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Brace yourself for sticker shock — at your insurance agent's office…The House Energy and Commerce Committee has released a report, based on internal documents from 17 insurance giants, including Aetna, Blue Cross and Kaiser. They estimate that when Obamacare kicks in next year, the average individual health insurance policy will go up in cost by 100 percent. For instance, the cost to a new customer of an individual policy is expected to nearly double, from about $1900 a year to over $3700. But that's just the average. Some people will see price spikes of over 400 percent. The reason is that millions of uninsured people, many with expensive preexisting conditions, are being added to the insurance pool. At the same time, the government is mandating one-size-fits-all coverage that pays for every condition, from pregnancy to drug rehab, even if the buyer doesn't want or need it. Gosh, if only someone had been able to predict that when you vastly increase covered medical services, it makes insurance more expensive, not cheaper. Unfortunately, that would require a tiny smidgeon of common sense. And this bill came out of Washington.
- Janet on Support Us!
- Ma bell on Support Us!
- Kevin Bryant on Comptroller General Eckstrom's remarks on pension crisis
- Alan on Comptroller General Eckstrom's remarks on pension crisis
- Alan on Dunktoberfest 10.22.2016 at the Uptown Lounge
- Alan on c4L's take on Anderson's hospitality tax hike
- LIBERTYLOVER on Live election results: Republican primary June 14, 2016
- larry and Irene Mullikin on fact vs. fiction
- Alan on Independent Mail Letter to Editor
- new voter in Anderson on bio


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subset: commoncrawl


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Valuations are currently cheap and Japanese investors—flush with cash—are beginning to come back to the markets. It won't be long before institutional investors start showing interest, according to some analysts.
Read Article...
Crude oil prices have been mostly held back by the temporary oversupply mostly due to the stagnant and declining demand among developed nations. However, over the coming months, oil prices should push higher reflecting the changing global demand-supply pattern.
Till a few years ago, the co-operative sugar mills were not in favour of removing government control. But now, the National Sugar Cooperative Factories Federation has also agreed to a free market
With India's sugar output expected to rebound in the next crop year, agriculture minister Sharad Pawar said the time is now "proper" for the government to give a serious thought to decontrolling the sugar industry, reports PTI.
The government controls the sugar sector right from fixing the support price of cane to the quantity of sweetener to be sold in the open market every month.
"I honestly feel that the trend which I am observing, I hope this will continue. If the trend continues, this is the proper time to create a situation where nobody should come to the Food Ministry. This is a proper time to give a serious thought to withdraw various types of controls," Mr Pawar said.
The Indian Sugar Mills Association (ISMA), the apex body for private sugar mills, has been demanding the decontrol of the sector for some years now.
Till a few years ago, the co-operative sugar mills were not in favour of removing the government control. But now, the National Sugar Cooperative Factories Federation (NSCFF) has also agreed for a free market.
Mr Pawar had also said in May that government was not even thinking of decontrolling the industry.
Elaborating the sugar production trend, the minister said the country's sugar output has improved to 18.5 million tonne in the 2009-10 crop year (October-September) from the earlier estimate of around 16 million tonnes.
Also, the sown area under sugarcane for the next crop year is also higher, he said.
As per the official data, sugarcane has been planted in 47.37 lakh hectares till 1st July, against 41.79 lakh hectares in the same period last year.
Recently, the state cane commissioners have estimated sugar production in the 2010-11 crop year to be at 23 million tonne, while the industry bodies have pegged more than this.
India, the world's second biggest producer but largest consumer of sweetener, requires 23 million tonnes of sugar to meet its annual demand.


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TRENT FETFAN Photographer
Harlie DawnModel Female Jacksonville, North Carolina, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/harliedawn
Mayhem # 2297254
About MeBeing photographed is something that I have always loved doing. I took a class and went to some competitions when I was younger, but I never found the right opportunity. Now that I have accomplished many things I want to build a portfolio and start my career in modeling. I love pin-up, fashion, swim suit, and edgy shoots! I want my portfolio to be diverse and show all the different looks that I can pull off. I don't do nudes and if I haven't shot with you before, I will bring an escort. Looking to do lots of photo trading, if you have a creative idea! The best way to contact me is through email.
Update: As of April 29th I am 11 weeks pregnant with my first child, so in a couple months I will be available for belly shoots!
Have you worked with Harlie Dawn? Add Credits for Harlie Dawn! >>
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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Send email upon customer selectionAsked by mclarisa on October 29, 2016 at 01:37 PM
I have a form that I need email to be sent to a specific email address according to what customer have selected in the form, I have set up email notifications as Menu 1, Menu 2 and Other combinations, I made three test submissions and all them are sent to the Menu 1 email which is the account email.
form https://form.jotform.co/62915289451867.
Can you help me or suggest me how to set conditionals.
JotForm Support
Hello mclarisa,
I checked your form and you're on track on how to use the conditions to send an email alert to a specific email address.
Although there is no need to use different menu for email alerts as its contents automatically change and dependent on the form submitted. Unless there is a static (non-changing) content on the email notification that you have created for Menu 1 and Menu 2.
So this is how I would run the condition:
If you have questions, please let us know.
The problem is that all submissions are going to email notification set as Other Combinations which is the email that is linked with the account. I need those specific combinations goes only to specific email addresses, but not to the Other Combinations email, in that way when my client fill out the form and choose other options combination only then will go to Other Combinations email.
JotForm Support
Please note that non-conditional email notifications are emailed with each form submission. It means that you will also need to add some conditions for your 'Other Combinations' email notification.
Try with the following conditions:
If you need any further assistance, please let us know.


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- Shrek as Tommy Pickles
- Donkey as Dil Pickles
- Cameron as Angelica Pickles
- Ferdinand (from Babe) as Didi Pickles
- Rex (from Babe) as Stu Pickles
- Big Bad Wolf as Chuckie Finster
- Pac-Man (from Pac-Man) as Lil
- Sonic (from Sonic) as Phil
- Knuckles (from Sonic) as Betty
- Ferdinand: See, they already love each other.
- Donkey: What?!
- Shrek: (Donkey tweaks his Shrek's nose.) AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAH! AAAAH, AAAAAAAAAAAAAAHHHH!!
- Shrek and Donkey: AIEEEEYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHHH! AAAAAAAAAAAAAAHH! AAAAAAAAAHH! AAAAAAAAAAAHH!!
- Knuckles: Well that's a start.
- Donkey: (He cries, and Rex is a morning clothes. Somebody was Ferdinand still big mess.)
- Rex: Ferdinard? What are we gonna do? He was a stop cryin' since you brought a home!


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How to Find a Nude Beach in Colorado. Though land-locked, Colorado does have access to clothing optional or nude beaches. Here's how to find them.
Villa Grove Colorado, home to the Valley View Hot Springs and part of the Orient Land Trust, is easily reached from Denver, Pueblo and Colorado Springs.
At Valley View Hot Springs, you will have access to four natural ponds, a natural swimming pool and a hot pool.
If you are looking for a place to swim and sunbathe in the nude, consider the Dakota Hot Springs in Penrose, Colorado, which is also easy to reach from Denver, Colorado Springs and Pueblo.
Check with organizations such as the American Association for Nude Recreation to find other naturist recreation areas (see Resources below).
Consult Colorado nudist groups such as Denver's Rocky Mountain Naturists or Fort Collins's Colorado Naturist Families to find organized trips to other nude beach areas.
Related Searches
You May Also Like
How to Find a Nude Beach in Alabama
It is possible to find nude bathing areas in Alabama. Here are a few suggestions, including swimming holes that may be used...
How to Find a Nude Beach in Vermont
Vermont is, in most cases, a place where people are comfortable in their skin. Known too for winding rivers amidst the mountains...
Clothing-Optional Resorts in Palm Springs, California
The city of Palm Springs in Southern California is a secluded resort destination tucked into the shadow of the San Jacinto Mountains,...


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Reviews (0)
What's in the Box
This helmet is garage sale priced because it has some light scratches form being used on a display.
No Warranty, No Returns On Garage Sale Items
Based on the HP7 design and featuring an ultra-lightweight carbon shell using Bell's high-pressure resin transfer molding system, the RS7 Carbon uses an innovative shell and shield design to improve acoustic comfort, aerodynamic performance and energy absorbing capacities. The sleek, aerodynamic design features an advanced ventilation system with 14 intake and extraction channels with carbon air intake covers.
- RS7 Carbon Advanced Series
- Sleek, Aerodynamic Design
- Ultra-Lightweight carbon shell
- FIA8858-2010 Homologation
- Snell SA2010 certification
- Sizes 7-1/8 (57) to 7-3/4 (62)
- Double screen anti-fog visor insert
- SE07 3MM shield
Additional features:
- Advanced ventilation system with 14 intake and extraction channels with carbon air intake covers
- Compatible with ear cups to reduce ambient noise
- Hollow synthetic rubber gasket ensuring that air and water cant penetrate into the helmet
- Designed to work with Bell's Chin Bar, Top Gurney, and Rear Spoiler Kits
- Adapted for closed car forms of racing with top forced air inserts to improve ventilation
- M6 terminal hardware for head and neck restraint devices
Bell Helmet Sizing Chart (PDF)
Proper Fitting Guidelines (PDF)
Bell Helmet FAQ (PDF)


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Thank you for visiting our dedicated publications page for healthcare professionals.
Below is a selection of our key leaflet ranges; Spotting the signs of cancer, Cut your cancer risk and Patient information services which are recommended for health settings such as GP surgeries, pharmacies and hospital waiting rooms. You can also order our specially tailored resource packs that include the most popular publications of each key range.
And there's more - to see our full range of leaflets and posters, use the navigation options at the top of this page.
If you have any problems using our site and would like help placing an order please call 0203 469 8333.
This leaflet provides practical guidance on how to reduce the risk of cancer by eating and drinking healthily.


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Today's Devotional
Streams of MercyWhat steps can you take to adopt God's perspective on mercy?
Top Music Videos
taylorswiftrocks's FavoritesBack to taylorswiftrocks's channel.
- The Boys Are Back (High School Musical) ParadyIf you're a HSM3 fan, you might enjoy this. If not, you might enjoy my cousin and I making fools of ourselves. Nevertheless, good times. =)praiseyouinthestorm2010-10-02T00:47:212,727 views00:03:46
- Funny laughThis kid has the best laugh I have seen.ianshinn2010-10-02T00:47:2219,076 views00:01:40
- Mario and Luigi review Nintendo DSi pt.1Mario and Luigi are out from the game and into the reviewing world. They will review the new Nintendo DSi and show you some cool features and stuff! Hope you enjoy!
~Supergamer15mariomania2010-10-02T00:48:113,987 views00:05:36
- Kaitlyn Maher's Electronic Press Kit (EPK)Kaitlyn Maher's Electronic Press Kit (EPK). Kaitlyn Maher was only 4 years old when she became the youngest ever Top 10 finalist on the hit NBC show "America's Got Talent." For more information, please visit Kaitlyn's MySpace page at www...kaitlynmaherofficial2010-10-02T00:48:1220,147 views00:04:50
- Happy Birthday Laura!This is my birthday gift to my sister in christ and best friend Laura. I'm so blessed to have u as a friend. Love ya! and God bless you my friend! Happy Birthday gurl!!!!partofkatzworld2010-10-02T00:48:201,178 views00:06:05
- God so loved the WorldFor God so loved the world,that he gave his one and only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on him should not perish, but have eternal life. John 3:16 The video was created by a fifth grader. Enjoy and may God bless you!mhcs2010-10-02T00:48:231,280 views00:04:58
- Hello goodbyeThis video was created by a 5th grader with the images of God's creationmhcs2010-10-02T00:48:241,321 views00:03:51
- Tessa is so meeeean!wow it took me forever to upload this vidcrazydoglady2010-10-02T00:49:291,707 views00:01:06
- Berries and CreamHilarious!starwarsfans2010-10-02T00:49:302,300 views00:00:30
- Miley Cyrus - The Climb - Official Music VideoThe Climb is the brand new hit single from Miley Cyrus available on Hannah Montana: The Movie Soundtrack in stores March 24! Hannah Montana: The Movie only in Theaters April 10hannahmontanamovie2010-10-02T00:49:3334,497 views00:03:46
- Miley Cyrus - Hoedown Throwdown - Music VideoWatch the new music video - Hoedown Throwdown - from the new movie HANNAH MONTANA THE MOVIE.
Soundtrack available March 24. Movie only in theaters April 10.hannahmontanamovie2010-10-02T00:49:3317,539 views00:01:31
- Check it Out GirlsCheck it out girls skit!alliekitcat82010-10-02T00:49:562,460 views00:01:41
- Jonas Brothers Hello Beautiful AcousticJonas Brothers Hello Beautifulhiphop4jesus2010-10-02T00:50:522,997 views00:02:35
- Cat and BoxMy favorite part...when he jumps out of the box. HILARIOUS!animalpics2010-10-02T00:51:126,021 views00:01:54
- "The Climb" by Miley CyrusDream Center Dancers during our sunday worship dancing to "The Climb" by Miley Cyrusdreamcenterdance2010-10-02T00:51:145,424 views00:02:15


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1965-1969 Kennedy Half Dollar
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Though 90% silver circulating U.S. coins ended in 1964, Kennedy half dollars alone continued to be minted in 40% silver from 1965-1970. Referred to as Silver Clad, these coins are prized issues in the continuing Kennedy series, honoring one of America's most popular presidents. Add a 40% silver 1965-1969 Kennedy half dollar to your collection today. Date our choice.
- Product Type: Single Products


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This site is a work in progress. Check back soon for more content.
Below is a list of CTI-TC tools and resources to help you get started with STIX and TAXII:
OASIS Open Source Repositories Sponsored by the Committee
- cti-stix2-json-schemas: Non-normative STIX and Cyber Observable schemas and examples
- cti-documentation: GitHub Pages site for STIX, CybOX, and TAXII
- cti-stix-validator: Validator for STIX 2.0 JSON normative requirements and best practices
- cti-pattern-validator: Validate patterns used to express CybOX content in STIX Indicators
- cti-stix-visualization: Lightweight visualization for STIX 2.0 objects and relationships
- cti-marking-prototype: Prototype for processing granular data markings in STIX
- cti-stix-elevator: Convert STIX 1.2 XML to STIX 2.0 JSON
- cti-pattern-matcher: Match STIX content against STIX patterns
- cti-python-stix2: Python APIs for STIX 2


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Sorry if this is a short part but next part is going to blow your minds.
The New World, On an unknown island: A young man sitting in front of a mass grave site. Standing in front of the man was Draculas (the blood drinker) Dania bounty 231 million berries. Stand tall Draculas shouts "who the hell dares to come to my island and turn it into a grave site for some worthless scum?" The young man looks up then looks back down. Standing up the young man says calmly "These graves are for my crewmates they are my friends, they are my family" changing his tone he states "they died protecting me; they died so I could live. THEY ARE NOT WORTHLESS SCUM" Bursting with laughter Draculas says "They died protecting you? What a joke. But don't worry I'll kill you and you can go see them again." The young man looked at Draculas and screamed "They died so that I could have this devil fruit. This power I have is because of my family" pulling his arm back the young man punched with all his might hitting Draculas square in the crest. Draculas got pushed back a few feet but remained standing. Draculas Laughed and said "is that all you got?" The young man simply turned around and started walking away. Then out in the middle of the ocean the water started rippling, first very slowly but then got faster and faster. Then the water at the shore of the island began to retreat back to the ocean. Two small waves appeared almost like lines across the ocean. Looking at all this happen Draculas wondered what was going on. Breaking his concentration was the sounds of a small crack on the ground slowly get longer. Looking back at the young man he grabbed for his sword but it was too late. Before Draculas could unsheathe his sword the ground underneath him crumbled away along with half the island. After a brief walk to the other side of the island to where his boat was he pulled up the anchor and was about to leave. Wishing his fallen friends good bye he saw a shadow under the water. Suddenly and fishman came up. The young man could tell he was strong just by his aura. The fishman looked over to the island half destroyed and looked back at the young man. Holding out his hand he said "Thank you for taking out that pest Dania" The young man smiled for the first time since his crew died and said "Don't mention it, I'm Edward" The fishman smiled and said "I'm Neptune."
The Grand Line, Mariejois: The Five elders were in a meeting. Throwing a newspaper on the table One of the elders says "This is getting ridiculous pirates are getting stronger which are causing more people to become pirates. At this rate the world power could shift and cause chaos." "If only we had one of the three ancient weapons, we could use its power get the upper hand" Another one said. But all the elders knew what they had to do. All in agreement they declared to search the world to find them.


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Police have located three men who escaped from Townsville Correctional Farm at Stuart last night.
At around 8.10pm, the three men were taken into police custody in Gympie.
The three men were reported missing from the Townsville Correctional Farm overnight.
At 12.40am this morning, the trio caught a taxi from Fairfield Waters to Vincent.
Investigations suggests that they stole a vehicle from Heatley, which evaded police at around 8.40am on the Bruce Highway at Koumala.
They was last seen at 2.50pm on the Bruce Highway in the Gin Gin area.
There is no further information available at this stage. Investigations are continuing.
If you have information for police, contact Policelink on 131 444 or provide information using the online form 24hrs per day.
You can report information about crime anonymously to Crime Stoppers, a registered charity and community volunteer organisation, by calling 1800 333 000 or via crimestoppersqld.com.au 24hrs per day.


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To truly appreciate just how horribly off the rails Shaquille O'Neal is at shooting free throws, one needs to read the tragic details of this train wreck that John Hollinger has posted at ESPN.com.
The timing for this look at the modern NBA's ultimate bricklayer coincides with Shaq being due to fire his 5,000th career miss any day now. That's a career failing topped only by Wilt Chamberlain, but Hollinger thinks Shaq is capable of catching the big guy.
Among the many great numbers:
-- Shaq is the NBA's No. 10 all-time scorer. He easily could be No. 5 if he were merely a wretched 62% free-throw shooter, instead of wallowing way down there at 52.5%. That small improvement would have meant 1,000 fewer missed free throws.
-- If Larry Bird were to come out of retirement and miss 3,000 consecutive free throws, he still would have a higher career free-throw percentage than Shaq.
(Photo by Rob Schumacher/Arizona Republic)
Reid Cherner has been with USA TODAY since 1982 and written Game On! since March 2008.
He has covered everything from high schools to horse racing to the college and the pros. The only thing he likes more than his own voice is the sound of readers telling him when he's right and wrong.
Michael Hiestand has covered sports media and marketing for USA TODAY, tackling the sports biz ranging from what's behind mega-events such as the Olympics and Super Bowl to the sometimes-hidden numbers behind the sports world's bottom line.


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WASHINGTON (AP) -- A federal law enforcement official says the FBI is in the initial stages of trying to determine whether the financial industry may have broken criminal laws in the mortgage foreclosure crisis.
The law enforcement official says the FBI is at the start of a lengthy sorting-out process in which agents will look into what caused the financial institutions to mishandle the flood of paperwork in the historic avalanche of foreclosures.
The official says the question is whether financial institutions were acting with criminal intent or were simply overwhelmed by events in the wake of the housing market's collapse. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because the investigation is just getting under way.


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While it may not be difficult to locate replacement parts for Toyota vehicles, these days only the absolute best are required to fix your automobile. Your Toyota dealership isn't the only place to buy the best replacement parts for your Sienna. Car aficionados know that long-lasting service is built into each Toyota, and understand that only top quality repair Sienna parts will suffice when your car or truck needs fixing. The vehicle in your driveway is head and shoulders above the rest when it comes to all the cars, trucks, and SUVs in today's marketplace.
Reducing harmful hydrocarbons and noxious gases that come from your car or truck depends on the quality and performance of the parts you use. Your Toyota Sienna catalytic converter is likely the single most effective pollution control device on production vehicles today. There are a host of precious metals, mostly platinum, in the catalytic converter that change the harmful emissions of your Toyota Sienna from carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water. This process revolutionized automakers' ability to improve air quality, which is why every vehicle made today has a catalytic converter.
When your Toyota requires a top quality replacement Catalytic Converter, there's no need to trust any store other than the authority, Car Parts Discount. At Car Parts Discount, we have live customer service members here with enough expertise to help you purchase the correct Toyota Sienna part for your project or repair. Procuring new Toyota parts from www.carpartsdiscount.com means you are getting the best deal on the most superior original and aftermarket replacement Sienna parts on the internet. Toyota Sienna Catalytic Converter parts for 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998 vehicles are available here... just click your year to find them.


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We can help you to find a lute teacher in Kent and across the UK. First Tutors: Music profiles Kent lute tutors and others offering popular instruments like piano, violin and guitar. Grade and diploma lute lessons are all catered for across Kent as well as lute lessons just for fun. Use our site to search for lute tutors near you and select which lute tutors best suit your needs.
This is the best place to search for the most talented lute tutor for your needs in Kent, whether you need lute tuition to learn a new instrument, develop a hobby or improve as a musician.
We order lute teachers throughout Kent by their cost and distance from you. Instruments include piano, violin and guitar for graded music exams or just for fun.
If you are a Kent lute teacher wishing to offer your lute lessons in Kent or anywhere else across the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music to commence giving lute tuition or find out more about us here.
Towns: Ashford, Beckenham, Belvedere, Birchington, Broadstairs, Bromley, Canterbury, Chatham, Cranbrook, Dartford, Deal, Dover, Edenbridge, Erith, Faversham, Folkestone, Gillingham, Gravesend, Greenhithe, Herne Bay, Hythe, Keston, Longfield, Maidstone, Margate, New Romney, Orpington, Queenborough, Rainham, Ramsgate, Rochester, Sandwich, Sevenoaks, Sheerness, Sidcup, Sittingbourne, Snodland, Swanley, Swanscombe, Tenterden, Tonbridge, Tunbridge Wells, Welling, West Malling, West Wickham, Westerham, Westgate-on-sea, Whitstable


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The Iuchi Scout Dojo, also known as the Iuchi Scout Academy, was located several miles west of Shiro Iuchi, north of Iuchi Pass. [1] It trained Iuchi Scout and Master of the Winds. [2]
Appearance Edit
The academy sat in a clearing on a high plateau, surrounded by tall evergreen trees. It was formed by three simple but extremely large buildings, set on stone foundations, with walls and roofs made of sturdy pine and spruce, painted green to deceive spying eyes. [1]
Tradition Edit
Non-Unicorn samurai could join the prestigious institution. The first test of a candidate was to defeat this camouflage and locate the institution. A second nad last test was to survive without food, water, weapon, or tool for an entire week in the wilderness of the Spine of the World Mountains. The Scouts formed small highly specialized reserve squadrons in the Khol legions. [1]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Masters of War, p. 142
- ↑ Masters of War Dojos (Missing Dojos)
|This Unicorn Clan related article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


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morarumakeup Makeup Artist
Jim Q FrostModel Male Toronto, Ontario, Canada
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/JimFrost
Mayhem # 2907688
About MeHello good lookin'!
I go by the name Jim Frost as a pseudonym/ screen name. I have a passion for acting and love being both in front and behind the camera. To say the least I am not camera shy! I began modeling for charitable oranizations and did the odd photo shoot with photographers long since forgotten and thought little of modeling.
However, my finance Sunny expressed an interest in modeling, so I accompanied her to her shoots as an escort. Soon I was front and centre with Sunny doing couples shoots, and after that began doing solo shots at our sessions.
I would gladly do more modeling and acting with the condition that I do not do full nude. That being said I can go sexy or anything else wanted for a shoot.
Have you worked with Jim Q Frost? Add Credits for Jim Q Frost! >>
Credit NotesPhotographers:
David Dunlop- #2027035
Glen Wright- #2236606
Fast 50's Foto- #2295122
non model mayhem photographer; Amy Campbell
Sunny Fortwenney- #2438564
Terminally Living (2012) Matthew Johnson
Grim (2013, in production)
ParIllegal music video "A Broken Fool" performed, also directed by Jim Frost
morarumakeup Makeup Artist
Kay Rosetta Model
Dia n Art Photographer
Gita Photography Photographer
Samantha Liana Model
Inceptive Photography Photographer
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If an item you ordered from TextbookRush does not meet your expectations due to an error on our part, simply fill out a return request and then return it by mail within 30 days of ordering it for a full refund of item cost.
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Description: This introduction to three of Juvenal's satires aims tohelp intermediate high school or college readers understand the meaningof Juvenal's Latin. Satire I is Juvenal's explanation of why he writespoetry and satire. Satire III discusses why life in Rome has becomeintolerable. Satire X concerns itself with explaining why most prayersare misguided and, if answered, harmful.
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List price: $21.95Edition: 2ndCopyright year: 1998Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PlcPublication date: 6/1/1991Binding: PaperbackPages: 88Size: 6.00" wide x 8.50" long x 0.25" tall Weight: 0.286
The 16 Satires (c.110--127) of Juvenal, which contain a vivid picture of contemporary Rome under the Empire, have seldom been equaled as biting diatribes. The satire was the only literary form that the Romans did not copy from the Greeks. Horace merely used it for humorous comment on human folly. Juvenal's invectives in powerful hexameters, exact and epigrammatic, were aimed at lax and luxurious society, tyranny (Domitian's), criminal excesses, and the immorality of women. Juvenal was so sparing of autobiographical detail that we know very little of his life. He was desperately poor at one time and may have been an important magistrate at another. His influence was great in the Middle Ages; in the seventeenth century he was well translated by Dryden, and in the eighteenth century he was paraphrased by Johnson in his London and The Vanity of Human Wishes. He inspired in Swift the same savage bitterness.
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Data from: Early life history of deep-water gorgonian corals may limit their abundance
Date Published: December 17, 2013
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.30kt0
Content in the Dryad Digital Repository is offered "as is." By downloading files, you agree to the Dryad Terms of Service. To the extent possible under law, the authors have waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this data.
|Data from: Early life history of deep-water gorgonian corals may limit their abundance. A Canadian Healthy Oceans Network Marine Biodiversity Project, MB-17
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|Deep-water gorgonian coral recruitment data from a 4-year field experiment in the Northeast Channel Coral Conservation Area (Gulf of Maine, northwest Atlantic).
|Data_Lacharite&Metaxas2013.csv (122.4 Kb)
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Bachelor degrees from accredited colleges and universities can be important stepping-stones toward a successful career.The most common type of undergraduate program is a bachelor's degree, usually awarded after four years of successful study
The discipline of digital design contains experts trained in many kinds of tools and methodologies. Visualization and hands-on efforts are married with digital tools and processes to build products and processes needed by public and private sector organizations.
Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic divided into fifteen counties, with its capital and largest city being Tallinn. Estonia has 12 public and 8 private universities. The oldest university in the country is the University of Tartu, established in 1632.
Tallinn is the capital city of Estonia and the largest in the country. It has over 400,000 residents. Tallinn city has 2 major universities and over 5 minor institutions of higher learning and sciences.
Request Information Bachelor Degrees in Digital Design in Tallinn in Estonia 2017
Game Design and Development is a curriculum designed to provide skills for both starting up a mobile or PC indie games company as well as working as a gamification specialist in various fields. Though the curriculum allows for specialisation in game graphics or games software development, main emphasis is on gameplay, game mechanics and monetisation model design. [+]


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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Digital Marketing' started by Daniel's Lawn Care, Apr 17, 2010.
Check out my new website at www.appomattoxriverlandscapes.com Let me know what you think!
I see you created the site with a free web tool so I don't know if your can change much. A few comments:
1. "Create a free website with Weebly" (page bottom text). Most wouldn't notice this, but I did. If I were a potential customer, I'd wonder why a good company wouldn't invest in a custom-designed site. Don't underestimate the sophistication of your best target customers - many are sharp business people and they know that good businesses invest in excellent websites.
2. The huge logo at the top center of every page! It's way too big, with too much whitespace and it pushes your text below the fold - forcing users to scroll with every page. The logo should be reduced in size and incorporated into your header.
3. Coming soon. Several pages have this. Not a good thing. It puts off the customer and Google penalizes sites with coming soon pages.
4. Image Gallery. Very user unfriendly. No one wants to scroll down a long page of unorganized photos. There are plenty of free or cheap galleries that can be incorporated into a site. I don't know about Weebly?
5. SEO. I see your meta tags of <meta name="description" content="Landscaping, Lawn Care" /><meta name="keywords" content="Farmville, VA" />.
- Your home page lacks a title tag - extremely important.
- Your page description tag - should include geographical terms and other service terms. Every page should have a description tag since the description is what usually shows up in Google.
- you need to identify the keyword that best applies to each page in your site. Include that keyword in your title and description tags. Then repeat the keyword three to five times in the text of that page.
That's all for now. Other than these points above, it's a pretty good site.


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Trevor L. Hoffmann is an American voice-actor who voiced Ben Paul in Telltale Games' The Walking Dead, and Justin in the "400 Days" DLC.
Other Works
Trevor has not voiced in anything else, so far. He does do musical remakes such as:
- Gutenburg! The Musical! Remake (with Nick Herman, the voice of Glenn)
- Grease Remake


text: Contents[show] SampleEdit This is a sample description CreatorEdit Me About the hackEdit What APIs, tools or kit did you use?Edit Works on Android versions: 7 - 16Edit Android SDK APIsEdit Third party APIsEdit MediaEdit A screenshot LicenseEdit Source code and linksEdit Retrieved from "http://vhackandroid.wikia.com/wiki/Quizbox?oldid=4089" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Add category Cancel Save


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How to get from London Bridge to Tottenham Court Road station by tube, with a time estimate of how long it takes on the London Underground
Do you have to change trains? Yes
How many stops are there? 6
Tube route: London Bridge → Southwark → Waterloo change train Waterloo → Embankment → Charing Cross → Leicester Square → Tottenham Court Road
How long does it take? The journey time between these two London underground stations is approximately 21 minutes
Which fare zones? This tube journey is zone 1. You can pay for a ticket with an oyster card, visitor oyster card, zone 1 travelcard or contactless payment card. Look up the zone 1 fare for adults and zone 1 price for children
How far is it? The distance from London Bridge station to Tottenham Court Road station is roughly 2¼ miles. Here's an approximate taxi fare for 2¼ miles. The walking distance between the underground stations is approximately 42-46 minutes
Are the trains running? Your tube line may be affected by line closures and delays. You should also check whether the tube train between London Bridge and Tottenham Court Road is affected by a London Underground strike
Return journey: Tottenham Court Road to London Bridge station
Note: This journey has been created by a computer program and may not be the fastest possible route. Closures, cancellations and delays on the London Bridge to Tottenham Court Road tube route may affect your journey, and you should allow for some extra travel time on top
> Talk about London Bridge to Tottenham Court Road in the forum
London: A Visitor's Guide
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How much is the tube fare? The ticket price for London Bridge to Tottenham Court Road can be found under zone 1 (adult) and zone 1 (child)
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Alternative train journey to Tottenham Court Road:
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375 E. Chicago Ave
Chicago, IL 60611
United States
Northwestern University - Pritzker School of Law
in Total Papers Downloads
white collar crime, bribery, perjury, fraud
risk, moral luck, torts, punishment, damages, retribution, chance
Fourth Amendment, privacy, reasonable expectations of privacy, mosaic theory, law & psychology, constitutional law
insider trading, white collar crime
intergroup relations, intergroup bias, prejudice, cooperation, interdependence, trust, decision-making
Drug Policy, Public Opinion, Law, Psychology
Search and seizure, privacy expectations, border searches, electronic devices
Punitive Attitudes, Psychology, Criminal Sentencing, Criminal Law
Privacy, Law and Psychology, Public Attitudes
intergroup bias, intergroup relations, cooperation, cooperative contingencies, institutional trust, prejudice
Fourth Amendment, Search and Seizure, Constitutional Law, Privacy, Surveillance, Norms, Expectations, Public Opinion, Judicial Behavior, Katz, Riley, Hobby Lobby
Privacy, Privacy Policies, Privacy Paradox, Experimental, Contracts, Standard-Form Contracts, Empirical, Google, Gmail, Yahoo, Facebook, Email, Facial Recognition, Biometric, Wiretap, Electronic Communications, Law & Psychology
Social norms; cybercrime; psychology and law
Cookies are used by this site. To decline or learn more, visit our Cookies page.
This page was processed by apollobot1 in 0.362 seconds


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
How do I position fields on my form?Asked by salamander1210 on April 25, 2016 at 01:40 PM
Wie kann ich 2 Formularfelder nebeneinander setzen ?
JotForm Support
I understand that you want to place two fields next to another. You can position the fields by using the shrink option from the field quick menu.
Please refer to the guide Field-Positioning that can help you in arranging the fields as per your requirement.
Hope this information helps!


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The Inaugural Penn Law Sports Law Symposium Presented by the Heisman Trust
The University of Pennsylvania Law School Entertainment and Sports Law Society
Friday, February 28, 2014 from 9:30 AM to 6:00 PM (EST)
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
To continue to view the complete line up and event poster please visit our website.
Important Information for Attendees of the Inaugural Penn Law Sports Law Symposium
We look forward to welcoming you to the University of Pennsylvania Law School for what will be a very special event. Below you will find key logistical information to ensure that your visit on Friday, February 28, 2014 is as seamless as possible.
9:00 –9:45am
|Light Breakfast
9:50 – 10:15am
|Opening Remarks - Rand Getlin, Report & Legal Analyst, Yahoo! Sports
10:20 – 11:20am
|Why Amateur Status Matters
11:35 – 12:35pm
|Pay for Play? Issues Surrounding the Compensation of Student Athletes
12:35 – 1:10pm
1:10 – 2:00pm
|Keynote Address: Big Ten Commissioner, Jim Delany
2:15 – 3:15pm
|Labor & Collective Bargaining Issues Relating to the Rookie Transition in the NFL
3:25 – 4:25pm
|Agents and Amateurism: Ethical and Legal Concerns in the Relationship Between Player Agents and Student Athletes
4:25 – 4:40pm
|Closing Remarks
4:45 – 6:00pm
|Cocktail Reception (To be held in the SIlverman Great Hall)
Law School Location
The University of Pennsylvania Law School is located at 3501 Sansom Street (between 34th and 35thStreet). For those arriving by public transportation this is a short walk or cab ride from 30th Street Station. Upon arrival, please use the Sansom Street Entrance. If you enter at the 34th Street Entrance you will be directed to go around to Sansom Street.
The garages and lots closest to the law school are as follows:
- 34th & Chestnut Street (University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University garages)
- Sheraton Hotel (36th & Chestnut Street)
Additional parking can be found at:
- 32nd & Walnut Street
- 38th & Walnut Street (please use 38th Street entrance)
- Penn Tower Hotel (34th & Civic Center Boulevard)
- South Street & Convention Boulevard
- 40th & Walnut Street
There is also very limited two-hour street parking on Sansom Street between 34th and 35th Street.
Registration Tickets and Identification
Please remember to print out your Eventbrite registration ticket and bring it with you the day of the event as it will ensure a quick check-in. Upon your entrance into the law school building please show the print out to our security guard. You will then be directed to the registration table. At the registration table you will check in and receive your name badge.
Penn Law and outside students MUST present a valid student identification. Media members MUSTbring valid media credentials along with their ticket.
Attorneys Seeking CLE Credits
Attorneys seeking CLE credits please remember to bring a $45 check (or $30 for public interest attorneys and transitioning attorneys) to pay for your separate CLE cost. Checks should be made payable to "The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania."
Wi-Fi Access
We will have fully operating Wi-Fi access available to attendees throughout the Symposium. The Conference code is: C-ECTDOYL, which can be accessed from the Air PennNET-Guest network. Please reference the attached document for further instructions.We do ask that attendees be respectful regarding their laptop use during panel discussions and the keynote address.
76ers Courtside Seats/VIP Experience Raffle!!
Penn Law ESLS will be raffling off three pairs of COURTSIDE SEATS/VIP EXPERIENCES to see your Philadelphia 76ers play!
The VIP Experience includes waitress service at your seat throughout the game, with complimentary food and beverages (including alcohol). It also includes access to the luxurious Lexus Club during the entire game, with complimentary high-end buffet and top-shelf beverages.
How to Enter: ESLS board members will be selling raffle tickets in the Davis Student Union (the area located immediately outside Fitts Auditorium) throughout the Symposium. The breakdown for raffle ticket prices is as follows:
- $10 suggested donation per raffle ticket
- $25 suggested donation for three raffle tickets
Post-Symposium Winner: Five tickets will be drawn at random after the Symposium on Friday, Feb. 28th. These five individuals will receive a phone call and will be asked five trivia questions. The two individuals who answer the most questions correctly will receive vouchers for two pairs of courtside tickets each to attend a 76ers home game. Voucher winners will speak with a representative from the 76ers to select a mutually agreed-upon game. The third place participant will receive a certified autograph photograph of hometown hero, Temple University legend, and Former Philadelphia 76ers Center, Lavoy Allen.
Contact Information
With any questions before the Symposium, please e-mail: email@example.com. Before or during the symposium you can also reach out to the symposium organizers:
David Simon | Symp. Chair | 954.695.8083 | email@example.com
Eli Klein | President | 610.608.1651| email@example.com
Grant Darwin | Vice President | 908.472.6688 | firstname.lastname@example.com
When & Where
University of Pennsylvania Law School
3501 Sansom Street
Michael A. Fitts Auditorium
Friday, February 28, 2014 from 9:30 AM to 6:00 PM (EST)
Add to my calendar
The University of Pennsylvania Law School Entertainment and Sports Law Society
The University of Pennsylvania Law School Entertainment and Sports Law Society is an entirely student-run organization whose mission it is to explore the array of legal, business, and ethical issues that arise in the sports and entertainment industries.
For further information about the symposium or ESLS check out our website and follow us on twitter! If you have any questions please email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Tip: Put a + in front of words that must be included. To search for Monster Hunter and only receive results with both words, use +Monster +Hunter
Inventory Blowout! Professional quality cosplay wigs 30-40% off with shipping included - Click Here for details
Member Since 12-03-2007
Last Activity: 06-20-2009 - 03:46 PM
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A Xenolinguist is a person who specialized in the studying and speaking of alien languages such as the Na'vi Language. Xenolinguists are extremely important on Pandora, as they are able to communicate with the planet's sentient natives, the Na'vi. Many of the Na'vi learned to speak English from Grace Augustine's school. Among these former students are: Neytiri, Mo'at, Tan Jala and Tsu'tey.
The RDA employs several xenolinguists on Pandora. When humanity first arrived on the moon, it was necessary to establish diplomatic relations with the Na'vi. Most of the xenolinguists on Pandora are not military, but scientists involved with the Avatar Program.


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It's been 12 years since the rape, and three years since New Orleans police developed a strong lead on who may have committed it.
On Tuesday morning, after so many years came and went, it was Louisiana State Police who arrested James Moye for allegedly raping a 13-year-old girl in 2003.
Moye's alleged crime and the way he had eluded authorities were highlighted in a story published Sunday in The New Orleans Advocate. In early 2012, Moye's DNA was matched with a 2003 rape kit, but it took more than two years for authorities to seek a warrant for his arrest.
State Police spokesman Capt. Doug Cain said the search for Moye started over the weekend after the newspaper began asking the NOPD questions about the case. A special 42-man detail the State Police has brought to New Orleans for Carnival was discussing its plans.
"They were talking about things to do, to be proactive, and among other things, this article came up," Cain said. "And they were like, 'Let's go get this guy.' "
The extra contingent of state troopers will be in New Orleans until at least mid-May. The exact number of troopers will vary, but Cain said residents can expect as many as 200 of them on the streets this weekend as Mardi Gras hits full swing.
Moye's arrest was part of a strategy outlined by State Police Superintendent Col. Mike Edmonson. The troopers are patrolling the French Quarter and surrounding areas, but they also are executing outstanding felony warrants.
So along with foot patrols on Bourbon Street and car patrols on Esplanade Avenue, troopers under the command of Major Carl Saizan checked on a couple of Moye's last known locations in New Orleans.
Eventually, they got a lead that he might be in Lake Charles, Cain said.
State investigators and members of Troop D, which is headquartered there, arrested Moye early Tuesday and booked him into Calcasieu Parish Prison.
"This is the unique thing about the troopers in New Orleans," Cain said. "They don't want to be pigeonholed in the work they're doing."
Apart from the additional troopers who are here temporarily, Cain said there are about 100 uniformed troopers and 50 investigators always stationed in New Orleans.
The evidence that connected Moye to the 2003 rape came from a sexual assault kit administered by doctors at Children's Hospital right after the crime was committed.
After Hurricane Katrina washed away New Orleans' crime lab, the State Police crime lab was unable to keep up with the huge demand for analyzing evidence. So in 2011, Marshall University in West Virginia agreed to process 833 backlogged sexual assault kits. It is unclear why the rape kit from 2003 was not tested in the two years preceding Katrina.
The 833 rape kits produced 78 matches in a national DNA database, one of which was Moye. The NOPD's sex crimes unit received word of the DNA hit in February 2012 but apparently took no action. That unit was the subject of a scathing Office of Inspector General report in November that said five of its officers had done little if anything to investigate hundreds of rape cases assigned to them.
An arrest warrant was issued a month after that report, when a homicide detective working overtime looked into the case.
Follow Benjamin Oreskes on Twitter, @boreskes.


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Wow, a new arc just started and Luffy's group is already having one of your typical Straw Hat moments. Well Nami, if you weren't going to charge your group money for food, then Luffy would not have made such a huge mess. Jeez, she really needs to know when to put her greedy nature aside or it would end up causing more harm than good. Honestly, Nami, Brook, and Chopper have been with Luffy long enough to have known that he cannot be trusted with food. If they couldn't do a simple job in keeping their food supply in check, then that's all the more reason to believe that the Sanji rescue operation would not go quietly. So once they arrive at Whole Cake Island, they will be presented with two choices: fight or run away. If Nami, Chopper, and Brook are going to cower, I hope they won't cower too long before getting their act together and I hope they won't show the same moment of weakness that Usopp displayed at the underground trade port at Dressrosa.
And it turns out that Sanji's bride-to-be is actually pretty, so of course Sanji is going to be lovestruck. The question is how much will that comprise the rescue operation.


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- Audio
- Alesis
- Computer Music
- Sampling
- Alesis Sample Pad Pro
Alesis Sample Pad Pro
|Product Code
Buy this from the A.C. Audio Online Store. Request more information or contact us now for purchasing information.
Professional sound, style and control that stands on its own.
Augment your drum or percussion setup with the PerformancePad Pro, or play it on its own. This eight-pad multi-percussion instrument features over 500 sounds and a three-part sequencer so you can play live, create loops and sequences, accompany yourself, and add texture to the band or musical group.
With eight velocity-sensitive drum pads, kick and hi-hat inputs and over 500 multi-sampled Dynamic ArticulationTM sounds, the PerformancePad Pro is an all-in-one drum station. It even has inputs for kick and hi-hat triggers.
The PerformancePad Pro contains the sequencing engine from Alesis' best-selling drum machines. This three-part sequencer enables you to program drum, percussion, and accompaniment parts for creating complete tracks or playing along with loops.
8 natural feeling, velocity-sensitive drum pads with Dynamic ArticulationTM
Built-in professional drum machine so you can record and play back your own beats
Over 500 sounds ranging from all styles and instruments assignable to any pad
Large LCD display with easy-to-navigate interface with a lightweight, durable enclosure
High-quality, 24-bit audio outputs and traditional 5-pin MIDI output jack
Mix input for external tracks, loops, and instruments
Sounds: 500
Polyphony: 32 voice
Patterns: 100 preset, 100 user
Songs: 100
Kits: 100 preset, 100 user
PerformancePad Pro multi-percussion instrument
Power supply
Reference Manual
Quick start guide
Audio Outputs: 2 TS 1/4" (main), 1 TRS 1/4" (phones)
SNR: 94 dB (A-weighted)
THD+N: ~0.004% @ 1.38 kHz
Pads: 8 velocity sensitive
Sample/DAC Bit Resolution: 16 / 24
Sounds: 500 (w/Dynamic ArticulationTM)
Sounds Accessible via Pads: 8
Polyphony: 32-voice
Panning: 7-position user programmable
Velocity Response: 8 loudness levels via pads, 127 via MIDI
Timing Resolution: 96 ppq
Time Signature Range: 1-128 beats per pattern
Tempo Range: 30-300 BPM
Notes/Patterns/Songs: 150,000 / 200 (100 user, 100 preset) / 100
Kits: 100 user, 100 preset
Sync: MIDI Clock with Song Position Pointer
Pedal Input Jacks/Functions: Hi-Hat (switch) and Kick (switch)
Other Features: Step Editing, Stereo Samples, Reverb and Compressor / EQ effects.
Power: Input 12VDC 500mA, center pin ground
Weight: 7.1 lbs (3.2 kg)
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Equipment available to buy from this site is for professional use only. Please note in certain countries some products listed may not be available from A.C. Entertainment Technologies Ltd.
E&OE. Information is subject to change without notice. The rights and ownership of all trademarks are recognised.


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login with
Father's Day in the military
Does anyone have their dad or child's dad in the military and away from home? How do you stay close? Skype, email?
My husband is away in the Navy, but he's on a ship, so we can't stay in contact very often. We can e-mail, but he might not always be able to answer them quickly. Our best chances are the rare times he's in a port somewhere, with potential internet access. The past few days, before he was actually on the ship, we used Skype, since they were in a hotel. We were able to video chat. Otherwise, yeah, it'll be e-mail, and ya never know when he'll be able to get to that.
That has to be tough, Morgan but I'm glad you get some communication! And thank you both for your sacrifice.
i think people use skype t video chat with their family
Moms also like
11Do you have any fitness secrets
7What not to say to a divorced mom
About Laura
Current: San Diego, California
Birth: December 30
On Moms.com since: May 17, 2014
**Site Hostess** A mom of two boys, one with Down syndrome who is a great blessing! Currently separated, I love interacting with other moms and spending time with my sons.


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James J. "Jimmy" Graham's
B-24 Photos
Note: Dates on photos are when film was developed, not when the photo was taken. Photos were taken sometime between 10 Mar 44 and 20 May 45. The photos of the Ramblin' Wreck were taken sometime between 26 Nov 44 and 2 Dec 44.
James J. Graham was a corporal and was stationed in Tibenham, England from February 26, 1944 to May 20, 1945 with the 445th Bomb Group. He was an airplane and engine mechanic and made engine changes, made complete inspections of B-24 aircraft, and made test flights. He also did similar work on B-29 aircraft.
(Click on photos to enlarge)


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Trust in the Lord, and do good;
so you will live in the land, and enjoy security.
Take delight in the Lord,
and he will give you the desires of your heart.
Commit your way to the Lord;
trust in him, and he will act.
He will make your vindication shine like the light,
and the justice of your cause like the noonday.
-Psalm 37:3-6
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"Verse of the Day: 'Take delight in the Lord'"
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I have to say that I never realized there were so many perfect men in the world until Perfect Guyz came along. They must consistently be on the lookout too judging by the likes of blokes like Jeffrey adorning their site. He's 24 years old and what most would call of average height and weight. However, as you can see, all that he was given was put in the right place and with perfect symmetry. What grabbed me at first about Jeffrey were his incredible eyes and the way he looked into the camera while gripping his lovely, 7 inch erection. That would be the second thing that got my attention about this damn perfect specimen of a man.
Tags: Perfect Guyz (33), hunks (268), jerking off (778), big cock (1196),


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Here's an interesting one.
I've just set up a new website with an email signup form. I posted a question on this forum with a link to the website's URL.
Within 4 hours, this post became the top search return for the website's URL on Google! Which would be great free marketing, apart from the fact that I used the phrase "complaint from a subscriber" in the post.
I've removed the post, and I'm hoping it'll disappear from Google!
It should go away pretty quickly Mike, but it is worth everyone being aware that these are public forums and easily found by search engines.


text:
If an item you ordered from TextbookRush does not meet your expectations due to an error on our part, simply fill out a return request and then return it by mail within 30 days of ordering it for a full refund of item cost.
Learn more about our returns policy
Description: For well over a century, the G. Schirmer edition of 24 Italian Songs and Arias of the 17th and 18th Centuries has introduced millions of beginning singers to serious Italian vocal literature. Offered in two accessible keys suitable for all singers, it is likely to be the first publication a voice teacher will ask a first-time student to purchase. The classic Parisotti realizations result in rich, satisfying accompaniments which allow singers pure musical enjoyment. For ease of practice, carefully prepared accompaniments are also available that were recorded by John Keene, a New York-based concert accompanist and vocal coach who has performed throughout the United States for radio and television. Educated at the University of Southern California, Keene has taught accompanying at the university level and collaborated with Gian Carlo Menotti and Thea Musgrave on productions of their operas.
Limited time offer:
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All the information you need in one place! Each Study Brief is a summary of one specific subject; facts, figures, and explanations to help you learn faster.
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This job listing has expired! Click here to view the latest Education jobs in Nigeria
The American University of Nigeria (AUN) was established in 2003. The institution was conceived as Africa's first Development University. Its mission is to pioneer service learning and build leaders who will be prepared to tackle societal concerns. Located in Yola, Adamawa State, the University is a world-class career-oriented institution missioned to be an agent of change in the development of the region. AUN has a strong commitment to providing the skills and the leadership essential to solving the continent's critical social and economic problems.
The University offers an American – style education modelled after the curriculum of American universities with corresponding approaches to teaching and students assessment. The first entering class of 124 students and 20 professors was enrolled in September 2005. In ten years, AUN is fast becoming a model for other universities in Nigeria and West Africa.
The Cost Controller will be charged with the responsibility of tracking and controlling cost. The duties shall include but NOT limited to estimating cost, reporting cost, negotiating purchases and effective cost management in accordance with established policies and procedures.
Requirements for the position:


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Check out this deal that you can get at Walgreens today ONLY! There is a Catalina that ends today when you buy two Huggies Diapers you will receive a $5 Catalina. There is a store coupon in the May Coupon Booklet along with the printable below that you can stack with an Ibotta and MobiSave Offer to get them for only $.99 each.
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text:
Wilson aiming high
By James Pearson
Last Updated: 01/01/70 1:00am
Kelvin Wilson is flattered by reports linking him with a move to a higher league.Notts County defender Kelvin Wilson is flattered by reports linking him with a move to a higher league.
The 19-year-old was named the club's Players' Player of the Year following a superb campaign in which he made over 40 senior appearances.
Wilson is looking forward to working under new manager Gudjon Thordarson next term, who replaced player-manager Ian Richardson earlier this month.
"It is flattering each week when you are linked with moves to teams in a higher division," explained Wilson to the club's official website.
"My dream is to play in a higher division, no offence to Notts County, but it is an ambition. I am linked away every week; we'll see what happens though.
"Hopefully with Gudjon at the helm next year we can iron out the inconsistency in the side and move on next season and perhaps move up a division.
"Richo and John Gaunt did well and I enjoyed playing under them, and we'll see what the new man can do now."


text:
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Self-harm and suicide are common in prisoners, yet robust information on the full extent and characteristics of people at risk of self-harm is scant. Furthermore, understanding how frequently self-harm is followed by suicide, and in which prisoners this progression is most likely to happen, is important. We did a case-control study of all prisoners in England and Wales to ascertain the prevalence of self-harm in this population, associated risk factors, clustering effects, and risk of subsequent suicide after self-harm.
Records of self-harm incidents in all prisons in England and Wales were gathered routinely between January, 2004, and December, 2009. We did a case-control comparison of prisoners who self-harmed and those who did not between January, 2006, and December, 2009. We also used a Bayesian approach to look at clustering of people who self-harmed. Prisoners who self-harmed and subsequently died by suicide in prison were compared with other inmates who self-harmed.
139 195 self-harm incidents were recorded in 26 510 individual prisoners between 2004 and 2009; 5–6% of male prisoners and 20–24% of female inmates self-harmed every year. Self-harm rates were more than ten times higher in female prisoners than in male inmates. Repetition of self-harm was common, particularly in women and teenage girls, in whom a subgroup of 102 prisoners accounted for 17 307 episodes. In both sexes, self-harm was associated with younger age, white ethnic origin, prison type, and a life sentence or being unsentenced; in female inmates, committing a violent offence against an individual was also a factor. Substantial evidence was noted of clustering in time and location of prisoners who self-harmed (adjusted intra-class correlation 0·15, 95% CI 0·11–0·18). 109 subsequent suicides in prison were reported in individuals who self-harmed; the risk was higher in those who self-harmed than in the general prison population, and more than half the deaths occurred within a month of self-harm. Risk factors for suicide after self-harm in male prisoners were older age and a previous self-harm incident of high or moderate lethality; in female inmates, a history of more than five self-harm incidents within a year was associated with subsequent suicide.
The burden of self-harm in prisoners is substantial, particularly in women. Self-harm in prison is associated with subsequent suicide in this setting. Prevention and treatment of self-harm in prisoners is an essential component of suicide prevention in prisons.
Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research, National Offender Management Service, and Department of Health.
Suicide and self-harm are major issues in prisoners, yet they receive limited attention in national suicide prevention strategies.1,2 Suicide rates in inmates of both sexes are far higher than in the general population in many countries.3 In England and Wales, standardised mortality ratios for suicide are five times higher in male prisoners4 and 20 times higher in female inmates5 than in general population controls. According to findings of a systematic review,6 about 50% of people who die by suicide in prison have a history of self-harm, which increases the odds of suicide in custody between six and 11 times.
In addition to being an important risk factor for prison suicide, self-harm is itself a major problem within prisons,7,8 particularly because it is frequently repeated. However, information about prevalence, repetition, risk factors,9 and subsequent suicide in individuals who self-harm in custody is scarce. Furthermore, knowledge about whether clustering of self-harm takes place is important,10 because such phenomena might suggest contagion or specific environmental effects. To address these issues, we have undertaken a study of self-harm in the whole prison estate of England and Wales in 2004–09.
Our study consisted of four parts. First, we did a descriptive study using data obtained routinely for all self-harm episodes in all prisons in England and Wales between January, 2004, and December, 2009. Second, we undertook a case-control study of risk factors for self-harm. Third, we analysed clustering of self-harm. Finally, we did a comparative cohort study to identify risk of suicide after self-harm and associated risk factors. We received ethics approval from the National Offender Management Service.
For the descriptive study, we calculated prevalence of self-harm with two denominators: the average prison population for sentenced prisoners; and the number of receptions for unsentenced prisoners. The number of receptions has been suggested as a denominator for populations with substantial turnover.11 Annual prison population figures were based on the English and Welsh prison population, averaged over 12 months. Receptions were the number of unique individuals who entered prison for the individual years of the study.
Self-harm includes intentional self-poisoning or self-injury, irrespective of the degree of suicidal intent or underlying motive.12 In 2002, a mandatory reporting system for incidents of self-harm in prison was introduced in England and Wales. Prison officers must complete a paper form for every incident of self-harm, on which they record relevant details (appendix pp 1–2). From these data, we calculated the age distribution of individuals who self-harmed and categorised the number of incidents by type of prison and sentencing, and by the lethality of incidents and methods used to self-harm, for male and female prisoners separately. One of us (TA) estimated lethality of every self-harm incident on the basis of treatment outcome, an approach similar to other prison research.13 Incidents categorised as high lethality involve resuscitation in prison, an overnight stay in hospital, external hospitalisation on life support, or a combination of these. We defined medium lethality as an incident leading to external hospitalisation other than life support and low lethality as an episode not needing resuscitation or any external hospitalisation.
For the case-control analysis of risk factors for self-harm, we compared the characteristics of individuals with a history of self-harm (cases) with those of the rest of the prison population (controls). We restricted this analysis to the period January, 2006 to December, 2009, because control data were not available for earlier years. We defined cases as prisoners who self-harmed at least once during the period 2006–09; if the prisoner self-harmed on more than one occasion during this 4-year period, we used the details recorded at the first incident in this period. We excluded from our analyses any incidents of self-harm that were not linked to a unique prisoner number, when the unit of analysis was the individual prisoner. We selected the control population by taking a cross-section of the prison population on June 30 every year from 2006 to 2009, from inmates with no previous record of self-harm in prison. If the control prisoner appeared in more than one annual cohort, we extracted details from the first record in this 4-year period.
For the comparative cohort study, we ascertained the number of suicides in prison within the cohort of prisoners who self-harmed and identified risk factors that characterised inmates who subsequently died by suicide after a self-harm episode from those who did not. Self-inflicted deaths in prisons are identified on the basis of any death of an individual who has apparently taken his or her own life, irrespective of intent.14 This decision can be modified after a coroner's inquest.
We investigated the following factors, separately by sex, to see whether they were associated with the risk of self-harm: age-group, ethnic origin, type of prison, sentence length, and previous violent offence against an individual (ascertained using all available records for every prisoner during the study period). We cross-tabulated every factor with self-harm status (yes or no) and tested associations in bivariate models with the χ2 test. We analysed all factors with a p value less than 0·05, by multivariate logistic regression.
We calculated the number of suicides while in custody among prisoners who self-harmed for the period 2004–09 and presented findings separately by sex. We looked at the association of the following factors with risk of suicide: age group, ethnic origin, nationality, type of prison, length of sentence, cell occupancy (single or with others), last method of self-harm, mean number of self-harm incidents per year, most lethal incident of self-harm, and previous violent offence against an individual. We tested associations with a bivariate analysis, using Fisher's exact test (because outcomes were infrequent), and did multivariate logistic regression to examine all factors, with a p value less than 0·05. We did sensitivity tests of SEs for model misspecification in the logistic regressions and re-ran them with a robust sandwich estimator, but differences were negligible.
To examine possible clustering of self-harm in time and by prison, we used a Bayesian estimation approach to produce intra-class correlation statistics. This method is appropriate for complex multilevel models15 (appendix pp 1–2).
The sponsor of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
Between January, 2004, and December, 2009, 139 195 self-harm incidents involving 26 510 prisoners were recorded in England and Wales. Some individuals had events in more than one year; hence, the number of unique individuals who self-harmed (n=26 510) is less than the cumulative number who self-harmed each year (n=36 784; table 1). 6342 (5%) incidents were not linked to a unique prisoner number and were excluded from analyses of individuals.
The total number of incidents of self-harm per year rose from 19 688 in 2004 to 24 113 in 2009, and prevalence ranged from 200 to 249 per 1000 prisoners during the study period (table 1). About half the incidents were in female inmates, and the prevalence of incidents per 1000 prisoners was over tenfold higher in female than in male prisoners. An estimated 5–6% of male prisoners self-harmed every year compared with 20–24% of female inmates.
The incident ratios (number of incidents/number of individuals) show that male prisoners who self-harmed did so twice a year on average, whereas female inmates who self-harmed did so about eight times a year, with little variation in this pattern over the study period (table 1). However these average estimates were affected by a few individuals who frequently self-harmed. The median number of incidents per year among men and teenage boys who self-harmed was one (IQR 1–2, range 1–127), and the median number among women and adolescent girls was two (IQR 1–5, range 1–557). More than 100 self-harm incidents per year were recorded in two male prisoners and 102 female inmates. The women and teenage girls in this group accounted for 17 307 episodes (26% of the total number in female prisoners).
The age-distribution of inmates who self-harmed was similar for male and female prisoners (table 2) and did not vary much over the 6-year period from 2004 to 2009. Self-harm was more common in young inmates. People younger than 20 years typically accounted for 13% of the prison population, yet 23% of male inmates and 21% of female prisoners who self-harmed every year were in this age group.
The highest number of self-harm incidents over the 6-year study period was recorded in female local prisons (which receive prisoners from court; n=47 853 [34%]), followed by male category B local prisons (adult and young offenders combined; n=32 920 [24%]). Further details of the 6-year analysis are in the appendix (p 3; data for individuals who self-harmed for 4 years are presented in table 2). Most incidents occurred among sentenced prisoners (81 810 [66%] of 123 247 over the 6-year period), with the remainder in people on remand (awaiting trial) or before sentencing.
The most common methods of self-harm for both sexes were cutting and scratching, which were recorded for 45 141 (65%) of 69 634 incidents in male prisoners and 35 592 (51%) of 69 548 incidents in female inmates over the 6-year study period. The next most frequent methods used among men and teenage boys were poisoning, overdose, or swallowing objects not intended for ingestion (6079 [9%]), followed by hanging (5071 [7%]) and self-strangulation (3623 [5%]). The second most common method used by women and adolescent girls was self-strangulation (21 621 [31%]); other methods of self-harm—including impact injury, wound aggravation, ligature, suffocation, and biting—accounted for fewer than 5% of incidents.
Most self-harm incidents were categorised as low lethality. However, 6731 (10%) of 69 641 incidents by male prisoners were of medium or high lethality compared with 1753 (3%) of 69 554 in female inmates. Around 1% of incidents were of high lethality for both sexes and mostly entailed poisoning, overdose, or swallowing objects not intended for ingestion (25%), hanging (22%), self-strangulation (22%), and cutting (20%). Incidents of medium lethality were dominated by poisoning, overdose, or swallowing (43%) and cutting (39%).
Male prisoners were at heightened risk of self-harm if they were younger than 20 years, of white ethnic origin, in a high-security prison, and either had a life sentence or were unsentenced (table 2). Female prisoners were most at risk of self-harm if they were younger than 20 years, of white ethnic origin, in a mixed local prison, had a life sentence or were unsentenced, and had previously committed a violent offence against an individual (table 2).
The Bayesian estimation produced a crude intra-class correlation for prisons of 0·19 (95% CI 0·16–0·24), indicating that almost a fifth of the variation in self-harm behaviours could be attributed to the prison context. Adjustments for individual-level characteristics (sex, method, and lethality) and type of prison significantly improved model fit, and the final adjusted model accounted for 15% of the variation in self-harm behaviours (intra-class correlation 0·15, 95% CI 0·11–0·18). When we looked specifically at repeat self-harm, this clustering effect was reduced to 0·03 (0·02–0·04). Thus, the clustering effect mainly related to first episodes of self-harm.
109 suicides (411 per 100 000 average annual prison population) were recorded in custody among the 26 510 individuals who had self-harmed at any time between 2004 and 2009 (table 3); 95 deaths were in 21 104 male prisoners (450 per 100 000) and 14 suicides were in 5406 female inmates (259 per 100 000). The difference in the proportion of suicides between male and female prisoners who self-harmed was not substantial (relative risk 1·74, 95% CI 0·99–3·04, p=0·06). The mean annual rate of suicide among male inmates who self-harmed (334 per 100 000) was nearly double that of females who self-harmed (149 per 100 000). Estimated suicide rates in the prison population who did not self-harm were 79 per 100 000 in male inmates and 98 per 100 000 in female prisoners.
The main method of suicide among prisoners who self-harmed was hanging (91 [83%] of 109 suicides). The most common self-harm method used in the last recorded incident before suicide was cutting or scratching (56% of suicides), followed by hanging (14% of suicides). More than half of suicides (58 [53%]) occurred within 1 month of the last self-harm episode, 17 (16%) were within 1–3 months, 14 (13%) were within 3–6 months, ten (9%) were within 6–9 months, and ten (9%) suicides happened more than a year after the last self-harm incident. All six suicides in prisoners younger than 20 years were within 3 months of the last self-harm incident.
Several factors were associated with suicide in bivariate analyses. In male prisoners, the factors that remained significant in multivariate analysis were older age (particularly men aged 30–49 years) and a previous self-harm incident of moderate or high lethality (table 4). Of 20 369 male inmates who self-harmed and for whom complete data were available for age and lethality, 527 had both risk factors and 12 died by suicide in prison, equivalent to a positive predictive value of 2·3% and sensitivity of 12·6%. 14 suicides were recorded in female inmates; therefore power to detect any differences was limited (table 5). Factors that were significant in multivariate analysis were a life sentence and more than five self-harm incidents per year. Of the 4967 women who self-harmed and for whom complete data were available for sentence and number of incidents, 57 had both risk factors and four of these died from suicide. When these two factors were included in a predictive model, the positive predictive value was 7·0% and sensitivity was 28·6%.
We report a national study of 139 195 self-harm incidents in 26 510 individual prisoners. Previous reviews have focused on suicide in prison and on release,16,17 and national initiatives—such as suicide prevention measures and drug treatment—have been implemented after published research highlighted high suicide rates in prisoners. Such programmes might have led to a recent reduction in suicide rates in inmates in England and Wales.18 By contrast, self-harm has received less attention, partly because of the scarcity of research (panel).
Systematic review
We retrieved two recent systematic reviews of self-harm in prisoners9,19 and identified a systematic review of risk factors for suicide in prisoners.6 To supplement the review on suicide, we searched PubMed without any language restrictions between January, 2009, and June, 2013, using the following search terms: "suicid*" AND "prison*" OR "felon*" OR "jail*" OR "custod*" OR "remand*" OR "young offender* institution*" OR "youth offender* institution*" OR "penal". We found three studies of risk factors for suicide in European prison populations, in which associations were reported with violent offences,20 increased cell occupancy,21 and self-harm.22 Furthermore, we identified one cross-sectional study of self-harm in prison that investigated correlates of lifetime suicidal ideation.23 Rates of suicide3,20 and lifetime rates of self-harm19 are consistently higher in custody than in the general population, and self-harm is a major risk factor for suicide in prisoners.6,22 Prevalence of self-harm in custody is 5–24%,19 with no study reporting on more than 500 prisoners who self-harmed. Risk factor research on self-harm in prison has been inconclusive with respect to age, sex, single-cell occupancy, being on remand (awaiting trial), violent index offence, previous custody, and duration in custody.9 However, some evidence suggests that white ethnic origin, previous self-harm, and mental disorders are risk factors for self-harm. We did not identify any studies of the risk of suicide after self-harm in a prison population or analysis of clustering for self-harm. Results of psychological interventions for self-harm in prisons have been based on small studies and are largely inconclusive.19
Our study is much larger than all previous studies of self-harm in prisons combined. We have provided some precision on rates of self-harm during custody and shown associations with female sex, young age, white ethnic origin, prison type, and a life sentence or being unsentenced; moreover, in women, we noted an association between rates of self-harm and having committed a violent offence against an individual. We estimated the risk of repetition, which was especially high in a subgroup of female inmates, and showed evidence of clustering in time and location of prisoners self-harming. The risk of subsequent suicide in prisoners who self-harmed is substantially greater than in the general prison population, and many deaths occurred shortly after an episode of self-harm. We also identified risk factors for suicide after self-harm, including older age and a previous self-harm incident of high or moderate lethality in male inmates; furthermore, in female prisoners, a history of more than five self-harm incidents within a year was associated with suicide. Our findings can assist in prevention of self-harm or suicide in prisons and are relevant for prevention of these events in other institutional settings. The method of data collection is one that could be adopted in prisons in other countries.
We have estimated that the annual prevalence of self-harm in custody is 5–6% in men and teenage boys and 20–24% in women and adolescent girls. This proportion is much higher than the 0·6% of the UK general population who reported self-harming in the preceding year.24 Repetition of self-harm was common, and a few female prisoners accounted for many episodes (102 inmates and 17 307 episodes). Cutting and scratching were the most frequent self-harm methods in both sexes; in female inmates, self-strangulation was common (31% of all episodes). Most incidents were of low lethality, particularly in female prisoners.
For both sexes, young age (<20 years), white ethnic origin, and either a life sentence or being unsentenced were associated with self-harm. In male prisoners, risk was also increased for those in high-security prison, whereas female inmates in mixed local prisons (with unsentenced and sentenced individuals) were at higher risk. On multivariate analyses, an association with self-harm was noted with young age and white ethnic origin; other factors were a life sentence (both sexes) and having committed a previous violent offence (female prisoners only). Some of these risk factors have been reported in previous smaller studies—eg, violent offending,8,23 white ethnic origin, remand status, and female sex.7 Our study is based in one country with high rates of imprisonment; rates and risk factors need to be examined elsewhere, particularly in places with large prison populations. For example, in China, rates of suicidal ideation in prisoners are similar between sexes,25 and self-harm in US inmates differs by ethnic origin.26
Our study is the first, to our knowledge, to look at clustering of self-harm in prisoners.10 We recorded a substantial clustering effect—an adjusted intra-class correlation of 15%. This effect would be categorised as very large27 and compares with intra-class correlations in schoolchildren of 5% for health complaints and 20% for educational attainments.28 Such clustering for self-harm contrasts with prison suicides, for which estimated imitation rates of 1–11% have been reported.29
Self-harm in prison was clearly a risk factor for suicide in prison, particularly in male inmates. However, the absolute risk of suicide was fairly low. The main method of suicide was hanging, typically preceded by cutting or scratching. A change in the method of self-harm between non-fatal and fatal episodes is common in the general community.30 Suicide occurs fairly soon after a self-harm episode. In our study, factors associated independently with risk of suicide in male prisoners who self-harmed were age (particularly men aged 30–49 years) and previous self-harm of higher lethality. In female inmates, although statistical power was limited, greater risk was associated with a life sentence and multiple previous episodes of self-harm (>5 per year).
For prevention of self-harm and suicide in prisoners, raising staff awareness and further training are important.31 One key issue is whether individuals at risk can be identified at reception and appropriate preventive measures initiated. Factors associated with self-harm were mostly non-specific and had low predictive power for suicide. Future researchers should consider whether adding other factors, such as a history of self-harm outside prison or psychiatric morbidity,32,33 can improve screening. In terms of management, the individual factors we identified are largely unmodifiable; future investigations should focus on psychosocial characteristics amenable to intervention, such as depression, bereavement, self-esteem, and impulsivity.34 Our findings on clustering are potentially important because they suggest that prison-level changes in self-harm management might affect self-harm rates. Moreover, clustering was substantially more pronounced for prisoners self-harming once, rather than being a determinant of repetition. Therefore, this finding suggests that the response to self-harm should extend beyond the individual prisoner to other inmates in the same wing or prison who could be at risk.
Once an individual has self-harmed, consideration should be given to measures to prevent escalation, particularly because female prisoners who self-harm will on average have eight episodes a year. Introduction of a case-management approach for suicide risk in English and Welsh prisons—known as ACCT (Assessment, Care in Custody and Teamwork)—might increase the numbers of people receiving primary mental health care.18 Additional mental health input to this process, which is currently led by prison officers and does not necessarily include mental health professionals, is needed. Having prison staff lead this treatment is appropriate, but in more serious and repetitive cases, medical and psychological treatment should be considered. On the basis of current evidence from other settings, suicide risk management for prisoners should include psychosocial assessment, brief psychological treatment after an episode, and—for frequent self-harmers—modified dialectical behavioural therapy.12 These interventions require evaluation in prisoners, with trials of an adequate size.9,12 Because prisoners who self-harm usually have several psychiatric comorbidities and psychosocial difficulties,34,35 interventions might need to be more complex than in the general community, be multidisciplinary, and include speciality input. Restriction of access to means for self-harm is also important, similar to suicide prevention in psychiatric inpatients.36 Overall, our findings are consistent with calls for greater health-care involvement in the management and prevention of self-harm in prisons.37 However, the institutional challenges of improving prisoners' health care must be considered.16 One major challenge is negative attitudes of prison officers and health-care staff, and addressing these beliefs should be part of any self-harm strategy.31 Other solutions include closer involvement of academic medicine, regional networks, and international organisations, and increased legislation about prison health care. Underscoring all these points is the need for further spending on prison health care and ensuring that the proportional allocation of mental health funding is at least equivalent to that in the community.38
Our study had several limitations. First, the quality of data entry into the prison reporting system might vary by establishment; the number of unrecorded incidents is unknown and 5% of incidents did not have prisoner identifiers. Thus, data for recorded incidents are accurate (the annual rate of self-harm was fairly steady) but the numbers of individuals involved are estimates at the lower limit. Second, we were only able to include a limited number of variables in risk factor analyses. Excluded factors of interest were: time since first reception, previous offending, medication, and being identified as at risk. No information was available for suicidal intent,39 brain injury,23 psychiatric disorders,32,33 personality factors, family history, and cell occupancy (in controls), which are associated with prisoner self-harm. Third, because risk factor information for suicide was recorded at the last self-harm episode, which was sometimes many months before death occurred, other relevant factors might not have been identified. We were unable to link the data to suicides in the high-risk post-release period.17 Finally, differences between prison stay of included individuals mean that periods at risk for self-harm and suicide will have varied considerably. Ideally, person-years at risk should be reported, a challenge for prison services worldwide, and this information would allow for more accurate estimates of hazards for adverse outcomes in custody and on release.
In conclusion, the burden of self-harm in prisoners is substantial, affecting 5–6% of male prisoners and 20–24% of female inmates every year. Repetition of self-harm is common, particularly in a subgroup of female prisoners. Evidence of clustering of self-harm episodes suggests that contagion might contribute to rates. Moreover, our results indicate that prevention of suicide in prisons should include a focus on inmates who are self-harming. We have identified some factors that could help target prisoners at risk; however, the fairly low base rate of suicide even in this high-risk group, and the paucity of risk factors, probably means that all prisoners who are self-harming should be regarded as at risk, with special focus on women who repeatedly self-harm.
This study was funded by grants from the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) and Offender Health, Department of Health (England). It was also supported by funding provided to KH in his role as a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator and to SF from the Wellcome Trust (095806). The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NIHR, the UK National Health Service, the Department of Health, or the Wellcome Trust. We thank Debra Baldwin and Kate Ward from the Offender Safety, Rights and Responsibility Group, NOMS, for advice; and Mary Piper from the Health and Justice Team, Public Health England, for helpful comments on a previous draft of the manuscript.
KH and SF designed the study, interpreted the findings, and wrote the draft report. TA collected the data. LL analysed data for prevalence and risk factors and assisted with writing of the draft report. AS did the clustering analysis and the systematic review for the Research in Context panel. SF revised the report and all study authors critically reviewed the final report.
TA is an employee of the National Offender Management Service. SF has provided expert testimony for deaths in custody in England and Northern Ireland. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.