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The history of Montenegrin independence should be a lesson for Russia
Saturday marks exactly ten years since the referendum which Montenegro left the state Union with Serbia. This anniversary she celebrates accession to NATO, but about the sequence of these events it was possible to guess it then. That all happened the way it happened, is indirectly the fault of Russia. And it is important to understand that such "surprise" is not the last.
On Thursday, the foreign Ministers of NATO countries signed a Protocol on the incorporation of Montenegro into the Alliance. It remains to be ratified, but since then, the representatives of Montenegro have the right to attend regular meetings of the NATO observer status. The event was attended by Prime Minister Milo Djukanovic, who in recent years has been the engine of the accession of his estate to the Alliance contrary to the opinion of much of the population.
"Montenegro was flooded with cars with foreign plates, on which you can ride all you want, but it was impossible to travel outside of the country – almost all of them were listed as stolen"
The fact that this event almost coincided with the tenth anniversary of referendum on secession of Montenegro from the state Union with Serbia may have been an accident, but it turned out symbolic. From a formal point of view, Montenegro gained independence on 21 may and 3 June, when the referendum results were approved by the Parliament, but it is assumed that Yugoslavia ceased to exist just after the announcement of the first results of the plebiscite. However, "Yugoslavia", the country was called only by inertia. In the state, in 2003 renamed the state Union of Serbia and Montenegro, no national unity was not, and Podgorica preferred to live his life, until the illegal adoption of the Euro in 2002.
The turnout at the plebiscite was extremely high – nearly 87%. According to the hastily adopted law on referendum, to secede from the Union with Serbia was necessary 50% of votes plus one vote, but the opposition demanded to take into account the voices of not only the citizens of Montenegro, and the Montenegrins living abroad (70% of Montenegrins have relatives in Serbia). The situation grew tense, and the EU representative, Miroslav Lajcak (now Minister of foreign Affairs of Slovakia) said that Brussels recognizes the independence of Podgorica only in the case if "for" vote of 55% of voters. Where Lajcak took this figure is unclear. Theoretically, he could "expose" Djukanovic (Yes, then he was also the Prime Minister) any interest, because there is no generally accepted international practices or legislated regulations of the EU on this issue does not exist. Suppose it was a free flight of thought Miroslav lajčák, comes from the fact that the bloodless separation happens only in the case that a separatist victory would be relatively convincing. And that is why it was considered a convincing result in 55%, no one knows still.
In any case, clearly did not work. Immediately after the vote, Djukanovic was quick to say that "for" vote of 55.5 %, then the figure has been adjusted to 55.3%. Another representative of the Union responsible for organizing the referendum, františek Lipka (a Slovak too, and also a poet and a sommelier), in the end, adopted the figure of 55.6% 44.4% against. The opposition had for some time disputed about 19 thousand votes, so the final announcement of results was delayed, but in the end the fate of the Union decided approximately 2,000 ballots – about so exceeded the required threshold. The opposition leader Predrag Bulatovic still claims that the secession of Montenegro voted 54%, that is, we need the EU the result has not been achieved.
The vote distribution of Montenegrins is very uneven, but it is significant. Pomor gave 60% "for", which is understandable and historically. Rich coast has lived and is living through tourism, there has long been forgotten what the Yugoslav Dinar. Even in Tito's Yugoslavia fortunate inhabitants of Pomerania, Montenegrin and Croatian Dalmatia for the holiday season earning an income that could comfortably spend the winter in Western Europe, and even in Miami. In addition, seaboard, by that time firmly hooked on a variety of smuggling, among which was dominated by cigarettes. And "final" independence was presented only as an additional option, which will expand the existing opportunities, often striking outside observers. For example, Montenegro was flooded with cars with foreign (mostly Italian), on which you can ride all you want, but it was impossible to travel outside of the country – almost all of them in theft.
A separate story – the vote in Ulcinj and to the South of it. This area historically was inhabited mainly by Albanians, but has already managed to feel the creeping colonization of Kosovo. The result of Ulcinj, and all the settlements to the border with Albania polls voted for independence. Then the government of Montenegro, it didn't seem dangerous, since Djukanovic had developed a good rapport with the Kosovars, and those from time to time kept quiet about his claim to Ulcinj and Rozaje. Even the personal bodyguard of Cute has long been Albanian.
In the border with Serbia and Bosnia regions, the situation was just the opposite. In some "opstina"-municipalities for the preservation of the Union voted to 75% of the population. And we must understand that in a Patriarchal Montenegro, with its vestiges of the communal-tribal system ", opshtiny" in everyday life means more than the Central government. For example, without the consent of the representatives opshtiny virtually impossible to begin construction or to open a resort business. The land historically belongs to a local family (clan), and the user opshtiny, as a rule, are his representatives here with them-and have to agree. Another thing is that the traditionalist society is not too good understanding of the political realities, as "keepers of traditions" is easily conducted in high-sounding phrases. The result proved to be decisive voice mountain of Montenegro, where support for independence was predetermined by that word, beautiful sounding in all the mountains.
First, the independence of Montenegro has recognized Croatia, and most of all rejoiced in Kosovo. The then Prime Minister, Pristina and the famous KLA fighter Agim Ceku said that the referendum "the final step to the destruction of Yugoslavia". Liberal Serbian President Boris Tadic has recognised the results of voting almost immediately, but the opposition to him by Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica (Serbia is already well-established practice of political dualism, it – multiple personality disorder) was quiet for about a week until he was finally forced to repeat the confession Tadic. But Brussels is rightly the winner decided to tickle the nerves of all parties and repeatedly stressed that "the European future of Serbia and Montenegro will depend on their choice and the readiness to cooperate with the ICTY". Than this pressure has ended, we see the results of the last process in the Hague.
"If you wish, in Serbia typed those 55%, which will push the entry into the EU and NATO, and if not typed, delegates from Brussels will come up with a new figure"
Still diplomatic relations with Podgorica did not establish the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bhutan, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Tanzania, Nigeria, Somalia, Madagascar, Sao Tome and Principe, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea and the Kingdom of Tonga. It is possible that in these countries do not quite understand, where is Montenegro, and certainly don't feel for her any feelings. As to Russia, she, like China, have stated that they would support any results, than untied the hands of supporters of independence through diplomatic and other channels Djukanovic knew that Moscow would not block a UN security Council recognition of Montenegro.
This ostrich position is not that understandable, but the natural policy of the Balkan countries (and especially small and Montenegro) in Russia was in those days something third-rate. In fact, a unified and targeted strategy in the Balkans did not exist, although several influential diplomats and business live there physically, will arrive in Moscow to work. Their complacency was a product of the very contagious in the home of the Mediterranean way of life, Moscow is based on the notion that "anywhere-they are not going anywhere" due to circumstances, mentality and Orthodoxy. In the end, Montenegro almost no one did, except for rare flashes of attention on the basis of privatization of several industrial facilities. Such a policy for eye became known as "corporate diplomacy" because the public interest was determined not by strategic calculation and prediction, and the interests of large companies and state corporations. However, the calculation of the Orthodoxy, the mentality, economic ties and so on. (if ever there was some calculation) is not justified. After years of the previously privatized enterprises, including the famous aluminum plant, was lost for the Russian business.
Movement of Montenegro in NATO was gradual, but so obvious that it was impossible not to notice. Cooperation with the ICTY seemed a tribute to the conventions, but at the slightest hint from the Hague it is closed to the possibility of stay in Montenegro, even those who legally owned and owns real estate there. This was followed by a strange story with a possible Montenegro Russian naval base, which included an investment of several billion dollars, which exceeded the entire annual GDP of the country. After some haggling and hesitation Djukanovic rejected the Russian proposal, and what this trend means in fact it is clear even from the sun dazed tourists on the beaches of Budva.
When advancing towards NATO became official, and Djukanovic began to push specific legal steps, no tools counter was gone. They are, however, not originally, but suddenly it turned out that the tough stance of Russia against NATO enlargement is not backed up in practice. Unrest in Montenegro, when thousands of people took to the streets to protest against joining the Alliance, have been exclusively natural, and intellectual and media support of Russia's initiative was limited to just a couple people. That is, statements Djukanovic about the "hand of Moscow" behind street protests in Podgorica, were, to put it mildly, an exaggeration, but the exaggeration is significant. This was followed by a very brutal crackdown, which is not typical for Montenegro, where most of the problems even in 90-e years were solved through negotiations.
Now you can talk about "changing balance of power in the Balkans", a direct violation of agreements not to expand NATO to the East and South, but Montenegro have already entered into the Alliance at an amazing speed as rapidly at the time, was achieved and its independence. Change it all will not succeed, but the findings needed to be done. For example, you need to hear the applause from Belgrade, from the part of Serbian society, which in the last ten years, despite the integration in the Russian political process, were set on joining the European structures, contrary to the opinion of the majority of society. And, if desired, in Serbia typed those 55%, which will push the entry into the EU and NATO, and if not typed, delegates from Brussels will come up with a new figure.
We need to live in this situation. To think about a new model of "soft power", the fullness of embassies and missions concerned and sincere people, a more stringent position of the MFA as a whole. And while the Assembly of Podgorica, at the regular meeting unanimously adopted the decision on renaming of the Republic square in Independence square. As follows from tourist brochures, "a large space, a beautiful fountain, next to shopping malls and restaurants, and free wi-fi made this area one of the most favorite places for recreation for residents and guests of the capital". Free wi-fi is the key word.Related posts:

subset: commoncrawl


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Dr. Marty Makary is a surgeon and researcher at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is the author of Unaccountable by Bloomsbury Press and a national advocate for transparency in health care.
Dr. Makary was the lead author of the original publications on the surgery checklist which he and Dr. Pronovost adapted from their experience with patient safety in the ICU. He subsequently served in leadership roles at the United Nations W.H.O., where the surgery checklist was adopted and expanded to become the W.H.O. surgery checklist. Dr. Makary also led the W.H.O. technical workgroup on developing metrics to measure surgical quality worldwide.
Dr. Makary's current efforts focus on patient empowerment through increased transparency of medical information. He speaks nationally on the future of health care, accountability in medicine,
and new innovations to streamline health systems. He is the author of over 150 publications and a leading textbook of surgery. Dr. Makary is the recipient of grants from the Department of Health & Human Services to study surgical outcomes and is currently funded by AHRQ to implement an intervention to decrease surgical complications in 100 American College of Surgeons participating hospitals. He serves on the leadership council of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and is a frequent medical commentator for CNN and Fox News.
Clinically, he practices laparoscopic surgical oncology and is the director of the Johns Hopkins Pancreas Islet Transplantation Center. He lives in the Washington D.C. area.
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Heather: Hey, mah peeps! How is everyone?
Ikuto: Hey! Heather is updating quickly! It's a MIRACLE!
Amu: *slaps Ikuto in the head with a paper fan* Shut up, Ikuto. I'm Pregnant, don't put me through this sort of stress.
Ikuto: I Love You AMU! *Glomps her*
Heather: *Stands by, watching and laughing.*
Amu: H-Heather! Help me! Heather: Nope! Now, lets get on with this chapter! :DDDDD Ikuto: *Groans and gets off of Amu* Not that :DDDDD again... Amu: Yay! Well, anyways, Heather does not own Shugo Chara! Enjoy the story, Peeps!
Heather: Nope! Now, lets get on with this chapter! :DDDDD
Ikuto: *Groans and gets off of Amu* Not that :DDDDD again...
Amu: Yay! Well, anyways, Heather does not own Shugo Chara! Enjoy the story, Peeps!
©Heather Boone 2012-2013
I do not own Shugo Chara! Or any of the characters created by Peach Pit, but I do own the plot/idea/storyline of this story.
Chapter 9: Amu's Pregnant?!
The little plus sign on the pregnancy test stared up at her. She was scared. Scared of having a baby, scared of what Ikuto might think.
Tears filled Amu's eyes at the thought of Ikuto's reaction. W...what if he doesn't want a child? What would I do? All of a sudden the door opened, revealing a worried Ikuto. His eyes widened as he saw the tears in Amu's eyes.
"Amu, What's the matter?" Ikuto walked over to Amu and gathered her up in his arms.
" I-I'm pregnant. What are we going to do? Do you even want to have a child?" Amu was falling into hysteria and jumping to conclusions. She sobbed into Ikuto's chest. Then, Ikuto lifted Amu's head up by her chin, and kissed her tenderly and kissed away her tears.
" I love you, Amu, and I love the baby too. If your okay with it, then I'd love to have a child, but only as long as it was with you. Your the only person I will ever love, and that I'll ever want to be with. You are my everything." Ikuto's arms tightened around Amu ans she stared into his eyes. Then Amu's face broke into a happy smile.
" You are my everything too, Ikuto. I love you." She stood on her tip-toes and Ikuto dipped his head to kiss her again. After the kiss, Amu hugged Ikuto tight. " I love you so much."
Ikuto picked Amu up, and brought her to the couch, where they snuggled together. They were comfortable in each others presence. They kissed, and it felt like their first.
~six months later~
Amu ate a pickle with peanut butter on it, a weird combination thought up by her weird cravings. She didn't like strait up pickles, but it didn't taste as bad as she thought it would. She was six months pregnant, and showing. She laid a hand on her stomach and felt the baby kick. She giggled at the weird sensation caused by it. All of a sudden, hands closed over her amber eyes.
" Guess Who?" A deep, rich voice murmured into Amu's ear.
" Ikuto, Get off of my eyes, you idiot!" Amu giggled, then turned around when Ikuto removed his hands, and kissed him softly. Ikuto made a sound in his throat and kissed Amu back. He nibbled on Amu's lip, and she opened her mouth, Inviting him inside. Their tongues wrestled, and fought for dominance, but Ikuto's won. They both pulled away, gasping for breath.
" Amu, you... You have an ultrasound today. Get dressed, and we'll go." Amu giggled, then padded up the stairs to her and Ikuto's now shared bedroom. They planned on making Amu's old bedroom into a nursery for the new baby.
When Amu made it up the stairs, she slipped on a pair of white mid-thigh length shorts, knee-high red socks with a black lace trim, and a red, flowy maternity shirt. She also slid on a pair of red converse. She put her hair into pigtails, and clipped her signature 'X' clips onto them. She looked into the mirror and smiled. She looked pretty darn good, If she didn't say so herself. She went back downstairs, and Her and Ikuto made their way to the hospital.
~At the Hospital~
They waited in the waiting room, holding hands. When a nurse came out and called her name, Amu and Ikuto followed her into the ultrasound room. The woman pulled Amu's shirt up, and tucked a towel into the waist of Amu's shorts so they wouldn't get dirty. Then, the woman pulled a tube of gel out of a warmer and squeezed some along the top of the device.
The gel was warm on Amu's skin as the woman looked for the baby. She started labeling parts of the baby after she found a good place where you could see the baby well. Then, the woman asked a question.
" Well, the baby is healthy, and would you like to know your baby's gender?" The woman smiled warmly.
Amu glanced over at Ikuto, and after receiving an encouraging smile from him, she nodded. " yes, please."
The woman smiled again as she opened her mouth to speak. " It's a... Boy!" she Smiled widely.
" Ikuto... did you hear that? Were having a baby boy!" Amu giggled happily and reached up and hugged Ikuto. She then placed a short kiss on his lips.
" Congrats!" The nurse smiled as she wiped the gel from Amu's large stomach and pulled her shirt down.
" Mhmm!" Ikuto helped the beaming Amu up, smiling. Then, they left the hospital with a grinning Amu, and a happy Ikuto. Soon enough, they made it home.
~At home~
" Ikuto, What will we name him?" Amu lied next to Ikuto on the bed, staring at the ceiling. Ikuto glanced over at her.
" Hmmm... I want something unique." Ikuto replied.
" How about... Yoru?" Amu Smiled widely as she remembered the name that she had been wanting to name her first baby boy since she was younger.
" It sounds perfect." Ikuto Smiled and gave Amu a long kiss on the lips.
Heather: Well, here ya go! _
Ikuto: Yoru, eh? Typical. Amu: I personally like the name Yoru.
Amu: I personally like the name Yoru.
Heather: Right? I just wanted it to sorta relate with the real manga.
Ikuto: Whatever. Well, anyways, it's a miracle that she updated so soon!
Heather: Yeah, um, this wont happen often, and I'm going to ask for a certain number of reviews again. So…..
Everyone: REVIEW!
Ikuto: She's asking for 10 reviews! May all who review dream of me. ;)


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UK Dating
I have met Rob throught your dating site and we are extremely happy. Just want to thank you for an excellent site.... more..
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Rachel Weisz spotted on romantic date with James Bond actorPosted on: March 30, 2011 10:27:39
Singles looking for love using online dating sites may be interested to hear new couple Rachel Weisz and Daniel Craig were spotted on a romantic shopping spree.
Photographed by the Daily Mail browsing at London's fancy Louis Vuitton shop on Mayfair, the private pair were eager to stay out of the path of the flashing paparazzi cameras.
The British actors are set to co-star in Jim Sheridan's Dream House alongside Australian starlet Naomi Watts later this year, with rumours of a romance circulating ever since the duo were introduced on set.
James Bond star Craig was reportedly engaged to long-term girlfriend Satsuki Mitchell until the pair split late last year.
Weisz split from a nine-year relationship with Wrestler director Darren Aronofsky in October of last year after getting engaged in 2005. The couple share custody of their four-year-old son Henry, whom they continue to raise in New York.
The Brooklyn-born director has recently announced plans for new film Machine Man, set for release in 2012.
Tired of being lonely hearts? Try online dating!
Related Online Dating News
Hong Kong Phil boss "dreams of working with Jackie Chan"Posted on: April 17, 2014 16:26:26
The musical director of one of Asia rsquo s most well-known orchestras dreams of bringing in some unorthodox talent to perform with his musicians Speaking to the South China Morning...
(read more)
Lee Ryan and Casey Batchelor steam up the CBB housePosted on: January 6, 2014 17:25:01
They may have been shackled together when they entered the house but Lee Ryan and Casey Batchelor have done anything but drift apart since they were set free In fact...
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The online dating racePosted on: January 6, 2014 16:22:05
New research has revealed how likely single people are to get a message from an online dating site throughout According to MailOnline age matters more to men than women as...
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Sweethearts get engaged after failures on reality TVPosted on: January 3, 2014 19:02:42
When Danielle Cornwall-Nash appeared on ITV s prime time dating show Take Me Out last year she hoped that she would find a new partner and maybe even a new...
(read more)
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|This article does not cite its references or sources.
Please help improve this article by introducing appropriate citations. This article has been tagged since 14:30, December 18, 2015 (UTC). If you are using this information for your own research, campaign or general interest, you should not rely on its accuracy.
Sharks were the perfect killing machines. These creatures had been swimming in the oceans for millions of years with little change in their appearance or methods. Sharks come in a variety of sizes and appearances, but their general shape is consistent.[citation needed]
Medium sharkEdit
Medium sharks, such as the mako shark, are sleek, spindle-shaped sharks that are renowned for their speed and ability to jump out of the water.[citation needed]
Large sharkEdit
Large sharks include creature like tiger sharks. They are solitary night-time hunters that have tiger-like stripes along their back. These stripes fade as the shark matures.[citation needed]
Huge SharkEdit
Huge sharks include such creatures as the great white shark. Great whites are found in the coastal waters of every ocean. They are apex predators, feeding on dolphins, whales, and seals. The teeth of a great white are as sharp as razor blades.[citation needed]
Dire SharkEdit
Megalodons are sharks at the pinnacle of evolution. They are massive sea-hunters of immense size and ravenous appetite.[citation needed]
- ↑ Skip Williams, Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook (July 2003). Monster Manual 3.5. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 279. ISBN 0-7869-2893-X.


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Product Spotlight
Featured Research
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Hummingbird Feeders
While attending a recent ECRM pet conference to source new products, I was pleasantly surprised to find a truly interesting new pet product. Standing in front of me at the Turbine Industries exhibit was an attractive display of hummingbird feeders, reasonably packed, taking up minimal floor space.
While attending a recent ECRM pet conference to source new products, I was pleasantly surprised to find a truly interesting new pet product. Standing in front of me at the Turbine Industries exhibit was an attractive display of hummingbird feeders, reasonably packed, taking up minimal floor space.
I was impressed with both the quality and the pricing for the feeders. The liquid reservoir is glass, which reduces fading and allows for cleaning in the dishwasher. With a competitive retail of $9.99, the test stores were $2 to $5 below the retail price of similar products in pet stores, building supply stores, supercenters, and landscape nurseries in the area — proving that convenience stores don't always have to have the highest prices on the block.
Like all our product tests, products are placed in typical industry c-store locations — not the best performing locations and not the worst, so that the results can be a reference for retailers and distributors to make sound buying decisions. Testing results are reported weekly to ensure proper reporting and all tests, unless specified differently, are based on a 28-day trial period.
In stores, whose identities are kept anonymous, associates are encouraged to make customers aware of the new items.
Due to limited time, because it is a seasonal product, two test stores participated. Location 1, a rural store, completely sold a 12-piece display in less than two weeks, while Location 2, near an interstate exit, sold all but one of its six feeders during the 28-day test period. At Location 1, there were at least two multiple sales. Placement was very visible. Location 1 used a wire spinner close to the front register, while Location 2 placed individual units on the novelty and gift rack.
Additional sales would have been generated if packages of hummingbird feeder mix were included (approximate retail: $1.59), but due to timing (it was late in the season) and not having inventory on hand, the decision was to not include it in the test. There is no doubt in my mind that if introduced early in the year, sales of the mix would be significant. In lieu of feeding mix, a recipe was attached to the feeder. Feeder colors are vibrant yellow and red to attract the birds, thus no food coloring is necessary.
This particular test followed direct-store delivery pricing strategy, generating nearly 35 percent gross margin. With self-distribution or straight grocery delivery, the gross margin increases to even greater percentages.
The enormous pet industry has been somewhat ignored by convenience stores. Twenty years ago, did you believe our industry would sell bottled water, energy drinks and bars, gourmet foods, cappuccino, electronic cigarettes, designer condoms and $5 cigars? Perhaps it's time to add pet products to the mix. Michael Hahn is founder of Diversified Marketing, a convenience store consulting firm specializing in product testing, evaluation and placement. Hahn worked in the c-store industry for nearly 30 years, including owning several stores, working for a 1,500-store chain, and being a category manager, direct-store distributor and broker. For more information, e-mail michael [email protected]. If you are a manufacturer and would like your product tested by Diversified Marketing and reported on in Convenience Store News, contact Don Longo, [email protected].


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Tunisian/Afghan Crochet Ruffled Scarf by Tanis Galik
Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 25 projects made from this pattern and much more? create a free account What am I missing?
by tanisgalik Flickr
© labbylady
© labbylady
© labbylady
Tunisian/Afghan Crochet Ruffled Scarf
This pattern is available for free.
This colorful, fun scarf is crocheted using Tunisian/Afghan Crochet. It's easy to make and creates a longer, thinner scarf than the usual knitted or double crocheted version. One skein makes an extra long scarf that can be worn wrapped around your neck several times.
Hook: US G-6 (4mm) Afghan/Tunisian Crochet Hook
1 skein Bernat Twist & Twirl - Circus
For more information, see: https://simpleandsensational.com/free-simple-sensati...


text: 7 photos $123,000 205 acres On Old County Road, Searsport, ME 04974 - Waldo County Maine Land for Sale in Searsport 205+/- acres of timberland and recreational investment property in Midcoast Maine. This is the best buy on a rare large tract of land in the Midcoast. The property is a short drive from Belfast and Penobscot Bay. Hunt, fish, hike, trail ride and grow timber. Nice views and many possible building sites. Call Phil at 207-290-0372 for more information. The Land Brothers United Country Lifestyle Properties of Maine


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Ashley Gleckler Archives
20 influential Millennials working in Arizona
January 11, 2017 by in AZ Business Magazine
Can you guess the average tenure of Millennial employees? Two years. That doesn't instill much confidence for human resources executives who are trying to create a stable workforce, especially when you take this into account: More than one-in-three American workers today are Millennials (adults ages 18 to 36). And in 2015, Millennials surpassed Generation X… Read More →


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Whether it's a white, cotton button-down or black denim jeans, the Blomberg® compact 24 inch washing machines with a European design, are in harmony with you, your fashion, and your style. The washers are equipped with a variety of cycles, each specifically designed for expert clothing care.
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Dr. Louise Connell
Research interests focus on the nature of mental representations, including the grounding of concepts in perceptual information
and the interplay between linguistic and embodied simulation systems.
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Research interests focus on the effect of language, body and environment on mental representation and behaviour,
including how embodiment influences higher-level cognitive processing.
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Bangalore, Jul 16: While a number of cricketers from the past ICC Under-19 World Cups have gone on to become record-holders and icons of the game, the event has produced no less than 46 players from the Full Member countries who have earned the distinction of captaining their countries in various international series and tournaments, an International Cricket Council (ICC) media release said.
Out of the 46 players, 26 have captained their countries in the Test arena, including 15 players who have led in all the three formats of the game.
The players who have captained their countries in all the three formats of the game include Michael Clarke (Australia), Mohammad Ashraful, Shakib Al Hasan, Mushfiqur Rahim (all Bangladesh), Alastair Cook (England), Virender Sehwag (India), Ross Taylor (New Zealand), Inzamam-ul-Haq, Shoaib Malik (both Pakistan), Graeme Smith (South Africa), Ramnaresh Sarwan, Chris Gayle, Dwayne Bravo, Darren Sammy (all West Indies), and Brendan Taylor (Zimbabwe).
Apart from the above distinguished list, there are nine other icons who have led their countries in Tests and ODIs. These include Mashrafe Mortaza (Bangladesh), Michael Atherton, Nasser Hussain (both England), Lee Germon (New Zealand), Sanath Jayasuriya (Sri Lanka), Jimmy Adams, Brian Lara, Ridley Jacobs (West Indies) and Tatenda Taibu (Zimbabwe).
When it comes to the shorter versions of the game, Cameron White (Australia), Suresh Raina (India), Hashim Amla (South Africa), Denesh Ramdin (West Indies), Kane Williamson (New Zealand), Prosper Utseya and Elton Chigumbra (both Zimbabwe) have earned the honour of skippering their sides in ODIs and T20Is.
Moreover, there is Shane Watson (Australia), Rajin Saleh (Bangladesh), Eoin Morgan (England), Chris Cairns (New Zealand), Abdul Razzaq (Pakistan), Sylvester Joseph (West Indies) and Hamilton Mazakadza (Zimbabwe) who have captained in ODIs only, while George Bailey (Australia), Graeme Swann (England) and Thilina Kandamby and Angelo Mathews (both Sri Lanka) have captained in T20Is only.
In addition to the above, there is a list of 15 cricketers who have captained their countries in the ICC U19 CWC as well as at the highest levels. These players include Mike Atherton, Brian Lara, Lee Germon, Sylvester Joseph, Michael Clarke, Salman Butt, Hashim Amla, Ross Taylor, Tatenda Taibu, Cameron White, Alastair Cook, Brendan Taylor, Kane Williamson, Denesh Ramdin and Mushfiqur Rahim.
England's Michael Atherton, Lee Germon of New Zealand and Brian Lara of the West Indies are the only three cricketers who have captained their countries at the ICC U19 CWC as well as the ICC Cricket World Cup.
The three players captained their countries in the inaugural ICC U19 event in Australia in 1988. Atherton and Germon returned to captain their sides in the ICC CWC 1996 in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, whereas Lara completed the tally by leading West Indies in the ICC CWC 1999 and 2007 in England and the West Indies, respectively.
Germon, who is currently the Chief Executive of the Canterbury Cricket Association, reflecting on his experience of leading New Zealand at two different levels, said: "My leadership skills developed and improved with every leadership opportunity I received.
"The ICC U19 Cricket World Cup tested my captaincy in regard to getting the best out of players in my side with whom I had not played a lot of cricket. It also tested my ability to formulate a plan in response to the skills shown by some very good players at that age."
Ross Taylor, who captained New Zealand in the ICC U19 CWC 2000 and is the current national captain, said: "I think I learnt a lot from the 2000 event and I am now a totally different player and leader. You learn a lot from your mistakes and sure this is what I have done so far."
This year's Under-19 World Cup will be held in Australia from next month.


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DesignInc Adelaide is proud to announce a number of recent promotions.
Joining our existing leadership team of Peter Cove (Associate) Amy Merritt (Associate) and Ben Zoontjens (Associate Director) are new Associates Ben Luppino, Cheryl Vandenberg, Peter Hardy, Jennifer Drake and Craig Tonkin.
The promotions will strengthen the Adelaide leadership team, enabling design and technical excellence through all stages of project delivery and across a variety of sectors.
Our new Associates are highly capable professionals, with significant sector experience cross key industries including education, health, recreation, and defence.The new appointments will strengthen our business and ultimately offer clients a more comprehensive service.
After a rapid period of growth over the past three years, DesignInc Adelaide's new organisational structure now suits the size and complexity of the projects we are delivering. The promotions also demonstrate there are defined career pathways within our practice for talented individuals.
Congratulations Ben, Cheryl, Peter, Jennifer and Craig.
Author: DesignInc Adelaide
Categories: Staff News


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Survey says more corn, less soybeans in 2016
Another planting intentions survey suggests more corn and less soybean acres for the U.S. in 2016.
Farm Futures magazine released the results of a nationwide survey of more than 1,200 growers Thursday–and while tight margins could reduce overall acreage–respondents indicated a 2.3 percent jump in corn acres from 2015 at 90 million.
Following back-to-back record soybean acreage and yields–the survey says farmers will plant 82 million acres in 2016–slightly less than a year ago.
Of the other major cash crops, only white winter wheat and cotton are expected to see increased acreage in 2016 compared to last year.
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Vincent Thunder is a male anthropomorphic wolf and porcupine hybrid. He is Sandra's boyfriend and a close ally.
He is (C) to SandraThePorcupine.
Under construction
Vincent is a sarcastic, joyful and happy-go-lucky teenager. He loves the people who are close to him dearly, but he takes awhile to befriend. Originally seeming to be a jerk to Sandra, they became close friends and started to date each other, as Sandra recently had broken up with Seraph.
Vincent has short green quills and bangs, not dissimilar to Sandra. He has a tan muzzle and tan markings from his chest to part of his legs. He has thunderbolt markings on his face and arms, as well as gold markings on his thighs/feet. He wears a blueish-grey jacket and khakis.
Vincent is proficient with a katana, and he has electrokinesis as well. Most of the electric power is stored in all of the thunderbolt markings on him.
Due to Vincent's sensitivity to music, any triumphant or happy song can make him stronger in battle.
Vincent is very sensitive to music and can be easily influenced by it. While sometimes it might come in handy, whenever in battle a terrifying song plays in his head, he'll go insane and won't do anything but freak out. If a depressing song plays in his head, then his power will be weakened.
If Vincent stores too much electricity within him, he'll be electrocuted.
"All the hype made me want to check out the crime for myself." Vincent talking to Sandra for the first time regarding the murder.
- Sandra the Porcupine (girlfriend)
- Seraph the Hedgehog
- Camilla the Ermine
- Serenade the Cat
- Bentley the Beetle
- Impala the Raven
- Javelin the TigerSnake
- Metal Sandra
- Viola the Hedgehog
- Sabre the Wolf
- Safara the Porcupine
Theme Songs
Music that Influences Vincent's Battle Performance
- Originally, Vincent's name was going to be "Vincent Lightning".
- Both Vincent and Lightning are names of Final Fantasy characters from the two least favourite Final Fantasy games of his creator (Vincent Valentine from VII, Lightning from XIII)


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Be sure to check out WashingtonWire.org throughout the day to monitor breaking news from Capitol Hill. Here are today's top stories on NetRight Nation and other relevant information:
Howard Dean Wants Senate Health Care Bill Killed: The former Governor and DNC Chairman wants the Senate Health Care Bill scrapped.
Time for an Intervention: It's gut-check time, America. The United States Government is hopelessly addicted to spending, and it's time we, the people, staged an intervention. If the citizens of this nation don't rise up and do something about it, the spendaholics in Washington will continue to spiral out of control and drag every last one of us down with them.
Purge the Moderates: A member of the Republican National Committee has proposed a ten-point purity test, of which future candidates will have to pass at least eight to qualify for national backing. Broadly worded ("We support victory in Iraq and Afghanistan by supporting military-recommended troop surges.") and covering a wide range of public policy, the test will be considered when the RNC meets early next year.
Only 40% Support Health Care Plan: Fifty-six percent (56%) of U.S. voters now oppose the health care plan proposed by President Obama and congressional Democrats. That's the highest level of opposition found – reached three times before – in six months of polling.
Be sure to follow us on Twitter!


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KTM has ruled offroad for decades. The special edition SIX DAYS models celebrate this success with special performance upgrades and top-of-the-line components. In 2016 the ISDE (International Six Days Enduro) will be held in Navarra, Spain and the KTM model line-up has been suitably equipped to handle anything the dusty and rocky terrain can throw at it. Arriba!
The KTM 250 EXC SIX DAYS has bodywork with extremely slim ergonomics and excellent contact points between rider and machine. It provides unlimited freedom of movement and has the styling to match this glamorous event.
1-cylinder, 2-stroke engine
249 cm³
66.4 mm
72 mm
Kick and electric starter
Wet, DDS multi-disc clutch, Brembo hydraulics
Chrome-molybdenum steel central-tube frame
WP-USD Xplor 48 with preload adjuster
WP Xplor PDS shock absorber
300 mm
310 mm
Disc brake
260 mm
220 mm
63.5 °
1482 ± 10 mm
370 mm
960 mm
9.5 l
100.5 kg


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Lord of the Flies
Lord of the Flies Chapter 1
Describe the tone and the mood at the beginning of the novel. Find specific passages to support your answers.
Describe the tone and the mood at the beginning of the novel. Find specific passages to support your answers.
The tone and mood in chapter one is filled with wonder and even excitement. Ralph is jubilant at the thought of being on an island with no adults while Piggy is a little more weary about their circumstances,
"Aren't there any grownups at all?" "I don't think so." The fair boy said this solemnly; but then the delight of a realized ambition overcame him. In the middle of the scar he stood on his head and grinned at the reversed fat boy." ch 1
What may the conch being destroyed in chapter 11 suggest? What other symbols are there in the story? What do they mean to the different characters?
Hello Aslan. Could you answer these questions. Urgently!!! I need it because I have presentation in a soon. Thank you. Also you can add me from facebook.com/profile82552276.
Im looking forward hearing from you. Thank you dude.
Hey you need to make this a separate question and submit it.


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Not solely is this book stick squeezed with delightful photos that make it so charming to flip through, be that as it may it takes fairly unprecedented of an approach to manage wedding masterminding. Instead of just focusing on the woman of great importance, it covers each piece of a wedding from family, to friends, to the marriage party. It keeps up a vital separation from the tension that every so often can fly up…"Tips at webdesign Maastricht for your fantasy wedding"
It is often seen that most of the men are mainly concerned that a wedding band will not be comfortable to put on but they can be if they know what they are looking for and the most imperative aspect is the shape of the ring and secondly the width of the unique mens wedding band. If you choose the best men wedding bands you will definitely feel more confident as well as proud to…"The ways to find a comfortable unique mens wedding band:"
More often than not individuals search for some customary wedding bands made in gold silver and precious stone. It's generally made using gold, silver, or platinum, dismissing the way that it can be passed on using some other blend of metals. Have a watchful take a gander at the material which you will wear each other, you ought to just wear rings of an in every way that really matters unclear metal close. You have…"Some Traditional and DesignerUnique men wedding bands:"
In European culture wearing the ring is the symbol of love at the time of the engagement. In this way now the trends are depend upon the diamond rings. These rings will take very high cost. To buy this the savings of the individual person will reduced. But they are all interested to buy this for their love. This will be done once in their lifetime. So the people will not worry about this. At…"Variety of engagement rings in silver"
In the event that you get yourself involved in a German wedding, there are a few traditions and customs of which you ought to know. Some of these are watched across the country and some are seen in specific areas. Furthermore, some may not be seen by any means, particularly among the most youthful era that is of the younger generation. Here's a short rundown of the absolute most regular customs. A common function is…"German Wedding Traditions and Customs"


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RLS Images Photographer
ChristinaMarieBuModel Female Roswell, Georgia, US
Mayhem # 2882665
About MeMy name is Christina Marie, from Marina Del Rey, CA. I am a "Triple Treat" model,actress and dancer and I have recently relocated to Atlanta, GA to pursue a career in The entertainment industry in whichever talent takes me the farthest if not all three :) My interests include staying fit, eating healthy in order to maintain an optimum physique, singing and I am very sociable, and fun-loving. I am open to the various avenues of modeling; I also enjoy exploring new and creative forms of model photography. Im very limited on the TF's i do unless Its with a published and or a well Known photographers. Then I'm in 100%. Please feel free to inquire about my rates
Have you worked with ChristinaMarieBu? Add Credits for ChristinaMarieBu! >>
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ESSENCE Black Women In Music With Lincoln
I headed to Hollywood for another quick, pic trip to attend the ESSENCE Black Women In Music celebration for work on behalf of Lincoln Motor Co. who is the official automotive sponsor. (Can we give it up for this SuakokoBetty dress???!!) via GIPHY This is my 3rd year going (Year 1, Year 2) and this…. CONTINUE READING THIS POST →


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I have been searching whole internet to know how these flowers are made and finally i got it and i did it.
I simply love flower making, moreover its already spring and flower love is at its peak :D
Here's is how i made them!
They simply look adorable..
Newspapers,water colors,Glue and scissor. :)
Steps to make these flowers:1. 4 Newspaper pages stacked together.
2. Make a spiral from the center with the constant width with a pen or marker.
3. How large the Spiral would b depends on how large you want your flower to be.
* i preferred a spiral wit diameter 10 to 15 centimeters.*
4. Starting from the end of the spiral starting folding the paper inwards, first tightly than loose towards the ends.
5. Here u are done, join it with glue at the back end.
6. Now pick the color of your choice and start coloring the edges of the flower.
In the end you get a beautiful paper flower.
These flowers can be made with Fabric, book pages or any good material you have.
Fix it on a hair pin or as gift wrapping flowers or use it as you wish.These simply look fantastic.


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Google, actively on the lookout for acquisitions, is for the first time considering forging alliances with private-equity firms to help it structure deals.
Buyout firms can assist an acquirer by providing needed financing or advice on how a target could be restructured or carved up after a deal closes. While Google may invest cash to get a return on the investment, it may also take part in a deal to acquire an asset, said Don Harrison, mergers and acquisitions chief.
What sort of companies is it interested in buying?
"We apply something called the toothbrush test, which is we ask ourselves, 'Is this something people use once or twice a day and does it solve a problem?' " Harrison said in an interview at the Bloomberg Next Big Thing Summit in Half Moon Bay, Calif.
— Bloomberg News
Adobe Systems, the graphic-design-software maker, reported a fiscal second-quarter profit that exceeded analysts' estimates as subscribers signed up for cloud-computing services at a faster clip.
Profit excluding some items for the period through May was 36 cents a share, San Jose-based Adobe said in a statement. That beat the average estimate of 34 cents that analysts had projected.
Chief executive Shantanu Narayen is in the midst of a drive to sell more of Adobe's design tools as a subscription service via the Web.
— Bloomberg News


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|"Uwe Schindler (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] [Commented] (SOLR-3733) better organization of javadocs in release
|Thu, 20 Sep 2012 15:39:08 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SOLR-3733?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13459681#comment-13459681 ] Uwe Schindler commented on SOLR-3733: ------------------------------------- I created branch /lucene/dev/branches/solr3733/ in r1388080 > better organization of javadocs in release > ------------------------------------------ > > Key: SOLR-3733 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SOLR-3733 > Project: Solr > Issue Type: Task > Components: Build > Reporter: Robert Muir > Attachments: SOLR-3733_links.patch, SOLR-3733.patch, SOLR-3733.patch > > > Just an issue to try to improve the stuff mentioned in SOLR-3690. > Currently there is one directory api/ which is 'all javadocs' > then solrj javadocs are duplicated again under api/solrj > now also test-framework is underneath. > But this isnt very navigable, and these additional folders > (duplicate or not) are hidden behind the index.html on the website. > we can improve this and probably generate a landing page from > the build.xml descriptions etc like Lucene. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. If you think it was sent incorrectly, please contact your JIRA administrators For more information on JIRA, see: http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com
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Despite growing evidence that supports the importance of 6-month exclusive breastfeeding, few Canadian mothers adhere to this, and early weaning onto solids is a common practice. This study assessed infant feeding transitions during the first 6 months postpartum and factors that predicted exclusive breastfeeding to 3 and 6 months.
This prospective cohort study was part of the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition study (APrON). From an initial sample of 600 pregnant women recruited from Edmonton and Calgary, 402 mothers provided complete details at 3 months postpartum; 300 stayed on to provide information at 6 months postpartum. During pregnancy and at 3 and 6 months postpartum, data on maternal and infant socio-demographic, behavior, and feeding were collected.
Even though there was a high rate of "ever having breastfed" (98.6%), exclusive breastfeeding rates for 3 and 6 months were 54.0% and 15.3%, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, the study showed that mothers who held post-graduate university degrees were 3.76 times more likely to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months than those without a university degree (95% CI: 1.30-10.92; p=0.015). In addition, mother of previous children were more likely to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.08-4.52; p=0.031). Mothers who were in the highest quartile of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Score were 4.29 and 5.40 times more likely to breastfeed exclusively for 3 months (95% CI: 1.31-14.08; p-trend<0.001) and 6 months (95% CI: 2.75-10.60; P-trend<0.001), respectively.
The 6-month exclusive breastfeeding rate in Alberta is considerably below national and international breastfeeding recommendations. Professional advice that focuses on prenatal maternal knowledge, attitudes, and misperceptions may promote adherence to World Health Organization breastfeeding guidelines. Knowing that exclusive breastfeeding is less likely to take place among lower-educated, primiparous women may help health practitioners focus their support and education for this group.
Breastfeeding has been shown to be an unsurpassed means of infant feeding that provides many health benefits to both infants [1-9] and mothers [4,10]. Breastfeeding may help prevent chronic diseases and conditions such as childhood obesity [11], type 2 diabetes [12], and asthma [4]. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months confers several health benefits, such as decreased rates of gastrointestinal tract infections and morbidity [13,14]. Breastfeeding mothers may have delayed fertility, lower risk of postpartum bleeding, faster return to pre-pregnancy weight, and decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancers [4,15-17]. The short-term health risks associated with feeding exclusively by formula (i.e., not breastfeeding at all) include increased risk of otitis media and diarrhea [18], increased susceptibility to rare diseases, such as leukemia [4,19], severe lower respiratory tract infections [4,20], and sudden infant death syndrome [4].
In 2004 the Public Health Agency of Canada, the Canadian Paediatric Society, and Health Canada [21,22] endorsed the 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) breastfeeding guidelines that recommend that all infants be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life with continued breastfeeding for 2 years and beyond [14,17]. Although the majority of Canadian women initiate breastfeeding, early supplementation of infants' diets [23-26] means that only a minority of women exclusively breastfeed for 6 months. In 2003, a national Canadian survey reported that 81% of infants were fed solid foods before 3 months of age, and 89% and 100% were fed solids before 5 and 6 months of age, respectively [27]. Other Canadian studies reported that exclusive breastfeeding is commonly practiced among highly educated, multiparous, older women who live with a partner, have lower body mass indices (BMIs), and reside in urban areas [23,24,28]. Other studies identify maternal attitude as a better predictor of infant feeding decisions than socio-demographic factors [29-32]. According to the "Theory of Reasoned Action," an individual's intention to perform a behaviour is the primary determinant of the behaviour [33], which is itself influenced by the individual's attitude toward performing the behaviour [34]. Maternal attitude may be a more suitable focus for study than fixed socio-economic factors [35].
Understanding the predictors of exclusive breastfeeding may assist in the creation of programs that promote breastfeeding exclusivity and may lead to more infants being exclusively breastfed in accordance with the WHO guidelines [23]. Gaps and limitations of previous infant feeding studies, changes over time in infant feeding practices and guidelines [14,17,36,37], and the differences in provincial breastfeeding rates in Canada [23] suggest that more understanding of infant feeding patterns is required. There are no previous Canadian studies that assess the psychosocial determinants of exclusive breastfeeding and infant feeding transitions during the first 6 months postpartum.
The aims of this study were to evaluate in a longitudinal birth cohort a) the transitions in infant feeding practices between 3 and 6 months postpartum relative to the current WHO and Health Canada guidelines and b) the relationship between parental/infant characteristics and exclusive breastfeeding to 3 and 6 months after birth.
This study is part of the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study, the largest on-going Canadian prenatal nutrition cohort study that uses repeated measures over a 4-year period to assess health and nutrition outcomes among pregnant women and their children. (See http://www.apronstudy.ca and Kaplan et al. 2012 for more information on rationale and methods) [38]. During the first phase of the APrON study (May 2009-March 2010), 600 pregnant women from Edmonton and Calgary, Alberta (Western Canada), were recruited through media advertising and contact in maternity clinics. Pregnant women who delivered a baby were followed postpartum. The intake criteria were: 1) resident of Calgary/Edmonton or surrounding areas, 2) reside in the region for at least 6 months, 3) ≤27 weeks gestation, 4) ≥16 years of age, 5) able to speak and write in English, and 6) able to complete consent forms for themselves and their infants.
Of the 600 pregnant women who went through the intake process in the first cohort of the APrON, 470 were followed up with and completed the 3-month infant surveys (response rate=78.34%) (Figure 1). Infants who were healthy (without medical conditions or congenital malformations), singleton, term (>37 weeks gestational age), and with normal birth weight (>2500 grams at birth) were included. Records with inconsistencies, errors, or missing values for infant feeding variables at 3- and 6-month time points were excluded. There remained 402 and 300 infant records available for analyses at 3 and 6 months of age, respectively (Figure 1).
General characteristics (e.g., age, BMI, parity, IIFAS scores, and parental education level) of participants who were included in the final analyses (n=300) were similar to the characteristics of the initial participants (n=600).
The Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Alberta and the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, approved the study. Prior to the study, participants provided informed written consent for their own and their infants' participation.
Several baseline variables collected during pregnancy were considered as possible predictors of exclusive breastfeeding. Parental socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics obtained from self-report questionnaires were: age (in years), marital status, educational level, occupational status, annual household income, household size, birthplace, gravida, parity, chronic disease history, medication use, and pre-pregnancy weight. At the first prenatal visit, trained research staff measured the women's height using a digital stadiometer (Charder HM200P Portstad Portable Stadiometer, USA).
During the third trimester, women completed the IIFAS survey to determine their knowledge and attitudes toward breastfeeding [30]. The scale developer (A. de la Mora) [30] granted permission to use the tool. The IIFAS is a self-report tool composed of 17 items on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree". Items that favoured formula feeding were reverse-coded, and a summative score of all items made up the total IIFAS score [30]. The overall scores were organized into 3 categories: positive to breastfeeding (70–85), neutral (49–69), and positive to formula feeding (17–48) [29,30]. Previous studies that have evaluated the IIFAS, this tool has shown strong internal consistency and adequate construct, content, and predictive validity among a variety of populations [39].
We assessed the reliability (internal consistency) and validity of the IIFAS in this sample of pregnant women. The IIFAS had robust internal reliability (Cronbach's α=0.81) (cut-off point=0.70). The reliability testing showed that all but two of the IIFAS items had positive, significant corrected item-total correlations (>0.2) – "breast milk is lacking in iron" and "a mother who occasionally drinks alcohol should not breastfeed her baby" [30] – and were left in the analyses due to the overall strong reliability of the IIFAS.
At the 3-month postpartum visit, mothers were weighed to the nearest 0.01 kg using digital scales (Healthometer Professional 98 752KL, Pelstar LLC, IL, USA). Infant characteristics such as gender, gestational age, birth weight, number of siblings, birth problems, medical conditions, and feeding behaviours were collected through hospital charts and questionnaires. Infants were weighed at 3 months postpartum through direct measurement. Mothers completed a "Child Food and Liquid Intake" (CFLI) questionnaire at approximately 3 and 6 months postpartum (retrospective recall). The APrON team developed the questionnaire based on 24-hour dietary recalls from Canadian children (S. Atkinson, personal communication) and other large surveys of infants and toddlers [40-42]. A diverse group of health professionals (i.e., dietitians, pediatricians, midwives, nurses, lactation consultants, and public health nurses involved in well-baby clinics and home care) evaluated both the content validity and face validity of the questionnaire. The CFLI included structured questions related to 1) breastfeeding and formula feeding practices and the reasons for breastfeeding cessation (6 questions), 2) the age of initiation of each food item and other infant feeding practices and behaviours (e.g., vitamin/mineral supplementation and feeding on demand/scheduled feeding), and 3) a 40-item qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The infant FFQ was pre-tested in a group of women whose infants were between 3 and 36 months of age (n=10/age group), and the results showed that the tool was able to detect significant dietary changes between each separate age group.
Infants' feeding patterns were classified according to the WHO definitions: "exclusive breastfeeding", "predominant breastfeeding", "complementary/replacement feeding", and "not breastfeeding" [43]. Exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months, which is the primary feeding pattern of interest in this study, is defined as the intake of breast milk (e.g., directly, expressed, or from a wet nurse) without any additional liquids or solid/semi-solid foods [44]; intakes of oral rehydration solution (ORS), vitamins, minerals, and medications in the form of drops or syrups are allowed [43]. Predominant breastfeeding is defined as the intake of breast milk as the primary source of nourishment [43] along with water, water-based drinks, fruit juice, or ritual fluids; ORS, vitamins, minerals, and medications are included in this feeding category [43]. Complementary and/or replacement feeding is defined as an intake pattern that includes breast milk and solid or semi-solid foods [43]. We included the term "replacement feeding" in this category since formula, foods, or liquids introduced during the first 6 months "replace" breast milk rather than "complement" it [45-47].
All statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18.0 (SPSS Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA, 2009). A p-value was set at alpha <0.05 for a two-tailed test. Categorical variables between feeding categories were compared using the Pearson's chi-square, Yates' correction for continuity, or Fisher's exact tests, as appropriate. When normality was confirmed, an independent sample t-test was used to compare continuous variables between the exclusive and the non-exclusive breastfeeding groups. A Mann–Whitney U test was used when normality did not exist. Several variables such as parental ethnicity, place of residence, alcohol consumption, smoking, recreational street drug use, and assisted fertility birth were not evaluated due to heterogeneity and small sample size.
Cronbach's alpha [48] was used to determine the reliability (internal consistency) of the IIFAS. The regression coefficients were used to estimate the probability of exclusive breastfeeding among the IIFAS score quartile categories. Direct logistic regression analysis identified potential determinants of 6-month exclusive breastfeeding. Multi-collinearity between the variables was examined and, although all variables had normal tolerance (> 0.10), variance inflation factors (VIF) for pre-pregnancy BMI and BMI at 3 months postpartum were high (7.849 and 7.853, respectively), and therefore BMI at 3 months postpartum was excluded from future analyses. The direct binary logistic regression models used only significant variables.
The Hosmer-Lemeshow test [49] assessed the practical utility of each logistic solution, and the results were compared to Nagelkerke R2 effect sizes. Final logistic regression analyses on cases (no missing data for IIFAS score, parity, education, and pre-pregnancy BMI) reduced the sample size to 253. Statistical tests indicated that none of the four variables significantly distinguished between cases excluded and included in the regression analysis (Additional file 1).
The characteristics of women in the present study who breastfed exclusively for 3 and 6 months are presented in Table 1. In general, the women were 31 years of age, were married or living common-law (≥97%), had a university education (≥75%), held paid employment (≥80%), had an annual household income of $70,000 or greater (≥82%), and had been born in Canada (≥82%) (Table 1). Similarly, the majority of fathers had a university degree (≥60%) and had been born in Canada (≥83%).
Women who breastfed exclusively for 6 months were more likely than women who did not breastfeed exclusively for 6 months to hold a university post-graduate degree (41.3% vs. 20.5%), to be multiparous (58.7% vs. 37.8%), and to have a lower pre-pregnancy BMI (22.1 vs. 23.0 kg/m2).
In this study, 98.6% of mothers breastfed at some point during the first 6 months postpartum, and 18.3% weaned their infants by 6 months. The prevalence of "exclusive breastfeeding" at 3 and 6 months was 54.0% and 15.3%, respectively (Figure 2). Transitions to the other feeding categories showed an inverse relationship. Instances of "complementary/replacement feeding" rose from 37.6% to 62.3%, non-breastfeeding from 8.0% to 19.7%, and predominant breastfeeding from 0.5% to 2.7% (Figure 3).
By 6 months of age over half (54.7%) of infants received formula and 76.0% were fed other liquids (excluding formula), semi-solids, or solid foods. Between 3 and 6 months 71.0% of breastfed infants had transitioned to solid/semi-solid foods (excluding formula), but there was only a 9.4% increase in "ever formula feeding" (data not shown). Reasons commonly given for discontinuing breastfeeding included: perceived milk insufficiency/breastfeeding problems (50.9%), infants' unwillingness to suck at the breast (16.4%), self-weaning among infants (10.9%), painful/sore nipples or breasts (9.0%), and fatigue (5.5%).
Higher IIFAS scores during pregnancy illustrated the predictive validity of the scores. Higher scores were significantly associated with higher odds of exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06-1.13; p<0.001) and 6 months postpartum (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14; p=0.002). The prevalence of any breastfeeding during the first 3 months (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.12-182; p=0.004) and 6 months (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08-1.47; p=004) was significantly higher among mothers who had higher IIFAS scores (p=0.004) (data not shown). After adjusting binary logistic regression models for potential confounders (i.e., parity, education, pre-pregnancy BMI), women in the highest quartile of the IIFAS score (pro-breastfeeding) were 4.29 times more likely to breastfeed exclusively to 6 months (95% CI: 1.31-14.08) than women in the lowest quartile (pro-formula feeding) (p-trend<0.001) (Figure 4).
Overall, the IIFAS scores for women in this study were in the neutral range (i.e., 49–69) (means (SD): 67.27(7.59). However, the scores for women who breastfed exclusively for 6 months were significantly higher (mean (SD): 70.67 (6.44); range=57-82) than for women who did not (mean (SD): 66.60 (7.63); range=39-83) (p=0.001) (Table 2).
Of the 17 items on the IIFAS, the mean values for 6 were significantly higher among mothers who exclusively breastfed to 6 months than among mothers who breastfed non-exclusively (Table 2). In general, mothers who exclusively breastfed to 6 months were less likely to consider formula feeding more convenient than breastfeeding compared to mothers who non-exclusively breastfed (p=0.04). In addition, mothers who exclusively breastfed for 6 months more strongly disagreed with the statements "women should not breastfeed in public places" (mean (SD): 4.64±0.58 vs. 4.30±0.83; p=0.002) or "formula is a better option for mothers who plan to return to work" (p=0.026) than women who did not breastfeed exclusively. Mothers who exclusively breastfed for 6 months were less likely to believe that "formula is as healthy as breast milk", and they were of the opinion that "mothers who formula feed miss one of the great joys of motherhood" (mean (SD)): 6±1.03 vs. 3.29±1.08; p=0.009) [30]. Overall, 83.3% of mothers who breastfed exclusively to 6 months and 77.1% of mothers who breastfed non-exclusively to 6 months strongly agreed that breast milk is cheaper (data not shown).
Table 3 shows the results of bivariate analyses for the follow-up maternal and infant characteristics in relation to 3-month and 6-month exclusive breastfeeding. Overall, 59.6% of mothers who exclusively breastfed to 6 months and 45.3% who non-exclusively breastfed had normal BMI values postpartum (p=0.049).
Among all infants in this study, 53.2% were male, and the infant mean weight gain during the first 3 months was 2.63 (0.68) kg (SD). Among breastfed infants, 23.3% were given no supplements (including vitamin D). In addition, 58.0% of mothers "always" fed their infants on demand and 33.0% avoided "scheduled feeding" (data not shown).
Table 4 shows the results of direct logistic regression models for potential predictors of breastfeeding exclusivity for 6 months. According to the Wald criterion, three variables made statistically significant contributions to the prediction (IIFAS score, multi-parity, and post-graduate education) and were retained in the final logistic regression model (X2 (5, n=253): 24.50, p <0.001). The logistic regression results did not have convergence problems, and standard errors, as well as bivariate correlation co-efficients, were small.
The final regression model suggested that the odds of 6-month exclusive breastfeeding increased 1.08 times for a unit increase in attitude score (95% CI: 1.02-1.13; p=0.006). Multiparous mothers were 2.21 times more likely to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months (95% CI: 1.08-4.52; p=0.031) than primiparous mothers. Mothers who held post-graduate degrees were 3.76 times (95% CI=1.30-10.92) more likely to exclusively breastfeed to 6 months than women who did not have university education (p=0.015). Although the probability of exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months seemed to be lower among those with higher pre-pregnancy BMIs, this relationship did not achieve statistical significance (p=0.255).
This is the first longitudinal cohort study to report infant feeding transitions and predictors based on a range of potential maternal factors assessed during both prenatal and postnatal periods. A woman's choice to breastfeed exclusively was influenced strongly by maternal education, parity, and attitudes toward breastfeeding. Pregnant women who were in the highest quartile of the IIFAS score were more than 4 times more likely to breastfeed exclusively for 3 and 6 months than those who were in the lowest category. We documented a significant shift in feeding patterns of Albertan infants during the first 6 months of life. The diet shifted from essentially nothing but breast milk, formula, or both for the first 3 months of life to a diet of solid foods as the infants reached 6 months of age. Although almost all Albertan infants were breastfed at some point, about half of them were exclusively breastfed for 3 months and 15.3% for 6 months.
The present study shows that breastfeeding exclusivity was undermined by the introduction of solid/semi-solid foods and infant formula. From 3 to 6 months postpartum, a large proportion of infants were fed formula on a regular basis and a higher proportion were fed semi-solid/solid foods. The WHO recommends that children be breastfed for the six months of life without the introduction of complementary foods. In this study, infants passed from exclusive breastfeeding to complementary feeding/replacement feeding without passing through predominant breastfeeding. However, virtually no data are available to form evidence-based recommendations for the introduction of solids in infants who are receiving exclusively or predominantly infant formula.
A feeding shift that excludes a period of predominant breastfeeding, as reported in this study, is consistent with another Canadian study that suggests that Canadian mothers favour complementary feeding/replacement feeding rather than predominant breastfeeding when the infants are at an early age [50]. Although in this study, water and water-based drinks were introduced frequently to infants, the rare practice of predominant breastfeeding requires that no other foods or food-based liquids be introduced.
It is evident that there is room for improvement in Canadian infant feeding practices. More European infants transition from exclusive breastfeeding to predominant breastfeeding and fewer receive complementary foods including formula during the first weeks of life [44,51-55]. The differences in feeding patterns between European and North American infants may be explained by the more aggressive marketing of infant formula in North America than in Europe, or they may be a reflection of cultural differences between the two regions [50]. Compared to women in other developed countries, women in North America tend to breastfeed for shorter periods [28,56,57]. Why Canadian women engage in such early complementary feeding behaviours is not clearly understood; it may express their intentions to replace breast milk or prematurely wean their infants [45,58,59] or it may represent unresolved feeding problems, all of which contribute to shorter breastfeeding periods [60]. The breastfeeding rates of Albertan mothers in this study are similar to those reported by national Canadian surveys [25,26] and other developed nations [61]. In industrialized countries in general, the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is short, with the notable exception of the Nordic European region [61-64].
While more than 20% of breastfeeding mothers in this study did not provide vitamin D supplements to their infants, about half of exclusively breastfeeding mothers in another national survey gave their infants vitamin D supplements [24]. Exclusively breastfed infants living in Canada who do not take vitamin D supplements are at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as well as rickets [21,65,66]. In Canada, a daily supplement of vitamin D (400 IU) is recommended for all breastfed full-term infants as a way to compensate for minimal exposure to sunlight [21,64,65], to promote health and to prevent deficiency.
More than half of the mothers in this study discontinued breastfeeding because of their perceptions of milk inadequacy or other breastfeeding problems. A perception of milk inadequacy is a commonly cited reason for breastfeeding cessation [67] and may have a strong psychological component that may be rooted in low self-esteem during the early postpartum period [68]. While 1-5% of women in a population may have an insufficient milk supply, as many as 50% of women believe they do [68]. Mothers who overcame breastfeeding problems developed a greater sense of self-efficacy that was associated with continued breastfeeding [69], and future breastfeeding programs should focus on a mother's disbelief in her ability and sense of self-efficacy to breastfeed.
This is the first Canadian study to use the psychometric results of the IIFAS to evaluate women's infant feeding knowledge and attitudes in relation to 6-month exclusive breastfeeding behaviours. In the present study, mothers who had higher IIFAS scores had an increasingly higher probability of 3-month and 6-month exclusive breastfeeding. These results suggest that pregnant women's attitudes toward breastfeeding may be a good indicator of intentions and may shape future infant feeding behaviours. In addition, a large proportion of women in this study had neutral attitudes toward breastfeeding, as did about half the mothers who fed their infants formula during the first 6 months postpartum. A neutral attitude toward breastfeeding during the prenatal period suggests that women's feeding intentions may not be fully formed. This neutrality toward feeding practices may be used by present health professionals as an opportunity to deliver maternal educational programs.
Similar to a recent review [70], this study demonstrated that IIFAS can be a valid and reliable tool to measure infant feeding attitudes among prenatal women. This self-report tool has several advantages over similar instruments, including simplicity, ease of use, simple wording, and applicability to a wide range of groups [70-73]. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the predictive validity of the IIFAS among diverse population groups. Since the IIFAS score was only 3 units higher among mothers who exclusively breastfed compared to those who did not, and the scores were slightly different between mothers practicing exclusive breastfeeding and those who breastfed non-exclusively, future evaluations of this tool in different settings with diverse populations are warranted.
Several international [74,75] and Canadian studies [23,28,76-80] also found that maternal socio-demographic and lifestyle factors determined maternal infant feeding behaviours. Similar to other Canadian studies, the present study found that maternal education was the strongest predictor of breastfeeding exclusivity and that mothers who hold post-graduate degrees are 3.5 times more likely to breastfeed exclusively to 6 months, compared to those without a post-secondary education [23,24,28,80,81]. Maternal education was associated with breastfeeding initiation and continuation as well as with types of liquids and solids fed to infants in studies from Canada [24,28,80,81] and from other countries [31,74,75,82]. Mothers with higher education were more likely to have well-informed infant feeding decisions and were more receptive to positive health messages including the benefits of breastfeeding [23,71].
In the present study, mothers with previous children were more than twice as likely as first-time mothers to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Similar to our findings, previous studies suggested a dose–response relationship between parity, and breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity among mothers of both singleton and twin infants [23,26,36,74,83]. Another study found that first-born children were more likely to be weaned early and introduced to cow's milk and formula early [84]. Multiparous women have higher self-confidence, self-efficacy, and infant feeding knowledge gained through earlier breastfeeding experiences and were more likely to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months [36].
This study has several strengths. This is the first Canadian study to use the psychometric properties present in results from the IIFAS. This is also the first prospective cohort study in Alberta to report on infant feeding transitions and pre- and postnatal predictors of breastfeeding. Another strength of this study is its use of the latest WHO infant feeding definitions [43] to evaluate feeding practices from birth using a prospective cohort design. As well, in this study a short-term recall (3-month interval) was used rather than a long-term recall (up to 5-year interval). The short recall period likely decreased the recall bias and increased the overall reliability of results.
However, limitations of this study should also be noted. First, this study has a recruitment bias; there is an over-representation of mothers from a higher socio-economic status, and this bias may limit the generalizability of the results. Similar problems were reported in other infant feeding studies conducted in industrialized countries due to the possibility of self-selection bias among health-attentive participants who volunteer for these studies [85,86]. Second, the homogeneity of the sample limited our ability to compare attitudes of different cultural and socio-economic groups toward breastfeeding since the groups was comprised of Caucasian women with a high income status. The lack of diversity in our sample resulted in no significant associations between a wide range of parental/infant variables and infant feeding practices. Third, there is a risk that social pressure to breastfeed influenced mothers who are susceptible to that pressure to over-report breastfeeding rates. Finally, this study would have benefited from information on partners' support and attitudes toward breastfeeding.
Despite the high proportion of breastfed infants, only 15.3% of infants were breastfed exclusively for 6 months. Breastfeeding promotion programs in Alberta seem to be successful in achieving high rates of breastfeeding initiation; however, a shift in focus is required to promote breastfeeding exclusivity. Given striking disparities in infant feeding practices across provinces in Canada [23,24], closer scrutiny of infant feeding practices may be required to better understand the determinants of feeding behaviors.
Given that maternal knowledge about and attitudes toward infant feeding are malleable and may be changed through education and behavioural interventions, a good understanding of behavioural determinants is needed to design targeted interventions that address women's misconceptions about formula feeding and milk insufficiency, with a special emphasis on young, first-time mothers. Also, policy makers should be informed of the need to make provision of more nursing rooms a priority to encourage breastfeeding.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests arising from this research.
This study was part of a MSc thesis submitted by MJ to the University of Alberta, Canada. MJ and APF conceptualized the study. MJ analyzed the data. APF guided and supervised the study, assisted in the interpretation of findings, and drafted the manuscript. KM and NDW helped with interpretation of data and final analyses. RCB provided comments on all drafts of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:
Comparison of cases excluded from the regression models due to missing values for any of the potential predictors of exclusive breastfeeding and those included in the final regression models: Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study.
This study was supported by a research grant from Alberta Innovates – Health Solutions (formerly the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research) in Alberta, Canada, and research funds provided to Dr. Anna Farmer by the Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Science and the School of Public Health at the University of Alberta. We are grateful to research assistants, staff, and volunteers of the APrON study (especially Ms. Bailey Adams and Casey Berglund) and also to the participants and their children. We acknowledge the support of Women and Children's Health Research Institute (WCHRI) for assisting us with recruitment. M.J. was partially funded by the Dr. Elizabeth A. Donald M.Sc. Fellowship in Human Nutrition. None of the authors has any personal or financial conflicts of interest.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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New clip from Jack Reacher is about Jack Reacher
7:00 PM on 12.03.2012 // Thor Latham
He's also apparently a very thrifty shopper
While not particularly exciting, this new clip from Jack Reacher makes up for it with some very pertinent information, such as exactly who Jack Reacher is, which is to say, he's like most of Tom Cruise's characters, a bad-ass dude who you wouldn't want to put in a bad mood. There really isn't anything given in terms of plot or motivation, but let's face it, knowing its a Cruise vehicle will be enough for your average movie goer.
What can I say? He's angry face sells tickets.
[The Film Stage via Indiewire]
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February 21, 2017
1:30 pm - 3:30 pm
Location: 303 Conference Room
This is a meeting of the Climate Resiliency Workgroup via conference call. Agenda forthcoming.
Conference Line: 866-299-3188 code: 410-267-5731
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The information on this Calendar regarding Chesapeake Bay Program meetings and events is accurate to the best of our knowledge.


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Netherlands based, automotive chip maker NXP Semiconductors NV (NASDAQ:NXPI) may be up for grabs, media reports said Thursday.
The buyer could be cash-rich, deal-hungry QUALCOMM, Inc. (NASDAQ:QCOM), the US multinational semiconductor and telecom equipment company.
Deal size could be more than $30 billion, according to the Wall Street Journal.
Shares of NXP zoomed 16.88% to $96.12 on hefty volume of 24.42 million shares.
NXP Semiconductors NV (NASDAQ:NXPI) within kissing distance of new 52-week high
The surge in buying interest propelled NXP to near its 52-week high of $98.09 touched in October 2015.
NXP is already the global leader in automotive electronics after it acquired Freescale Semiconductor last year for $16.7 billion including debt.
However, in terms of global semiconductor revenue rankings, it ranks 7th against Qualcomm's third position.
Qualcomm is sitting on a cash warchest of over $31 billion, and investors have been worried that it sat out the party in semiconductor industry M&A that saw about $180 billion in transactions (Bloomberg). If the NXP transaction goes through, all that cash (most of it held overseas) would be put to good use, according to analysts, considering its slowing fiscal revenues due to maturing businesses.
All those factors may ensure that NXP shareholders will likely get a good price for their holdings. Keep in mind that other bidders may throw the hat in the ring, too, for NXP. That could be the icing on the cake.
NXP Semiconductors NV (NASDAQ:NXPI) is a leader in self- and assisted-driving technology
An alliance with Qualcomm will enable NXP to further boost its current global leadership in this area of automotive technology.
"We continue to be really the only company that has gotten the technology design wins in vehicle to vehicle that we believe will be a very fundamental element in a complete autonomous driving solution," said Richard L. Clemmer, President, Chief Executive Officer & Executive Director, on NXP's last earnings call.
Technically, NXP appears to be resurfacing from its price correction that commenced in June this year and appears set to resume an uptrend.


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Hotel Marudhar
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About Hotel Marudhar
Hotel Marudhar located in Pushkar provides 24 hour front desk facility. It is situated at a distance of 2 km from Pushkar Bus Stand. This hotel in Pushkar houses 12 rooms across 2 floors. The rooms are well equipped with various in-room amenities like a chair, comfortable bed and a make-up mirror. Hot and cold water facility is offered.
No of floors: 2 | No of rooms: 12
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Orlando, Florida 32801
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A. Harrison Barnes is a well-known attorney throughout the United States. As a member of the Malibu community, Harrison is committed to serving the needs of Malibu residents and businesses in legal matters.
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ジヨデイ·ピコ一 ; 川副智子[訳]. 川副智子. ; Jodi Picoult; Tomoko Kawazoe
|4152087633 9784152087638
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|630 pages ; 19 cm
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|My sister's keeper.
|Jiyodei Pikō ; Kawazoe Tomoko [yaku].
Conceived to provide a bone marrow match for her leukemia-stricken sister, teenage Kate begins to question her moral obligations in light of countless medical procedures and decides to fight for the right to make decisions about her own body. New York Times bestselling author Jodi Picoult is widely acclaimed for her keen insights into the hearts and minds of real people. Now she tells the emotionally riveting story of a family torn apart by conflicting needs and a passionate love that triumphs over human weakness. Anna is not sick, but she might as well be. By age thirteen, she has undergone countless surgeries, transfusions, and shots so that her older sister, Kate, can somehow fight the leukemia that has plagued her since childhood. The product of preimplantation genetic diagnosis, Anna was conceived as a bone marrow match for Kate -- a life and a role that she has never challenged ... until now. Like most teenagers, Anna is beginning to question who she truly is. But unlike most teenagers, she has always been defined in terms of her sister -- and so Anna makes a decision that for most would be unthinkable, a decision that will tear her family apart and have perhaps fatal consequences for the sister she loves. My Sister's Keeper examines what it means to be a good parent, a good sister, a good person. Is it morally correct to do whatever it takes to save a child's life, even if that means infringing upon the rights of another? Is it worth trying to discover who you really are, if that quest makes you like yourself less? Should you follow your own heart, or let others lead you? Once again, in My Sister's Keeper, Jodi Picoult tackles a controversial real-life subject with grace, wisdom, and sensitivity.
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Heading down there for my first trip over labor day. You guys make it sound like an adventure just getting to the coast from SJ. Been looking at cams for Hermosa etc. and am getting pretty psyched.
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We stayed as 3 couples 4th 5th March 2013. All rooms were clean and comfy and one 405 was much bigger (could sleep 5) than other two. Good quiet location, 15 minutes walk from either Bayswater or Queensway Tube Station. Breakfast was not a good experience for us. The dining room was like in a basement very small for its purpose, and I suspect the kitchen was inadequate for purpose too. The waitresses worked hard but our cooked breakfast took 45 minutes to arrive, mine with 3 eggs and no bacon, they had run out, on the first morning. I complained, got lots of apologies but on the second morning breakfast still took 30 minutes to arrive with some rather strange bacon.
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Magna Newport Gas Grill
Item # WX2-174404
Mfg. Number: 214-A10918L
Magna Newport Gas Grill
Item # WX2-174404
Mfg. Number: 214-A10918L
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MagmaTM Newport Gas Grill. Uses cleaning - burning, propane for portable cooking.
"I'll have my steak medium, OK?" The chuck wagon just rolled in with tasty vittles... ahh, mouthwatering BBQ food!
Grill your favorites, from burgers to hotdogs, on this roomy MagmaTM unit, using cleaning-burning 1-lb. propane (not included) in disposable cylinders. Also adapts to your on-board LPG or CNG system. Requires single mount or dual mount hardware for complete installation.Look:
- Perfect size for 8 large hamburger patties
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- Description: MagnaTM Newport Gas Grill
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How to define the liquid property?
I know in CFX the gas property can be defined in a "RGP(real gas property)" file, but how to define the liquid property in different temperature and pressure?
anyone know? Thank you!
You can either amend the Liquid properties that you are using by clicking on Materials>Liquid Name>Material Properties
Or define a new material with the properties that you want.
Insert>Material>Material Properties
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