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Water for the Recovery of the Climate - A New Water Paradigm
- Godwin Barrett
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1 Water for the Recovery of the Climate - A New Water Paradigm M. Kravčík, J. Pokorný, J. Kohutiar, M. Kováč, E. Tóth 1
2 Authors: Ing. Michal Kravčík, CSc., (1956) completed his studies in Waterworks Construction and Water Management at the Slovak Technical University and worked for the Institute of Hydrology and Hydraulics and the Institute of Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. He is the founder of the People and Water NGO, a holder of the Goldman Environmental Prize and a member of ASHOKA: Innovators for the Public, an international network of innovators who work for public welfare. He is the most prominent representative of the People and Water NGO, which has been awarded the EU- USA Prize for Democracy and Civil Society Development. RNDr. Jan Pokorný, CSc., (1946) completed his studies at the Natural Sciences Faculty at Charles University in Prague. He is the director general of the beneficial society ENKI, a scientific staffer at the Institute for Systems Biology and Ecology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, the co-author of a number of patents, a university lecturer, a member of the international scientific panel of the Natural Resources Commission for the Australian government and a member of the scientific technology panel of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands for Central and Eastern Europe. Ing. Juraj Kohutiar (1961), completed his studies in Waterworks Construction and Water Management at the Slovak Technical University, worked at the Institute of Hydrology and Hydraulics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and at present cooperates as a consultant with the People and Water NGO. Ing. Martin Kováč (1972), completed his studies in Waterworks Construction and Water Management at the Slovak Technical University, worked in the area of protection of the national cultural heritage, was the co-founder and the first director of the National Trust in Slovakia, is a member of international network ASHOKA. At present he works as specialist for anti-flood prevention at the Association of Cities and Municipalities of Slovakia. RNDr. Eugen Tóth (1964), completed studies at the Mathematics-Physics Faculty of Comenius University. He works in the field of information systems with a focus on geographic information systems (GIS) and agricultural land. He cooperates with the NGO People and Water as a project manager. 2
3 Authors: Ing. Michal Kravčík, CSc., RNDr. Jan Pokorný, CSc., Ing. Juraj Kohutiar, Ing. Martin Kováč, RNDr. Eugen Tóth Consultants: Prof. Ing. Rudolf Midriak, DrSc.; RNDr. Václav Cílek, CSc.; PhDr. Gabriel Bianchi, CSc.; Ing. Viktor Nižňanský, PhD.; PhDr. Róbert Kotian; Ing. arch. Radoslav Mokriš; Prof. RNDr. Michal Hnatič, DrSc. Preparation of diagrams and graphs: Ing. arch. Ľubica Mokrišová Photographers: Ing. Michal Kravčík, CSc.; RNDr. Jan Pokorný, CSc.; RNDr. Eugen Tóth Title page illustration: Ing. Stanislav Staško English translation: David McLean and Jonathan Gresty Printed by: Krupa Print, Žilina Publication printed with the financial support of: Municipalia a.s. and TORY Consulting a.s. ISBN: Year of publication: 2007 This publication originated through partner cooperation between the People and Water NGO, the Association of Towns and Municipalities of Slovakia, the community help society ENKI and the Foundation for the Support of Civic Activities. Its completion would have been much more difficult without the support of colleagues and friends from People and Water. 3
4 CONTENTS CONTENTS THE REASON FOR THE FORMULATION AND THE MISSION OF THE NEW WATER PARADIGM WATER AND ITS CIRCULATION IN NATURE The four "environments" of water Water and thermal energy The large water cycle The small water cycle The balance of the water cycle THE ROLE OF PLANTS IN THE CIRCULATION OF WATER AND IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOLAR ENERGY The flow and distribution of solar energy on land Flora, water and the distribution of heat The impact of drainage and the removal of vegetation on the release of heat THE IMPACT OF THE EXPLOITATION OF LAND ON THE CIRCULATION OF WATER Forests Agricultural land Bodies of water Towns THE CONSEQUENCES OF A DECREASE IN THE WATER OF THE SMALL WATER CYCLE The impact of the decrease in the water of the small water cycle on the growth of climate extremes The impact of the decrease in the water of the small water cycle on rising ocean levels The impact of the decrease in the water of the small water cycle on the rise in global tension THE OLD AND THE NEW WATER PARADIGM The old water paradigm The new water paradigm INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE USE OF RAINWATER The conservation of rainwater in our history The principles, methods and advantages of conserving rainwater on land The civil sector The economic sector Public sector institutions Financial costs and the assessment of scenarios CLOSING SUMMARY
5 1 THE REASON FOR THE FORMULATION AND THE MISSION OF THE NEW WATER PARADIGM Things should be made as simple as possible, but not any simpler. Albert Einstein By the expression "paradigm" we understand a set of suppositions, concepts and attitudes of a group of scientists in regards to a particular scientific problem. The term in this spirit is associated particularly with the name of Thomas Kuhn ( ), a professor of the philosophy and history of science. Professor Kuhn dates the beginnings of his theory of scientific revolution to the time when he was preparing his doctoral dissertation. At that time he read Aristotle's Physics, which was, until the time of Isaac Newton, the most authoritative work in the field. Kuhn was shocked by Aristotle's dissimilarity to Newton and by his seemingly incorrect, even incomprehensible logic. However, when he was able to adopt a different method of looking at Aristotle and some of his basic concepts, the book suddenly began to make real sense to him. 1 Kuhn observed with surprise that the term "motion," unlike that of Newton's (and his own) understanding, means in Aristotle's physics not only a change in the position of the object being investigated, but also other changes, such as growth, a change in temperature, healing processes and the like. 2 Just as Kuhn needed to free his mind of conventional ideas in order to understand Aristotle, an understanding of the work presented here may also require a certain distancing from some current popular theories and ways of perception. When, for example, this work speaks about water, so long as it is not specified otherwise, it means not only the water in rivers and in lakes which we can see, but also water in all of its states, forms and occurrences. Water vapor and clouds in the atmosphere are more than only poetic reflections of water in the ground and in open reservoirs. Water in living organisms, particularly in plants, is likewise the subject of our attention. Along with his many works of philosophy and various scientific disciplines, Aristotle also wrote the work Meteorologica. Unlike today's narrow understanding of this scientific field as being one concerned with atmospheric phenomena, Aristotle covers in reference to this topic a broad spectrum of knowledge and concepts about the Earth. What is a "paradigm"? Thinking in conventional ways The possibility of challenging a paradigm Meteorologica is not one of the best works of this brilliant philosopher, but Aristotle's authority from ancient times up to the beginning of the modern age was so great, thanks to his brilliant philosophical work, that hardly anyone dared to challenge him in other 1 Thomas Kuhn, "What Are Scientific Revolutions? from The Probablistic Revolution, Volume I: Ideas in History, eds. Lorenz Kruger, Lorraine, J. Daston, and Michael Heidelberger (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987), 2 ibid. 5
6 fields of knowledge either. The expansion in exploration and new geographical discoveries in the 16th century gradually showed the obvious fallacy of many concepts and statements included in Meteorologica. Aristotle's Meteorologica in this case can serve as an example of a paradigm which ceased to remain valid and which needed to be replaced with a new one which would present a better picture of reality. The theme of this publication is a paradigm about water, that is, a sum of suppositions, concepts and attitudes of different groups in society (not only scientists) about water. Water is a natural subject for a paradigm, even though it doesn't have to be articulated in scientific formulas. Poets have sung of the mysticism of water; philosophers writing at the time of the birth of philosophy in ancient Greece considered water to be one of the foundations of the world. The ocean was, according to Homer, "the father of all gods." 3 Thales of Miletus considered it to be the elemental matter of the world. 4 According to Empedocles and others, water was one of the fundamental elements of the world, along with earth, fire and air. Water as the basis of life and as a purifying medium has been richly represented in the symbols of the world's religions. In the Bible, the original paradise is described as the Garden of Eden, supplied with water from four rivers (the Euphrates and Tigris among them). A person formally becomes a Christian through baptism with water. Hindus, in their desire for liberation, plunge into the Ganges River, and the promised paradise to believers in the Koran also teems with the water of rivers. In the spiritual perceptions of humanity, harmony with water and with its natural circulation is felt as a gift, a goodness or a blessing, and disharmony with it and the extremes of its circulation are considered as a punishment, an evil or a curse. Water is first and foremost a basic element of life. Life, according to present theories, originated in water, expanded to land and without water would cease to exist. Water is also an indispensable component in the history of human civilizations. The greatest human civilizations emerged The mystique of water The rise and fall of civilizations directly around sources of water: the Nile in Egypt, the Euphrates and Tigris in Mesopotamia, the Yellow River in China. Their prosperity depended greatly on their having an abundance of water. Water helped fulfill both the lower and the higher needs of people, provided them with sustenance, protection, energy, transportation, rest, beauty, harmony and inspiration. From history we know of civilizations which successfully developed around fertile land with rich vegetation and an abundance of water. It is possible that many of them, however, brought about their own decline or extinction through the degradation of their sources of water. Today we have become used to seeing archaeologists digging up evidence of ancient, once thriving civilizations in the desert or in the semiarid lands of Northern Africa, the Middle East, Iraq, Iran or in other parts of the world. But it doesn't occur to us that these civilizations possibly died out in a process which is still going on around us today. 3 Homer, Iliad, XIV, Diogenes Laertius: "Thales... designated water as the principle of everything." 6
7 The relationship of civilizations to water has changed over the course of history. In some civilizations water was worshipped. In the 20th century people attempted to confine and subjugate water. Progress in the spirit of the communist slogan: "we command the wind and the rain" was, from the viewpoint of immediate solutions, more effective, but from the viewpoint of sustainability even worse than the worshipping of water. Water cannot be commanded; a more sensitive approach is required. The need for formulating a paradigm is a consequence of the failure of traditional ideas (in this publication, we refer to them as the "old paradigm") to offer lasting, sustainable solutions to some of the burning questions of water resources and water circulation. The paradigm formed slowly in the environment of a civic association concerned with the scientific and practical aspects of these questions. The first reports were published in the early 1990s. 5 Its origin was accompanied by a gradual examination of the knowledge acquired through long years of practice and by the broadening of our knowledge base. Its publication is an expression of the concern and care of a group of citizens interested in public affairs. It is assembled with the objective of reassessing the present unsatisfactory approach to water and the water cycle. This work is not founded on new, revolutionary knowledge; its newness arises more from thinking through existing knowledge to its logical consequences. Despite this fact, we are convinced that it is a pioneering work, that it fundamentally changes water-management practice and The need for a new paradigm A different angle of view may be a great inspiration for further research and for the scientific community. Scientific research programs and materials have engaged with climatic changes for many years now around the world, and they have extended over a rather large range. They reduce the whole process of these changes, however, almost exclusively to the question of so-called greenhouse gases. Many scientists themselves, in numerous works, state that the connection of the hydrosphere or changes in the water (hydrological) cycles with climate changes is great but has so far been insufficiently studied. 6 While attention thus far has focused on the impact of climate changes on the water cycle, 7 the altered paradigm recommends concentrating attention on the impact of changes in the water cycle on climate changes. If the alternative view presented in this publication is correct, it opens the possibility of a constructive solution to many of the problems associated with climatic changes. The plan for saturating the small water cycle through the conservation of rainwater on land is, from the point of view of the authors of this publication, a revolutionary solution to the given problems. 5 For example, The Principles of Water Management Policies and Proposed Measures An Alternative Proposal, Water for the Third Millennia, Slovak River Network, Košice, For example, Prof. RNDr. Milan Lapin, CSc., "A Brief Theory about the Climatic System of the Earth," particularly in connection with changes in the climate; modification of the professor's inauguration speech from 20 September 2004, Internet 7 For example, European Commission, Climate Change Impacts on the Water Cycle, Resources and Quality; Brussels, September 2006, Conference Proceedings, Scientific and Policy Report, EUR
8 In addition to this introduction and the concluding chapter, which Content of summarizes the message of the publication and the new paradigm, the the chapters work is divided into a number of additional chapters. Chapter Two briefly introduces us to the four "environments" of water and to the mechanisms of the large and small water cycles and the balance of energy in them. It briefly mentions the water balance and also points out the great significance of seemingly minute changes to it. Since water and vegetation play a decisive role in the transformation of solar energy falling on the earth's surface and is clearly involved in the water cycle of a country, Chapter Three deals with these important relations it describes the flow of solar energy between the Sun and the Earth, the distribution of solar energy on land, the ability of the biomass to transform solar radiation into other forms of energy, as well as the importance of evaporation from the ground and from plants for the distribution of heat in ecosystems and the consequences of drainage and removal of vegetation in freeing up heat on land. Chapter Four clarifies the history and impact of the exploitation of land on changes to the runoff rates of water from land and also implies an association with some negative phenomena, not the least of which is soil erosion. Chapter Five addresses changes to the temporal and spatial breakdown of precipitation activities through the influence of human beings and the impacts of these changes not only on local and global climates but particularly on the rise in extreme weather events. We dissect in this chapter the reason for rising ocean levels from an angle and with an emphasis that are different from those which the reader is commonly used to seeing. We also fleetingly touch on the unhappy expectations of world society regarding further development of the mentioned changes and their impacts on the growth of global tension and the destabilization of life on Earth. The essence of this publication is then found in Chapter Six, which, after a brief recapitulation of present attitudes towards questions of water management and their impacts, summarizes the new attitude towards water in the new water paradigm. In addition to proposing a new "culture" in our attitude towards water, it proposes a method of mitigating or redressing the greatest damage caused by current water management practices on land. Chapter Seven opens with a short historical look at some aspects of land and water management in our geographic space. It contains an outline of practical measures for the harvesting of rainwater on land, a description of possible, or proposed processes which will emerge from acceptance of the new water paradigm for public sector institutions as well as for the civil and commercial sectors. Last but not least, this chapter offers a picture of the financial costs and effectiveness of the proposed new processes and measures in comparison with current approaches. Mistakes that people make with strategic decisions or at the beginning of a great work can have long-term and far-reaching negative consequences. A distorted view on a problem can often lead to Ideas have consequences counterproductive measures. That's why knowledge of the correct paradigms is important in many fields of public policy. This knowledge is no small matter, and people often reach it using a method of trial and error which can sometimes be very expensive. We are witnesses to the fact that the problems of water and its circulation are solved on all levels: the international, the national, the regional, the local, the communal and the individual. The offered paradigm for water is relevant to each of these levels because it puts them in 8
9 a continuum and in each, water in all its forms and expressions is a question of prosperity and decline, even of life and death. As far as the management of water on the state level is concerned, the key processes are creating strategic policy decisions, defining legislative instruments and determining the different authorities and responsibilities of state administration and local government, as well as a system of using financial resources for the protection, creation and utilization of water resources. The state at present supervises and looks after the realization of all the mentioned matters as well as other affairs. If, however, its attention and measures are not aimed at achieving a permanently sustainable water balance on the territory of the state, including water balances on the territory of regions, towns and communities, the state, in the sense of this new paradigm, is acting irresponsibly towards the property and health of its own citizens, even towards the international society of nation states. Local governments are responsible for the development of their own communities. The care for water on the level of local administration is a key to the happiness of citizens and the health and safety of the environment. Towns and municipalities need to resolve effectively and as soon as possible the protection of their land from flooding, drought and fire, and at the same time secure an abundance of quality water for maintaining development of the community. The development of municipalities is thus dependent on a sufficiency of water and a stable water regime which does not threaten the well-being of the community. The development of municipalities must also be built on the principle of water tolerance, i.e. carrying out on the local level management of water resources which does not contribute to the increased threat of neighboring communities. Recognition of the possible impacts of the local influences of humanity on wider connections, even on global changes in the water cycle, creates a foundation for successful, professionally and effectively manageable solutions on the local level according to the well-known principle of "think globally, act locally!". Sustainable solutions on the local level contribute to stability on the regional, continental and global level. The submitted paradigm offers sufficient inspiration for both global thinking and local action. Some business entities are engaged in trading with water and satisfying the economic, social and environmental needs of society. If they use water from natural sources and do not return it to the water cycle, however, they cause a deficiency of water and grave negative changes in The role of the state The role of local government Doing business with water this cycle. They often, in the end, do harm both to their customers and themselves. This new paradigm for water therefore opens up space for businesses to strengthen their own interest in the conservation and renewal of water in the water cycle. At present, the individual is placed in the position of consumer of water Possibilities and for the most part is neither aware of his own share of responsibility for for the protection of water nor of the possibilities or threats which water individuals (or the lack of it) may bring. And yet each roof and each yard of a family home is a microwatershed on which the annual sum of precipitation represents a 9
10 surprisingly large volume of water. Water is an asset which the individual citizen can use to improve his own life in a variety of ways. He can also, however, without any profit and for a fee, flush it into rivers and into the sea and thus slowly contribute to the desertification of his own environment and microclimate and, in time, to macroclimatic changes. The new water paradigm makes this choice a conscious one. The publication of the paradigm is, in the opinion of its authors, a step towards a responsible approach and greater critical thinking with no intention of offending anyone associated with the "old paradigm" or hurting anyone associated with the changes that could result from the The common good change in paradigm. The new paradigm should be accepted in the spirit that it is offered. The authors provide an independent view on the global scenario of the circulation of water with its effects on a continental, national, regional or town level, so that this knowledge will contribute to the common good. The acceptance of the paradigm, besides other suggested activities, ultimately means the acceptance of a new higher culture in relation to water and thus also a total overhaul of the cultural character of our civilization. In the end result, it's about much more than just water. 10
11 2 WATER AND ITS CIRCULATION IN NATURE Now the sun, moving as it does, sets up processes of change and becoming and decay, and by its agency the finest and sweetest water is every day carried up and is dissolved into vapour and rises to the upper region, where it is condensed again by the cold and so returns to the earth. Aristotle, Meteorologica Thales of Miletus considered water to be the prime matter of the world. Empedocles and some other ancients, but also later Medieval and Renaissance thinkers, considered it a prime matter of the world along with earth, fire and air. In this chapter we "set the stage" for water, and we sketch out a mechanism for its interaction with the other mentioned "basic elements" during its circulation in nature. 2.1 The four "environments" of water There are around 1400 million cubic kilometers of water on Earth. When we speak about water in this document, we have in mind water in four "environments": water in the seas and oceans, water on land, water in the atmosphere and water in living organisms (tab. 1). At the same time we have in mind water in all of its states: gaseous, liquid and solid. The environments of water Water of the "first environment," that is, in the seas and oceans, covers 70.8% of the surface of the Earth and forms the largest part, up to 97.25%, of the volume of all water on Earth. The seas and oceans have a Water in the oceans key global thermoregulational function for our planet. Their temperature in the course of a year changes only minimally. If they were not here, however, fluctuations of extreme temperatures (such as occur, for example, on the moon) would afflict our planet, which would then be unable to sustain life on Earth as we know it. And only slightly larger fluctuations of temperature, in comparison with the present, could have fatal consequences on the food security of our planet. Among other functions of the seas and oceans, the supply of precipitation to land will be of especial interest to us in this publication. Our image of water in the "second environment" of land is often distorted and fixed only on water in rivers, or perhaps in natural and Water on land artificial reservoirs. Water in its solid state (glaciers, snow), however, forms 2.05% of the volume of all water on Earth and contains up to 70% of the world's reserves of fresh water (tab. 2). Alongside this water, visible surface water in rivers forms only % and in lakes (inclusive of salt lakes and inland seas) 0.01% of the volume of all water on Earth. Groundwater and soil moisture represent, alongside the oddly 11
12 placed glaciers, the largest wealth of water on land (0.685%), exceeding the volume of water in all rivers and lakes of the world many times over. Water in the soil is, in terms of amount and usefulness, more important than water in rivers. This undiscovered and misunderstood treasure is, however, overlooked and neglected, and as a result, decimated. This publication is particularly concerned about its improvement with the help of water from the "third environment." The volume of water in the atmosphere (in all three states) is approximately ten times greater than the volume of all the water in all rivers. Theoretically, if all the water in the atmosphere were to suddenly fall in the form of precipitation, it would cover the surface of the earth with an imaginary layer of water 25 mm in depth. Just as the seas and oceans hold the key to the global thermoregulatory function for our planet, the water in the atmosphere has a key role to play in local thermoregulation. Water surrounds us. It is, however, not only around us but inside of us, too. Water in living organisms, that is, in the "fourth environment," forms approximately % of the volume of all water on Earth, Water in the atmosphere Water in the biota which is in terms of volume the least of the four environments. But what is missing in volume is greatly made up for by the fundamental importance of this water for every individual form of life. The human body, for example, contains more than 60% water and all physiological processes in it take place in an environment made up primarily of water. The content of water in plants differs according to the species and is often much higher than in animal tissues. The volumes of water accumulated in vegetation are not insignificant, equally the volumes of water accumulated in the soil thanks to the existence of vegetation. Vegetation on land has, besides other functions, a hugely important role particularly in the regulation of evaporation from the ground, thus significantly helping maintain the thermal stability on land upon which its own success, even its existence, is greatly dependent. All higher forms of life on Earth are dependent on the existence and prosperity of vegetation. 12
13 Tab. 1 The allocation of stocks of water on Earth 8 Reservoir Volume of water (in millions of km 3 ) As a percent of the total Oceans and seas Icebergs and glaciers Groundwater Lakes Soil moisture Atmosphere Rivers Biosphere Total global reservoir of water Tab. 2 Area of continents, oceans, deserts and glaciated territory and the number of inhabitants on the continent 9 Area in km 2 glaciated land in km 2 mean height of continents in m above sea level Area of desert over 20,000 km 2 in km 2 Number of residents in mil. (year 2000) Continents as a whole Europe Asia Africa North and Central America* South America Australia and Oceania Antarctica Oceans Average depth of the oceans in m Pacific Atlantic Indian Arctic Sea Earth in total * including Greenland, which despite political and historical associations with Denmark and Europe, geographically belongs to the North American continent. Its glaciated territory totals 1,802,600 km 2 ** the glaciated area of the Alps totals 3,600 km Various encyclopedia resources 9 Source: and other encyclopedia resources 13
14 2.2 Water and thermal energy Water is exceptional in the fact that at temperatures common on Earth it can occur naturally in all three states: solid, liquid and gaseous. Upon its change of state it consumes, or frees, a certain amount of thermal energy. By the change from solid or liquid forms into water vapor it acquires a high mobility, thanks to which relatively large volumes are able to quickly shift in horizontal and vertical directions. Water has at the same time also the largest measured heat capacity (that is, the ability to absorb thermal energy) of all known substances. Thanks to this ability to bind and to release energy, as well as the ability of transfer, reflect or diffuse energy, water in all its states can cool or heat the planet as needed. It maintains it at such temperatures which make life on Earth possible. Water balances the thermal extremes between day and night, between the individual seasons and between individual regions while at the same time tempering extremes in the weather. Water vapor is the most widespread greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. 10 Its concentration in the atmosphere is quite variable, but it typically fluctuates between 1-4% (by comparison, the concentration of CO 2 is %). The more water there is in the atmosphere, the stronger its moderating effect on temperatures and the fewer the deviations in the weather. The less water there is in the atmosphere, the weaker its moderating effect on temperatures and the more extreme the deviations in the weather. Where water is lacking in the soil and in the atmosphere, extreme thermal conditions usually predominate. Water and water vapor influence in the most significant way the climate on Earth. Despite this fact, its role in the atmosphere is one of the least researched and rarely discussed questions. 11 Falling solar radiation evaporates water from seas, lakes, rivers, wetlands, soil and plants into the atmosphere. The evaporation of each molecule of water consumes heat and thus cools the Earth's surface. Evaporated water in the atmosphere condenses and forms clouds, fog, The absorption or freeing of heat The balancing of temperatures The cooling funtion of rain water precipitation or ice crystals. Water vapor which rises higher into the atmosphere condenses under the influence of the cold air and thus releases thermal energy. Cooled high in the atmosphere, it returns back to the ground in the form of rain. The repetition of this process represents the acting mechanism for the elimination of surplus thermal energy and resembles an ingenious piece of cooling equipment. It is usually true that roughly half of the Earth's surface is at any given time shadowed by cloud cover. Clouds limit the entry of solar radiation into the atmosphere and onto the surface of the Earth. The limiting of the solar radiation that falls on the surface of the Earth decreases evaporation and thus the further formation of clouds. 10 See, for example: "The Climatic Effects of Water Vapour," Feature: May 2003, 11 See, for example: "Water Vapour Supplies New Climate Clues," August 2002, 14
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'Top Secret' Elmo Is Out of the Box
Wednesday, September 20, 2006
A decade after Tickle Me Elmo first incited consumer frenzy with his infectious giggle, the furry red creature with the toothless grin is back and laughing harder than ever.
The new T.M.X. Elmo -- the "X" standing for the toy's 10th anniversary or "extreme" -- was unveiled yesterday on "Good Morning America" and promotions at Wal-Mart and Toys R Us. The toy had been shrouded in secrecy, part of a marketing campaign to generate buzz. Retailers were required to buy the product sight unseen, and the 40 people privy to its development had to sign confidentiality agreements. Even Elmo's box is stamped "Top Secret."
"Everybody asks me . . . 'What's the next Tickle Me Elmo going to be?' " said Neil Friedman, president of Mattel Inc.'s brands division, which owns Fisher-Price, the toy's manufacturer. "This is in fact, the next Tickle Me Elmo. It's 10 years later and 10 years better."
The launch marks the unofficial start of the holiday toy wars. About half of all toy sales occur between October and December, according to Anita Frazier, an analyst for consumer research firm NPD Group Inc. She projected holiday toy revenue at about $11 billion.
Elmo has long been among the season's top sellers. Last year's version grooved to the song "Shout." Others have done the chicken dance and the hokeypokey. But none has inspired the craze that surrounded the original Tickle Me Elmo, released in 1996 by Tyco Toys, which Mattel later bought.
The new Elmo is not really made for cuddling, though its box says it is suitable for children 18 months and older. Under its fur, it has a hard, mechanical body that bends and rolls into a ball during fits of laughter. Tickle its feet, stomach or chin and it slaps its knee (or where its knee would be if it had one), doubles over, falls on its back and kicks its legs before breathlessly rising, begging for more.
"Again! Again!" it says.
KB Toys Inc. sells the toy for $39.99, and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. prices it at $34 to $39.97, according to officials at both companies. Friedman said initial reports showed strong sales, and he expects Elmo to be among the top 10 holiday toys. It was out of stock on Wal-Mart's Web site but going for as much as $305 on eBay yesterday evening.
"It will be the toy of the year," said Ernie Speranza, chief marketing officer for KB Toys. "I'll give you a better one. I think it'll be the toy of the decade. How's that?"
The company hopes T.M.X. Elmo will restore some of the toy's original cachet. It was designed not to be too high-tech -- no iPod hookup or media player, Friedman said -- and reminiscent of the original.
Mattel has been planning its launch and development for the past year and a half and is not anticipating shortages, he said.
At the KB Toys in Silver Spring's City Place Mall, 6 of 12 of the toys in stock were sold by noon yesterday and two more were on hold. One woman, who declined to give her name because she was supposed to be at work, tickled its stomach and declared it hilarious.
"Go Elmo, go Elmo, go Elmo," she said as the toy rolled on the table, laughing.
Ellie Childers of Fairfax stopped in to buy her 6-year-old grandson a toy car and walked out with a T.M.X. Elmo for her 8-year-old grandson's birthday today. She said Elmo sort of reminded her of her grandson.
"This is what children do," she said. "They laugh; they fall down. . . . It's very much a child."
Not everyone was enamored. Greg Allen, of the blog http:/
"Ten years, and this is all they can come up with? A doll that still only does one thing: waves his arm and falls on the ground?"

subset: commoncrawl


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Noah's Ark
Fashion Necklace - Handmade Coin Bib Necklace
Have some fun styling this Coin Bin handmade necklace! Each necklace features an ornate sheath of brass coins and delicate beads -- perfect for adding some boho flair to your wardrobe!
- Brass
- Artisan: Noah's Ark
- Our handmade fashion jewelry necklaces make great gifts too.
Sitara Collections® is connected with a number of Organizations within India which work to bring employment to artisans and keep alive traditional skills.
You can feel good about your purchase as we give back to the Sitara Foundation, a 501 (c)3 charitable organization, supporting artisans and the SVV School for Children in India. It's our way of adding a little love to every purchase.
The handcrafted touch of artisan skill creates variations in color, size and design. If buying two of the same item, slight differences should be expected. Shop our handmade fashion jewelry necklaces today.
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Lemon Poppy Seed Muffins
Recipe by Dine Dish
These moist and delicious muffins are sure to be a hit at your next ladies brunch or tea!
Top Review by pinkro
I love this recipe, made it three times so far. They do rise nicely actually (I've posted a pic), and I do feel for every poster who got flat or sunken tops. Whoever braves baking deserves stellar results, for baking is not for the faint of heart.
Here's what I think:
I don't know how essential the eggs' temperature is (frankly, I never take the time to pre-warm the eggs; by the time they're mixed with the fat and sugar or beaten fluffy they're not going to be that cold anyway). But:
A. When the recipe says in steps 6, 7 and 9 "With the mixer on low speed", "Beat just until smooth" etc, etc., keep in mind that muffin batter needs to be mixed very, very little, so the dry ingredients are just moist. To me that means no mixer for mixing, but a wooden spoon, and "mixing" means lifting up and down with the spoon through the batter about 5 times, not more (5 turns for the dry ingredients, 5 for the yoghurt, etc) until the batter is barely mixed. Beat it more than that, and the wheat gluten will do something funny (resulting in dense muffins), the air from the beaten egg whites (that's supposed to make the muffins fluffy) will go wasted, etc.
B. Try mixing the baking powder with lemon juice before adding it to the batter. It will foam a lot, and that's exactly what it's supposed to do.
As one of my friends says, baking is a completely different beast compared to regular cooking. It's a bunch of chemical reactions, so you need to be careful with the amounts, the mixing, and temperatures. Nothing like that in soup or steak. :-) Here's to great, fluffy muffins!
See Discussion:93 Reviews 10 Tweaks
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1⁄2 cup sweet creamy butter, softened
- 2⁄3 cup sugar
- 2 large eggs, separated
- 1 1⁄3 cups flour
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- 1⁄2 teaspoon baking soda
- 2 tablespoons poppy seeds
- 2 lemons, zest of, grated
- 1⁄4 teaspoon salt
- 1⁄2 cup buttermilk or 1⁄2 cup plain yogurt
- 2 tablespoons lemon juice
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
Directions See How It's Made
- Preheat oven to 350°F Coat muffin tin with nonstick cooking spray.
- In a large bowl, cream the butter and sugar until fluffy.
- Add the egg yolks, one at a time.
- Beat well after each.
- In a separate bowl, stir together the dry ingredients, poppy seeds, and lemon zest.
- With the mixer on low speed, add the dry ingredients to the creamed mixture, alternating two times with the buttermilk, then lemon juice, and then vanilla.
- Beat just until smooth.
- In another bowl, beat the egg whites until soft peaks form.
- Gently fold them into the muffin batter until blended.
- Spoon the batter into the prepared pan, 3/4-full.
- Bake at 350°F for 20-25 minutes or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
- Cool for 5 minutes before removing to cool completely.
- I sometimes sprinkle the muffin mixture with sugar prior to putting in the oven just to add a little extra sweetness.


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Architecture (3205 items)
Welcome back! Whilst you were away we added the functionality to view auctions and bid in pounds.
Architecture: Information on the Catawiki site about Dr. H.P. Berlage bouwmeester, 1925.
At its heart, Catawiki is an online catalogue with images of, and information on, collectibles. Our catalogue is compiled by users in a similar way to Wikipedia.


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Tannhauser was a moon of the planet Osiris of the White Sun system. The moon boasted an experimental "core-siphon" system that was designed to extract energy from a planet's internal processes.[1]
- Tannhäuser was a German poet.
- The name could refer to the quote from "Blade Runner.
- Batty: I've seen things you people wouldn't believe. Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion. I watched C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhauser gate. All those moments will be lost in time... like tears in rain... Time to die.


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My sister picked the Creole Inn because it was modestly priced, but truly we had first class treatment by Kim and Charlie who take care of the Inn. Love the historic home, location and just relaxing in the backyard after a day of seeing the New Orleans sights. Enjoyed where locals shop and eat just within a few short blocks from the Creole Inn. Definitely will stay again when traveling to New Orleans and truly it's Kim and Charlie that made our stay very special. Thank you!
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Travelocity, Orbitz, HostelWorld, Hotels.com and HotelQuickly so you can book your Old Historic Creole Inn reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Old Historic Creole Hotel New Orleans


text:
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"The Fashions of the Day, or Time Past and Present, Respectfully dedicated to the Fashionable Editors of La Belle Assemblé, Le Beau Monde &c. &c.", an 1807 caricature engraved by Charles Williams after a drawing by Woodward, which presents an (exaggerated) contrast between "The Year 1740: A Lady's full dress of Bombazeen" (i.e. bombazine or bombasine, a heavy corded fabric) and "The year 1807: A Lady's undress of Bum-be-seen:
Note that "undress" didn't mean anything naughty -- there's a definition of it here.[1] In pursuing his goal of satirizing certain features of contemporary 1807 fashions, the caricaturist did not really draw a fair comparison between the styles of 1740 and 1807, since a young Regency fashionable is juxtaposed here to a sedate middle-aged pre-Regency lady (perhaps in mourning), and such features of mid-18th century dress as tight stiff stays with extremely low necklines were not included (also, the "1740" costume actually seems to be somewhat of a pastiche with 17th century styles).
(Women's fashions of the Empire/Regency weren't always "sensible", but their excesses do seem to be more in accord overall with the spirit of the 21st century than the fashion excesses of most other periods between the 16th century and World War I, which tended to go in for such things as huge hoopskirts and tight corsets...)
Bibliographic information found on the Library of Congress site:
TITLE: The fashions of the day, or time past and time present / Woodward delt. ; W. sculpt.
CALL NUMBER: PC 3 - 1807--Fashions of the day ... (A size) [P&P]
REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-59625 (b&w film copy neg.) No known restrictions on publication.
SUMMARY: Print shows a woman from "the year (1740) a Ladys full dress of Bombazeen", wearing a dark, padded, armor-like dress contrasted to a woman from "the year (1807) a Ladys undress of Bum-be-seen" wearing a light, revealing, diaphanous dress.
MEDIUM: 1 print : aquatint, hand-colored.
CREATED/PUBLISHED: [London] : Published by Walker, No. 7 Cornhill, 1807 Nov. 2d.
CREATOR: Woodward, G. M. (George Moutard), ca. 1760-1809, artist.
NOTES: Title from item. "Respectfuly Dedicated to the Fashionable Editors of La Belle Assemblée - Le Beau Monde &c &c." Forms part of: British Cartoon Collection (Library of Congress).
- Dresses--1800-1810.
- Dresses--1740.
- Women--Clothing & dress--England--1800-1810.
- Women--Clothing & dress--England--1740.
FORMAT: Then & now comparisons 1800-1810. Satires (Visual works) British 1800-1810. Aquatints British Hand-colored 1800-1810.
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3b07367 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b07367
|This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3b07367.
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Modern Baseball Is One of the Hardest-Working Young Bands in America
Modern Baseball performs with Joyce Manor and Thin Lips this Saturday, July 2 at Revolution Live in Fort Lauderdale.
Photo by Jessica Flynn
If the phrase "pop-punk" brings to mind youngsters with tube socks on their arms and bubblegum slack-rock issuing from punchable faces (looking at you, Tom Delonge, wherever you are), it may be time for a terminology update. The new generation of catchy scream-along rock is poignant, unreserved, and, perhaps most surprisingly, ambitious.
Case in point: Philly's Modern Baseball, the house-show vets whose 2014 album You're Gonna Miss It All was a surprise chart success, peaking at the 97th slot on the Billboard 200. In its first week out, the group's newest — and most mature — effort, Holy Ghost, has already hit #53, even garnering attention from the New York Times, the BBC, and other media outlets.
For the last three years, Modern Baseball has consistently overachieved on the back of love-drunk, air-drum-inducing earworms and a tireless work ethic, managing to jam a relentless touring itinerary into the margins of the bandmates' college schedules — and that's not even all.
"We like to keep busy," says lead guitarist and part-time vocalist Jake Ewald. "We all play in other bands, and we all even do some nonmusical stuff when we're at home."
The frequent touring, Ewald says, "can get a little bit unnerving at times." But it's less about the rigors of show-a-day life and more a problem of downtime. "I start to feel unproductive after a while. Like I just haven't done anything except play songs every day and drink a bunch of coffee."
As of this spring, they've all completed their degrees, but the band has yet to take a breather. "Right before this tour, we did another tour of Europe and Australia and the UK, and right before that, I got my diploma in the mail," Ewald says.
When it takes the stage at Revolution on July 2, Modern Baseball will be making its 14th Florida appearance in the last three years. "On the first package tour we played, we got down there and played the Talent Farm, and we were just one of the opening bands," recalls Ewald of his first South Florida show in 2013.
"That was the first time we ever finished playing a show and had, like, a line of people in the parking lot who wanted to take pictures with us and have us sign things," he says, before quipping, "That's when we knew we were destined for greatness."
That sense of humor has been something of a calling card for the band, but it's made room for more serious matters on Holy Ghost. One ghost who looms large is Ewald's grandfather, a minister in the United Methodist Church, whose 2012 death from leukemia has had a lasting effect on his family.
The album, which is split into halves by the two lead singers, Ewald and Brendan Lukens, opens with Ewald droning over a lonely arpeggio, "He's been haunting my dreams at night / I've been bleeding from tripping in the dark / trying to turn on the light."
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For his half of the record, Ewald says he was thinking less about the immediate facts of his grandfather's death than "the domino effect it had on my family in the years that followed."
If Ewald's loss is rueful, the loss Lukens discusses in his lyrics — of an anguishing inner force — seems welcome. Lukens, who was diagnosed with bipolar disorder last year after entering treatment for drug and alcohol abuse and suicidal thoughts, has been open about his struggles with addiction and mental illness.
When the tightly wound "What If..." drops out into Lukens' hushed final lines, "Seeking out the fraud in me / with compassion and honesty, I'll wait," it's like a guitar string snapping, the tension of the lyrics' overstimulated self-confrontation unfurling overtop a dying party scene.
Sounding like a reluctant admission of exhaustion, it's an honest Behind the Music-like glimpse at one of the hardest-working young bands in America.
Modern Baseball
With Joyce Manor and Thin Lips. 7 p.m. Saturday, July 2, at Revolution Live, 100 SW Third Ave., Fort Lauderdale. Tickets cost $19. Visit jointherevolution.net.
Related Location
100 SW 3rd Ave.
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33312-1773
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$ 45.00
Big Golden Birthday Star Sparkler Wands! Packaged in festive card stock, a wrap-around birthday theme, and a special birthday message. Sparkle candles are great for gifts, birthday cakes, wrapping embellishments, or thank you cards.
Includes set of 6 assorted Big Golden Star Sparkler Wands. Also available as letters and numbers.
8" tall
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|2,640 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|2 nights
Located 193 miles from Raleigh, NC; 4 miles from the quaint village of Blowing Rock, and 7 miles from Boone - this sanctuary is the place for walks through the fern woods, rocking on the wraparound porches, lingering in the hammock or inside jacuzzi under the stars from the 2 large windows; reading from the library downstairs, journaling, or crafting - cooking inside or out in the spacious kitchen or balcony on the gas stove or grill, sitting by the fireplace or mindlessly listening to Tweetsie's dim whistle through the fog on a romantic evening while the kids entertain themselves playing games downstairs. This is a beautiful, quiet, comfortable oasis with a waterfall and wraparound porches. Please see directions to cabin for ease of travel there!! The driveway is steep and I would recommend 4 wheel drive.
I am a retired hospice nurse out of Raleigh, NC. I built the house in 2006 - even did the chinking myself! I lived here for a few short monthes then moved back to Raleigh to be close to friends and family. The cabin was built to hold laughter, joy and peace - it's name is Angel's Roost and it lives up to it's reputation - it is a haven of respite and place of ah ha moments!
Vanessa purchased this cabin in 2006
Location, location. location!! It's in the center of the High Country and all it's splendor and re creation...centrally located to Blowing Rock as well as Boone.
You must see it to believe it! Like New, spacious, cozy, loving ambience...
The cabin has breath-taking views and it is cozy but spacious. It is close enough to all the amenities of Blowing Rock but secluded enough to feel like you're all alone in the woods. It was clean. The kids (ages 9, 6, and 3) enjoyed writing on the whiteboard in their room. It is true that the pictures don't do it justice. It is also true that you could hear the whistle from nearby Tweetsie Railroad, which was quaint. What we didn't expect is that you could also hear traffic in the distance. It wasn't bad, but we weren't prepared for that. There is a small waterfall feature that you can see from the windows in the living room. It was delightful and relaxing. The porches and terraces were also lovely. We were very happy with our stay and would gladly return!
We spent 3 wonderful days in this beautiful cabin. From the minute we walked through the door we felt at home, from the oh so comfortable beds and linens to te fully stocked kitchen, everything we needed was there. The views are amazing and it is just a wonderful place to disconnect from the world and reconnect with family..my girls and I loved making homemade cookies and Christmas cards on the enormous island. The pictures of the interior just dont do it justice. Loved our little weekend getaway and will return! Highly recommend! Also loved the proximity to Boone. Thanks for having us!
This cabin offers you peace and tranquility, from the wrap around porch with rocking chairs, a big hammock and a wonderful waterfall feature, you will not want to leave here!
The cabin itself is very spacious, the kitchen is a dream, so beautifully done with all the modern conveniences, the beds are comfortable, the bathrooms large and quaint. The big living room has a wonderful gas fireplace with plenty of seating.
This cabin is perfect for a romantic get away, or a family vacation. With a downstairs that offers plenty of space so your not on top of one another. There is a nice library with twin beds, another bathroom, another big bedroom with a writing desk by the window!
If you do decide to leave, the cabin is convenient to all the attractions, you can hear the old time train whistle from Tweetsie Railroad (believe me it is not an annoying whistle, but one that takes you back in time), Blowing Rock, Boone, Grandfather Mountain, Gem Mines, so many great restaurants and shops.
Susan, the owner is great to work with, so nice and accommodating! We will definitely be back again!
We stayed here for new years eve. We only were able to stay two nights, but we wished we could have stayed longer. This place is amazing, the previous review was correct the pictures don't do it justice. The house had everything we needed, all we had to do was buy groceries. The house appears to be brand new, everything is nice and all appliances are new. All wood floors and walls upstairs give it the real mountain home getaway feel. We mostly stayed at the house, but we ventured to Boone and blowing rock, both really cool small towns. We didn't get a chance to ski, but Appalachian ski resort it real close. We spent new years eve at the house and were able to see Appalachian ski resorts fireworks at midnight and off in the distance could barely see the other ski resorts fireworks. This is a very nice place and would recommend it to anyone. If you are skeptical about renting this place, rent it, you wont be disappointed. Also the owner is real pleasant to deal with, which makes it that much easier.
We were looking to start a new tradition this Christmas and took a gamble to have the entire family at a mountain house for a few days. We were pleasantly surprised at this gorgeous place. Not only were we impressed at the quality of the place's construction and amenities, but we were excited about the amount of room we had just to hang out.
The photos don't do it justice.
The hardwood floors are amazing and there's wood everywhere.
We loved the place so much we never left the house.
The place is impeccably maintained.
The kitchen has everything you need.
The place is everything you see and more. And if that's not enough, the owner was very helpful and quick to respond to questions. When I got there on Christmas Eve to set up for my family they had already spruced up the house with some very tasteful holiday decorations.
We're already looking to see when we can book the place again.
You'll want to come back too.
My family stayed at this home in December 2012. I must say that the photos do not do justice. The home is absolutely beautiful and the view is amazing. We were pleasantly surprised at how much was available in the home so we were not in need for anything. If we rent a home in this area again, there is no question with my family on where we want to go......We loved the Mountain Song Retreat!
Entertainment: Everything from outlet shopping just down the hill to delectable eats downtown Blowing Rock and Boone to whitewater rafting and Grandfather Mountain. Lots more including Linville Falls and Caverns, eating at the Gamekeeper &, Village Cafe. the Blue Ridge Parkway is minutes away as are Mystery Hill (set atop a Vortex), Tweetsie Railroad, Ziplines,and the quaint villages of Valle Crucis, Beech mt, Banner Elk, Art in the Park in Blowing Rock as scheduled. OH! and MY FAVORITES - watching the stars in the crystal clear night sky or being held in the soft mystery of the fog swirling and watching the Tweetsie fireworks from the master bedroom bed on the 4th of July! Hint: There's also a bonafide cigar Indian, 'bears and a big fish (see photos) inside for the kids!! A waterfall right outside the front window is a soothing addition to the peace of the area.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
My Standard Rate
2 night minimum stay
|Cleaning Fee
|Refundable damage deposit
This property is on the market. Should there be a showing during your stay, you will be promptly notified and receive free admission to Mystery Hill very conveniently in the neighborhood. All effort will be made to not show the property during your visit, but I want no surprises during your stay. If there is a critical reason for not showing the property, please make this known when you sign up.
The rental terms are per the rental agreement contract in detail. Please contact Truly Spotless 828-0406-5640 for the rental contract.


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Valentina Nappi & Kelly Madison – Bridge Between Lovers
Released: March 29, 2014
Kelly Madison and Valentina Nappi have an uncontrollable lust for one another that can only be described as…"fucking hot". They've spent the entire morning playing with each other's pussies but now they want to add a big hard cock into the mix. So they call Ryan to meet them up at their very public, favorite spot. When the three meet up it's hard for them to stay clothed so they head back to the madison house to do what the madison's know how to do best.


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African Poems
Sedar Leopold Senghor (I Will Prononce Your Name) - Poem by African Poems
I will pronounce your name, Naett, I will declaim you, Naett!
Naett, your name is mild like cinnamon, it is the fragrance in which the lemon grove sleeps
Naett, your name is the sugared clarity of blooming coffee trees
And it resembles the savannah, that blossoms forth under the masculine ardour of the midday sun
Name of dew, fresher than shadows of tamarind,
Fresher even than the short dusk, when the heat of the day is silenced,
Naett, that is the dry tornado, the hard clap of lightning
Naett, coin of gold, shining coal, you my night, my sun! …
I am you hero, and now I have become your sorcerer, in order to pronounce your names.
Princess of Elissa, banished from Futa on the fateful day.
Comments about Sedar Leopold Senghor (I Will Prononce Your Name) by African Poems
Babatunde Aremu (11/12/2013 3:16:00 AM)
Great write from a reliable model. RIP Senghor (Report) Reply
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text: Martinez sworn in as new Denver city attorney By on January 21, 2014 An impressive young rising star in Colorado's legal and political communities was sworn in as the new city attorney for Denver Jan. 8, surrounded by family, friends and colleagues including luminaries in the legal and political arenas. Martinez, who served as the deputy city attorney since 2011, replaced Doug Friednash, Denver Mayor Michael Hancock's first […]This content is only available to subscribers. Login or Subscribe Share this:EmailTwitterFacebook Current News, Default, The Colorado Statesman


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Visual Comfort Suzanne Kasler Honore 1 Light Outdoor Wall Lantern
$ 945.00
This 1 light Outdoor Wall Lantern from the Suzanne Kasler Honore collection by Visual Comfort will enhance your home with a perfect mix of form and function. The features include a Blackened Copper finish applied by experts. Check the right-hand bar or call our dedicated Sales Team for similar items and additional options not pictured.
- Collection: Suzanne Kasler Honore
- Finish: Blackened Copper
- Designer: Suzanne Kasler
- Glass: Clear
- Mounting: Hardwire
- Backplate Shape: Rectangle
- Number of Lights: 1 light
- Wattage Per Light: 60W
- Total Wattage: 60W
- Bulb Type: Candelabra
- Bulbs Included: No
- Safety Rating: UL Wet
- Dimensions: 9" w x 18.25" h x 8.25" d
- Backplate/Canopy Width: 4"W
- Backplate/Canopy Length: 12.75" d


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Medicinal Herbs Encyclopedia
By ColaKey LLC.
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
*** 50% Off Today!!
*** New Features: Now supports iCloud
Many common illnesses can be treated and/or prevented by a healthy lifestyle that includes herbal remedies.
There are over 330 traditional medicinal herbs and plants are profiled along with detailed herb descriptions, common names, botanical names, medicinal uses, folklore, and references from the leading herbalists of today and ancient times.
Medicinal Herbs Encyclopedia is an application containing information over 330 traditional medicinal herbs and plants. For every type of herb included, the following information is available for reference:
◆ High quality photo
◆ Very detailed descriptions of the material
◆ Detailed instructions as to how the herb is used and it's benefits
◆ The characteristics of the herb/spice
The application is optimized for iPad/iPad2/The New iPad, iPhone 3GS/4/4S & iPod Touch.
This application has the following features:
◆ 2-Level Category Views with THUMBNAIL preview of each item
◆ All Category View to preview all items in alphabetical order
◆ Single Category View to list items of the same category
◆ Ability to BOOKMARK selected items for easier reference
◆ Add a CUSTOM NOTE to any items
◆ iCloud synchronized Bookmarks and Custom Notes
◆ EMAIL any items to yourself & friends
◆ Cross-referencing LINKS to other items
◆ A medicinal herbs SEARCH engine
◆ Enter a RANDOM entry when shaking the device (for fun)
◆ OFFLINE browsing
This application is proudly presented by ColaKey LLC.
What's New in Version 2.0
- Major Update
- Complete new user interface
- New 2-level category view
- iCloud Sync bookmark and custom notes
- Add custom notes to any item
- Thumbnail preview
- Email item to friend
- Enhanced search function
Customer Reviews
I use this because I study about herbs, there are so many that its easy to forget all the benefits of each one. So when I see a bottle of herbs on the store shelve and think wow I just heard about that but can't remember all about it, this app I can find the just of what it is used for. Love it!
Love this app!
Easy look up and informative information. I hope in the near future this ap will have a add on . Such as being able to look something up for ex. The flu. Then a list of herbs to choose from in that category to look up.
The amount of herbs is amazing
Great job!! Pictures, information and major detailing of history is incredible!
- $1.99
- Category: Food & Drink
- Updated: Aug 01, 2012
- Version: 2.0
- Size: 13.4 MB
- Language: English
- Seller: Otto Chan
- © 2012 ColaKey LLC.
Compatibility: Requires iOS 3.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.


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Job ID: | Position Type: Exempt, Regular, Full-Time
Headquartered in San Francisco Bay Area
Validation Project Manager
PURPOSE OF THE POSITION: To provide broad based validation consulting services to regulated life sciences clients; such services will include project management as well as execution of project deliverables.
ESSENTIAL JOB FUNCTIONS / RESPONSIBILITIES: Responsible for the overall direction, coordination, implementation, execution, control and completion of specific validation projects ensuring consistency with company strategy, commitments and goals. Estimates project costs, develops proposals, and ensures adhering to project scope. Develops cost control programs and develops metrics to report project performance. Proficient in commonly-used concepts, practices, and procedures within the regulated life sciences industry. Prepares all protocols and reports for equipment, facility, utility, and cleaning validation work in pharmaceutical/medical device industry. Performs validation master planning and has a thorough understanding of the validation life cycle and possesses the ability to lead validation strategic planning. Coordinates all validation activities by constant communication with affected departments and personnel; oversees and reviews validation area processes and procedures. Responsible for the quality review and approval of validation documents (including process, equipment, computer, and method) to ensure that the documents are accurate, complete, and meet internal and external regulatory requirements such as GMP, ISO, GAMP, ISPE.
MANAGERIAL RESPONSIBILITIES: Constantly monitors project performance and reports to senior leadership. Develops project schedules and project plans. Hires and negotiates compensation with employees and contractors. Manages resource allocation.
EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS: Bachelor of Science in Engineering preferred, or a Bachelor of Science in a related life science field
EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS: 5+ years of experience in the field or in a related area.
REQUIRED SKILLS / QUALIFICATIONS: Strong written and oral communication skills are required. Excellent technical writing skill is required. Must be proficient in Microsoft Office products, including Microsoft Project (or equivalent). Must be proficient with GDP and cGMPS. Qualification in Project Management/Project Management Certification
PERSONAL TRAITS: Must be motivated, possess strong leadership skills, have the ability to work independently and/or function in a team environment.
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS: Able to lift up to 30 pounds and sit for long periods of time
TRAVEL REQUIREMENTS: Travel up to 100% may be required.


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NOTE: The interactive map above for Route 2 reflects a section of the trip pattern. Please refer to the downloadable PDF of Route 2 below for the full route.
Plan to arrive at bus stop 5 minutes earlier to the scheduled departure time. Use caution when walking. Road sections may not be suitable for pedestrians or be ADA accessible.


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Guns N' Roses US Bank Stadium Minneapolis Tickets
US Bank Stadium will be rocking with a concert by Guns N' Roses. ConcertFix provides a wide variety of tickets that start at $59.00 for the 333 section and range all the way up to $3995.00 for the ULTIMATE VIP section. The show will be happening on July 30, 2017 and is the only Guns N' Roses concert scheduled at US Bank Stadium as of right now. We only have 730 tickets left in stock, so get them as soon as you can before they are all gone. Purchased tickets come with a 100% moneyback guarantee so you know your order is safe. Give us a shout at 855-428-3860 if you have any questions about this exciting event in Minneapolis on July 30.
Sun 7:00 pm
Guns N' Roses will be performing at US Bank Stadium for a big show that you won't want to miss! Tickets are on sale now at great prices here at ConcertFix where it's our priority to get you to the event even if it's unavailable at the box office. We want you to sit up close, which is why we are a top source for front row and premium seats. If you need them last-minute, make sure to get eTickets for the fastest delivery so you can download and print them from anywhere. All transactions are made through our safe and secure checkout and covered with a 100% money-back guarantee.Is the Guns N' Roses show in Minneapolis sold out?
The Guns N' Roses Minneapolis performance may be sold out but other people are always looking to get rid of tickets they already possess. So even if the Guns N' Roses at US Bank Stadium event is sold out, there is a great chance there are still tickets in stock.What can the crowd hope to hear at the Guns N' Roses show in Minneapolis?
"Sweet Child o' Mine" is definitely a fan favorite and will likely be performed at the Guns N' Roses Minneapolis show. Plus, you may see Guns N' Roses perform "Welcome to the Jungle," which is also very beloved by fans.
Next Concerts at US Bank Stadium
Sat 7:00 pm
Aug 12, 2017 Sat 7:00 pm
Fri 7:30 pm
US Bank Stadium - Minneapolis, MN
Sep 8, 2017 Fri 7:30 pm