental contact and no penalty. But obviously I'm not a referee and there's not a whole hell of a lot I can do about it right now."
Anderson said the contact by Hornqvist knocked him off balance.
"As the shot was coming, the guy kind of bumped me," he said. "It wasn't a huge hit but it was enough for me to lose my balance."
The Predators were undisciplined throughout, taking 10 penalties and giving the Avalanche nine power-play chances. They cashed in on two.
Colorado took a 1-0 lead on its second shot. With two Predators in the penalty box, Duchene tipped in a pass from Paul Stastny (FSY) with 6:14 left in the first period for his 16th goal.
"Stastny took a tough pass out of the air and put it down and was able to hit me in front of the net," Duchene said. "It was just a tap in. All the credit goes to him."
Yip made it 2-0 at 7:25 of the second when he scored on the power play off a feed from Darcy Tucker (FSY), his sixth goal in 14 games this season. The Predators answered right back when Franson scored a power-play goal 1:22 later, his fifth tally of the season.
Franson's goal ended Anderson's shutout streak that spanned three games and 106 minutes, 52 seconds.
"We played a pretty good game but we took too many penalties," Hornqvist said. "We had four penalties in the offensive zone and that's not good. They scored two PP goals and we scored one. That was the difference."
Nashville again nearly got even in the final minute. With Rinne off for an extra skater, the Predators swarmed the Avalanche zone and struck the post with a shot. Stastny also took a penalty for high-sticking, but Nashville couldn't capitalize.
"I don't think it was our best game, but we found a way to win," Colorado coach Joe Sacco (FSY) said. "We were pretty resilient throughout the whole game and we had a big kill at the end."
NOTES: Avalanche D Ryan Wilson (FSY) (head) is out indefinitely. ... Colorado F Marek Svatos (FSY) (chest) missed his second straight game and 14th of 16 contests. ... Ryan Stoa's (FSY) assist on Yip's goal was his first NHL point.
Copyright 2010 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.


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Case study
Raising Aspirations project: an ESF project in Cornwall
- From:
- Department for Work and Pensions
- Part of:
- ESF case studies: 2007 to 2013 programme, Employment, and Poverty and social justice
- Published:
- 15 May 2014
How education and training helps low-skilled people improve their career prospects and benefit their employer.
|ESF funding
|Non-CFO: Convergence Higher Education and Higher Level Skills
|ESF target group
|Lower skilled workers
The European Social Fund (ESF) Raising Aspirations project (RAP) helps low-skilled people, particularly women, develop their careers through learning and training. Plymouth University runs the project with partners, including Cornwall College.
At the Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, 22 lower-paid employees have successfully completed a higher education module through Cornwall College.
Improving career prospects
Cornwall College and unionlearn – the learning and skills organisation of the TUC – provided a 4-hour RAP funded Get Ready 4 Learning session for lower-paid employees of the Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust. It gave them the opportunity to find out if they were ready for higher education. Feedback from the sessions was positive and 26 participants went on to a Plymouth University accredited course in 'Psychology of change and development' or 'Leadership and management'.
At the end of the courses, 22 of the 26 passed – an 85% pass rate. Several students achieved high 2:1s and 3 obtained distinctions.
Feedback immediately afterwards was very positive including:
I loved this course and it's so good to be studying again. The tutor's enthusiasm for her subject is infectious. Thank you for giving me this opportunity!
The learning experience has changed how people see themselves and their work roles. One person recognised why so many of his colleagues found his manner off putting and has changed it. Another used what he learned to diffuse a confrontation at work. Many others said it helped them to be more empathetic and understanding towards both colleagues and patients. It improved their confidence and self-esteem and at least 3 learners are now planning further training through the Open University.
Improving morale
The Head of Learning and Development at Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust noted positive feedback from many areas of the trust and that it seems to be improving morale and changing employees' perceptions of the trust.
The success of this initiative depended on the employer, union, training provider, tutors and students working together. The students' motivation was essential to the success and this was fostered and maintained by the RAP personnel.
More information about RAP can be found on pages 10 and 11 of unionlearn's Equality Works booklet.
Read more about the European Social Fund 2007 to 2013
Document information
Published: 15 May 2014


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- toxic
I. adjective
Etymology: Late Latin toxicus, from Latin toxicum poison, from Greek toxikon arrow poison, from neuter of toxikos of a bow, from toxon bow, arrow
Date: 1664
1. containing or being poisonous material especially when capable of causing death or serious debilitation <toxic waste> <a toxic radioactive gas> <an insecticide highly toxic to birds> 2. exhibiting symptoms of infection or toxicosis <the patient became toxic two days later> 3. extremely harsh, malicious, or harmful <toxic sarcasm> • toxicity noun II. noun Date: 1890 a toxic substance — usually used in plural
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.


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Welcome to the homepage of the Electronic and Software Systems (ESS) Group.
The ESS Group undertakes research covering Electronics and Computer Science that enables advances in engineering of electronic and software systems. Our research involves the exploration and development of theoretical foundations, modelling and programming languages, engineering methods, design tools and system engineering applications covering both software and hardware.
Latest ESS News
- 28 November 2016 Developing software to aid disaster management
- 02 November 2016 Southampton on the rise amongst Best Global Universities
- 15 September 2016 Southampton to help develop software which could transform ship maintenance
- 15 September 2016 ORCHID recognised for major collaboration
- 11 July 2016 World-leading aerospace expertise showcased at Farnborough International Airshow
- 21 December 2015 Funding to help Southampton students protect the UK against cyber-attacks
- 24 November 2015 ECS students and researchers win prestigious awards from National Microelectronics Institute
- 04 June 2015 Visiting Professorship to enhance industrial experience at Southampton
- 10 March 2015 Southampton scientists win Engineering prizes for research shown in parliament
- 15 December 2014 Launch of ADVANCE marks new phase in development of cyber-physical systems


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Mulder: Miscues costly for Arizona
Oakland A's left-hander Mark Mulder's 21 wins led the
American League. His 3.45 ERA placed him seventh. He faced the Yankees in the
Division Series and Arizona in exhibitions and in interleague play. He is sharing
his views of the World Series for USA TODAY.
It should be no surprise the Yankees rallied in Game 3
of the Series. They are talented. They are champions. They've been a good team
for a long time. They know what they have to do. They aren't scoring much, but
they're usually good for just enough to win.
There were many other factors, but they won because they
had slightly better pitching. Not that Arizona's was bad. It's the playoffs.
You're going to see 2-0, 2-1, 1-0 and 3-1 games.
One of the things that stands out from the game Tuesday
is the rough night Diamondbacks catcher Damian Miller had with those fouls,
missing two and bumping a teammate so another dropped. I've never seen anything
like that in my time at the major league level.
You have to understand it's not an easy play. The wind
was swirling. There is a slope from the plate to the backstop. It can be a real
problem if you're not used to it. There was miscommunication. That can happen,
especially in Yankee Stadium where the crowd noise can seem deafening.
Some people are down on Arizona shortstop Tony Womack,
but he has played a lot of positions. That's tough to do, but there was no excuse
when he did misplay a grounder.
Brian Anderson is worth mentioning. One thing he does well
is pitch out of trouble, as he did in Game 3.
Now that Curt Schilling started Game 4 on short rest, he's
going to be the man in Game 7, if it comes to that. It's a tough task if you
are not at all used to it. All of a sudden your routine changes. You might not
be as strong. There is a reason it is done so seldom.
I said when the Yankees had the errors in Game 1 they would
get better and that games like that can happen to anyone. That's the case with
Arizona now. They won't have a game like (Game 3) again.
With Rod Beaton


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Helen sat in front of her make-up mirror brushing her hair. She was admired for her strength and her bravery. She faced every situation with the utmost confidence and skill. She never let her enemies see her doubt herself. She could make the decision that others could not. And because of this she was successful in everything she did. What she hid was how much she hurt. She had loved and lost more than anyone should have been allowed. After the death of Ashley she vowed to herself that no one would ever be that close to her again.
A thin lined formed on her lips. She leaned closer to the mirror; putting her brush down. Her slender fingers touched her reflection. No one could see the pain and suffering she put herself through in order to get to where she was. Looking in the mirror; having to face herself was the only punishment suitable for her success and the only way she could force herself to remember the reasons she fought so hard for this. Failing for her meant that all those who died…died in vain.
Helen rose from the vanity and walked to the window. New York was beautiful, no wonder Nikola chose to hide out here. Her chest filled anticipation. She knew that the red headed Helen would not see Nikola till his funeral were she realizes that he is not himself instead some old man. And she would not meet him again till 2008, while she was in Rome.
Helen could afford the risk here in New York. She was meeting with some investors at midnight at Cooney Island. She thought about what would happen if Nikola did see her. She looked up at the sky, she thought about maybe trying to see him…but decided against it as she turned and headed out.
"Ms. Bancroft you do deliver." The man said smiling.
"As do you." Helen smiled the business trade had went smoothly.
"So when will you have the blueprints ready?" He asked looked around.
"Soon…" Helen assured him wrapping her coat closer to her body.
"Well Ms. Bancroft you know how to find me when you're ready." He replied as he nodded to the look out that they were done.
"Wait," Helen said looking at him. "Do you know Nikola Tesla…I mean where he is?"
The man stared at her. "Ah…yes he stays on the top floor of that building." The man pointed to a large building that over looked the city. "He however doesn't seem interested in love."
"He is an old friend." Helen assured him. "Thank you and I will get the prints to you soon." Helen said turning on her heels and leaving.
She cursed herself as boarded the boat that one of the look outs used to bring her there. Her heart told her to go, but fear and doubt flooded her. After her and James broke up she didn't have serious relationships. And till Nikola told her in Rome he loved her she never considered him. Not because she didn't love him but because she didn't want to love him and get burned again like she did with John. But she knew better now. He loved her really truly loved her and wanted nothing more from her than her affection. She looked at the building as it became closer. Nikola was probably awake and lonely. She battled with herself till they docked. She would not go she decided it was a bad idea.
Helen walked toward her hotel every now and then her eyes looking to the building. Helen secured her gun on her hip and began to walk again this time towards the building. She had to…her heart was threatening to burst with each step. She stopped at the building and took a deep breath. She opened the door keeping her head down she walked to the elevator.
The brief ride only gave her a moment to consider her words. 'Be brave.' She told herself as she walked to the only door in the hallway other than the one that led to the stairs. She knocked softly her heart in her throat.
The door flung open. Nikola stared shocked to see her. Helen looked at him for a moment. He was barefooted with his signature black pants. His white cotton shirt was not tucked in and his hair was a mess.
"Did I wake you?" Helen finally spoke.
Nikola looked around before letting her in. "No." This was Nikola but this was not her Nikola. The laughter in his eyes was gone. "Why are you here Helen?"
"I…was in the area." Helen said looking at the apartment.
"At one in the morning? Helen you are a horrible liar." Nikola said offering her and seat and disappearing into the kitchen area returning with two glass of wine.
"I wanted to see you." She admitted taking the glass from him.
Nikola was quiet. Too quiet. Her heart sank to the floor was he still hurting from finding out about her and James. Of course it was. Nikola sat by her.
"Your hair is lovely." He said awkwardly.
"Thank you, Nikola are you okay?" Helen asked hoping to remove the tension.
"I'm fine, just shocked to see you here Helen." He snapped.
"May I look around?" Helen asked the pressure in her chest was unbearable she needed some space between them.
Nikola nodded before finishing his glass of wine. She could feel his eyes on her as she stood and walked to the project that sat in the corner. She turned to face his direction, wasn't there anymore. She heard him in the next room. There was a small picture of her tucked under some paper in the table. He was truly heartbroken over her. She picked it up and looked at it closer.
"When did you get this?" She asked holding it to him as he entered the room again.
Nikola snatched the pictured from her, his quickness causing her to jump. "After the reporter was done with it I bought it." Nikola growled offensively feeling exposed.
Helen reached out taking it from him again and put it down her other hand stroked his face. "Nikola I'm right here."
"Only for the moment." Sorrow echoed in his voice.
She leaned into his chest kissing him. "Tonight Nikola I'm yours."


text:
Soil Acidity and Aglime
- Soil pH indicates the acidic level of a soil. A pH less than 7.0 indicates an acid soil.
- Soil acidification is a natural process that is increased by normal production practices, particularly the use of nitrogen fertilizer and manure.
- High levels of soil acidity (low soil pH) can reduce root growth, reduce nutrient availability, affect crop protectant activity.
- For most agronomic crops the soil pH should be between 6.0 and 7.0.
- A soil test determines the soil pH which indicates whether liming is required.
- The soil test also gives the exchangeable acidity of the soil. This along with optimal pH for crop growth, determines how much limestone is required to neutralize the acidity.
- Most aglime materials are calcium and/or magnesium carbonates. Burnt lime, hydrated lime, and some by-product materials are also used. Calcium sulfate (gypsum) and magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) are not liming materials.
- Lime quality is based upon the neutralizing ability as determined by its calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE) and by the speed of reaction as determined by its fineness. Calcium and magnesium content and moisture level are also important.
- Lime quality information is required by Pennsylvania law to be on the label of all aglime materials.
- Soil test lime recommendations are usually given as an amount of CCE per acre. The actual amount of material required to meet the recommendation will vary depending on actual CCE, moisture content, and depth of incorporation.
- Actual cost of liming materials is compared on the basis of an equal amount of CCE.
- Liming materials should be mixed with the soil where possible.
- Even finely ground liming materials require several months to react. Apply aglime well in advance of acid-sensitive crops to allow time for it to neutralize soil acidity.
A sound liming program will increase soil productivity and, possibly more important under current conditions, increase efficiency of other crop production inputs such as fertilizers and crop protectants.
Definition and Causes of Soil Acidity
Acid soils are defined as any soil that has a pH of less than 7.0 (neutral). Acidity is due to hydrogen (H+) ion concentrations in the soil. The higher the H+ concentration, the lower the pH. It is also important to note that a one-unit change in pH equals a ten-fold change in acidity, therefore, small changes in pH can dramatically effect the lime requirement of that soil. Soil acidity is comprised of two components: active acidity and exchangeable (reserve) acidity. Active acidity is the concentration of H+ ion in the solution phase of the soil and is measured by pH but is not a measure of the total soil acidity. The soil pH is a general indicator of whether aglime is needed to reduce the acidity. The exchangeable acidity refers to the amount of H+ ions on cation exchange sites of negatively charged clay and organic matter fractions of the soil. Soil exchangeable acidity determines the amount of aglime necessary to increase the soil pH. Therefore, soil test reports show both soil pH and exchangeable acidity and a lime recommendation based on this total acidity, as well as other factors.
Initially, each type of soil has a certain level of acidity depending upon its composition, native vegetation, and rainfall amounts, however, various factors over time cause changes in soil pH. Leaching, erosion, and crop uptake of basic cations (calcium, Ca2+; magnesium, Mg2+; potassium, K+), decay of plant residues, and plant root exudates are all means by which the soil acidity is increased. However, a common source of acidity comes from H+ ions that are released when high levels of aluminum (Al3+) in the soil react with water molecules. Acid residuals also occur from certain fertilizers.
Nitrogen sources that supply ammonium or react in the soil to produce ammonium nitrogen (e.g., ammonium nitrate, urea fertilizers, and animal manures) form acid and tend to increase soil acidity. With these reactions occurring, it is necessary to neutralize the acidity by adding lime to the soil. The approximate pounds of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) needed to neutralize the acidifying effects of one pound of nitrogen are as follows:
3 pounds for ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), urea (NH2-CO-NH2), nitrogen solutions/UAN (urea+NH4NO3+water), and anhydrous ammonium (NH3)
5.3 pounds for diammonium phosphate (DAP), [(NH4)2HPO4]
7 pounds for ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], monoammonium phosphate (MAP), [NH4H2PO4], and ammonium polyphosphate (APP)
Effects of Soil Acidity on Crop Production
For most agronomic crops, a soil pH of 6.0 to 7.0 is ideal for crop growth, however, the pH tolerance range for various crop species can vary (Figure 1). For example, legumes, as a group, and barley respond better to a pH range between 6.5 and 7.0, whereas oats can tolerate a pH of 5.5.
Figure 1. Favorable pH ranges for common crops.
However, liming soil to maintain an optimal pH improves crop production in the long run. For example, perennial legumes will respond with higher yields and stand longevity. Other management factors also need to be considered, such as soil pH effects on herbicides. Soil pH below 6.0 causes reduced activity of triazine herbicides, whereas a pH greater than 7.0 can cause carryover problems with other types of herbicides. Although liming provides some plant-nutrient value (Ca2+ or Mg2+), its greatest benefit to plant growth is by counteracting the negative effects of soil acidity which can cause several of the following problems.
Soluble metal toxicity
As the pH decreases below 5.5, the availability of aluminum and manganese (Mn) increase and may reach a point of toxicity to the plant. Excess Al3+ in the soil solution interferes with root growth and function, as well as restricting plant uptake of certain nutrients, namely, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Liming acid soils reduces the activity of Al and Mn.
Effect on phosphorus availability
Acid soils causes P to form insoluble compounds with aluminum and iron. Liming soils with low pH "dissolves" these insoluble compounds and allows P to be more available for plant uptake. However, liming soil to points beyond 7.0 causes P to form complexes with Ca or Mg, therefore, it's best to maintain the soil pH between 5.5 and 6.8 to curb these problems (see Figure 2).
Figure 2. How soil pH affects availability of plant nutrients and aluminum.
Micronutrient availability
The availability of micronutrients increases as soil pH decreases, except for molybdenum. Since micronutrients are needed by the plants in only minute quantities, plant toxicity in addition to other detrimental effects occur with excess amounts. Refer to Figure 2 for relationship between pH and nutrient availability.
Soil organisms
Microorganisms associated with nitrification (conversion of NH4+ to NO3-), require a certain soil pH range to function efficiently. Since these organisms require large amounts of Ca to perform the conversion, a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 is necessary for Ca to be available. Also, the activity of bacteria (Rhizobia species) which are responsible for nitrogen fixation in legume crops decreases when the pH drops below 6.0. In addition to less N being produced by organisms for crop utilization, microbes responsible for the breakdown of crop residues and soil organic matter are also affected by acid soils. Other microorganisms vary in their tolerance to soil pH.
Soil physical condition
Liming fine-textured soils improves the structure, and that has several positive attributes including reduced soil crusting, better emergence of small-seeded crops, and less power required for tillage operations.
Soil acidity can have an influence on certain plant pathogens (disease-causing organisms). However, pathogens vary in their tolerance to soil acidity, so no soil pH range can be recommended. Therefore, proper identification of the problem is necessary before any management tactic is utilized.
Soil Sampling
A soil test performed by a reliable laboratory provides a good estimate of the fertility status of a field. Proper soil sampling is an important first step in the testing process and should be done according to the directions with the sampling kit. Sampling techniques differ, however, for no-till situations. If the area has been in no-till corn management for two years or more, it is advisable to measure the pH of the soil surface. Since surface applications of nitrogen fertilizers and manure may acidify the upper soil layer, decreasing herbicide effectiveness and other chemical reactions, an analysis of acidity within the upper two inches of soil is necessary. Collect several representative cores less than two inches deep from the no-till area and mix thoroughly in a clean bucket. Remove a sample and measure the acidity with a simple accurate colorimetric field pH kit. If the pH of the surface soil is less than 6.2, take a standard soil sample for laboratory analysis. If the standard sample does not indicate a need for limestone and the surface pH is below 6.2, apply 2,000 pounds of calcium carbonate equivalent material. This amount of aglime should be adequate to neutralize the surface acidity.
A good liming program is based on a soil test that determines the degree of soil acidity and the correct amount of a liming material needed to neutralize that acidity. Once this amount is determined, a liming material must be selected that will economically satisfy the soil test recommendation and result in maximum, efficient production. However, before considering the necessary lime application amounts, an understanding of aglime materials, quality, and associated laws is helpful.
Aglime materials
Aglime is an agricultural liming material capable of neutralizing soil acidity, i.e., increasing soil pH. Common aglime materials and some of their important chemical properties are given in Table 1. By far the most common aglimes used in Pennsylvania (approximately 99 percent) are ground calcitic and dolomitic limestone. While they do supply essential calcium and magnesium in the process of liming, it is the carbonate, oxide, or hydroxide part of these compounds that neutralizes soil acidity. Materials such as calcium sulfate (gypsum) or magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) are not liming materials, even though they contain calcium and magnesium, because they are not capable of neutralizing soil acidity.
|Chemical formula
|Pure calcitic limestone
|Dolomitic limestone
|(Ca, Mg)CO3
|Calcium oxide; lime, burnt, lump, or unslaked lime, quicklime
|Calcium hydroxide; hydrated, slaked, or builders' lime
|Marl and shells
|Slag (various)
|Industrial by-products
Aglime quality
Not all limestone is the same. The quality of aglime varies significantly and should be an important consideration in aglime management. Four factors are most important in assessing aglime quality; chemical purity, speed of reaction, magnesium content, and moisture.
1. Chemical purity
The chemical purity of aglime determines the amount of soil acidity the material can neutralize. Chemical purity is indicated by the material's calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE): the amount of soil acidity the material can neutralize compared to pure calcium carbonate (calcitic limestone, CaCO3). The CCE is given as a percentage: a 100-percent-CCE limestone would be just as effective as pure calcitic limestone in neutralizing value; 90-percent-CCE limestone would be only 90 percent as effective; and a 109-percent-CCE limestone such as a dolomitic limestone would be 109 percent as effective. The calcium carbonate equivalent is given for each of the materials listed in Table 1. Calcium carbonate equivalent indicates only the equivalent neutralizing value of an aglime material; it says nothing about the actual calcium carbonate content of the material. For example, note that pure calcium hydroxide (hydrated or slaked lime) has a CCE of 136 percent but contains no calcium carbonate.
The CCE value of a limestone is obtained directly by dissolving a sample of the material in an acid. However, aglime analysis is often reported in different ways, such as calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) or as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). You can easily calculate the CCE value of an aglime material reported in these ways by using the conversion factors listed in Table 2. Convert the analyses to calcium carbonate and then add them up.
|Ca x 2.50 = CaCO3
|Mg x 4.17 = CaCO3
|CaO x 1.79 = CaCO3
|MgO x 2.50 = CaCO3
|MgCO3 x 1.19 = CaCO3
|Ca(OH)2 x 1.36 = CaCO3
|Ca 35% x 2.50 = 87.50%
|Mg 2% x 4.17 = 8.34%
Liming materials containing less than 50 percent CCE are mostly of components that do not contribute to the neutralizing capabilities of the material. As compared to an aglime with a higher percentage CCE value, larger amounts would be necessary to reduce soil acidity. The chemical purity of a limestone depends on the geologic formation where the material is quarried or mined and can vary considerably from quarry to quarry or even within a single quarry. This variation is a problem that producers must face in guaranteeing aglime quality.
2. Speed of reaction
The speed with which an aglime material reacts with the soil to neutralize acidity and thus increases soil pH is determined by the fineness of the material. The finer the material, the faster it will react because limestone's solubility increases as it is ground finer. Also, limestone affects only a very small volume of soil around each particle, so the finer the material, the greater the total surface area that is available to come into contact with the soil and neutralize it (assuming adequate soil mixing). Aglime should react with the soil as quickly as possible. Generally, aglime should react completely within three years. Quicker reaction may be desirable on rented ground or for shorter-season annual crops.
Aglime fineness is given as the percentage of the material that passes through sieves of specified mesh. Sieve mesh is the number of wires per inch on the sieve. The higher the number, the finer the material that will pass through.
Aglime larger than 20 mesh (about the fineness of table salt/sugar) reacts extremely slowly; little will react within two to three years. The speed of reaction increases to a practical maximum with 100-mesh material. The effect of aglime fineness on speed of reaction is shown clearly in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Effect of aglime fineness on speed of reaction.
In each case illustrated in Figure 3, sufficient aglime was applied to neutralize the soil acidity to raise the soil pH to 7.0. However, only the 100-mesh material came close to achieving that goal. Therefore, it would seem desirable to use only 100-mesh or smaller aglime. However, this decision must be balanced against the high cost of grinding limestone to finer than 100 mesh. A compromise must be reached so that the material is fine enough to be effective agronomically but still economical. A material with at least 95 percent passing through a 20-mesh sieve, 60 percent passing through a 60-mesh sieve, and 50 percent passing through a 100-mesh sieve is generally adequate. Spending extra for a finer-sized liming material would only be recommended in emergency situations where very rapid reaction is required.
3. Calcium and magnesium content
In addition to acid neutralization capabilities, lime also serves as a source of calcium and magnesium. The magnesium content of aglime is important when a soil test indicates a need for magnesium. Magnesium requirements are met most economically by applying an aglime material that contains magnesium.
The magnesium content of aglime varies considerably. Unfortunately, there is no official trade classification of limestone according to its magnesium content. Local classification schemes often create confusion. Therefore, to select the proper aglime material, you should use the actual magnesium analysis rather than a name (e.g., dolomitic lime, high-magnesium lime).
Magnesium soil-test recommendations are usually given in one of the three different ways: as pounds of Mg per acre, or as pounds of MgO per acre, or as pounds of calcium carbonate equivalent per acre with a specific Mg or MgO content. Liming materials must be labeled to indicate their percentage of Mg; however, additional information on percentage of MgO may also appear. When the recommendation and label are in different forms, a simple conversion is required. To convert Mg into MgO, multiply by 1.67; but to convert MgO into Mg, multiply by 0.602.
4. Moisture
The moisture content of an aglime does not directly affect its effectiveness. However, since lime is sold and applied by weight, including water weight, a high moisture content means less actual liming material per ton. When moisture content approaches 10 percent or more, the application rate of aglime per acre should be adjusted to ensure that the required amount of actual liming material is applied to the soil. Use the following formula to make the adjustment or refer to the example calculations section:
The Pennsylvania Lime Law
The quality of aglime sold in Pennsylvania is regulated by the state law, Agricultural Liming Materials Rules and Regulations. Since aglime quality cannot be determined by visual inspection, these regulations help to assure farmers (consumers) that they are getting what they pay for. Recently, state lime regulations were changed to keep requirements consistent with laws throughout the northeastern region of the United States. These new labeling requirements will be in full effect by September 1995. The following information is a summary of the new Agricultural Liming Materials Rules and Regulations.
1. Types
Aglime materials must be labeled according to their type (e.g., limestone, hydrated lime, burnt lime, industrial by-products or marl and shells).
2. Elemental calcium and magnesium
Aglime materials must be labeled as to the Total Calcium (Ca) and Total Magnesium (Mg) percentage by weight contained in the product. Oxide and carbonate guarantees may be stated following the elemental guarantee.
3. Fineness
The label must state the classification (fine-sized, medium-sized or coarse-sized materials) of the product and the minimum percentages by weight passing through the US standard 20-, 60-, and 100-mesh sieve. The classification must meet the minimum standards outlined by regulation. (certain special limestone materials for lawn and garden have different quality standards). The following outlines the three groups based on fineness for agronomic liming materials:
Fine-sized materials
95% through a 20-mesh sieve
60% through a 60-mesh sieve
50% through a 100-mesh sieve
Medium-sized materials
90% through a 20-mesh sieve
50% through a 60-mesh sieve
30% through a 100-mesh sieve
Coarse-sized materials All liming materials that fail to meet one of the above minimums for fineness.
The label must state the minimum CCE value of the aglime material.
5. Effective neutralizing value (ENV)
The label must state the minimum ENV of the aglime material. [The ENV is a relative value that expresses soil acidity neutralizing capabilities of a liming material and is determined by using the calcium and magnesium oxide content and fineness. ENV is not utilized in Pennsylvania, but it is used by some other states of the region. The term is similar to "effective neutralizing power" (ENP)].
6. Moisture
The label must state the maximum moisture content by weight of the material. A tolerance of 10 percent of the guarantee is set for moisture greater than what is stated on the label.
7. Dry-weight analysis
The guarantees for elemental Ca and Mg, CCE, and ENV must appear on the label under the heading: "Guaranteed Dry Weight Analysis." If oxides and carbonates are guaranteed they should follow the elemental guarantee.
8. Tolerances
A tolerance of 2 percent of the guarantee is allowed for the guaranteed minimum CCE value and minimum fineness value. All other guarantees are allowed a 10-percent tolerance range.
Soil Test Aglime Recommendations
Liming an acid soil to an optimal range is the initial step in creating favorable soil conditions for productive plant growth. The lime recommendation on the soil test report is based on the amount of exchangeable acidity (or exchange- able H+) measured by the lime requirement soil test and the optimum soil pH for the crop. For a desired pH of 7.0, the lime requirement can be estimated as follows:
Lime requirement = exchangeable acidity × 1,000
For a desired pH 6.5, the lime requirement is estimated as follows:
If the exchangeable acidity is greater than 4.0, then:
Lime requirement = exchangeable acidity × 840
If the exchangeable acidity is less than 4.0 and the soil pH is still less than 6.5, then:
Lime requirement = 2,000 lb/A
Otherwise, no lime is required.
Soil test recommendations should take into account that aglime quality varies significantly. Most soil test recommendations for aglime are based on 100 percent calcium carbonate equivalent acid neutralizing ability, as well as based on liming an acre-furrow slice approximately seven inches deep. The Penn State aglime recommendations are given as pounds of calcium carbonate equivalent per acre. Thus, you must adjust the recommendation when using an aglime material with a CCE different from 100 percent CCE. The following formula is used to calculate the adjusted amount of an aglime material needed to meet the soil test recommendation:
Refer to the example calculations section for a detailed example.
This adjusted recommendation can be calculated from this formula or read directly from Table 3. The Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory at Penn State includes a copy of this formula and table as part of the recommendations with each soil test.
Table 3. Liming material conversion.
Find your soil test limestone recommendation in the left-hand column and then read across the table on that line until you come to the column headed by the percentage CCE nearest to that of your liming material. The number at that point is the pounds of liming material required to meet the limestone recommendation on your soil test.
Because there is generally little advantage in applying more than 8,000 pounds of CCE per acre in any one application to agricultural land, this table is divided into three sections suggesting how the total liming material required can be split for more efficient use. Separate the applications by six months or at least by tillage operations (see the right-hand column). In no-till, the recommended aglime can be applied in smaller, more frequent applications.
The soil test recommendation assumes that the agliming material meets the minimum standard requirements for fine-sized liming materials specified in the lime law.
If the aglime material will be incorporated with a large volume of soil (i.e., if the plow depth is more than nine inches), the recommendation is adjusted according to the following formula:
or one can use the guidelines that follow:
|Plow depth
|Adjusted aglime requirement
|Less than 9 inches
|No adjustment
|9 to 11 inches
|Basic requirement × 1.5
|More than 12 inches
|Basic requirement × 1.8
Example Calculations for Adjusting Aglime Materials
- Soil test recommendation:
Limestone — apply 6,000 pounds of calcium carbonate equivalent per acre.
- Information known:
Calcium carbonate equivalent of aglime material = 90%
Moisture content of aglime material = 15%
Incorporate to 10 inches
- Adjusting material to recommended percentage of CCE example:
- Moisture adjustment example:
- Adjusting for incorporation with large soil volume example:
In this example, after all the adjustments were made, a total of 11,300 pounds per acre would be necessary to neutralize the soil acidity. Since the requirement is a large quantity, it would be best to use split-applications at two different time periods approximately six months apart or by tillage operations. Smaller, more frequent applications are suitable for no-till situations. Notice that by incorporating the lime to depth greater than seven inches causes an increase of over 1 ½-times the original lime requirement. Therefore, be sure that your plow depth is accurate and that overapplication of aglime will not occur.
Example Calculations for Comparing Aglime Materials
To compare aglime materials, convert the materials to "per ton of CCE" and then compare the total cost per ton of CCE. Keep in mind that the material must meet the minimum fineness requirements. As long as these minimums are met, fineness would not be a major consideration except in an emergency that requires extremely rapid reaction. Following is an example comparing three liming materials:
In this example, material B would be the best buy.
Prepared by Douglas B. Beegle, professor of agronomy and Dwight D. Lingenfelter, extension assistant.
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TitleSoil Acidity and Aglime
SeriesAgronomy Facts 3
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- Distinguished Professor of Agronomy
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