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End-of-Life Management of Cell Phones in the United States
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1 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara End-of-Life Management of Cell Phones in the United States A Group Project submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master s of Environmental Science and Management for the Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Researched and written by: Joaquin Neira Leigh Favret Mihoyo Fuji Robert Miller Sarvy Mahdavi Vered Doctori Blass Advisor: Assistant Professor Roland Geyer April 2006 i
2 End-of-Life Management of Cell Phones in the United States As authors of this Group Project Report, we are proud to archive it on the Bren School s website such that the results of our research are available for all to read. Our signatures on the document signify our joint responsibility to fulfill the archiving standards set by the Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management. Vered H. Doctori Blass Mihoyo Fuji Sarvy Mahdavi Leigh Favret Robert A. Miller Joaquin Neira The mission of the Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management is to produce professionals with unrivaled training in environmental science and management who devote their unique skills to the diagnosis, assessment, mitigation, prevention, and remedy of the environmental problems of today and the future. A guiding principle of the School is that the analysis of environmental problems requires quantitative training in more than one discipline and an awareness of the physical, biological, social, political, and economic consequences that arise from scientific or technological decisions. The Group Project is required of all students in the Master s of Environmental Science and Management (MESM) Program. It is a four quarter activity in which small groups students conduct focused research on the scientific, management, and policy dimensions of a specific environmental issue. This Final Group Project Report is authored by MESM students and has reviewed and approved by: Roland Geyer Ernst von Weizsäcker April 2006 ii
3 Acknowledgements We would like to thank our faculty advisor Roland Geyer of the UC Santa Barbara s Bren School, and our committee members Paul Rellis of UCSB, Karen Gumtow of the County of Santa Barbara, and Stephen M. Biersmith for their guidance and contributions throughout our project. We also thank Bobby Aultman of RMS Communications Inc. and Mark Rousseau of Housing & Residential Services, UCSB for helping with collection of phones; Thomas Hogye, Ken Taggart, and Steve Ryan of ECS Refining for providing recycling services and sharing information; Mike Newman, Jennifer Chambers, and Brandi Farwig of ReCellular Inc., Seth Heine of CollectiveGood, Mike Roselius of Pacebutler Corporation, Craig Boswell of Hobi International Inc., Robin Haeffner of Alltel, Liz McCleskey of Cingular Wireless, Ed Butler, David Conrad, and Dennis Pettit of Nokia, Pam Arrigo of Motorola, Mark Buckley of Staples Inc., Joseph Chiodo of Active Disassembly Research Ltd., Chuan- Hai Teh of Noranda Recycling, Leslie Robinson of the County of Santa Barbara, Don Sheppard of County of Ventura, for providing important insight to the different aspects of the project; George Havalias of American Analytics Inc. for providing lab analysis services. iii
4 Table of Contents Table of Contents... iv List of Tables... vii List of Figures...viii List of Appendixes... ix Definitions... x Common Acronyms... xii 1. Abstract...xiii 2. Executive Summary... xiv 3. Introduction Project Scope and Objectives Methodology Product Design History and Evolution of Cell Phones Transmission Standards Basic Components of Cell Phones Material Composition of Cell phones Plastic Hazardous Substances Design for Environment Material change Toxicity Disassembly and recycle-ability Legislation Key Components of Cell Phone Legislation E-Waste/Cell Phone legislation in Europe WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC Individual vs. Collective Take Back Responsibility WEEE Implementation Status Unresolved Issues RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC and Basel Convention E-Waste/Cell Phone Legislation in the U.S Federal Regional States Stakeholder Positions Original Equipment Manufacturers Retailers Environmental Organizations Municipal Waste Managers Resellers Policy Approaches Voluntary Approaches iv
5 Mandatory Approaches End-of-Life (EoL) Management Options General EoL Market Overview Market for Second-Hand Phones Market for Second-Hand Components Market for Recovered Materials Stakeholders in EoL cell phone market Existing programs Process Overview Collection and Transportation Pre-Processing Reuse of Phones Reuse of Components Recycling of Materials Economic and Environmental Performance Economic performance Data sources Findings and Analysis Conclusions Environmental performance Data sources Findings and Analysis Conclusions Baseline Analysis Sensitivity Analysis Economic Outcome Environmental Outcome Conclusions Scenario Analysis Scenario Description Results and Discussion Economic Outcome Environmental outcome Conclusions Additional Qualitative Discussion Data security issues as a barrier for collection Second end-of-life in developing countries Technological advancement Recommendations Collection EoL Fate Processing Business Strategy v
6 10.5. Additional Actions Bibliography Appendixes vi
7 List of Tables Table 1: Difference in Material Composition (from ) Table 2: Difference in Hazardous Materials (from 1999 to 2003) Table 3: Characteristics of Tin Alloys Table 4: Alloy Alternatives Table 5: Flame Retardant Substitutes Table 6: Countries with WEEE Directive Transposed as of November, Table 7: Countries with WEEE Directive Not Transposed as of November, Table 8: State legislation status Table 9: Policy Approaches Table 10: Main Players Overview Table 11: Main programs description and their incentives Table 12: Scale, Quality and potential fate of cell phones provided by different end users categories Table 13: Collection costs Table 14: Pre-processing costs Table 15: Category and share of new products in US market Table 16: Reuse option - cost and revenue per phone Table 17: Price history for precious metals Table 18: Intermediate recycling process - cost and revenue Table 19: Estimated costs and strategies of cell phone collection Table 20: Environmental compliance cost Table 21: Energy and emission per phone Table 22: Average distances between main players in the US Table 23: Environmental burden of the reuse options Table 24: Distance (miles) between main players location and second-hand markets overseas Table 25: Environmental burden of shredding and assaying process per phone Table 26: Waste avoided- materials recovery Table 27: Baseline factor values Table 28: Baseline Outcome Table 29: Sensitivity analysis factor range Table 30: Material recovery analysis Table 31: Scenarios outline Table 32: Summary of scenario results Table 33: Number of collected phones in Japan Table 34: Carrier Market-share Table 35: Sales Price Assumptions vii
8 List of Figures Figure 1: Project Scope... 3 Figure 2: Cell phones over time... 7 Figure 3: Disassembled cell phones Figure 4: Average cell phone composition ( ) Figure 5: Weight and Size of Cell phones Over Time Figure 6: EoL cell phone fate by economic decision Figure 7: Optional EoL paths Figure 8: Process Overview Figure 9: Collection and Transportation flow process Figure 10: Pre-processing stages Figure 11: The reuse decision process Figure 12: Refurbishing process stages Figure 13: Component recovery process Figure 14: Recycling process Figure 15: Sale price per category Figure 16: Average sale price Figure 17: Buy-back price for different models Figure 18: Precious metals recovery per cell phone Figure 19: Output destination of elements Figure 20: Change in economic outcome as function of collection rate Figure 21: Change in economic outcome as function of collection methods Figure 22: Change in economic outcome as function of buy-back cost Figure 23: Change in economic outcome as function of second-hand phone sale price Figure 24: Change in economic outcome as function of material value Figure 25: Change in economic outcome as function of phone reuse rate Figure 26: Change in economic outcome as function of components reuse rate Figure 27: Change in energy consumption and waste saving as function of collection rate Figure 28: Change in materials recovery as function of collection rate Figure 29: Change in energy consumption and waste saving as function of reuse rare Figure 30: Change in materials recovery as function of reuse rate Figure 31: Change in energy consumption as function of displacement Figure 32: Economic outcome per scenario Figure 33: Environmental outcome per scenario Figure 34: Input Output chart of recycling prices at ECS Refining Figure 35: OEM share by quantity and percentage Figure 36: Phones by age and weight Figure 37: Average age of recycling sample Figure 38: Average age of EoL main stream viii
9 List of Appendixes Appendix 1: Second-hand phone grading system Appendix 2: OEMs and NSPs Appendix 3: Collectors Appendix 4: Incentives Description Appendix 5: Collection Channels Description Appendix 6: Fees assessed per electronic waste category and weight at local transfer stations Appendix 7: Santa Barbara County non-crt collection efficiency at one-day events Appendix 8: Summary of collection options and transportation responsibilities Appendix 9: Cell phone recycling process Appendix 10: Economic performance data and calculations Appendix 11: Collection campaign Appendix 12: Sample Analysis Appendix 13: Environmental performance data and calculations Appendix 14: Input/output analysis Appendix 15: Sale price assumptions ix
10 Definitions BER: Beyond Economic Repair B2B: Business to Business Buy-back: Refers to the reverse logistic process where EoL products are returned from the consumers to interested or responsible parties with monetary compensation Collection: Collection is the process in which EoL phones are collected from end-users. The process refers to the collection, storage, and transportation of the phones from the end-users to the processing facility. Curbside collection: Consists of the collection of e-waste either on a periodic basis such as a general municipal waste collection or by request (e11 th -hour, Web site). End-of-Life (EoL) cell phones: Cell phones that reach the end of the use phase by their current owner/user. Phones can be in a working or a nonworking condition. End-users: End-users refer to the entity that actually uses the phone; those entities can include private, business, commercial, and governmental organizations. Extended Producer Responsibility: Legislation mechanism that places all financial and sometimes physical responsibility on the manufacturer for the collection, transportation, and disposal/recycling of the EoL products. Extended Product Responsibility: Legislation mechanism that places shared responsibility for the product among the entire supply chain. Intermediate/ Secondary electronic recycler: A business engaged in purchasing or acquiring EoL products for the purpose of material recycling. Its operation includes dismantling, shredding and assaying. Pre-treated materials are typically sold to primary recyclers. International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI): A 15-digit number that uniquely identifies an individual wireless phone or communicator (Audit My PC, Website). Network Service Provider / Carrier/ NSP: An NSP provides customers with access to ASPs, the Internet and other services over a dedicated private network (ML-IP, Website). In this paper it is used to describe wireless network provider for cellular communication. OEM/ Manufacturer: Original Equipment Manufacturer Precious metals: Gold, silver, and the platinum group metals (PGMs) are known as the precious metals; also called the noble metals (Country Silver, Website). Primary recycler: In this paper primary recycler is defined as a metal recycler that is capable of recovering the metals from various feedstock such x
11 as e-waste. Its operation includes metal smelting and refining. In general a primary operator processes recycle metals as part of its business. Processing facility: Any physical entity that accepts EoL cell phones and performs any activity such as sorting, scanning, refurbishing, recycling, etc. Retailer: The seller of goods or commodities directly to the consumers at a retail price (Wbenc, Website). Reuse of product as is : Reuse of a cell phone in a second life time as a second hand device with no major repair or upgrade. This can be done by resale or by donation. Reuse of product Refurbished : Reuse of a cell phone in a second life time as a second hand device after a major repair or upgrade. These phones will usually have some kind of limited warranty. Reuse of parts: Reuse of functional parts that were disassembled from the EoL phone. The parts can be used in another used phone, in a new phone, or in a completely different device such as a toy. Recycling: Recycling refers to the process of material and energy recovery. The recycling process can be performed either with or without prior disassembly. Materials such as plastic, glass, and metals are recovered and can be reused as raw materials in another product manufacturing process. The materials can stay in a closed loop of cell phone manufacturing or can move to an open loop. This open loop can be other product production processes such as toys, plastic furniture, jewelry etc. The process can include disassembly, shredding, separation, smelting, and refining. Take-back: Refers to the reverse logistic process where EoL products are returned from the consumers to interested or responsible parties without monetary compensation. xi
12 Common Acronyms ARF CDMA CRT BER DfE EPA EoL EPR EU GSM LCD NEPSI NGO NSP MJ PGM PBB PBDE PWB OEM PCS PDA PRO 3PSP TDMA RoHS WEEE Advanced Recycling Fee Code Multiple Division Access Cathode Ray Tube Beyond Economic Repair Design for the Environment Environmental Protection Agency End-of-Life Extended Producer Responsibility European Union Global System for Mobile communication Liquid Crystal Display National Electronics Product Stewardship Initiative Non-Governmental Agency Network Service Provider Unit of Energy Platinum Group Metals Polybrominated Biphenyls Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Printed Wiring Board Original Electronic Manufacturer Personal Communication Services Personal Digital Assistant Producer Responsibility Organization Third Party Service Provider Time Division Multiple Access Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment xii
13 1. Abstract The management of electronic waste is emerging as a global environmental problem due to the hazardous materials contained in electronic products and increasing consumption of these products. Cell phones are a unique niche in the e-waste stream not only because of their high rate of displacement by consumers, but also because they have viable reuse and recycling markets. The main objective of this project is to recommend an optimal end-of-life (EoL) management option for cell phones within the United States. This project focused on the end-of-life options market for cell phones, and considered U.S. legislation as well as global design trends that affect the economic and environmental outcomes of various management schemes. The authors of the project considered three end-of-life management options: the reuse of phones, reuse of components, and recycling of materials. Data was collected and analyzed in order to quantify the environmental and economic outcomes of the current market situation. Based on a sensitivity analysis, the key variables were determined and used to construct six scenarios which examine the market outcomes under different conditions. Results highlight the importance of having a minimum reuse rate in order to ensure positive economic outcome. This report makes practical recommendations to ensure the sustainability of the EoL cell phones market in the near future. The authors agree that any policy should be re-evaluated regarding both its economic and environmental benefits as the market develops. xiii
14 2. Executive Summary Introduction Electronic waste is now the fastest growing waste stream in the industrialized world. Thus, the management of e-waste is emerging as a global environmental problem, mainly due to the hazardous materials contained in electronic products and increasing consumption of these products. Some countries have begun to address the e-waste problem by initiating legislation. The European Union (EU) has emerged as a leader in e-waste management with the adoption of the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) and the Restriction on Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive. The EU first introduced the policy concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), which makes manufacturers responsible for the EoL management of their products. This legislation could in turn incentivize the concept of Design for the Environment (DfE), which is intended to encourage the design of products which are easier to recycle, disassemble, and/or reuse. Cell phones are a unique niche in the e-waste waste stream, not only because of their large volume and short lifespan of 18 months on average, but also because of the reuse and recycling opportunities they carry with them. Therefore, the policy makers can take either mandatory or voluntary approaches. The voluntary approach could be viable for cell phones since EoL phones still retain residual value and a secondary market already exist. Nonetheless, due to cell phones small size, the current collection rate is estimated to be less than 5%. In 2005, 130 million cell phones were retired in the U.S., according to the Environmental Protection Agency. If the collection rate stays as low as now, the number of EoL phones that end up in landfills or incinerators will be enormous and policy will be needed to address this issue. Since the United States has not yet implemented federal-level initiatives for either e- waste in general or for cell phones in specific, it still has an option to explore different approaches that will best fit EoL cell phone management. Several states are in the process of developing/ implementing different take-back policies that address e-waste (including cell phones) or specifically cell phones. If states however do not coordinate their implementation efforts, they may create difficulties for stakeholders to uniformly comply with legislation. Another important aspect that influences EoL management is product design. Design for Environment can help to facilitate recycling, disassembly, and reuse. This can change the EoL stage process significantly and can alter the cost-effectiveness. Advanced OEMs have already begun to change the design of cell phones in order to potentially create profitable operations from the EoL management of the products, however there still are issues that need to be addressed. xiv
15 Goals and Approach The research and analysis presented in this paper aim to recommend an optimal EoL management option for cell phones in the United States. It is also discussed in relation to policy and product design since those two aspects influence EoL market and options significantly. The authors of this report have divided EoL product management into three main stages: Collection Fate Determination Processing In the processing stage, the following options have been considered: Reuse of phones Reuse of components Recycling of materials The authors of this report aim to evaluate how the interaction of these three aspects (policy, design, and EoL) may potentially affect the market and the interaction among one another. The outcome is measured from both an economic and environmental perspective. The results are then incorporated into different market scenarios to identify the one that maximizes economic benefit while minimizing negative environmental impact. Recommendations are made based on the analysis and presented from policy, design and EoL market standpoints. Economic and Environmental Analysis Economic and environmental performance was measured for each EoL stage: collection and transportation, pre-processing, reuse options, and recycling options. Economic performance was measured in terms of revenue and costs, and environmental performance was measured in terms of environmental burdens such as energy consumption or benefits as waste savings. In addition, the issue of displacement of ore mining and new production was discussed as the main factor that contributes to increase upstream environmental benefits. The observations and analysis made in this section are incorporated into baseline and scenario analysis. Sensitivity and Scenario Analysis First, the baseline was established based on the data that best describes the current market situation. We found out that 80% of the cost is invested in collection and fate determinations of the phones. In the current market conditions, 95% of the revenue is coming from reuse activities and recyclers can not bear the collection cost. Then, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the important factors/variables that significantly change the market outcome in terms of economic and environmental performance. Based on the sensitivity analysis results, six scenarios were structured xv
16 to demonstrate different market conditions. The factors that were changed include reuse rate, collection rate, second-hand sale price, and new production displacement percentage. Several important observations were made, and it became obvious that sometimes a factor or a combination of them work in opposite directions regarding the economic and environmental performance. Economic Outcome Results demonstrate that a high collection rate is not enough to achieve a positive economic outcome. In order to ensure a positive economic outcome, a minimum reuse rate is required regardless of the collection rate. This indicates that the profit from reuse is the largest contributor for a positive economic outcome and recycling cannot achieve that level by itself. At the current collection rate, if second-hand price decreases and reuse rate decreases due to objection of certain stakeholders to reuse practices, then the market outcome can become negative. Results also highlight the potential of the growth of the EoL market if collection rate increases, the reuse rate is kept high, and more high-end phones are captured increasing average sale price. Thus, economy of scale in collection will affect dramatically the positive economic outcome. Environmental outcome Results demonstrate that as long as no new production displacement is assumed, high reuse rate results in higher environmental burden (more energy consumption and less waste avoided). In this case there is an ongoing contradiction between the environmental and economic performance. There is also an ongoing contradiction between waste and energy indicators. As long as collection rates increase, more energy is consumed but more waste is avoided at the same time. Results also demonstrate the potential environmental upstream benefits when displacement is taking place. The shift from net energy consumption to net energy saving is substantial. In addition, the waste avoided increases as well due both from ore mining and the production process. Only if displacement is accounted for will the economic and environmental performances align in the same direction. Without product-level displacement, second-hand phones must be considered as they are expanding the market. Market expansion is associated with incremental environmental burden because there are no savings from expansion. However, a 25% displacement assumption returns significant improvement in environmental performance. It is important to be able to assess how displacement is taking place in the real market. Recommendations From the quantitative and qualitative analyses, the authors devised a set of recommendations to hopefully guide market stakeholders and policy makers. The xvi
17 authors divided these recommendations into the following areas of EoL operations, policy, and design: Reuse is Critical for Profitability Policy: Set minimum reuse rate Process: Consider reuse activities to support recycling Address second end-of-life in developing countries Design: Create incentives for R&D of Design for Disassembly Displacement is Critical for Environmental Benefits Policy: Displacement can t be regulated Process: Displacement can happen if OEM will include reuse in their business models Collection Efficiency is Important Policy: Set collection target Share collection responsibility (OEM, NSP, End-users) Mandate labeling program Process: Share reverse logistics efforts Explore new methods to capture high-end phones Address data security as a barrier for collection Additional Policy Actions Ban cell phones from landfill Ban the use of hazardous substances (RoHS) Re-evaluate policy periodically The authors strongly believe that these recommendations are feasible and achievable in the short and long term. xvii
18 3. Introduction Electronic waste (e-waste), represents the broad and growing range of electronic devices produced primarily during the last two decades as a by-product of the Information or High-Tech Revolution. From cell phones, video games, televisions and computers, e-waste is now the fastest growing waste stream in the industrialized world. Due to a lack of awareness, consumers scarcely question the best method of discarding their electronic products. If current conditions persist, this electronic waste stream will continue to flow in the direction of landfills or incinerators. Cell phones are small and have an average weight of less than quarter of a pound. Thus, they generate only a negligible quantity of downstream waste per unit. Worldwide, there are over 1 billion cell phones in current use. The high rates of cell phone production, combined with an average lifespan of only 18 months, makes cell phones an increasing source of hazardous e-waste. Each year millions of cell phones are retired out for various reasons. In 2005, approximately 130 million cell phones, over 25 times the amount in 1990, were retired in the US according to the Environmental Protection Agency. While industry and states have recycling programs for used phones, such efforts recover only a small percentage of discarded wireless handsets. Many of these small phones are initially stored away in closets and drawers, but they will eventually be discarded and wind up in landfills, incinerators, or overseas. With no federally mandated programs in place today, the potential exists for these hazardous toxins to be released into the air and groundwater. Cell phones contain a number of hazardous chemicals which belong to a class of chemicals know as persistent bio-accumulative toxins. These chemicals are of concern because they: Have a long life-span Will accumulate in the tissues of animals and increase in levels as they move up the food chain Are associated with cancer, reproductive, neurological, and developmental disorders As discussed in more detail throughout the report, cell phones contain a range of hazardous materials including arsenic, antimony, beryllium, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc. These toxins are listed as hazardous material by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act s (RCRA) Waste Minimization List of Persistent, Bio-accumulative, and Toxic Chemicals standards, and enforced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. If released into the air and groundwater, 1
19 these toxins can have detrimental effects on human health. For example, brominated flame retardants currently contained in cell phones can cause cancer, liver damage, and thyroid dysfunctions. With the adoption of the Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment Directive (WEEE) and Restriction on Hazardous Substances (RoHS), the European Union has emerged as a world leader in e-waste regulation. The WEEE directive has put forth the concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), which aims to hold manufacturers responsible for their products end-of-life (EoL) management; their responsibilities include the proper collection, treatment, and recovery of product waste. The RoHS directive restricts the use of certain toxic chemicals. The intent of the directive is to encourage producers to design such products that are easier to disassemble, recycle, and/or reuse. The United States has also begun through its own legislation to combat the problems associated with e-waste. On a state-by-state basis, the U.S. is in the process of developing initiatives that address EoL management of electronic waste. A recent study funded by the EPA found that due to the amount of lead released by cells phones, these electronics could be classified under federal law as hazardous waste. This finding could force the federal government to develop national policies that govern cell phone disposal. In response to the European Directives, many international companies have begun to create a variety of control measures to cost-effectively comply with EoL management regulations. They have also begun to change the design of cell phones in order to potentially create profitable operations from the EoL management of the products. Unlike most other forms of electronic waste, cell phones may be profitably refurbished, reused, or recycled because they contain precious metals. This report will provide a comprehensive analysis of the various recovery initiatives currently possible for EoL management of cell phones. Upon thorough examination, the authors of the report will recommend a financially optimal and environmentally effective measure for cell phone recovery in the United States. 2
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text:
The Friarsgate scheme has received a boost after Marks and Spencer confirmed it would relocate to the new Lichfield city centre redevelopment.
A Lichfield shop manager has helped raise more than £170,000 for charity.
Beacon Park has once again been recognised as one of the best green spaces around.
Committee rejects "inappropriate and unnecessary" plan for civic gallery at Burntwood Town Council
Final chance to grab a bargain at Lichfield company's summer sale
Lichfield MP says introduction of new polymer £10 note is long overdue
Final preparations under way for the Lichfield Garrick's community musical
Report backs plan for 96 new homes on industrial land in Burntwood
Residents urged not to use cones to prevent workers from parking on streets in Lichfield
Lichfield MP joins railway engineers to see how track maintenance is carried out
Historic police truncheon found in Lichfield set to go up for auction
Early season derby days await Lichfield City FC as first Midland Football League 2017-18 fixtures are released
Home Front Proms coming to the National Memorial Arboretum
Copyright © 2015 LichfieldLive

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Heavy, lace-up work boots made of robust leather with metal plates to protect the toes. The boots are designed for Dwarves and would fit neither Elven nor Human feet.
- 0.0
Armor ValuesEdit
- Left Leg (1)
- Right Leg (1)
Race RestrictionEdit
- (not for) Elf
- (not for) Middenrealmian
- (not for) Thorwalian
- (not for) Tulamide
- 1 Stone


text:
Skip navigation.
Who: Young people 8-15 years old What:Join in for a week of creative activities right before the Nescautunga Art Festival. The camp will focus on personal growth, creativity, art knowledge and skill development of participants. Tuition: $20.00 Supported in part by a grant from the Oklahoma Arts Council
May 31-June 4 2010, from 8:30 a.m. -12:30 p.m.
Northwestern Oklahoma State University campus in Alva, OK
Admission is $20
Contact number: 580-603-0103
MISSION STATEMENT: Northwestern Oklahoma State University provides quality educational and cultural opportunities to learners with diverse needs by cultivating ethical leadership and service, critical thinking and fiscal responsibility.


text:
Fasthosts were today ranked aS the UK's 76th fastest growing privately owned companies in the 2004 Sunday Times Virgin Atlantic Fast Track 100 listing placed Fasthosts at number 76, based on their 2000-2003 revenue figures.
Andrew Michael, Fasthosts CEO commented, "I am delighted to have our continued growth recognised in the Fast Track listing. Fasthosts has developed into one of the UK's leading business technology providers. Our reputation is based on good service and innovation – we are now firmly established as the largest UK provider of hosting services, and as the world's largest Windows 2003 host. Importantly, Fasthosts has invested heavily in new product development this year, and we are projecting further significant growth in 2005.â€ÂÂ


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Ivan (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] [Created] (GERONIMO-5883) Use a system property to make Provider style web service more user-friendly
|Wed, 30 Mar 2011 02:50:05 GMT
Use a system property to make Provider style web service more user-friendly --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Key: GERONIMO-5883 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/GERONIMO-5883 Project: Geronimo Issue Type: Improvement Security Level: public (Regular issues) Components: webservices Affects Versions: 3.0 Reporter: Ivan Assignee: Ivan Fix For: 3.0 As required by spec, a WSDL is required to be configured if Provider style SEI is used, while from the design of Provider style, it means that the service is more flexible, so a WSDL file sometimes does not make sense. Plan to provide a system property that users could disable the validation, by default, the validation is on. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. For more information on JIRA, see: http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira
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text:
All-purpose yards, however, is another matter.
At 5-feet-8 and 172 pounds, Young probably lacks the heft to handle 20 carries per game in 2012. If you count carries, receptions, kickoff returns and punt returns, however, he should be able to handle 20 "touches" per game.
"My goal is to get as many as I can," he said. "I know I'm not an every-down back and I'm not going to be running with too much power. At the same time, if I'm doing well, Coach is going to give me the rock."
A graduate of Knoxville's Bearden High, Young missed the first three games of 2011 due to a broken collarbone but still finished third on the team with 756 all-purpose yards as a true freshman. He contributed 9 rushing, 25 receiving, 628 on kickoff returns and 94 on punt returns.
Now that two-year starting tailback Tauren Poole is gone, Young is in the middle of a running back competition that also features sophomore Marlin Lane, junior Rajion Neal, sophomore Tom Smith, plus freshmen Davante Bourque, Quenshaun Watson and Alden Hill.
"It's definitely a blessing to be a part of," Young said. "It's really exciting. It's competitive, and it forces you to stay on your toes every day."
|Tennessee freshman Quenshaun Watson could contend for carries in 2012.
|(Danny Parker/InsideTennessee.com)
"I tried to grind hard every day," he said. "Everybody was pushing everybody, and you don't want to be that guy left behind. I really put an emphasis on my work ethic this offseason."
The result was 10 additional pounds of muscle, courtesy of strength and conditioning coach Ron McKeefery.
"Physically, Coach Mac really pushed my body, along with everybody else's, to the max," Young said. "I feel like physically I'm well prepared. It's all a mental game from here on out."
Being a bright young man, Young should excel at the mental aspect of the game.
"I'm on top of it," he said. "I've had a few MAs (missed assignments) but it'll get better."
A durable body and a sharp mind could earn Young significant playing time in the backfield this fall.
"Me and the coaches talked about my role," he said. "Basically, how I produce will determine how much playing time I get."
Whatever his role may be on offense, Young projects to be a major contributor on special teams. He recorded a 23.3-yard kickoff-return average last fall that ranked eighth among SEC players. He recorded an 11.8-yard punt-return average that would've placed him fifth if he'd had enough runbacks to qualify for the SEC ratings. He expects to be a much more productive return specialist in 2012.
"I'm a lot more comfortable," Young said. "I see things that I missed last year. I've caught a few more pointers and I've watched a lot more film on how to be more productive as a return man, both on punt returns and kickoff returns."
Young's first punt return of 2011 was his best — a 43-yarder versus Buffalo in Game 4. His longest kickoff returns were a 50-yarder in Game 5 against Georgia and a 60-yarder in Game 6 versus LSU.
"I probably improved most last year on kickoff returns," he said. "I started off real strong on punt returns, then I kind of fell off a little bit. I got better at kickoffs but I want to be consistent at both."
If he develops that consistency, Devrin Young just might lead the 2012 Vols in all-purpose yards.
Hear Young talk after a recent summer workout in Knoxville in the video below:


text:
Hands on, practical training for the whole team
Product Management Thinking
This four day workshop is a deep dive into the principles of Product Management. We will baseline your product knowledge covering the most important topics, such as building empathy for users, metrics, experimentation, product strategy, testing, working with developers, and setting roadmaps.
- Four Full Days of Workshop
- Maximum 20 people
Product Managers Product Directors
Creating Effective MVPs
Teams that implement Minimum Viable Products learn more about customers, waste less time, and deliver usable solutions. In this workshop you will learn how to create successful MVPs and introduce this concept into your companies.
- Full Day Workshop
- Half Day Workshop
- Maximum 25 people
- Product Managers
UX Designers
Team Leads
Don't see what you're looking for? We can also do custom workshops.
To book a workshop or learn more, please reach out to firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Daniel Yergin won a Pulitzer Prize for his previous work on energy, The Prize, written 20 years ago.
His follow up effort The Quest brings all of that smack bang into the now ten years old 21st Century with a rather large thud: an 800+ page doorstep of a thud, to be precise.
Upon opening The Quest, the reader is immediately treated to Yergin's writing style which, always knowledgeable, successfully treads the tightrope between assuming too much on the part of the reader and patronizing the audience.
This is not your traditional holiday reading. You may need at least a weekend break to power through such a dense history of all that is energy. But, for anyone who wants to better understand the global power balance, and how it hinges on abilities to meet increasing energy demands in the very near future, that is precisely what is required.
Early into this work, occasionally, one gets the feeling we are to be hearing primarily the establishment, or party, line. Perhaps some balance can be provided by looking at the political motivations behind some of the major events touched upon within The Quest by reading something like John Perkins' far less weighty and ever-so-slightly-ranting Confessions of an Economic Hitman immediately before, during or afterwards.
Here is a book where – another trouble to the more casual reader – the devil really is in the detail, or, more appropriately, in the copious footnotes. In order to strike a difficult balance, reviewing the energy history of many regions in detail over a reasonably long time-frame, the author must, from time-to-time, put out, in the briefest of sentences, a notion that requires further scrutiny from the reader, to keep the narrative flowing.
Resultantly, one of Yergin's real powers is to raise the pertinent talking points on a huge variety of issues.
Just reading through the prologue requires a pen and pad, on which to jot down a word or a sentence – usually suffixed with a question mark. Further reading, alas, may take the diligent reader the twenty years this book quite naturally has taken Yergin to conceptualise, devise and create.
The Quest is a tremendous starting point for any student of international relations, geo-politics, or those who, like the rest of us, are simply interested observers and citizens of this planet.
But while everyone should be encouraged to read this book, they should do so with a critical eye. Yergin takes, for the most part, an American perspective on world affairs. The Quest is, as a result, not entirely without some jaundice here or there, particularly where events are described in terms of the news reports of the time, rather than anything less directly influenced by Washington press releases.
After an absorbing introduction and prologue, Yergin opens his tome with Russia, the state having experienced the largest shifts in energy market following the fall of the Iron Curtain just over twenty years ago.
In 1993, Yergin recognised oil as a global business for the first time since the Bolshevik Revolution nearly 80 years previously. From such opportunity, this newly capitalist state has quickly wrapped itself around becoming an oil economy on a par with Saudi Arabia; it therefore makes sense that Yergin begins his story in earnest here, with the fall of the USSR, and the subsequent wild-west-like power vacuum which ensued within the new, fossil fuel rich, country of Russia.
The remainder of this first of six parts covers what Yergin classes "The New World of Oil" which along with "Securing The Supply" "The Electric Age" "Climate and Carbon" "New Energies" and "Road To The Future" make up this book in 35 detailed yet readable chapters.
The Quest is something to dip into time and again: it is something to keep on the shelf and review again as the future unfolds itself. What's more, there is a unique quality to this sort of global history that stirs the soul, particularly when it is described with such simple prose, and an artist's touch for storytelling.
Perhaps the best endorsement of The Quest is the fact that roughly 75% of your closest contacts are likely to receive a "you have to read this book" email or message after your reading it for just a day. The other 25% probably already recommended it to you.
It is the sort of book that needs to be published more often. The Quest is a twice-in-a-lifetime masterpiece of work. If you have any interest in the world, and how our species might power its future, you should buy this book.
The Quest is published by Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Books. It is on sale now, following a 22 September 2011 hardback release.


text:
Technical Advisory Board
Ali Afnan, Ph.D.
StepChange Pharma, Inc.
Ali Afnan is President of StepChange Pharma, Inc. a pharmaceutical industry technical consultancy focused on process design and development, process analytical technology (PAT), Quality by Design (QbD) and regulatory issues. He is formerly a Senior Staff Fellow At the FDA CDER's Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and a member of FDA's original PAT Team. He was previously a senior engineer for AstraZeneca. Ali earned his Bs.C. in applied chemistry from Cardiff University and his Ph.D. from the University of Manchester.
Jim Bray, Sc.D.
Convergent Consulting, LLC
Jim Bray currently leads Convergent Consulting based in Raleigh, North Carolina. He previously served as Interim CEO and as a member of the Board of Directors for Natrix. Previously, Jim was President of PTI Advanced Filtration, a manufacturer of high technology separation and purification products for MicroElectronics, Ultra-pure Chemical, BioPharmaceutical, Food and Beverage and Industrial markets. Prior to PTI, Jim spent more than 18 years in senior leadership positions at Millipore Corporation. Jim holds a B.S. in chemical engineering from North Carolina State University, a Sc.D. in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and an M.B.A. from the University of Connecticut.
Alain Pralong, Ph.D.
Vice President - New Product Introduction & Industrialization
GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals
Alain Pralong is Vice President for New Product Introduction and Industrialization for GSK Biologicals. Previously, he was Vice President of Process Development at Crucell, where he led the implementation of single-use biomanufacturing technologies. Alain has also held positions with Merck Serono, Roche and Schering-Plough Research Institute. He earned his Ph.D. in PhD, Biochemistry, Moleceular and Cellular Biology at the University of Berne.
Tom Ransohoff
Vice Presient & Senior Consultant
BioProcess Technology Consultants


text:
Story of a Young , Rich , Rebellious Boy who will fall in Love with a Simple Girl . Will Luhan change bacause of Love ?
fairy_choco Feb 06, 2016
I think this is just like in my dream but it was me and Leo (my childhood friend) he died because of lung cancer


text:
From the desk in his second-floor office at Shea Stadium, Steve Phillips faces a wall with three framed Mets jerseys, Nos. 98, 99 and 00. They represent the three full seasons Phillips has been the general manager, and each one is covered with the autographs of the players on the opening day roster in those years.
On a cabinet to Phillips's left is the National League championship trophy the Mets captured last October, earning a spot in the World Series for the first time in 14 years. It will be engraved before the team displays it in a more open setting.
''I've thought about taking it home,'' Phillips said, joking, one day last week. ''Nobody's come looking for it, so I just have it sitting there.''
As a symbol of Phillips's job, the trophy is more appropriate than the opening day jerseys. The work of a general manager is an annual journey, and opening day is only one point along the way. The composition of the team on that day is far less important than the way the team looks at season's end.
''My vision is of 162 games,'' Phillips said, ''understanding that we're going to get better during the year because we're going to make a deal somewhere along the line to improve.''Continue reading the main story
Phillips took over as general manager in July 1997, and he has made midseason trades every year, landing Turk Wendell, Mike Piazza, Kenny Rogers, Darryl Hamilton, Rick White and others. He has made significant off-season moves, too -- but not a blockbuster this winter.
With pitchers and catchers reporting Friday to spring training in Port St. Lucie, Fla., the Mets have a team similar to the one that lost the World Series to the Yankees in five games. Johnny Damon, Mike Mussina, Denny Neagle, Alex Rodriguez, David Wells and other high-profile players the Mets pursued will be at other spring camps.
Phillips is not discouraged. He emphasized the potential for disaster this winter and thinks the Mets have survived. Re-signing three pitchers Phillips calls stabilizers -- John Franco, Rick Reed and Wendell -- was essential, he said.
''We knew we could come into the season being a very similar team if we at least got one guy slotted in front of Rick in the rotation,'' Phillips said. ''But I was very concerned as we headed into the off-season with five free-agent pitchers out of the 11-man staff. That could have been a major catastrophe if we hadn't been able to piece it together.''
When Mike Hampton left the Mets for the Colorado Rockies, Phillips signed Kevin Appier to a four-year, $42 million contract to put before Reed and after Al Leiter in the rotation. For the back end, the Mets thought Steve Trachsel was more dependable and a better bargain than Bobby J. Jones, and signed Trachsel for two years and $7 million.
But the biggest names went elsewhere, and in each case, Phillips is satisfied with the reasons the Mets lost out. Hampton did not like New York; Mussina wanted to stay in the American League; the White Sox made a better offer than the Mets to land Wells; Neagle wanted to play at home in Colorado.
As a high-payroll team, the Mets always consider pursuing expensive, productive players. Phillips tries hard to keep those plans private, but they usually come out in the news media. When the Mets then fail to get a player, fans notice. The team is coming off back-to-back postseason appearances for the first time, but the Mets have had to be defensive about their winter -- and Phillips sees himself as defenseless.
''You can't expose everything about players or decisions all the time,'' he said. ''Therefore, you can't really defend what you're doing all the time, or why you're doing it. That's just part of the job here in New York.''
Phillips is emboldened by his memories of this past spring, when critics said the Mets had regressed after winning a wild-card berth in 1999. The Mets had lost four pitchers, Rogers, Octavio Dotel, Orel Hershiser and Masato Yoshii, and seemed to have serious questions in their rotation.
But when Glendon Rusch won the fifth starter's spot and Jones -- eventually -- found consistency, the Mets ended up with a rotation strong enough to lead them to the pennant.
''I think we're going into this season with far fewer questions than we've had in any other season,'' Phillips said.
The Mets have depth in the bullpen, which could free them to trade an expensive veteran like Dennis Cook or Rich Rodriguez. They need Armando Benitez to come back strong mentally after an off-season of dealing with domestic assault allegations. And the team must decide to keep or deal the left-hander Bobby M. Jones, who is out of minor league options and who could fill Pat Mahomes's role as long reliever.
But the biggest questions are in the lineup. Rey Ordóñez, who batted .188, returns after missing most of this past season with a broken left forearm. Whatever Ordóñez contributes on offense, Phillips said he believed his defense justified his place in the lineup.
With Derek Bell gone, right field is less certain. The Mets would be interested if Pittsburgh made John Vander Wal available, and they could trade for Boston's Troy O'Leary if the Red Sox picked up part of his salary or perhaps took Hamilton in return. But for now, the candidates in right are Hamilton, Timo Perez and Tsuyoshi Shinjo.
''We're effectively coming back with the same everyday lineup we had a year ago, except for right field,'' Phillips said. ''The question is: From what we would field as our team right now, do we have enough to match the production we got out of right field last year?''
Piazza, Edgardo Alfonzo and Todd Zeile steady the order, but the Mets need more production from third baseman Robin Ventura, who batted .232 last year. They expect outfielders Benny Agbayani and Jay Payton to continue to improve.
And sometime, from somewhere, the lineup will probably change. So will the pitching staff. It always does. Phillips knows this, and he is confident.
''I stared at having 45 percent of our pitching staff that was leaving, and we put it back together almost the same quality and depth that we had a year ago to get to the postseason,'' Phillips said. That, he said, is a good off-season.
''You understand in New York that fans are more attracted to the bigger names for whatever the reasons are, and that's O.K,'' Phillips said. ''Because in the end, I think they're going to be happy with the product we put on the field and they'll be happy if we get back to the postseason, and that's what it's about. It's not about what it looks like on paper as we start today. It's, come Oct. 1, are we headed to the postseason or not?''Continue reading the main story


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The 2017 Official Charity Program of the OC Marathon offers you the opportunity to Run the Race in 2017 for a Cause! "Run for Free" with one of our charity partners today. Raise a minimum amount for one of our participating charities, your registration fees will be covered by the charity, and you will be on your way to the finish line!
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UK Dating
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Danielle Lloyd cancels wedding to partner Jamie O'HaraPosted on: November 1, 2010 16:50:44
It seems as though celebrity dating may not be going too well for Danielle Lloyd, as she has called off her wedding.
The Wag, who has been in relationships with a string of footballers, got engaged to Jamie O'Hara in Paris last November, the MailOnline reports.
However, the mum-of-one has changed her mind about the couple's nuptials.
Speaking to the news provider, a spokesperson for Lloyd said the pair are putting their plans on hold to focus on their careers and raising their young son, Archie.
"Like any young couple with a newborn baby, Danielle and Jamie have seen how easy the pressures of parenthood can affect a relationship," the official continued, adding that they are still "very much in love".
In the past, former Celebrity Big Brother contestant Lloyd has been romantically linked to Teddy Sherringham and Jermain Defoe.
After announcing her decision to split from her husband Lenny Henry earlier this year, Dawn French recently revealed she is looking to find men again and "have a good time".
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The infinitive travel guide for Barbados, this app was built so you can access most of the information without requiring an internet connection or mobile signal.
There is a quick accommodation guide featuring 80 villas and apartments on the East, South and the popular West coast.
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Romance Package
Engagements, birthdays, anniversaries or simply just because. All are unique moments to celebrate. Spoil that special someone with an indulgent romantic getaway and enjoy our boutique style ambience with all its amenities. Our romance package will allow you to relax in the comfort of one of our Superior Oceanfront King Balcony units complete with fireplace, soaker tub and spectacular view. Make this special occasion one you'll remember for years to come… Let the romance begin.
Package for 2 Includes:
- 2 nights Superior Oceanfront King Accommodation with private balcony for 2 at the Historic Lund Hotel
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For more details, pricing and to book your unforgettable experience, please contact the Hotel.
Reservations subject to availability
Additional Ideas :
- Desolation Sound Tour
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- Daytrip to Savary Island
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After my scans, I have some switches not showing up properly. Some don't show up at all, others show up as "other objects" these switches are HP Procurve 4000M, Procurve 2424M, and US Robitics 997548.
When it maps the network it doesn't show these devices, and I can't monitor traffic between these switches.
Anyone know?
This topic was created during version 5.3.
The latest version is 7.5.00101.
2 Replies
Mar 30, 2012 at 1:05 UTC
Can the SW server reach these switches? ACLs in place could be disallowing the collection of data. Also depending on the the switch SW may not be able to grab all the necessary information even in SNMP is configured and/or correct credentials are provided.
Mar 30, 2012 at 1:17 UTC
Yes it can. I did get connected to all HP switches now. I am not able to get information from our US Robitcs 997548 switch. I cannot find a place to enable SNMP and not sure why I cant get info. Because of this, I can't check network traffic from the rack it is on to a switch on the other side of the building for most users.
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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HK Contemporary Chinese Ink Painting Exhibition 2007
Artist Commune, tomorrow-July 12, 2pm-7pm
This year's Hong Kong Contemporary Chinese Ink Painting Exhibition is remarkable on several counts: it features 37 veteran artists - most, if not all, are well-respected and have exhibited internationally; they come from this city, the mainland and Taiwan and are from both the traditional and contemporary schools; and this star-studded show lasts only for one miserly week.
According to the Hong Kong Modern Chinese Ink Painting Association, the show was quickly put together (in the past couple of months) to coincide with the 10th anniversary of the handover. The shortage of venues, says curator for the event and artist Chan Shing-kau , doesn't help. 'But we managed to pull together so many artists who represent different styles and genres of Chinese ink,' he says. 'We want to illustrate each artist's uniqueness while at the same time show how they can be placed side by side harmoniously.'
Among the artists showcased are Wucius Wong, Eddie Lui Fung-ngar, Ha Bik-chuen, Chu Hing-wah, Leung Kui-ting, Hung Hoi, Kan Tai-keung and Chung Lap-kwan. While works by Kan and Wong have strong local flavours, Lam Tian-xing and Hung are mainland-trained and their style is more traditional. 'The works are not just paintings but also installations, like works by Kwok Mang-ho, ' says Chan.
'We want to also demonstrate how one medium - Chinese ink - can be used in different art forms and applied with as many techniques as there are artists. We are not talking just about scenic water and mountain paintings.'
The Association wants to make this an annual exhibition and is negotiating with the Hong Kong Museum of Art to explore the possibility of future collaborations.
Cattle Depot Artist Village, 63 Ma Tau Kok Road, To Kwa Wan. Inquiries: 2104 3322
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