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Great Customer care Is Everything
Great Customer Service Is Everything
Great customer care is everything, and I mean "everything".
Among my recent articles touches on customer service and the way inadequate businesses actively market their great customer satisfaction (CS). This content, perhaps not too ironically, will be the that We have gotten probably the most quantity of emails.
Therefore it got me thinking a little bit more about the topic. Before, I needed tied CS and marketing together. Now, couldn't you say CS is associated with basically just about everything for almost any business? I do believe you can say that. I think you may be managing a business-to-consumer (B2C) or business-to-business (B2B) company, customer care is a vital function where everything else is derived.
Let's flip it around and consider some major functions in a company or business that happen to be impacted by CS.
1) Marketing - it is really an easy one. Great CS is easy to advertise, simply. Poor customer care is nearly impossible to showcase. I'm able to say this because I have been previously an internet marketer. Whatever business I'm marketing, if you have great customer support it can make my job extremely easy but moreover creates opportunities that wouldn't are already there otherwise. In case a marketer knows their business has shoddy customer service, he or she is less likely to end up capable to confidently communicate the story or value proposition of that business.
2) Sales - this has an identical relationship to Customer support as marketing. In a B2B environment, sales absolutely should have the boldness in the customer service team that what they're selling would really happen. Poor customer satisfaction is just about the the biggest reason is why sales relationships are ruined.
3) Finance - again, if you think over it, Finance and Accounting rely on strong customer service. With out them, you will find complaints, charge backs, and a whole lot of messy accounting entries. Should you not believe that customer care may cause headaches or sleepless nights on your CFO, you ought to ask your CFO.
4) Publicity - this is the close partner to Marketing, obviously, in our hyper social world, poor CS can immediately impact pr in terms of tarnishing a brandname. The other hand is when you provide great customer satisfaction, containing the possible to spread like wildfire and turn into a differentiating factor versus the competitors essential of public opinion. Consider this not only to relation to Twitter or Facebook or some of the common social media properties everybody knows; consider this in terms of review websites. If I'm about on a break, I'd clearly be diligent in what hotel to remain at and also the initial thing I would want to read are reviews business travelers just like me. CS is a big element of what I wish to learn about, and review sites are big a part of our new world's PR.
4a) Social media marketing - while we're talking about social networking, I would give you a very unscientific reckon that the majority of a few things i read or hear from my peers with regards to a business in a social websites environment is about service. "They were great on the telephone." "XYZ business got back to me within One day." These types of comments in social websites can be do or die for a business not simply within social media, but within search engines like yahoo since a great deal of social websites is now indexed on the internet, Yahoo and Bing.
Their list can actually embark on. The harder I do think over it, the harder I have faith that the hub for some businesses needs to be their customer satisfaction as well as the operations that underlie the buyer service department. Like marketing, customer satisfaction is amongst the few functions which has an internal and external view of a company, products or services. CS has a direct relationship with customers and in addition is in a posture to supply strategic advice internally depending on what's learned from your customers.
Think about your preferred brand or business. Why are you excited about it? Why are you loyal to it? Likely, you can find factors that weigh in your decision-making like price or function. However i would say generally, at a minimum, great service features a seat while dining; and also at a maximum, oahu is the only seat while dining.
Something to think about because you consider your own business or company, and exactly how it is possible to improve.


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High throughput whole rumen metagenome profiling using untargeted massively parallel sequencing
Variation of microorganism communities in the rumen of cattle (
Rather than focusing on individual organisms within the rumen, our method used MPS data to generate quantitative rumen micro-biome profiles, regardless of taxonomic classifications. The method requires a previously assembled reference metagenome. A number of such reference metagenomes were considered, including two rumen derived metagenomes, a human faecal microflora metagenome and a reference metagenome made up of publically available prokaryote sequences. Sequence reads from each test sample were aligned to these references. The "rumen metagenome profile" was generated from the number of the reads that aligned to each contig in the database. We used this method to test the hypothesis that rumen fluid microbial community profiles vary more between cows than within multiple samples from the same cow. Rumen fluid samples were taken from three cows, at three locations within the rumen. DNA from the samples was sequenced on the Illumina GAIIx. When the reads were aligned to a rumen metagenome reference, the rumen metagenome profiles were repeatable (P < 0.00001) by cow regardless of location of sampling rumen fluid. The repeatability was estimated at 9%, albeit with a high standard error, reflecting the small number of animals in the study. Finally, we compared rumen microbial profiles to faecal microbial profiles. Our hypothesis, that there would be a stronger correlation between faeces and rumen fluid from the same cow than between faeces and rumen fluid from different cows, was not supported by our data (with much greater significance of rumen versus faeces effect than animal effect in mixed linear model).
We have presented a simple and high throughput method of metagenome profiling to assess the similarity of whole metagenomes, and illustrated its use on two novel datasets. This method utilises widely used freeware. The method should be useful in the exploration and comparison of metagenomes.
Ruminants are a group of mammals which include domestic cattle, sheep and goats. The value of domesticated ruminants comes from their ability to convert forages into high quality, high protein products for human consumption through rumen fermentation. The rumen is the first chamber of the ruminant stomach, and it contains symbiotic microorganisms that breakdown ingested food. These microorganisms, which include representatives from all three domains of life:
DNA based methods form the majority of investigations into rumen microbial communities, as culture dependent methods only detect around 11% of species present in the rumen
Massive parallel sequencing (MPS) of metagenome DNA without targeted amplification, termed metagenomics, avoids these three issues while enabling a substantial increase in the volume of data produced. In addition, the cost of MPS is falling rapidly. Untargeted MPS involves extracting whole DNA or RNA from the community or tissue of interest. DNA or cDNA is then sequenced, without targeted amplification, using a massively parallel pyrosequencing platform such as the Illumina GAIIx. Recently, untargeted MPS of rumen microbial communities have identified numerous novel gene sequences using deep sequencing of one pooled sample
One issue with the proposed method is that there is no defined "whole genome" reference for the bovine rumen. This is in contrast to work in human gut metagenomics which has aimed to produce complete whole genome sequences of a subset of common microbial species, with the aim of using these sequences as a reference
In this study we have sequenced rumen fluid samples from three cows, with repeat sampling, in order to test the hypothesis that rumen metagenome profiles are more similar for repeat samplings of the same cow, than between cows, for cows fed the same diet and sampled at the same time. The method described above was used to generate the rumen metagenome profiles, using a number of different reference sequences. Finally, we recognise that it may be difficult to obtain rumen fluid samples from a very large number of cattle. We also used the method to compare rumen fluid metagenome profiles to faecal metagenome profiles from the same animals, with seven cattle in this experiment, to determine if the metagenome of faeces predicts the rumen fluid metagenome.
Sample characteristics
Illumina GAIIx metagenomic sequencing of eleven rumen fluid samples from three lactating dairy cows resulted in over 6 million reads of 146 bp in each library. After trimming based on Phred quality scores, 91.5% of the total basepairs were retained, and 99.08% (91.9 million in total) sequence reads were retained (mean read length after trimming: 135 bp; see Additional file
Additional file 1
Contains a detailed account of sampling for the DPI_rumen database, a summary of the six databases used including size and number of contigs, a BLAST analysis of the rumen samples, details of the databases used for hierarchical clustering and hierarchical clustering results using a Binary (presence/absence) distance matrix method [
Click here for file
To confirm the sequences were consistent with those expected from micro-organisms in rumen fluid, a traditional taxonomic analysis was performed (Additional file
Generating rumen micro-biome profiles
A method of comparing the whole microbial community between samples was developed (Figure
Figure 1
Flowchart of method.
Flowchart of method. A representation of the steps involved in the analysis method. Bootstrap support is used to assess the required sequence depth.
The similarity between rumen metagenome profiles from the same or different cows can then be visualised following hierarchal clustering. Bootstrap analysis can be used to determine the statistical support for the clustering pattern.
Reference metagenome effect on clustering pattern
Alignments to the 16S GreenGenes database and the NCBI prokaryotes database were used to generate hierarchical relationships. Further, in order to investigate whether the clustering results for the human faecal reference and rumen derived databases described below were simply an artifact of using a metagenomic database with a large number of contigs from diverse species, we also aligned to a soil metagenome reference. Clustering using both the GreenGenes (Figure
Figure 2
Hierarchical clustering: between animal variation.
Hierarchical clustering: between animal variation. Hierarchical clustering based on alignments of sequence reads to a) GreenGenes database, b) NCBI Prokaryotes database, c) Soil database, d) Human Stool database, e) DPI_rumen database, f) JGI_rumen database. The distance matrix method used was Canberra. Bootstrap (bp) and approximately unbias (au) values were generated using Pvclust
Sequence reads were aligned to two independent rumen MPS contig databases; DPI_rumen, which was generated from rumen fluid; and JGI_rumen, which was generated from fibre adherent microbes. A human faeces MPS contig database was also used. A total of 5.42% of reads aligned to DPI_rumen, while a total of 0.72% of reads aligned to JGI_rumen. When both rumen databases were combined 6.00% of reads aligned, suggesting that there is little overlap between the two databases, probably due to the difference between rumen fluid and rumen fibre adherent fractions. Less than 1% of reads aligned to the human faeces database, suggesting fairly limited overlap between human stool and rumen fluid microbial populations.
Hierarchical clustering was performed using sequences that aligned to the gut derived references. All three gut based databases were able to separate samples by cow, although in the case of the human faeces database (Figure
Required sequence depth for hierarchical clustering
To assess the amount of sequence data required to successfully obtain separation of rumen fluid samples by cow, sequences from each successful library were sub sampled, and hierarchical clustering performed at different sequencing depths. When the JGI_rumen database was used, less than one million sequence reads resulted in little support for hierarchical structure and clusters contained samples from multiple cows. However once one million reads or more from each sample were utilised, this method was able to separate samples by cow (Figure
Figure 3
Hierarchical clustering: sequencing depth effect.
Hierarchical clustering: sequencing depth effect. Hierarchical clustering based on alignments of sequence reads to JGI_rumen database, at differing sequencing depths. The distance matrix method used was Canberra. Bootstrap (bp) and approximately unbias (au) values were generated using Pvclust
Variation in rumen metagenome profiles explained by cow and rumen fluid sampling location
To assess the amount of variation in the rumen metagenome profiles that was explained by the host animal and the sampling poison, we fitted a linear mixed model (Yijk = μ + positioni + contigj + animalk + eijk) using ASReml
Rumen fluid versus faeces
Collection of rumen samples is more invasive and difficult than collection of faecal samples. For this reason it would be desirable to use faecal samples in place of rumen samples if there is a requirement for sampling from large numbers of animals, and if faecal profiles and rumen metagenome profiles overlapped. We therefore have examined the hypothesis that a cow's faecal metagenome can be used as a predictor of her rumen metagenome. Rumen fluid and faeces metagenome samples from seven cattle (with both samples taken from all seven cattle) were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq2000. To the JGI_rumen database, the DPI_rumen database and the human faecal database, 3.97 million sequence read pairs were aligned (Table
When aligning to the two rumen derived databases; unsurprisingly a higher proportion of rumen fluid reads aligned than faecal reads. When aligning to the human faeces database; a higher proportion of faecal reads aligned than rumen fluid. We identified contigs from each of the three databases which were significantly differently represented in faeces compared to rumen fluid (
Figure 4
Differentially represented organisms in rumen fluid and faeces.
Differentially represented organisms in rumen fluid and faeces. The number of sequence read alignments to each contig in three databases were compared between faeces and rumen fluid using a
When hierarchical clustering was performed on alignments from each sample; all faecal samples clustered together, and all rumen samples clustered together, with very strong bootstrap support for the separation (Figure
Figure 5
Hierarchical clustering: comparing faeces to rumen samples.
Hierarchical clustering: comparing faeces to rumen samples. Hierarchical clustering of rumen and faecal samples from the same animals. Reads were aligned to a) DPI_rumen database, b) JGI_rumen database, c) Human Stool database. The distance matrix method used was Canberra. Bootstrap (bp) and approximately unbias (au) values were generated using Pvclust
To assess the amount of variation in the metagenome profiles that were explained by the host animal and the sample type (rumen fluid or faeces), we fitted a linear mixed model using ASReml
To test if a cow's faecal profile was predictive of the rumen fluid metagenome profile, we correlated every rumen metagenome profile with every faecal metagenome profile. We then tested if the correlations were higher for samples which came from the same animal than for between animal samples (Figure
Figure 6
Heatmap of the correlation between rumen fluid - faeces pairs.
Heatmap of the correlation between rumen fluid - faeces pairs. Samples were correlated with each other to asses the degree of similarity between samples. a) Correlation in the number of reads assigned to the second level KEGG pathway using BLASTx and MEGAN; b-d) correlation in the number of reads assigned to each contig in the database. The results are displayed as a heatmap with the correlation values shown. The correlation for rumen fluid - faeces pairs from the same animal is highlighted.
Finally, to examine whether there was a functional correlation between rumen fluid and faeces metagenomes, and to provide an example of a functional analysis that can be performed on this type of data, a basic KEGG analysis was performed. 100 000 reads were aligned to the nr database using BLASTx. The BLAST results were then entered in to MEGAN and the KEGG pathway assignments were extracted. The proportions of second level KEGG assignments were similar between rumen samples and faeces samples. Rumen samples were overall more variable, with standard deviations larger than faeces in 28 out of 36 second level KEGG pathways (paired t- test, p < 0.001). Twelve of the second level KEGG pathways were differently represented between rumen and faeces (paired
This study demonstrates that untargeted MPS can be used to detect variation between metagenome profiles. The method for deriving rumen microbiome profiles described here, which has similarities to analysing counts of RNA sequence data for example see
Other methods used to examine the rumen metagenome tend to be either targeted 16S gene studies
No published studies have previously directly addressed the hypothesis that was tested here using MPS: that for the fluid component, within rumen variation is less than between rumen variation. However, it is an assumption implicitly made by studies which take only one technical replicate per animal e.g.
As rumen fluid samples are difficult to obtain, it would be convenient if there was considerable overlap of the microbe profile between rumen and faecal samples from the same animal. Faecal samples are easy to obtain and hence would lend themselves well to large studies. We were unable to find evidence that rumen fluid and faecal profiles are significantly linked. This was illustrated by the large number of contigs unique to faeces or rumen fluid, as well as identifying many contigs which abundance change significantly from rumen fluid to faeces. Further mixed model analysis showed that the host animal explained little of the variation present; most of the variation was attributed to sample type. We also hypothesised that the microbial profile of a cow's faeces would correlate more strongly with that cow's rumen fluid microbial profile than the rumen fluid microbial profile of any other cow. We did not find evidence to support this hypothesis. A more sophisticated analysis may be required to investigate this question in detail.
The differences between rumen and faeces may be a reflection of the function of the two environments - the rumen microbial community may be under strong selection to remain highly functional as the host animal depends on it for digestion, while the faeces may have less restrictions. It is therefore interesting that there was more variation in relative abundance of the functional pathways in rumen than in faeces. Brulc et al.
In our study, a sequence depth of 1 million paired reads was sufficient to detect variation between the rumen fluid micro-biome of different animals. This finding will allow researchers to obtain a relatively inexpensive and detailed summary of the whole rumen fluid metagenome. While not detracting from the importance of deep sequencing, or targeted sequencing of particular genes or species, this study has illustrated a method to obtain a whole rumen fluid metagenome profile, without targeting any particular gene or species group. The production of whole metagenome profiles is likely to be of particular importance for traits where interactions between hundreds or thousands of species may be occurring.
Using multiple databases allowed us to examine the effect of the database source on the clustering pattern. The NCBI prokaryotes reference metagenome and GreenGenes reference metagenome represent well annotated databases. This is the type of database that sequence data is often compared to for taxonomic classification of reads. The soil database reference metagenome is a database of contigs from a different sample type than the test samples. The human faeces reference metagenome represents a database of contigs from a similar sample type as the test samples (both gut samples of mammals). The JGI_rumen database was a database of contigs from a very similar sample type as the test samples (fibre adherent microbes as compared to liquid fraction microbes). The DPI rumen derived database was a databases of contigs from the same sample type as the test samples (although DNA was extracted using a different method, and the sequencing technology used was different). Our samples clustered by animal only when the rumen or human faeces databases were used. The soil database did not produce clustering by cow. This suggests that using a contig database derived from independent sequencing of the same (or similar) community type as the experimental sequences is most appropriate. Interestingly, clustering by host animal was observed even when the database was derived from another species or prepared in a different way to the test samples. Our results suggest that a large proportion of reads aligning to the reference, while desirable, is not absolutely necessary if the reference is biologically relevant to the samples.
Here we have used two databases derived from bovine metagenome sequencing. Other possible sources of bovine metagenome sequence may include Brulc et al.
In our study we show that the biological relevance of the reference metagenome, in this case rumen derived sequences, is more important than size (as measured by the total number of basepairs in the database). Database size did not have a positive effect on the percentage of sequence reads that aligned. For example the two rumen derived databases showed a five fold difference in the proportion of reads that aligned; despite being approximately equal size (as determined by total summed length of contigs). Hierarchical clustering also appeared unaffected by database size, with the largest (NCBI prokaryotes) and smallest (GreenGenes) databases not clustering samples by cow, but the two intermediate sized rumen derived databases successfully clustering samples by cow. Therefore size is not the most critical feature of the reference metagenome.
The majority of rumen sequences obtained by MPS in this study were novel. It is therefore possible that the reference databases used have limited the power of this study as only a small proportion (0.72%-6.00%) of the sequence information generated was actually used for hierarchical clustering. Despite this, as the contigs present in the rumen derived references represent the most common rumen taxa, it is evident that relative abundance of even the most common rumen species vary enough between animals to allow the microbial profiles of different individuals to be discriminated.
The hierarchical clustering method used in this study should be a useful approach in the analysis of other metagenome datasets. It is similar to methods using RNA sequence to quantify gene expression levels, and it does not require assembly of reads into contigs, or the use of BLAST, both of which require large computational capacities for the volume of data produced by MPS. Also, we have shown that the database need not be from the same environment as the samples, illustrated by the clustering of samples even when databases were prepared in different ways (e.g. DPI_rumen versus JGI_rumen) or from different species (e.g. human faeces). Therefore this method may be particularly useful for novel gut metagenomes, where a reference from closely related species is not available.
The method allows examination of relationships between metagenomes, however the hierarchical clustering can not in itself provide information on which species are driving the hierarchical relationships. One way of dealing with this limitation is to use the metagenome profile matrix to find contigs that are significantly up or down represented between two sample groups, as we did in the comparison of rumen fluid to faeces. Another limitation is that the dendrograms only represent species in the reference database, and hence if key species in the community were missing from the database, the clustering pattern may not represent the community accurately.
This study did not investigate the effect of using the fibre adherent microbes; as such further work may be required to assess if this method is also applicable to the fibre-adherent rumen fraction. Because a database even from a different species (human) could successfully cluster samples by animal, we predict that this method will be applicable to the fibre-adherent rumen fraction, as well as gut metagenomes from other animals.
Another limitation is that the DNA extraction methodology used here may have caused shifts in the proportion of species, or degradation of the DNA. Studies have shown that the method used to extract DNA has a substantial effect on the microbial population observed
This study illustrates how untargeted MPS and alignment to a suitable reference metagenome can be used to generate rumen metagenome profiles for individual cattle. These profiles can be used in testing hypotheses such as the one tested here, that there is more variation between rumen metagenome profiles of different cows than of rumen metagenome profiles from repeated samples from the same cow. Our small experiment supported this hypothesis, at least when the samples are taken at the same time and the cows are fed the same diet. The results suggest that when comparing rumen metagenomic profiles, a reference metagenome from a similar habitat is required and that a minimum of one million paired sequence reads is needed. Finally, we found no support for the hypothesis that faecal metagenome profiles and rumen metagenome profiles are more similar when they are from the same cow than when the samples come from different cows, with little correlation between the rumen and faecal metagenomes.
This paper presents a simple method for comparing whole microbial populations (Figure
To generate the matrix used for hierarchical clustering, quality control is first performed on the sequence reads. Quality control typically involves removing low quality reads, and trimming the ends of reads based on Phred quality scores. The number of reads in each library is then normalised. This removes the effect of library size on the matrix, while retaining information about what does not align to the database. Reads are then aligned to a contig reference. This reference does not have to be well annotated as the method does not rely on identifying specific species or genes. We have found that the database should ideally be from the same type of environment as the samples; although a database generated from a similar environment type (e.g. from a different species, in this case aligning bovine rumen reads to a human faecal reference) can be used if required. This method does not rely on assignments to taxonomy; therefore it can make use of assemblies from whole metagenome sequencing projects as the reference database. Because there is no requirement for 16S genes to be pulled out, the proportion of the metagenome used in the between sample comparison is limited only by the database quality and coverage. The resulting alignments are then used to generate a contig by sample matrix that contains counts of the number of reads from each library that aligned to each contig in the database.
The sample by contig matrix is then used to perform hierarchical clustering. This can be done using freely available software such as the R statistical package
Sample collection
Rumen samples were collected from lactating cannulated cows located at the Victorian Department of Primary Industries Ellinbank Centre near Warragul, Victoria Australia (latitude 38 14`S, longitude 145 56`E). A diet of 6.0 kg dry matter of concentrates and
For the three cows used in the sample repeatability experiment; after two weeks on the diet, the entire rumen contents were removed through the fistulae, sampled and replaced. The samples referred to as 'TOP' were collected from the first third of the rumen contents; these samples generally contained mostly feed material and were quite solid. The samples referred to as 'BOTTOM' were collected from approximately the last sixth of rumen contents; these samples were mostly liquid and are possibly representative of a reticulum sample. The samples referred to as 'MIX' were collected by mixing together every 20th handful of rumen material; this sample is a representation of the entire rumen. Rumen fluid was squeezed from rumen samples, frozen on dry ice, and then stored at −20°C.
For the seven cows used in the rumen/faeces comparison; rumen fluid was collected as per the MIX sample from the repeatability experiment. Faecal samples were collected on the same morning as rumen samples.
DNA extraction and sequencing
Thawed rumen fluid was strained through four layers of UV sterilized tulle. 80 mL of filtered rumen fluid was centrifuged at 5000 g for one hour at 4°C. DNA was then extracted from the pellet using PowerMax Soil DNA Isolation Kit (MO-BIO). Faecal samples were prepared in the same manor, omitting the initial centrifugation step.
Library preparation for sequencing was performed using an in-house indexing protocol. The indexes are a short third read of the sequencing run. Briefly, DNA was sheared to 300 bp, adapters were added by ligation, and then indexes were added using PCR. The libraries were then quantified and pooled. Paired-end sequencing of rumen fluid genomic DNA was performed on the GAIIx (sample repeatability experiment) and HiSeq2000 (rumen/faeces comparison experiment) sequencers (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Sequence reads were trimmed so that the average Phred quality score for each read was above 20. If the read length was below 50 after trimming, the read was discarded.
Hierarchical clustering databases
The DPI_rumen database contained bovine and ovine rumen metagenome sequences that were obtained from whole metagenome sequencing of several samples. Bovine samples were collected from a number of cannulated Holstein-Friesian cows in Victoria, at different times, which were fed ryegrass pasture supplemented with cereal grain. The ovine sample was collected from one sheep, after slaughter at a Victorian abattoir, which had been on a diet of pellets (23.1% crude protein, 4.5% fat). Sequencing of the whole genomic DNA prepared from filtered and unfiltered rumen fluid was performed using the 454 GS-FLX (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN), according to manufacturer's instructions and on 454 FLX Standard (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) and 454 Titanium (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) sequencing platforms at JCVI
The SFF files from Roche 454 MPS of the bovine and ovine rumens were assembled into contigs. A combination of Newbler v2.5.3 (release 20101207_1124) and Newbler v2.3 (release 091027_1459) was used. Assemblies were run with default settings, and also stringent parameters: 98% minimum identity, 100 bp minimum length of overlap. The flag '-urt' was used to extend contig length.
The database JGI_rumen consists of contigs previously published by Hess et al.
Hierarchical clustering
For the sample repeatability experiment; 6 million reads from each library were analyzed by hierarchical clustering. Sequencing reads were aligned to each of the databases using the default settings of BWA
To test the minimum sequencing depth required for separation of sample by cow, alignments were subsampled by extracting the first 1000, 10 000, 100 000, 1 million, 2 million, 3 million, 4 million, 5 million and 6 million reads from each alignment file. Hierarchical clustering was then performed on the subsamples as described above, using the Canberra distance matrix method.
For the rumen/faeces comparison experiment sequence reads were hierarchically clustered using the same method as the sample repeatability experiment. The R statistical package
Linear mixed models
Statistical analysis was performed using ASReml
KEGG assignments
For the rumen/faeces comparison experiment 100 000 reads with a minimum Phred quality of 20 for every base, a minimum average quality of 30 across the whole read and a minimum length of 90 basepairs were aligned to nr (last update September 22nd 2011) database on an internal system using BLASTx (minimum e-value 0.2, 5 alignments per read). The resulting output file was then loaded into MEGAN, and the level 2 KEGG assignments were extracted.
Animal ethics statement
Samples collection was approved by the Victorian Department of Primary Industries (DPI) Agricultural Research & Extension Animal Ethics Committee (Number: AEC 2010_16) and the DPI Metropolitan Animal Ethics Committee (Number: 07/004/DH), and conformed with all relevant regulatory standards.
Sequence data availability
All raw Illumina sequence data can be obtained freely by contacting the Department of Primary Industries Victoria Biosciences Research Division. The DPI_rumen database has been uploaded to MG-RAST (metagenomics.anl.gov) [ID: 4491686.3].
The authors thank Dr. Pippa Kay, Dr. Josquin Tibbits, Kahlil Lawless, Dr. Steve Petrovski, Charlotte Anderson, Sami Hakim and the staff of DPI Ellinbank that were involved in sampling. Funding for this work was provided by the Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre and the Gardiner Foundation.
The use of molecular techniques based on ribosomal RNA and DNA for rumen microbial ecosystem studies: a review
Linkage of microbial ecology to phenotype: correlation of rumen microbial ecology to cattle's feed efficiency
Characterization of variation in rumen methanogenic communities under different dietary and host feed efficiency conditions, as determined by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis
Assessment of the microbial ecology of ruminal methanogens in cattle with different feed efficiencies
Reducing rumen methane emissions through elimination of rumen protozoa
Metagenomic discovery of biomass-degrading genes and genomes from cow rumen
Rumen microbial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet
Comparative studies of microbial populations in the rumen, duodenum, ileum and faeces of lactating dairy cows
Experimental factors affecting PCR-based estimates of microbial species richness and evenness
Polymerase chain reaction primers miss half of rRNA microbial diversity
Effect of PCR amplicon size on assessments of clone library microbial diversity and community structure
The human microbiome project
Green Genes
A greedy algorithm for aligning DNA sequences
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs
Gene-centric metagenomics of the fiber-adherent bovine rumen microbiome reveals forage specific glycoside hydrolases
Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform
Comparative metagenomics of microbial communities
Pvclust: an R package for assessing the uncertainty in hierarchical clustering
MEGAN analysis of metagenomic data
From RNA-seq reads to differential expression results
Evaluation of the bacterial diversity in the feces of cattle using 16S rDNA bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP)
Community structures of fecal bacteria in cattle from different animal feeding operations
Serial analysis of ribosomal sequence tags (SARST): a high-throughput method for profiling complex microbial communities
Differences in the rumen methanogen population of lactating Jersey and Holstein dairy cows under the same diet regimen
Ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tract in cattle
Virulence-associated and antibiotic resistance genes of microbial populations in cattle feces analyzed using a metagenomic approach
DNA extraction method affects microbial community profiles from soils and sediment
Comparing bacterial communities inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics
Integrative analysis of environmental sequences using MEGAN4

subset: commoncrawl


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Dark Ritual
Posted by Wendy at 10:25 PM Thursday, April 21, 2011 Labels: Hidden Object Games
Step into the shoes of a detective who has been approached by the FBI to take over a terrifying case and stop a Dark Ritual! Explore Dr. Seymour Brown's spooky mansion and see what the crazed scientist has been experimenting with! Track down your missing sister and help Agent Johnson stop the insanity that has taken over Blackwood Mansion in this intriguing Hidden Object Puzzle Adventure game.
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Teen missing from Bray since the 15th of March
Gardaí are seeking the public's assistance in tracing the whereabouts of 17 year old Megan Larkin who is missing from Bray, Co. Wicklow since Sunday, 15th March.
Megan was last seen on Sunday afternoon at approximately 4.30p.m. on New Court Road, Bray. When last seen she was wearing a blue jacket, black leggings, white high top runners, white school bag and a black handbag.
Megan is approximately 5ft 3in tall, of slim build with blue eyes, long brown hair and has an eyebrow piercing.
She is known to frequent the Tallaght area and Dublin city centre.
Gardaí are asking anyone with any information to contact Bray Garda station on 01 - 6665300, The Garda Confidential Line on 1800-666-111, or any Garda station.


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Nice to Meet You, Mr. 888.com
If 888.com has its way Hakeem Nicks of the New York Giants may be answering to the name of Mr. 888.com soon.
Online gambling site 888.com is trying to drum up a little free publicity with an outlandish offer to NFL player Hakeem Nicks, offering to donate $88,800 to a charity of his choice, if he legally changes his name to 888.com for one year.
Nicks Might Seem like an Odd Choice
Nicks might seem an odd choice for the offer but he wears uniform number 88 and plays for a team that has its home games in New Jersey, which is the latest U.S. state to allow online gambling operators such as 888.com to offer online casino and poker to residents and tourists in New Jersey.
Quite a few obstacles remain for the name swap to occur, with a big one being that Nicks makes millions as a professional football player and isn't likely to change his name for what amounts to chump change.
An even larger obstacle is the fact that the NFL has to first approve any name changes of players, a rule that is in place for situations exactly such as this one due to the fact that players' names are printed on the back of jerseys and the NFL wants to prevent any company from getting free publicity that way.
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Question about Panasonic DMR-E20 DVD Recorder
I like to use dvd-ram to record because if i get home on time i can start watching what i'm recording while it is still recording. This has worked famously, until recently. Though I have not changed any settings on the discs, when i put them in now, the error window pops up and says that the disc is protected. Even going into the disc settings won't fix because it says i cannot turn protection on nor format (because it is protected). Any suggestions for this are appreciated, i have put a cleaning disc but it didn't change anything.
Posted by kengleb on
I have the same problem. I recorded onto a DVD-Ram cartridge disc on the DMR-E20 and it recorded no problem. I tried to record on it another time and it says the disc is protected and I also can't format as it says it is protected. I have tried other Ram discs as well (Panasonic ones) and they say the same thing. All the discs I have tried on the E20 work perfectly well on the DMR-EX77 so I know the discs are not faulty.
I bought six new Panasonic LM-AD240-U disks and have the same problem with 4 of them on my Panasonic DMR-E20 The 4 problem disks record just fine on my Panasonic DMR-E10. The vendor is sending me 4 replacement disks today. Let you know how things shake out.
i have the same problem. i have a panasonic dmr-ez27k.records fine on dvd-r,rw not on ram.this is a new machine.please help
Por favor como desbloquear o dvd panasonic DMR-E20
Posted on Sep 08, 2008
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Roughly nine in 10 local authorities who have so far announced plans for 2016-17 have indicated they will raise council tax rates, according to analysis conducted by the Financial Times. Half of these councils propose the maximum 4 per cent increase permitted this year without asking residents to agree in a referendum.
February 12, 2016 at 1pm - 4pm


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Register for the first time | Login | smumn.edu | Help |
The Vision Began with Saint John Baptist De La Salle
De La Salle, the founder of the Brothers of the Christian Schools and the patron saint of educators, believed that education should be relevant, accessible, and affordable. Saint Mary's believes that too.
It would have been impossible for a 17th-century man who never once ventured from his native France to predict the worldwide educational network now built upon his foundation—or to foresee that many of the visionary teaching principles that he and the early Brothers established would be considered common today.
Together and by association for more than 80 years, the De La Salle Christian Brothers— in dedicated partnership with a large community of lay people— have enhanced learning at Saint Mary's University of Minnesota and furthered its strong educational mission.
Throughout the university's history, hundreds of Brothers have worked at Saint Mary's. Some names, like those of the De La Salle Christian Brother presidents, will forever be remembered for their leadership and guidance. Many De La Salle Christian Brother educators have become legends, not only for their dedicated teaching skills and their lengthy tenures but also for their strength of character and inspirational vision.
The face of Saint Mary's has changed through the years. Where many De La Salle Christian Brothers once filled the classrooms and offices, a much smaller number serve today. But the legacy handed down more than 300 years ago by Saint John Baptist de La Salle and the De La Salle Christian Brothers continues to thrive.
This vital charism—the gift of De La Salle and his Brothers to Church and society—is evident in so many aspects of the work being done at Saint Mary's. The Lasallian spirit is enriched by a faith-filled community of employees, who devotedly share the important work of educating and preparing tomorrow's ethical leaders.
Strengthening By A Global Network Of Educators Shaping The Future Of Education
Saint Mary's is a Lasallian Catholic university that prepares its graduates with a distinctive identity in fidelity to the Church's mission in service of the Good News of the Gospel, and a world vision rooted in the Catholic intellectual tradition. Our excellent education prepares graduates to live ethical lives of service and leadership and inspires in them—in the tradition of the De La Salle Christian Brothers—a profound reverence for all human life, a desire to protect the vulnerable, and a commitment to serve the common good.
Saint Mary's is part of a bigger picture including nearly 5,000 De La Salle Christian Brothers around the world with 80,000 colleagues. Together they are engaged in the Lasallian educational mission to nearly 900,000 students in about 1,000 educational ministries located in 80 countries. Today, the Lasallian global network, the ongoing realization of De La Salle's tradition and spirit, is thriving worldwide.
Here in the U.S.A. there are 93 Lasallian educational institutions, including six Lasallian colleges and universities. Faculty, staff, and students at Saint Mary's participate in internal and external Lasallian formation opportunities around the globe, coming together in thought, prayer and reflection, community, and scholarship, exchanging ideas and unifying their work as part of this bigger picture. The Saint Mary's mission, and the mission of the De La Salle Christian Brothers, continues to grow and thrive as it is transmitted from vowed religious to lay partners.
A Renewed Purpose And A New Perspective To Our Mission And Work At Saint Mary's
Lasallian Formation Opportunities range from two-day retreats to two-week seminars to programs that run for three consecutive summers. Participants can take part in opportunities at the Winona and Twin Cities campuses, but may also travel to Illinois, California, and Rome, where they can collaborate and exchange ideas with colleagues from Lasallian partner schools.
Additionally, a number of internationally renowned Lasallian educators and leaders are brought to our campuses to speak to groups. Catholic scholars are invited to address our university community on the richness of the Catholic intellectual tradition. And, each year, more than 100 Lasallians from around the world gather each fall at Saint Mary's for the annual International Lasallian Research Symposium.
The word "transformational" is frequently used when participants look back on their formation experiences. Funding these opportunities is funding the future of Saint Mary's.
The Lasallian Formation Initiative provides resources and education for faculty, staff, students, alumni, and friends to engage in our Lasallian association, keeping the spiritual life and legacy of De La Salle alive for new generations of learners.
Become A Part Of The Legacy
Saint John Baptist de La Salle was committed to Christian education. He strongly believed that education was a means to a better life, here on this world and in the next.
He also believed that teachers needed to meet each individual student at their level and lift them— through relevant and innovative coursework—to new levels. Today, our foundational, centuries-old Lasallian beliefs make a Saint Mary's education more relevant and more important than ever. It's why we're launching the "Discover, Inspire, Lead" campaign to assure that we can continue to discover the truths in the world around us and develop the character within us. We invite you to join us and help provide the resources necessary to make our timeless values relevant for new generations.


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Bulawayo: New Zealand captured five Zimbabwe wickets in quick time in Zimbabwe's second innings to breath new life into the first Test on Friday at Queen's Sports Club. Zimbabwe were 100 for five at the draw of stumps on the fourth day with an overall lead of 112. Campbell on a well-made 45 and skipper Streak on 9 were at the crease, left with the responsibility of steering the home team to safety. Earlier in the day, New Zealand were dismissed for 338 in reply to Zimbabwe's first innings total of 350.
By tea, Zimbabwe were reduced to 36 for three. Zimbabwe's problems began in the seventh over of their second innings when Gavin Rennie was bowled for two by Chris Cairns. Stuart Carlisle advanced down the pitch to off-spinner Paul Wiseman and was bowled for 15, followed two balls later by Grant Flower, on three, edging a delivery from left-arm paceman Shayne O'Connor to wicket-keeper Adam Parore to reduce Zimbabwe to 23-3.
Andy Flower (22) who in the company of Campbell looked to steady things for the home team also perished in the post tea session, followed immediately by Wishart (1) to reduce Zimbabwe to 86 for five.New Zealand were dismissed in the seventh over after lunch when leg-spinner Paul Strang caught and bowled O'Connor for four to finish with eight for 109, the best figures by a Zimbabwean in a Test innings.
The tourists' total was boosted by the 78 runs shared by Parore and Daniel Vettori, a ninth-wicket record in matches between the two countries. Parore was 32 not out, while Vettori scored 49.


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Undoubtedly Vonnegut's most influential work, Slaughterhouse-Five tells the satirical story of soldier Billy Pilgrim, captured by Germans and held in a defunct slaughterhouse. Unmoored to a conventional period in history, the events in Pilgrim's life occur randomly and without a traditional chronological underpinning. His story deals with themes of free will, fate, and the illogical nature of the human mind.
Adapted for a magnificent George Roy Hill film three years later (perhaps the only film adaptation of a masterpiece which exceeds its source), Slaughterhouse-Five (1969) is the now famous parable of Billy Pilgrim, a World War II veteran and POW, who has in the later stage of his life become "unstuck in time" and who experiences at will (or unwillingly) all known events of his chronology out of order and sometimes simultaneously.
Traumatized by the bombing of Dresden at the time he had been imprisoned, Pilgrim drifts through all events and history, sometimes deeply implicated, sometimes a witness. He is surrounded by Vonnegut's usual large cast of continuing characters (notably here the hack science fiction writer Kilgore Trout and the alien Tralmafadorians who oversee his life and remind him constantly that there is no causation, no order, no motive to existence).
The "unstuck" nature of Pilgrim's experience may constitute an early novelistic use of what we now call Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; then again, Pilgrim's aliens may be as "real" as Dresden is real to him. Struggling to find some purpose, order or meaning to his existence and humanity's, Pilgrim meets the beauteous and mysterious Montana Wildhack (certainly the author's best character name), has a child with her and drifts on some supernal plane, finally, in which Kilgore Trout, the Tralmafadorians, Montana Wildhack and the ruins of Dresden do not merge but rather disperse through all planes of existence.
Slaughterhouse-Fivewas hugely successful, brought Vonnegut an enormous audience, was a finalist for the National Book Award and a bestseller and remains four decades later as timeless and shattering a war fiction as Catch-22, with which it stands as the two signal novels of their riotous and furious decade.
Kurt Vonnegut
Kurt Vonnegut (1922-2007) is one of the most beloved American writers of the twentieth century. Vonnegut's audience increased steadily since his first five pieces in the 1950s and grew from there. His 1968 novel Slaughterhouse-Five has become a canonic war novel with Joseph Heller's Catch-22 to form the truest and darkest of what came from World War II.Vonnegut began his career as a science fiction writer, and his early novels--Player Piano and The Sirens of Titan--were categorized as such even as they appealed to an audience far beyond the reach of the category. In the 1960s, Vonnegut became closely associated with the Baby Boomer generation, a writer on that side, so to speak.Now that Vonnegut's work has been studied as a large body of work, it has been more deeply understood and unified. There is a consistency to his satirical insight, humor and anger which makes his work so synergistic. It seems clear that the more of Vonnegut's work you read, the more it resonates and the more you wish to read. Scholars believe that Vonnegut's reputation (like Mark Twain's) will grow steadily through the decades as his work continues to increase in relevance and new connections are formed, new insights made.
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As you know, SEO can get you in front of larger audiences and help you stay ahead of your competition. Quality SEO will get to the top of search rankings and get more visitors to your website as a result. Using an SEO professional will get customers to stay once they arrive at your website. Plus, SEO is an ever-changing science and having an SEO professional take care of your search rankings is more important than ever.
SEO can benefit your business because it will allow you to improve your SEO rankings and get in front of more clients. However, there are many parts to creating good SEO that include optimizing your website pages, picking the right keywords and adding the right links in the right places on your website are all important.
Allow More Customers to Find Your Business
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Stay Up-To-Date on Google's Changes
Finally, there are several changes coming in 2013 to be aware of and the best SEO professionals are on top of these changes. These changes include things like how Google tracks search rankings based on content and author rankings for those who blog for business.
So remember, you may already be using SEO in your business, but having an SEO professional who knows how to create a plan that caters to your business needs and that can help you be strategic with your SEO, keywords and content will position you ahead of your competition.
Brock Murray
Latest posts by Brock Murray (see all)
- Investigating February's Organic Rankings Volatility - February 10, 2017
- Mobile Web Browsing Overtakes Desktop Usage for the First Time Ever - November 2, 2016
- Google Data Studio Now Available in Canada - September 28, 2016
- Remarketing Tips from a Paid Ads Expert - June 28, 2016
- Political SEO and the Power of a Redirect - February 18, 2016


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Home | About | Contact Us | Publishers | Help | RSS
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Belling, Catherine
Post to Citeulike
1 Citations
This paper suggests that the purpose of humanities teaching within medical education should be primarily to teach and promote the informed, attentive, critical, and precise reading of the multiple texts that constitute medicine as a discursive field—in short, a poetics of medicine. This claim is illustrated by reconsidering Margaret Edson's play Wit, not as it is often used in medical education, as a cautionary tale about unprofessional behavior or as a way to inculcate "humanistic skills," but as an analysis of the relationships between texts and feelings—or cognition and emotion, or science and art. This reading is illustrated by comparing the poetics of Wit with those of two other texts representing ovarian cancer: a scientific paper in Oncology and a clinical case conference in JAMA.
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Hayter, Charles R. R.
2 Citations
Medical student shows are a prominent feature of medical student life around the world. Following a traditional vaudeville format of skits and songs, the shows are notorious for their exuberance, bawdiness, and lack of political correctness. Despite their widespread prevalence and sometimes hostile reactions, there has been no previous study of these shows. Based on research of scripts, programs, reviews, and oral history, this article explores their history and content and argues that, far from being irrelevant frivolities, these shows serve several important functions. These include the fostering of communal spirit, the development of skills in teamwork, and the collective ventilation of emotional reactions to the process of becoming a doctor. They are one offshoot of the ancient and important tradition of misrule in Western society.
Shapiro, Johanna; Kasman, Deborah; Shafer, Audrey
50 Citations
Personal, creative writing as a process for reflection on patient care and socialization into medicine ("reflective writing") has important potential uses in educating medical students and residents. Based on the authors' experiences with a range of writing activities in academic medical settings, this article sets forth a conceptual model for considering the processes and effects of such writing. The first phase (writing) is individual and solitary, consisting of personal reflection and creation. Here, introspection and imagination guide learners from loss of certainty to reclaiming a personal voice; identifying the patient's voice; acknowledging simultaneously valid yet often conflicting perspectives; and recognizing and responding to the range of emotions triggered in patient care. The next phase (small-group reading and discussion) is public and communal, where sharing one's writing results in acknowledging vulnerability, risk-taking, and self-disclosure. Listening to others' writing becomes an exercise in mindfulness and presence, including witnessing suffering and confusion experienced by others. Specific pedagogical goals in three arenas-professional development, patient care and practitioner well-being – are linked to the writing/reading/listening process. The intent of presenting this model is to help frame future intellectual inquiry and investigation into this innovative pedagogical modality.
Campbell, Fiona Kumari
16 Citations
The biomedicalist conceptualization of disablement as a personal medical tragedy has been criticized by disability studies scholars for discounting the difference between disability and impairment and the ways disability is produced by socio-environmental factors. This paper discusses prospects for partnerships between disability studies teaching/research and medical education; addresses some of the themes around the necessity of critical disability studies training for medical students; and examines a selection of issues and themes that have arisen from disability education courses within medical schools globally. The paper concludes that providing there is a commitment from senior management, universities are well positioned to apply both vertical and horizontal approaches to teaching disability studies to medical students.
DasGupta, Sayantani; Fornari, Alice; Geer, Kamini; Hahn, Louisa; Kumar, Vanita; Lee, Hyun Joon; Rubin, Susan; Gold, Marji
Show all (8)
9 Citations
Although social justice is an integral component of medical professionalism, there is little discussion in medical education about how to teach it to future physicians. Using adult learning theory and the work of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire, medical educators can teach a socially-conscious professionalism through educational content and teaching strategies. Such teaching can model non-hierarchical relationships to learners, which can translate to their clinical interactions with patients. Freirian teaching can additionally foster professionalism in both teachers and learners by ensuring that they are involved citizens in their local, national and international communities.
McKenna, Brian
6 Citations
An anthropologist describes how he found himself at the vortex of a "clash of medical civilizations:" neoliberalism and the international primary health care movement. His involvement in a $6 million social change initiative in medical education became a basis to unlock the hidden tensions, contradictions and movements within the "primary care" phenomenon. The essay is structured on five ethnographic stories, situated on a continuum from "natural" species-level primary care to "unnatural" neoliberal primary care. Food is an element of all tales. Taking the long view of history/prehistory permits us to better recognize ideological distortions in order to more capably transform medicine.
Miller, Alexa; Grohe, Michelle; Khoshbin, Shahram; Katz, Joel T.
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Increasingly, medical educators integrate art-viewing into curricular interventions that teach clinical observation—often with local art museum educators. How can cross-disciplinary collaborators explicitly connect the skills learned in the art museum with those used at the bedside? One approach is for educators to align their pedagogical approach using similar teaching methods in the separate contexts of the galleries and the clinic. We describe two linked pedagogical exercises—Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) in the museum galleries and observation at the bedside—from "Training the Eye: Improving the Art of Physical Diagnosis," an elective museum-based course at Harvard Medical School. It is our opinion that while strategic interactions with the visual arts can improve skills, it is essential for students to apply them in a clinical context with faculty support—requiring educators across disciplines to learn from one another.
Rossiter, Kate
5 Citations
This paper addresses a growing concern within the medical humanities community regarding the perceived need for a more empathically-focused medical curricula, and advocates for the use of creative pedagogical forms as a means to attend to issues of suffering and relationality. Drawing from the ethical philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas, I critique the notion of empathy on the basis that it erases difference and disregards otherness. Rather, I propose that the concept of empathy may be usefully replaced with that of ethical responsibility, which suggests a shared sense of humanity outside the boundaries of presumed knowledge of the other. To illustrate this argument, I theorize the importance of theater within medical education. Theater, I argue, may engender ethical responsibility in the Levinasian sense, and thus may allow learners to differently engage with the experience of the suffering other. As such, I examine Margaret Edson's widely used play Wit as a platform for such an ethical encounter to occur. Thus, rather than working to understand the value of theater in medical education in terms of knowledge and skill acquisition, I theorize that its primacy within medical curricula arises from its ethical/relational potential, or potential to engender new forms of inter-human relationality.
Gillis, Christina M.
4 Citations
Accepting as a given that the humanities disciplines are not product or "results" driven, this paper argues that the core of an interdisciplinary field of medicine and humanities, or medical humanities, is an interpretive enterprise that is not readily open to quantitative assessment. A more humanistically oriented medical practice can derive, however, from the process that produces new insights and works toward the development of a new, mutually shared, and humanizing language.
Reisman, Jonathan; Nigliazzo, Stacy; Buckley, Sarah; Childers, Ryan; Shafer, Audrey
Show all (5)
Poetry illuminates the work of health care professionals well beyond procedure guidelines, clinic schedules or best practice policy. Poems and commentary from the perspective of a nurse, an emergency medical technician and two physicians are accompanied by an exploration of the meaning of work and the role of medical humanities.
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Meet our Team Members
Meet our amazing team members.
- CEO & CO-FounderOded Shoham
Oded Shoham CEO & CO-Founder
This is Oded's second time in creating a successful video advertising business unit, after doing the same for Matomy Media Group. Oded has a BA in Japanese Studies from the Hebrew University, and an Executive MBA from ESCP Europe. Oded focuses on the strategic partnerships that position evania Video as the local industry leader.
He has been living and breathing the online video advertising ecosystem for the past 4 years, an addiction which could very well be responsible for the early baldness - or at least that's his claim.
- COO & CO-FounderHagai Sadot
Hagai Sadot COO & CO-Founder
Hagai filled marketing and strategic positions in Natural Intelligence, one of Tel Aviv's fastest growing start-ups. Coupled with strong strategic skills acquired while working at TASC Consulting and Capital, one of Israel's top consulting firms, Hagai leads the video operations team and activity. Hagai has a BA in Business Management from the Hebrew University.
Usually an extremely focused professional, unless a construction site is viewable from the office windows - in which case he will spend hours pointing at tractors like a 5 year old boy.
- Advisory boardDavid Pikart
David Pikart Advisory board
Considered by some to be the "whiz-kid" of German ad-tech, David founded evania GmbH from his mobile phone, while still attending high-school. David is a prominent and recognized figure in the German online market. For the past 8 years, David has led the company to increasing profitability, with a firm belief that a successful CEO needs to crack a victory beer every evening at 6pm sharp while poorly singing along to loud teenage girly music.


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Office administrators perform a variety of management and administrative tasks in offices, including assigning work, setting deadlines for work, ordering supplies for the office and training employees. Administrators also maintain office equipment, set schedules, formulate and implement policies for employees and evaluate employee work performance. The role of the office administrator is to ensure the efficient and effective operation of the office.Continue Reading
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The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics anticipates the need for office administrators and other related occupations in office and administrative support fields to grow by 12 percent by 2022. The median annual salary for an office administrator is $49,330, as of 2012.Learn more about Career Aspirations


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5 in 1: Gold, Silver, White, Black and Translucent.
The reflector with five different reflective surfaces can be used to fill in, reflect, diffuse, absorb or soften light.
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It is time to buy Facebook (NASDAQ:FB) on the dip. Despite the better-than-estimated earnings results last April 23, the sell-side team helped Facebook drop to $57.71. I'm hoping the downturn will continue this Monday so I can buy more FB shares. Facebook was very good to me last March where I was able to unload majority of my shares for $68++.
Facebook delivered stellar Q1 numbers so the post-earnings sell off is likely due to outgoing CFO David Eberman's cautionary statement that ad sales growth will likely slow down this year. Many FB investors ignored the impressive Q1 achievements and gave Zuckerberg's company a bearish run last April 25.
Source: Seeking Alpha
Facebook's consistent ad revenue growth for the last two years is the driving force behind the stock's impressive run since last year.
Source: Estimize
The mobile-first campaign has helped Facebook beat the Street estimates since Q2 2013. Mobile ads now account for 59% of Facebook's ad sales. Eberman's warning of downturn in ad sales is therefore a big market turn-off.
The Quarter-over-Quarter -3.5% dip in advertising sales for Q1 2014 compared to Q4 2013 validates Eberman's warning. I'm still happy that compared to the same period last year, advertising revenue is 82% higher. I am also noting that for FY 2012 and 2013, Q2 revenue (including ad sales) historically goes up.
The company's overall profitability is hostage to its ad sales performance. Weakness in ad revenue delivers lower Facebook operating income.
The decline in ad sales for Q1 2014 also delivered a -6.2% decrease in non-GAAP operating income. FB will definitely recover its stock price once Q2 delivers better ad sales numbers. The recent downside movement should be exploited by ardent FB believers. It is time to raise some cash to buy Facebook this week.
Facebook is a Buy-on-the-dip Bet
Alpha Omega Mathematica (AOM) rates FB a Buy. AOM's Growth Strategy Model gives Facebook a Strong buy and its Balanced Strategy puts Facebook a Buy compared to its Market, Industry, and Sector peers.
Source: Alpha Omega Mathematica
Facebook's most compelling reasons are found in its Growth Indicator chart. Compared to its sector and industry peers, FB is a monster growth ticker for the previous five years. AOM's modeling algorithm also predicts that Facebook will continue beating its peers for the next five years on both EPS and sales growth.
Source: Alpha Omega Mathematica
The Growth-fueled bullish call of AOM is supported by Finviz's data.
Looking at the chart above, Facebook is definitely in the bubble-stock category. It has very high P/E, P/S and P/B ratios. On the other hand, Facebook's exemplary margins, quick/current ratios, and debt-free, cash rich status makes it a worthy bet.
Most of the FB gains from March divestment were used to increase my position in Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) and 3D Systems (NYSE:DDD). DDD is still horrible. However, Apple's monster iPhone sales beat last week means I can do some profit taking on AAPL this week to finance a re-buy on Facebook.
I'm a very small investor from the Philippines. I have to do portfolio realignment whenever the need arises. AAPL is almost 20% of my portfolio and I felt that reducing it to 10% while it is still north of $565 is prudent profit-taking. I'm still bullish on AAPL for its premiere fundamentals and new found glory. On the other hand, I'm gambling that FB's recent fall from grace presents a strategic opportunity.
The $85 PT Endorsement from Deutsche Bank
Deutsche Bank reiterated its Buy rating for Facebook and increased the price target from $76 to $85 last April 24. Other investment houses also reiterated their Buy or Outperform ratings for Facebook after the April 23 earnings report. Five influential firms all raised their price targets for FB.
The multiple endorsements still failed to deter the sell-side players from beating FB down south of $58 last Friday.
Source: Finviz
The average price target from those five endorsers is $80.40. I'm more inclined to support the $85 PT from Deutsche Bank because of recent developments. It is a realistic forward valuation for FY 2014. Contrary to Eberman's assessment, I still see Facebook's mobile advertising sales to grow by double-digit for the next three quarters.
The $85 PT is within probable reasons. It can be achieved through new monetization efforts this year. Facebook is setting up its own mobile advertising company to compete with established players like Millennial Media (NYSE:MM) and Google (GOOG, GOOGL). The said new venture will let Facebook offer ad services to third-party companies outside Facebook's social app for mobile.
The new advertising unit of Facebook is expected to debut during the F8 conference this April 30. It will be a direct challenge to Google's AdSense program for mobile. Increasing the advertising reach outside Facebook's own ecosystem makes me believe that Facebook's overall advertising sales this year will greatly improve.
Mobile advertising is the new growth area for digital advertising and Facebook's pervasive presence in smartphones and tablets makes it better-positioned than its rivals. Facebook's Mobile Monthly Active Users has increased to more than a billion people.
The increased focus on mobile advertising bids well for the company's main source of advertising sales. The North American market still accounts for most of Facebook's ad sales.
Source: Facebook
U.S. residents are increasingly more exposed to mobile-based advertising.
An autonomous mobile advertising unit for customers to place ads in non-Facebook applications will help FB steal more business from Google. Business Insider is predicting that Facebook will more than double its global mobile ad sales this year to $6.8 billion. This prediction is highly credible with the help of the new mobile ad advertising division.
Source: Business Insider
Facebook, with Instagram and WhatsApp's huge pool of eyeballs, is strongly positioned to take away the mobile advertising crown from Google within the near future. The future of mobile advertising is estimated to be worth almost $60 billion by 2017.
Source: Statista.com
Another reason why I believe that FB can hit $85 this year is the new pilot prepaid SIM program of WhatsApp for the German market. WhatsApp is leveraging its almost half-a-billion users by issuing prepaid SIM cards. Germans can pay 10 Euros for the e-Plus SIM which gives free WhatsApp data, messaging, and calling services.
This venture hints that Facebook can gradually become a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO). If the prepaid SIM program gets expanded to other countries, I see at least 30 million WhatsApp addicts availing of the said product within a year's time. It's a new monthly subscription-based revenue stream for the company.
Last but not the least, I also believe that Facebook's new venture into e-money transfer services in Ireland is another pilot project for the company's future entry into global money transfer. It's another credible tailwind towards the $85 price target.
Facebook's more than 1.27 billion monthly active users is a rich customer base for money transfer solutions. Facebook can give its users cheaper transfer rates than what Western Union (NYSE:WU), MoneyGram (NYSE:MGI), and Xoom (NASDAQ:XOOM) currently offer.
Facebook is a buy. The $85 price target is within reason. The company's entry into full-blown mobile advertising, money transfer, and prepaid SIM are compelling tailwinds towards a 40% or more upside potential for the rest of 2014.
Disclosure: I am long FB, GOOG, AAPL, MM, DDD. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.


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Sam Hunt Covers Waylon Jennings Classic 'Belle of the Ball' [Watch]
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Sam Hunt showed his traditional country side at Nashville's Ryman Auditorium during CRS week, when he broke out his acoustic guitar to perform the Waylon Jennings classic "Belle of the Ball."
Hunt has been taking country music in new directions ever since the release of his debut single "Leave the Night On" in 2014. His freshman album, Montevallo, continued his trend, raising the question of the 'country authenticity' in Hunt's music.
As you can see in the video above, Hunt doesn't forget his genre's roots while he pays homage to the country legend.
"I met a beautiful lady, a pure Southern belle of the ball / Like Scarlet O'Hara loved no one but wanted them all," Hunt sang soulfully to the adoring crowd.
The "Break Up in a Small Town" singer has come under a lot of heat for his forward-thinking country music that often blends a variety of genres, and he's right when he says it makes listeners curious.
"A lot of times, songs can blend together on the radio because there's so many great songs out there," he comments. "I wasn't intentionally trying to be different, but that was an element of what I naturally do that happened to be unique enough to spark a curiosity for people."
Hunt is gearing up to hit the road this summer with country superstar Kenny Chesney as a part of his Spread the Love Tour with Miranda Lambert and Old Dominion.
You Think You Know Sam Hunt?
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The Swedish Presidency of the EU is keen to introduce the right to translation for suspects throughout the EU in a deal that could be reached as early as next week. In July, The European Commission presented a proposal to give suspects the right to translation and interpretation during criminal proceedings. At the same time, Sweden published a plan for how this and a number of other rights for suspects would be introduced on a step-by-step basis.
The most controversial aspects of the plans among most European countries, is the right to a lawyer and the right to be informed of one's rights at the time of arrest and questioning. The proposals to expand rights for suspects are being supported by Fair Trials International.


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Host Sharon Collins introduces viewers to millennials who are ready to take the reins and lead the conservation effort for a new generation. Thursday, July 27 at 8:30 PM
On Second Thought is a one-hour, daily news talk show that airs at 9 a.m. ET weekdays.
The Savannah River Keeper's Gator Fest 2017, Augusta's open-water swim event, is Saturday.
The GHSA state championships for football are right around the corner. There are 16 teams left on the road to the Georgia Dome and by late Saturday night all eight champions for 2016 will be... MORE
GPB Passport is the new member benefit that provides you with extended access to an on-demand library of quality local and national public television programming, including tens of thousands of hours of your favorite programs.
Wed., October 30, 2013 1:30pm
Savannah Beer Surge Prompts Questions
Savannah is taking off as a beer town. And that's prompting officials to take a new look at the city's drinking laws. Savannah is one of the few cities where people can drink downtown in public year-round.
Full Story
Fri., August 16, 2013 9:00am
Georgia Wineries Want Dry Weather
Georgia wine growers say this year might not be their best vintage. The heavy rain Georgia has seen this summer isn't ruining this year's harvest. But it will delay grape processing and possibly dilute sugars and flavors that make the best wines.
Wed., May 29, 2013 11:18am
Boating While Drinking Arrests Up
The Department of Natural Resources said its officers arrested more people for boating under the influence on Georgia's waterways this Memorial Day weekend than in 2012. According to Captain Mike England, head of DNR's law enforcement division, there were 27 BUI arrests over the holiday weekend in 2012 and 42 arrests in 2013.
Mon., January 7, 2013 12:11pm
Savannah Revising Alcohol Laws
Savannah is re-writing its alcoholic beverage ordinances. The city already has some of the most liberal liquor laws in the nation. But the rules don't address some more novel uses alcohol. Beekeeper Ted Dennard wants to stock his stores with mead, the ancient honey-made drink, and offer people samples.
Mon., December 17, 2012 9:00am
Tybee Island Repeals Alcohol Ban
The city council on Tybee Island has repealed a ban on drinking alcohol on the beach, though they say the ban was rarely enforced. An amended ordinance also officially legalizes drinking on public streets, parking lots and sidewalks, which has also been historically permitted.
Tue., July 31, 2012 6:01am
Cobb Cracks Down On Underage Drinking
A metro Atlanta county is cracking down on underage drinking. Cobb County last week became the second jurisdiction in the area to approve an ordinance aimed at holding adults more accountable for their role in underage drinking.
Tue., June 5, 2012 5:12am
Carrollton Allows Open Containers Downtown
The Carrollton City Council approved measures Monday night that would allow open containers downtown as long as the beverage was bought at a business in the downtown area.
Fri., July 8, 2011 9:06am
Feds Approve Ga. Liquor Maker
Georgia's home-grown liquor industry is getting a new player. Officials at Milledgeville-based Georgia Distilling Company say, they now have federal and local permits and soon expect their state permit to begin operation. A company official says, the state permit follows the federal and local ones, so he's planning on opening in two months.


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ATEME enables DTH operators to offer high-quality video services both through Satellite distribution as well as Over-The-Top to traditional STBs and IP video devices.
Our leading video processing solution allows DTH to reduce OPEX by better multiplexing live feeds and PUSH VOD into satellite links.
ATEME's video processing solution focuses on superb video quality and compression.
By utilizing the TITAN based family of products in the headends, DTH operators can generate all of the profiles and protocols required for delivery to any device. The TITAN product family is based on pure software running on COTS HW and supports virtualized software environments, enabling data-center economics and operational efficiencies.
In order to improve the quality of their incoming live sources and achieve better compression gains and higher quality to their subscribers, ATEME Management System offers a complete management and monitoring solution for the DTH headend.
DTH operators may choose to place a Kyrion encoder at the Content Provider facility in order to receive high quality mezzanine live sources into their national headends, or use the existing sources available from content providers.


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Customer Service
Please contact us with any questions via the phone numbers or emails here. Your inquiry will be immediately routed to the appropriate Spafinder Wellness representative, who will respond as soon as possible.
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If you would like to track your package, change your order, add to your order, or share any questions or concerns, you may contact us directly via email at firstname.lastname@example.com, or by phone at 1-844-208-0169 from 8:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m. EST. If you have a gift card number or order number, please be sure to have it available so we may better assist you.
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- Athletics Home
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Georgetown College women's basketball team has not struggled to score this season, averaging 73.5 points. But, the No. 18 Tigers (14-6) have not always been the sharpest of shooters. Coming into this week's home games, Georgetown was hitting about 23 shots per game. The team hit roughly 37 shots in each of this week's games of onslaught wins.
GC followed up its 33-point shooting clinic over University of Rio Grande, which has been receiving votes in the national poll, with a 96-46 win over West Virginia Tech (6-15) on Saturday.
"Coming off back-to-back losses and our first losses in the conference this past week, this is what we needed to do," said Tiger head coach Andrea McCloskey. "We have to win the ones we should and a pair of home games are just that."
It was another balanced night with six double-figure scorers. Rockcastle County product Angie Lawrence came off the bench to tie her career-high with 16 points to lead the way. Tates Creek standout Lizza Jonas dropped in 14 points and also snagged a game-tying high seven rebounds. Gina Beining and Jessica Waddle had 12 points each, while Andrea Howard and Devon Golden finished with 11 each.
"We had great production from our bench this week and that is something we have to see continue," McCloskey said. "Chelsey (Johnson), Angie, Lizza and Mikkah (Rogers) can give us such a spark and we don't loss anything with any of them out there.
"Now we have to go back on the road and battle there as well. We have St. Catharine and Campbellsville next week. Both will be tough games."
The Tigers go to Springfield first for a 6 pm game Thursday. The Patriots are coming off an 81-76 win over No. 20 Lindsey Wilson College. GC follows that up with a trip to Campbellsville Saturday for a 2 pm game.


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Robust, durable and ideal for mounting bodies – the frame
The robust frame of the new Actros is weight-optimised and ideal for mounting bodies. It's packed with innovative touches like easy-switch bolted components to help make every task run smoothly.
*Please note that this is an international gallery. Vehicle specifications may vary from the South African market. Alternatively, visit any Mercedes-Benz dealership


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Colorful Flowers Shine in This Quilt
July 30, 2016 | Applique Quilts, Quilt Ideas|
Go Bold and Bright or Soft and Sweet for a Quilt That's Uniquely Yours!
Big applique flowers pack a punch in this whimsical quilt. Simple piecing and easy fusible applique make it a breeze to stitch together.
Choose your favorite colors for this fun quilt. While we enjoy the quilt in bold colors, softer fabrics will be charming too. We love how the gingham and polka dot fabrics add interest to the version pictured here.
The quilt, by Antonie Alexander of The Red Boot Quilt Co., is for a quilt that measures 86 ½" x 98 ½". It will be easy to resize it by adjusting the number of flower blocks.


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Our Fertility Test prices include the doctor's order that you need to get tested in Pleasanton, TX, all lab fees and taxes, and a pdf copy of your results. For current prices, please CLICK HERE.
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For a sample report of a popular Fertility Test panel, please CLICK HERE.
We are delighted to offer a Fertility Test in Pleasanton, TX.
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Hey There
Welcome all entrepreneurs, side-giggers, dreamers, hustlers and small business owners!
I created the Launch Party Society to help people like you create a business and website that represents your unique vision.
In addition to offering productivity, design and website help, being part of the Society connects you with like-minded makers and service providers who want to get better at what we do, grow our businesses and enjoy a well-lived life.
I host events every month that are all about how to take the next specific step you need to reach your goals.
This work is important to me because a few years ago I felt very stuck. Completely. Stuck. My heart knew I wasn't working in the way I was meant to, and I was completely lost in how to get out of my situation.
After a lot experimentation, classes, reading, reflection, and saving money, I took a huge risk and quit my day job to start a different kind of journey. I'm so glad I took that first step and kept on stepping.
It can be challenging and lonely work to do your own thing, yet extremely rewarding.
That's why I also love to celebrate the effort each of us makes in starting new business ideas with the Launch Party Society.
I love being able to share my expertise with others so that you can build a business where you are doing the work you love too.
Contact me today and let's talk about how you can reach your next goal.
~ Kat


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At any age, representing the manifestations of type I and exemplify the principle virulence factors allow him to be stained (sputum, pus, etc.) onto a β-helical architecture while the circumference and cover two-thirds of individuals worldwide, with adult hypertension, its contribution may be cloudy.
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