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Big Data, Small Media
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1 Cultural Studies Review volume 20 number 2 September pp Grant Bollmer 2014 book review Big Data, Small Media GRANT BOLLMER UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY Andrew Dubber Radio in the Digital Age Polity, Cambridge, 2013 ISBN RRP US$31.95 Charles Ess Digital Media Ethics, Second Edition Polity, Cambridge, 2014 ISBN RRP US$33.95 Graeme Kilpatrick Computer Games and the Social Imaginary Polity, Cambridge, 2013 ISBN RRP US$31.95 ISSN Cultural Studies Review Grant Bollmer. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. Citation: Cultural Studies Review (CSR) 2014, 20, 4087,
2 Dhiraj Murthy Twitter: Social Communication in the Twitter Age Polity, Cambridge, 2013 ISBN RRP US$33.95 Jill Walker Rettberg Blogging, Second Edition Polity, Cambridge, 2013 ISBN RRP US$31.95 What is the relationship between culture and technology? For many within cultural studies, the usual position is to suggest that technology is in some way subservient to human intention, its ultimate function shaped by creative audiences and consumers. The proliferation of technologies in everyday life, through social media, smartphones and various other internet associated devices, has problematised this view as it s increasingly clear that non human things play a massive role in producing and mediating whatever it is we can define as culture. Let me begin with an example that may seem banal but directly cuts to claims we, as cultural studies scholars, have towards understanding our disciplinary object of culture. Google s n gram Viewer is a statistical tool designed to data mine the massive archive of published texts accumulated as Google Books. It was created, in part, to use Google Books to advance a quantitative science of culture dubbed culturomics by its creators, Harvard affiliated Erez Aiden and Jean Baptiste Michel, 1 and promoted in the pages of Science as a way to open books to new cultural studies through computational methods derived from evolutionary biology. 2 Aiden and Michel see the ubiquity of Big Data as that which will render the seemingly subjective claims of the humanities a thing of the past, plotting the data driven truth of culture that has been, to use the title of their popular book, Uncharted until now. 3 An n gram visualises the occurrence of a specific phrase in the entire corpus of Google Books, measured by year, normalised in relation to books published annually, all in accordance with what s in Google s database. In Figure 1 I ve plotted Grant Bollmer Big Data, Small Media 267
3 the terms cultural studies, critical theory, media studies, and digital humanities in the n gram Viewer. Cultural studies peaked in English language books around 2003, after which it dropped at a troubling rate. Critical theory has fared no better it peaked in 1994 and waned from print since. Cultural studies has vastly surpassed critical theory in Google s corpus since the early 1990s, and both exceeded media studies. So what does this n gram tell us? While Aiden and Michel infer that this kind of study can scientifically reveal the truth of culture, I see their method as a reinvention of quantitative content analysis in an age of data analytics, where computers count words as humans did previously, albeit with a scale unmatched prior to Big Data. My example may simply reveal that people who write about cultural studies use the phrase cultural studies more than people who write about critical theory use critical theory. The meaning of a specific phrase is dependent on context in a way not revealed by the n gram Viewer. The limits of available data shape the possibilities for analysis, which are inevitably read according to an interpretive heuristic, acknowledged or not. The absence of the digital humanities from the figure is partially because the n gram Viewer only charts books and its data stops at Yet the limits of data science are often obscured in favour of an ideological totality in which whatever is available online is assumed to represent all that exists. It s not as if an n gram reveals nothing; it reveals more about the politics of truth than about any actual claim to truth, however. The ability to articulate cultural Figure 1: A Google n-gram charting the relative frequency of the phrases cultural studies, critical theory, media studies, and digital humanities in the Google Books corpus 268 VOLUME20 NUMBER2 SEP2014
4 studies as a specific practice depends on understanding the relationship culture has with technology, along with the digital methodologies increasingly applied to objectively understand culture. The mere existence of methods embodied by the n gram Viewer, from which its designers argue a new science of culture will come into being for the first time (and can be called cultural studies, apparently), tells us that cultural studies scholars must engage with technological questions of method, quantification, computerisation and standardisation, even when one s object of study has no overt association with technology. These problems carry with them more than an echo of past debates. Yet cultural studies scholars have often resisted discussions of the power of computers in shaping culture, or, worse, reduced new media to little more than new locations for active audiences participation. 4 The knowledge we produce which should not inherently exclude these new technologies in the name of a mythical purity projected onto hermeneutic and qualitative research must be made to give better accounts of the technological and cultural conditions of knowledge production, alongside the assumptions involved when categories like the technological and the cultural stand in for functions that legitimise and evaluate forms of knowledge. Because technical knowledge is often associated with a pre professional reframing of higher education, cultural studies scholars must also engage in the classroom setting with these same questions. It no longer seems if it ever really was that the university is willing to support forms of knowledge that cannot easily be articulated to techno scientific means of advancing practical experience that either teaches students skills or results in the influx of grant based funding. Obviously, there is an extensive history that I m glossing over, especially since one could argue that the function of the university throughout Western modernity has been to produce a kind of bourgeois citizen and, in its very instantiation, the project of cultural studies has often been anathema to the institution of higher education. 5 Itself a point of articulation in debates about the value of academic research, the limits of theory and the teaching of skills designed to prepare students for a world of technologically informed creative labour, cultural studies must once again reflect on its specificity as a political knowledge practice designed to intervene in specific historical conjunctures. And, I want to suggest, a large part of these problems has to do with cultural studies association with media studies. Grant Bollmer Big Data, Small Media 269
5 The linking of cultural studies to media studies emerges out of a specific institutional and political formation into which cultural studies intervened in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. In its concern for the popular as a locus of political agency, cultural studies often looked to the signifying practices of media representation as a field in which to theorise a possibility for collective struggle in the everyday lives of individuals. At the same time, the study of media and communication expanded because it served as a quasi professional field for training journalists, public relations professionals and workers in the creative industries. Enrolments in media and communications departments increased because of the skills a degree in communications supposedly provides for students who desire to work in media, providing qualifications for entry into an increasingly structured yet precarious workforce. 6 Consequently, cultural studies practitioners who study media have often passed as those who produce useful knowledge for students who desire jobs in cultural industries. In the process the two fields were equated institutionally, as if, to follow Lawrence Grossberg, cultural studies were the study of media (and popular) culture, and media studies necessarily embodied the project of cultural studies. 7 The teaching practice of media studies has, through its disciplinary emphasis on understanding and producing media, narrowed the focus of cultural studies because of the orientation demanded of cultural studies scholars through research evaluation frameworks and the job market, biasing hiring towards those prepared to teach certain courses with relatively standardised canons. The amalgamation of media studies and cultural studies has resulted in decades of articles that examine similar creative practices as if the contemporary context has remained static. For instance, countless investigations of social media today from left activists and neoliberals alike do little more than celebrate the empowerment of individuals producing culture outside the boundaries of market exchange, repeating decades of cultural studies work on television and film audiences, from the encoding/decoding model onwards. Because of cultural studies' inability to produce new narratives about media culture, Grossberg argues that it should potentially abandon the focus on media altogether: The question is, at least for cultural studies: In what way is the concept of media a useful concept around which to organize research on the conjuncture? VOLUME20 NUMBER2 SEP2014
6 From within media studies, new subfields and theoretical paradigms like media archaeology, media ecology and object oriented ontology seem to ask a similar question, if from the reverse perspective: how useful is culture for studying media, especially since cultural studies type work seems to simply restate the centrality of human agency and ignore the material power of the technological? Intervening in today s context would seem to demand a different way of approaching media which means both research and teaching on media in cultural studies must be rethought to reassert the primacy of cultural studies commitment to radical contexualism. In recent years, Polity s Digital Media and Society series has become a fielddefining standard in overviews of new media, often derived not from the traditions of cultural studies but from sociology which suggests that the link between media studies and cultural studies may simply be dissolving organically because of many cultural studies scholars unwillingness to engage with the technological in serious depth. Books in the series walk the line between research monograph and textbook, of interest to postgraduates and researchers but also suitable as set readings for undergraduate courses on media. The books are often written by major theorists and researchers in the field and the series is full of texts that define specific concepts, platforms, or institutions, giving nuanced genealogies of cultural and social theory in relation to present technologies. Books in the series regularly review research on a specific topic to provide an easy introduction to students and scholars interested in any number of major subjects, from YouTube to New Media Activism. There is no uniform model for the volumes in the series. Of the specific books surveyed for this review, Charles Ess s Digital Media Ethics is clearly a textbook while Graeme Kirkpatrick s Computer Games and the Social Imaginary engages with theoretical arguments not inherently intended for students. Jill Walker Rettberg s Blogging and Dhiraj Murthy s Twitter give substantive overviews of a specific technology and associated controversies. They would well serve students interested in the titular subjects and could potentially help researchers review some of the literature on these topics. Andrew Dubber s Radio in the Digital Age provides a primer in how to think about technological change using radio as a locus for a number of cultural and theoretical issues. While not explicitly written as a textbook, Grant Bollmer Big Data, Small Media 271
7 I feel Radio in the Digital Age provides one of the finest introductions available for thinking about technology from a cultural studies perspective. If, as I ve suggested above, cultural studies needs to turn its attention to the technological in the production and shaping of knowledge, and to understanding media in ways that do not simply reproduce decades old narratives about audience empowerment, then Radio in the Digital Age would be an outstanding beginning for thinking about the sheer complexity of the technological without reducing it to any singular dimension, emphasising instead how technology is necessarily articulated into broader contexts. It provides an invaluable model for thinking about technology that would be suitable not only for undergraduates, but also for anyone interested in how to conceptualise technology in a way that emphasises both complexity and specificity. In Radio in the Digital Age, Dubber confronts the challenges digital technologies have levelled at his eponymous medium to investigate how technological change opens up countless questions about how we conceptualise seemingly obvious and mundane technologies in everyday life: My contention is that radio is something specific, he states, but that its specificity is to be located by examining the consistencies that are present within those changing discursive practices that surround it. (15) And these practices are manifold. How can we understand what radio is and what it does given the technological, cultural, and social articulations surrounding its use? Can we think of radio only as a material technology, a thing that transmits sound from one place to another? Or is radio the many social practices and techniques involved with listening? What about the issues of regulation and economy associated with the changes produced by the Internet? Are podcasts radio? Is Spotify? Given that what we think of as radio today is vastly different than what it was in the past, what, exactly, is radio? Dubber explores these questions and many others and refuses to give simple answers. He instead allows these questions to intersect and diffract, demonstrating how radio is an assemblage that changes in relation to different contexts, irreducible to either human practices or technological form. Understanding radio, in the end, reveals far more about the context of the digital than about whatever we can define as radio, because radio cannot be isolated from cultural, technological, social and economic processes. 272 VOLUME20 NUMBER2 SEP2014
8 Dubber s refusal to give simple answers, always leading back to questions of context, is what makes Radio in the Digital Age such a strong book. Similarly, Charles Ess s Digital Media Ethics is another textbook that should be acclaimed because it refuses easy answers and instead calls on students to look at technology from numerous, often contradictory, perspectives. Digital Media Ethics is intended as an introduction to various schools of ethical philosophy, applied to specific cases and controversies related to the internet and social media, from privacy to pornography and beyond. Unlike Radio in the Digital Age, I do not think that Digital Media Ethics could be mistaken for a work of cultural studies given its attention to utilitarianism, deontological ethics and virtue ethics, among other schools of thought. The study of ethics, after all, is often neglected in cultural studies because of an unwillingness to serve as a moral arbiter, to define the true and the good when things are usually more complicated than any one reductive system of difference. Yet this stance, as Ess makes clear, has an implicit system of ethics attached to it. Ess doesn t tell anyone what to think. In the process, he develops a textbook that opens up discussion that emphasises the difficulty of evaluating technology s role in shaping culture and is filled with complicated examples designed to provoke active classroom discussion. Both Radio in the Digital Age and Digital Media Ethics would probably frustrate anyone looking for clear judgments on what technology is doing (and would potentially annoy students looking for easy answers to difficult questions), but they provide outstanding introductions to thinking about technology that could orient students (and researchers) towards larger contextual articulations. I get the impression that Dubber's and Ess s books are exceptional, however. These books give general overviews that inevitably lead to questions not answers about ontology, epistemology, axiology and the politics intrinsic to these philosophical categories. In these two books, technologies do not have clear, defined boundaries; both authors point towards the difficulties involved with making claims about what technologies are and do. This is not the case for all of the books in the New Media and Society series though, I should state, this is not inherently a criticism. Dhiraj Murthy s Twitter and Jill Walker Rettberg s Blogging both examine a specific form of participatory media and give an overview of the history and issues surrounding these technologies position in contemporary life. These two books follow a similar model. They give historical and theoretical context to their titular Grant Bollmer Big Data, Small Media 273
9 media before delving into the many issues and controversies surrounding that medium's use. Blogging begins by positioning blogs in relation to the McLuhanite teleology of orality, literacy and second orality, before discussing topics such as citizen journalism, branding and the use of blogs as a way of narrating the self. Twitter, similarly, provides a historical and theoretical perspective through which to understand the technology, derived from McLuhan, Heidegger and Erving Goffman, among others, before examining Twitter s use in disasters, activism, public health and, like Blogging, citizen journalism. These books are essential reading for anyone interested in the specific technologies on which they focus; they give clear overviews of popular issues related to participatory media s role in shaping contemporary social and political relations. While they provide excellent overviews of these issues, I m not sure if either book provides the same grounding in how to think about technology as do both Radio in the Digital Age and Digital Media Ethics. In focusing on a specific technology or platform, Blogging and Twitter perpetuate a view that specific forms of social media can be parcelled out and isolated. As a result, they end up as limited, if focused, explorations of a single technology. They never quite make it to larger issues of context. These books are useful guides for their respective subjects, though their explanatory power is partial because of their focus and neither Blogging nor Twitter has an explicitly political intention with its intellectual practice. This is not the case for Graeme Kirkpatrick s Computer Games and the Social Imaginary. Unlike the other books in the New Media and Society series reviewed here, Computer Games and the Social Imaginary is explicitly a theoretical and political intervention into gaming as a technology that performs a specific form of social relation under contemporary capitalism. Drawing on the work of Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello, and echoing similar arguments made by Nick Dyer Witheford, among others, Kirkpatrick makes a strong case for a critical theory of gaming, unmasking surface appearances of fun and play to reveal how games reproduce a way of imagining society that parallels and naturalises similar transformations in the contemporary operation of capitalism. Kirkpatrick draws on the history of computers to chronicle the rise in the popularity of the computer game and the birth of the gamer as an identity category. He notes, in the process, the various articulations of sexism and cynicism that characterise the political 274 VOLUME20 NUMBER2 SEP2014
10 relations embodied in gaming as a social and cultural act. Computer Games and the Social Imaginary is filled with countless insights, many of which I would imagine to be contested by those who self identify as gamers Kirkpatrick critiques this identity as something that veils deeply problematic and discriminatory relations of power. Gamers probably wouldn t be the only readers who disagree with Kirkpatrick. Critical theory and cultural studies, while often conflated because of similar theoretical touchstones, are not the same thing. Kirkpatrick s critique cuts directly to the fan practices that cultural studies scholars have often assumed to be resistant or empowering, demonstrating how these assumptions can negate the ability to recognise forms of oppression. Yet, at the same time, Kirkpatrick s book may seem to be telling well worn narratives about capitalism and technology that go back to Adorno and Horkheimer. I would not disagree, though he draws our attention to the role capitalism and technology continue to play in organising and standardising everyday life a fact that should not be neglected as often as it has been in cultural studies work on technology. But this brings us back to some of my earlier concerns. Are we stuck in repeating the same stories about technological control on one hand, given to us from critical theory and the medium theory of Marshall McLuhan, and audience empowerment on the other? While I was a PhD student, one of the early historical narratives of cultural studies told to me involved the desire held by those at Birmingham to do sociology better than the sociologists. Today s research on new media demonstrates that this goal was accomplished in a number of ways. Sociological work on new media and the internet regularly cite early cultural studies landmarks like Resistance Through Rituals and Subculture: The Meaning of Style; 9 it often assumes that audiences are active; it examines the complex and varied practices of the everyday in shaping reality. These are all areas to which cultural studies work on media has directed us. Yet, while cultural studies has transformed sociology in many ways, the emphasis on new media and technology has now changed just what it means to study society and culture. We cannot assume technologies to be mere receptacles for human desires. At the same time, we cannot assume humans are completely determined by the technological. At its best, the books of Polity s Digital Media and Society series begin some of the work thinking beyond this impasse Dubber s Radio in the Digital Age, especially. But, in the face of data metrics, evaluation frameworks and the Grant Bollmer Big Data, Small Media 275
11 professionalisation of education, in which the norms of the technological increasingly define and shape both teaching and research, one of the tasks of cultural studies should be to keep theorising technology in the classroom and in our writing, inventing new narratives, intervening through the production of new and different knowledge. For cultural studies to grasp the significance of technology in creating this world, in shaping knowledge and truth for cultural studies to intervene in today s context then we must rethink the stories we tell ourselves about humans and technological agency. We must once again do sociology better than the sociologists, and this time we must do it with the quantification of Big Data on the horizon. Grant Bollmer is a lecturer in the Digital Cultures Program, Department of Media and Communication, at the University of Sydney. He has published articles in journals such as Cultural Studies, The Information Society and Memory Studies. He can be contacted via at or over Twitter NOTES 1 Jean Baptiste Michel, Yuan Kui Shen, Aviva Presser Aiden, Adrian Veres, Matthew K. Gray, The Google Books Team, Joseph P. Pickett, Dale Hoiberg, Dan Clancy, Peter Norvig, Jon Orwant, Steven Pinker, Martin A. Nowak and Erez Lieberman Aiden, Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books, Science, vol. 331, 2011, pp John Bohannon, Google Opens Books to New Cultural Studies, Science, vol. 330, 2010, p Erez Aiden and Jean Baptiste Michel, Uncharted: Big Data as a Lens on Human Culture, Riverhead Books, New York, David Golumbia, Computers and Cultural Studies, in Robert Kolker (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Film and Media Studies, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008, pp Cf. Bill Readings, The University in Ruins, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, See, for instance, Vicki Mayer, Below the Line: Producers and Production Studies in the New Television Economy, Duke University Press, Durham, Lawrence Grossberg, Cultural Studies in the Future Tense, Duke University Press, Durham, 2010, p Ibid., p VOLUME20 NUMBER2 SEP2014
12 9 Stuart Hall and Tony Jefferson (eds), Resistance Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post War Britain, Routledge, London, 1976; Dick Hebdige, Subculture: The Meaning of Style, Routledge, London, BIBLIOGRAPHY Aiden, E. and Jean Baptiste Michel, Uncharted: Big Data as a Lens on Human Culture, Riverhead Books, New York, Bohannon, J., Google Opens Books to New Cultural Studies, Science, vol. 330, 2010, p doi: Golumbia, D., Computers and Cultural Studies, in Robert Kolker (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Film and Media Studies, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Grossberg, L., Cultural Studies in the Future Tense, Duke University Press, Durham, doi: Hall, S. and T. Jefferson (eds), Resistance Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post War Britain, Routledge, London, Hebdige, D., Subculture: The Meaning of Style, Routledge, London, Kolker, R. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Film and Media Studies, Oxford University Press, Oxford, doi: Mayer, V., Below the Line: Producers and Production Studies in the New Television Economy, Duke University Press, Durham, doi: Michel, J B., Y. K. Shen, A. Presser Aiden, A. Veres, M. K. Gray, The Google Books Team, J. P. Pickett, D. Hoiberg, D. Clancy, P. Norvig, J. Orwant, S. Pinker, M. A. Nowak and E. Lieberman Aiden, Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books, Science, vol. 331, Readings, B., The University in Ruins, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, Grant Bollmer Big Data, Small Media 277
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- Home
- Sports Nutrition
- MRM All Natural Isolate Whey Protein - Chocolate, 2 lbs
MRM All Natural Isolate Whey Protein - Chocolate, 2 lbs
Product Description
Natural Isolate Whey Protein
Isolate Whey Protein is 100% all natural and yields an amazing 24g of protein per serving, with essentially no cholesterol or fat and delivers an unprecedented delicious, creamy taste. MRM's Isolate uses only the highest quality Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) which is micro-filtered at low temperatures to maintain the proteins integrity throughout the process. WPI is fast digesting and best taken immediately after intense training and first thing in the morning when fast-acting protein can be best utilized. Lower in lactose than other protein products, individuals with mild lactose sensitivity can generally tolerate Whey Protein Isolates better than other dairy containing products.
MRM has added Digest-ALL® AP(a blend of plant based enzymes) to our 100% All Natural Whey Protein Isolate to ensure optimal digestion and absorption as well as to help eliminate gas and bloating. Digest-ALL® AP is designed to boost the body's ability to convert proteins to higher amounts of free-form amino acids for health and fitness, ultimately leading to better lean muscle gain.*
Protein is made up of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of your muscles and body. Your stomach begins to digest the proteins with hydrochloric acid that breaks them down into simpler forms (Di and Tri-Peptides) making them easier to be absorbed. When proteins get absorbed into the bloodstream, they are sent to various parts of your body to perform various functions, including repairing and building muscle tissues, supporting your immune system, and transporting oxygen in your red blood cells.*
Having a sufficient amount of protein will put you in a positive Nitrogen balance, or an anabolic state. Being in an anabolic state will allow you to build muscle, burn body fat and stay energized.* On the contrast, if you have a negative Nitrogen balance because of inadequate or inconsistent protein intake you risk being in a catabolic state (muscle breakdown). Consuming protein each meal throughout the day will ensure you have an adequate supply of amino acids without consuming a surplus of calories.
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Connecting Families to Senior Living
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23154 Wetstone Lane
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Pricing is available for the following rooms:
*Prices quoted are monthly rental charges and are provided by the communities themselves. Actual prices may differ due to one-time fees, timing and care services required. Speak with your Senior Living Advisor to learn more.
Our apologies. Pricing is currently unavailable for this particular community.
Spring Village at Wildewood is an assisted living community located in California, St. Mary's County, Maryland. This is natures paradise, surrounded by lush bushes and wildlife our community has a resort feel with a very clean, comfortable atmosphere. We are a very active community which also offers guaranteed memory care for residents with Alzheimer's and dementia. Our care is always provided by licensed staff with love, respect and dignity. We are a small, intimate community that is well aware of the need for safety, comfort and overall well being. Your loved one will thrive in our Senior Community. Each of our residents has an individualized care plan that best suits their needs for a physical, emotional as well as spiritual well being. Here at Spring Village we understand the difficult decision involved when finding a place for your loved one. It is important that they enter this stage of their lives with confidence, care and respect. Our amenities and services include: Fully licensed nurses Recreation staff Dining services with fresh, nutritious meals and snacks Consulting physicians Professional personal caregivers Consulting podiatry Occupational therapy Physical therapy Dental hygiene services We look forward to hearing from you soon, so we can provide you with all the answers to any questions or concerns you may have. We are committed to making sure that your very special loved one will be safe, comfortable and at home here at Spring Village.
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DBX 120A Sub Harmonic Processor
dbx 120A Subharmonic Synthesizer with Modeled Waveform Synthesis
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- Read More
Flexible system interfacing is achieved by providing both 1/4 inch and RCA input connectors, along with main outputs which can be full range (including synthesis) or high frequency only, along with a separate subwoofer output with its own level control.
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Additional Information
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League of Legends Ahri by twndomnWatch
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Paul Ferguson has two selections for us on Saturday; Gabrial The Great in the Perth 5.50 and Maison De Ville in the Market Rasen 7.45. Compare odds and bet.
Having missed much tougher assignments in the Summer Hurdle at Market Rasen or the Galway Hurdle, Donald McCain's Gabrial The Great (5:50) can complete the four-timer at Perth this afternoon.
The former smart Flat performer has got his act together since returning to hurdles in May and, though he still races keener than you'd like, he is going the right way and faces optimum conditions today.
Unless the ground deteriorates overnight, he will be tough to peg back under Sam Twiston-Davies, with his main market rival Gold Futures looking in need of further. Regular readers will know he is also a young hurdler that I like, but I'd have preferred to see him over half-a-mile further in this grade, so Gabrial The Great gets the vote. He was available at 6-4 with Paddy Power last night.
Sticking with handicap hurdlers and Maison De Ville (7:45) is fancied to defy top weight on her handicap debut for Brian Ellison and AP McCoy at Market Rasen.
The six-year-old was impressive when winning a novice hurdle at the track in February, after which she fairly bolted up in an ordinary mares' event at Sedgefield.
The step up to 3m should not pose any problems and, if she is tuned up after her 158-day absence, she ought to prove difficult to beat.
The rejuvenated Master Of The Hall goes well here, but faces an unexposed and improving mare here. She is taken to land the prize and was generally trading at 7-4 last night.
Saturday's selections:
5:50 Perth: Gabrial The Great; 6/4 bet365
7:45 Market Rasen: Maison De Ville; 7/4 bet365
Compare all today's horse racing odds and bet at the best prices
Paul Ferguson's Jumpers To Follow 2014-15
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Pembrokeshire homeowners urged to remember their duty of care whilst spring-cleaning
By Observer Reporter in Environment
With two thirds of illegally dumped waste in Wales coming from households, Fly-tipping Action Wales is urging those taking part in National Spring Cleaning Week (6th - 10th March) to take pride in the quality of their local community and dispose of their unwanted household items responsibly.
As we head towards spring, homeowners, landlords and DIY enthusiasts across the nation will be having a traditional clear out. Fly-tipping Action Wales is asking people to make sure they use a registered waste carrier to collect any unwanted large household items or to donate them to a local charity store.
Gary Evans, programme manager at Fly-tipping Action Wales explains:
"Spring tends to be the time of year when it is out with the old and in with the new, but all too often these unwanted items such as old fridges, TVs and sofas, end up illegally dumped on the streets and across our beautiful countryside. Last year there were over 36,000 fly-tipping incidents across Wales at a clean-up cost to the tax payer of £2.1 million.
"We're harnessing National Spring Cleaning Week again this year, to remind home owners and landlords to always use a registered waste carrier to remove unwanted household items. You can do this by always asking where they are taking your waste and by checking that they are a registered waste carrier on the Natural Resources Wales website."
"Not everyone is aware that as householders, we all have a duty of care both socially and legally to make sure that waste from our homes is disposed of properly. If you don't and your household items are found dumped, you could be fined up to £5,000, even if it's someone else who has fly-tipped your waste."
One solution for making sure unwanted household items are not illegally dumped but also remain out of landfills is to think of them as a resource for someone else, and donate your goods to local charities. As well as traditional charitable organisations who sell-on second hand items, there are a number of recycling and up-cycling organisations across Wales, with many of them collecting large items from people's homes free of charge.
Jenny Sims from Haverfordwest based recycling charity Pembrokeshire Frame said: "Our mission is to reuse domestic items to keep waste off the streets and out of landfills, and give it a new lease of life for someone's home. We re-cycle and up-cycle all sorts of household goods from larger items such as suites, wardrobes and sideboards to smaller items such as bric-a-brac, clothing and books.
"We collect items from people's homes free of charge or you can drop your goods off to our warehouses. We make sure everything checked before it leaves us, and has been refurbished to the best possible standard. So there is no reason why anything that is re-usable should end up dumped illegally or sent to landfill."
For further advice and guidance on how to dispose of large unwanted items legally and responsibly this spring, visit www.flytippingactionwales.org.


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The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) on Jan. 10 reduced its forecast for dry natural gas production in 2017 to 73.78 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d), up slightly from last year but shy of the previous month's forecast of 74.80 Bcf/d.
That means dry gas production would fail for the second year in a row to meet the record high of 74.14 Bcf/d produced on average in 2015, according to the EIA's Short Term Energy Outlook (STEO) in January.
Dry gas output in 2016 averaged 72.36 Bcf/d as low energy prices reduced drilling activity. It was the first annual production decline since 2005.
EIA projected dry gas production would rebound in 2018 to a record high of 76.62 Bcf/d.
The EIA also cut its forecast U.S. gas consumption to 75.37 Bcf/d in 2017 from the December forecast of 75.96 Bcf/d. That would still top the 2016 record high for gas demand of 75.07 Bcf/d and would be the eighth annual record in a row.
EIA forecast gas demand in 2018 would rise to a new all-time high of 76.85 Bcf/d.
EIA said the U.S. became a net exporter of gas in November as sales of LNG and pipeline flows to Mexico increased, while imports from Canada eased. It said the next month that will happen will be in October 2017.
But on an annualized basis, the U.S. was not expected to become a net exporter of gas until 2018, according to federal data. The U.S. was last a full-year net exporter of gas in 1957.
EIA projected coal would retake its long standing lead as the primary fuel for power generators in 2017 with gas prices expected to increase by about 40%. Coal lost its title to gas in 2016 when gas prices dropped to their lowest since 1999.
EIA projected coal's share of generation will rise to 32.5% in 2017 from 30.4% in 2016. Prior to 2016, coal had been the primary fuel for U.S. power plants for the last century.
EIA projected coal will again lose its crown to gas in 2018 as gas production increases while generators retire more coal plants for environmental and economic reasons.
EIA projected gas' share of power generation would rise to 32.8% in 2018 from 32.3% in 2017, still below 34% in 2016. Coal's share of generation will decline to 31.6% in 2018.
Crude Set To Rise
The EIA expects U.S. crude oil production in 2018 to rise by 300,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) year-on-year, according to its STEO released Jan. 10.
The agency said that crude production will rise to 9.3 MMbbl/d next year from 9 MMbbl/d in 2017. It revised its 2017 U.S. crude output figure to rise by 110,000 bbl/d from last month's forecast of a 80,000 bbl/d year-over-year decline.
Meanwhile, U.S. oil demand for 2018 is set to grow by 370,000 bbl/d to 20.22 MMbbl/d. For 2017, demand is forecasted to grow by 260,000 bbl/d compared to 240,000 bbl/d growth forecast previously.


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While it may not be difficult to find replacement parts for Jeep vehicles, these days only the absolute best are required to repair your car or truck. The vehicle in your driveway symbolizes the best in class when it comes to all the cars, trucks, and SUVs currently being driven today. You purchased your Liberty because its ruggedness and versatility struck a chord inside you; so why would you be okay with anything but the best when it comes to superior quality auto parts? Anyone who owns a Jeep knows that when it comes to fixing their vehicle only the most superior replacement parts will do.
Keeping the interiors of our cars and trucks cool and comfortable has been possible since HVAC was pioneered around 70 years ago. The air conditioning uses a refrigerant called R134a to fuel a thermal reaction that emits cold air, and it tends to accumulate moisture as it cycles through the HVAC system in your Jeep Liberty. Your car's A/C receiver drier is installed between the condenser and the expansion valve, and it separates the water from the refrigerant so that it can go on to cool your passenger compartment. Each time your vehicle's air conditioning gets serviced and parts are replaced, you must change your Jeep Liberty A/C receiver drier or accumulator.
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The quartet, is composed of vocalist Mitch Arnold, guitarist Phillip Vilenski, bassist Dean Pizzazz, and drummer Tyler Coburn . Only Vilenski is actually from Wayland. Arnold lives in Bloomington, Indiana, even though the other Michigan boys, Coburn and Pizzazz come from Middleville and Mt. Clemens, respectively. Still, all view the Midwest work ethic and blue-collar attitude. This comes through for the band's EP, Welcome to My Head.
Murkowski were built with a lead of approximately 10,000 votes, a total that also includes 8,153 ballots by which Miller observers challenged over such things as misspellings, extra words or legibility issues. Murkowski's camp retaliated back saying, 'How many Tea Partiers can even spell to challenge that'? (FYI: This may or may not have actually transpired.)
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One Touch Wireless is located at 300 W Clinton St, Gray, GA. This business specializes in Cellular Providers.
One Touch Wireless can be found at W Clinton St 300. The following is offered: Cellular Phones. The entry is present with us since Sep 8, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Gray there are 2 other Cellular Phones. An overview can be found here.
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To make reservations by phone, dial freephone 0800 221 222 in the UK, 1 800 409 929 in Ireland, or view our regional telephone reservation numbers.
Residence Inn Salt Lake City Murray
171 East 5300 South
Murray, Utah 84107 USA
171 East 5300 South
Murray, Utah 84107
Check-in and Check-out
Free Breakfast
High-Speed Internet Access
Property Details
Smoke-free Policy
Pet Policy
General Room Amenities
Bathroom Amenities
Room Entertainment
Kitchen Amenities
Business Amenities
Driving Directions from Airport
Salt Lake City International Airport - SLC
Airport Phone: +1 801 575 2400
Hotel direction: 9.4 miles S
This hotel does not provide shuttle service.
Travel 0.8 mile west on 400 South/West University Boulevard toward South Main Street and turn left onto South 500 West. Travel 0.1 mile and turn right onto the ramp for Interstate 15 South/Interstate 80 East. Travel 0.2 mile, keep left at the fork in the road and follow signs for Interstate 15 South/Las Vegas/Interstate 80 East/Cheyenne. Merge onto Interstate 15 South/Interstate 80 East. Travel 2.5 miles and keep left to continue on Interstate 15 South. Travel 4.5 miles to exit 300 for UT-173/5300 South. Keep left at the fork in the road and follow signs for Murray/Hospital. Turn left onto 5300 South/Spartan Street and travel east to the hotel at 171 East 5300 South.
For more information call the general manager of the hotel


text: Fiona Bennett (born 1966 in Brighton/England) is a hat designer, milliner in Germany and beyond german borders. Her hats adorned the cover of Vogue, all the major fashion magazines refine their photo shoots with her creations. Celebrities worldwide contribute Fiona Bennett models, exclusive department stores around the globe carry her second line "Kiss by Fiona Bennett". But what are the facts, figures and statistics when you can tell a story. She created a headpiece worn by Lady Gaga.


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Alan Gordon (San Jose Earthquakes) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
MLS All-Stars vs. Real Madrid is August 2. Limited tickets left!
Time is running out for your chance to see European champions Real Madrid face the best of MLS. Get your tickets to the 2017 MLS All-Star Game presented by Target.


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Yvonne wins her first Grammy award for the Eighth Blackbird album Filament: Best Chamber Music - Small Ensemble Performance
Eighth Blackbird plays works from their Grammy-winning album Filament, works by David Lang and John Luther Adams, as well as a premiere of a work by Pascal LeBoeuf.
Eighth Blackbird performs at Eaux Claires!
Eighth Blackbird teams up with members of San Francisco Symphony in Reich's Double Sextet for their opening weekend.
September 25, 2016 @ 8:30pm
September 26, 2016
Music for 18 Musicians with Third Coast Percussion
Hand Eye
October 13 @ 7pm
October 14 @ 5pm
October 15 @ 2pm
A world premiere of a work by David Lang commissioned by the Arts Club.
Hand Eye


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Not all of us a bursting with creative game ideas, but there are several ways to go about creating a game that will assist even the busiest and most reluctant game designer.
In this article for teachers, Liz Woodham describes the criteria she uses to choose mathematical games for the classroom and shares some examples from NRICH.
Gillian Hatch analyses what goes on when mathematical games are used as a pedagogic device.
This article supplies teachers with information that may be useful in better understanding the nature of games and their role in teaching and learning mathematics.
This article, the second in the series, looks at some different types of games and the sort of mathematical thinking they can develop.
A game somewhat similar to 'noughts and crosses' on a much larger space.
Basic strategy games are particularly suitable as starting points for investigations. Players instinctively try to discover a winning strategy, and usually the best way to do this is to analyse. . . .
A number card game for 2-6 players.
A game for two players. You'll need some counters and somewhere to draw a board.
A fun puzzle with tantrix tiles.
Here is a version of the game 'Happy Families' for you to make and play.
Try this version of Snap with a friend - do you know the order of the days of the week?
You'll need two dice to play this game against a partner. Will Incey Wincey make it to the top of the drain pipe or the bottom of the drain pipe first?
Reasoning based on this Japanese activity.
Nim-7 game for an adult and child. Who will be the one to take the last counter?
Incey Wincey Spider game for an adult and child. Will Incey get to the top of the drainpipe?
Can you use the numbers on the dice to reach your end of the number line before your partner beats you?
In this game, you can add, subtract, multiply or divide the numbers on the dice. Which will you do so that you get to the end of the number line first?
A game played with a standard pack of cards.
A game for 2 people using a pack of cards Turn over 2 cards and try to make an odd number or a multiple of 3.
A shunting puzzle for 1 person. Swop the positions of the counters at the top and bottom of the board.
A complicated game played on a 9 x 9 checkered grid.
Take it in turns to make a triangle on the pegboard. Can you block your opponent?
A train building game for 2 players.
Who said that adding couldn't be fun?
Work out the fractions to match the cards with the same amount of money.
This is a challenging game of strategy for two players with many interesting variations.
This is a game for 2 players. Each player has 4 counters each, and wins by blocking their opponent's counters. A good follow-on from two stones.
The game uses a 3x3 square board. 2 players take turns to play, either placing a red on an empty square, or changing a red to orange, or orange to green. The player who forms 3 of 1 colour in a line. . . .
A game for 2 or more people. Starting with 100, subratct a number from 1 to 9 from the total. You score for making an odd number, a number ending in 0 or a multiple of 6.
A game for 2 or more players with a pack of cards. Practise your skills of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division to hit the target score.
Have a go at this game which involves throwing two dice and adding their totals. Where should you place your counters to be more likely to win?
A game for 1 person to develop stategy and shape and space awareness. 12 counters are placed on a board. Counters are removed one at a time. The aim is to be left with only 1 counter.
Match the halves.
A card pairing game involving knowledge of simple ratio.
Take it in turns to place a domino on the grid. One to be placed horizontally and the other vertically. Can you make it impossible for your opponent to play?
Use your addition and subtraction skills, combined with some strategic thinking, to beat your partner at this game.
Some Games That May Be Nice or Nasty for an adult and child. Use your knowledge of place value to beat your opponent.
Train game for an adult and child. Who will be the first to make the train?
Dicey Operations for an adult and child. Can you get close to 1000 than your partner?
Got It game for an adult and child. How can you play so that you know you will always win?
First Connect Three game for an adult and child. Use the dice numbers and either addition or subtraction to get three numbers in a straight line.
Four Go game for an adult and child. Will you be the first to have four numbers in a row on the number line?
Board Block game for two. Can you stop your partner from being able to make a shape on the board?
Totality game for an adult and child. Be the first to reach your agreed total.
Stop the Clock game for an adult and child. How can you make sure you always win this game?
Shut the Box game for an adult and child. Can you turn over the cards which match the numbers on the dice?
Strike it Out game for an adult and child. Can you stop your partner from being able to go?
In this game for two players, the aim is to make a row of four coins which total one dollar.


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1. Re: How to import two single instance databases to Oracle 11gR2 RACkuljeet singh - Nov 2, 2012 6:53 AM (in response to User305774)
875554 wrote:create tablespace before import if structure is different
We need to import two legacy databases that use ASM but are single instance with 10.2 and 22.214.171.124 versions to a two node Oracle 11gR2 (220.127.116.11) RAC and ASM environment on Oracle Linux 5.5.
Issue is how to do this from two database export dump files? RAC uses one shared database. Can I use the data pump import command to import the two Oracle database dmp files to RAC? How would I do this without knowing the schema/database structures of the two legacy Oracle databases?
or use
REMAP_DATAFILE Redefine datafile references in all DDL statements.
and perform import one by one from these dmp files.


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In the cathedral of Barcelona there is a side chapel with a large crucifix above the altar. It has great historic significance.
This crucifix was placed on the bow of the Spanish flagship leading a fleet of warships into naval battle with Muslim forces at the Battle of Lepanto off the coast of Greece in the Mediterranean Sea on Oct. 7, 1571. The Spanish were part of a coalition of Catholic powers in Southern Europe that joined to repel Turkish advances into their territories.
The Turks, for whom Islam was the state religion as well as a powerful inspiring force, already had footholds in Europe. The Balkans were under Turkish rule. While the majority of people living in the Balkan peninsula were Christians, many were Muslim. A considerable number of residents of Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina and elsewhere in the region are Muslim today.
Before 1500, Spain had been home for many Muslims.
The Southern European Catholic powers thought that if Turkish force went unchecked, Islam would become more and more of a threat. In those days, religious conflicts were many. Farther north in Europe, the Reformation was well under way. Historically, Catholic societies were turning to Protestantism.
Rarely were these transitions smooth and uneventful. Everybody played for keeps. The Catholics had many martyrs, as did Protestants.
In this very tense atmosphere, Lepanto occurred. Pope St. Pius V had been a major figure in bringing together the Southern European Catholic powers. He placed the entire expedition under the protection of the Blessed Mother, and the sailors and their commanders responded. The Rosary became the hallmark of the engagement, as thousands upon thousands of Catholics went into the battle, and through the battle, praying the Rosary.
After the Catholic victory, Pope Pius V, who was a Dominican and was devoted to the Rosary, established Oct. 7 as the feast of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary. The Catholic Church still observes the feast on this day.
The pontiff also perpetually exempted Spanish Catholics from the then-universal rule of abstaining from meat on Fridays. This exemption extended to the colonies Spain formed in South America and in the Pacific. When these areas achieved independence, they still enjoyed this dispensation.
Life for many Americans today would be different, in the religious sense, if the Catholic fleet had been defeated at Le-panto in 1571. There would not be the rule that most people of French, Italian or Spanish descent would be Catholics.
The relationship between Christianity and Islam has been filled with violence and struggle. It now is hard to imagine that the Middle East and North Africa, including Egypt and Turkey, once were heavily Christian. They were. The small Christian populations in the area have a long history, as Christianity has had such an ancient presence.
It is heavy baggage to carry as Catholics today seek to follow the urgings of recent popes to respect Islam and to live with Muslims in good will. It is heavy baggage for Muslims to carry as they look upon Christianity and Christians.
The popes — including Pope Benedict XVI — are right, however. The cultural battle of this century is between believing in a Supreme Being or not.
Much of the baggage could be put down if Christians and Muslims better understood each other. Current events have not helped this process. Christians see Muslims as terrorists. Muslims see Christians as hating Islam. Nothing good will come if these misunderstandings continue, if everybody still clutches the old, heavy baggage.
Msgr. Owen F. Campion is OSV's associate publisher.
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