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Identifying the Hidden Risk of Data De-duplication: How the HYDRAstor Solution Proactively Solves the Problem
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1 Identifying the Hidden Risk of Data De-duplication: How the HYDRAstor Solution Proactively Solves the Problem October, 2006 Introduction Data de-duplication has recently gained significant industry attention, especially regarding disk-based backup products. Data de-duplication technology (also known as commonality factoring, non-redundant storage and duplicate data reduction) identifies and stores only new, unique data. In other words, if a string of data is already stored in the system, then it is referenced by pointer rather than stored a second time. Indeed, the benefits of de-duplication are compelling. Backup systems, by their nature, backup the same data over and over. By implementing de-duplication technology, IT organizations benefit from a lower acquisition cost, lower total cost of ownership (TCO) and the ability to cost effectively replicate data for disaster recovery purposes even in low bandwidth environments. While first-generation disk-based backup products, such as VTLs, can improve backup operations, their high acquisition costs and TCO has limited their adoption. The inescapable reality is that these products require IT organizations to purchase a significant amount of additional expensive disk capacity. Organizations wanting to store a month s worth of backups on a VTL need to a purchase a VTL with four to five times the disk capacity of their production environment. (This ratio provides for a grandfather-father-son strategy with a one-month retention cycle; IT organizations that want to retain multiple months worth of backups on disk would require even larger amounts of disk capacity.) Reducing disk usage is where data reduction (de-duplication) technology can change the game: all the benefits of disk-based backup can be achieved with significantly less new disk capacity and related costs. Data De-duplication Technologies The nature of backup operations is such that data is backed up over and over, even though substantial portions of it may not have changed since the last backup. De-duplication algorithms identify this redundant data and store it only once. After the initial storage of a data string, all future backups of that string simply refer to the original string stored on disk by using a data pointer. NEC Corporation of America Page 1 of 9
2 First-generation de-duplication products introduce significant risks to IT s backup and restore environment. The loss of one block will render all associated backup images unrecoverable. Over time, de-duplication technology can achieve a 20:1 data reduction, which means that only 5% of the incoming backup data is actually stored on disk. For example, with de-duplication, 100 TBs of backup images can be stored on only five TBs of physical disk. Actual reduction ratios will vary depending upon the nature of the data and the organization s backup strategy. Organizations that perform daily full backups will achieve greater reduction ratios faster than those employing incremental backups. The business value of data reduction technology includes the following: Lower Cost of Acquisition Raw disk space requirement can be reduced by 80%. Products incorporating data reduction technologies can have a significantly lower price on a per-tb basis. Lower Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) As the data reduction factor increases over time, physical disk space used will not grow as rapidly as those products that do not use data reduction technology. Cost-effective Remote Replication Remote data replication is unrealistic in many situations using standard technology due to data volumes over constrained bandwidth. With data reduction, only unique de-duplicated data is transferred resulting in a 90-95% reduction in transferred data making replication over a WAN realistic. While the benefits of de-duplication are clear, the bolt-on implementations found in firstgeneration products introduce significant risks. De-duplication is a CPU intensive process, as is software-based compression; the latter can reduce performance by 40%. With first-generation de-duplication products, throughput can be reduced by as much as 65%. Such a penalty largely negates the advantage of disk speeds over tape. However, the most critical risk associated with first-generation products is the risk of lost backups and unavailable recovery. With duplicate data reduction ratios reaching 20:1 or higher, dozens to hundreds of backup images are dependent upon a single disk block for recovery. If that disk block is lost, all of the associated backup images could be rendered unrecoverable. The impact of a failed disk would be even worse and could impact the availability of all backups stored on the VTL or disk-based appliance. Moreover, high capacity (S)ATA disk drives can take 24 hours or more to rebuild, and the rebuild process is I/O-intensive, affecting every disk in the RAID group. The substantially degraded throughput during the rebuilding process not only jeopardizes the RTO of largescale data restoration efforts but can also lead to missed backup windows. NEC Corporation of America Page 2 of 9
3 Does RAID provide enough protection? Most first-generation VTLs and disk-based appliances use RAID for disk failure protection. RAID 5 uses single parity and can recover from a single disk failure with an associated storage overhead of about 20%. Nevertheless, RAID 5 has significant shortcomings. In the event of a two-disk failure within the same RAID group, the data within that group are unrecoverable. To improve data resiliency, some disk-based backup products use RAID 6 instead of RAID 5. RAID 6 uses double parity for fault protection and can recover from two drive failures in the same RAID group as a result. However, the storage overhead for RAID 6 is 35-40%, a significant increase over RAID 5. Although RAID may provide sufficient protection for non-de-duplicated environments, it is insufficient for de-duplicated environments. In de-duplicated environments, a single disk block may contain data used by hundreds of backup images. If that block is lost, then all of the images are rendered unrecoverable. Moreover, the time to rebuild a 300 GB SATA drive in a typical storage array can be 24 hours; 500 GB drives even longer. As drive capacities increase toward a terabyte, the time to rebuild such a drive creates a statistical probability that a second or third failure will occur within the same RAID group before the rebuild completes. In addition, RAID technology suffers severe performance degradation during a disk rebuild. Rebuilding a RAID 5/6 group is very I/O intensive, affecting every disk in the group. The substantially degraded performance during the rebuild time can jeopardize the organization s RTO in the event of a simultaneous restore requirement. Lengthy re-build times and performance loss can also cause missed backup windows, which puts even more data at risk. Many arrays with RAID 6 do not recommend reading or writing to the RAID group during a double parity recovery because the recursive recovery Systems with RAID are insufficient for de-duplicated environments: - Limited data resiliency - Degraded performance during rebuild process of RAID 6 will result in significant performance degradation. Interrupting the process could result in unrecoverable data. As with RAID 5, RAID 6 systems suffer a write penalty due to the additional parity calculations. This penalty can decrease the overall performance of the VTL or disk appliance. The penalty is worse than just two parity calculations, because the double parity calculation does not easily map to standard CPU hardware and requires a table lookup. 1 The ideal solution would be one that can survive more than two disk failures, has no write performance penalty, does not experience degraded performance during a disk rebuild and uses no more disk space than RAID 5. NEC has spent the last three years designing just such a solution, and the result is HYDRAstor. 1 H. Peter Arvin: The mathematics of RAID 6. NEC Corporation of America Page 3 of 9
4 HYDRAstor: A Next-generation Disk-based Backup and Restore Solution HYDRAstor is a next-generation disk-based data protection appliance designed from the ground up to address key backup and restore challenges without the risks and operational limitations of current VTLs and disk-as-disk appliances. HYDRAstor s unique architecture enables high performance backup and restore scaling from 200 MB/sec to well over 20,000 MB/sec of aggregated throughput in a single instance of the solution. HYDRAstor s disk capacity can also be scaled easily and non-disruptively from TBs to PBs. A single system can store months or years worth of backup data for less than $0.90/GB, which is less than the cost of a typical tape system. The scalability and affordability of the system is due to HYDRAstor s unique grid-base storage architecture and its patent-pending DataRedux and Distributed Resilient Data (DRD) technology. Unlike first-generation VTLs and disk appliances, HYDRAstor is the only solution that fully addresses IT s requirement for increased data resiliency in a de-duplicated environment. Backup Servers HYDRAstor Backup Data Backup Data >70 TBs/hr Performance ANs SNs PBs 1 Logical Pool Replication 20:1 Data Reduction ANs SNs Disaster Recovery Site 200 MB/sec TBs 20:1 Data Reduction Figure 1. HYDRAstor Next-generation Disk-based Data Protection Grid-based Storage Architecture HYDRAstor s grid-based storage architecture differentiates it from all other disk-based backup systems. The architecture combines HYDRAstor s intelligent OS with best-of-breed industry standard servers and disk to deliver unmatched data resiliency and virtually unlimited performance and capacity scalability. Unlike first-generation VTLs and disk-as-disk backup appliances that put de-duplicated data at risk, HYDRAstor introduces advanced data resiliency through patent-pending DRD technology. Delivered as a turnkey solution, HYRAstor s innovative grid-based architecture eliminates the operational limitations of current products by allowing users to apply additional resources wherever they are needed. Moreover, these resources can be added without labor-intensive configuration, tuning or intervention as HYDRAstor is a fully self-managed, self-tuning, and self-healing system. Performance scalability and storage capacity may be increased independently based on business needs, and the addition of one component improves performance or capacity across the rest of the system. HYDRAstor accomplishes this scalability through the implementation of what is termed Accelerator Nodes and Storage Nodes. NEC Corporation of America Page 4 of 9
5 Accelerator Nodes Scaling Performance HYDRAstor Accelerator Nodes (ANs) as pictured in Figure 1, are industry standard offthe-shelf servers. ANs connect to one or more backup servers over a gigabit Ethernet (GbE) network and support both CIFS and NFS. They are clustered for scalability and resiliency, and each AN can deliver more than 100 MB/sec throughput. ANs operate with a coherent distributed file system that not only spreads the workload across available processors, but also assures that no node is a single point of failure. If one or more ANs fail, the remaining ANs can assume the aggregate workload. ANs can be scaled non-disruptively to increase performance. For example, 10 ANs would provide over 1000 MB/sec of aggregated backup and restore throughput. To determine the number of ANs needed in a HYDRAstor environment, the following calculation would be used: AN# = Aggregate peak data transfer in MB/sec 100 MB/sec Storage Nodes Scaling Capacity Storage Nodes (SNs) as pictured in Figure 2, are also built on industry standard servers each with three TBs of storage capacity. SNs provide disk capacity for the backup images and are connected to the Accelerator Nodes via a private network managed by the HYDRAstor OS. The HYDRAstor OS virtualizes storage within and across multiple SNs to create one logical pool of capacity accessible by any AN. HYDRAstor s innovative capacity virtualization also eliminates all provisioning tasks. With HYDRAstor, storage administrators do not need to create and size LUNs, volumes, or file systems. As SNs are added, HYDRAstor automatically load-balances existing data across all available capacity to optimize performance and utilization. HYDRAstor s distributed, grid architecture provides these benefits without impacting the backup or restore performance. Accelerator Nodes (ANs) Scaling Performance Internal Network Storage Nodes (SNs) Scaling Capacity Figure 2. HYDRAstor Grid Architecture NEC Corporation of America Page 5 of 9
6 DataRedux Technology Storage Efficiency HYDRAstor s DataRedux technology, which provides data de-duplication, begins with NEC s patent-pending chunking technology whereby data streams are separated into variable length data chunks. Hashing is then used to determine if the data chunk has or has not been stored previously. If the chunk has been previously stored, pointers are used to address the data. If the data has not been previously stored, data resiliency described later will be applied before the chunk is stored onto disk. De-duplication efficiency is driven by the data-chunking algorithm. Products that use no chunking at all or split the data into chunks of fixed size typically experience a lower data reduction ratio. In the first case, changing one byte in a file would result in the whole file being stored again. In the second case, any chunk that follows the chunk containing the changed byte would also be stored. Instead, HYDRAstor uses both a sophisticated algorithm and variable size chunks to maximize its opportunities to find redundant data. Only the chunks that contain real changes to the data are identified as unique. These chunks then undergo physical compression before being stored to disk. While duplicate elimination and physical compression create a performance bottleneck in first-generation array-based VTL products, HYDRAstor s grid-based architecture enables it to distribute the load across many nodes thus avoiding performance degradation and idle nodes. Distributed Resilient Data Technology Recovery Assurance To address RAID 5 and 6 limitations and their risks when used with data reduction technology, HYDRAstor introduces patent-pending Distributed Resilient Data (DRD) technology. DRD protects data from three or more disk failures without the RAID write penalty, without incurring performance degradation during a re-build, without long rebuild times, and with less storage overhead than RAID 6. After a unique data chunk is identified by HYDRAstor s data reduction technology, DRD breaks the chunk into a set number of data fragments. The default number of these original data fragments is nine. Depending on the desired resiliency level (the default is three), DRD then computes the same number of parity fragments to match the resiliency level, with all parity fragments based only on the original nine data fragments. (In other words, DRD computes parity fragments based solely on the data, not on parity.) Hence, unlike first-generation VTLs and appliances using RAID which must read parity, recalculate parity, and then rewrite parity, HYDRAstor does not incur this substantial parity penalty. DRD then intelligently distributes the 12 fragments (nine original fragments + three parity fragments) across as many SNs as possible in a configuration. If the system has less than 12 SNs, multiple fragments will be stored on the same SN. In this case, HYDRAstor will distribute these fragments on different disks. In the minimum recommended configuration of four SNs, three fragments would be written to different disks on each SN to maximize resilience. NEC Corporation of America Page 6 of 9
7 Data Chunk Original Data Fragments Parity Fragments Figure 3: Distributed Resilient Data (DRD), HYDRAstor s Patentpending Technology (SNs) With the default resiliency setting of three, a chunk of data can be re-created using any nine out of the total of 12 fragments. That means the system could simultaneously lose as many as three fragments from the group without jeopardizing data integrity. In a minimum HYDRAstor configuration of four SNs, this would protect all data in the event of one SN failure (five data disks) or the failure of any three disk drives across multiple SNs. In larger HYDRAstor systems with 12 or more SNs, each SN stores no more than one of the 12 fragments of a chunk. Thus, the default resiliency can protect data from three or more SN failures. Administrators can optionally choose a higher level of resilience if data stored is deemed critical. Based on the resiliency setting, HYDRAstor will automatically calculate the appropriate number of original data fragments and create the necessary number of parity fragments. The fragments will always be distributed to achieve maximum data resiliency. There is no write performance penalty with HYDRAstor. Processing will not be disrupted, nor impacted, even during a system rebuild operation. Because of this additional resilience, one might believe that HYDRAstor requires substantial storage overhead, but this is not the case. The disk space overhead for HYDRAstor s default architecture is 3/12 or 25%, just slightly more than RAID 5 overhead (about 20%) and less than RAID 6 (around 35-40%), while providing substantially higher resilience than either: 300% more resiliency than RAID 5 and 50% more than RAID 6. Unlike RAID 5 and 6, HYDRAstor is accessible for backup and restore operations during a disk rebuild without degraded performance. Because the fragments are distributed across multiple Storage Nodes that each have ample processing power, backup and restore operations will not experience performance degradation in the event of a rebuild. Failed components are automatically discovered, and the re-build is automatically initiated in the background. (see Figure 4). NEC Corporation of America Page 7 of 9
8 x (SNs) (SNs) Figure 4: Data Resiliency in action. In the event of catastrophic failure of a storage node, HYDRAstor immediately discovers the failure, rebuilds, and writes the data to other available storage nodes. No Single Point of Failure With HYDRAstor, there is no single point of failure. Patent-pending DRD technology provides 300% more resiliency than RAID 5 with nearly the same amount of disk space overhead. The fixed hash tables of first-generation products typically have multiple points of failure. As they are based on one disk array, failure of any single component such as the motherboard, a RAID card, etc., will result in the failure of the whole system. The equivalent within HYDRAstor would be the failure of one AN or one SN. As discussed above, this has no impact on the accessibility of data in HYDRAstor (see Figure 4). First-generation products typically have multiple points of failure. The fixed hash tables of first-generation products can also represent a single point of failure. If the hash tables are lost, then the data become unrecoverable. HYDRAstor has no such centralized tables; it distributes its hash tables across all Storage Nodes in such a way that even failure of multiple SNs would not result in the loss of hashing information. NEC Corporation of America Page 8 of 9
9 HYDRAstor Benefits The unique benefits of HYDRAstor may be summarized as follows: Affordable HYDRAstor s safer data reduction capabilities enable disk-based backup at a price point comparable to tape. Enhanced Resilience With patent-pending Distributed Resilient Data (DRD) technology, organizations can safely take full advantage of HYDRAstor de-duplication without the worries of data loss and unavailable recoveries. DRD storage overhead is comparable to RAID 5 but provides 300% better data resiliency. Dynamic Scalability Accelerator Nodes (ANs) and Storage Nodes (SNs) may be added independently and non-disruptively to scale performance or capacity to meet the organization s needs. No other product provides this simple, cost-effective infrastructure tuning ability. No Performance Penalty Unlike RAID systems, HYDRAstor does not experience performance degradations during disk re-build operations, which can put your backup and restore operations at risk. No single point of failure HYDRAstor is delivered as a fully redundant turnkey appliance, and it has no centralized resources that represent a single point of failure. HYDRAstor offers the lower TCO benefits of data reduction plus increased system availability not found in first-generation VTLs and disk-as-disk appliances. Enterprise data centers will appreciate the superior capabilities of HYDRAstor when it comes to protecting their organization s critical data. 2006, HYDRAstor, DataRedux, and Distributed Resilient Data (DRD) are trademarks of NEC Corporation All rights reserved. NEC Corporation of America 1635 N. State Highway 161 Irving, TX Karen Dutch, General Manager, Advanced Storage Products NEC_HYDRA_Risk_WP01_01.pdf NEC Corporation of America Page 9 of 9
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text:
Download Interview Trainer Pilot apk 2.4.0 free for Android smartphone
Posted by Interview Knowledge in Education | Feb. 6, 2016 | 0 Comments
Apk file size: 11.0 MB
Interview questions, hints and tips PLUS the STAR Timer interview trainer.
"The simple and effective training tool to ace any job interview."
Who is this app for?
- any 'budding' new employee looking to attend a job interview or assessment centre for the first time.
- any First Officer or Captain attending an interview for a permanent contract.
- Pilots being assessed for up ranking to Senior First Officer or Captaincy.
- Pilot's wanting to change employers.
What does the app do?
- We will train you to answer a full range of interview questions in an ordered structured way.
How does the app work?
- Each section provides a structured method of reviewing interview questions.
- Each question is shown or read to you.
- You practice your answer using the STAR technique (an industry recognised technique for answering questions at interviews)
- We time how long you take to answer the question using our unique integrated "STAR timer".
- By deciding how difficult you find the question we will automatically chose when you see the question again!
- You make notes for future reference.
(Please note that we do not supply answers to questions as everyone's experiences are so different and will dictate how they can answer each question. To overcome this we have included the ability to make your own notes which will allow for a more natural, personal and free flowing answer.)
What is the Star Technique and why use it?)
To be successful at interviews, it is important to not only consider the content of your answers, but also how you construct it. The "S.T.A.R." technique is a recognised standard that should be used be interviewees to deliver the right information in the most efficient way!
- 500+ questions
- 17 different question groups
- Star Technique training guide
- Star Technique timer
- A proprietary ''Smart Review" technology
- Save favourite questions to review later
- Make your own notes
+++ Lite Version +++
- Fully functioning.
- Access limited to 2 question banks
- premium STAR Timer functionality locked
Finally and most importantly
Watch this space for future updates, as well as associated Apps from the developer. If you have any suggestions, requests or interesting questions that you feel should be included in this software then please do email me and I'll try my best to support this. All comments are gratefully received at [email protected]
Common Airlines: -
Aer Lingus, Aeroflot Russian Airlines, Air Berlin Group, Air Canada, Air China, Air France KLM, Air New Zealand Group, AirAsia, AirTran Airways, Alaska Airlines, Alitalia, American Airlines, American Eagle Airlinesregional affiliate of American Airlines, (AA), ANA - All Nippon Airways, Asiana Airlines, Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Austrian Airlines Group, Avianca, AviancaTaca, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Cebu Pacific Air, China Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Continental Airlines, easyJet, Emirates Airline, ExpressJet Airlines, Frontier Airlines, Garuda Indonesia, Gol Linhas Aereas, Hainan Group, Iberia Group, International Airlines Group IAG, JAL Group(Japan Airlines), Jet Airways, JetBlue Airways, Jetstar, Kingfisher Airlines, Korean Air, LAN Airlines, Lion Air, Lufthansa, Malaysia Airlines, Mesa Airlines, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Pinnacle Airlines, Qantas, Qatar Airways, Ryanair, SAS Scandinavian Airlines, Saudi Arabian Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Singapore Airlines, SkyWest Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Swiss, TAM Linhas Aereas, Thai Airways International, Thomson Airways, Turkish Airlines (THY), United Airlines, US Airways, Vietnam Airlines, Virgin Blue Airlines, Vueling Airlines, WestJet
Whats new
v2.4 - Improved user interface.
v2.3 - S.T.A.R. stopwatch timer implemented to help practice interview timing :)
v2.2 - S.T.A.R. Interview Technique presentation available in app!
v2.1 - Questions now talk to you!
Interview Knowledge part of our Education and have average installs from 50 to 100. Last Update Feb. 6, 2016. Google play rating is 60.0. Current verison is 2.4.0. Actual size 11.0 MB.
Similar applications
Interview Trainer for ALL Lite2 Comments

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Abbeville Vacation Packages
From Abbeville, the city of LaGrange is 100 miles (161 kilometers) to the north.
The Abbeville City Hall and the Abbeville City Park are a selection of the things to do and see within here.
When it comes to getting the best from your vacation, it's good to keep in mind that Abbeville is merely the tip of the iceberg; Southeast Alabama features an abundance of wonderful places to visit. Eufaula and Blakely are just two of the many other places worth checking out while you're in Southeast Alabama.
Columbus is 65 miles (105 kilometers) from Abbeville. This center includes a wide range of things to see, including Columbus State University, Bull Creek Golf Course and Peachtree Mall. Heath Park, Memorial Stadium and Rigdon Park are also good places to spend time.
Relax upon the region's waters and enjoy popular watersports such as boating or sailing.
When booking your holiday to Abbeville, keep in mind that the nearest major airport, Dothan Regional Airport, is situated in in Dothan, 20 miles (32 kilometers) to the southwest.


text: 000 FLUS43 KDDC 200915 HWODDC Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Dodge City KS 415 AM CDT Thu Jul 20 2017 KSZ030-031-043>046-061>066-074>081-084>090-211000- Trego-Ellis-Scott-Lane-Ness-Rush-Hamilton-Kearny-Finney-Hodgeman- Pawnee-Stafford-Stanton-Grant-Haskell-Gray-Ford-Edwards-Kiowa- Pratt-Morton-Stevens-Seward-Meade-Clark-Comanche-Barber- 415 AM CDT Thu Jul 20 2017 /315 AM MDT Thu Jul 20 2017/ This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of central...south central...southwest and west central Kansas. .DAY ONE...Today and tonight. Day 1 Discussion ---------------- Highs today will range from 99 to near 104 degrees. The heat index is expected to be near 105 today along the I-70 corridor and east of highway 183 where a heat advisory is in effect. Day 1 Hazards ------------- * Excessive heat: Elevated risk .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Friday through Wednesday. Days 2-7 Discussion ------------------- The heat wave will continue through Saturday with daily high temperatures in the 99 to 104 degree range. Friday afternoon the heat index is expected to be near 105 again along the I-70 corridor and east of highway 183 where a heat advisory will still be in effect. There will be a chance for thunderstorms from Saturday night through early next week. Over the weekend some of the storms may be capable of producing periods of heavy rain, gusty winds and possibly hail. Days 2-7 Hazards ---------------- * Friday - Excessive heat: Elevated risk * Saturday - Lightning: Limited risk - Severe thunderstorm: Limited risk - Excessive heat: Elevated risk * Sunday - Lightning: Limited risk - Excessive heat: Elevated risk * Monday - Lightning: Limited risk * Tuesday - Lightning: Limited risk * Wednesday - Lightning: Limited risk - Excessive heat: Limited risk .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation will not be needed through tonight. && For more details visit our webpage http://weather.gov/ddc/ehwo $$


text: > * In message <m3y9402xhb.fsf@...> > * On the subject of "Re: [clisp-list] parse-integer slowdown & make-string /= make-array of 'character" > * Sent on 28 Feb 2003 11:14:56 -0500 > * I write: > > > * Honorable "Hoehle, Joerg-Cyril" <Joerg-Cyril.Hoehle@...> writes: > > > > It also appears that MAKE-STRING is very different from MAKE-ARRAY > > :element-type 'character. Using strings from MAKE-STRING is fast with > > PARSE-INTEGER, while strings from MAKE-ARRAY exhibit the tremendous slowdown. > > On 2002-05-22 Bruno introduced mutable small strings. > This means that whenever you parse a string, you call > unpack_sstring_alloca(), which involves a copy_16bit_32bit() or > copy_8bit_32bit() call for a "small string" (8-bit or 16-bit). > > It appears that we need to eliminate all calls to > unpack_sstring_alloca() and replace them with SstringDispatch(), > which does not carry the same overhead. Unfortunately this carries a different kind of overhead: code size (triplicating the code). Another things is that many functions take chart[] arguments, and they will have to be triplicated too! An alternative would be to introduce a struct chart_vec_t { char* ptr; /* the int vector */ size_t byte_size; /* (log (/ sizeof(elt) 8) 2), i.e. 0 for 8, 1 for 16, 2 for 32 */ } and then pass it instead of chart[] and then access element like this: struct chart_vec_t cv; #define CV_REF(cv,ii) (int)(*(cv.ptr+(ii<<cv.byte_size))) I am not a C performance expert, so I need some input here - what is the best way to go? -- Sam Steingold (http://www.podval.org/~sds) running RedHat8 GNU/Linux <http://www.camera.org> <http://www.iris.org.il> <http://www.memri.org/> <http://www.mideasttruth.com/> <http://www.palestine-central.com/links.html> Sex is like air. It's only a big deal if you can't get any.


text:
Catching the Criminals: Mesothelioma Victim Frank Bender's Legacy
Sacramento, California
Sacramento is the capital city of California. It is the county seat of Sacramento County and has a current population of nearly 486,500, making it the sixth-largest city in the state. Founded in 1839 and incorporated in 1850, Sacramento is located at the juncture of the Sacramento and American Rivers. The rivers have played a role in various Sacramento industries, from agriculture and transportation to tourism and recreation. As a capital city, Sacramento's top employers are the State of California, and Sacramento County, followed by the UC Davis Health System. Sacramento is also home to the University of California, Sacramento.
Sacramento's founder, John Sutter, established a settlement in the Sacramento Valley with the help of the Mexican government in 1839, building an adobe fort and sawmill. When gold was discovered in 1848 at the mill, the resulting gold rush caused the city to expand rapidly into a center of commerce and transportation. In the late 19th century, the transcontinental railroad combined with advances in refrigeration and irrigation to make fruit-growing and food processing major industries in Sacramento. Crystal Cream & Butter was founded in 1901 and is still making local dairy products more than a century later. The Bercut-Richards packing company was established in 1931 in three-year old tomato-canning facility, and served as the Sacramento Army Depot during World War II. Although there has been some decline in agriculture in Sacramento in recent years, there has been an increased focus on tourism, education and healthcare.
Sacramento has a lengthy history of industry and construction, much of it during a period when asbestos-containing materials were widely used. Workers exposed to asbestos may be at risk for mesothelioma, a cancer of the lungs. Mesothelioma doctors in and around Sacramento are listed at the bottom of this page. If you were diagnosed with mesothelioma in Sacramento, you should also consider contacting a mesothelioma attorney for legal advice.
Asbestos Exposure at Jobsites in Sacramento
The Mesothelioma Cancer Alliance has compiled information obtained from a number of sources to identify the following jobsites in Sacramento where asbestos exposure was known to have occurred. These sites are listed below.
- A T & T - Watts Avenue
- Adeline Investment Company
- Aerojet General Corporation
- Air Products & Chemicals
- Airport Inn
- Almond Growers
- Alstin & Company
- American Can Company
- American River Hospital
- American River Junior College
- At&T
- Atlas Mechanical
- Austin & Company
- Bank of America
- Bank of California
- Bercut Richards Packing Company
- Breuners
- Buffalo Brewing Company
- C W Clark Walnut Grove.
- C.B. Hodnutt Plumbing & Heating
- C.C.T. Team Track
- Cal Expo Fairgrounds
- Calif School For Deaf and Blind
- California Almond Growers
- California Highway Patrol
- California Packing Corporation
- California State Capitol Building
- California State University
- Campbell Soup Company
- Capital Building
- Capital Gas Company
- Capitol Building
- Central Plant
- Chp Main Building
- City of Sacramento Sewage Pumping Plants
- County Administration Building
- Crane Supply Company
- Crystal Cream & Butter
- Del Campo High School
- Del Monte Corporation
- Department of Motor Vehicles
- Department of Transportation
- Dixon Cannery
- Dmv Building
- Douglas Oil Refinery
- Dry Creek School
- El Mirado - Capital Avenue
- Elk Grove High School
- Ellis Company
- Embarcadero
- Employment Development Department
- Enloe Hospital
- Fiberglas Engineering & Supply Company
- Florin Mall
- Foothill High School
- Frick Plumbing & Heating Shop
- G.W. Price Pump and Engine Company
- Gas Station
- General Electric Company (1131 S St)
- Goethe School
- Granite Construction
- Great Western Hotel
- Greenback - Greenback Lane & Auburn Boulevard
- Grinnell Corporation
- Grotons Dept Store
- Hales Dept Store
- Hateley & Hateley
- Hirum Johnson High School
- Hunt Foods
- Hunt's Tomato Plant
- Imotek
- J C Penny'S
- Jc Penney
- John Deterding Company
- Johnston & Washer Corp
- Kaiser Building
- Keyes Fibre Company
- L.D. Reeder Company, V St.
- Libby, Mcneill and Libby
- Libby's Food Cannery
- Linde Air Company
- Luther Burbank High School
- M.R. Carpenter
- Macy'S
- Mather Hospital
- Mcclatchey High School
- Mcclellan Air Force Base
- Mcclellan Field
- Mercy Convalescent Hospital
- Mercy General Hospital
- Metro Airport
- Metro Airport Motel
- Munz Brothers
- Munz Pumps, Inc.
- Nimbus Fish Hatchery
- Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation
- Pacific Bell
- Pacific Gas and Electric Company
- Pacific Telegraph & Telephone
- Pacilic Gas and Electric Company
- Proctor & Gamble
- Rancho Seco
- Ray O. Cook Mechanical Contractor
- Red Star Industrial Service
- Rio Americana High School
- Rocklin Supply Warehouse
- Sacramento Agricultural Building
- Sacramento Airport
- Sacramento Army Depot
- Sacramento Asbestos
- Sacramento Bee
- Sacramento Blood Bank
- Sacramento City College
- Sacramento County Administration Building
- Sacramento County Hospital
- Sacramento County Medical Center
- Sacramento Courthouse
- Sacramento El Gas and Railway Company
- Sacramento Electric Gas and Railway Company
- Sacramento Inn
- Sacramento Municipal Utility District
- Sacramento Northern Rr
- Sacramento Stucco Company
- Sacramento Tunnel
- Safeway
- San Juan School
- Southern Pacific Railroad
- Southern Pacific Team Track
- Stanislaus Hospital
- State Building
- Sutter General Hospital
- Sutter Memorial Hospital
- Swamp Land Reclamation District
- Swanston and Son
- Telephone Building
- Towers Plaza
- Tri Valley Growers
- Trifty Drug - Greenback & Auburn
- Uc Davis Medical Center
- Union Carbide, Linde Division
- Union Chemical
- Union Pacific Railroad
- United States Army Air Corps.
- University of California - Davis Medical Center
- Us Air Force Mather Afb
- Us Air Force Mcclellan Afb
- Us Army Depot
- Us Engineers Mcclellan Field
- Us Post Office
- Vincent Supply Company
- W.L. Hickey & Sons, Inc.
- Walnut Growers of Sacramento
- War Department., Us Army Corporation
- Water Resources Building
- Weinstock Lubin Department Store
- Wells Fargo Bank
- Western MacCarthur Company
- Western Pacific Railroad Company
- Whitefront Bowling Alley
- Woodland Hospital
Mesothelioma Cancer Centers near Sacramento, California
For your convenience, we have compiled a list of mesothelioma cancer centers that are located within a 100 mile radius of Sacramento, California. Please click on a cancer center link to obtain more information about the clinical programs offered, professional designations, areas of expertise and how to contact the center.
UCSF Medical Center at Mount Zion
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
1600 Divisadero Street
San Francisco, CA 94115
Distance: 75.7 miles
University of California San Francisco Medical Center
505 Parnassus Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94143
Distance: 75.5 miles
Stanford Cancer Institute
Stanford Cancer Center
875 Blake Wilbur Drive
Stanford, CA 94305
Distance: 88.3 miles
Mesothelioma Doctors near Sacramento, California
For your convenience, we have compiled a list of mesothelioma doctors that are located within a 100 mile radius of Sacramento, California. Please click on a doctor link to obtain more information about his/her background, areas of expertise, professional affiliations, and office locations.
Dr. Mark W. Lischner
Pulmonary Medicine Associates
5 Medical Plaza Drive, Suite 190
Roseville, CA 95661
Distance: 16.3 miles
Dr. David M. Jablons
UCSF Medical Center at Mount Zion
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
1600 Divisadero Street, Fourth Floor
San Francisco, CA 94143
Distance: 75.5 miles
Dr. Thierry Marie Jahan
UCSF Medical Center at Mount Zion
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
1600 Divisadero St., Fourth Floor
San Francisco, CA 94143
Distance: 75.5 miles
Dr. Mark R. Cullen
Stanford School of Medicine
1265 Welch Rd
Stanford, CA 94305
Distance: 88.3 miles
Filing an Asbestos Lawsuit in Sacramento, California
Don't lose your rights! If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with mesothelioma and were exposed to asbestos in California, you may be entitled to compensation. You may have limited time to file a claim. If you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma and have a pathology report in hand to support that diagnosis, you are eligible for financial assistance.
Asbestos Related News in California
CA Supreme Court Says Companies May Be Held Liable for Secondhand Asbestos Exposure
The Supreme Court of California has issued a ruling that companies can be held accountable for secondary exposure to asbestos in a worker's home.
Atezolizumab Approved for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab has been approved for use with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients.


text:
Saas-Fee: Cosy, luxurious apartment block Perla. Zentrale Lage, Nähe Alpin Express Talstation.
Perla 38, 4-room attic apartment 140 m2 on 2 levels, south-west facing position, spacious and bright, tasteful and wooden furniture furnishings: open large living/dining room with open fireplace and dining table. 1 double bedroom with 1 double bed and 2 sleeping possibilities (1 x 140 cm, length 170 cm). Exit to the balcony. Open kitchen (oven, dishwasher, ceramic glass hob, micro wave, electric coffee machine). Bath/WC. Upper floor: 1 double bedroom with 2 beds. Exit to the balcony, south facing position. 1 large double bedroom with sloping ceilings with 1 double bed and 2 sleeping possibilities (1 x 120 cm, length 170 cm). Bath/shower/WC, jacuzzi. Panoramic view. Facilities: Internet (Wireless LAN [WLAN]).
Hotel Dishwasher
Hotel Internet Access
Hotel Jacuzzi
Hotel Microwave
Room Bath
Room Cooker


text:
Update: It looks like this coupon is BACK AGAIN!
Woohoo! We had a new Huggies Wipes coupon pop up today with NO Size Restrictions! Kroger carries the 32 ct for only $1 regularly so that means that we can get them for FREE!
$1/1 Huggies Wipes *NO Size Restrictions* printable coupon (preclipped/zip 77477)
***To change your zip code (if necessary), CLICK HERE and enter the listed zip code associated with the coupon. After doing so, come back to this page and click the coupon link and it should be pre-clipped for you (if I have listed the coupon as "pre-clipped.")
At Kroger:
BUY ONE HUGGIES WIPES 32 ct – regular price $1
use one $1/1 Huggies Wipes *NO Size Restrictions* printable coupon (preclipped/zip 77477)
Net Price: FREE
Never miss another hot coupon, deal or freebie again! "Like" Couponaholic .NET on Facebook, Follow us on Pinterest, Follow us on Twitter, Follow us on Instagram or Subscribe to our Daily Email Newsletter!


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Vatsa Narasimha, President and Chief Executive Officer
Vatsa Narasimha is the President and Chief Executive Officer of OANDA Corporation, a recognized global leader in foreign exchange data, retail trading and payments. OANDA has processed billions of real-money transactions and is used by hundreds of thousands of worldwide partners, including numerous Fortune 500 companies, the big four accounting firms, the IRS and its equivalents around the world. In his role as CEO, Mr. Narasimha has extensive executive experience working with financial institutions on a variety of growth strategy, corporate development and operational issues. Prior to joining OANDA Mr. Narasimha was a Principal with The Boston Consulting Group. He holds a Masters degree in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University as well as an MBA in Mergers & Acquisitions from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Javier Martell
General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
Javier heads the legal function for OANDA. He has over 25 years of experience in providing counsel to global technology companies and managing legal departments in support of business objectives. He was most recently the General Counsel at Boku, Inc. the leading direct carrier billing mobile payments provider. Javier received his law degree from The Law School at The University of Chicago and his Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from the University of Florida.
Courtney Gibson
Chief Information Security Officer
Siddhartha Valluri
Global Chief Risk and Compliance Officer
Courtney Gibson leads OANDA's strategic and operational work related to data security, corporate IT and business intelligence. Courtney has more than 25 years of experience in software development, with extensive experience in both the telecommunications and FinTech sectors, and he has led a number of engineering and operations teams since joining OANDA in 2003. He is active in the computer security sector, having held an adjunct appointment with the University of Toronto since 2000, coordinating courses in Computer Security and Operating Systems for their Department of Computer Engineering.
Sid leads OANDA's Regulatory Compliance operation dealing with seven major regulatory regimes across the world. He also oversees the firm's global Risk Management operation. Sid has previously served as Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer of Odessa Capital, a forex and commodity futures hedge fund. He is also a former McKinsey & Company consultant who has held leadership roles at several companies. Sid holds a B.Tech in Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, and a MS and PhD in Aerospace and Electrical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology. He earned the the Certified AML Specialist (CAMS) and the Certified Advanced AML Audit Specialist (CAMS-Audit) credential from the Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS). He also holds an Investment Adviser license.
Natasha Lala
Managing Director, Solutions for Business
Kazuaki Takabatake
Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Asia Pacific, OANDA
Natasha is the Managing Director for OANDA's Solutions for Business group, which provides a full suite of foreign exchange services to corporations worldwide. She has been at OANDA since 2003 and held a variety of executive roles, including most recently Chief of Staff and Vice President of Engineering. Previously, Natasha led large-scale client-facing initiatives in the CRM, telecom, and financial industries. She has a BASc in computer engineering from the University of Toronto.
An industry veteran with close to 25 years experience in the financial services sector, Kazuaki Takabatake is OANDA's Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer for Asia Pacific, responsible for driving OANDA's continued growth across the region. Before joining OANDA, Kazuaki previously spent six years as Chief Executive Officer with Saxo Capital Markets, however he has also has a rich FinTech pedigree, having served as Chief Commercial Officer at Allocated Bullion Solutions and spent several years establishing Patsystems' regional operation. He holds a B. Eng. (Hons) in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from the University of Southampton.
Neil McDonald
Head of Trading
Laura Kavanagh
Vice President, Human Resources
Neil leads the global trading, quantitative analytics and research groups at OANDA and is responsible for the strategic growth of the electronic trading business. Neil has 30 years of trading experience in major Investment banks and hedge funds. Most recently Neil was a Managing Director at ITG, previous to that Neil was Managing Director, Global Head of Electronic Market-Making and Head of US Derivatives Trading for JP Morgan. Over his career Neil has held senior roles at Citadel, Morgan Stanley, Lehman Brothers and Goldman Sachs, where he was an Executive Director from 1990-1997. Neil was a board member of the Boston Options Exchange and has held advisory committee positions at the Options Clearing Corporation, Eurex and ISDA. He holds a Bsc (Hons) in Biochemistry from Imperial College, London U.K and is an Associate of the Royal College of Science.
Laura leads OANDA's global Human Resources department. An HR professional with more than 15 years of experience, she joined OANDA in 2008 after serving in several senior positions at Corus Entertainment and Alliance Films. Laura holds a BA in Mathematics from York University and an Honours Graduate Certificate in Human Resources Management from Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology.
Kittu Kolluri
Vatsa Narasimha
President and Chief Executive Officer
Kittu Kolluri is a General Partner at New Enterprise Associates, where he focuses on information technology and energy technology investments. He serves on several private companies' boards. Prior to NEA, Kittu was Executive VP and GM for the Security Products Group at Juniper Networks, was President and CEO of Neoteris, and co-founded Healtheon/WebMD. He earned a B.Tech. (M.E.) from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India, and an M.S. in Operations Research from SUNY, Buffalo, NY.
Vatsa Narasimha is the President and Chief Executive Officer of OANDA Corporation, a recognized global leader in foreign exchange data, retail trading and payments. OANDA has processed billions of real-money transactions and is used by hundreds of thousands of worldwide partners, including numerous Fortune 500 companies, the big four accounting firms, the IRS and its equivalents around the world. In his role as CEO, Mr. Narasimha has extensive executive experience working with financial institutions on a variety of growth strategy, corporate development and operational issues. Prior to joining OANDA Mr. Narasimha was a Principal with The Boston Consulting Group. He holds a Masters degree in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University as well as an MBA in Mergers & Acquisitions from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Michael Stumm
Mich Mathews-Spradlin
Michael Stumm is a co-founder of OANDA. He has a Ph.D in computer science and is a tenured professor of computer engineering at the University of Toronto. A specialist in distributed and parallel systems, internet technology, and e-commerce, Michael has authored more than 100 scientific articles in leading peer-reviewed journals and has five published U.S. patents. He has contributed his expertise to institutions such as IBM, Stanford University, the University of Toronto, and the ETH in Zurich.
Mich Mathews-Spradlin, a former CMO and SVP of Microsoft, oversaw the company's global marketing function, including the household brands of Windows, Office, Xbox, Internet Explorer and Bing. She retired from Microsoft after 22 years. She has a degree in Business from the University of Brighton. Mathews-Spradlin serves on the boards of Caltech, The Wendy's Company, UCLA's school of Film, Theater and Television and Unilever's digital advisory board. She serves on the private boards of You and Mr. Jones, OANDA Corp, The Bouqs and Bitium. Mathews-Spradlin also spends her time angel investing, primarily in the technology sector and regularly guest lectures at both USC and UCLA.
Kuno Kennel
Jan Hammer
Kuno Kennel is a veteran of the European financial industry and has more than 20 years of experience including Managing Director roles with both Barclays Capital and RBS Global Banking & Markets in Switzerland. In addition to his seat with OANDA and other prestigious financial companies, Kuno is currently Chairman of the Board at leading Swiss retail bank Schwyzer Kantonalbank. He holds a Certified European Financial Analyst designation, as well as being a graduate of INSEAD's International Executive Programme.
Jan Hammer is a partner and investor at the venture capital firm Index Ventures. He also serves as a board member for Credit Benchmark, BitPay, and Adyen. Prior to joining Index Ventures in 2010, he worked at General Atlantic in London. Before that, Jan worked at Morgan Stanley in M&A, technology, media, and telecommunications, and at its capital markets divisions in London and New York. He holds an MBA with Distinction from INSEAD, and a MA in philosophy, politics, and economics from the University of Oxford. Prior to joining Index, Jan worked at General Atlantic in London, where he was involved with investments in Kaspersky Lab, Northgate Information Solutions and Torex Retail. Jan also worked at Morgan Stanley in its M&A, TMT and Capital Markets divisions.
Steve Freiberg
Tyler Sloat
Steve is currently a Senior Advisor to the Boston Consulting Group, Verisk Analytics, and [24]7. He also serves on the Board of Regional Management Corp., and has been a member of MasterCard's Board since it went public in 2006, and chairs its Audit Committee. He also served on Mastercard's U.S. Board from 2000-2006, which he chaired for several years. He also serves on the Board of Trustees for both the March of Dimes and Hofstra University. Steve's career in financial services has spans more than 34 years. He was the CEO of Etrade Financial Corporation and previously was the Co-Chairman and CEO of Citigroup's Global Consumer Group. He was also a Board Member of Citi's Foundation and served on Etrade's Board from 2010-2012 which he chaired in 2011.
Tyler has been the Chief Financial Officer of Zuora, Inc., the recognized leader in subscription management software, for six years. At Zuora, he has managed all G&A functions, sales and technical operations and has led the efforts to raise more than $200M of equity capital while helping steer the company to achieve ~20X ARR growth during his tenure. Prior to Zuora, Tyler was the CFO of Obopay, a Controller at Network Appliance (NTAP), head of finance for Decru (sold to NTAP) and Controller of POET Software (IPO in 1999). Tyler started his professional career with Coopers & Lybrand. Tyler is a registered CPA (inactive) in the State of California, he has an MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business and a BA from Boston College. Tyler currently sits on the Board of Directors for Compass Professional Health and OANDA Corporation.
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I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the downfall of a foe who had fought so long and valiantly, and had suffered so much for a cause, though that cause was, I believe, one of the worst for which a people ever fought, and one for which there was the least excuse. I do not question, however, the sincerity of the great mass of those who were opposed to us.Levin then offers his perspective on both Ayers' and Grant's remarks:
Ayers correctly notes that Grant's assessment could be and was interpreted in a way that allowed ex-Confederates to frame their bid for independence as a noble cause. It certainly did not capture Grant's understanding of the event and Ayers forcefully encourages his audience to acknowledge that it should not color our own.I would disagree with the notion that when it comes to our understanding of the South's "cause", Grant's assessment and understanding should not "color our own." Why not? Varying degrees of Grant's feelings and thoughts (in regards to the Southern Army's valiant struggle and Lee's character) were shared by many of Lee's former enemies. For example:
I turned about, and there behind me, riding between my two lines, appeared a commanding form, superbly mounted, richly accoutered, of imposing bearing, noble countenance, with expression of deep sadness overmastered by deeper strength. It is none other than Robert E. Lee! ... I sat immovable, with a certain awe and admiration. ~ Union General Joshua Chamberlain at Appomattox.And Chamberlain also wrote:
How could we help falling on our knees, all of us together, and praying God to forgive us all. ~ Joshua Chamberlain on the surrender at Appomattox.And . . .
He was one who, though famous, was not honeycombed with ambition or tainted with cunning or cant, and though a soldier and wearing soldier's laurels, yet never craved or sought honors except as they bloomed on deeds done for the glory of his lawfully constituted authority; in short a soldier to whom the sense of duty was a gospel and a man of the world whose only rule in life was that life should be upright and stainless. I cannot but think Providence meant, through him, to prolong the ideal of the gentleman in the world . . . It is easy to see why Lee has become the embodiment of one of the world's ideals, that of the soldier, the Christian, and the gentleman. And from the bottom of my heart I thank Heaven . . . for the comfort of having a character like Lee's to look at. ~ Union General Morris Schaff referring to Lee's surrender at which Schaff was present.And . . .
On a quite autumn morning, in the land he loved so well, and, as he held, served so faithfully, the spirit of Robert Edward Lee left the clay which it had so much ennobled, and traveled out of this world into the great and mysterious land. The expressions of regret which sprang from the few who surrounded the bedside of the dying soldier, on yesterday, will be swelled today into one mighty voice of sorrow, resounding throughout our country, and extending over all parts of the world where his great genius and his many virtues are known. For not to the Southern people alone shall be limited the tribute of a tear over the dead Virginian. Here in the North, forgetting that the time was when the sword of Robert Edward Lee was drawn against us—forgetting and forgiving all the years of bloodshed and agony—we have claimed him as one of ourselves; have cherished and felt proud of his military genius as belonging to us; have recounted and recorded his triumphs as our own; have extolled his virtue as reflecting upon us—for Robert Edward Lee was an American, and the great nation which gave him birth would be today unworthy of such a son if she regarded him lightly.We often read that the popular images of Confederate heroes such as Robert E. Lee were created solely by "Lost Cause" sympathizers after the war and for the sole purpose to "maintain the old order." What utter nonsense. Actually, that is the new "myth." Lee was considered a hero long before "Lost Cause" ideas took root in the South.
Never had mother nobler son. In him the military genius of America developed to a greater extent than ever before. In him all that was pure and lofty in mind and purpose found lodgment. Dignified without presumption, affable without familiarity, he united all those charms of manner which made him the idol of his friends and of his soldiers, and won for him the respect and admiration of the world. Even as, in the days of his triumph, glory did not intoxicate, so, when the dark clouds swept over him, adversity did not depress. From the hour that he surrendered his sword at Appomattox to the fatal autumn morning, he passed among men, noble in the quiet, simple dignity, displaying neither bitterness nor regret over the irrevocable past. He conquered us in misfortune by the grand manner in which he sustained himself, even as he dazzled us by his genius when the tramp of his soldiers resounded through the valleys of Virginia. And for such a man we are all tears and sorrow today. Standing beside his grave, all men of the South and men of the North can mourn with all the bitterness of four years of warfare erased by this common bereavement. May this unity of grief—this unselfish manifestation over the loss of the Bayard of America—in the season of dead leaves and withered branches which this death ushers in, bloom and blossom like the distant coming spring into the flowers of a heartier accord. ~ Editorial from the New York Herald the day after Lee's death.
I tell you, sir, that Robert E. Lee is the greatest soldier now living, and if he ever gets the opportunity, he will prove himself the greatest captain of history. ~ General Winfield Scott, just before the War Between the States.Scott's assessment is correct (as history so plainly reveals) and it is why Lincoln first offered command of the Union army to Lee. I suppose we should not let that fact color our understanding either.
Apparently, Lee's undying status as a truly American icon of honor and nobility (along with the "Lost Cause") live rent free in the minds of certain historians. It's an obsession. As the New York Herald editorial noted Lee's "conquering" even in his defeat, the same still seems to hold true today, despite the efforts of some.
My advice would be to ignore the advice of those Lee continues to conquer and allow history and the understanding of Lee's former enemies to color our own.


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Running Time: 94 minutes
Released: 11/2009
Studio Name: AVBOX Inc. Mugen
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The Classics Mixed Case
Your Classics mixed case includes
Burke Family Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon
Made in the classic style, this wine serves up blackberry, currant, fresh herbs, and a hint of cedar with the lush fruit guiding you along the way. This wine goes perfectly with foods with umami flavors like burgers with bacon and Gorgonzola cheese or mom's homemade meatloaf.
Rivers End Reserve Merlot
A wonderful wine from the River's End winemakers with ripe berry fruit flavors and aromas with a nice touch of oak. An amazingly versatile choice for serving with grilled duck, turkey, chicken, braised lamb, pork or beef – and a nice partner for dishes featuring a rich tomato sauce.
Kalder Syrah
A dedication to quality from the vineyard to the bottle is reflected in this "growers lot" wine from the central California winemakers of Kalder. Served with your favorite roasts or slow-simmered meat dishes, this bold, rich treat will add a special touch to everyday dining or your most important occasions. Deep purple in color, its aromas and flavors of ripe plum and wild berry are carried by soft tannins through a clean, flavorful finish.
Sierra Trails Old Vine Zinfandel
Coming to us from some of the oldest Zinfandel plantings in California, the Sierra Trails Old Vine Zinfandel is a complex wine offering aromas of ripe berry, dried plum and red currants. These remarkable fragrances are echoed in the flavoring where a hint tobacco, black pepper spice and sweet oak lifts the fruit and carry them through a lingering finish.
Cachil Reserva Cabernet Sauvignon
Colchagua Valley, Chile is home to many amazing wineries producing gorgeous Cabernet Sauvignon, just like Cachil. This reserve offering from one of the premier Cabernet Sauvignon producing regions of Valle Central boasts beautiful flavors from this stunning vintage. Currants, raspberry, and cassis take the lead, followed by hints of cocoa. Enjoyably lighter in body than most cabs from this region, it has a medium body and a smooth silky finish. Chile is known for being innovative with wine over the last decade and this is a great example of why wines in from this region are a perfect fit for most occasions. It's no wonder why Colchagua Valley was named Wine Region of the Year in 2005 by Wine Enthusiast Magazine.
Leaping Horse Merlot
Who says Merlot isn't enjoyable? We think quite the contrary. When this iconic grape is crafted correctly it produces very delicious results. Now this textbook Merlot comes with a twist as 5% Cabernet Sauvignon is blended in to round out the wine and provide very enjoyable soft tannins and a smooth finish. Luscious fruit of plum and black cherry, with a pinch of fresh herbs round out the flavor profile. Because of its soft tannins and luscious fruit, Merlot is a delicious wine that's food-friendly or can be savored by itself. It works with many types of meat or fowl, such as roast turkey or chicken, grilled blackened salmon, pasta with meat sauces, pork, grilled vegetables or a steak salad.
Backstory Sauvignon Blanc
Vibrant grapefruit and zesty citrus paired perfectly with green flavors and a refreshingly crisp and sharp mouthfeel. This latest vintage from Back Story will surely pass your expectations.
Flatrock Chardonnay
Ripe round flavors of fresh apple, peach, pear, and lemon, balanced with creamy overtones and slight touch of French oak. Pick up a few cheeses at the grocery store to pair with this California Chardonnay and add lasting memories whenever you like.
Hayton Family Reserve Chardonnay
It has a refreshing "say no to oak" style – bright and light with citrus, apple and tropical fruit aromas and flavors. A gentle acidity adds structure while allowing the delicate fruit flavors to shine. Versatile and food-friendly, it makes a good choice with seafood, poultry, or pasta dishes with butter-based sauces.
MYTH Viognier
When you discover the power of Viognier's persuasion, you won't look back. If you love wines that are fruity with nice vibrancy and a beautifully floral nose, then MYTH is a Viognier you want to try. Flavors of peaches, apricots, Meyer lemons and hibiscus are paired with a nice minerality and lush finish. MYTH will make you fall in love with Viognier.
Qapay Reserve Sauvignon Blanc
Qapay Sauvignon Blanc is a classic example of what can be done with this popular variety in Central Chile. The grapes are exposed to wonderful sun and an almost greenhouse-like regularity of dry, hot days and dry, cool nights throughout the growing season--near perfect ripening conditions. The result is a clean, citrusy, lean and fresh wine. The nose is full of grapefruit and green apple followed by zesty flavors of green fruits, lime, and floral notes and a long, crisp finish. Outstanding as an aperitif or a cocktail wine, it is also ideal with salads using arugula, fennel, or roasted bell peppers, and is a refreshing companion for richer white meats like pork and lobster.
Bayshore Vintners Pinot Grigio
This lovely wine from Bayshore is produced from one of the first vineyards in California planted with Pinot Grigio that originally focused on dessert wines. That is until a wine importer, seeing the potential for table wines, used these grapes to launch a line of food-friendly table wines. Gorgeous aromas jump out of the glass and delicious flavors of melon, citrus and tangerine are completed by a refreshing thread of crisp acidity.


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Dr. Kaidi is certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery. He is also an active member of the American Society of Plastic Surgery and the California Society of Plastic Surgeons. He is also a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons.
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A CHARITY supporting people with learning difficulties is soon to have a presence in Dorchester town centre.
Mid Dorset Mencap is marking Learning Disability Week this week and has announced it is set to open a shop in High East Street in the autumn.
The group is also currently setting up an eBay charity shop, where people can donate items for sale to raise funds.
When the Dorchester shop is launched it will be open two days a week – Tuesdays and Wednesdays – to begin with and will offer opportunities for people with learning disabilities to gain valuable experience through volunteering.
As well as items for sale, the shop will also provide information relating to the various organisations that support people with learning difficulties.
Vice chair of Mid Dorset Mencap Mervyn Harris said: "This is a big step forward for the Mid Dorset Mencap group to provide opportunities for local people with learning difficulties and give Mid Dorset Mencap a 'shop window' to highlight the support that our group give to people with learning difficulties."
The shop will officially launch in the autumn, but for further details or to make donations please email firstname.lastname@example.com