text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 5, 1982
|Filing date
|Sep 25, 1981
|Priority date
|Apr 28, 1980
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Vincent O. Catanzarite
|Original Assignee
|Altus Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (39), Classifications (26), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a division of application Ser. No. 144,660, filed Apr. 28, 1980.
This invention relates to electrochemical power cells. More particularly, it relates to certain cell designs that minimize the hazards resulting from charging or forced discharging.
Although electrochemical power cells have been known and used extensively for many years, they still have many deficiencies. One of the significant limitations of many cells is a safety hazard when the cell is either force discharged or charged. By forced discharge is meant that an external current is forced through the cell from an external power supply having its negative terminal connected to the positive terminal of the cell and vice versa. By charge is meant an external current is forced through the cell from an external power source having its positive electrode connected to the positive electrode of the cell and vice versa. By cell is meant a single indivisible electrochemical couple consisting of a cathode anode and electrolyte. And by battery is meant an arrangement of more than one cell into an operating multicell unit.
Many cells tend to explode when they are either charged or force discharged. In batteries with low power and energy densities, or cells with small capacities, the hazards are relatively small even if an explosion occurs. However, with large batteries and particularly with new high energy density batteries such as the lithium anode based batteries, explosions can be life endangering events.
It is generally believed that the principal cause of explosions in batteries upon charging or forced discharge is an exothermic reaction due to the reaction of chemical species which were not originally in the battery but were created by electrolysis, or by the distribution of chemicals such as the plating of the anode onto the cathode.
Electrolysis is a well known electrochemical phenomenon. Briefly stated, electrolysis is the decomposition or change in oxidation state of chemicals in liquid form or in solution caused by passing an electrical current through the liquid. As an example, in aqueous electrolyte cells, sufficient external current forced through the cell causes the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen recombine explosively under a veriety of conditions, such as high temperature, spark or the presence of a catalyst. In the case of non-aqueous electrolytes such as those used in lithium cells, there are other chemicals that recombine explosively. For example, in cells where lithium chloride salts are present, electrolysis liberates chlorine gas and elemental lithium which recombine explosively. In the lithium-sulfur dioxide cell, sulfur and oxygen are liberated, both of which combine explosively with lithium under certain conditions. In the highly advanced lithium-oxyhalide cells, such as the thionyl chloride and sulfuryl chloride cells; lithium, sulfur, chlorine and perhaps other unidentified species are liberated by electrolysis and may recombine explosively. If the charging or forced discharging current is sufficiently low, the voltage differential created across the cell may be below the threshold at which electrolysis occurs. In this case, electrolysis does not occur but plating of anode material on to the cathode for fixed discharge and visa versa for charging does occur. And with small particles of anode and cathode material in intimate contact with each other, explosions may occur, particularly if the cell is also exposed to high temperatures. In lithium oxyhalide cells, molten lithium in contact with the oxyhalide usually results in an explosion. Indeed, the lack of a reliable, cost efficient solution to these problems has been a major reason that the lithium-oxyhalide cells have not succeeded commercially.
It is therefore an object of this invention to minimize any risk of explosion in an electrochemical cell as a result of the reaction of electrolysis created chemical species.
Another object of the invention is to minimize the risk of explosion in an electrochemical cell as a result of anode and cathode materials being intermixed through a plating process.
Another object of this invention is to minimize the quantity of electrical current that flows through the cathode and electrolyte material of an electrochemical cell subjected to a forced discharge situation.
Another object of this invention is to minimize the quantity of current flowing through the cathode and electrolyte of an electrochemical cell exposed to a charging current.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a cell design in which forced discharge current from an external source is shunted directly from a metallic surface at cathode potential to a metallic surface at anode potential via dendritic growth and thereby substantially exclude the externally impressed current from the cell areas vulnerable to electrolysis and plating.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a cell design for lithium anode, oxyhalide cells in which substantially all forced discharge current from an external source is shunted through the cell by a metallic current path consisting of lithium dendrites.
These and other objects of the invention are achieved by a cell design that effectively provides at least two parallel electrical paths for externally impressed current to follow through the cell. One or more of the paths include substantially all of the reaction byproducts of the cell. At least one path exists that does not contain significant reaction byproducts.
According to one aspect of the invention, externally impressed electric current is diverted from paths through the cathode region to other paths by increasing the electrical resistance of the cathode region as the active cell chemicals are reacted. This is accomplished by choosing the quantity of active chemicals such that the cell is always cathode limited.
According to another aspect of the invention, current is diverted from the paths containing the reaction byproducts by providing an alternative path having a substantially lower resistance.
According to another aspect of the invention, externally impressed current is shunted around the cell through a metallic current path which is formed by dendritic growth that is grown by the action of the externally impressed current on the cell design.
Another aspect of the invention is the following cell design: A fluid tight casing has first and second terminals electrically insulated from each other. Within the casing, there is an anode electrically connected to the first terminal and positioned such that a portion is juxtaposed with but mechanically spaced from the second terminal. A cathode structure located within the casing is spaced from the anode and electrically connected to the second terminal. Electrolyte is located within the casing and in contact with both the cathode and anode and cooperates therewith to produce a voltage difference between the first and second terminals under normal operation. The relative proportion of anode, cathode and electrolyte actively entering into the electrochemical reaction is such that the cell is not electrolyte limited and a predetermined amount of anode material is effectively isolated from the electrochemical reaction by physical isolation from cathode material or by having the total anode material in the cell exceed that required for complete reaction with the active cathode material by a predetermined amount. A first separator is located between the anode and cathode so as to preclude the electrical shorting therebetween. A second separator is located between the anode and the second terminal and is sufficiently porous to allow the growth of dendrites when an externally generated current is impressed on the cell. The second terminal surface juxtaposed with the anode may be of a specific metal to minimize the potential at which dendrites grow.
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a cell useful for illustrating the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a cell useful in explaining the invention.
FIG. 3 is an exploded cross-sectional schematic of a single anode cell incorporating the features of the invention.
FIG. 4 is an exploded cross-sectional schematic view of a multi-electrode cell incorporating an alternative embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional schematic view of an alternative multi-electrode cell incorporating the features of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a multi-cell, bipolar battery which includes the invention.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a spiral wound cell incorporating the invention partly unwound for illustrative purposes.
The invention to be described herein is generally applicable to both primary and secondary cells in which electrolysis resulting from externally impressed currents creates chemical species which under certain circumstances such as mechanical shock, heat, spark, presence of a catalyst, etc. may react explosively. Additionally, the invention applies to situations where electrolysis resulting from an externally imposed current causes the decomposition of cell components into gases and thereby increases the internal vapor pressure to create potentially explosive conditions. Examples of cells that fit into the latter category are a lithium-sulfur dioxide cell and lead-acid. Finally, the invention applies to cells where the intermixing of anode and cathode material occurs from low voltage plating.
A forced discharge situation may occur either by a design mistake, or more commonly, it may occur in a multi-cell series stack when the voltage of a single cell within the stack falls substantially below the voltage of the remaining cells in the stack. In this situation, current is forced through the low voltage cell in the same direction as the cell supplies current when operating normally. When the active materials in the low voltage cell can no longer support the current density required by the external curcuit, cell voltage reversal occurs and the externally impressed electrons pass directly through the cell. When this occurs, the anode and cathode material may be mixed by plating or classical electrolysis may then occur at either electrode surface, and new chemical species not originally in the cell may be created. This process applies not only to primary cells, but also to secondary cells. The new species may be such that they react explosively with other new species or with original cell chemicals.
A charge situation most commonly occurs from an operator error in connecting up cells or it may occur in a parallel configuration of cells when the voltage of one cell falls significantly below that of the remaining cells. In this situation, electrons are forced through the low voltage cell in a direction opposite to that in which they would naturally flow as a result of the cell electrochemical couple. Voltage reversal does not occur.
The danger of charging or forced discharging cells is explosions. Charging or forced discharging causes an externally generated current to be forced through the cell in one direction or the other. This in turn can either intermingle cathode and anode material, cause electrolysis or both.
Electrolysis does not readily occur below a critical interelectrode potential so that very small externally impressed currents passing through the cells or very low resistance cells may not experience electrolysis. However, plating does occur at very low potentials and is nearly always a hazard. The present invention eliminates both hazards.
Clearly if no externally impressed current were allowed to flow through the cell, the explosion hazard from both plating and electrolysis would be completely eliminated. This may be accomplished by using external relays and voltage detectors, but this approach is expensive, impractical for most applications, and not this invention. However, this invention achieves equivalent results by channeling any externally impressed current through the cell so as to avoid plating and electrolysis. An alternative, low resistance, current path is created in parallel with the cell which lowers the voltage across the cell due to the external current below the critical voltage and electrolysis does not occur. And this second path is designed such that any plating that occurs takes the form of dendrites which bridge the gap between the cell terminals and thereby create a metallic short across the cell.
At the same time, the alternative current path must not create an internal self-discharge path for the battery or reduce the effectiveness of the cell under normal operation. This is accomplished by in essence creating a second electrochemical cell with special properties that is effectively connected in parallel with the principal cell to be protected. The second cell must have essentially the same open circuit voltage as the principal cell so that there will be no internal self discharge or shunting effect during storage or normal operation. Additionally, the second cell must be designed to grow dendrites across its terminals when an external current is impressed thereon. The second cell may be either external or internal to the principal cell. The second cell may share common elements such as cathode, anode, electrolyte, and terminals therewith. However, the preferred embodiments incorporate the second cell into the principal cell as an integral part thereof.
In order for dendrites to form, applicant has found that a source of metallic ions and a conductive liquid electrolyte must be present in the second cell at the end of primary cell life.
In designing preferred embodiments of the second cell Applicant has found that dendrite growth improves as the current density and potential across the cell are increased. Indeed, below a critical interelectrode potential, dendrites will not form. If the second cell is integral with the principal cell, the two cells may still be independent with respect to which active components are depleted first except that neither cell may be electrolyte limited.
Although the present invention applies to cells with many different chemistries as described previously, it is needed most in high performance cells such as the lithium, oxyhalide cells described extensively in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,669, issued to Auborn on Dec. 16, 1975, and in British Pat. No. 1,409,307 issued to Blomgren et al. on Oct. 8, 1975.
Cells using thionyl chloride based electrolyte are described in the preferred embodiments of this invention. This type of cell was chosen for descriptive purposes because it is probably the highest energy and power density cell currently under investigation. In these cells, explosive events resulting from the reaction of species liberated by electrolysis tend to be more hazardous than in lower energy cells.
The theory of operation of lithium anode, thionyl chloride cells indicates that the active cathode material is thionyl chloride, a liquid at room temperature. The cathodic surfaces such as carbon and those metals described in the Auborn patent, referenced previously, are primarily catalytic surfaces on which the reduction of thionyl chloride occurs. However, for purposes of this application, the solution of lithium tetrachlcrealuminate in thionyl chloride, shall be referred to as the electrolyte and the term cathode shall mean the catalyzing surface.
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a lithium anode, thionyl chloride cell in connection with which preferred embodiments of the present invention will be discussed.
Referring to FIG. 1, cell 10 is shown to include an overall casing arrangement 12 which defines an internal, fluid tight chamber. Casing arrangement 12 includes a top portion 12b having a central opening extending therethrough and an outwardly flared circumferential flange 15b located at and around its bottom end. The casing also includes a bottom portion 12a having an outwardly flared circumferential flange 15a which is welded or otherwise suitably fastened to the top cover around the underside of flange 15b. The casing may be constructed of any suitable material so long as it is compatible with the cell chemicals.
The overall casing arrangement 12 includes a pair of electrically insulated terminals, one of which is the casing itself in a preferred embodiment. The other terminal, indicated at 14, is constructed of any suitable electrically conductive material, for example stainless steel, and is elongated in shape. Actually, as will become apparent hereinafter, terminal 14 may be utilized to introduce the electrolyte into the chamber and, hence, is tubular in a preferred embodiment. This terminal extends through the opening in top portion 12b such that one end thereof is within the chamber and an opposite end is outside the chamber. It is this opposite end section which acts as the second external terminal of the battery.
To electrically isolate terminal 14 from the casing, a circumferential insulation member 16 is located within and fills the opening in top portion 12b and fits concentrically around terminal 14, thereby insulating this terminal from the casing. The outer circumferential surface of the insulator is bonded in a continuous fashion to the top portion 12b and its inner circumferential surface is bonded in a continuous fashion to and around the outer surface of terminal 14. The insulator itself may be conventional and it may be conventionally bonded to top portion 12b and terminal 14. However, in a preferred embodiment, the insulator is identical to the ceramic insulator described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,127,702 issued on Nov. 28, 1978.
In addition to overall casing arrangement 12, battery 10 includes an arrangement of chemically interacting components which produce the desired voltage difference across the cell terminals, specifically between terminal 14 and casing 12. These components include an anode 18 and a solid cathode 20 which is spaced from and in confronting relation with the anode. A first separator 22 is positioned between cathode 20 and anode 18 and serves the purpose of preventing cathode 20 and anode 18 from mechanically contacting each other and thereby creating an internal self-discharge path. However, separator 22 is sufficiently porous for electrolyte to pass through it. Additionally, the separator material is inert to the cell chemicals. A wide variety of glass, ceramic and plastic materials have been used for this purpose. Several examples are described in the Auborn and Blumgren patents among which fritted glass, glass mats, porous glass, ceramic mats and porous teflon structures have been found to work. A second separator 24, separates anode 18 from casing 12b. According to one aspect of the invention, separator 24 must provide good mechanical separation and sufficient porousity to allow the flow of ions therethrough. According to another aspect of the invention to be described later, separator 24 must be sufficiently porous to allow dendrites to pass therethrough.
In this electrochemical system, the cathode may be a variety of solid materials. Those described in the Auborn patent have been found to be useful. However, cathodes made at least partially of carbon are preferred. It is desirable to have as much surface area as possible between the cathode material and the electrolyte so that catalytic action and charge transfer can take place most expeditiously. It is therefore, preferred to employ a porous cathode.
Anode 18 is preferably lithium which may be pressed into a nickel screen but may also be other active consumable metals as described in the Blumgren patent.
The remaining volume of a cell is filled with an ionically conductive electrolyte solution, preferably lithium tetrachloroaluminate in concentrations of between 0.5 and 1.8 moles dissolved in thionyl chloride.
FIG. 2 illustrates in schematic format the impedance of a cell of FIG. 1 to an externally impressed current.
With one polarity, current would flow in terminal 14 and disperse itself along anode 18 and flow through the electrolyte to either surface 12a or 12b. With the opposite polarity, current would flow in the opposite direction but follow the same path. The resistance of the path between anode 18 and terminal surface 12a is the combination of Rs1, the resistance across separator 22, plus Rc, the resistance across cathode 20.
The resistance of the electric current path between anode 18 and terminal surface 12b is Rs2. Resistance Rs2 is proportional to the distance separating anode 18 and terminal surface 12b and the resistivity of the electrolyte and inversely proportional to the area of juxtaposition of anode 18 and terminal 12b. Since the electric current paths characterized by resistance Rs2 and that of the Rs1 +Rc are in parallel, the current will divide itself in a manner inversely proportional to resistances of those paths. This is important because nearly all of the cell chemicals in solution are located between anode 18 and electrode surface 12, and nearly all of the reaction byproducts are located in cathode 20. Thus by controlling Rs2 and Rc electric current flowing from anode 18 to terminal 12b can be made to pass through only a small proportion of the cell chemicals and virtually no reaction byproducts and the dangers of electrolysis are reduced. According to this analysis, electrolysis is reduced by making the differential value between Rs2 and Rc as great as possible. This can be accomplished by any combination of reducing Rs2 or increasing Rc.
According to one aspect of the invention Rc is increased by specifically designing the cell to be cathode limited. That is, at the end of cell life, the cathode becomes polarized by the accumulation of reaction byproducts which impedes any further electrochemical reaction and since they are nonconductive increases the cathode's resistance to externally impressed electric current. In this case separator 24, across which Rs2 is measured, must allow ions to readily pass therethrough. Thus separator 24 must have a pore size greater than the size of ions to be passed. All of the materials useful for separator 22 are useful for separator 24 according to this aspect of the invention.
According to another aspect of the present invention, Rs2 is substantially reduced during forced discharge by a cell design that incorporates a secondary cell in which solid metallic dendrites will grow from terminal 12b to anode 18 at the right moment without affecting the normal operation of the cell. Dendrites create a solid ohmic conductive path from second electrode 12b to first electrode 14 forming a very low resistance shunt. As a result, Rs2 becomes orders of magnitude lower than Rc and substantially all electrolysis is precluded. Additionally, virtually all intermingling of cathode and anode material from plating is eliminated.
In FIG. 2, the secondary cell would consist of anode 18, separator 24 and electrode surface 12b which is at cathode potential and acts as an inefficient cathode current collector. The electrolyte is common between the primary and secondary cell. In this embodiment, there must be sufficient anode material at the end of cell life to allow dendritic growth from anode 18 to electrode 12b.
It is desirable to have both the current delivery and energy capability of the secondary cell much smaller than that of the primary cell. This is conveniently accomplished in a thionyl chloride cell by substituting the high catalytic large surface area carbon of the primary cell with a much lower surface area, lower catalytic copper surface of electrode 12b.
As mentioned previously the potential difference at which dendrites will grow from terminal surface 12b to anode 18 (called plating potential) is important. The plating potential is different for different metal combinations and electrolytes. Generally in an electrochemical system, the anode material and the electrolyte are chosen for their performance properties rather than their dendrite growing properties. As a result dendrites may grow poorly or not at all.
According to the present invention, this problem is greatly reduced by choosing the surface of electrode 12b for optimum plating. Clearly the entire structure of electrode 12b need not be constructed with the optimum plating metal. Rather, it is sufficient to have only the surface of electrode 12b consist of the optimum plating metal. The plating metal, must of course, be compatible with the remaining coil chemicals and not soluble therein.
In the case of a lithium anode, Table 1 below shows, typically, the plating potential of lithium to certain other metals across a 0.030 inch gap in an electrolyte consisting of a 1.6 molar solution of lithium tetrachloraluminate in thionyl chloride.
TABLE 1______________________________________Electrode Plating Voltage______________________________________Copper 0.10Nickel 0.20Lead 0.22Antimony 0.55Cadmium 0.35Tantalum 0.15Stainless Steel 0.85______________________________________
As Table 1 indicates, copper provides the lowest plating voltage and is the preferred electrode surface. However, the other materials enumerated in Table 1 as well as others may be suitable.
Another important factor is the pore size of separator 24 which must be large enough to allow dendrite whiskers to pass therethrough. At the same time, the pore size cannot be so large that the anode and cathode will mechanically touch each other. In general dendrite whiskers will grow in a wide spectrum of diameters. Applicant has observed that in lithium-thionyl chloride battery applications, most dendrite whiskers have a diameter of between 0.0005 and 0.005 inches with the most common diameter occurring around 0.002 to 0.004 inches. Accordingly, a separator that has a pore size of no smaller than 0.001 allows for good dendritic growth. Applicant has also observed that pore sizes of up to 0.050 do not cause shorts. Thus a preferred range of pore sizes is 0.001 to 0.05 inches. A preferred separator for this purpose is a glass or ceramic paper. By paper is meant a mat of small fibers. This structure not only allows the passage of dendrites, but also gives them a certain amount of mechanical support important in the early stages of their growth.
Finally, the length of the path over which dendrites must grow cannot be excessive. Since dendrites are structurally fragile they tend to break before completely bridging large electrode gaps. Large is a relative term and is dependent on many things such as current density, presence or absence of vibration, mechanical or thermal shock and the pressure of a support structure such as applicant's separator. Applicant has found that an electrode gap of 0.020 inches or less is practical; however, an electrode separation of 0.012 inches or less is preferable.
When the foregoing conditions are present, dendrites grow within seconds after the plating potential is reached. Since the objective is to minimize the current flowing through the active battery chemicals, it is desirable to have the lowest plating potential available. This is true because current will flow through the active battery components as long as there is a voltage differential between the two electrodes. Thus at extremely low differential, below 0.1 volts, current will flow through the active battery materials and plating will not occur. Fortunately, this condition rarely occurs. However, it is desirable to have dendritic growth commence at the lowest potential possible.
The dendritic growth mechanism will be described in connection with FIG. 2. When a cell is put into a forced discharge condition, an externally imposed voltage difference between terminals 12 and 14 forces electrons into the cell through terminal 12.
As long as there are sufficient materials for normal electrochemical activity and these materials can sustain the rate of current flow dictated by the external supply of electrons, voltage reversal does not occur. However, as soon as the active electrochemical materials can no longer sustain the current density required by the externally imposed current, a voltage reversal occurs. Terminal 12 goes from positive to negative and terminal 14 goes from negative to positive. When the plating potential between electrode 18 and the particular surface of terminal 12b is reached as discussed in connection with Table 1, positive lithium ions in the electrolyte solution accept electrons from surface 12b and become elemental lithium. The elemental lithium grows on the surface of negative electrode 12b, in small whisker like fibers in the direction of the electrical field; that is, toward anode 18. When the whisker reaches anode 18, an ohmic short is created between the two electrodes. In FIG. 2, resistor Rs2 would then represent the resistance of the dendrites and would be very low compared with Rc +Rs1. Thus, for all practical purposes, the current would not flow through any cell chemicals.
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention. Like reference numerals in the FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 correspond to like parts. In FIG. 3, anode 18 is attached to electrode 14 via a clip 26. Clip 26 is generally a thin disc shaped piece of metal having a hole in the center thereof, designed to be force fit around pin 14. One function of clip 26 is to securely attach anode 18 to pin 14. It is shown in the center of anode 18 illustratively, to indicate that it is desirable to minimize the amount of a dissimilar metal exposed to electrolyte so that internal self-discharge galvanic currents are also minimized.
According to this embodiment of the invention, clip 26 performs an additional useful function of isolating a portion of the lithium in anode 18 from reacting with the other cell active components in the normal cell discharge processes. The isolated lithium is then available at the end of cell life for dendritic growth. The portion of the lithium anode so isolated is generally illustrated by the hatching referenced by numeral 28. With this embodiment, the primary cell may be anode or cathode limited. The secondary cell consisting of the lithium isolated by clip 26, separator 24 and that portion of electrode surface 12b juxtaposed with lithium anode 28 will provide protection via dendritic growth in any event.
Additionally, this embodiment is preferred over that of FIG. 2 because the small surface area of juxtaposed anode and cathode is substantially smaller than that of the primary cell. This causes an increased current density and potential across the secondary cell which in turn creates improved conditions for dendritic growth.
While the precise relative geometry of the primary and secondary cell as well as electrolyte conductivity are matters of design judgement, it is desirable both functionally and economically to make the secondary cell very small relative to the primary cell.
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a multi-anode configuration utilizing the present invention. Cathodes 20a, 20b, and 20c are separated by separators 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, and 22e from anodes 18a, 18b, and 18c. Separator 24 separates anode 18c from electrode surface 12b. Anode 18c is divided into two sections 30 and 32 by a solid separator 34. Anode portion 32 is designed to interact with cathode 20c in the normal operation of the cell. Anode section 30 which may be in the shape of a ring as shown is isolated from the remainder of the cell by a non-porous isolating sheet 34 such as stainless steel, nickel or non-porous ceramic. With this arrangement, anode section 30 is intact at the end of cell life and available for dendritic growth from electrode surface 12b through separator 24 to anode section 30. For proper operation, cathodes 20a, 20b, and 20c must be electrically interconnected (electrical connection not shown for the sake of clarity). Likewise, anodes 18a, 18b and 18c must be electrically interconnected (shown schematically connected by central terminal 14). Care must be taken to ensure that cathode and anode parts do not physically contact each other and internally short the cell.
An alternative embodiment (not illustrated), calls for an increase in the thickness of anode 18c so that at the end of cell life, a predetermined quantity of anode material remains intact and is available for dendritic growth from electrode surface 12b through separator 24 to the anode.
FIG. 5 shows a cell 38 having an alternative multi-anode and cathode arrangement, wherein the casing does not serve as one terminal. In this configuration, an anode terminal 40, and a cathode terminal 41 feed through a first insulator 42 and a second insulator 43 into the interior of a fluid tight compartment defined by said terminals insulators and a casing 44.
Contiguous to casing 44, pierced only by terminals 40 and 41 is separator 45 which is required to isolate all active and current carrying components from casing 44.
Connected to terminal 40 is an anode structure consisting of three plates 46a, 46b and 46c which are interconnected by a conductive member 47. Member 47 continues around at least a portion of the circumference of cell 38 contiguous to separator 45. The extended portion of conductive member 47 is referenced in FIG. 5 by numeral 48. Conductive member 47 may also extend across all or part of the bottom of the cell as indicated by reference numeral 49.
A conductive extension member 52 of cathode terminal 41 interconnects three cathodes plates 54a, 54b, and 54c. Member 52 may be made of any good conductor that is nonreactive with the battery chemistry. Typical examples are nickel and stainless steel. Separator 56 mechanically separates the various cathodic and anodic surface from each other.
It is important that conductive member 48 and extension member 52 be overlapping with juxtaposed surfaces separated only by a portion of separator 56 indicated by reference numeral 60. The overlap need not be 100%; however, the larger the overlap, the lower the electrical resistance therebetween to an externally impressed current. With this arrangement any externally imposed currents in either direction will be substantially shunted to flow from terminal 40 to terminal 41 through separator 60, where the impedance path is minimized.
Where conductive member 48 and extension member 52 are contiguous, conductive member 48 may have surfaces of the same metal as the anode, in this case lithium. In the case of a forced discharge polarity, dendrites will grow from extension member 52 to conductive member 48 which further improves the shunting phenomenon. This is, of course, enhanced if the surface of extension member 52 is plated as previously described. When current is forced through the cell in the charge direction, dendrites may grow more slowly due to insufficient lithium ions, but the impedance path between member 48 and 52 is still much lower than through the body of the cell and electrolysis is significantly reduced.
FIG. 6 illustrates a bipolar electrode battery configuration (sometimes called a pile battery) consisting of three cells in a common housing. More particularly, cell 70 consists of cathode 72, separator 74, and anode 76. Cell 80 consists of cathode 82, separator 84 and anode 86. Cell 90 consists of cathode 92, separator 94 and anode 96. Cathode 72 is electrically and mechanically attached to external terminal 100. Anode 96 is electrically and mechanically attached to external terminal 102. Terminals 100 and 102 are joined to casing 106 by insulating seals 104 and thereby define a fluid tight chamber. Additionally, anode 86 and cathode 92 are electrically connected to opposite sides of metallic spacer 112, which is in turn joined to casing 106 through insulating spacers 114.
In operation, anode 76 and cathode 72 cooperate to form one cell which is connected in series with the cell consisting of anode 86 and cathode 82, which is in turn, connected in series with the cell consisting of anode 96 and cathode 92.
In this battery configuration, the design must provide protection from externally imposed currents for each cell. This is accomplished in the same fundamental manner as with the single cells. That is, each cell is designed such that a portion of the anode surface is positioned immediately adjacent to a metallic surface at the cathode potential, separated only by a porous separator. In FIG. 6, for each cell, the anodes 76, 86 and 96 are larger in area than their corresponding cathodes, 72, 82 and 92. The section of each anode which extends beyond its corresponding cathode, indicated by reference number 120, fits this design criteria. (FIG. 6 is schematic. In reality, anode surface 120 would be separated from spacer 112 by the thickness of separator 94. The resistance across cell 90 is much lower in this area to an externally impressed current than through the cathode and dendrites will grow to further reduce the resistance).
Applicant's invention may also be used on a spiral-wound cell. Spiral wound cells are conventionally fabricated by forming long rectangular sheets of anode material, cathode material and separator material; placing the sheets contiguous to each other with the separator sheets on both sides of the anode sheet, rolling up the sheet into a cylinder; positioning the cylinder in a fluid casing containing electrolyte and first and second terminals electrically insulated from each other connected respectively to the anode sheet and cathode sheet and electrically communicating between the interior and exterior of the casing.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a partially unwound spiral-wound cell which illustrates the application of the present invention to this type of cell construction. Referring to FIG. 7, sheets 130 and 132 of separator material surround sheet 136 of anode material. Cathode sheet 138 is juxtaposed with anode sheet 136 but is separated therefrom by separator 132. Cathode sheet 138 consists of a typical cathode or current collector material bound to a screen 139, which is in turn connected to a solid tab electrode 140 of conductor material. Typically, both the screen and tab will be of stainless steel or nickel and may be plated to minimize the plating voltage for dendrite growth. The anode is typically an active material such as lithium pressed into a nickel or stainless steel screen.
Applicant's invention is preferably practiced in a spiral-wound cell by having a portion of anode sheet 136 juxtaposed with cathode tab electrode 140 but separated therefrom by a separator sheet 132. In this way, a portion of the anode is contiguous to an electrically conducting surface at cathode potential and the mechanism of applicant's invention previously described will operate.
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|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Method for interconnecting anodes and cathodes in a flat capacitor
|Sep 25, 2009
|Jul 9, 2013
|Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
|Bipolar secondary battery, method for manufacturing the bipolar secondary battery, bipolar electrode, method for manufacturing the bipolar electrode and assembled battery
|Oct 27, 2008
|Jan 21, 2014
|G4 Synergetics, Inc.
|Dish shaped and pressure equalizing electrodes for electrochemical batteries
|Mar 2, 2011
|May 20, 2014
|Highwater Innovations, Llc
|Low aspect ratio spiral-wound VRLA battery
|Jan 27, 2010
|Oct 14, 2014
|G4 Synergetics, Inc.
|Variable volume containment for energy storage devices
|Jun 15, 2011
|Jun 23, 2015
|Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives
|Lithium electrochemical accumulator with a bipolar architecture operating on the basis of a pair of lithiated sulfur compound electrodes
|Jun 15, 2011
|May 10, 2016
|Commissariat � l'�nergie atomique et aux �nergies alternatives
|Electrochemical lithium accumulator with a bipolar architecture comprising a specific electrolyte additive
|Apr 21, 2010
|Apr 11, 2017
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Batteries including a flat plate design
|Sep 17, 2003
|Mar 18, 2004
|Quallion Llc
|Electric storage battery construction and method of manufacture
|Jun 7, 2005
|Oct 13, 2005
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Electrochemical device including electrolyte
|May 3, 2006
|Dec 28, 2006
|Randy Ogg
|Bi-polar rechargeable electrochemical battery
|Feb 12, 2008
|Jan 22, 2009
|Randy Ogg
|Stacked constructions for electrochemical batteries
|Jan 16, 2009
|May 14, 2009
|O'phelan Michael J
|Batteries including a flat plate design
|Oct 27, 2008
|Jun 4, 2009
|G4 Synergetics, Inc.
|Dish shaped and pressure equalizing electrodes for electrochemical batteries
|Apr 21, 2010
|Aug 12, 2010
|O'phelan Michael J
|Batteries including a flat plate design
|Jan 27, 2010
|Aug 12, 2010
|G4 Synergetics, Inc.
|Electrode folds for energy storage devices
|Apr 23, 2010
|Dec 2, 2010
|G4 Synergetics, Inc.
|Energy storage devices having cells electrically coupled in series and in parallel
|Aug 5, 2010
|Dec 2, 2010
|G4 Synergetics, Inc.
|Bi-polar rechargeable electrochemical battery
|Sep 25, 2009
|Feb 17, 2011
|Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
|Bipolar secondary battery, method for manufacturing the bipolar secondary battery, bipolar electrode, method for manufacturing the bipolar electrode and assembled battery
|Jun 15, 2011
|May 2, 2013
|Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives
|Electrochemical lithium accumulator with a bipolar architecture comprising a specific electrolyte additive
|Jun 15, 2011
|Jun 20, 2013
|Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives
|Lithium electrochemical accumulator with a bipolar architecture operating on the basis of a pair of lithiated sulfur compound electrodes
|Mar 10, 2014
|Feb 25, 2016
|Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
|Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
|Jun 15, 2011
|Feb 27, 2013
|Lithium electrochemical accumulator having a bipolar architecture and operating with a lithium-sulphur compound electrode pair
|May 11, 1984
|Nov 21, 1984
|Gte Communications Products Corporation
|Electrochemical battery
|U.S. Classification
|429/101, 429/160, 429/210, 429/152
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 20, 1983
Owner name: CATANZARITE, VINCENT O., 7044 MIRA VISTA, LAS VEGA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ALTUS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004142/0560
Effective date: 19830525
|Mar 20, 1986
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 10, 1994
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 2, 1994
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 13, 1994
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19941005


text:
- cat's-paw
- noun
(plural cat's-paws)
Date: circa 1769
1. a light air that ruffles the surface of the water in irregular patches during a calm
2. [from the fable of the monkey that used a cat's paw to draw chestnuts from the fire] one used by another as a tool ; dupe <the…government became the cat's-paw for foreign powers — D. J. Boorstin> 3. a hitch knot formed with two eyes for attaching a line to a hook — see knot illustration
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hair requires regular upkeep to stay straight and shiny, much like the broadsword your cousin uses to open beer bottle after beer bottle. Get a mighty cut with this Groupon.
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- $25 for a haircut, conditioning treatment, and blowout (a $70 value)
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Salon C/K of Cool Springs
At Salon C/K of Cool Springs an experienced and ethnically diverse staff pampers clients of all ages with hair and skin services. Pulling from Redken, Mizani, and Design Essentials product lines, they update 'dos with stylish cuts and color treatments. Aestheticians keep skin smooth with waxing treatments and facials, or deliver an instant sun-kissed glow with spray tans.


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Marijuana Businesses Should Be Banned in Pueblo County, New Petition Says
Prepare to say goodbye to a decent strain selection in Pueblo County if voters approve a marijuana business ban.
Lindsey Bartlett
Pueblo County's welcoming attitude toward marijuana businesses could flip if a recently filed petition to ban marijuana business gains November ballot status and voter approval.
Filed last week by Pueblo attorney Dan Oldenburg and tree-company owner Kenny Gierhart, the petition calls for a ban on issuing licenses to new marijuana businesses by November 8 and the closure of any pot business in Pueblo County by November 2017. This includes marijuana product manufacturers and testing facilities, but not industrial-hemp businesses.
The Pueblo County Board of Commissioners, which has praised the legal marijuana industry's creation of jobs and tax dollars for the local economy, has issued a statement to the media condemning the petition as a step backward for the community.
"This latest ballot initiative would close retail marijuana establishments, not prohibit the consumption of marijuana. If passed, Pueblo residents would be forced to purchase from the black market for a legal product," the statement reads.
According to the Board of Commissioners, $20 million of Colorado's $1 billion-plus marijuana sales in 2015 occurred in Pueblo County, and commercial building expenditures on marijuana-related projects accounted for a total of $14,677,477.
"I'm saddened that a vocal minority is willing to tear apart our community when the voters of Pueblo have already spoken loud and clear. The result will be the same…again… except the community will be divided unnecessarily for the next seven months," Pueblo County Commissioner Sal Pace said in a prepared statement. "The folks running the measure need to explain to the hundreds of people working in Pueblo's cannabis, construction and real-estate industries how they will put food on the table if this measure is successful."
Anti-marijuana educational group Pueblo for Positive Impact says it is "tired of the bullying tactics" of marijuana advocates and hopes Pueblo County voters will repeal the "pot propaganda" brought on by retail marijuana.
"Interviewing only marijuana users is not a snapshot of public opinion. It's a one-sided perspective we've been bombarded with for over two years. The citizens of Pueblo County will have their say, not in the newspaper — but at the ballot box. Nothing unfair about that," the group wrote on its Facebook page.
Marijuana generated $1.63 million of net revenue for Pueblo County in 2015. Last week's statement from the Board of Commissioners says another $3.5 million is anticipated annually from the excise tax.
The petition is currently under review by the Pueblo County Clerk's Office. Pueblo County Clerk and Recorder Gilbert Ortiz told KOAA News 5 that there is a five-day period for the petitioner and county officials to change the wording before the petition is certified for circulation.
Marijuana businesses are banned in the City of Pueblo, but the county has embraced cultivation centers, dispensaries and infused-product makers since the passage of Amendment 64, which 55.6 percent of Pueblo County residents voted in favor of in 2012.
Keep reading to learn about upcoming marijuana events:
The Women's Cannabis Chamber of Commerce will continue its series of Entrepreneur Boot Camp classes with a course on social media and online marketing today, Monday, April 4, from 6:30 to 9:30 p.m. For $89, attendees will learn how to use social media and online marketing to effectively boost the profile of a cannabis business. Class location will be shared upon registration and includes a light dinner.
Upcoming Events
Colorado Rockies vs. Detroit Tigers
TicketsMon., Aug. 28, 6:40pm
Cindy Kaza with Andy Byng!
TicketsWed., Aug. 30, 7:30pm
Jeff Dye
TicketsThu., Aug. 31, 7:30pm
Rocky Mountain Showdown - CU v CSU Football vs. University of Colorado Buffaloes
TicketsFri., Sep. 1, 6:00pm
Colorado Rockies vs. Arizona Diamondbacks
TicketsFri., Sep. 1, 6:40pm
David Schmader, writer and former editor of Seattle's The Stranger, will present and sign his new book, Weed: The User's Guide: A 21st Century Handbook for Enjoying Marijuana, on Monday, April 4, at 7 p.m. at the Tattered Cover LoDo. Described as a "hugely informative, completely hilarious, and desperately necessary guide to marijuana" by author and media personality Dan Savage, the book will be available for purchase for $18.95.
From 6 to 8 p.m. on Wednesday, April 6, Councilman Albus Brooks will host a District 9 marijuana town hall at Bruce Randolph School, 3955 Steele Street. Panelists include at-large council rep Robin Kniech; Ashley Kolroy, executive director of marijuana policy for the city; and Stacie Louks, executive director of the Denver Department of Excise and Licenses.
The Holistic Cannabis Summit — a free webinar on the medical effects of marijuana — will be held through Thursday, April 7. Starting at 9 a.m. each day, experts, patients and advocates from the marijuana community will present research and opinions while answering questions. Registration is free and includes access to fifteen published reports and guides on cannabis use.
Women Grow will host a networking event on Thursday, April 7, from 6:30 to 9 p.m. at the Highland City Club in Boulder. Attendees will meet other entrepreneurs in the cannabis industry while enjoying refreshments and a keynote address from Women Grow's Jane West. Early-bird tickets are $25.
This month's edition of the IMPACT Network's cannabis discussions will take place on Saturday, April 9, from 12:30 to 4 p.m. at Center Mass Media (853 Santa Fe Drive) and will focus on cannabinoid deficiency diseases. There will be a panel of experts available for a panel discussion and Q&A sessions. All ages are welcome, and tickets are $22.
Colorado edibles company Wana Brands will host its first Wana Gathering — an event that "supports and showcases local Colorado art and music, celebrates all sorts of passions that enhance life, and raises money for community organizations," on Sunday, April 10, from 2 to 10 p.m. at the Larimer Lounge. On top of merchandise giveaways throughout the day, the party will include live music and DJs, barbecue, and a raffle to win glass pieces from Buddha's & Goudha's, with proceeds benefiting medical research.
Know of an event that should be in the Cannabis Calendar? Send it to email@example.com.
Related Locations
1628 16th St.
Denver, CO 80202
885 Arapahoe Ave.
Boulder, CO 80302
2721 Larimer St.
Denver, CO 80205
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Bill Hunt is the expert when it comes to enterprise search engine marketing for multinational companies. His book Search Engine Marketing, Inc. is a must read for anyone in the search marketing field.
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text:
3.5mm Male to Male Audio Connection Cable
If you think the price is too high, please click to apply for lower price
|Compatible Models
|3.5mm Jack
|3.5mm Male / Male
|The 3.5mm male to male audio connection cable is useful to connect the audio device as they are in long place. It is with high quality so it will not lose sound quality. It also works great as an extension for stereo headphones, speakers, microphones.
|Cable Length
|100 cm
|Packing List
|1 x Audio cable
All packages from DX.com are sent without DX logo or any information indicating DX.com. Due to package variations from suppliers, the product packaging customers receive may be different from the images displayed.
To enable volume discounts on this site, use coupon code: BULKRATE during checkout. You will see a discount applied at the bottom of the shopping cart. Competitive pricing is available. Contact us for details.
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What is Bulk Rate? BulkRate is a semi-wholesale system with items priced separately from retail. When you use bulk rates, a flat $1.70 registered air mail fee will automatically be added to your cart to ensure delivery of package. While BulkRate's intention is to offer cheaper prices when you buy in bulk, because it is priced separately it on occassions show a higher than retail price. That's why we ask you to enter BULKRATE as a coupon code to manually activate the rates. You can always opt not to use the bulk rates. If you are looking for wholesale prices please feel free to contact us.
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text: American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research http://www.sciepub.com/journal/AJCDR American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies in all areas of Cardiovascular Disease. The aim of the journal is to provide researchers and practitioners a platform to share cutting-edge development in the field of Cardiovascular Disease. Science and Education Publishing en 2013 Science and Education Publishing Co. Ltd All rights reserved. American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research 4 2 January 2016 2013 Science and Education Publishing Co. Ltd All rights reserved. Superior Mesenteric Artery Thrombosis and Partial Dissection Managed Medically http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcdr/4/2/1 Muhammad Azharuddin, Ananta Subedi, Shil Patel, Sweta Chandra 2016-9-1 Science and Education Publishing 2016-9-1 2 4 15 17 10.12691/ajcdr-4-2-1 Acute Inferior Wall ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction with Normal Coronary Arteries http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcdr/4/2/2 Braghadheeswar Thyagarajan, Muhammad Azharuddin, Rikka Banayat 2016-9-8 Science and Education Publishing 2016-9-8 2 4 18 20 10.12691/ajcdr-4-2-2 Amyloid Cardiomyopathy in African Americans and the Transthyretin Linkage Associated with Macroglossia: A Rare Presentation http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcdr/4/2/3 Roberto Ramirez, Glenmore Lasam, Gina LaCapra 2016-9-22 Science and Education Publishing 2016-9-22 2 4 21 24 10.12691/ajcdr-4-2-3


text:
© Julia Kneuse
The professors and senior scholars at the GIGA and its partner universities and institutes have extensive experience supervising and mentoring doctoral students. Their participation in the selection process, the monthly colloquium, and on the doctoral board ensures the high quality of the GIGA Doctoral Programme.
The student body is composed of talented young researchers from all over the world and from different disciplinary backgrounds. Fellows are full-time doctoral students, whereas associates work on third party-funded projects at the GIGA while simultaneously pursuing their doctoral degrees. The GIGA takes pride in conducting research within the regions and with experts from the regions. To promote cooperation and exchange amongst doctoral students, we offer a programme for visiting doctoral researchers for a period of two to twelve months. All GIGA doctoral students are eligible to participate in the yearly general assembly of the doctoral student body, where they elect two to three representatives. The student representatives liaise with the academic staff of the GIGA Doctoral Programme and other GIGA committees. The academic staff – consisting of the academic director, the coordinator, and student assistant – is responsible for administering and developing the programme as well as supporting doctoral students in successfully accomplishing their research projects and developing career perspectives in academia.


text:
Effective control requires leadership beside consistent personal characteristics to pb organizationsability. Reported to Golf player el al, everywhere from 48% to 82% of the divergence in activity outgrowth rankingsability was due to identity (p. 498). Society who have personalities thatability contest the big-fiveability opinion of yourself characteristics of "surgency, agreeableness, conscientiousness, electric stability, and intellect" (Hogan et al) are more glorious as leaders than those who do not. These individualsability have the will and itch to watch for positions of influence, are able to activity effectively next to people, are smart adequate to see and infer tangled issues facing organizations, and have the heated stamina and firmness to kind the sacrificesability needful to be an significant ruler and supply a be aware of of steadiness and seriousness to teams and organizationsability.
While heaps skills may be taught, these rough character characteristics are imagined gained during a time period of suffer protrusive in the precipitate time of life of an individual's advancement. These experiencesability are gained through with experiencesability in the home, archeozoic education, squad sports, primal opportunitiesability to head groups, teams etc. By the juncture thatability an idiosyncratic enters the occupation force, and is promoted to a management position, these simple self-image traits are all right engrainedability into the individual's psychological makeup. While the attributesability of a super head can be explained, and cognisance can be enlarged about these traits, it would be infeasible to train someone or come together these intrinsic worth if their self-worth blusher is not already in favour of these intrinsic worth. As Golfer et al incontestible in a mixture of studies grounding programs produced inconsequential behavioral devolution (p.499) in leaders undersupplied these qualities
In conclusion, most influential leadership are susceptible proto in being to experiencesability thatability fall into place unshakable self-esteem traits thatability dispose them to change state potent leadership. Tho' by a long chalk finances is played out all twelvemonth in regulation development, there is no testimony thatability you can start off a editorial column from causal agency who does not have the susceptible self-worth.Post ads:
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text:
openSUSE Conference 2010 Announced
"Collaborate Across Borders" in Germany, to be specific.
The openSUSE Conference 2010 has been announced for October 20-23 in Nuremberg, Germany.
During the four-day conference, more than 70 speakers and work shops will take place covering topics in free and open software, administration, and software development all centered around the theme "Collaboration Across Boarders."
The conference takes place in the Berufsförderungswerk Nuremberg and admission is free. The openSUSE Conference 2010 will give time to several projects including OpenOffice.org, GNOME, KDE, and even mobile operating systems Android and MeeGo.
Topics for sysadmins include IT infrastructure discussions focused on the LAX Framework as well as tutorials for openVPN setup and secure data deletion within Linux.
To register for the openSUSE Conference 2010, visit http://conference.opensuse.org.
Issue 201/2017
Buy this issue as a PDF
Kolab Now Integrates Collabora Online
Kolab Now subscribers now have access to Collabora Online.
Endless OS, a Distribution Without Internet
A new version of Endless OS has been released.
GitHub Announces Open Source Friday Program
They encourage people to take time out and work on open source projects on Friday.
System76 Announces Their Own Distro, Pop!_OS
Pop!_OS is based on Ubuntu and uses the Gnome stack.
Linus Torvalds Talks About His Motivation
He never tires of working on the Linux kernel.
Debian 9 Stretches Its Wings
The new release of Debian has a very strong focus on security.
Trojan Turns Raspberry Pi into a Cryptocurrency Mining Device
Two trojans in the wild are targeting Linux machines.
Fedora 26 Beta Comes with New Features
The workstation comes with the latest Gnome desktop environment and support for many application build systems.
Raspberry Pi Foundation Merges with CoderDojo Foundation
The two foundations join forces to expand their efforts to reach young people.
Samba Security Hole Patched but Risk is Bigger
Millions of devices that use Samba Server are vulnerable to attacks.


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Wise at Wikia
Welcome to the Wise mini wiki at Scratchpad!
You can use the box below to create new pages for this mini-wiki. Make sure you type
[[Category:Wise]] on the page before you save it to make it part of the Wise wiki (preload can be enabled to automate this task, by clicking this link and saving that page. Afterwards, you may need to purge this page, if you still see this message).
new slavery
Source: The Observer, 5 December 2004 "200 years on, the Queen is told to say sorry for Britain's role in slave trade" by David Smith
Summary: Issues coming up around the bicentenary of the abolition of slave trade; 10-28 M Africans sent to the Americas between 1450 and the early 19th C; Britain's dominant role in slave trade; >300,000 slaves/year; 1/10 died on transport;
DG: - 'Rendezvous of Victory' (global) = group seeking to continue the abolitionist movement to attack modern slavery and inequalities around the world - called for an official apology by the Queen - construction of a new African sense of identity - reforms (education, economic, cultural) - acknowledgement of Black anti-slavery campaigners
AR: - The Home Office has given £ 400,000 to projects/commemorations HO minister Fiona MacTaggart: "We must learn the lessons of the past" - MP (Liverpool) Louise Ellman: plans for a £10 M museum dedicated to British slave trade; pushing for an annual memorial day


text:
By Scott Bowles, USA TODAY
We're not going to reveal any spoilers about The Dark Knight.
But we will say this about Batman: He slays Meryl Streep.
Or at least her film, the ABBA-inspired musical Mamma Mia!, which has the unfortunate task of squaring off against the Caped Crusader this weekend.
The romantic comedy was to be an alternative for women who weren't into men flying around in rubber bat suits, and Universal Pictures still believes the picture can survive the superhero frenzy.
But since Knight star Heath Ledger died of an accidental overdose in January, that has gotten a lot tougher. His death helped move the film from a niche blockbuster to a must-see.
"It's gone beyond a comic-book movie," says Paul Dergarabedian of box office tracking firm Media By Numbers. "Now teen girls want to see it. Now it's Heath's last movie. Now it's a farewell."
And early ticket sales indicate it will be a long goodbye. Knight has eaten up 89% of Fandango.com's ticket sales this week, and the film will enjoy 1,700 screenings Thursday night, one of the largest midnight screenings on record. Mamma Mia!, which will have 300 midnight screenings, has claimed 3% of Fandango's sales.
Many analysts predict Knight could pass $100 million on its opening weekend. And with sterling reviews, "there's no telling how long it could run," says Steve Mason of box office site FantasyMoguls.com.
That doesn't mean Streep can't carve out a winner. The romantic comedy Made of Honor found itself facing an unexpected juggernaut May 2 against Iron Man. Iron Man opened with $98 million and crossed $300 million earlier this month. The $40 million Honor managed $46 million in the USA and Canada alone.
Mamma Mia!, though, has a longer road to recoup its $65 million budget. "I don't care what movie you've got," Mason says. "I wouldn't want to be facing Dark Knight."
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.


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Mr Banks, appointed to the board in July, acquired 1500 Macquarie shares worth about $80,430, according to a director's interest notice lodged with the Australian Securities Exchange on Wednesday. He did not hold any Macquarie stock prior to the trade.
Mr Hawker purchased an additional 2000 shares in Macquarie, held by entities Dayera Investments and ATF Hawker Family Super Fund. The parcel was worth about $108,580.
Macquarie shares have rallied 50 per cent this year. Earlier this month, Macquarie posted a first-half profit of $501 million, suggesting the company is on track to report its best full-year earnings since the global financial crisis.
In August, Mr Hawker received overwhelming support for his re-election, shrugging off calls by the Australian Shareholders Association for investors to vote against his appointment.
The Australian Financial Review


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Etiquette, one aspect of decorum, is a code that governs the expectations of social behavior, according to the conventionalnorm within a society, social class, or group. Usually unwritten, it may be codified in written form.
Modern etiquette instructs people to greet friends and acquaintances with warmth and respect, refrain from insults and prying curiosity, offer hospitality equally and generously to guests, wear clothing suited to the occasion, contribute to conversations without dominating them, offer assistance to those in need, eat neatly and quietly, avoid disturbing others with unnecessary noise, follow the established rules of an organization upon becoming a member, arrive promptly when expected, comfort the bereaved, and respond to invitations promptly. (Wikipedia).
Well, well. In ideal world, people should have known general etiquette by themselves. Cross culture, ethnic background and religion, I believe everybody holds the same basic, principal social rules, one example is by saying thank you. When others do us a favor, no matter how big or small it is, we should thank them. Sometimes this small gesture (but has a big impact) is neglected, especially in today's world where everybody tends to be more individual, rude, and in rush. Sometimes people think it is normal to get help from others, and don't realize that others actually must sacrifice time (maybe more) to do them a favor. It doesn't matter whether it's big or small, when we get helped, we should say thank you, should we? I mean, if you say thank you to a waiter who brings your meal to the table, shouldn't it be obvious to say thank you to the people whose house you stay in? This gesture can be translated from by verbally say thank you, send thank you card (I usually do this), or send thank you card with a thank you gift (very Martha Stewart, if you do this, people will love you!).
Second simple gesture is by saying sorry. If we have an appointment and turn up late, instead of making excuse that there was an elephant on the middle of Sudirman that stopped the traffic, why not simply apologize for being late. Of course the boundary of tolerance is different from one person to another. I once watched my friend must wait for another friend being late for 3 hours and she's just cool. While if I'm late for hair appointment with my hairstylist in Umode, I keep updating them my whereabouts and make sure that I wouldn't be later than 30 minutes. I usually do that when meeting with the girls, sending texts like 'ok, in asia afrika now, very macet, will be in plaza senayan in 15 minutes', and then update them again 'already at traffic light', then 'already at security checkpoint, now about to find parking spot'. I'm sure the girls were bored with me sending them updates like that, but actually it shows how guilty I was for being late (see my story in 'Oh Indonesia, Oh Valet', how nervous I was, knowing Tamara had been waiting for me for 20 minutes). Others though, have no shame telling people that they are 'on their way to the meeting point' while actually they're not.
Back to etiquette. I just realize that in one way, I really look into people's character by their etiquette. For example, once I was pissed off because my boyfriend got invited to a wedding and the bride&groom forgot that he actually had a steady partner (worse, they actually know me too, even came to our barbeque parties several times! Read my story in Overdue Wejaculation, June 2006). It doesn't matter when my boyfriend tried hard to explain that when he's invited, I got invited too. To me, the invite showed that they were ignorant, or just simply lazy. That's why I really appreciated when Grace and Melly got married (not to each other!), they took an effort to ask Stuart's full name and make sure that his name was printed correctly on the invitation. Or Jenny, she always brought souvenirs when visiting me and staying with me for several days. Simple gesture, big impact!
Oh well, it's past midnight here, which means it's already 6AM in Indonesia and my bodyclock is still not correctly working.
Off to beddy!
Oh, thank you for reading my gibberish and sorry I've just wasted your time reading a very not-important stuff………


text:
Yesterday my son came down in one of his more glittery, fabulous shirts—a shirt purchased in the girls' section of the Gap. I didn't think anything of it. My son has a number of clothing items that are meant for girls, and this shirt, with a big, shiny, spangly musical note on the chest, is [Read More…]
Is It Harder for Boys than Girls to Be Who They Really Are?
January 22, 2013 by Leave a Comment
As I have written before in contemplating my son's nontraditional choices of toys and clothing, the double standard at work in how we respond to children who don't conform to gender stereotypes is rooted in a culture that values men and male stereotypes (physical strength, earning power, toughness) over women and female stereotypes (emotion, empathy, [Read More…]


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The movie night selection becomes controversial. Aleida makes an adjustment. Piper worries the prison punishments are getting medieval.
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Alright Brand players: Jungle Brand
I've been thinking this over for a while, and here was what I was thinking. Start with W, as usual, and get a hard leash on blue, perhaps always two people. Here I'm at a loss whether to get the Q to stun the big minion or the E to deal AoE Damage.
I see this as being viable for the following reasons
- High AoE damage
-% max health damage passive (max 80/second = 320 total damage, NICE)
-Single target stun for the new, high damae, high health, main monster
Ideas? Comments? Criticisms? Opinions? Give zem to me!


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Functionality / design requirements
Create an API
Create an API to allow developers to search and access resources. The Sunlight Foundation helps government agencies open up their data and create APIs so developers can use the data in applications. They could be a great partner in your work.
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Man, there was a time when FoxNews was on all the time in my house. But the slow degradation into pablum culminated on election night 2012 when Megyn Kelly was giggling like a school girl..
I noticed that! Is it true that she was drunk that night?
You said it, karatemom. If not for the excellent "Special Report with Bret Baier" and Greta's show - which - in my opinion has risen to the top of the FNC primetime lineup - I'm not sure we'd watch much of FNC at all anymore.
Tired of O'Bloviator's pre-taped "Me Me Me" shows. Tired of Hannity's shouting-match shows (although he does sometimes have excellent guests, and at least he always used to do his shows live, except for Fridays).
I was watching the Red Sox / TB Rays playoff game on TBS earlier tonight... Missed most of Megyn's show. I did notice she started off with Ted Cruz, assuming that would pull in the usual FNC audience. Extremely disappointing Megyn really is the lefty I always thought she was.
Checked Kelly's show again during commercials - she brought out all her lawyer friends to discuss - ad nauseum - the biker/SUV incident. You've GOT to be kidding.
Then I quickly checked Hannity's new 10pm show during commercials, and noticed he's fully on-board taking the lazy way out - using a pre-taped "studio audience" shouting-match show yet again. So this is Hannity's "new" show, where he gets to leave work early now to spend more time at home. No more live shows apparently.
Of course I forgot to watch Greta at 7pm, as I was watching baseball. Forgot to DVR her show. And of course her show doesn't repeat at 1 AM ET anymore, have to wait for 2 AM (no thank you).
What a colossal disappointment Roger Ailes is. He let Megyn PrettyFace totally screw up what was once a stellar, highly-rated mostly conservative line-up of interesting and entertaining political shows. PrettyFace gets the prime 9pm slot, even though Hannity has been the #2 rated show behind O'Reilly for a decade or so.
If Ailes pulls the plug on "Special Report with Bret Baier" and "On the Record with Greta Van Sustern", hubby and I will say good-bye to FNC. And we've been pretty loyal viewers since Day One. (Well, Day One for our cable system was December 2001).
Please... send out your Tweets and e-mails to FNC! I think our complaints resulted in the demise of Shemp Smith at 7pm. Perhaps we can do the same with Megyn PrettyFace and the new FNC primetime lineup...


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I am running version Version 5.0.62863
I have run my first scans and I have speed set to slow and I have incremental disabled.
I still get this error message. See attached.
The reason I think my scans have completed is that all my devices are present and I see all their configuration information and software information.
Any thoughts on how to diagnose?
This topic was created during version 5.0.
The latest version is 7.5.00101.
11 Replies
Apr 12, 2011 at 1:58 UTC
Keep IT Simple Technology Group is an IT service provider.
Whats the HC interval?
Looks to me as if HC was trying to run while full network scan was already running.
Apr 12, 2011 at 3:34 UTC
Whats the HC interval?
(I guess) 15 mins ;-)
Apr 12, 2011 at 4:26 UTC
Keep IT Simple Technology Group is an IT service provider.
Whats the HC interval?
(I guess) 15 mins ;-)
(I guess) U R right, on the other hand - I try not to guess other systems settings.... so the question remains :)
Apr 12, 2011 at 8:58 UTC
My main system is set to scan network every 5 minutes. My remote collector is set to scan network every 15 minutes.
My device scans are set to run every hour.
See attached for more info.
Apr 12, 2011 at 9:11 UTC
Keep IT Simple Technology Group is an IT service provider.
Why are you scanning the entire network every 5 minutes?
Anyway - That would explain why your HC never runs. It can't find an open time slot for it.
Apr 12, 2011 at 9:23 UTC
Maybe I don't understand what HC does.
What does it do?
Regardless, if you look at the last screen shot you can see that there is nothing else goign on at the time the HC runs. It starts and then reports back the error after about 1 minute.
Apr 13, 2011 at 8:30 UTC
I completely uninstalled Spiceworks and reinstalled it. Ran all my scans manually to ensure success (they succeeded).
However I am still getting the same issue with the HC. It is set to run every 5 minutes. There is nothing else running and it gives the same error. My most frequent device scans are runnign every 4 hours so there is no conflicts or contention for resources.
See attached results and settings.
Any suggestions?
Apr 13, 2011 at 8:37 UTC
Keep IT Simple Technology Group is an IT service provider.
See if this helps.
Apr 13, 2011 at 8:50 UTC
Yep, I suggest to follow at least #1 - #3 of this how-to:
Troubleshooting Spiceworks Inventory Inconsistencies - Spiceworks ...
Apr 13, 2011 at 8:57 UTC
I ran all the initial scans in SLOW to make sure there were no problems. All the scans continue to run fine. Quickly as well.
It is only the HC that has a problem giving the "no device ready for network health check" message.
The only thing potentially suspicious was in the finder_child.log. see attached. However, all my inventory information appears correct and there are no scan errors reported.
Apr 13, 2011 at 9:24 UTC
Follow this:
If this doesn`t help, I suggest to contact firstname.lastname@example.com for this (How Do I Send Spiceworks My Log Files). I think you have a problem with your db then.
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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Have Your Say
Submit a Review
Have you been to The Ridges in Walmer?
Let us know what you thought of the venue and how you enjoyed your visit to Port Elizabeth.
Reviews & Comments
Showing 11 reviews (ordered by date of stay, most recent appearing first)
February 2016
The Ridges became my oasis during my stay in South Africa. I couldn't wait to jump into the deliciously comfortable bed each evening and enjoyed starting the day by relaxing in my very own courtyard! Joy and Duff were the loveliest of hosts and I always felt very cared for. Thank you so much for welcoming me and I look forward to returning next time with my family.
February 2015
Thank you for your kind hospitality and accommodating our rather peculiar needs in trying to pack up a house and go on an overseas assignment.
Your warmth and hospitality were wonderful and the accommodation was very comfortable indeed. So nice to have a little feather pillow :-)
We would certainly return!
August 2012
Thank you for the superb accomodation you prepared for us in August 2012.
The room and bathroom were very well-appointed and the facilities were much appreciated.
We travel often and both agreed that the bed in the room was the best we have slept on in a long time. No need to fluff pillows or make ourselves comfortable- we just slept like babies!
February 2011
Our family has stayed at The Ridges on 3 occasions and each time Joy and Duff Rennie have made us feel totally at home; it is as if we are staying with friends.
The accommodation is clean and comfortable and we love the location in Walmer.
Geraldine and Mike Veary
February 2011
We come often to Port Elizabeth and love to stay in the cottage. It is very clean, quiet, safe, and comfortable and Duff and Joy make one feel at home with their great hospitality.
February 2011
We arrived in the dark and rain, later than planned on a Sunday night, and were so warmly welcomed by Joy and Duff it made up for the long journey we had, especially welcome was the glass of wine which we needed! A lovely venue which we will most certainly use again if we are ever in or near Port Elizabeth.
December 2010
I absolutely love the place! It's spacious. Beautifull bathroom. Sitting area and braai facility which is private. The owners are the nicest couple, helpfull in any way necessary. Lovely garden. Quite surroundings. Near to the airport, and shopping centres. We have been booking at The Ridges almost every second month. I would recommend it to anyone!
December 2010
This is a very nice cottage in a beautiful setting. Nice and quiet. Feels like home from home. Highly recommended.
July 2010
Thank you for the wonderful stay. Great breakfast, comfortable accommodation and wonderful hospitality.
June 2010
Dear Duff and Joy
We had a most emjoyble stay at your place. Your friendliness and the excellent accomodation made our stay a real unforgettable one. We will always think back with fond memories and can recommend it to everyone with a honest heart.
Greetings from Oranjemund in the southwest of Namibia.
March 2010
We had a wonderful stay. The cottage was well furbished, and very quiet and peaceful. Management made us feel very welcome. Garden is lovely. Close enough to the beach areas which we had wanted to visit. Will definitely go back.
Showing 11 reviews
Quick Facts
GPS location
Latitude: -33.97762999933333
Longitude: 25.588775999666666
Closest airport(s)
Port Elizabeth Airport - 4km
Children policy
Children of all ages are welcome.
Listed on SA-Venues.com
August 2009 - 11 Reviews


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I have one user who periodically can only see one folder in one folder on one network share. There are probably hundreds of folders there, but she can only see one. She has no trouble accessing that one.
11 Replies
Apr 3, 2012 at 9:37 UTC
If I try to type the path in windows explorer, it says that windows can't find the folder.
The laptop is W7. The server is 2008.
Apr 3, 2012 at 9:45 UTC
Make sure the WIN7 device is a domain member.
Apr 3, 2012 at 9:49 UTC
W7 device is a member of the domain. File & Printer Sharing is enabled.
Checking the security settings on one folder she can see vs. one she can't and they are the same.
If she was in the office today, I'd remove her from the domain and rejoin, but she's working from home because we got like an inch of snow.
It's happened before when she's been in the office, but after a few minutes of fiddling with it, the problem seems to correct itself.
Apr 3, 2012 at 9:52 UTC
When I look at the effective permissions for this user on a folder she can't see, she has everything she needs.
Apr 3, 2012 at 9:54 UTC
When I drill down through the folders, it will only show one folder and no files.
Apr 3, 2012 at 9:58 UTC
Specifically added this user to the security for the folder she needs and all sub folders and still can't see anything.
Apr 3, 2012 at 10:08 UTC
We have two network shares for files. They're on the same server. When I look on my computer each share shows 2.72 TB total size and 1.85 TB free.
When I look on the problem computer, the problem share shows 103 GB free of 148 GB total.
Apr 3, 2012 at 10:12 UTC
I think I figured it out, but not sure how to fix it. The network share which she can't access says that it is offline. I think she may have cached this one set of folders for offline use.
The other network share is online.
Apr 3, 2012 at 10:31 UTC
I ran the M$ fixit here: http:/
and it seemed to fix it.
May 18, 2015 at 5:08 UTC
I recently had a similar problem. what worked for me is that i just restore default all the folder option.
That work
May 25, 2017 at 5:52 UTC
1st Post
this really helpful for me


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L'Aventure Estate Cuvee 2008
Other Red Blends from Central Coast, California
Winemaker's Notes
Purple/ black, with like aromas of cedar box, wild blackberries, black cherry, and fresh, raw, beef. Anise and cola flavors ride the big attack, resolving themselves in tight flavors of blueberries and acacia in the enormous middle palate, finishing long with orange rind, spice and everything.
50% Syrah, 36% Cabernet Sauvignon, 14% Petit Verdot
Critical Acclaim
The Wine Advocate - "The finest 2008 I tasted is the 2008 Estate Cuvee, a blend of 50% Syrah, 36% Cabernet Sauvignon, and 14% Petit Verdot. Mocha, fudge, blackberry, graphite, cassis, and smoky barbecue scents jump from the glass of this dense purple-colored 2008. Full-bodied, rich, textured, and layered, this terrific effort is surprisingly soft and accessible. Drink it over the next decade. "
International Wine Cellar - "Inky purple. Cassis, blueberry and smoky Indian spices on the expansive, heady nose, with a sexy floral quality that gains strength with air. Deep, sappy and palate-coating dark fruit compote flavors show unlikely energy and become spicier with air. Strikingly expressive, potent and compellingly fragrant wine that finishes with remarkable clarity and sweet persistence. This was raised in 100% new French oak, but I'd never have guessed it."
James Suckling - "This is rich and very long with a solid core of fruit that starts off sort of linear but opens and gives it all. Full and velvety textured with ripe tannins and violet, berry, and spice with hints flowers. Long and racy. Classy. 40% Grenache, 40% Syrah and 20% Mourvedre. Why wait? "
- View All
L'Aventure Winery
L'Aventure was founded in 1998 by a French winemaker, Stephan Asseo. After Stephan graduated enology school in Burgundy, the Asseo family bought their first estate, Domaine de Courteillac, in the Bordeaux area in 1982. Later, the family purchased additional properties: Château Robin and Château Fleur-Cardinale in Saint-Emilion. Stephan raised these properties to a level of great quality, while managing some other well-established domaines such as Château Guillot-Clauzel in Pomerol and Château Corbin in St Emilion.
Stephan saw in the New World a unique opportunity to expand his experience, while gaining more freedom in viticulture and vinification. He began by looking all over California for land, including Napa/Sonoma and Santa Barbara counties, but it was the terroir and climate of Paso Robles that impressed him the most. View all L'Aventure Wines
About Central CoastView a map of Central Coast wineries
The largest of California's wine growing regions, the Central Coast produces the majority of California's wine. The district sprawls out, covering most of the vineyard land between San Francisco and Santa Barbara. Smaller sub-AVAs of the Central Coast include Monterey Bay, Paso Robles, Santa Ynez Valley, Santa Maria Valley, Santa Cruz Mountains and many others.
Notable FactsGrape varieties range from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay to Cabernet Sauvignon and Zinfandel. Some Central Coast wine is generic, bulk wine that contributes to the high production numbers of the area. But many winemakers and wineries, particular in some of the smaller AVAs, are small production artisans, creating unique and high-quality wine. The great thing about the Central Coast is its diversity - you're able to find a number of grape varieties and styles at a number of different price points.
About CaliforniaIt's not rare to see a wine's country of origin listed as "California." A country unto itself in the wine world, California makes enough varieties and styles to match many European wine countries. It produces a diverse range of wines that span the quality spectrum.
The most famous of the California wine regions is Napa Valley, and these wines are certainly outstanding – but it's not as broad and diverse as its larger neighbor, Sonoma County. Down south, Santa Barbara's Santa Maria Valley is well-known for its Rhône blends, as well as cool-climate varieties like Pinot and Chardonnay. The Central Coast, the largest California AVA, has many different microclimates that lead to a wide range of wines with many sub-AVAs.
Customer ReviewsSign In to Add Your Review33.2 out of 5 stars
5 ratings, 1 with reviewAnonymous - New York, NY16/21/2017Towelie - New York, NY111/28/2016flosseye - Harrisburg, PA43/28/2014Very nice, well rounded, easy to drink. I'm interested in getting more....jeff b - Southampton, PA59/22/2012beach - Manhattan Beach, CA19/15/2012Withee69 - Winter Springs, FL16/25/2012


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Doing anything with your sweetheart for Vday?
What plans do you have with your husband/significant other for valentines day? Anything? I think my husband and I will just go out to dinner and exchange cards we don't really make too big of deal out of it.
I think the longer you are in a relationship the less extravagant the day becomes. We use to go out and he'd get me jewelry. Now we laze around the house and watch movies and cuddle. But honestly I'd rather it be that since we work opposite schedules and don't really spend that much time together anymore.
Aww, that's what we do too!
that's a great tradition!
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About Leah Carlson
Born: Troy, Ohio
Current: Troy, Ohio
Birth: December 10
On Moms.com since: Nov 8, 2013
I am Leah, a 26 year old first time mom. My daughter Holly was born March 9,2013. I am primarily a stay at home mom but also work part time as a Figure Skating Coach. My husband and I are enjoying life as new parents. SITE HOSTESS


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i beleive
i am sure this site is surly going to be mine great outlet as i am hell alone.handling my baby and trying hard to stand up again just the sake of her. belong to very strict culture. cant dream of living life of fun .rather living the life of responsibility..tired but gathering energy at the same time..
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yeah ..its been just few hours i joined this and am getting so much attention already
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Birth: July 30
On Moms.com since: Dec 22, 2013
i am a single mother ful of energy and determination,ready to give my little angel every happiness of the world


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2003 Cadillac Escalade EXT - Consumer Review
Build Quality
Reliability Value
Build Quality
Reliability Value
Bad Boy Toy
By abadboy on
Vehicle2003 Cadillac Escalade EXT 4dr Crew Cab AWD (6.0L 8cyl 4A)
ReviewINCREDIBLE! The room, the power, mine
is s'charged with almost 600 hp. The
look, black with 24" ASA wheels from
the Tire Rack(a must have). Everyone
wants a ride or there picture with it.
Like being a rock star. Don't
buy one if you don't want the
attention. No one can get enough of
this BAD BOY! Never considered a
Cadillac before. Everyone said
Cadillacs are old guys cars, now
everyone looks to me for a ride. The
ultimate in excess, over the top in
your face truck! This BAD BOY ROCKS!
Made a trip to Vegas the first weekend
I had it, couldn't beleive the looks we
got, or how everyone moved to the right
to let this BAD BOY go past. INCREDIBLE!
Best FeaturesThe front end, just look at it. Kenne Bell supercharger, 24" ASA wheels really fill up the wheel-wells. The seats are great. The utility, my Fat Boy fits inside the bed perfectly. I can get all my racing gear in the bed, carry 4 other friends, and still tow the race car.
Worst FeaturesA better radio, nav system. The rear window should be power retractable. A reverse camera would be nice too. But you really need to spend time in one really get it...
Recommend (0) (0)
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However, a new coach offers a new slate. (Stan) Van Gundy said he traveled to Atlanta last week to have lunch with (Josh) Smith.
"I thought it was a great conversation. Josh is a smart guy. He knows what it takes to win in this league," Van Gundy said. "He's capable of doing all those things. We talked about a lot of things in terms of his game, what he thinks his strengths are, where I see it going and the whole thing, and I came away very encouraged that Josh is enthusiastic about the year and excited to get going."
Van Gundy realizes Smith is potentially the best two-way player on the roster. And if he isn't moved in the off-season, he will seek to use those talents.
via Pistons' Stan Van Gundy: Unfair to pick Josh Smith as scapegoat for losing | Detroit Free Press | freep.com.
Make sure to follow Basketball Insiders on Twitter at @BBallInsiders.


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Monday, October 11, 2010
Welcome to the Phlegm Factory
I'm having an absolutely miserable time with allergies, despite taking multiple OTC medications. I'm wondering if I should give in and go to see an allergist, although they've never been terribly helpful to me before. Aaaargh! The weather's changing, so I hope that will help. This not-being-able-to-breathe thing is really annoying.
This weekend's hospital shift was unusually stressful, with two especially poignant psych cases. One was very grateful for my company; the other warmed up after initial hostility, but everything I tried to do to help only made the patient feel worse, which landed us back in hostility again. I'm well aware that this was a function of the patient's illness, not my efforts, but it's heartbreaking to see someone whose misery and terror are so well defended and deeply entrenched that any attempt to alleviate them just intensifies them instead. Most painful of all, the patient was in the ER for non-psych issues, and was being released; we had no way to address or treat the psych symptoms, although everyone but the patient was aware of them.
Awful. The situation was as literal a depiction of hell as I've ever seen, a darkness no light could penetrate, because all our puny flashlight beams were deflected by neurochemical forcefields. I'm not sure even God could get through that barrier, although I'll keep praying for a miracle.
All I managed to do, after much effort, was to give the patient a soda. "I can only drink X or Y," the patient told me fretfully, and neither X nor Y were available in our small fridge with its tiny cans of soda-for-patients. So I grabbed a few bucks from my purse and bought a bottle of the Right Soda from the cafeteria. I've never done that before, and of course the patient expressed no gratitude -- I didn't expect any -- but the gesture left me feeling a tiny bit less shredded. Maybe I was being manipulated (although the patient didn't know about my $1.35 expenditure), but so what? If the only thing you can do is give someone a soda, that's what you do, and hope that it produces even a molecule of pleasure in the moment.
In other cheery news, today's the six-month anniversary of my mother's death.
On the bright side, we went to a lovely dinner party this weekend.
Okay, gotta blow my nose again and get some more grading done. Happy Monday, everyone.
Posted by Susan Palwick at 10:33 AM
Labels: chaplaincy, family, hospital, loss, personal health, rickety contrivances
6 comments:
my daughter gets a remedy from the homeopathic store I believe it is a Dr Reckowitz (spelling) I'm afraid I spelled it like it sounds. At any rate, it really works for her.ReplyDelete
Happy Thanksgiving
- Anonymous4:56 AM
Dear Susan,ReplyDelete
The allergies sound awful - I hope you're feeling at least a bit better today.
I think it is great that you work with all the patients in the ER, not just the easy ones. I'm sorry this latest one was so hard.
I hope life gets easier for you - and for this particular patient too. God is bigger than we are - I have hope that somehow there can and will be light even in the deep darkness that you wrote about this week-end.
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High Tide: From More Alleged Tabloid Bribes To A Gadhafi-Chavez Oil Deal
As police investigate the News of the World tabloid for allegedly bribing police officers for information, a libel case involving another London tabloid suggests that the practice may not have been unusual. Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi sent emissaries to Caracas over the weekend to ask president Hugo Chávez to help his regime sell crude oil through Venezuela in international markets. Vanuatu has acceded to the United Nations Convention against Corruption, becoming only the fourth Pacific country to embrace the international treaty.