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text:
A: Air seems nebulous, but it's massive. Earth's gravity pulls air molecules down, squeezing them together.
Air languishing at Earth's surface has 200 miles of atmosphere above and a weight of 14.7 pounds (6.67 kg) on each square inch (6 square centimeters). At 18,000 feet high, the weight above halves and the air is twice as thin.
Further Reading:
•Williams, Jack, The USA Today Weather Book (Vintage Press, 1997).
Q: I was taught in school that gravity is a force between two masses. And that the speed of light is the fastest something can travel, because light has no mass. So why can light not escape from a black hole? If it has no mass, how can it be under the influence of gravity? (Lakenheath, England)
A2: Much of what you were taught is valid even under the terrible constraints of a black hole. The speed of light is, indeed, the fastest any object can go. Gravity is an interaction between two masses. Photons (light particles) are massless. Then, how does a black hole's gravity trap light or, more generally, how can gravity influence light?
"This is deep water," says Rod Nave, physicist at Georgia State University but suggests thinking about how gravity bends light.
We first tested Einstein's General Theory of Relativity with this effect. His theory predicted that a massive object, like the Sun, would bend light. Sure enough, during the solar eclipse of 1919, we observed the light from a star behind our Sun only because the Sun's gravity field bent the star's light. Otherwise, the Sun would have blocked the starlight. So, we have observed gravity influencing light.
The reason behind gravity's ability to bend light is something called the principle of equivalence. Einstein stated we can't tell the difference between the effects of gravity and those of a reference frame (like an elevator) that's smoothly accelerating with the same acceleration as gravity.
A ball released in an elevator rising with 1G (32 feet/sec/sec or 9.8 m/sec/sec) acceleration will look exactly like it's falling from a person's hand in a stationary room. The ball will get closer and closer to the rising elevator floor until it hits.
Thus, the released ball in the rising elevator has an "inertial mass", which is exactly equivalent to its "gravitational mass" when it falls to the ground. Moreover, photons have inertial mass (similar to that of air particles moving in the wind). Photons, for example, bop against a solar sail. The sail moves away from the bounced photon like a struck punching bag.
Since photons have inertial mass, they have an equivalent gravitational mass. Gravity influences light (for instance, bending it) via the photon's gravitational mass.
Inside a black hole, gravity is so extreme it can bend light back down into the black hole. "It's like the trajectory of a tossed baseball that has no chance of escaping Earth," says Nave.
Further Surfing:
•WonderQuest: Black holes die, but it takes a while
•HyperPhysics by Rod Nave: Black holes
Q: What's the record for the smallest egg? (Panama City, Florida)
A: Guinness World Records says the smallest bird egg was laid on Oct. 5, 1998 by a posture canary. It was a piddling 0.275 inches (7 mm) long and 0.2 inches (5.25 mm) in diameter — about the size of a pea.
Q: Is there a record for the world's smallest chicken egg? (Tippecanoe, Ohio)
A: I can't find it if there is. About the closest I can come is Farm Life talk: "I found a brown egg the size of an acorn in the coop," says Tim R. Lambert, Maine farmer, about the smallest chicken egg his bantam and Barred Rock hens ever laid. (You can see a picture of Tim's egg on the WonderQuest site.)
•Yorkshire Canary Club
•Canary Classics: The border fancy canary (a Victorian-times posture canary)
•Garden Web: Farm life forum
(Answered Feb. 6, 2004)
April Holladay, science journalist for USATODAY.COM, lives in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A few years ago Holladay retired early from computer engineering to canoe the flood-swollen Mackenzie, Canada's largest river. Now she writes a column about nature and science. If you have a question for April, please e-mail us.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
April, 2014
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House Judiciary Committee – Orphan Works and the PLUS Solution
On April 2, 2014 – Congress' House Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet held a hearing titled Preservation and reuse of Copyrighted Works about orphan works, and asked for insights into matters regarding the need to preserve copyrighted works.
Testimony was heard from the Library of Congress, Gregory Lukow, Chief, Packard Campus for Audio Visual Conservation, The Library of Congress (testimony PDF); Mr. Richard Rudick, Co-Chair, Section 108 Study Group (testimony .doc file); Mr. James Neal, Vice President for Information Services and University Librarian, Columbia University (testimony PDF); Ms. Jan Constantine, General Counsel, The Authors Guild (testimony .doc file); Mr. Michael C. Donaldson, Partner, Donaldson + Callif, LLP (testimony PDF); and Mr. Jeffrey Sedlik, President and Chief Executive Officer, PLUS Coalition (testimony PDF). Much of the testimony was about preservation, and the questioning of the need for new laws related to orphan works was discussed at length over the course of two hours.
Jeff Sedlik's PLUS Coalition testimony proved to be most relevant to visual artists, given the presentation of PLUS as a solution to the problem of orphan works. Prior to the hearing, Sedlik spoke with the committee chairman, Rep. Howard Coble (R-NC) (as seen below).
Below is a video that combines Sedlik's testimony from the hearing – it's well worth watching to better understand how orphan works will return to the fore, and what is being done to solve the problem.
Disclaimer: I sit on the boards of the American Society of Media Photographers and the National Press Photographers Association, both of whom have provided substantial funds to support the development of PLUS. Each organizations' initial funding of PLUS pre-dates my role on the boards.
Please post your comments by clicking the link below. If you've got questions, please pose them in our Photo Business Forum Flickr Group Discussion Threads.


text: Butterick 2374; ca. 1963; Girls' Kilt and Pleated Skirt. (A) Kilt. (B) Short version without fringe. (C) Pleated skirt. Contents[show] Links to reviews/blog postsEdit Sources/VendorsEdit GalleryEdit WishlistEdit Retrieved from "http://vintagepatterns.wikia.com/wiki/Butterick_2374?oldid=596704" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Vintage Sewing Patterns Butterick 1960s Girls Children Skirts Kilts Pleats Fringe Mini Panel Pleats Knife Pleats Flared Skirts Add category Cancel Save


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 10, 1998
|Filing date
|Jul 12, 1996
|Priority date
|Jul 12, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Sang-yuen Cho, Gyung-ho Lee
|Original Assignee
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (26), Classifications (10), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to the data processing arts and, more particularly to a shared-bus multiprocessor data processing apparatus utilizing shared memory caches and private caches at each processor node of the apparatus.
Generally, a shared-bus multiprocessors computer architecture includes at least one, and typically a plurality of, central processing unit(s) (CPU) and local memory, I/O, etc. resident at each of a plurality of nodes. Often physical memory address space may be permanently divided into two regions: the lower half being local memory (most significant bit="0"), accessible only by the processor(s) at the local node, while the upper half (most significant bit="1") defines shared memory, which may be accessible by all nodes. There frequently is no hardware support to maintain coherency among copies of shared data blocks contained in a plurality of nodes within the architecture. In such a case, coherency has mainly been left entirely to the software.
The Bull HN Shared Buffer Architecture (SBA) expands upon this architecture by introducing a hardware mechanism that maintains coherency among copies of data that originated in the shared memory of a particular node that is accessible to all nodes, but are contained in the cache memories at nodes elsewhere in the architecture. This improves the performance of the architecture by permitting the different nodes to perform some operations on shared data in parallel and with shorter access times.
A variation of SBA, the Bull HN Distributed Shared Buffer Architecture (DSBA) uses distributed shared memory instead of a centralized shared memory, a configuration which has a number of advantages in terms of performance and availability as well as compatibility with some existing computer products. The address division between private and shared memory at the individual nodes remains the same, but the shared memory blocks are replicated at each node of the architecture, thus the shared memory permits a simultaneous read access by all nodes. A hardware coherency mechanism ensures that the data in the shared memories remains coherent.
The shared bus has been a popular choice in implementing shared-memory multiprocessors architectures. In such systems, cache memories play an essential role in that they create an image of low-latency main memory to the processors and filter out processor requests to the main memory, thus saving valuable bandwidths of the bus. A "snooping protocol" is usually employed in a shared-bus multiprocessor to keep the processor caches coherent, and this simplifies the system design considerably, compared to general cache-coherent multiprocessors. A "write-invalidate" policy, which has been chosen for many snooping protocol implementations, allows multiple processors to share an accessible data block, but requires a processor to obtain an exclusive copy before modifying it.
There are at least three overheads incurred in enforcing cache coherence in a shared-bus multiprocessor using a write-invalidate snooping protocol. Firstly, the bus bandwidth is consumed, i.e., invalidation transactions transmitted by the bus are generated when a processor writes to a shared block. Traffic for coherence will increase contention in the bus, which can in turn increase the memory latency seen by a processor. Secondly, the machine experiences "coherence misses." A "coherence miss" occurs when a read reference which misses in the local cache due to a previous invalidation by a remote processor. With a large cache block size there can be a high degree of false sharing, and the coherence misses might become a critical portion of the overall cache misses. Thirdly, coherence actions need to lock up the cache state and tag memory and possibly update it, which can increase the contention with the local processor. A duplicated cache state and tag memory can minimize some of the contention in some situations.
Controlling bus traffic in modern shared-bus multiprocessors is very important. For example, with 16 processors, a block size of 64 Bytes and a 64-KB data cache, the total bandwidth for some parallel benchmark programs ranges from almost 500 MB/sec (for Barnes in SPLASH-2) to over 9400 MB/sec (for Ocean), assuming a processor that issues a data reference every 5 nanoseconds (ns). In comparison, the POWERpath-2 bus of Silicon Graphics Challenge, one of the highest bandwidth multiprocessors, provides 1200 MB of bandwidth. As microprocessors become faster and demand more bandwidth, the already limited scalability of a shared-bus architecture decreases even further. Thus, finding new and further ways to reduce the demand for use of the bus bandwidth becomes more important in order to permit further scale-ups of a shared-bus architecture.
Understanding the typical status labels for cache blocks (cache "states") in a shared-bus shared-memory is essential to appreciate the amount of bus traffic necessary to update such states within the architecture to maintain memory coherence. Typically a cache block is identified as "migratory" if one processor has the block in a "dirty" state (data block has been written to and changed), and another processor reads it and then writes to it. Adaptive coherence protocols optimized for migratory data dynamically identify migratory data blocks at run time, and try to eliminate invalidation messages for such blocks. They speculate about future invalidations by the same processor when responding to a read request. A cache block appears to be migratory "if, at the time of a write-hit to a block in shared state, (i) there are exactly two cached copies of the block in the entire architecture, and (ii) the processor currently requesting the invalidation operation is not the processor that requested the previous invalidation operation."
Once a cache block is deemed to be migratory, further read requests will obtain the block in an exclusive state. Compiler algorithms to identify and optimize for migratory sharing patterns have been previously studied. (See for example, Proc. 6th Intl. Conf. Arch. Sup. Prog. Lang. Oper. Sys., pp. 286-296 (October 1994)). Such algorithms may use a data-flow analysis to recognize uninterrupted "read-modify-write" sequences to the same address. A special instruction, "load-exclusive" may then replace load instructions in such sequences to obtain the cache block for that processor in an exclusive state at run time.
"Dynamic Self-Invalidation" (on the fly) techniques have been studied in the context of directory-based cache coherency protocols, whereby blocks are speculatively identified for invalidating when they are brought into the cache, but invalidation is deferred to some time subsequent to the initial fill of the block into the cache. (See for example, Proc. 22nd Intl. Sym. Comp. Arch., pp. 48-59 (June 1995)). Such protocols have usually identified the blocks for self-invalidation by associating a version number with each cache block in the cache and then with each entry in the directory. On responding to a read request, the directory compares the version number of the entry with that of the cache block, and provides the block with a self-invalidation marking if the two numbers mismatch. Blocks thus marked are invalidated at each cache at synchronization points in the architecture. An address regeneration technique and additional memory are needed to generate acknowledgment messages responding to such synchronization invalidation requests.
"Read snarfing" (or "read broadcasting") has been discussed and evaluated as an enhancement to snooping cache coherence protocols that take advantage of the inherent broadcasting nature of the bus. (See for example, Proc. 1st Intl. Sym. High Perf. Comp. Arch., pp. 1-12 (January 1995); Proc. 16th Intl. Sym. Comp. Arch., pp. 2-15 (June 1989); and Proc. 22nd Intl. Sym. Comp. Arch., pp. 60-69 (June 1995)). Some experimentation has revealed situations where read snarfing may result in a decrease in coherence misses and bus utilization for some applications, but snooping overhead in such experiments due to a single-ported state and tag memory assumption that were utilized negated the benefits of read snarfing. Other models for shared-bus microprocessor architectures utilizing read snarfing have met with limited success regarding improved performance while reducing coherence misses.
An object of this invention is to provide an improved data processing apparatus having a shared-bus shared memory multiprocessors architecture. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a self-invalidation means for individual processor nodes of the architecture to reduce the invalidation traffic on the shared bus of the apparatus, whereby cache blocks are invalidated locally without requiring an explicit invalidation shared-bus transaction.
A more particular object of the present invention is to provide such an architecture employing a simple hardware-oriented extension to a write-invalidate means, which is capable of being readily adopted into current multiprocessor technology with little hardware complexity. Preferably, such a self-invalidation means does not change the memory model as seen by a programmer.
Another more particular object of this invention to provide such an architecture within which both the self-invalidation means and a means of read snarfing adapted to operate with the self-invalidation is utilized to also reduce cache misses at an individual node due to an incorrect prediction of self-invalidation by the self-invalidation means.
A further preferred object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling bus traffic in a shared bus multiprocessors apparatus by a write-invalidate coherence method adapted to utilize method step comprising:
providing a means for a hardware-oriented self-invalidation of cached data at local processor nodes as an extension to a means for write-invalidate control applicable thereto, and
providing a means for conservative read-snarfing to reduce cache read and write misses due to an incorrect prediction of self invalidation by said self-invalidation means at said local processor nodes, and thereby reducing the coherence traffic of said shared-bus multiprocessors apparatus.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a conventional shared-bus multiprocessor apparatus comprising a shared bus connected to a main memory, which shared bus is further connected to a plurality of processor nodes, with each processor node having a high-performance microprocessor and two levels of data caches (L1 and L2).
FIG. 2 shows a state transition table listing a plurality of cache block states utilized for marking cache blocks in a self-invalidation protocol for self-invalidation based on specific local events or due to bus-induced actions.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a migratory block of data and a state of events leading to labelling of a cache block as migratory data to provide synchronous exclusive accesses to the migratory block and thus avoid excessive block invalidations.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of cache block state four bit encoding to represent at least seven cache block states and to provide for a column-reset at barriers.
FIG. 5 illustrates a conservative read snarfing technique according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a histogram representation of experimental data results showing how the adaptive protocol for migratory sharing and self-invalidation reduce the coherence traffic, compared to the base Illinois protocol.
FIG. 7 shows is a histogram representation of experimental data showing the number of address bus transactions utilizing an architecture according to the present invention as compared to (normalized to) address bus transactions of the base machine with the Illinois protocol.
FIG. 8 is a histogram representation of experimental data showing the number of cache misses utilizing an architecture according to the present invention as compared to (normalized to) cache misses of the base machine with the Illinois protocol.
FIG. 9 is a histogram representation of experimental data showing the amount of data traffic on the shared-bus utilizing an architecture according to the present invention as compared to (normalized to) data traffic on the shared-bus of the base machine with the Illinois protocol.
The above objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
The combination of self-invalidation and read snarfing in an apparatus and method according to the invention can improve the execution time of a shared-bus multiproccessor shared-memory apparatus when the program being executed exhibits a great deal of coherence traffic. In machines with large caches or in a COMA (cache-only memory architecture) multiprocessor, the coherence overhead might be more pronounced than other components of an execution time, and a controlling mechanism for the coherence overheads can have a significant impact.
Three design goals of a self-invalidation technique for shared-bus multiprocessors are that it: (1) should be a simple extension to existing snooping protocols, (2) should remove as many invalidations as possible and (3) should not invalidate cache blocks unnecessarily to retain a low miss rate. The technique in one embodiment of the present invention utilizes an extension to the Illinois write-invalidate protocol, can eliminate invalidations aggressively and can be combined with a modified read snarfing technique, to keep a low miss rate. Such a modified snarfing technique is referred to below, and in the claims, by the term "conservative read snarfing".
The self-invalidation techniques has two phases, namely "marking" and "local-invalidation." The two phases are described below and are followed by an example of implementing the two phases according to the present invention. The implementation example and coherence scheme according to the present invention is also compared with some other related techniques.
1. Cache Block Marking
Cache blocks are marked for self-invalidation on specific events. The marking is incorporated in cache block states as can bee seen in FIG. 2, where the extended protocol is shown as a table. In FIG. 2, "SI*" and "Shared*" are special bus lines that distribute cache block sharing information during bus transactions, the former of which is introduced in example 1 below and the latter of which is the ordinary "shared" line used by other shared-bus multiprocessors. The states are in bold are from a base Illinois protocol (Modified, Exclusive, Shared, and Invalid) and others (M+, E+, and S+) mark a cache block for self-invalidation.
Cache blocks which have been written in a shared state are marked for eliminating future invalidations. A typical example of such blocks is the ones having a migratory object. A migratory object is in many cases guarded by lock-unlock synchronizations and exclusive access is thus observed, giving us an opportunity for eliminating explicit invalidations. The marking according to the present invention will detect migratory objects as in a Cox, et al. protocol ("Cox") and an example of such a case is shown in FIG. 3. (See Proc. 20th Intl. Sym. Comp. Arch., pp. 98-107 (May 1993)). Unlike the Cox scheme which pays attention to strictly migratory objects, the present coherence protocol according to the present invention aggressively classifies, for self-invalidation, candidates shared blocks that have a history of being written. This history is passed on to a requesting processor through the special bus lines, (SI* and Shared*), when a read request is seen on the bus.
2. Local Invalidation of Cache Blocks
A cache block in M+ state is locally invalidated when another processor requests for the block. The requesting processor will have the block in E+ state so that a later write will not generate an invalidation, and the state carries with it a speculation that the block will be locally invalidated as it becomes shared by multiple processors. Typical migratory objects will carry E+ or M+ state as depicted in FIG. 3.
Cache blocks in S+ state are all invalidated at a barrier synchronization point, since barriers give a good hint that the time sharing pattern will change across them. Our experimental results with Ocean and Radix from SPLASH-2 benchmark suite given in the next sections support this observation. Note that blocks in S+ can be safely invalidated because the main memory keeps the up-to-date value of such blocks as it snoops the bus also.
One may use a bus line (Migratory) to propagate sharing information, when a cache block is provided to a requesting processor. An embodiment of the present invention uses a bus line for a similar purpose and takes synchronization operations into account to invalidate cache blocks locally.
The data from examples of implementation of the techniques according to the present invention show that this local invalidation can cut down the number of invalidations in some programs. Such is found to be so even where there are access patterns that other adaptive protocols have not tried to optimize. Proposed Dynamic Self-Invalidation techniques have also used (acquire and release) synchronization points in invalidating marked blocks. However, since prior work had assumed a directory-based coherence protocol model, such techniques needed a special sequencing circuit to regenerate the cache block addresses to send acknowledgements at each synchronizations point. Such techniques also associate a 4-bit version number with each entry in the directory and each block in the caches which requires significant extra memory to trace such data block version information.
Since the self-invalidation coherence scheme according to the present invention is based on a shared-bus implementation, it does not require such an amount of extra memory as in the directory-based protocol. The present invention in one embodiment only adds slightly more bits for cache block states to the memory requirement (two bits per cache block).
In the Examples below the performance of the self-invalidation techniques for data block coherence, alone, and combined with conservative read snarfing, are evaluated and measured. The adaptive coherence protocol optimized for migratory sharing is compared in reducing coherence traffic. The bus traffic and cache miss rate under each scheme are also analyzed. The base Illinois protocol (comparison control) extended with read snarfing is also considered in such comparisons.
1. Architecture Model
The shared-bus multiprocessor which is utilized in the experimental examples below is similar to the SGI Challenge multiprocessor. The base architecture for the experiments is similar to traditional shared-memory machines based on a shared bus as depicted in FIG. 1. Such an architecture includes a processor node which contains a high-performance microprocessor and two levels of data caches: a small direct-mapped first-level (L1) cache and a bigger set-associative second-level (L2) cache.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a shared-bus multiprocessor apparatus comprising a shared bus connected to a main memory, which shared bus is further connected to a plurality of processor nodes, with each processor node having a high-performance microprocessor and two levels of data caches, an (L1) cache and a (L2) cache. The block size for the caches is 32 bytes. Write-through policy is used between L1 and L2 caches, and write-back policy is used between L2 caches and the main memory. In the model a "sequential consistency" is assumed for this shared-bus multiprocessor apparatus.
The shared bus is closely modeled after the POWERpath-2 bus of the SGI Challenge multiprocessor, which allows split transactions to efficiently support multiprocessors. It is clocked at 50 MHz, and has a 40-bit address bus and a 64-bit data bus. Moreover, the address and the data buses are arbitrated independently, thus creating a pipe-lining effect. Each bus transaction consumes five bus cycles, and a cache block (32 Bytes) can be transferred in one bus transaction. As in POWERpath-2, the bus protocol disallows coherence operations to cache lines which target a pending read. This can be done by having and maintaining a "pending read buffer" (read resource in POWERpath-2) per node. A read request will occupy the first available entry in the buffer when issued. The request is retired from the buffer when the response to the request is seen on the bus. Since every node snoops the bus and updates the buffer, the buffer is effectively a global table which bookkeeps the outstanding reads. Read replies get priority over other transactions to keep read latency low.
The state and tag memory of L2 caches is duplicated to minimize L2 cache lock-outs. Should a change to the L2 cache contents be necessary, actions from the bus have priority over local actions.
Synchronization operations such as "lock" and "unlock" pay an appropriate cost for reading or writing memory as they are implemented using LL ("Load Link") and SC ("Store Conditional") instructions in MIPS R4000. However, the "barrier" synchronization only needs N bus transactions for N processors and no coherence actions, given that each processor interface has a specialized count register as in the SGI Challenge multiprocessor.
The "Illinois protocol" (comparative protocol) is used in the base architecture to enforce cache coherence. Note that the main memory also snoops, i.e. it grabs data on a cache-to-cache transfer as well as on any explicit write-back.
2. Experimental Setup With the Multiprocessor Model
In the multiprocessor model of the examples below a set of six benchmark programs from SPLASH-2 is used to simulate parallel execution on the described multiprocessor model with 16 processors as described above. The simulator consists of two parts: a front end, (see J. Veenstra et al., "Mint: A Front-End for Efficient simulation of Shared-Memory Multiprocessors," in MASCOTS '94, January-February, 1994.), which simulates the execution of the processors, and a back end that simulates the memory system and the bus. The front end calls the back end on every data reference and synchronization operation, and the back end decides which processors block waiting for memory and which continue execution. Since the decision is made on-line, the back end affects the timing of the front end, so that the flow control of the application, and the interleaving of instructions across processors, can depend on the behavior of the memory system and the bus.
The simulator utilized in the examples below is capable of capturing contention within the bus and in the state and tag memory due to conflicting accesses from the processor and the bus. The simulator assumes no stalls for instruction fetching, and that an instruction can be executed in a processor clock cycle (pclock) if there is no data cache miss. L1 cache is 2 KBytes and the access time is hidden if an access hits in the cache. It has a 4-pclock block fill time. The 4-way set-associative L2 cache is 128 KBytes and has a cycle time of 40 ns (8 pclocks). A fully interleaved main memory with an access time of 120 ns is also assumed.
Program descriptions and inputs are summarized in Table 1, below, for the 6 programs from the SPLASH-2 benchmark suite, which are utilized to drive the simulator. The programs are all written in C using the ANL macros to express parallelism and are compiled with the -02 optimization flag. For all measurements, statistics are gathered during the parallel sections only. The LU program utilized is LU-C (contiguous block allocation version).
TABLE 1______________________________________Program Description Input______________________________________Cholesky Cholesky factorization of a bcsstk14 sparse matrixLU LU decomposition of a dense 300 � 300 matrix, 16 � 16 matrix blockFFT Complex 1-D version of radix- 256K points √N six-step FFTOcean Ocean basin simulator 130 � 130 ocean, 10-7 toleranceRadix Radix sorting 200,000 integersWater Simulates evolution of a 512 Molecules, 3 time steps system of Water molecules______________________________________
For the marking phase of the self-invalidation scheme according to the invention, a special bus line, SI* is necessary. SI* is asserted by the owner of a requested cache block, which gives hint to the requesting node in deciding the state of the incoming block. (Cox's work assumed a similar bus line for a much different purpose ("Migratory" line).
For the timing of the self-invalidation, the memory system should be able to see the synchronization operations. This is not hard, and in fact many optimizations such as release consistency assume that lock, unlock, and barrier synchronizations are seen by the memory system. The barrier synchronization is utilized in this embodiment.
To efficiently perform the self-invalidation at synchronization points, a column-reset circuit and a redundant encoding of cache block states are needed. The column-reset function for cache flushing is already provided by commodity cache controllers. An example of a redundant encoding is shown in FIG. 4. Although 3 bits are sufficient to encode 7 states, the present embodiment adds one more bit for efficient state change at barriers. Column reset for this bit will force blocks in S+ state into an invalid state for all such caches at the same time.
Given the 4-bit encoding, the overhead for the extra bits seems to be small. With a 40-bit address bus and a 32-Byte block size, a four-way set-associative 64-KB cache and a 1-MB cache, require an addition 0.704% ((2)/((32�8+(40-5-9)+2)) and 0.714% ((2)/((32�8+(40-5-13)+2)) memory overhead respectively, compared to an Illinois protocol with 2-bit encoding.
The experimental results demonstrate that the self-invalidation coherence protocol according to the present invention is highly effective in decreasing the number of invalidations. The data show an average of 71.6% for the benchmark programs studied.
FIG. 6 shows how the adaptive protocol for migratory sharing (Cox in FIG. 6) and self-invalidation (SI) reduce the coherence traffic, compared to the base Illinois protocol (base in FIG. 6). Both of the schemes were able to reduce the coherence traffic to a considerable amount. Especially in LU, invalidations were eliminated almost completely. There are two programs, however, which exhibit big difference between the two schemes: Ocean and Radix. Ocean is known to have little migratory sharing, and has a lot of barrier synchronizations. Radix also contains more barriers than locks. The adaptive protocol does not reduce much traffic in thews two programs since there are few strictly migratory data accesses, whereas SI reduces a large portion, by invalidating marked cache blocks at barriers. Since read snarfing is not targeted to reduce invalidations, it is not considered in the experiment whose data are represented in FIG. 6.
The potential of combining read snarfing with the present self-invalidation coherence scheme according to the invention to enhance it was investigated. The two techniques have contradicting properties in that self-invalidation tries to keep the degree of sharing low for shared cache blocks, whereas snarfing tries to maximize the sharing at all read requests. Read snarfing hence cannot directly mix together with the self-invalidation techniques.
Read snarfing was modified according to the present invention to adapt to a self-invalidation coherence protocol. After such modifications, processors read-snarf only when a read request makes a block cached in at least two caches. In other words, read snarfing becomes conservative, and it waits until the second reads miss occurs for the same cache block without an intervening write before acting.
FIG. 5. illustrates a conservative read snarfing technique according to the present invention. It suppresses read snarfing such that read snarfing only operates when a read request causes a block to be in at least two caches and then only after a second read access miss occurs for the same cache block without an intervening write. FIG. 5 shows a read reference (misses in the local cache) by "Processorj " (Pj) would trigger reading the processor by Px and Py in the original read snarfing, whereas in the conservative read snarfing, reading by all other processors is suppressed and deferred until the second read (by Pk) occurs. The resulting state is S+ and blocks can be self-invalidated at a later barrier.
Conservative read snarfing is helpful since most invalidation misses are caused by a re-read by a single processor. For migratory objects, the conservative read snarfing does not hinder self-invalidation.
The conservative read snarfing can be easily implemented by using Shared* line as a hint for snarfing. If the line is not asserted when a read request is on the bus, snarfing action is simply suppressed, and if the line is asserted, read snarfing is performed and the resulting state will be set to S+ for all cached copies.
The data show that self-invalidation enhanced with snarfing reduced the address bus traffic by 13.6% on average. Such results promise potential improvement of execution time if coherence traffic dominates the bus traffic of a program. Moreover the coherence scheme according to the present invention adds little to the hardware complexity of modern shared-bus multiprocessors.
FIG. 7 shows the number of address bus transactions normalized to that of the base machine with Illinois protocol, wherein we split bus transactions into invalidations and others. As already shown in FIG. 6, the adaptive protocol and self-invalidation with conservative read snarfing were able to cut down the number of invalidations in all programs. Notice that read snarfing does not reduce coherence traffic, although it reduces other traffic (mostly memory requests) in Ocean and Water. Interestingly, in LU, read snarfing didn't help reduce traffic. In Cholesky, the adaptive protocol and SI-S generate more memory request traffic than Base, due to a slight increase in the cache miss rate from incorrect prediction, which was not covered by the conservative read snarfing. On average, the adaptive protocol, SI-S, and Snarf reduced 11.1%, 13.6%, and 2.7% of the bus traffic respectively.
FIG. 8 shows how each scheme has effects on cache misses. Read snarfing consistently reduced coherence misses compared to Base. Despite the large number of coherence misses in LU, however, read snarfing could reduce this number only slightly. This raises a question on effectiveness of read snarfing in certain programs. FIGS. 7 and 9 show that read snarfing reduced neither address traffic, nor data traffic in LU. Very frequent invalidations are suspected to nullify the effectiveness. SI-S was also effective in decreasing the number of coherence misses, but not as much as read snarfing in Ocean and Water, due to its conservativeness. FIG. 9 shows the data traffic normalized to base, which is naturally proportional to the number of cache misses shown in FIG. 8.
Measurements of the performance of the self-invalidation technique according to the invention on more parallel applications, and under different architecture models such as a COMA multiprocessor can also illustrate how it can handle coherence overheads. Further, self-invalidation protocols might advantageously be incorporated into write-update protocols to reduce excessive bus traffic associated with the such protocols while taking the advantage of inherently low miss rate of write-update protocols.
It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment and that many changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention by a skilled person in the art.
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|Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) data processing system that speculatively issues requests on a node interconnect
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|Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) data processing system that speculatively issues requests on a node interconnect
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|At&T Corp.
|Session cache and rule caching method for a dynamic filter
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|Method and apparatus for providing overlapping defer phase responses
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|Client side locking
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|Apr 9, 2013
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|Structured coauthoring
|May 8, 2008
|Apr 23, 2013
|Microsoft Corporation
|Controlling access to documents using file locks
|May 8, 2008
|Sep 2, 2014
|Microsoft Corporation
|Caching infrastructure
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|Sep 2, 2014
|Microsoft Corporation
|Collaborative authoring modes
|Jun 17, 2011
|Oct 28, 2014
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Apparatus and method for detecting false sharing
|Jul 1, 2012
|Mar 24, 2015
|Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc
|Collaborative authoring
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|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Flash memory data structure and methods of accessing thereof
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|Wiedenman Gregory B
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|Caching Infrastructure
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|Oct 30, 2012
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 30, 1996
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Christmas is the perfect time for giving and this collection of clever cookies and beautiful biscuits will make gifts everyone will love!
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Hi All
My background is in IT sales and support, but I am breaking through into doing more and more IT consulting work. My most frequent request is from referred clients who are looking for someone to come and audit their network and evaluate their existing IT services.
Up to now, I have been conducting the audit manually, this it takes very long, and the quality is lacking. I am putting together a PC box that I would drop at a client for a week or two to analyse whats going on in the network.
The core of this passive data collection effort would be Spiceworks. I would use it to inventory the hardware, software and keep track of system uptimes. Once I report back to the client I intend to give them the option of implementing spiceworks permanently to not only provide the client with an Inventory and network monitoring system, but also a IT helpdesk and ticket tracking system to keep track of their IT service providers activities. Not only would I leave the client with a report of the infrastructure, I would provide them with the management controls and reports to improve it
while Spiceworks accomplishes a great deal for me, I feel that there are other aspects that I would also like to audit. Preferable via agentless software like spiceworks.
1. Bandwidth monitoring (I think Spiceworks SNMP can do it, but I have not investigated this, a link to a how-to would be appreciated, since I have not used SNMP before)
2. Security threats. Software for external scans and Internal scans. Scan for things like open network ports (spiceworks will handle out of date AV).
3. Disk data usage. I plan to use treesize to scan their servers to provide a report of disk usage.
I plan to use logmein to logon to my audit box remotely, but if you guys can suggest better software, feel free to do so, so long as it does not require and changes to the client's network configuration
Any input would a appreciated and I hope that some of the info I put up here would be useful to others. Anything to save on time and improve on quality.
2 Replies
Mar 15, 2010 at 4:26 UTC
Use 'Shields Up' form Gibson Research Corporation https://www.grc.com to scan the external face of your network and get a complete analysis of every port, open closed or stealthed.
Very useful and great for showing people that they really need a firewall.
Mar 17, 2010 at 1:23 UTC
Another vote for Shields Up. Simple, fast and for anyone with open ports, an eye-opener. Alone, insufficient for audit purposes, but a nice complement.
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
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Local Sigmas win International Chapter of the Year award Members of local Phi Beta Sigma chapters, including members of the youth Sigma Beta Club, attended the fraternity's recent International Conclave
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WSSU alum is achieving new heights, and looking good while doing it Winston-Salem State University alumnus Donald Cureton Jr. is
North Carolina A&T running back Mike Mayhew and Howard linebacker Keith Pough received top honors as the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference


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This hotel is conveniently located to UCSC, Natural Bridges, and a non-touristy area of Santa Cruz. Evening guest services person (the lovely red-haired lady) is friendly, efficient, and helpful. Our room was along the back on the second floor - very quiet and close to the jacuzzi, which is open until 11pm! Beds are comfortable and the room amenities are all a person needs for a comfortable visit in Santa Cruz. Walking distance to many varieties of restaurants, the wonderful Companion Bakeshop, with Safeway and CVS just down the street.
I found it quiet and very comfortable. They offer a breakfast, which I did not partake of but had very convenient hours - not at the crack of dawn and I believe it ended at 11(?). There is a beautiful patio next to the office with a fountain and seating.
They have put together the best area guide I have ever seen in a hotel. Great details of the area and a fun read.
There is plentiful parking which can be a little tight for cars to pass one another in the back; some parking is under the 2nd floor.
This hotel does not allow pets. I don't travel with my dogs, so this was not an issue for me.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- 53 spacious and accommodating guest rooms include in-room coffee, complimentary continental breakfast, cable TV, HBO, air conditioning and high speed internet. Most rooms have refrigerators and microwaves. Closest hotel to UCSC. Only five minutes to the Santa Cruz Beach and Boardwalk, beaches, downtown and several restaurants. ... more less
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TALLAHASSEE, Fla. -- The intention was never for the trash talk to be kept secret.
Miami freshman Duke Johnson boasted to his high school coach, then made sure his coach knew to pass along the comments to former Norland teammate Xavier Rhodes.
"Duke knows I'm gonna kill him," Rhodes joked this week. "He's talking a lot of trash, and [our coach] comes back and tells me what he's been saying."
Of course, Johnson's confidence -- and his talent -- has never been much of a secret.
The freshman tailback burst onto the scene this season by racking up 100 yards from scrimmage in three of his first four games and displaying a few fireworks on special teams to boot.
Miami might lack the stockpile of NFL talent it once boasted, but Johnson has the potential to be as electric as any player to wear a Hurricanes jersey in the last decade. He's definitely got Florida State's attention.
"If it was me last season, I would've been like, 'He's a freshman,' " safety Lamarcus Joyner said. "But after experiencing the nightmare that is Sammy Watkins, we're definitely going to prepare for him and treat him like a man."
Watkins, a freshman receiver at Clemson last season, torched Florida State for 141 yards and two touchdowns last season, but for Joyner to even put Johnson in the same class offers some indication of the dangers presented by the Miami running back.
"He was a heck of a player in high school," Jimbo Fisher said. "He's bright guy, and I'm not surprised. What he's doing, he's a big-play guy."
Rhodes and Johnson alternated at tailback in high school -- Rhodes as a senior, Johnson as a freshman.
"Man, he was good as a freshman in high school," Rhodes said. "Real good."
Miami has its share of offensive weapons this season, and the Hurricanes have averaged nearly 300 yards per game. Johnson's numbers have dwindled a bit in the past three weeks, too, as defenses have become aware of his big-play ability.
But with Miami quarterback Stephen Morris nursing an ankle injury, Johnson will need to be a significant piece in the Miami offense this week, and while Florida State's defense is stout, it was just one week ago that Boston College's Andre Williams ran for 104 yards against the Seminoles. It was the first time in more than a year FSU's defense had allowed a running back to top 100.
"You got our attention. You came in, you're highly recruited, and you're doing well," Joyner said of Johnson. "So we're going to treat him like a man. We're going to come at him, we're going to game plan, we know he's a threat so we're going to go hard."
Noles to watch:
1. The linebackers. FSU's linebackers were tested often against NC State, which chipped away with one short pass to running backs and tight ends after another. The unit showed improvement against Boston College, but Vince Williams, Telvin Smith and company will face a much bigger test trying to slow down Johnson.
2. Chris Thompson. The Hurricanes' rushing defense ranks last in the ACC, allowing 254 yards per game. A week ago, North Carolina's Giovani Bernard ran for 177 yards and two TDs against them. Meanwhile, Thompson is second in the ACC in rushing -- trailing only Bernard -- and he ran for a 158 yards on just 14 carries the last time he faced Miami in 2010.
3. Bjoern Werner. The buzz about Florida State's lack of sacks and ACC refs' lack of holding calls reached its crescendo last week after Boston College became the latest team to quiet the FSU pass rush. This week, the Seminoles' defensive line gets another big challenge in Miami, which has allowed the second fewest sacks in the conference. Werner has continued to make an impact, but he hasn't recorded a sack since Week 3.
Hurricanes to watch:
1. Stephen Morris or Ryan Williams. Morris made strides this week, but it's still unclear who will be taking snaps Saturday in Miami. If it's Williams, Fisher doesn't expect the Hurricanes' game plan to change much, but there's little film to go on when it comes to sizing up the backup quarterback. If it's Morris, FSU will once again be tested by a mobile QB, and Morris is more than capable of burning the Seminoles downfield, too.
2. Phillip Dorsett. The sophomore receiver has been quiet the past two weeks, but he proved to be a dangerous weapon in wins over Georgia Tech and NC State, combining for 16 catches, 375 yards and three touchdowns in those two games. The task of slowing him down will fall, in part, on FSU safety Lamarcus Joyner, a high school teammate of Dorsett.
3. Eddie Johnson. The Miami linebacker has been exceptional since making his first career start against Kansas State in Week 2. He's second on the team with 39 tackles, has 5.5 TFLs and forced three fumbles, including two in a win over NC State.
By the numbers:
24. Total point difference between Florida State and Miami in their 56 previous meetings. The Hurricanes hold a 31-25 edge in wins, but the Seminoles actually hold the slight edge in points scored and have won the last three games played in Miami. FSU's 28-point win in Miami in 2010 is the only time in the last 10 years the outcome was decided by more than one score.
23. Dropped passes by Miami receivers this season, the second-highest tally among all teams in BCS conferences. The 23 drops represent 8.3 percent of Miami's passing attempts, and three of the drops turned into interceptions.*
56.3. EJ Manuel's completion percentage on passes of 20 yards or more this season. It's the third consecutive season in which Manuel has improved in that area, and he got to show off his arm strength last week against Boston College, throwing 10 deep balls (five completions). He threw seven deep balls against NC State the week before, but three came in a final drive working against the clock. Aside from that, he hadn't attempted more than four in any game this season.
7. Sacks by Miami's defense this season, third worst in the ACC ahead of only Virginia and BC. Boston College's non-existent pass rush played a big role in FSU's huge passing game last week as Manuel threw for 439 yards, and if the Seminoles' offensive line holds up just as well against Miami, it could be more of the same for Manuel.
506.6. Average number of yards allowed by Miami's defense this season, ranking 121st nationally out of 124 FBS teams. Miami has allowed at least 485 yards of offense to five of the six FBS opponents it has played this season. Meanwhile, FSU's offense ranks 12th nationally, averaging 530.6 yards per game.
(*Courtesy of ESPN Stats and Info.)


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text:
- 63 years old
- Date of birth: May 20, 1950
- Date of passing: Sep 3, 2013
|Let the memory of christine be with us forever
"Happy bday mum, another hard day without you. I still brought you beautiful flowers and sat beside your photo. We celebrated with family with a BBQ and also released balloons for you. Emma Amanda and I had a tooheys tonight for you. You will always be in our hearts mum. I shed a tear last night as I lay in bed thinking about all the wonderful memories I have of you. Love you mum forever xoxo"
"Happy Birthday mum, this is your third birthday in Heaven. Wish you were here to celebrate but i know you would have celebrated with Uncle Dicky, we let balloons go for you anfd will be having a cake and a tooheys. Missing you lots and we all love you xoxox"
"Its been two years today my beautiful amazing mother since you closed your eyes for the last time. I wasn't ready to say goodbye but I knew you were in so much pain and I knew you would be in a better place. You were not only my mother you were like my best friend as I knew I could always count on you. You were the one person I looked up to. I will always love and miss you."
"Happy Bday Mum, wish you were here to celebrate your special day. Not being able to give you presents and flowers was very hard but we celebrated your day with balloons, lanterns and a cake. Missing you lots and we all love you."
"Happy Mothers Day mum, its so hard not having you here on this special day but I know you would be looking down on us and sending your love. I will always love you and will miss you always. I am the mum I am today because of you"
"To my beautiful mum, so much has happened the last few months and I wish you were here, you would know wha to do"
"Thinking about you today mum, missing you lots and wishing you were still here just to have one of our talks. Rohan still talks about you and often say nan is in the sky."
"Missing you so much right now mum. Tomorrow is gonna be hard for me. I am glad I will have family around to talk about all the memories we have of you. Love you forever"
"Wow, its been a year! Karen, Emma, Matthew & Donnie, Aunty Chris would have been so proud of all of you.
Rest peacefully my beautiful Great Aunty Christine, you will be loved and missed dearly by many for many more years to come.
"I cant believe its been a year already. Karen emma matthew n donnie your mother was a very lovely lady n she abosolutely loved her family n grandchildren. Christine will b sadly missed for years to come but we will always remember her in our hearts."
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Award Winning
Industrial Technologies Building
Peosta, IA, United States
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Author | Pritie S Jadhav | Friday, Jan 20,2006 8:33 AM
Law & Kenneth has bagged the creative business for Cox & Kings' corporate account. The account moves to Law & Kenneth's kitty from David. In addition to this, the agency has also won a new business from the Cox & Kings' stable, which will be launched soon. The collective account size is pegged in the region of Rs 10-12 crore.
Confirming the same, Anil Nair, Vice-President, Law & Kenneth, said, "We have just won this account and we are in the first stage of strategising. We will work towards creating strong identities for the sub-brands and businesses that Cox & Kings offers and will leverage the company's great heritage."
Cox & Kings has three main sub-businesses – Duniya Dekho (World tours), Bharat Dekho (India tours) and Luxury escapes (Modern tours).
Cox & Kings is the longest established travel company in the world. Its distinguished history began in 1758, when it was appointed as general agents to the regiment of Foot Guards in India under the command of Lord Ligonier.
By 1878, Cox & Kings were agents for most British regiments posted overseas, including the Royal Cavalry, Artillery and Infantry, as well as the Royal Wagon Train and the Household Brigade. The Royal Navy was next and in 1912, The Royal Air Force came under its wings.
Between the 1750s and 1950s, Cox & Kings was witness to an exciting era in Indian history, and, in its own way, helped to shape it. In 1947, the British administration departed, but bound by strong ties to India, Cox & Kings stayed on and flourished. Today, the travel company is a premium brand in all travel related services in the Indian subcontinent, employing over 800 trained professionals.
At present, the Cox & Kings group has offices in UK (two offices), the US, Japan, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Pakistan and Nepal. In India, Cox & Kings has offices in Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Cochin, Hyderabad, Pune, Goa and Jaipur and one satellite office in Andheri in Mumbai and Gurgaon in Haryana.
The principal services offered by the company are, Destination Management, Outbound Tourism, Business Travel, Incentive and Conference Solutions, Domestic Holidays, NRI, Trade Fairs, Foreign Exchange and Insurance.


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Click on the button above and save as a PDF to access Agenda and Packet offline and activate tabs in the PDF.
Educational Service Center - Thornapple Room
March 21, 2016 - 6:00 P.M.
A. Call to Order
B. Roll Call
C. Welcome of Visitors and Comments from Visitors
D. General Business
1. Approval of the minutes from the February 22, 2016 Regular School board Meeting.
February 22, 2016 Draft Minutes
E. Financial Reports
1. Allowing Bills: February 1, 2016 through February 29, 2016.
Financial Report
F. Recommended Action Items:
- Personnel Recommendations:
a. Approve Personnel Recommendations and report as presented.
Personnel Report
b. Approve the creation of a KCTC Pre-Apprentice Liaison position.
Pre-Apprentice Liaison position
c. Approve the creation of a Receptionist/Administrative Assistant for Kent ISD
Secondary Programs position.
Receptionist/Administrative Assistant position
- Approve the striking of personal property taxes from previous tax rolls.
Petition to strike Personal Property Taxes from Previous Tax Rolls
- Approve the request for 60 KCTC students and 12 advisors to participate in the SkillsUSA state competition April 7-10, 2016 in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
SkillsUSA Competition participation request
G. Communications/Reports:1. Report from Board Members
2. Superintendent's Report
3. Determination of April board work session date and time
H. Future Dates
1. Thursday, March 24, 2016 - CBA Course 344 - Data First: High School and Beyond from
6:00 - 9:00 p.m. in the Rogue Room at the Kent ISD Educational Service Center
2. Monday, April 18, 2016 - Regular School Board meeting at 6:00 p.m. in the Thornappole
Room of the Kent ISD Educational Service Center.
3. Thursday, April 28, 2016 - KIASB/MASB Awards Dinner meeting at 6:00 p.m. at the Kent
Career Technical Center
4. June 12-14, 2016 - NSBA Advocacy Institute Conference in Washington D.C.
I. Adjournment


text:
Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology
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All the Presidents' Gardens
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Cooking Wild More than 150 Recipes for Eating Close to Nature!
Fundamental Principles of General Relativity Theories Local and Global Aspects of Gravitation and Cosmology


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login with
Being Independant
My daughter never wants to do things on her own. She always needs someone to color with her, play with her, watch tv with her. Whats the best way to get her out of being so dependant?
Comment deleted
I always try telling her she needs to be able to do things on her own. I don't mind coloring with her, but I am trying to do something or have something going on, when i tell her i can't color with her, she gets upset then just wont do it. Not just with coloring but with anything. I want her to grow to to be independant and not the think she always needs someone
I would keep working on it and go slowly. Start doing things next to her, but where you are doing something other than what she is doing. This way she still has the closeness, but you are starting to transition away. Hopefully you will eventually be able to get up and go to the next room so she can still see you, but you can get your stuff done!
This would be tough, sounds like Beth has some good advice. I have the opposite in my house too, my 15 month old doesn't want me to help her with anything!
Yes, I have done that. I am not sure if it is her being stubborn or if she really just needs someone to play with. She is an only child, but is around kids a lot between pre school and my nanny job. All these tips help and I will let you all know if we can past this!!
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About Devan
Current: Clifton Park, New York
Birth: October 18
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a mother of one 4 year old daughter, Sophia. Just joined moms hoping to have some other moms out there help me out when I am feeling stressed or overwhelmed. (a little embarrassing) I a full time nanny and enjoy the outdoors and DIY projects!!!!
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text: HTC is looking to get back into the Windows Phone market, with a phone provisionally known as the HTC Tiara.Of course, it's unlikely to launch under this name, but the working title is all we have so far. We don't have an actual image either, but we do have initial details of the smartphone.These point to something referred to as a 'modestly-spec'ed Windows Phone', but with one notable feature. It will be among the first devices to run Windows Phone 8 GDR2, which will be the second update to the platform since it appeared last autumn. Leaked details so far point to a design departure from the recent HTC One and almost certainly a step on from the HTC Windows 8X and 8S. As for the inner workings, early information points to a 1.2GHz dual-core Qualcomm Snapdragon chipset, a 4.3-inch Super LCD2 WVGA screen and 217ppi, 12GB RAM, 8GB of storage, an 8-megapixel camera and 1.6-megapixel networking camera.Images are almost certain to follow, with plenty of time available for leaks. The phone is unlikely to launch until at least the middle of May.Source: Unwired View


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Department History
Until 1910 law enforcement in the city of Cambridge was the sole responsibility of Bailiffs, who served as the Chief of police, and seasonal officers. Seasonal officers worked from October 1 to the end of April, and were needed because of the booming oyster industry.
The policing of Cambridge continued to be under the direction of court bailiffs until 1910 when Charles G. Pritchett was named Chief of Police.
Chief Charles G. Pritchett - 1910 to 1917 with 5 officers
Chief Dan Brannock - August 1917 to August 1936 with 5 officers
Chief Grayson Price - September 1936 to June 1956 with 7 officers
Chief Brice Kinnamon - June 1956 to June 1971 with 15 officers
Chief Russell Wroten - July 1971 to December 2001 with 26 officers
Chief Kenneth Malik - January 2002 to December 2014 wtih 45 officers
Our current chief of police is Daniel A. Dvorak with 46 officers. Chief Dvorak is pictured here with his command staff after his swearing in ceremony on January 19, 2015.
Line of Duty Death
Ptl. Daniel C. Bier
Born: June 05, 1924
Appointed: March 31, 1948
Deceased: May 03, 1953
During the late afternoon hours Sunday May 03, 1953, Patrolman Daniel Bier received a call to a Goldsbourgh Ave. residence in reference to a domestic dispute. Upon arrival Patrolman Bier learned that Russell Regina of Cambridge had cut his wife with a knife. Upon entering the house Patrolman Bier was fatally shot by Mr. Regina. Mr. Regina escaped out the rear door of the house and was subsequently located, after a 2-1/2 hour manhunt, in a wooded area near Christ Rock.


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Spain is a country with a thousand facets, that offer an amazing amount of variety. A variety of languages as well as dialects, a variety of cultures as well, but also of towns and atmospheres. A real delight for your tastebuds, are the famous Tapas, served in every bar from Seville to Madrid, going through Barcelona, but Spain is also a delight for the eyes. The landscapes are varied and the property market is booming. Between the apartments with paved courtyards in Madrid, the houses for sale in Andalousia, or even the villas for sale on the Costa del Sol, it is possible to find what you are looking for. Despite slight price rises recently, property in Spain remains very affordable.
The province of Valencia is in the east of Spain. Located between sea and mountain, the region has more than 200 kilometres of beaches on the very famous Costa Blanca. Property in Valencia is developing fast. The coast has plenty of apartments to offer like in Benidorm or Torrevieja. You will also find magnificent houses for sale on the Costa Blanca, with breath-taking views. One more reason to look for a house for sale in Valencia: it is the region for Paella and the syrupy wine of Alicante!
The Canaries are an archipelago comprising 7 volcanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean, off the Moroccan coast. Well known for the preserved marine life and countryside (the islands shelter 5 nature reserves), the Canaries are also a destination for wind surfers. As to Canary Island property, it is still affordable after prices dropped in 2009. You will find there all types of property: apartments for sale in Lanzarote or Gran Canaria, houses in the small colonial towns of Tenerife, or fishermans' houses in the small coastal villages and ports of Fuerteventura. And do not miss, for any reason, the grand carnaval of Santa Cruz in February!
Located in the south of Spain, Andalousia offers magnificent landscapes. Fine sandy beaches and olive groves as far as the eye can see, sheltered creeks on the Costa de la Luz, the rolling hills of the Sierra Nevada, or small fishing villages with white houses, there is something for all tastes. Once under muslim rulership, this is a rich land, shaped by the mix of cultures that have influenced it. This is also visible in the property in Andalousia. If you like golf, choose an apartment for sale in Malaga, now well known as one of the capitals of European golf. If on the other hand, you like the passion of the flamencos, the ferias and the tapas, you will certainly prefer a house for sale in Sevilla, or in the old town of Cadiz. You will certainly fall in love with this region for the warm good heartedness of its inhabitants!
City of Frigiliana in Andalusia
Catalonia is above all the region of Barcelona and the magnificent Costa Brava, but also the Catalonian Pyrenees in the back country. It is a province loaded with history and art, where one can see famous works signed by Gaudi, Dali, or Picasso and buildings like the Sagrada Familia and the Poblet Monastery which have all given Catalonia its world wide reputation. Property in Catalonia is still affordable: apartments for sale in Barcelona, villas in Salou, houses in Cadacès or Tossa de Mar, anything is possible and at a limited budget. So what are you waiting for to make your property purchase on the most sought after coastline in Spain?
Located between Andalousia and the province of Valence, the province of Murcia is not as well known as its neighbours. It has however, an outstanding asset: it is one of the sunniest areas in Europe. It offers spectacular landscapes: small villages, long, fine sand beaches on the Costa Calida, but also western style cowboy decors in the back country. Property in Murcia is varied: apartments with sea views in San Pedro del Pinatar, coastal villas in San Javier, or maybe you will feel tempted by the charm of the houses in the village of Aguilas. Worth noting: the province is very well known for its spa resorts with healing mud treatments!


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This list is a sampling of crime in Sedalia and the surrounding area. Information is taken from official police reports, which do not necessarily contain statements from all parties involved in each case.
Sedalia Police Department
Nov. 5
2:53 p.m.: Ladisalo Baltizar Olivis, 29, of Sedalia, was arrested near the intersection of West 10th Street and Winchester Avenue on a charge of driving with a suspended license.
8:24 p.m.: Michael Anthony High-Frump, 24, of the 500 block of East Jefferson Street in Cole Camp, was arrested in the 3200 block of West Broadway boulevard on charges of stealing from a building and resisting arrest for a felony.
10:24 p.m.: Jarrett L. Bryan, 35, of Warsaw, was arrested in the 2900 block of South Limit Avenue on a charge of driving while intoxicated.
Nov. 5
7:57 p.m.:A theft of a 1992 Honda Civic was reported in the 1000 block of West Broadway Boulevard
Nov. 6
12:07 a.m.: A burglary was reported in the 600 block of Ohio Avenue. upon arrival, officers found the glass door of the business smashed.
Pettis County Sheriff's Office
Nov. 4
6:00 p.m.:A burglary of a money box was reported from a residence in the 4200 block of West Main Street.
Missouri State Highway Patrol
Nov. 6
2:07 a.m.: Logan W. Ray, 21, of Mexico, was arrested in Johnson County on a charge of driving while intoxicated.
3:27 a.m.: John C. Serrone, 36, of Kansas City, Mo., was arrested in Clay County on a charge of with driving while intoxicated.
— Compiled by Tim Epperson


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