text: MTN and Ericsson bring managed rural coverage to Benin15 Oct 2015 04:29 PM Satellite transmission and solar energy will be used to minimise costs and emissions while improving the financial viability of rural and low population penetration areasEricsson has signed its first managed rural coverage deal with MTN, bringing mobile coverage as a service to parts of central and northern Benin in West Africa where there was none previously.The company said managed rural coverage is a cost-competitive solution which enables operators to provide mobile coverage for a set period according to service level agreements and defined key performance indicators. In this case, Ericsson and MTN Benin have signed an agreement for five years.Despite the rapid growth in mobile communications, commercially viable business models are still lacking in many rural areas. As a result, some 2.4 billion people still do not have access to the internet.Under the terms of this contract, access will be provided via low-power consumption Ericsson radio base stations running on solar energy to avoid the high costs and emissions associated with diesel generators.Transmission will be provided via satellite to avoid the high costs and civil works associated with building a microwave backhaul network in remote villages. In this way, it was possible to create a business model to provide mobile coverage to parts of Benin where people have to survive on less than $2 dollars a day.Stephen Blewett, CEO of MTN Benin, said: "The overall mission of the MTN Group is to make our customers' lives a whole lot brighter, and that starts with the basics of providing mobile coverage. We're always interested in finding new ways of connecting people from all walks of life in Benin."What matters to Benin, matters to us, and with Ericsson's help, we are now able to provide mobile coverage in areas where it previously did not exist. This connectivity allows people in these areas to communicate with family, friends and acquaintances which they previously could not do."We are also proud to see members of these communities establishing themselves as MTN Mobile Money agents. We're keeping true to our promise of leading the way and welcoming everyone into the bold new digital world."Jean-Claude Geha, Vice President and Head of Managed Services at Ericsson, said: "Managed rural coverage is a new business model and it's great that we can now announce our first contract with the leading operator not just in Benin, but in Africa as a whole. James Atkinson EditorLinkedIn |Google + |Email Leave a CommentPlease write code to prove you're humanMore on... Critical CommunicationsFinland and Norway sign cross-border TETRA communication dealCC Europe 2017: Hytera showcasing new base station and handheld radio


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I Love Animals and Wildlife
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 47 People
Animals and nature are the greatest giftsthat we have on this planet. My top favorite animals are the wolf and the horse because I think they have such great beauty and spirit.
Alice1998 18-21, F 1 Response 0 Jun 12, 2014
Reef182 18-21, M 0 Aug 19, 2014

subset: commoncrawl


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This Forum has been archived
Forums: Admin Central Index → General Questions → Random Survey popup on a Wikia?
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For some reason i had a popup for a Survey site while on a Wikia. I clicked the stop receiving survey button which is the tab after. Jamesrulez1•Talk• My Contribs 21:52, October 23, 2011 (UTC)
- I know Wikia does use Scorecardresearch in it's analytics, though I've never gotten that survey myself, I am pretty sure that is safe. --CharitwoTalk 22:22, October 23, 2011 (UTC)
- The only reason why i posted it here was because a Admin on the Wikia told me to Jamesrulez1•Talk• My Contribs 00:33, October 24, 2011 (UTC)
- I heard some news in Donkey Kong Wiki a while back that they moved out of wikia because they were getting a bunch of wiki advertisements and getting viruses from them. —Technology Wizard ·Contribs· ~Talk~ ·E-Mail· 03:05, 10/24/2011
- I'd like to know whether Wikia is actually asking for this survey information, and how it is being used. If this is just a ploy to sell our information to advertisers, then the survey could be considered harmful. However, if Wikia is using the information to better serve the community, then it would be a good thing. --Gardimuer { ʈalk } 22:45, October 27, 2011 (UTC)


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It's been less than 2 months since Paul Walker's daughter Meadow filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Porsche and now the car company is finally responding. The makers behind the luxury vehicle are saying that Paul was "a knowledgeable and sophisticated user of the 2005 Carrera GT and he should not have allowed or participated in a high-speed ride under the conditions that existed. Check out the video to get all the details on Porsche's response to Meadow Walker's lawsuit.
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Koblenz 45-0432-0 Floor Machine Pad Driver
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"Very friendly staff, really kind and thoughtful"
About: Specialist services / Special needs dental service/Community Dental Service Specialist services Special needs dental service/Community Dental Service
Posted by Andqt4 (as ),
I thought the staff at Hucknall Dental Clinic were brilliant with my son. They talked him all through the clean, showing him things they use by doing it on his fingers first. He's only 3 and he was really good with this service. 10 out of 10.
Response from Alexandra Hobson, Senior Dental Nurse, Salaried Dental, County Health Partnerships 17 months ago
Thank you for posting your comments.
Its great to know you and your son received a brilliant service from the team at Hucknall Dental Department.
Staff work hard with patients to build confidence and put them at ease.
Your kind words will be shared with the team at Hucknall.
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The Fund for Oswego
The Fund for Oswego is our vital annual source of funding beyond tuition revenues. It supports all aspects of student life at SUNY Oswego, inside and outside the classroom and therefore supports all of our campaign priorities. Gifts to The Fund for Oswego benefit every student, every day, in the year they are given.
Loyal Laker Society
The Loyal Lakers Society recognizes SUNY Oswego's most steadfast and consistent donors. These long-term donors are the cornerstone of SUNY Oswego's success by providing the college with the confidence and resources to achieve new goals and carry out its mission of educating future leaders.
Planned Giving
SUNY Oswego provides a wealth of resources to assist individuals who are interested in learning more about gift planning. There are a range of ways to support the college that will provide guaranteed income for life or that require no funds during your lifetime.
Ways to Give
Every gift, no matter the size to The Fund for Oswego is important. The Fund for Oswego encourages participation through annual gifts from alumni, parents, faculty, staff, students and friends of the College in order to provide exceptional educational experiences for SUNY Oswego students. There are various options in which you can give!
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By making a gift you can support all the educational departments at SUNY Oswego as well as have the option to give where the most help is needed and to other specific destinations of your choice!


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O Jesus, Good Shepherd, who have come to save what was lost, you have established the priesthood of the Holy Church, so that the work of Redemption might be perpetuated. We ask you urgently: send laborers into your vineyard! Give your Holy Church worthy and holy priests. Give your Holy Church religious brothers and sisters. Grant [Read More…]
Archives for 2013
Thursday's Prayer for Priests
A Walk through the Garden
The walk this week was at the retreat center. We had a dusting of snow. The Garden Society's Christmas gathering and pot luck on Tuesday was also my retiring as their coordinator. It was a lovely gathering–more on that come Friday. These are the flowers that one of the [Read More…]
Tuesday's Prayer for Sisters and Nuns
St. Michael the Archangel, continue to guard our holy women from the lies of the devil. Let them not doubt their efforts to be the hands of Christ in a world that devalues the lessons He taught. Keep them free from anxieties and fears so they may continue to grow in the peace that only [Read More…]
Celibate Free for All
I find it fascinating that the central question to being single is focused on the genital expression of love, and lack there of—celibacy. Celibacy is neither the object nor theme of my singleness—though love is. To make a decision to be celibate implies sex is something to be surrendered, a giving up to God. I [Read More…]
Thursday's Prayer for Priests
O Almighty, Eternal God, look upon the face of your Son and for love of him, who is the Eternal High Priest, have pity on your priests. Remember, O most compassionate God, that they are but weak and frail human beings. Stir up in them the grace of their vocation which is in them by the imposition of [Read More…]
Tuesday's Prayer for Sisters and Nuns
Gentle Mother, Queen of Heaven, hear our prayers for our Sisters and Nuns. That in communion with you and all the saints, the least of their acts done in charity will rebound to the profit of all. Encourage and guide them in all that they do, and protect their souls locked in human frailness. We ask all [Read More…]
School Bans Christmas Music
This just makes me sad…the idiocy of it all. Todd Stames shares his views on a New Jersey school's decision. "The angels will not be allowed to hark their herald nor will the little Lord Jesus sleep on the hay after a New Jersey school district announced a ban on all religious Christmas music." How [Read More…]
This is for the Birds: Practical Gardening Series
Feeding the birds during the winter is an activity a lot of people delight in. Through the years, I've picked up several feeder tips on how to attend to the needs of birds and deter marauding squirrels. Here are just a few… Larger bird feeders are a convenience—you don't have to fill them as often [Read More…]
Thursday's Prayer for Priests
O my Jesus, I beg you on behalf of the whole Church, grant it love and the light of your Spirit and give power to the words of priests so that hardened hearts might be brought to repentance and return to you, O Lord. Lord, give us holy priests. You yourself maintain them in holiness. O Divine [Read More…]
A Walk through the Garden
The Lavender plant and its flower represent love and devotion. Lavender flowers are also associated with purity, silence, and caution. The leaves from a Maple tree symbolize "to be reserved." Many of our saints were filled with those qualities. What a lovely reminder of their lives, spoken in the language of flowers, as we approach the celebrations of All [Read More…]


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Association of Private Airport Operators (APAO) is an apex Industry Association of the Major Private Airports in India. It was founded in 2009 in recognition of the need for a coherent, cohesive, consistent voice for all the privatised major airports in India. APAO is a non-profit organisation registered under the Societies Act, 1860 to represent the interests of member airport operators with the prime objective of promoting the growth and development of the privatised major airports to truly world class standards.
CII's Gujarat Aviation Conclave 2017: Soaring Opportunities in Aviation
14 July 2017 | Hotel Novotel, Ahmedabad
Updated: May 2017


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Hey Guys!!! it's your #1 choice for blogs all day and everyday. What's going on?, well anyway today I was watching one of the batman movie's and I noticed something. Gotham City and Rapture have the same type of architecture.
How I noticed
I saw alot of statue's that looked like they were tooken from Rapture and put in the movie
See the City scape of the two great citie's. So you ask can they be compared?


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Well i have not written for a while, been a busy little bunny. Lets see, i have got myself a new job. Whilst it is only temporary at the moment. It is keeping me really busy. 10hr days, w00t! I'm a courier, so getting to see lots of Perth. They mainly keep me up north, so there are lots of places that i don't know, but am starting to find out more about this city. How bloody easy it is to get around. I'll give you an example, middle of the day, major highway. Me and 2 more cars, that is it! Ahh easy work! Mainly i pickup doors and other big stuff like that, then deliver it. Not really hard, but i have a radio and a 2 way. Keeps me entertained. I need the money like anything! Why?
Cause I'm hoping to travel to Canada and the US of A for a year. Yep, work in Canada for the ski season and then travel around the place. Hopefully get to as many states as is possible in the time that i have. One thing that has been said to me many times is " Your only young once" So i'm going to live it up. I don't like living with regrets, so that is why i'm jumping at this opportunity. Hopefully i will be going with my little sis. Hopefully memories will evolve and last a lifetime. I'm thinking of getting another blog going about the whole trip, but can't think of any cool names. Any suggestions?


text: Toledo more mid-American content Basketball Football Baseball Opinion Archive News Archive Schedule/Results History/Records Blogs Fans 2006 football standings Template:Mid-American Conference Football Standings Small 2006-07 basketball standings Template:Mid-American Conference Basketball Standings Small random toledo fan (see all fans) <ListPages> category=University of Toledo fans count=1 Details=hide nav=off random=yes </ListPages> random toledo blog <ListPages> category=University of Toledo Blogs count=1 random=yes Details=hide nav=off </ListPages> submit your blog view all toledo blogs showdowns (challenge someone) <ListPages> order=new category=University of Toledo Showdowns count=5 details=hide </ListPages> Retrieved from "http://armchairgm.wikia.com/wiki/University_of_Toledo?oldid=165900" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected.


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This week on RESET, Surface Studio Reviews, Eero App, Arlo Reviewed, Eve V, Synology, QNAP, Plex, and more. Busy.
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L3 Auto Log is a quick and easy way to track tax-deductible auto mileage and expenses.
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The Knight of Tradition's response to Bishop Lynch's absurd accusations against Christ and His Church:
Bishop Robert Lynch of the diocese of St. Petersburg, Florida, posted the following on his blog regarding the mass shooting incident in Orlando, FL:
Today I write with a heavy heart arising from the tragedy which occurred in the early morning hours yesterday at a Gay, Lesbian, Transgender night club in Orlando, our neighbor to the east. Yesterday, the best I could muster was to send these words by text message to my brother, Bishop John Noonan, bishop of Orlando: "John, I am so sorry. With love to and for all." Today with a new dawn, I once again have some thoughts which I wish to share.
Our founding parents had no knowledge of assault rifles which are intended to be weapons of mass destruction. In crafting the second amendment to the Constitution which I affirm, they thought only of the most awkward of pistols and heavy shotguns. I suspect they are turning in their graves if they can but glimpse at what their words now protect. It is long past time to ban the sale of all assault weapons whose use should be available only to the armed forces. If one is truly pro-life, then embrace this issue also and work for the elimination of sales to those who would turn them on innocents.
Second, sadly it is religion, including our own, which targets, mostly verbally, and also often breeds contempt for gays, lesbians and transgender people. Attacks today on LGBT men and women often plant the seed of contempt, then hatred, which can ultimately lead to violence. Those women and men who were mowed down early yesterday morning were all made in the image and likeness of God. We teach that. We should believe that. We must stand for that. Without yet knowing who perpetrated the PULSE mass murders, when I saw the Imam come forward at a press conference yesterday morning, I knew that somewhere in the story there would be a search to find religious roots. While deranged people do senseless things, all of us observe, judge and act from some kind of religious background. Singling out people for victimization because of their religion, their sexual orientation, their nationality must be offensive to God's ears. It has to stop also.
Third, responding by barring people of Muslim only faith from entering the country solely because of their stated faith until they can be checked out is un-American, even in these most challenging of times and situations. There are as many good, peace loving and God fearing Muslims to be found as Catholics or Methodists or Mormons or Seventh Day Adventists. The devil and devilish intent escape no religious iteration.
Will we ever learn? I hope so but until the above three points are taken seriously by society, sadly, tragically, we can expect more Orlandos. May the souls of those faithful departed who met their God early Sunday morning rest in peace, and those recovering from deep wounds heal, help and hope.
Well, to begin with, Dr. Thomas D. Williams writing for the politically conservative American website Breitbart.com, notes that "the bishop made no attempt to explain how a 29-year-old Muslim who never stepped foot in a Catholic Church would have been motivated to carry out his deed by a supposed Catholic "contempt" for homosexuality." What a truly unbelievable statement from a successor of the Apostles! To say that our Catholic Faith shoulders much of the blame for this incident since it "targets" and "breeds contempt" for these "LGBT" individuals! This is not to dismiss the rest of the letter, which reads much more like a political commentary from Hillary Clinton than it does as a letter from a bishop to his faithful. This Bishop is using his position given to him by the Church to criticize the Catholic Faith itself, a lack of proper gun control, and Donald Trump's proposal on Muslims entering the U.S., rather than the true evils present in this anti-Christ society. What kind of a message does this convey to Catholic Faithful everywhere, especially those in St. Petersburg?
I will mainly focus on the statement regarding our Catholic Faith. I suspect this post might attract many visitors from Google searches and the like, so a few quotes are in order. First, a few quotes on the Church's teaching rearding the sin of Sodomy:
St. John Chrysostom: "But if thou scoffest at hearing of hell and believest not that fire, remember Sodom. For we have seen, surely we have seen, even in this present life, a semblance of hell. For since many would utterly disbelieve the things to come after the resurrection, hearing now of an unquenchable fire, God brings them to a right mind by things present. For such is the burning of Sodom, and that conflagration!…
"Consider how great is that sin, to have forced hell to appear even before its time!… For that rain was unwonted, for the intercourse was contrary to nature, and it deluged the land, since lust had done so with their souls. Wherefore also the rain was the opposite of the customary rain. Now not only did it fail to stir up the womb of the earth to the production of fruits, but made it even useless for the reception of seed. For such was also the intercourse of the men, making a body of this sort more worthless than the very land of Sodom. And what is there more detestable than a man who hath pandered himself, or what more execrable?"
Pope St. Gregory the Great: "Sacred Scripture itself confirms that sulfur evokes the stench of the flesh, as it speaks of the rain of fire and sulfur poured upon Sodom by the Lord. He had decided to punish Sodom for the crimes of the flesh, and the very type of punishment he chose emphasized the shame of that crime. For sulfur stinks, and fire burns. So it was just that Sodomites, burning with perverse desires arising from the flesh like stench, should perish by fire and sulfur so that through this just punishment they would realize the evil they had committed, led by a perverse desire."
Catechism of the Council of Trent on The Sixth Commandment: "In the Gospel, too, Christ the Lord says: From the heart come forth adulteries and fornications, which defile a man. The Apostle Paul expresses his detestation of this crime frequently, and in the strongest terms: This is the will of God, your sanctification, that you should abstain from fornication; Fly fornication; Keep not company with fornicators; Fornication, and an uncleanness and covetousness, let it not so much as be named among you; Neither fornicators nor adulterers, nor the effeminate nor sodomites shall possess the kingdom of God."
Catholic Encyclopedia article on Lust: "Theologians ordinarily distinguish various forms of lust in so far as it is a consummated external sin, e.g., fornication, adultery, incest, criminal assault, abduction, and sodomy."
However, when faced with the common accusations that the Catholic Faith is uncharitable or that the Bible says "Who are we to judge?", good Catholics must know how to respond. I present to our readers the following from Jim Blackburn of Catholic Answers. Although the authors of this site do not endorse everything Catholic Answers and theCatechism of the Catholic Church say, this is a fine rebuttal to the questions that have been raised.
"…Often people in these situations have tried to take some action already, only to be shot down immediately with the accusation that they are being "judgmental," that the Bible teaches us not to judge others, that they should just mind their own business. "After all," they're told, "I'm not judging you and you shouldn't be judging me. Read the Bible." But is that really what the Bible teaches?
When pressed to show where the Bible supports this, those who can come up with any response at all usually point to Jesus' words found in the Gospel of Matthew, "Judge not, that you not be judged." Most people will stop there, with the clear conviction that the Bible teaches that we are not to pass any form of judgment on others. A closer look at this Bible verse and other related verses, however, uncovers a different understanding of Jesus' teaching.
First, let's look at the full context of Jesus' words:
Judge not, that you be not judged. For with the judgment you pronounce you will be judged, and the measure you give will be the measure you get. Why do you see the speck that is in your brother's eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Or how can you say to your brother, "Let me take the speck out of your eye," when there is the log in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother's eye. (Matt. 7:1-5)
If we break this passage down line by line, it becomes clear that Jesus was not telling his disciples that they could not ever judge the behavior of others. Rather, he was cautioning them to live righteous lives themselves so that their judgment of others' behavior would not be rash judgment and their efforts would be effective in admonishing their neighbors.
"Judge not, that you be not judged." By itself, this statement could be construed to mean that one may escape even God's judgment simply by not judging the behavior of others. Of course, everyone is judged by God, so this cannot be a proper understanding. Jesus goes on to reformulate his statement in a positive way: "With the judgment you pronounce you will be judged, and the measure you give will be the measure you get." Jesus indeed expects his disciples to judge but he warns that they, too, will be judged in a like manner.
This is reminiscent of the line in the Lord's Prayer, "forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us" (Matt. 6:12). Much more than a simple warning that God will treat us as we treat others, this is an appeal to each of us to be as much as we can like God in the way that we treat others. The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains, "there has to be a vital participation, coming from the depths of the heart, in the holiness and the mercy and the love of our God. Only the Spirit by whom we live can make 'ours' the same mind that was in Christ Jesus" (CCC 2842).
In the next two lines Jesus cautions against hypocrisy: "Why do you see the speck that is in your brother's eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Or how can you say to your brother, 'Let me take the speck out of your eye,' when there is the log in your own eye?" Judging hypocritically is not effective. A petty thief admonished by a bank robber only scoffs at his admonisher.
Jesus then explains how to judge rightly: "First take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother's eye." Much to the point of this article, there can be no doubt that those final words—"take the speck out of your brother's eye"—are, indeed, permission to judge so long as it is done rightly.
Other Bible passages which seem on the surface to indicate a condemnation of judging others' behavior may be treated similarly in their full context. The idea of rightly judging the behavior of others can be found throughout the New Testament.
Jesus told the Jews, "Do not judge by appearances, but judge with right judgment" (John 7:24).
He instructed his disciples what to do if someone sins against them:
Go and tell him his fault, between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained your brother. But if he does not listen, take one or two others along with you, that every word may be confirmed by the evidence of two or three witnesses. If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church; and if he refuses to listen even to the church, let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector. (Matt. 18:15-17)
It is not possible to follow Jesus' instructions without being "judgmental" of another's behavior.
Paul, too, exhorted right judgment of other Christians: "For what have I to do with judging outsiders? Is it not those inside the church whom you are to judge? God judges those outside. Drive out the wicked person from among you" (1 Cor. 5:12-13).
Also, "Do you not know that the saints [i.e. Christians] will judge the world? And if the world is to be judged by you, are you incompetent to try trivial cases? Do you not know that we are to judge angels? How much more, matters pertaining to this life!…Shun immorality" (1 Cor. 6:2-18).
A look at the Old Testament reveals similar teaching: "You shall do no injustice in judgment; you shall not be partial to the poor or defer to the great, but in righteousness shall you judge your neighbor" (Lev. 19:15).
Clearly, contrary to what many would prefer to believe, the Bible exhorts us to rightly judge the behavior of others. The Catholic Church teaches likewise but cautions us just as Jesus did the disciples:
Respect for the reputationof persons forbids every attitude and word likely to cause them unjust injury. He becomes guilty:
- of rash judgment who, even tacitly, assumes as true, without sufficient foundation, the moral fault of a neighbor;
- of detraction who, without objectively valid reason, discloses another's faults and failings to persons who did not know them;
- of calumny who, by remarks contrary to the truth, harms the reputation of others and gives occasion for false judgments concerning them.
To avoid rash judgment, everyone should be careful to interpret insofar as possible his neighbor's thoughts, words, and deeds in a favorable way: "Every good Christian ought to be more ready to give a favorable interpretation to another's statement than to condemn it. But if he cannot do so, let him ask how the other understands it. And if the latter understands it badly, let the former correct him with love. If that does not suffice, let the Christian try all suitable ways to bring the other to a correct interpretation so that he may be saved." (CCC 2477-2478)
Having said all that, there is a big difference between judging another's behavior and judging the eternal state of his soul. The latter judgment belongs only to God. Jesus addressed this type of judgment too:
The Father judges no one, but has given all judgment to the Son, that all may honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. He who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him. Truly, truly, I say to you, he who hears my word and believes him who sent me, has eternal life; he does not come into judgment, but has passed from death to life. Truly, truly, I say to you, the hour is coming, and now is, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live. For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son also to have life in himself, and has given him authority to execute judgment, because he is the Son of Man. Do not marvel at this; for the hour is coming when all who are in the tombs will hear his voice and come forth, those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of judgment. I can do nothing on my own authority; as I hear, I judge; and my judgment is just, because I seek not my own will but the will of him who sent me. (John 5:22-30)
Clearly, in this context, Jesus was speaking of judgment as condemnation or eternal damnation. Such judgment is reserved to him alone.
So, when faced with the immoral behavior of loved ones, how can we be sure to rightly judge behavior? In Jesus' own words, we must start by taking the logs out of our own eyes—by making sure we are doing the best we can to live lives of good example. We must also strive to form our consciences correctly so that we know sin when we see it. Finally, we must not jump to conclusions about another's culpability in sin. Doing all this will help to ensure that our admonitions are seen as the loving actions we intend them to be—meant to help our loved ones live their lives in ways that are pleasing to God. Only then can our efforts be effective in helping to take these ugly specks out of our brothers' eyes."
So, as Bp. Robert Lynch condemns the Catholic Faith for treating "LGBT" people in such a way as to target and breed "contempt" for them, he calumniates Christ and His Angelic Bride. He may as well have said that God Himself is to blame, since the teachings criticized are those of God Himself as reflected in His Church. What an example of "diabolical disorientation" as prophesied by Our Lady of Fatima! Our Lady of Fatima, ora pro nobis!
~Steven C., "Knight of Tradition


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1. How long has the business been operating and how did it start?
The company was established in the year 2009 and it is new in the business but has very experienced and knowledgeable travel consultants within East African region.
2. What is your company's mission?
Company Vision Statement: To be the leading eco-friendly destination and management company in East Africa.
Company Mission Statement: The company strives to be the leading eco-friendly travel solution provider within East African region by offering professional, innovative, eco-sensitive, high quality-personalized and value added tours and travel packages/ services to our customers.
3. What does your company specialize in?
We are specialists in mount trekking/climbing, gorilla tracking, sightseeing expeditions, game drive safaris, chimpanzee trekking, guided nature walks, adventure explorations, birdwatching safaris and so much more. We offer thrilling and captivating safaris and timeless holidays within Eastern African and South Africa regions. From the world's famous Maasai Mara to Barrak Obama's roots in Kenya, sanctuaries, national parks, game reserves, caves, cultural centres to farms.
4. Who is the founder or owner of the company and briefly describe his/her past activities?
Augustine Miller, the Managing Director of M21122 is a guru in travel industry with enormous expertise in hospitality, travel and tours operations. He is widely travelled and has strong business acumen and networks across the tourism and travel market world over. He has also worked in hotels, private firms, tour companies and government departments in the tourism field. His love and fondness of helping people with their travel needs has seen him link GTS to world market and put it on regional map within no time.
5. What is your most popular travel package and why?
Our prime tours include Maasai Mara, Tsavo, Aberdare, Lake Nakuru, gorilla safaris in Rwanda and Uganda, Queen Elizabeth, Murchison Fall, Mt. Kilimanjaro, Kruger park safaris and tripsto other cultural and touristic spots within Africa. A memorable East Africa safari that is great value for money, filled with fun and uniqueness awaits you!
6. What is the best compliment you received from a client?
"a thrilling experiences of your lifetime".


text:
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Sr. Validation Engineer
Hillsboro , Oregon
January 12, 2017
Job Description
The Platform Technologies Team specializes in validation at the intersection of silicon-based features that require an enabling firmware or software/OS stack. Our current responsibilities include a variety of security features including SGX, TXT (Trusted Execution Technology), Boot Guard, BIOS Guard, and others; Platform RAS features; and, platform manageability (SPS).
Our team interacts with all server Xeon product lines and delivers both pre- and post-silicon validation. We work in simulation/emulation environments and with open chassis systems.
If you have experience in any of our technology areas (Security, RAS, SPS/Platform Management) or in platform validation, you should consider this opportunity.
In this position, you will help lead a team responsible for validating the security, RAS, and manageability features of Intel high-end servers and workstations.You will work with other teams across Intel including hardware and software security architects, silicon design and debug teams, and multiple software organizations.
Your activities will include specification based feature analysis, end-user perspective use case analysis, creating and implementing tests and methods to confirm these features, to presenting your findings.
It's a hands-on job with open chassis systems that also requires strong oral and written communication skills.
Job Qualifications
An excellent candidate will have both validation experience and knowledge of at least one of our technologies plus have strong experience with commercial server operating systems (Windows, Linux, VMware ESX), but if you meet even one of these areas and are interested in learning more, we welcome your application.
Minimum Requirements:
- BS with 4 years experience or MS degree in Software, Computer, or Electrical Engineering, or 7 years of relevant experience
- High degree of personal responsibility
- Ability to work in a team environment and balance and prioritize work
- Good verbal and written communication skills
- Ability to debug and troubleshoot complex problems
- Good understanding of processor architecture
- Basic OS kernel knowledge (Windows, Linux, or VMware ESX)
- Demonstrated leadership experience
- Validation experience
- Knowledge of Intel's Security, RAS, or SPS technologies
- Knowledge of SMBus and SPI bus communication protocols
- Knowledge of software and/or hardware testing and tools (JTAG/ITP, kernel debugger)
- Scripting skills (Python)
A little about us:
Our vision is simple and direct. If it computes, it does it best with Intel. We embrace all aspects of computing.
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Considering I grew up in the San Luis Valley in Colorado which is a hot bed of UFO activity, and considering between being an avid amateur astronomer (not to mention a cowboy who spent about 70 % of his time under the open sky), I can honestly say I never once saw a UFO.
However, folks down the road did and all around our ranch did, which means I must have been looking the other way when these things paraded through the sky. (One reporter described witnessing a dog fight between F-16s and a UFO, and swore she could hear the cannon shells bouncing off the thing - and when you're close enough to hear that, you're too close!).
Of course it could also be that an aerial refueling op doesn't sell papers so why listen to the guy who knows what he was looking at.
What's your opinion.
29 Replies
Oct 31, 2011 at 4:55 UTC
Considering I've actually seen an aerial refuel from ground level, I'll admit it's pretty strange looking. Of course, at that distance, everything's fairly strange looking.
Oct 31, 2011 at 4:58 UTC
Everything looks a little strange in the shade of a tinfoil hat.
Oct 31, 2011 at 4:59 UTC
I have seen a refueling from the flying gas station end of things and it is a very interesting view. One time refueling a B-52 and the second time a F-16.
Oct 31, 2011 at 5:03 UTC
Everything looks a little strange in the shade of a tinfoil hat.
Hey now... my therapist sez I look sexy in my shiny hat!
Oct 31, 2011 at 5:05 UTC
i dunno, i have had three experience to date, first was silver flying wing that disappeared before my eyes, teh second where a series of large floating lights covering a 60 sq mile area, drove through the middle of that and the last. a buddy and i where driving from my parents house, to his parents house, 1 5 miles trip across country. about 10 at night. he is home on leave, a copter tech in the army back form Afghanistan. we see this single solid white light hanging in the air, say 1000 feet up. just sitting there, not moving, no marker lights, no search light, nothing to suggest a helicopter. then it starts to move, very slowly then speeds up, much faster then any helicopter could, does a couple of very quick back and forth movement while moving up and then is gone, absolutely gone. now the back and forth could have been a fast upward spiral, that still dose not explain anything. i dunno what i have seen, but they are defiantly unexplained.
Oct 31, 2011 at 5:14 UTC
TIGUNIA is an IT service provider.
I've seeeeent it! I believe!
Oct 31, 2011 at 5:19 UTC
The only thing I ever saw I couldn't figure out right away was a close, quiet formation of very dim lights. Years later I saw the same thing, only this time it was in a combat zone, and by now I'd heard of F-117 Stealth's.
I guess it's hard for to believe when you grow up in a place where everyone and their Uncle has seen them, and you've spent more time under the sky than under a roof, and you've never seen a thing.
But boy, have I heard some good stories!
The most interesting story I heard, and I've little reason to disbelieve this guy was they were doing homework at the kitchen table. It was already night, and they noticed lights move past the window, but didn't think much of it. They, to include their parents, lived with their Grandfather, and he tended to keep some rather interesting hours. They assumed it was him coming home. Several minutes pass, and he doesn't come in. Thinking maybe he'd fallen or something, the oldest boy got up, and put on his coat. Since there had been folks stealing ahy, he also took a pistol. He went outside to the garage, which was about thirty yards from the house, and it was empty. Looking around, he saw a light glow coming from behind the barns, and thought, someone stealing hay. and walked out there.
There was no one there, but there was a light which he took to be a reflection. While he stood there trying to figure out where the light was reflecting from, he noticed it was coming towards him. In true Colorado cowboy fashion, he emptied the pistol into it. He states the thing stopped, and then went straight up into the air,arcing north a disappeared behind the trees.
This one never made the papers.
Oct 31, 2011 at 5:41 UTC
Everything looks a little strange in the shade of a tinfoil hat.
Hey now... my therapist sez I look sexy in my shiny hat!
Time for a new therapist.....
Oct 31, 2011 at 6:30 UTC
I've seen millions of unidentified flying objects... I'm guessing most of them were bugs.
Those who think aliens are regularly trans-versing our night sky without leaving anything but blurry lights as proof are, in my opinion, mistaken...
By all means I believe there is life beyond Earth... but it's plain silly to think that Earth is worth traveling to for a couple of redneck probes and F-16 tangles. The energy needed to travel across solar systems is, in-arguably ASTRONOMICAL.
Oct 31, 2011 at 10:45 UTC
Aliens are us from the future, they are short and pale with big eyes because they have been forced to live underground due to nuclear war, and they avoid us because they don't want to create time paradox....
Oct 31, 2011 at 11:57 UTC
so these "aliens" are actually morlocks?
ya know, I used to hear some weird stuff around the bus/train stations, but that's one I've never heard before.
Nov 1, 2011 at 3:32 UTC
Afraid I'd like to believe in UFO's but I simply don't. Too many crack addicts out there..... ;-)
Nov 1, 2011 at 5:15 UTC
It's more than likely the space-travel equivalent of rich kids doing doughnuts in their sportscars.
You're young, you're bored, you have a highly sophisticated craft capable of intergalactic travel. Of course you're going to go and annoy rednecks...
Nov 1, 2011 at 8:13 UTC
I've never seen anything that I thought was an alien craft.
I figure that if the aliens have managed to cross the interstellar divide that they're not only flying overhead, but integrated with the population and studying us, if not using us.
Perhaps they're space vampires using plasma clinics to steal energy from street people and college students.
Perhaps they're watching to see if we become civilized enough to share their technology with us.
I consider these unlikely, and suspect that interstellar travel will most likely be in the form of a moon-sized craft along the lines of that in Rendevous with Rama.
Nov 1, 2011 at 8:14 UTC
Everything looks a little strange in the shade of a tinfoil hat.
Hey now... my therapist sez I look sexy in my shiny hat!
Time for a new therapist.....
Or time for the therapist to see a specialist
Nov 1, 2011 at 8:50 UTC
I ran shrimp boats for years and was frequently out on the Gulf at night and you can see an amazing number of things from there that you can't see around town or city lights (more stars, etc.)
I don't believe I have ever see a UFO in the normal context. I did once see something streak through the sky, make a 90 degree turn, and just disappear. at the time I thought it might have been a metorite that hit a dense layer of air and "bounced". 25+ years later I still think that is most likely.
Nov 1, 2011 at 8:52 UTC
I havent seen God yet, but that does not mean he does not exist.
Nov 1, 2011 at 8:57 UTC
LSD? I personally havent seen any UFO/alien, but I do belive that we are not the only race in the galaxy
Nov 1, 2011 at 9:21 UTC
never seen anything....but I think its rather short sighted to believe that out of the billions of other solar systems, we are the only ones with life.
Hope their friendly O.o
Nov 1, 2011 at 9:22 UTC
To quote the phrase:
"The surest sign of intelligent live is it hasn't tried to contact us."
That said I believe there are things we can't explain yet, but I'm thinking 90% of the UFO/alien sightings are well wrong. and the other 10% are undentifiable... but alien?? not convinced yet.
Edit: I do believe the must be other life out there but not sure why it would make an effort to come here... unless humans are like a train wreck they just can't look away...
Nov 1, 2011 at 9:24 UTC
Quite a few years ago while camping up north with the family. My brother and I always head down to the lake front before we crash to star gaze. Before that night all we ever saw were the typical shooting stars and satellites.
We turned around from the lake to look back over the horizon of the trees and saw a really bright pin prick of a light which caught our attention. It proceeded to fly or bounce in a weird random pattern through about 1/4 of the night sky. Up, down, left, right, diagonal, if you will. And then carried on to shoot off and up until it was gone.
Now I don't say what we saw was alien, but it was definitely unidentified and was flying. To this day collaborating our stories were still not sure what it could have been. And of course the rest of the family says all we saw was someone shining a flash light around.
Nov 1, 2011 at 9:42 UTC
It's more than likely the space-travel equivalent of rich kids doing doughnuts in their sportscars.
You're young, you're bored, you have a highly sophisticated craft capable of intergalactic travel. Of course you're going to go and annoy rednecks...
Nov 1, 2011 at 9:53 UTC
You need to read the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy... it is damn near a religion.
The following is excerpted from wikipedia, which is excerpted from the book, which was taken from the radio show.
"....Earth is widely regarded with derision and scorn by most sentient beings in the galaxy..."
"....Before the arrival of Ford Prefect and the Vogons, Earth's main form of extraterrestrial contact was with "teasers": bored rich kids who cruise the galaxy looking for planets yet to make interstellar contact, find some isolated spot, land in front of some credulous soul they know no one will ever believe, strut up and down in front of them with "silly antennas on their head" and make "beep-beep" noises at them..."
Nov 1, 2011 at 9:59 UTC
You need to read the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy... it is damn near a religion.
I have certainly read Hitchiker's Guide. Though it's been a while; perhaps I should give it another go. =D
If Pi weren't so cool, surely my name would have been suffixed by '42' - Heheheh
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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|Home > Paulino
♂ Paulino
What does Paulino mean?
Paulino [pauli-no] as a name for boys is of Latin derivation, and the meaning of the name Paulino is "small". Paulino is an alternate spelling of Paul (Latin).
ASSOCIATED WITH small (little)
ALTERNATIVE FORMS VIA PAUL Pablo, Paolo, Pauli, Paulie, Paulin, Paulinus, Paulo, Paulos, Paulsen, Paulson, Paulus, Pauly, Pavlik, PavloCREATIVE FORMS
(male) Palino, Paulan, ..
(female) Paulila, Paulilo, .. MIDDLE NAME PAIRINGS
Paulino Lian (P.L.), ..
How popular is Paulino?
Paulino is an unusual given name for men but a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#4192 out of 150436, Top 3%). (2000 U.S. CENSUS)
Which version is better?with its source form and related boy names. Popular variation forms of Paulino (NOT RANKED) are Paul (#200 VIA LATEST LIST), Pablo (#393), Paulo and Paolo. Other variants, like Pavlo, are seldom used. Usage of these relations of Paulino reached its highest in the 1960s (ADOPTION OF 1.28%) and is now significantly diminished (ADOPTION 0.15%, 88.4% LESS), with the version Paul becoming somewhat dated. (TOP BABY NAMES, 2015)
Similar NamesRecommended names are Acilino, Akilino (see Aquila), Aluino, Aquilino, Balbino, Bruino (see Bruno), Calvino, Carmino, Claudino, Eduino (see Edwin), Faustino, Galeno, Gavino, Giuliano, Juliano, Lauriano, Marino, Martino, Natalino, Paciano, Pain, Paine, Pali, Palila, Palomo, Paquito, Parkin, Parkins, Patin, Pattin, Pilipo (see Philip), Pino, Rubino, Rufino, Sabino, Salvino, Sandino, Santino▲, Savino, Taurino and Yamino. These names tend to be more frequently used than Paulino.See names in meaning and etymology.


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This is a 5/5 chapter. Not the best 5/5, but it is one of the best because a lot of information was given out.
We readers have to stop taking for fact what characters say. The Second said that the Uchiha is evil and their eyes turn them evil isn't a fact.
It is his "opinion" because they have tried to overturn the village, but he thinks they should be punished and not trusted from his interaction with them during all of the wars he fought with them. He knows Madara's heart and he is holding a grudge. He is still mad that the First let them join with them to form the Leaf. He is a hater.
The First is one of the Greatest Shinobis of all time. Don't let the way the Second is acting towards him mislead you. He is the First Hokage, if the Second was stronger, he would have been the First Hokage. Who faced and defeated Madara, not the Second. Let's not get it twisted.
This is Naruto Manga, and it is all about love overcoming hate and the First's personality is the best indication of what the village was built upon. His is approachable but will lay the smack down because he has so much to protect, which makes him stronger and have to stay and get stronger to protect it. Just like Naruto and the other Hokages.
Stop with this God of Shinobis Bull!!!! Old age is the God of Shinobis. At the time the First was the strongest = God of Shinobis, at the time the Third was the strongest (of those living) = God of Shinobis. Get over it, at the time they were the strongest.
Madara isn't the end all of Shinobis. He can't die, but I will take others in a fair fight against him. He is very powerful, but he could be beaten, especially now that there has been some intel gotten on him. He is just invincible from the Edo.
Just let's wait and see what happens. It is a long way to go.


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Experience-grounded conceptualsemantic representations and their. modulation by linguistic context
- Silvester Griffin
- 1 years ago
- Views:
1 Experience-grounded conceptualsemantic representations and their modulation by linguistic context Marco Tettamanti San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Firenze, MODELACT 2015, June 11
2 CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE Represented by amodal and arbitrary symbols Complete independence Independent but associated Partial dependence Complete dependence Binder JR & Desai RH (2011) Grounded in content-specific distributed representations
3 PARTIALLY GROUNDED The reactivation of the neural nodes contributing to distributed semantic networks varies in a flexible manner, depending on the type of concept retrieval required by the task, by the focus on specific sensorymotor features, and by the linguistic context in which it occurs (Hoenig et al., 2008; Ghio and Tettamanti, 2010; van Dam et al., 2012; Kiefer & Pulvermueller, 2012).
4 Action Motion Color Shape Sound Patterson K. et al. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8: (2007).
5 Action-related concepts Abstract concepts?
6 I grasp the apple LdPCG LSMG LIFG-PT LpITG I do not grasp the apple
7 Concepts in semantic memory Concepts in semantic memory
8 Concepts in semantic memory Dominant channel of experience for a given object. PERCEPTUAL Information about perceptual features Memory of visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory properties of objects is stored in the same sensory systems activated when experiencing that information.
9 Concepts in semantic memory FUNCTIONAL ACTION-RELATED Abstract properties about object function and context of use Visuo-motor information about the use and manipulation of objects WHAT FOR? HOW? The use of an object and the way it is manipulated are reflected in the neuropsychological distinction between semantic dementia and apraxia.
10 Concepts in semantic memory FUNCTION > ACTION Areas associated with semantic dementia and contextual features of objects ACTION > FUNCTION Parieto-premotor system for action control Canessa N, Borgo F, Cappa SF, Perani D, Falini A, Buccino G, Tettamanti M, Shallice T. The Different Neural Correlates of Action and Functional Knowledge in Semantic Memory: An fmri Study. Cerebral Cortex 18(4): (2008).
11 Concepts in semantic memory Dominant channel of experience for a given object. Direct evidence?
12 Concepts in semantic memory INVENTED OBJECTS/TOOLS Increased fronto-parieto-temporal activations for trained vs untrained tools Early frontal motor and late occipito-parietal effects for pantomimed actions vs. pointing T=Trained NT=Not Trained Weisberg J. et al. Cereb. Cortex 17: (2007). Kiefer M. et al. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 19: (2007).
13 Concepts in semantic memory MANIPULATION vs VISUAL EXPERIENCE Manipulation training objects Visual training objects No-Training objects Pictures of objects Scrambled object images
14 Concepts in semantic memory Task Post > Pre Training Post Training specific effects V N M Bellebaum C, Tettamanti M, Marchetta E, Della Rosa P, Rizzo G, Daum I, Cappa SF. Neural representations of unfamiliar objects are modulated by sensorimotor experience. Cortex 49(4): (2013).
15 Concepts in semantic memory OBSERVATION vs VISUAL EXPERIENCE Rüther NN, Tettamanti M, Cappa SF, Bellebaum C. Observed Manipulation Enhances Left FrontoParietal Activations in the Processing of Unfamiliar Tools. PLoS ONE 9(6): e99401 (2014).
16 Concepts in semantic memory DCM FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION Winning model LIFG LIFG LIPL LMTG LPPC LPPC LIPL LMTG LIPL LIFG 2nd Best model LMTG LPPC M V Bellebaum C, Tettamanti M, Marchetta E, Della Rosa P, Rizzo G, Daum I, Cappa SF. Neural representations of unfamiliar objects are modulated by sensorimotor experience. Cortex 49(4): (2013).
17 Semantic knowledge and language Semantic knowledge and language
18 Semantic knowledge and language ACTION-RELATED SENTENCES Task: passively listening to auditorily presented sentences 4s AFFERRO UN ADDENTO UNA MELA COLTELLO LECCO IL GELATO SPEZZO IL PANE... Mouth 20 s CALCIO IL PALLONE... Hand Abstract RICORDO IL FATTO VALUTO GLI ERRORI... INFILO GLI ZOCCOLI Leg Abstract MASTICO IL PANE... SOFFIO SUL FUOCO Mouth Abstract TEMO LA PROVA CONFONDO I RICORDI IMMAGINO LA COLLERA Abstract DESIDERO LA GIOIA... ADORO L OZIO APPREZZO LE DOTI...
19 0 L-A SFS IFS H-A Signal change (%) The left IFC (BA 44/45) was activated irrespective of body part 0.1 M-A H-A L-A SF x=-44 y=2 z=24 * IPS ITS M-A H-A * 0.2 CS STS 0.1 x=-28 y=-4 z=48 PoCS 0.2 M-A L-A Signal change (%) 0.3 x=-26 y=4 z=64 * PrCS Signal change (%) Semantic knowledge and language M-A H-A L-A Body-part specific activations in premotor area (BA 6) Tettamanti M, Buccino G, Saccuman MC, Gallese V, Danna M, Scifo P, Fazio F, Rizzolatti G, Cappa SF, Perani D. Listening to action-related sentences activates fronto-parietal motor circuits. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 17(2): (2005).
20 Semantic knowledge and language CONCRETE vs ABSTRACT Raichle ME, TICS 14(4): (2010). LdPCG P=0.99 P=1.00 LSMG P=1.00 P=1.00 P=0.95 P=1.00 LRpCC P=1.00 LIFG-PT LSTG LSTG LIFG-PB LpITG LpMTG P=1.00 P=1.00 P=0.97 LaITG Action > Abstract Abstract > Action P=1.00 Ghio M. & Tettamanti M. Semantic domain-specific functional integration for action-related vs. abstract concepts. Brain and Language 112 (3): (2010).
21 Semantic knowledge and language ABSTRACT & EMOTIONS 1446 English words Abstract words are less imageable, less familiar, acquired later, but they are more emotional than concrete words.
22 Semantic knowledge and language 60 abstract words 60 concrete words A& C A> C Vigliocco G, Kousta ST, Della Rosa PAD, Vinson DP, Tettamanti M, Devlin JT, Cappa SF. The neural representation of abstract words: the role of emotion. Cereb. Cortex 24(7): (2014).
23 Semantic knowledge and language A DEMOLITION TEST FOR GROUNDED THEORY... Fine-grained semantic categorization: 3 abstract and 3 concrete semantic domains. Robust stimulus set: at least 35 sentences per semantic domain. Sentence stimuli, to mitigate lexical-semantic ambiguities. Third-person singular form, to emphasize narrative linguistic comprehension and test stronger grounded cognition accounts. No passive listening but rather non-interfering overt motor response to keep control over subjects' performance. Semantic-domain specific functional localizer scans.
24 Semantic knowledge and language Abstract domain Concrete domain 35 Mental states-related sentences (Ms) e.g., Lei ricorda il passato (She remembers the past) 35 Mouth-related sentences (Mo) e.g., Lei schiocca la lingua (She clicks the tongue) 35 Emotion-related sentences (Em) e.g., Lei prova il disgusto (She feels disgust) 35 Hand-related sentences (Ha) e.g., Lei ricama il fazzoletto (She embroiders the handkerchief) 35 Mathematics-related sentences (Ma) e.g., Lei calcola la somma (She determines the sum) 35 Leg-related sentences (Le) e.g., Lei calcia il pallone (She kicks the ball) All sentences consisted of four words and had the same structure: 3rd person feminine singular + verb simple present tense + object complement Matched psycholinguistic variables Ms Em Ma Mo Ha Le N. of syllables χ 2 = N. of letters p = Noun frequency p = Verb frequency p = Nouns and verbs frequency p = 0.110
25 Semantic knowledge and language PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RATINGS Correspondence analysis of Concreteness ratings Ghio M, Vaghi MMS, Tettamanti M. Fine-grained semantic categorization across the abstract and concrete domains. PLoS ONE 8(6): e67090 (2013).
26 Semantic knowledge and language 1-BACK CROSS-MODAL TASK WITH OVERT RESPONSE Lei rievoca il ricordo Lei rievoca il ricordo 500 ms 500 ms + + Lei calcia il pallone Lei calcia il pallone 500 ms 500 ms + + Lei apre la porta 500 ms Lei suona il campanello 500 ms?? 2000 ms 2000 ms Lei apre la porta Lei sente il campanello CLOSE ONCE CLOSE TWICE Lei calma la rabbia 500 ms + Lei calma la rabbia 500 ms +
27 Semantic knowledge and language SEMANTIC-DOMAIN SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL LOCALIZERS Mental-state localizer Emotion localizer REST * 2 =? REST REST 24 s 170 s Mouth localizer REST Mathematics localizer Move your tongue Hand localizer REST Leg localizer Move your right hand REST Move your right foot
28 Semantic knowledge and language Mental-state localizer Emotion localizer Mathematics localizer Action localizers FWE 0.05
29 Semantic knowledge and language Main effect of Concreteness n = 36 Abstract > Concrete Concrete > Abstract FWE 0.05 FWE 0.05 No predicted semantic domain effects. Ms Em Ma FWE 0.05 Mo L amygdala (SF) x = -20, y = -4, z = -16 * * * S.V.C. FWE 0.05 Ha Le
30 Semantic knowledge and language MULTIVARIATE PATTERN ANALYSIS Main effect of Concreteness Whole brain SVM classification Mean accuracy: 94.4 % (against chance level: 50 %) Sensitivity map Chi-square: 56.89, P = 2.7 e-12 Monte-Carlo permutation test: P =
31 Semantic knowledge and language 6 semantic domains Whole brain joint meta linear SVM classification Mean accuracy: 41.7 % (against chance level: 16.6 %) Chi-square: , P = 2.7 e-19 Bayesian class separation: [Ms] [Em] [Ma] [Mo] [Ha] [Le] Category-specific sensitivity conjunction: conjunction of the 5 sensitivity maps between each category and each of the other 5 categories. Ghio M, Vaghi MMS, Perani D, Tettamanti M. Submitted.
32 Semantic knowledge and language EXPERIENCE & LANGUAGE SCREWDRIVER Direct evidence?
33 Semantic knowledge and language EXPERIENCE ENHANCES COMPREHENSION Beilock S.L. et al. PNAS 105(36): (2008).
34 Semantic knowledge and language TRAINING ACTION = TRAINING CONCEPT? Piegare ( to fold ) Manipolare ( to handle ) Agganciare ( to hook ) Allacciare ( to fasten ) Infilare ( to thread ) Annodare ( to tie ) Digitare ( to key in ) Ricamare ( to embroider ) Rammendare ( to darn ) Cucire ( to sue )
35 Semantic knowledge and language PRE-TRAINING Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test ms The individual threads + The individual scratches match nonmatch The individual draws match nonmatch TARGET match nonmatch NONTARGET RT RT RT TRAINING 30 min x 5 days x 3 weeks POST-TRAINING Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test + + The individual threads + The individual scratches match nonmatch The individual draws match nonmatch TARGET match nonmatch NONTARGET RT RT RT
36 Semantic knowledge and language Means (n = 19) PreTraining Score PostTraining Score Paired t-student Minnesota MDT 65 7 ± ± 7 4 P = Origami 24 9 ± ± 2 4 P < Coin 0.7 ± ± 2.5 P < Knots 35 6 ± ± 4 0 P = Tastiera 10.1 ± ± 0.5 P = Ricamo 7.2 ± ± 2.1 P < Main effect of Verbs: P = Main effect of Training: P = Verbs x Training: P = TargetPost - NonTargetPost: P = Locatelli M, Gatti R, Tettamanti M. Training of manual actions improves language understanding of semantically related action sentences. Front. Cogn. Sci. 3(547): 1-10 (2012).
37 Modulatory effects of negation Modulatory effects of negation
38 Modulatory effects of negation SENTENTIAL NEGATION Priming effects are reduced for negated vs. non-negated nouns, suggesting that negation affects the semantic activation level of the negated propositions (MacDonald & Just, 1989). I grasp the apple Abstract sentences as a control I do not grasp the apple
39 Modulatory effects of negation CONCRETENESS X POLARITY
40 ABSTRACT AFFIRMATIVE CONCRETE NEGATIVE MODULATORY EFFECTS Modulatory effects of negation
41 Modulatory effects of negation CONCRETENESS X POLARITY I grasp the apple I (do not) remember the past LdPCG LSMG LIFG-PT LpITG I do not grasp the apple Tettamanti M, Manenti R, Della Rosa PA, Falini A, Perani D, Cappa SF, Moro A. Negation in the brain: modulating action representations. NeuroImage 43(2): (2008).
42 Modulatory effects of negation INDEPENDENT VERIFICATIONS GRASP! vs DON'T GRASP! Tomasino B. et al., Neuroscience 169: (2010). Liuzza M.T. et al., PloS ONE 6(2): e16855 (2011).
43 Modulatory effects of negation MOTOR CORRESPONDENCE THEORY I grasp the apple I do not grasp the apple I grasp Reaction times I grasp I do not grasp
44 Modulatory effects of negation KINEMATIC ANALYSIS affirmative negative abstract proximal distal I wish I grasp I pinch I do not wish I do not grasp I do not pinch Exp 1 Experiment 1: (reach & grasp) n=18 Experiment 2: (grasp) n=24 Exp 2
45 Modulatory effects of negation Experiment 2 Experiment 1 * P = n.s. n.s. n.s. P = Concreteness x Polarity P = P = Concreteness x Polarity P = Bartoli E, Tettamanti A, Farronato P, Caporizzo A, Gatti R, Moro A, Perani D, Tettamanti M. Sentential negation improves concurrent motor performance. J. Neurophysiol. 109(7): (2013).
46 To sum up
47 Semantic memory for an object is encoded through the dominant channel of experience with concurrent inhibition of the non-dominant grounded systems. When processing domain-specific linguistic utterances, depending on the depth of lexical-semantic access and on the level of semantic experience, the corresponding grounded systems may be functionally integrated with perisylvian language regions. In the case of negative sentences, the interactions between perisylvian language regions and grounded systems are reduced, leaving neural resources more free for concurrent motor performance.
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