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User fee exemptions and equity in access to caesarean sections: an analysis of patient survey data in Mali
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Little rigorous evidence exists on how health service utilization varies across socioeconomic groups after a user fee exemption policy has been implemented, and the evidence that does exist is mixed. In this paper, we estimate the distribution of caesarean section deliveries across socioeconomic groups following Mali's implementation of a fee exemption policy for caesareans in 2005.
We conducted a patient survey in 2010 to collect socioeconomic data from 2,477 women who had caesareans in a representative sample of 25 facilities across all regions of Mali. We used these data along with data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey to construct a wealth index and classify women into population-based wealth groupings. We compared the wealth distribution of women delivering via caesarean section to that of a nationally representative sample of women giving birth.
We found that wealthier women make up a disproportionate share of those having free caesareans, five years after implementation of the fee exemption policy. Women in the richest two quintiles accounted for 58 percent of all caesareans, while women in the poorest two quintiles accounted for 27 percent of all caesareans. Fewer women in the poorest two-fifths of the population are receiving caesareans than what we would expect given their share in the population of women giving birth.
While fee exemptions remove important financial barriers to accessing priority maternal health services, they are insufficient to ensure equal access among wealth groups.
KeywordsUser fees Equity Caesarean sections Mali Access
Demographic and Health Survey
United States Agency for International Development
World Health Organization.
In the late 1980s, many countries in Africa introduced user fees in public sector health facilities as a way for under-resourced facilities to secure the financing needed to provide basic health care. User fees are nominal out-of-pocket charges for health services and are meant to provide revenue to procure drugs and pay for items such as fuel for emergency transport or cleaning supplies. In recent years, user fee policies have come under high scrutiny. Fees have been increasingly regarded as a prohibitive barrier to access, especially access to essential services among poor populations who often choose to delay or forgo seeking care to prevent further impoverishment [1, 2].
Consequently, some countries have abolished user fees for a number of preventive health services (for example, South Africa in 1994, Ghana in 1996 and 2008, Uganda in 2001, Mali in 2005, Zambia and Burundi in 2006, Burkina Faso in 2006, and Benin in 2009). Many studies have shown that overall utilization of services increased following the reduction or removal of user fees [1, 3, 4, 5]. However, little rigorous evidence exists on how utilization of services varies across socioeconomic groups after a fee exemption policy has been implemented, and the evidence that does exist is mixed. In Uganda, fee exemptions appear to have increased utilization of outpatient services among the poor [3], whereas exemptions in southeast Nigeria were shown to have mostly benefited richer households [6]. A detailed review of available research on user fees [1] concluded that utilization of fee-exempt health services among the poor is limited by additional constraints such as informational, geographical, and cultural barriers to care.
In this paper, we estimate the distribution of caesarean section deliveries across socioeconomic groups in Mali five years following the introduction of a fee exemption policy. Using a methodology adapted from Pitchforth et al. [7], we measure the distribution of women delivering via caesarean sections across socioeconomic groups and compare this to the distribution of all women giving birth. Our results provide evidence that fee exemptions alone are not sufficient to achieve equity in use of caesarean section deliveries across socioeconomic groups.
The caesarean section fee exemption policy in Mali
The maternal mortality ratio in Mali is among the highest in the world (464 per 100,000 live births) [8] and access to maternal health services is low, especially in rural areas. Skilled birth attendance and lifesaving obstetric procedures such as caesarean sections are considered critical interventions for safe motherhood, as they allow a timely response to potentially fatal emergencies [9, 10]. The affordability of obstetric care thus has large implications for maternal and neonatal survival and well-being through its effect on access to care at delivery.
In Mali, population-based caesarean rates in 2005 were estimated at less than 1.6 percent of births [8], well below the 5 to 15 percent range considered essential for safe motherhood by the World Health Organization (WHO) [11]. To address this large unmet need for emergency obstetric care, the government of Mali in 2005 removed user fees for caesarean sections in public sector facilities throughout all regions of the country. Community health clinics or health posts are the individual's first level of contact with the health system in Mali. These clinics only perform normal deliveries. Caesarean sections are performed in health centers and regional hospitals located at the district level, and in large hospitals in the capital city, Bamako. The exemption policy removed charges to patients for the direct costs of the caesarean procedure, including for pre-operative examinations, surgery, post-operative treatment, and laboratory tests. User fees are still charged for normal deliveries and antenatal care at health facilities.
The initiative received widespread support inside Mali, with high expectations for reducing maternal mortality. The average price to a patient of a caesarean section, which ranged between FCFA 47,400 and FCFA 68,000 pre-policy (approximately US$ 95–136), was significantly reduced to FCFA 400 – 4,800 (or approximately US$ 0.8-10) [12, 13, 14, 15]. Since then, caesarean rates in Mali have been steadily rising in all regions of the country – from an estimated 1.9% in 2006 to 2.3% in 2009 according to the Health Management Information System in Mali [16]. This increase in utilization is in line with experiences in other countries that have implemented fee exemptions for preventive or curative health care services [2, 3, 4, 5, 17]. The proportion of caesarean procedures that resulted in maternal and neonatal deaths also declined, possibly because delays in initiating surgery were reduced with the introduction of the policy [16].
We conducted a facility-based patient survey in 2010 in a nationally representative sample of 16 public sector health centers and 9 hospitals that offer caesarean services. The survey collected data on a small set of demographic and socioeconomic variables from 2,477 women who had caesareans in these facilities over an 8-month period. We then constructed a wealth index for each patient in the survey using a set of household asset variables. Next, we used data from the most recent (2006) Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Mali to classify these caesarean patients into population-based wealth groupings. Finally, we compared the wealth distribution of caesarean patients to that of all women giving birth in the population.
The 2010 patient survey
To select the sample of health facilities for the patient survey, we first stratified all public sector health centers that perform caesareans by region. In each of the eight regions in Mali and the District of Bamako, we further stratified facilities into two groups: those with caesarean rates above the median for the region (as of 2008) and those below the median for the region. We then randomly selected one health center from each group (n = 16). At the time of the sampling design, none of the health centers in the northeastern region of Kidal had registered any caesarean procedure, so we did not select a center from this region. We also included with certainty the regional hospital in each region and one tertiary hospital in Bamako (n = 9). The final sample size was 25 facilities. During an 8-month period (February – September 2010), we surveyed every woman who had a caesarean procedure in the 25 sampled facilities and completed 2,477 interviews. Three women refused to participate in the survey.
The sample was limited to public sector facilities, as the caesarean policy was only implemented in public facilities and only 2.4 percent of all deliveries in Mali occur in private facilities [8]. Most deliveries either take place at home or in a public facility.
Since every woman who had a caesarean in a sampled facility was included in the survey, respondents in the same facility were assigned the same sampling weight. Sampling weights were calculated as the inverse of the probability of a facility being selected into the sample and were adjusted by the size of each facility (in terms of the number of deliveries per year). Since only three women refused to participate in the survey, no non-response adjustment was made.
The research protocol and survey instrument were approved by the Abt Associates Institutional Review Board and the national ethics committee in Mali (known as the Comité National d'Ethique pour la Santé et les Sciences de la Vie). Every person associated with the study (data collection, translation, information handling) signed a confidentiality agreement to maintain confidentiality and anonymity of the data. All interviewees were asked to provide verbal consent before participating and were free to decline to participate. The questionnaire asked for basic information about the patient such as her age and number of children, as well as selected indicators of household asset ownership. These included the main floor material of her dwelling, source of drinking water, type of cooking fuel used, whether the household owns a bicycle, and whether the household owns a television.
The 2006 DHS
The most recent publicly-available standard DHS for Mali was conducted in 2006, with data reported around the same time as the caesarean policy was introduced. The individual female dataset includes a nationally representative sample of 14,383 women of reproductive age [18]. It includes a range of indicators on maternal health as well as indicators on household ownership of assets that are aggregated to form a wealth index. Wealth is proxied by household ownership of selected assets that vary across income groups [19]. Following Filmer and Pritchett [20], the DHS uses Principal Component Analysis to assign weights and aggregate these asset variables into a wealth index. Households are then assigned to equally-sized quintiles ranging from the poorest to the wealthiest. The wealth index from the DHS served as the "gold standard" population wealth index for our analysis.
Creating a 'proxy' wealth index in the DHS
We adapted a methodology first published by Pitchforth et al. in 2007 [7] that aimed to facilitate rapid collection of socioeconomic data from exiting patients. The authors developed an approach to calculate a wealth index using a small number of indicators collected at the facility level [7]. Using the individual female dataset of the Mali DHS, we identified the subset of five variables used in constructing the full DHS wealth index that showed the greatest variation across wealth quintiles in that survey. We regressed the full DHS wealth index (constructed using 12 variables) on dummies for the five selected variables. The fitted values from this regression constituted our "proxy" wealth index. The regression had an R2 value of 0.8, indicating that the five selected variables explained 80 percent of the variability in the full DHS wealth index. Next, we used the proxy wealth index to rank women in the DHS sample, grouped them into quintiles, and identified cutoff values of the proxy index for each quintile.
Creating a wealth index in the 2010 patient survey
Questions about these five selected assets were included in our patient survey of post-caesarean women. Unlike Pitchforth et al. who used researcher-assigned weights for the assets in their patient survey, we used the estimated coefficients from the DHS regression described above as weights to construct a comparable wealth index. We then used the cutoff values from the DHS proxy index to classify our caesarean survey respondents into nationally representative wealth quintiles.
Comparing distributions
We compare the wealth distribution of the caesarean sample (2010 patient survey) to that of the most recent sample of deliveries (2006 DHS). We computed the ratio of the share of caesarean to that of deliveries in each wealth group to highlight any disparities between the two distributions. We calculated standard errors for the ratios and report confidence intervals at the 95% level.
Sensitivity checks
Including only five asset variables in a wealth index may limit the ability of the index to discriminate finely among individuals with similar wealth status. We therefore performed checks to test the sensitivity of the results to different values of the cutoff points that classify women into wealth groups. We used the cumulative distribution of the proxy index in the larger population-based DHS dataset to identify "natural" cutoff points that occur around peak values of the index, and compared the distribution of deliveries and caesareans based on these new wealth groupings.
Given the availability of health facilities, qualified staff, and transportation, access to health services in Bamako is typically higher than in other regions. Furthermore, the DHS wealth index does not reflect much socioeconomic variation for Bamako as it categorizes approximately 97 percent of residents of Bamako as being among the richest 40 percent of the population. Data on additional asset variables that would make it possible to capture wealth variations within Bamako were not collected in the 2006 DHS, and thus not collected in our patient survey. To exclude the possibility of Bamako driving the main results, we reanalyzed the data excluding Bamako from the sample.
Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics in two study samples
2010 patient survey (sample of caesareans)
2006 DHS survey (sample of deliveries)
Education level
Higher education
Main floor material
Other (tile, parquet)
Main fuel source
Electricity, LPG
Drinking water source
Unprotected well
Protected well
Piped to yard/plot
Piped into dwelling
Public tap/standpipe
Own television
Own bicycle
Wealth distribution of deliveries and caesareans
Wealth groups*
Column A: 2006 DHS survey (sample of deliveries)
Column B: 2010 patient survey (sample of caesareans)
Ratio of column B to column A [95% CI]**
Richest 40%
1.67 [1.43-1.91]
Middle 20%
0.75 [0.61-0.89]
Poorest 40%
0.59 [0.47-0.71]
Sensitivity checks
We performed checks to test the sensitivity of the results to different values of the cutoff points that classify women into wealth groups. We used the cumulative distribution of the proxy index in the larger population-based DHS dataset and identified four "natural" groupings with cutoff points at the cumulative sums of 14, 27, and 60 percent of the index's distribution. We compared the distribution of deliveries and caesareans based on these new wealth groupings and found similar results: the distribution of caesareans was consistently skewed to the wealthier group.
Wealth distribution of deliveries and caesareans, excluding bamako
Wealth groups
Column A: 2006 DHS survey (sample of deliveries)
Column B: 2010 patient survey (sample of caesareans)
Ratio of column B to column A [95% CI]**
Richest 40%
1.76 [1.45-2.07]
Middle 20%
0.82 [0.66-0.98]
Poorest 40%
0.66 [0.56-0.76]
In this study we used an innovative method to estimate the socioeconomic distribution of women having caesareans five years after implementation of a user fee exemption policy. The results of the analysis show that wealthier women in Mali make up a disproportionate share of those having free caesareans. It is important to note that it is not the purpose of this paper to evaluate the extent to which the caesarean fee exemption policy has improved equity in access to caesarean sections; data necessary to answer this question do not exist. Rather, the paper is concerned with examining whether substantial inequalities in access to an essential health service persist, despite the presence of a policy primarily instituted to remove a significant access barrier among the poor.
Our findings are consistent with the results of a larger qualitative study [16] that details the challenges of policy implementation and the community's perceptions of remaining barriers to caesarean access. That study found that transportation costs and difficult road conditions are seen as significant barriers to reaching facilities and accessing caesarean services. Transport costs are typically most prohibitive among the poorer wealth groups who are more likely to live in remote rural areas and have limited access to a health facility. At the same time, user fees are still charged for normal deliveries, thus wealthier women who can afford to go to a health facility in expectation of a normal delivery are more likely to have access to a caesarean should complications arise during labor. Poor women delivering at home face transportation barriers that limit their access to facility-based services. In addition, it appears that supply-side constraints may have further reduced access among the poorest women. Health care providers reported that the government-provided caesarean kits were frequently incomplete or contained expired medicines [16]. Wealthier households can afford to pay for any extra medication needed and are thus more likely to have access to the service. The qualitative study also found that cultural factors are associated with low utilization of facility-based maternal health services. Illiteracy and low awareness of the benefits of medically-assisted deliveries, typically more common among low-income women, continue to correlate with home-based deliveries. Finally, antenatal care services were not exempted from user fees in Mali. As a result, wealthier women who receive more antenatal care [8] may have been more likely to learn about the caesarean policy during their visits than other women were.
This study provides evidence that inequalities in access to services across wealth groups persist despite the presence of fee exemption policies that were primarily implemented to remove a prohibitive financial barrier. It is plausible and even likely, however, that access among the poor improved from an even more inequitable baseline distribution as a result of the policy. The lack of a comparable dataset prior to policy implementation does not allow further exploration of this hypothesis.
Our study has a number of limitations. First, the caesarean data and the data on deliveries were collected four years apart, which could introduce some bias if the population's wealth improved greatly during that time period. The 2006 DHS dataset, however, is the most recent dataset available that shows the distribution of deliveries across socioeconomic groups. In the absence of other data and until the next standard DHS results are released, the approach proposed in this study produces useful information for researchers and policymakers. Second, including only five asset variables in a wealth index limits the ability of the index to discriminate finely among individuals with similar wealth status. We primarily selected a limited number of variables in order to facilitate quick survey administration to patients in health facilities. However, the high R2 value in the regression of the DHS wealth index on these five asset variables and the sensitivity checks we conducted give us confidence that the index captures the bulk of the variability of the more comprehensive DHS index.
When several African countries decided to remove user fees for high-priority health services in recent years, the policies were perceived as a step that could reduce prohibitive financial barriers and encourage service utilization among previously excluded populations. Indeed, it is encouraging that caesarean sections rates in Mali appear to have increased since the introduction of the policy. However, this study indicates that wealthier women make up a disproportionate share of those having free caesareans. While fee exemptions remove important treatment-related financial barriers, other barriers – both financial and non-financial – still persist for poor women in Mali. Unless simultaneously and directly addressed, these barriers will impede realizing the full potential of the policy. In addition, careful planning is needed to ensure that the government can continue to prioritize these subsidies, especially as population uptake continues to increase.
The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of all who provided advice on the study design, supported the data collection, and commented on the results and earlier drafts of this manuscript. We especially would like to thank Aneesa Arur, Carlos Avila, Alison Comfort, Arin Dutta, Binta Keita, Stephen Kennedy, Jacob Klerman, Ha Nguyen, Lisa Nichols, Bill Rhodes, K.P. Srinath, and Mahamadou Traoré.
The work reported here was supported by funds from USAID through the Health Systems 20/20 Project and the Assistance Technique Nationale Plus (ATN Plus) project. Preparation of this manuscript was supported by a grant from Abt Associates Inc.
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Copyright information
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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2008/9/4 Mishra, Ajay <firstname.lastname@example.com>: > >> Hi All, >> I am working on a performance testing initiative . In >> this regard I am working with an open source tool called "Jmeter" >> which is developed completely in Java.We were able to setup a test >> using JMS and were able to "Publish / Subscribe" messages to queues. >> Now we want to simulate the same using EMS as the messaging >> infrastructure is EMS for maximum of the application. To simulate a >> JMS test we had to put the JMS.jar and an activemq.jar file in the >> 'lib' folder of Jmeter to make it work. I wanted to confirm if we are >> able to simulate a JMS test then will it also work with EMS or will we >> need something more to work with that. >> Any inoput in this regard will be of great help. You'd probably best talk to TibCo about how to get EMS to work with JMeter :) There's details of using ActiveMQ with JMeter here http://activemq.apache.org/jmeter-performance-tests.html FWIW we've also a Maven based performance testing system... http://activemq.apache.org/activemq-performance-module-users-manual.html Or you could use SpecJMS http://www.spec.org/jms2007/ -- James ------- http://macstrac.blogspot.com/ Open Source Integration http://open.iona.com
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- 2 hours on the farm
- For more than 12 guests add $5 per child (s'mores and craft) and $60 for additional pony
$300 | Party includes:
- Choice of any two sports offered at Earthbound (basketball, beach-volleyball, floor hockey or soccer)
- Sports Pro will be present at the party to lead the games!
- Paint your own team jersey! (Optional – $10 per child)
- 2 hours on the farm
- up to 20 guests
Visit the Earthbound Agri-zone and meet our friendly farm animals and experience the tastes and flavours of our field to table garden.
$375 | Party includes:
- Garden tour; along with a tasting/craft activity or Pony rides (up to 12 kids)
- A tour of our animal petting areas, with chance to learn about alpacas, goats, sheep, pigs
- Hands-on, interactive experience with our small animals; bunnies, guinea pigs
- Hay-wagon ride around the Earthbound tree farm
- 2 hours on the farm
- For more than 12 guests add $5 per child and $60 for additional pony
Activities will be lead by one of Earthbound's knowledgeable farm staff. Activities can be modified to suit younger birthday children.


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Fatherhood, Leadership, and Random ideas
Monday, March 19, 2007
And... 25!
It has been a tradition in my paperback journals that I begin a new chapter on a special occasion, be it an anniversary, a birthday...
It was my 25th Birthday last Sunday, so now I'm beginning a new "chapter" of my blogging on a different server! Moved to Blogger folks! Haha!
[...Click to Read more...]
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Family Law
Family Law Questions? Ask a Family Lawyer Online.
The mother and father are not a couple but the father persists with anger that the baby should have his last name and has become very unkind with the mother over this matter. Please tell me your impression and opinion of the fathers behavior.


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In order to receive information about your Personal Data, the purposes and the parties the Data is shared with, contact the Owner.
If you need more information and are willing to understand your rights, you can also view the complete version of this privacy policy, by clicking the link at the bottom of this page.
Larisa Smirnova and Vladimir Alekseevich Smirnov, Rue du Port 34, Menton, France, firstname.lastname@example.com


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Crazy (2007)
The country-music biopic Crazy (2007) stars Waylon Pane as legendary guitar picker Hank Garland, along with dreamy Heroes blonde Ali Larter as his sexily suffering wife, Evelyn Garland. Various other actors portray music giants such as Hank Williams, Roy Orbison, and Patsy Cline in a captivating tale of show business highs and lows. One insanely sexy high point is Ali exposing her heroically hot hooters. You'd be crazy to miss those delicious mammaries.Join Mr. Skin for the full review >>


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Apparently the method doesn't work for checkboxes?Asked by docvadi on August 14, 2015 at 09:27 AM
Apparently the method doesn't work for checkboxes? I tried the link you generated above in the checkbox section but the form showed up blank.
This is a re-post of a comment on Prepopulating Fields to Your JotForm via URL Parameters
Multiple checkboxes in a group cannot be prepopulated as the name is similar and this causes conflicts in prepopulation, you can only prepopulate using only one value at a time i.e
http://form.jotformpro.com/form/52254399730965?test=Option 2 (this option will work)
http://form.jotformpro.com/form/52254399730965?test=Option 2 & test=Option 3 (this will fail)


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Oval Micropave Silver Genuine Diamond Ring 0.57 CTW
Item # JFG60566
Turn heads all day with this impressive genuine diamond ring. This ring is 100% real at an affordable price. It is made out of genuine 925 silver with rhodium white gold finish. All stones are genuine diamonds, set by hand in micropave prong setting. Save hundreds off the jewelry store price when you shop direct from the source here at JewelryFresh. Order yours today!
Note: This ring is a sz 10. You can size it locally at a jewelry repair shop if necessary
- Genuine Diamonds
- 925 Sterling Silver (Rhodium Plated)
- 925 Hallmark
- 15mm Wide
- 0.57 Carat I-J Color SI2 - I Clarity
- 6.2g Weight


text: 7. NIKE ( NKE) is a footwear and apparel giant engaged in the design, development and marketing of footwear, apparel, equipment and other consumer accessories. NIKE sells athletic footwear and athletic apparel through retail accounts, retail stores, Internet sales, and through a mix of independent distributors and licensees worldwide. Of the 23 analysts covering the stock, 65% recommend a buy and the rest rate a hold. Its average 12-month price target is $100.58, up 21.1% from the current price, as per a Bloomberg consensus. For the first quarter of 2012, the athletic shoemaker reported 18% surge in revenue to $6.1 billion. Net income grew 15% to $645 million, while diluted earnings per share rose 19% to $1.36. At the end of the quarter, worldwide futures orders for the NIKE brand athletic footwear and apparel, scheduled for delivery from Sep. 2011 through Jan. 2012 totaled $8.5 billion, indicating 16% growth from the same period last year. NIKE recently announced the launch of its venture capital arm Sustainable Business & Innovation Lab to invest in start-ups in renewable energy, efficient manufacturing and healthy lifestyles. For fiscal 2012, sales are forecast to rise as demand strengthens in North America. Revenue for the year is now seen increasing in the low- to mid-teen percentage range as compared to the previous range of high-single to low-double digits provided in June. Gross margins are also estimated to improve in the second half of the year. Prev 1 of 8 Next


text: A1 Telekom Austria and NSN showcase ultra-fast mobile broadband07 Jun 2013 12:58 PM Operator conducts LTE-Advanced carrier aggregation demo in Vienna powered by Nokia Siemens Networks base station hardwareA1 Telekom Austria conducted a successful demonstration of LTE-Advanced carrier aggregation today using Nokia Siemens Networks current base station hardware. The live demo, which included handling large file transfers with a simultaneous video stream, showcased download speeds of 580 megabits per second (Mbps), far more than twice the current 4G LTE peak rates.'We continue to witness exponential growth in mobile broadband traffic and ever-increasing consumer demand for higher-quality data services,' said Marcus Grausam, CTO, A1 Telekom Austria. 'To address these requirements and to lead the network evolution, we are committed to delivering the most advanced technologies.'We chose Nokia Siemens Networks as our partner here since it has very good LTE stability along with high throughputs and short latencies. Together with Nokia Siemens Networks, a forerunner in both LTE and LTE-Advanced, we offer a glimpse of what we will achieve beyond today's 4G network performance.'Carrier aggregation is a distinctive feature of LTE-Advanced that enables operators to increase transmission bandwith for LTE services by combining separated frequency bands. The benefits of this aggregation are higher peak and average data rates for an ever-faster mobile broadband experience.'The showcase of LTE carrier aggregation with A1 Telekom Austria is proof of the ongoing evolution of data speeds, and today's demonstration illustrates the commercial readiness of our products to achieve ultra-high data throughputs,' said Peter Wukowits, head of subregion East, Nokia Siemens Networks. 'Our valued and long-standing collaboration with A1 Telekom Austria includes the deployment of 4G LTE networks, and it is very exciting to now prove the potential of LTE-Advanced together with A1.'To enable the demonstration, Nokia Siemens Networks provided its high-capacity Flexi Multiradio 10 Base Station. The BTS makes commercial implementation readily achievable as it allows LTE-Advanced carrier aggregation to be implemented by a simple software upgrade.Wireless magazineLeave a CommentPlease write code to prove you're humanMore on... LTE GeneralMWC17: Zyxel to debut new LTE and Wi-Fi indoor gatewayHuawei, Vodafone and Qualcomm create LAA ready networkNokia demos live private LTE network over CBRS shared spectrumLatest in LTEMWC17: Zyxel to debut new LTE and Wi-Fi indoor gatewayHuawei, Vodafone and Qualcomm create LAA ready networkNokia demos live private LTE network over CBRS shared spectrum


text: Craftsman (K-Gro) 18/42 lawn tractor with strong running 18hp Briggs twin and 6 spd. transmission. Runs good and drives. Needs battery, drive belt, tires, and deck belt to be mow ready. Mfg. by Craftsman/AYP for K-mart. Craftsman LT-11/38 with no engine and 4 spd tranny. Good clutch assy. that will interchange with the above mower, 3 good tires, good wiring harness. I am asking $150 OBO for both. Cleaning out the last of the cheap mowers as I am a John Deere man.


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RAM Posts - Page 1
G.SKILL launches quad-channel DDR4-4200 kits for X299
G.SKILL just don't stop with their lust for taking over the RAM market, announcing their new quad-channel DDR4 kit designed for Intel's next-gen Skylake-X CPUs and the new X299 platform.
We now have G.SKILL's latest flagship 64GB Trident Z DDR4-4200 in quad-channel with 4 x 16GB DIMMs, while there's a dual-channel Trident Z DDR4-4400 Black series, ready for the new Kaby Lake-X processors. Samsung is providing their 20nm 8Gb DDR4 DRAM modules, available in 3600, 3733, 3800, 4000, and 4200MHz, with voltages from 1.35V to 1.4V.
The faster Trident Z kits have higher latencies of up to CL19 on DDR4-4200, while the slower kits will have their latencies at CL16. G.SKILL loves RGB LEDs, so there are two variants of X299 ready DDR4: Trident Z, and Trident Z RGB.
Continue reading 'G.SKILL launches quad-channel DDR4-4200 kits for X299' (full post)
G.Skill TridentZ DDR4 hits 5.5GHz with Core i7-7740K CPU
G.SKILL are constantly pushing the boundaries of what's possible with DDR4 overclocking, so it comes as no surprise that they've hit a massive milestone: 5.5GHz on DDR4.
The new 5.5GHz barrier was reached with Intel's fresh X299 chipset and their new Core i7-7740K processor, with G.SKILL's TridentZ DDR4 RAM, with the MSI X299 Gaming Pro Carbon AC motherboard used by Taiwanese overclocker Toppc. The RAM in question used Samsung's impressive 8Gb ICs which were pushed to their limits, with Toppc hitting 5GHz on a Skylake-based Core i5-6600K last year.
G.SKILL Corporate Vice President Tequila Huang said: "DDR4 5.5GHz has been our next target after we achieved DDR4 5GHz last year. We are extremely excited to finally make it happen together with Samsung components, MSI X299 motherboard, and Intel Core X-series processor. We are seeing amazing overclocking potential for these newly released hardware and we believe that more overclocking benchmark records will be achieved very soon by professional overclockers worldwide".
G.SKILL RAM breaks 5.5GHz DDR4 memory barrier
Overclockers have now pushed G.SKILL's high-performance RAM to the 5.5GHz barrier, setting a new world record for highest DDR4 RAM frequency speeds.
G.SKILL today announced that renowned Taiwanese overclocker Toppc has pushed its premium DDR4 RAM to 5.5GHz with liquid nitrogen cooling. Toppc and G.SKILL now hold the world record for DDR4 RAM speeds and the milestone has been validated by HWBOT.
"DDR4 5.5GHz has been our next target after we achieved DDR4 5GHz last year. We are extremely excited to finally make it happen together with Samsung components, MSI X299 motherboard, and Intel Core X-series processor," says Tequila Huang, Corporate Vice President, G.SKILL International. "We are seeing amazing overclocking potential for these newly released hardware and we believe that more overclocking benchmark records will be achieved very soon by professional overclockers worldwide."
Continue reading 'G.SKILL RAM breaks 5.5GHz DDR4 memory barrier' (full post)
G.SKILL's 16GB DDR4 RAM hits 4800MHz with Intel Core X
Computex 2017 - G.SKILL today announced a high-speed memory breakthrough at the showfloor in Taipei, Taiwan by hitting DDR4-4800 speeds with its 16GB TridentZ kits--and breaking the DDR4-4000 threshold with its RGB memory.
Armed with Intel's new high-end Core X series of processors and X299 chipset motherboards, G.SKILL was able to push its 16GB (8GB x 2) DDR4 kits to an amazing 4800MHz with CL19-19- 19-39 timings. This inches G.SKILL even closer to the DDR4-5000 mark without liquid nitrogen cooling. The demo leveraged an Intel Core X-Series processor and a ASRock X299 OC Formula motherboard.
G.SKILL also pushed its new RGB memory beyond DDR4-4000, too: the company pushed its ultra-high capacity 64GB (8GB x 8) Trident Z RGB DDR4 RAM kit to an impressive DDR4-4200MHz with CL19-21-21-41 timings, again using Intel's new Core X-Series processors and an ASUS Prime X299-Deluxe motherboard.
Continue reading 'G.SKILL's 16GB DDR4 RAM hits 4800MHz with Intel Core X' (full post)
G.SKILL Trident Z DDR4-4800 on Intel's new X299 chipset
Computex 2017 - G.SKILL continues to push RAM boundaries all the time, and Computex 2017 is a show where they like to show off - and this year was no different.
The company displayed their Trident Z DDR4-4800MHz CL19 RAM in a 16GB kit (2 x 8GB) with timings of CL19-19-19-39, all running on Intel's balls-to-the-wall Core X-Series processors, with the CPU and RAM placed into an ASRock X299 OC Formula motherboard.
HyperX reveals 16GB Predator DDR4 4000MHz RAM kits
Computex 2017 - At the latest Computex showcase in Taipei, Taiwan, HyperX today announced the expansion of its Predator DDR4 RAM to 4,000MHz.
HyperX's new high-density Predator DDR4-4000 RAM is available in 16GB kits (2 x 8GB modules) with CL19 timings. The company also expanded its Predator DDR4 128GB kits (8 x 16GB modules) to include 3,000MHz frequencies with CL15 timings. For reference, single HyperX Predator DDR4 modules are available in 8GB and 16GB capacities, with kits of 2, 4 and 8 modules with capacities varying from 8GB to 1280GB.
Furthermore, HyperX has now divided its memory line into two simplified types: its FURY system memory line is aimed for PC users "looking for simplicity in overclocking", whereas its premium Predator XMP memory is aimed at "giving PC builders the best performance."
Continue reading 'HyperX reveals 16GB Predator DDR4 4000MHz RAM kits' (full post)
G.SKILL reveals DDR4-4333MHz 16GB RAM kits
G.SKILL today announced the latest kit in its premium enthusiast-grade Trident Z memory, and also teases some blazing-fast DDR4-4500 RAM as well.
G.SKILL beats its competitors to the market with the first 16GB DDR4-4333 memory kit. The new Trident Z kit features two 8GB DDR4 modules clocked at 4333MHz frequency, with CL-19-19-39 timings and 1.40V of charge.
The memory-maker also teased performance of its upcoming 16GB (8GB x 2) DDR4-4500MHz kits with CL-19-19-39 timings, benching them on Intel's Z270 platform on an ASUS ROG Maximus IX Apex motherboard alongside an Intel Core i5-7600K CPU. "The tested bandwidth resulted in 55GB/s read speed, 65GB/s write speed, and 52GB/s copy speed under dual channel mode," G.SKILL revealed in its latest press release.
Continue reading 'G.SKILL reveals DDR4-4333MHz 16GB RAM kits' (full post)
G.SKILL reveals TridentZ RGB 128GB DDR4-3333 kits
G.SKILL today announced a new ultra high-capacity 128GB kit of its extreme enthusiast-grade TridentZ RAM that's outfitted with RGB LEDs.
"Since the widely-acclaimed launch of Trident Z RGB memory series in December 2016, G.SKILL focused heavily on bringing high performance DDR4 16GB RGB modules to the Intel X99 platform. Now, the Trident Z RGB is available in full sets of 8 modules for a total of 64GB (8GBx8) or 128GB (16GBx8) capacity, along with lighting control software support for the Intel X99 platform from most major motherboard vendors," reads the press announcement.
G.SKILL's latest TridentZ RGB kits come with eight DDR4 16GB modules at 3333MHz frequency, with CL timings of 16-18-18-38 and 1.35V of power.
Continue reading 'G.SKILL reveals TridentZ RGB 128GB DDR4-3333 kits' (full post)
DDR5 is coming soon, offers twice the speed of DDR4 RAM
DDR5 is coming very soon, with memory standards firm JEDEC saying it will finalize the specs for DDR5 technology in 2018. DDR5 will succeed the current-gen DDR4 RAM, with twice the speed, more power efficiency, and double the density of DDR4.
DDR5 arriving with double the density will be great for the market, as it will offer larger DDR5 kits (say 32GB-128GB) compared to what we have now. DDR5 will most likely drop into servers and high-end workstation/gaming PCs at first, and then it'll filter down to other devices, and even appear in low-power form for laptops and mobile devices.
DDR4 RAM prices expected to rise this year
I still remember the days of DRAM price increases nearly a decade ago, where you would buy it like gold or silver because you could ride the waves of DRAM price fluctuation - and here we are again, but it's 2017.
DigiTimes is reporting that DDR4 modules will increase in price, according to Pei-Ing Lee, the president of Nanya Technology - a major DRAM maker. Lee said that DRAM prices will continue to increase through Q2 2017, and could stabilize - but not drop, in the second half of 2017.
Why would RAM prices increase? Major DRAM manufacturers are having troubles keeping up with demand, with Nanya upgrading its production lines to handle 20nm, with early production expected next month. In the last 6 months alone, DDR4 prices have nearly doubled. A normal 32GB kit would've cost $90 around 6 months ago, but it's now $170 or so.


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This is a great simple Apple device app to please you reach an appropriate level of volume in your classroom. Watch the gauge rise and the background change as the volume increases. You can adjust the sensitivity for the situation/activity. The app is supported by ads, but these only appear as you start the app. Download the app at https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/too-noisy/id499844023
Via ICTmagic


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3D scanner
On this page:
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Definition of the noun 3d Scanner
What does 3d Scanner mean as a name of something?
- A device that analyzes a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its color.
3D scanner: A 3D scanner is a device that analyses a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance. The collected data can then be used to construct digital three-dimensional models.
- also known as 三維掃描儀
Printed dictionaries and other books with definitions for 3D scanner
Click on a title to look inside that book (if available):
IMProVe 2011 - International Conference on Innovative Methods in Product Design. Proceeedings: Full Papers Volume (2011)
by Gianmaria Concheri, Roberto Meneghello, Giampaolo Savio
The 3D scanner is a technique for carrying on the survey of geometries. The demand for 3D models of historical monuments is continuously increasing in the field of archaeological and architectural applications [10], [11], [12]. There is no ...
Hacking the Digital Print (2015)
Alternative image capture and printmaking processes with a special section on 3D printing by Bonny Pierce Lhotka
a 3D scanner is a great place to start making your own models based on actual physical objects. These come in two styles: desktop (for small objects) and handheld (for large ones). Consumer handheld scanners are a recent innovation, ...
Crowd Simulation (2012)
by Daniel Thalmann, Soraia Raupp Musse
A 3D scanner is a device that analyzes a real-world object to collect data on its shape and possibly color. The collected data can then be used to construct digital , three dimensional models that are used in a wide variety of applications.
by 方东平, Rafig M. Choudhry, Jimmie W. Hinze
3D Scanner The 3D Scanner is an advanced surveying instrument that uses high-speed laser and video to capture vast amounts of coordinate and image data. The office software is part of an integrated 3D scanning field and office ...
Quantitative Analysis of Masticatory Performance in Vertebrates (2008)
Laser Scanning Technology 3D scanner is a device that is used to analyze the real world object and capture the data (shape and appearance) about an object and to construct digital 3D models. Common applications of this technology ...
Three-Dimensional Model Analysis and Processing (2011)
by Faxin Yu, Zheming Lu, Hao Luo, Pinghui Wang
3D Scanner-Based Techniques A 3D scanner is a device that analyzes a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance (e.g., color). The collected data can then be used to construct digital, 3D ...
Encyclopedia of Multimedia (2008)
by Borko Furht
Depth acquired using a prototype structured-light 3D scanner: (a) Color image. (b ) Range image. Warm colors denote points of the face that are near to the sensing device, while cool colors denote points far from the sensing device. (c) Facial ...
Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition (2005)
by Khosrow-Pour, Mehdi
3D scanner for generating 3D models of the whole human body or part of it. The main purpose of this system is to record and study the evolution of dermatological lesions. Durdle, Raso, Hill and Peterson (1997) Stereovision ...
Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition (2008)
by Pagani, Margherita
The avatar is an image that has already acquired the face shape and skin tone of the participant, through a 3D scanner, and is projected onto the screen. See Figure 2 for an image of HyperReality using a largesize screen. When comparing it ...
Historical Dictionary of the Fashion Industry (2007)
by Francesca Sterlacci Purvin, Joanne Arbuckle
The company's Whole Body Color 3D Scanner is used for garment design and fitting, anthropometrics, and ergonomics. Cyberware has worked with the Apparel Research Network to improve military uniform delivery and to automate the ...
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for 3D scanner
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Photos about 3D scanner
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- Old Skool 3D Scanner
Photo credit: ViNull
- Nextengine 3d scanner
Photo credit: epredator
- Fuel3D handheld portable 3D scanner
Photo credit: Creative Tools
- HP TopShot Laserjet Printer 3D Scanner Hands-on
HP TopShot Laserjet Printer 3D Scanner Hands-on
HP TopShot Laserjet Printer 3D Scanner Hands-on, HP IPG Press event in Dublin, Ireland
Photo credit: innovate360
If you need related images for an article or a report, you can download stock photos:
Video about 3D scanner
3D scanner Meaning
Video shows what 3D scanner means. A device that analyzes a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its color.. 3D scanner ...
See also the pronunciation examples of 3D scanner!
Quotes about 3D scanner
Why we cannot build a system like El Al to be proactive. Why do we have only to react? The shoe bomber - reaction? Take off your shoes. The Nigerian - the body scanner is a result of the Nigerian guy. (Isaac Yeffet)
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CHP Saint-Grégoire (Saint Gregory Private Hospital), the first Breton hospital in France specializing in Surgery, was established in 2004 when three medical facilities -- Saint Vincent Clinic, Volney Polyclinic, Bréquigny Maternity -- merged into a single site.
Hemorrhoids Treatment
upon request
Provence Surgery offers easy access to the latest technology and a range of rehabilitation. Born from the desire to promote a subsidiary of innovative care and make the know-how developed in the Mediterranean region accessible to a larger number of people
This information is intended for general information only and should not be considered as medical advice on the part of Health-Tourism.com. Any decision on medical treatments, after-care or recovery should be done solely upon proper consultation and advice of a qualified physician.
What is Hemorrhoid Surgery?
Hemorrhoid surgery (hemorrhoidectomy) is a surgical procedure that is performed to remove hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins surrounding the anus. They occur inside or outside the skin of the rectum. As the surgical site is very sensitive area, hemorrhoid surgery causes a lot of pain.
How is Hemorrhoid Surgery Performed?
Hemorrhoid surgery may be performed in different ways; some of the methods are listed below:
Copyright © 2008 - 2017 Health-Tourism.com, All Rights Reserved


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Big Dreams: The Greater Yellowstone Trail Concept Plan
by Joe Gilpin, Principal, and David Foster, Senior Designer
What if it were possible to travel by bike through nearly 180 miles of the most scenic terrain in the Rocky Mountains on a completely separated trail with the vast majority at easy railroad grades? What if this trail provided a diversity of experiences through three National Forests in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, including breathtaking backcountry to some of the region's top tourist attractions on the doorstep of Yellowstone and through Grand Teton National Park? Thanks to a determined group of stakeholders across these three states, this vision could soon be a reality. The Greater Yellowstone Trail Concept Plan formalizes a vision for a world-class regional trail system that would enhance quality of life, improve access to recreation, and spur economic development opportunities for local communities along this unique and diverse corridor.
In fact, more than 113 miles of this vision are already in service and being used by locals and tourists alike. The Concept Plan leverages previous investments and existing trails with new projects to develop a unified and consistently branded long-distance trail system. This plan recognizes that the future trail will not only improve the quality of life but will also boost the economy in ways consistent with the priorities of the HUD Sustainable Communities Planning Grant that funded the project.
In total, 23 different agency and stakeholder groups participated in the planning process, clearly demonstrating a desire for the Greater Yellowstone Region to not only be one of the nation's leading tourist destinations, but also one of the nation's premier bicycling destinations. What better way to experience the grandeur and biological diversity of the corridor than at a bicyclists pace in open air, outside the confines of an automobile?
The Greater Yellowstone Trail also offers an experiential history lesson of the region. Historic stories and relics from a variety of periods — including early Native American history, 19th and 20th-century railroad development, and early 20th-century agriculture — can be observed and interpreted throughout the corridor. The Concept Plan details the historical and cultural resources, identifies proposed projects to upgrade existing trail segments and fill in missing links. The Plan also outlines long-term maintenance needs and strategies, funding tactics, and the next steps towards realizing the overall vision.
As the Principal-in-Charge and the Project Manager, we can definitely say that this was one of the most memorable experiences of our careers. Alta toured the length of the project's extents and actually rode our bikes over a significant portion of it. We saw some amazing sites, such as the Teton Range emerging from some low clouds after a dusting of snowfall, a bull standing not 20 yards from us near the Bear Gulch portion of the trail, and an evening ride on the trail where a golden light perfectly complimented the adjacent fields and grain elevators. Moreover, we were and remain convinced this corridor is a national treasure with which its full resources are generally unknown.
We invite you to browse our Concept Plan, and if you are organizing a trip to the Greater Yellowstone Region… bring your bike.


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Silk Bomber Jacket
Inspired by vintage Chanel, this jacket takes me back a few decades.
This is not a duplicate recommendation. Its Chanels silk chain scarf in navy blue.Added 9 Years Ago from Fruitionlv
Too bad this is sold out. I'm not into designer labels, but I love this scarf- the colors, the graphics. Very nice! Check out the other pics for details.Added 9 Years Ago from Fruitionlv


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Akjan Corde was born and raised by his Mother, Mari Corde. He initially didn't know his father, but lived a life of relative safety and luxury on Corellia. His Mother would often leave him with the next door neighbour - Brass Vannigan. Vannigan (as he preferred to be called) had been an Imperial Commando, and as such, had been taught a specific amount of combat ability. His stories would fascinate Akjan, and eventually the young child pestered the combat hardened veteren into training him.
Every time Akjan visited the neighbour, the pair worked on combat training; wielding a weapon, utilising various weaponry in different situations, the art of subterfuge, the art of espionage and the art of sabotage. Akjan spent his teenage years becoming an effective weapon.
Eventually, Vannigan almost replaced the figure of a father. However, Akjan one day returned home from his place at school to find both the mother and Vannigan dead - Akjan suspected that Vannigan had died attempted to protect his Mother. The room was destroyed; tables and chairs were broken everywhere. Akjan took little comfort in the amount of blood around that didn't seem to belong to either Vannigan or his mother, indicating a fairly costly battle for the attackers.
In his mother's cold dead left hand, Akjan found a holodisc. Pressing the commence button lightly, a holojournal sprang up, explaining that his father was in fact the recently elected Supreme Chancellor - Lenan Miader. It then went onto say that this Lenan wasn't all he seemed; that he also used to be one of the Galaxies best known Bounty Hunters.
The journal continued, explaining that this planet was no longer safe. Vannigan had - in fact - been his Mother's bodyguard protecting something that was more precious to her than anything else. The holojournal went onto say that Commenor was no longer safe for Akjan; that he was to take the holojournal to his Father, and seek refuge from him.
Akjan was taken aback. His initial feeling was to totally ignore his mother's last wishes; why should he go crawling to a father he had never even spoken to before?
But a part of him almost cried out at the challenge. His ego would not let the opportunity of being able to test his skills against the Supreme Chancellor and his entourage out.
A week later, Akjan found himself on Coruscant, scanning over the Chancellor's suite in the exclusive Tower Apartments near the Senatorial Chambers. The Commando-trained Akjan had noted the position of all the employees, and found one weak spot. Right on the roof of the Chancellor's suite.
Using a grav-chute to launch from a passing over taxi-speeder, the young Commando landed softly on top of the building, and began searing a hole in a grate that would allow him entrance.
Slipping down into the room, Akjan slipped next to the Chancellor's bedchamber, and held a vibro-blade to the sleeping figure of the Chancellor in his bed. "Wakey-wakey, Chancellor" spoke the triumphant Akjan, softly so as not to avert attention to his presence. "Or should I say..."
Before he could finish that sentence, the youngster felt a sharp prod in the small of his back, and flinched from the pain. "Oh please" muttered an aged voice. "You're either seeking a very long time in jail" hypothesised the person who Akjan now assumed to be Lenan, "Or you have a legitimate reason for being here".
"I have a reason" said Akjan. Lenan pressed the blade into his back again, so as to press home the need for him to explain himself. He simply held out his hand, and clicked the activator. Immediatly, Mari Corde's image lept to life, and Lenan lowered his weapon almost immediatly.
Watching the entire video, Lenan was forced to take a seat. It was all a bit too much for him. And while Akjan seemed to sulk over being beaten - the fact that he had just established contact with his father seemingly slipping his mind - Lenan knew that his life had changed irreversibly.
Akjan and Lenan spent time getting to know each other, and Akjan was awed by Lenan's stories of Bounty Hunting. Just as he had done with Vannigan, Akjan eventually persuaded Lenan to train him in the ways of Bounty Hunting. But Lenan - seeing an opportunity - agreed on the premise that he did him a few jobs in exchange for the training.
Akjan now continues his life as a Bounty Hunter-cum-Republic Agent. He continually matches himself to his father's yard stick, and while he knows the standards are high, he believes - perhaps foolishly - that he excels in almost everything he does. His headstrong nature has gotten him in trouble that the veteren Miader has had to help out with under the alias Diblomantis Carber - an alias Lenan had used when working for a group of particularly unsavoury characters.
Akjan is so far unaware of his father's assistance, and is very proud of his 100% record, despite having only completed four bounty missions, two of which with the assistance of Diblomantis Carber.


text:
Effects of the 1970 Bank Holding Company Act: Evidence from Capital Markets
- Abstract
- Full Text PDF
- Author(s): JOSEPH AHARONY, ITZHAK SWARY
- Published: Apr 30, 2012
- Pages: 841-853
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04887.x
This study measures the effects of the 1970 amendment to the Bank Holding Company (BHC) Act on the profitability and risk of BHCs using capital market data. Differences in abnormal returns and risk among three portfolios of bank shares which differ in their regulatory status are examined in various periods preceding and following the enactment. No significant differences in performance and no change in the relative risk of any pair of portfolios were observed. Thus, the null hypothesis that the nonbank expansion provisions of the 1970 amendment had no effect on BHCs' risk and profitability cannot be rejected.


text:
This will end well.
Still better odds than North Korea's missle program.
-derp lands on moon - HAI LUNAAAA
78%? That more than 20!!! You'll be fine!
This reminds me of kerbal space program, Some of my rockets explode on the ground, some explode in flight, some take off then break then hit the ground. Ive never gotten a ship into space
Oh Derpy, u so retarded.
Equestria space program is best space program.
22% chance it might. That could be worse.
The other 22% might be her unsure if it will or not, and it is just how much she thinks it will or won't work.
Go for it girl!
hi im gabe newell and im a pony
To the MOOOOOOOOOOOOONNNN!!!
I always believed that Equestria's space program is pissing off Celestia.
I thought Celestia was our space program.
And Luna the first unlucky astronaut
And Luna the first unlucky astronaut
That's an oddly accurate thing for Derpy to say.
Gaben pony?
This is the best plan
The best
The best
What's the Tumblr name? I want to follow it.
Let me play among the stars
and HOLY SHIT that's a fat pony.
This reminds of the fat colt in Applebloom's class in "Family Appreciation Day"
Only 78%?!


text:
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Обо мне
Everyone can do something smart
Профессиональные навыки
Опыт работы
Высшее образование
Январь 2010 — Январь 2012
Январь 2006 — Январь 2010
Everyone can do something smart
Faculty of Technology Entrepreneurship RUSNANO, http://mos-hi-tech.ru/, "System thinking" and "Systems engineering practices" courses. Consulted more than 30 project in software development, medical industry and engineering. Developed guidance materials for the course.
— Organized contractors of connected federal information systems: Federal services registry http://frgu.gosuslugi.ru/, Federal inspection registry https://proverki.gov.ru/, Federal information system "Management" http://gasu.gov.ru/, to create integrated information environment of federal services description and government agencies structure;
— developed functional requirements, designed domain model, use case scenarios and managed prototype development of information system in government licensing processes and inspections management domain.
— Developed server-side API for dispatching controlling system web-based client;
— conducted user acceptance testing of new version web-based client of dispatching controlling system;
— implemented code-review and auto-testing practices in software engineering team, implemented JIRA-based user issues tracking practice.
- Developed the prototype of the desktop application for railroad dispatching system
Russian-wide railway automation and software systems alignment project
created prototype of locomotive dispatcher application from scratch;
developed GUI components of production-run locomotive dispatcher application:
—train sheet;
—locomotives and locomotive crews dispatching planning;
—locomotives and locomotive crews operation orders
- Sprint Nextel corporation account (team of 40 participants—service activation project to provide automatic upgrade of CISCO-driven equipment to a new operation system and to support Sprint transition to IPv6 technology)
- Developed two 300-pages detailed design documents network inventory model and service provisioning processes model) for internal software implementation and testing purposes
- Developed two 300-pages design documents for Customer—interface mock-up and system user guides
- Advised development and testing team on telecom technology questions
- Participated in the product review session to Customer
- Worked with distributed development and testing teams (Moscow, Kazan, Samara, Saratov; Ukraine, Kiev; USA, Kansas)
- Developed best-practices document for MPLS services provisioning to summarize Company knowledge of the technology processing
- Telecom New Zealand account (service inventory project)
- Developed service provisioning model for copper cable network infrastructure expansion project
- NTT Docomo Inc. account (physical inventory project)
- Developed object model to support Customer network infrastructure based on Densed Wavelength-Division Multiplexing technology equipment
Телекоммуникационные системы и сети.
Стипендия Абрамова-Фролова.


text:
I will now turn my efforts back into a dryland training block at home for the next few weeks. I also get to go to the New England Ski Ball on October 6th in Boston, Massachusetts. I'm hoping this will be fun and should be judging from the line up of athletes that will be there.
Here is a cool video I saw the other day.
Death to the tinman
- Watch more Videos at Vodpod.


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travel2japan: letter I wrote to myself after half of the time
After the letter I wrote to myself at the evening, before I was going off to Japan , I also wrote another letter after half of the time there:
Dear Hopey,
When you read this, I know that you are at home or soon to do so or on the way home. Your 4 1/2 month in Japan, however, lay behind you. I want that you know that it does not matter, who wrote you this letter, It could be anybody, a friend, a family member (their cover is perfect (quote from Dark Inside)), an acquaintance or just somebody who heard about you and your story. What I will write you here, will you probably get told or shown by a lot of people or they will just think it silently.
I want that you know, that I am really proud of you. Proud that you made it, not only by sitting their and waiting for the days to pass, but really making it; learning, speaking, falling, crying, standing up, continuing learning, asking questions, improve, live, really live.
I am proud of what you withstood; the strangers, the unknowingness, the tiredness, the hunger, the hate of your host mother (if you look at the post, I wrote around this time, you will see that I was convinced that my host mother hated me at this time. This is not true.), the lonlieness, the homesickness and this incredible fear.
I am proud of what you did and what you changed about you and your situation, so that it is not difficult anymore but easy and even enjoyable.
You fought like a lion in this 4 1/2 month. In the moment, I am writing this, there is still a lot about to come and I know, that there are difficulties and problems to come, even more difficult and problematic than you already experienced it. I already did a lot, but there is still a big mountain about to come (looks like I liked metaphors). You did it all. I do not know how you are feeling in the face of departure. It is probably a mix of homesickness and wanderlust, looking forward and saying goodbye, pride and sadness and most of all regret about wasting time in Japan to think about home. (Where the hell did I get this weird idea from? My feeling when I left what pretty much one pure emotion)
You are now a different person. You are not anymore the small girl that hugged everyone at the airport, you are someone different, a strong women, who has been through this 4 1/2 month of adventure and is different now.
You experienced a lot, traveled to modern and old places, met interesting persons, saw an amazing lot of things, learned and experienced a lot, also a lot about yourself and life and time. Any you missed things as well. In Gemany, time went on without you and there were clearly some amazing moments, that you could not experience. That is something you have to accept. In Germany, the world did not revolve without you and people there changed. But you also learned to love and praise things. Things, you did not use to care about or even despised, have become important for you now. You recognizes, how important things can be.
There are presumably a lot of things you missed about Germany, things you are enthusiastically looking forward to. On the other hand, there are certainly things that were better in Japan, things you will wish back. This time just opened your eyes for the beautiful, daily things and the special, crazy moments and everything that lies in between. (That sounds really deep but is very superficial thinking about it)
If life is a book, you have at least read the first chapter now (saying: 'If live is a book, people who do not travel do not read more than the first page').
I am proud of your fighting spirit and about you not giving up when everything seemed messed up. About you fighting, studying your eyes out of the head and giving everything.
I do not know what is left to say. The person writing this is very proud of you and wished you the best for the future.
Well, that was way more positive and truthful than the last letter. I liked it and I hope, you did so, too,
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text:
see more daily photos in my instagram gallery!
Victoria showed off her portrait wall in the San Francisco Chronicle. [Check it out here.]
posted on September 13, 2009
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fotoguy007 Photographer
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Depending on what you are wanting to do shoot wise and the time length depends on the price. If i believe that you will help me with my port and ideas then i may consider tfcd but it is rare.
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The life and times (to date) of George Michael. An array of the performer's contemporaries and past acquaintances, along with Michael himself, discuss his high profile life so far.
Belatedly given a cinema release after being shown on BBC Three last year, this entertaining documentary follows the former Wham! Frontman's life story, from his early life through to his time in the chart-conquering duo, his subsequent solo career and, in more recent years, his troubled personal life. As music documentaries go, it's pretty standard stuff, but there's a decent array of talking heads featured here, from Wham! Backing singers Pepsi and Shirlie and Michael's best mate David Austin through to Simon Cowell, Mariah Carey and Elton John.
What's more, Michael himself comes across as a thoroughly decent bloke who's not afraid to talk candidly about coming to terms with hissexuality, the death of his mother and that headline-grabbing toilet incident.
Given it worked perfectly well on the small screen, it's hard to see why it warrants a cinema release now, but if you're a George Michael fan, it's a must-see.


text:
To Serve Them All My Days (TV series)
|To Serve Them All My Days
|Based on
|To Serve Them All My Days by R. F. Delderfield
|Written by
|Andrew Davies
|Directed by
|Country of origin
|United Kingdom
|Original language(s)
|No. of episodes
|Ken Riddington
|Running time
|50 minutes
|Production company(s)
|Original network
|BBC One
|Original release
|17 October 1980– 16 January 1981
To Serve Them All My Days is a British television drama series, adapted by Andrew Davies from R. F. Delderfield's 1972 novel To Serve Them All My Days. It was first broadcast by the BBC over 13 episodes in 1980 and 1981, and in 1982 by PBS in the United States as part of their Masterpiece Theatre anthology series.
As in the novel, the protagonist is David Powlett-Jones (John Duttine), a coal miner's son from South Wales, who has risen from the ranks and been commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in World War I. In 1918, after being injured and shell-shocked, he is hired to teach modern history at Bamfylde School, a fictional public school in North Devon, in the southwest of England, where he wins the respect and acclaim of colleagues and pupils. He serves under headmaster Algy Herries (Frank Middlemass), forms a friendship with Ian Howarth (Alan MacNaughton) and marries Beth (Belinda Lang). He engages in a long bitter rivalry with the jingoistic science master Carter (Neil Stacy) but the two of them later become friends. Powlett-Jones is eventually appointed headmaster.
The series was filmed over 11 months in 1980,[1] with Devon and Dorset locations[1] including Milton Abbey School in Dorset.[2]
- John Duttine as David Powlett-Jones
- Frank Middlemass as Algy Herries
- Alan MacNaughton as Howarth
- Patricia Lawrence as Ellie Herries
- Neil Stacy as Carter
- Susan Jameson as Christine Forster
- Charles Kay as Alcock
- Kim Braden as Julia
- John Welsh as Cordwainer
- Cyril Luckham as Sir Rufus Creighton
- Simon Gipps-Kent as Chad Boyer
- Belinda Lang as Beth
- Nicholas Lyndhurst as Dobson
- David King as Barnaby
- Phillip Joseph as Emrys Powlett-Jones
- Michael Turner as Brigadier Cooper
- Norman Bird as Alderman Blunt
Writing for The New York Times, John J. O'Connor described the production as "a richly textured tapestry crammed with the social details that were the speciality of Mr. Delderfield",[3] with "a steady flow of insightful and touching moments".[2] He praised the performances of the cast and that of Duttine in particular.[2][3]
The adaptation was nominated in the Best Drama Series category at the 1981 British Academy Television Awards and in the Outstanding Limited Series category at the 1983 Primetime Emmy Awards.[4]
DVD release[edit]
All episodes of To Serve Them All My Days are available on DVD in the UK and the US.
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J. (21 November 1982). "TV View; How an Unknown Became a British Star". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
- ^ a b c O'Connor, John J. (16 June 1984). "TV Weekend; A Series That Makes the Rerun Worthwhile". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J. (10 October 1982). "Masterpiece Theater Weaves a Rich New Tapestry". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
- ^ "35th Emmy Awards Nominees/winners". Retrieved 13 February 2017.