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1 Principles of Environmental Health Administration By Larry Gordon, M.S., M.P.H. University of New Mexico Key Terms Environmental health and protection Risk assessment Public health assessment Risk communication Risk management Objectives Understand the scope of environmental health and protection, and name at least 30 problems addressed. List at least 10 common program activities.. List at least 5 important support services. Discuss why ecological considerations are important to environmental health and protection. Describe the mission of environmental health and protection agencies. Understand the importance of basing priorities and decisions on sound risk assessment and public health assessment. Explain risk communication and how it differs from public information. Identify at least 10 federal agencies that have major environmental health and protection responsibilities. Introduction Public and scientific concern regarding the quality of the environment and related public health and ecological considerations continues to be intense. 1 Environmental health and protection services are expected and demanded by the public, the media and political leaders, and are widely considered to be an entitlement. At the state level, environmental health and protection expenditures and numbers of personnel approximate half of the field of public health and is the largest single component of the field of public health. Environmental health and protection services are integral components of the continuum of health services, and are essential precursors to the efficacy of the other components of the health services continuum. Other health continuum services include personal public health services (population based disease prevention and health promotion), as well as health care (diagnosis, treatment, and/or
2 rehabilitation of a patient under care on a one-on-one basis). 2 Definition Environmental health and protection is the art and science of protecting against environmental factors that may adversely impact human health or the ecological balances essential to long term human health and environmental quality. Such factors include, but are not limited to air, food and water contaminants; radiation; toxic chemicals; wastes; disease vectors; safety hazards; and habitat alterations. 3 Organizational Diversity Environmental health, along with personal public health measures, has always been one of the two basic components of the field of public health. The scope of environmental health and protection administration continues to expand and become more complex. The terminology "environmental health and protection," rather than environmental health or environmental protection should be now be used. The separate terms have been utilized to denote programs based on organizational settings rather than logical or definable differences in programs, missions or goals. Distinctions are largely artificial, and have led to inappropriate organizational confusion, undesirable programmatic gaps and overlaps, and separation of activities which share the common goal of protecting the public's health and enhancing environmental quality. In some cases, the separate terminology has created divisive administrative barriers rather than building administrative bridges between the organizations involved in the common struggle for environmental quality. 4 At the federal level, most environmental health and protection programs are administered by agencies other than the US Public Health Service. Among states, some 90 to 95% of environmental health and protection activities are administered by agencies other than state health departments. A 1996 study conducted by Public Technology, Inc. indicates that, at the local level, increasing 2
3 environmental health and protection responsibilities continue to be assigned to agencies other than local health departments. Environmental health and protection administration is as complex as the nature and causes of the problems, and involves both the public and private sectors. Program administration impacts the health of the public, the quality of the environment, and the economy. Program administration requires properly qualified personnel; an informed and supportive citizenry; environmental health and protection leadership; a sound scientific basis; the data necessary to measure and understand problems and trends; a number of vital support services; rational public and private sector policies and workable legislation; and budgets prioritized to deal with the more significant problems as determined by sound epidemiology, toxicology, risk assessment, and public health assessment, as well as public demands and expectations. 5 Values and benefits The values and benefits of environmental health and protection include: enhanced economic status, enhanced productivity, enhanced educational achievement, less social problems, a more livable environment, better quality of life, as well as reduced disease and disability, and reduced health care costs. Scope of Environmental Health and Protection. 6, 7 Environmental health and protection administration is based on risk assessment, risk communication and risk management applied to one or more of the following problems (A reasonably discrete environmental health and protection issue having an impact on human health, safety, or the 3
4 quality of the environment): Ambient air Indoor air Radon Asbestos Noise pollution Radiation Tanning parlors Water pollution Safe drinking water Liquid wastes Cross-connections Eating and drinking establishments Food wholesalers Food retailers Itinerant food establishments Fish sanitation Shellfish production and sanitation Pure food control Slaughterhouses Poultry processing Milk sanitation Industrial hygiene and safety Disaster planning and response Healthful housing Educational facilities Health care facilities Day care facilities Correctional facilities Massage clinics Body art establishments Unintentional injuries Amusement parks Temporary mass gatherings Migrants workers Hazardous spills Brownfields Leaking storage tanks Insects and rodents Nuisances Animal bites Bioterrorism Swimming pools and spas Beaches Park and recreational areas Solid wastes Hazardous wastes Toxic chemicals Lead poisoning Pesticides and herbicides Fertilizers Weeds Global warming Stratospheric ozone depletion Global toxification 4
5 Program activities to prevent or ameliorate the foregoing problems include: Surveillance, sampling, monitoring Regulation, including: Warnings Administrative hearings Permits Grading Compliance schedules Variances Injunctions Administrative and judicial penalties Embargoes Environmental impact requirements Court preparation/testifying Inspection Complaint response Consultation Networking and community involvement Pollution prevention Plan and design review Economic and social incentives Public information and education Problem prioritization Public policy development and implementation Program marketing Strategic planning, and Planning for prevention of environmental health problems through effective involvement during the planning, design and implementation stages of: Energy production and utilization Land use Transportation systems Resource development and consumption Product and facility design Support services for the foregoing include: Epidemiology Laboratory Legal Geographic information systems Personnel training Information technology 5
6 Research Ecological Considerations Public health personnel have traditionally justified, designed, and administered environmental programs based narrowly on public health issues. But as environmental problems, priorities, public perception and involvement, goals, and public policy have evolved, ecological considerations have become increasingly important. Whatever long-term health threats exist, the public and public policy leaders also know that pollution kills fish, limits visibility, creates foul stenches, ruins lakes and rivers, degrades recreational areas, and endangers plant and animal life. 8, 9 The report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science Advisory Board, Reducing Risk: Setting Priorities and Strategies for Environmental Protection, states:... there is no doubt that over time the quality of human life declines as the quality of natural ecosystems declines... over the past 20 years and especially over the past decade, EPA has paid too little attention to natural ecosystems. The Agency has considered the protection of public health to be its primary mission, and it has been less concerned about risks posed to ecosystems... EPA's response to human health risks as compared to ecological risks is inappropriate, because, in the real world, there is little distinction between the two. Over the long term, ecological degradation either directly or indirectly degrades human health and the economy... human health and welfare ultimately rely upon the life support systems and natural resources provided by healthy ecosystems. 10 Mission Environmental health and protection agencies should have missions of administering services in such a manner as to protect the health of the public and the quality of the environment. 6
7 Additionally, environmental health and protection administrators should stimulate interest in related areas in which they may not have primary responsibility. For example, it may be desirable to support and promote such environmental health and protection-related activities as long range community planning, recycling programs, zoning ordinances, plumbing codes, building codes, solid waste systems, economic development, energy conservation, land-use, and transportation systems. Agencies such as agriculture departments have obvious and appropriate missions of promoting and protecting specific industries or segments of public interest. Conflicts of interest occur when missions are mixed, thereby resulting in the familiar "fox in the hen house" syndrome. Such conflicts of interest result in the public being defrauded rather than receiving the protection they deserve. If environmental health and protection administrators do not articulate and adhere to a mission of protecting the health of the public and the quality of the environment, they may end up inadvertently protecting or promoting the interests of those they are charged with regulating. Goal The goal of environmental health and protection is to ensure an environment that will provide optimal public health and safety, ecological well-being, and quality of life for this and future generations. We do not live in a risk-free society or environment. Therefore, the goal for many environmental health and protection program administration is not always be "zero-risk." The pursuit of zero-risk as a standard or goal is frequently unnecessary, economically impractical, frequently unattainable, and may create unfounded public concern when zero-risk is not attained. The pursuit of zero-risk as a goal for one issue may also preclude resource availability to deal with other priorities. The public is barraged with "catastrophe-of-the-week" information regarding environmental risk coupled with a paucity of critical scientific inquiry. Administrators should recognize that there would be many times the actual morbidity and mortality if all the predicted catastrophes were factual. And finally, 7
8 administrators should be scientifically critical, routinely questioning existing policies, standards, and regulations as well as proposals to insure that all measures reflect scientifically valid priorities and needs. Risk Assessment, Communication, Management and Prioritization Risk Assessment Considering the serious differences in perceived priorities between scientists and those of the public and political leaders, risk assessment must be considered an administrative issue to be understood and practiced by all interests involved in protecting the health of the public and the quality of the environment. The U.S Environmental Protection Agency's Science Advisory Board has defined risk assessment as the process by which the form, dimension, and characteristics of risk are estimated. 11 Utilizing sound scientific principles to assess risk is vital to communicating risk, recommending priorities, designing and administering risk management programs, requesting funds, and evaluating control efforts. However, the results of risk assessment models may vary considerably depending on the assumptions, data and models utilized. Serious debate continues over the validity of risk assessment models and methods. Such differences may be confusing to public policy makers, and may create a credibility gap concerning risk assessment as a useful process. Many agencies have developed models which utilize the following risk assessment components: Hazard identification to determine the health, ecological, economic, or quality of life effects of a substance, activity, or problem. Exposure assessment to evaluate the routes, media, magnitudes, time and duration of actual or anticipated exposure, and of anticipated exposures, as well as the number of people, species, and/or areas exposed. 8
9 Amount or dose-response assessment to estimate the relationship between the amount of the substance and the incidence of adverse effects. Risk characterization to estimate the probable incidence of an adverse effect under various conditions of exposure, including a description of the uncertainties involved. Risk assessment has always been utilized informally and even intuitively by public policy makers and environmental health and protection administrators. Utilizing risk assessment mathematical models has been a comparatively recent development. Whenever a decision or recommendation has been made to develop a policy or manage an environmental problem based on available information, a risk assessment has been performed. Frequently, environmental health and protection administrators must make major emergency decisions based on incomplete but compelling information without having the luxury of waiting until incontrovertible evidence is available. 12 This practice is performed daily by environmental health and protection personnel charged with managing such risks as food, water, air, radiation, toxics, noise, and unintentional injuries. Most mathematical health risk assessment models have been developed to determine carcinogenic outcomes. Current models reflect single-agent exposure assessment. New models must be developed to assess effects of multiple incidents of exposures and multiple agents. Increasingly, researchers and practitioners are finding it necessary to develop knowledge and models to determine other types of health and ecological outcomes of various environmental exposures. Besides carcinogenicity, the health outcomes might include mutations, teratogenicity, altered reproductive function, mental health, neuro-behavioral toxicity and other specific organ systems. Risk assessments generally follow the most conservative estimates which can be defended. The uncertainties in the degree of risk are frequently significant, and many issues in risk assessment can only be determined judgmentally. It has been shown that by taking nearly all relevant information about the 9
10 test chemicals into consideration, a group of scientists correctly predicted the outcome at a higher success rate than computer-assisted models. 13 Risk assessment remains as much an art as a science, and risk assessment models need significant improvement. Personnel involved in risk assessment procedures rely on knowledge and skills gleaned from such fields as chemistry, epidemiology, toxicology, biology, engineering, geology, hydrology, statistics, meteorology and physics. The practice of risk assessment is, therefore, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary in nature. Risk assessment procedures are commonly practiced by a team of individuals representing a spectrum of required competencies. Many individuals and agencies have recommended developing a uniform model for risk assessment. Others feel this would prevent needed improvements in the available models and would retard progress in risk assessment procedures and public acceptance. While risk assessment modeling is practiced to some degree by all environmental health and protection agencies, many feel that formal risk assessment should be separate from environmental risk management programs in order to reduce possible politicization of the process. Interesting case studies iterating the politicization of several EPA standards and policies are detailed in the book The Environmental Protection Agency: Asking the Wrong Questions. 14 The U.S. Office of Management and Budget has noted that "The need to keep risk assessment and risk management separate has long been the objective of responsible officials." 15 The National Institute of Medicine (IOM) in its report The Future of Public Health recommends "there should be an institutional home in each state and at the federal level for development and dissemination of knowledge, including research and the provision of technical assistance to lower levels of government and to academic institutions and voluntary organizations." The U.S Public Health Service Bureau of Health Professions publication Educating Environmental Health Science and Protection Professionals 10
11 recommends that the foregoing "IOM and OMB recommendations could best be accomplished by providing start-up financial incentives for each state to organize and staff an Environmental Health Science and Protection Research and Service Institute within a university. By insuring good environmental epidemiology and risk assessment studies specific to each state, environmental health science and protection issues would be better defined and prioritized. In such a system, program funding could address science based recommendations rather than public hysteria. By basing such institutions in academic settings and separating them from operating agencies, emotionalism would be alleviated." The Report of The Committee on the Future of Environmental Health 16 recommends that "Environmental health and protection research institutes should be established in each state to ensure timely research that addresses local and regional issues." Risk assessment is only one of the factors to be used to determine priorities. Other vital considerations include public health assessments, social factors, economic factors, political factors, technical feasibility, and community expectations. Few jurisdictions have adequate multidisciplinary capacity to conduct and implement risk based decision-making and risk management 17. Increasingly, educational programs for environmental health and protection personnel are requiring formal risk assessment and risk communication course content. Programs accredited by the National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation Council are now required to include risk assessment and risk communication as educational competencies. Training in risk assessment and risk communication procedures is available through various short courses and institutes sponsored by various universities, professional groups, EPA and the U.S. Public Health Service. Public Health Assessment 11
12 The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry has developed and emphasized the use of public health assessments in an effort to better measure public health problems and develop realistic solutions. Such public health assessments are increasingly being used to evaluate human health risk. They provide compelling alternatives to risk assessments, as they provide direct measures of human exposures rather than the hypothetical and statistical findings of risk assessments. Public health assessments are based on the data from representative biologic samples and personal monitoring and, therefore, are targeted at actions directly related to the exposure. Public health assessments have enhanced interactions with individuals and communities, and have improved public health decisions and actions. 18 Risk Communication Risk communication is the process of communicating risk with the public, including community groups, the private sector, the media and public policy leaders. In the absence of timely and effective risk communication, risk assessment is merely academic. The utilization of risk assessment inherently requires effective risk communication if findings are to be utilized. Administrators must not confuse official pronouncements and the distribution of public information materials with the art of risk communication. Environmental health and protection administrators must develop and demonstrate effective risk communication skills. Lack of such communication results in priorities and policies that differ considerably from those based on good environmental health and protection science. Effective risk communication requires complete openness throughout the planning and decision process, as well as embracing, including and involving appropriate groups. Failures in risk communication are frequently linked to the failure to involve the public early and openly discuss the needs, assumptions, alternatives, and data on which problems have been assessed and public health assessments conducted 19. Risk 12
13 communication, like risk assessment, is multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary involving the such disciplines as sociologists, political scientists, educators, and marketing professionals. Effective risk communication requires a continuing relationship with the public even in the absence of risk communication crises. Risk communication on a single-issue crisis basis is doomed to be less than optimal. Risk Management Risk management constitutes those measures designed to deal with risk which has been assessed. Most environmental managers and agencies routinely operate to manage risk, but may not use that terminology. Risk management is the process of integrating the results of risk assessment with economic, social, political and legal concerns to develop a course of action to prevent a problem, or solve an existing problem. Risk management methodologies include such measures as those listed on page 5? of this chapter. The issue of how risk is assessed, communicated and managed is among the most critical environmental problems faced by society. Public perception drives the actions of elected officials. However, public perception of environmental priorities and problems frequently differs from that of environmental scientists. We do not live in a zero-risk society, and it is essential that limited resources be utilized to address the higher priority problems. The environment and the health of the public will be best served by prioritizing problems based on the best of risk assessment measures and experienced professional judgment, coupled with effective risk communication and risk management. Prioritization Globally, priority environmental health and protection issues include species extinction; wastes; desertification; deforestation; global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion; planetary toxification; and, most importantly, over-population
14 Congress, as well as state and local legislative bodies, has authorized and funded our nation's various environmental health and protection programs with little regard for risk, relative risk or priority. A December 1991 survey entitled "The Health Scientist Survey: Identifying Consensus on Assessing Human Health Risk", conducted by the Institute for Regulatory Policy of nearly 1,300 professionals in the fields of epidemiology, toxicology, medicine and other health sciences, indicated that over eighty-one percent (81%) of the professionals surveyed believed that public health dollars for reduction of environmental health risk were improperly targeted 21. For many years, the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many other federal, state and local agencies have been attempting to request and allocate resources on the basis of relative risk, and EPA is now placing increased emphasis on ecological risk 22. A Roper poll determined that, in terms of public perception, at least 20 percent of the U.S. public considered hazardous waste sites to be the most significant environmental issue. At the same time, the report of EPA's Science Advisory Board, Reducing Risk: Setting Priorities and Strategies for Environmental Protection, listed ambient air pollution, worker exposure to chemicals, indoor pollution and drinking water pollutants as the major risks to human health. While not EPA programs, food protection, unintentional injuries, and childhood lead poisoning (in specified areas) should be added to this list by any reasonable public health priority. As risks to the natural ecology and human welfare, Reducing Risk listed habitat alteration and destruction; species extinction and overall loss of biological diversity; stratospheric ozone depletion; global climate change; herbicides/pesticides; toxics, nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand and turbidity in surface waters; acid deposition; and airborne toxics. Among relatively low risks to the natural ecology and human welfare, the list also included oil spills, groundwater pollution, radionuclides, acid runoff to surface waters, and thermal pollution. 14
15 Priorities at the local levels may vary considerably, but should be based on public health assessments, epidemiology, community risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis, and public demands, as well as legislative delegation of responsibilities. Organizations Federal Agencies In addition to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, other significant federal environmental health and protection agencies include the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor, the U.S. Public Health Service (including the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Indian Health Service, the Food and Drug Administration, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, and the National Institute for Environmental Health and Safety), the U.S. Coast Guard, the Geological Survey, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Corps of Engineers; and the Departments of Transportation, Agriculture, and Housing and Urban Development. State Agencies A study conducted by the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health under contract with the USPHS Bureau of Health Professions, revealed that at least 85% of state level environmental health and protection activities were being administered by environmental health and protection agencies other than state health departments. 23 Every state indicated that multiple agencies were involved in environmental health and protection activities. Data from the Hopkins study, coupled with data published by the Public Health Foundation 24, also suggest that states spend approximately as much on environmental health and protection as they do on all other public health activities combined. Another study conducted by the University of Texas School of Public Health leads to similar conclusions. 25 It is clear that environmental 15
16 health and protection is the largest single component of the field of public health. Regardless of titles, environmental health and protection agencies are components of the broad field of public health as their programs fall within any common definition (see pg.4) of environmental health and protection and are based on achieving public health goals. Such agencies have various titles such as environment, environmental protection, ecology, labor, agriculture, environmental quality, natural resources, and pollution control. In general, state environmental health and protection agencies are apt to have responsibility for administering water pollution control, air pollution control, solid waste management, public water supplies, meat inspection, occupational health and safety, pesticide regulation, and radiation protection. 26 Local Agencies The majority of local environmental health and protection administration remains the responsibility of local health departments, but there is a trend to assign various responsibilities to local agencies other than health departments. Local activities tend to differ from those assigned state agencies, and focus on such programs as food protection, swimming pool inspection, lead in the environment, onsite liquid waste disposal, groundwater contamination, asbestos surveillance, water supplies, animal/vector control, radon testing, illegal dumping, hazardous materials spills, emergency response planning, health impact statements, and nuisance abatement. A few local jurisdictions administer comprehensive indoor and ambient air pollution control programs. Some local health departments indicate activities in water pollution control, solid waste management, radiation control, and hazardous waste management. 27, 28 Most local governments have assigned certain environmental health and protection administration to agencies such as public works, housing, planning, councils of government, solid waste 16
17 management, special purpose districts, and regional authorities. 29 Federal, State, or Local? Environmental health and protection services should be administered as close to the people as possible. Local agencies can do a better job of protecting the local environment than can a distant bureaucracy. 30 There are, however, certain issues that have defined the responsible levels of government. These include: Problems of an interstate nature such as interstate protection of food and food products, interstate solid and hazardous wastes transportation, interstate water pollution control, interstate pesticide regulation, interstate air pollution resolution are administered by appropriate federal agencies. The federal government has retained partial or sole authority to administer many activities that have been federally mandated or funded including, but not limited to, certain aspects of radioactive waste management, water pollution control and facilities construction, air pollution control, meat inspection, occupational safety and health, and safe drinking water. State and local governments have frequently accepted primacy for administering some of these activities subject to adhering to federal requirements. State agencies or special districts may find it easier to administer certain issues on a problemshed basis rather than on a limited local jurisdiction basis. Examples include water pollution control, air pollution control, solid waste management, and milk sanitation. In sparsely populated states as well as rural areas of some other states, the state agency may exercise direct administrative authority in all program areas. Many state agencies provide technical and consultative support to local environmental health and protection agencies. 17
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Sitter in Spokane Valley
Hello my name is Taylor! I am a junior in high-school. I am very responsible. Also great with kids. I have had many people tell me so(: I have my STARS certification! I baby sit all the time! I have watched up to 9 kids at once by myselfe. I have alot of patience for kids. Thank you (:
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Take a professionally guided bus tour through the city's neighborhoods as we follow in the footsteps of those who created this special community.
Be inspired by the lives of Hartford's Jewish immigrants. Discover why they came to Hartford and how they made their way in the world. Their stories of perseverance, resilience, and success will enrich your life and connect you to the past.
The first congregation to be built in Connecticut, Congregation Beth Israel (presently Charter Oak Cultural Center) and the landmark sites of the former Agudas Achim and The Emanuel Synagogue.
The places where people worked, worshipped, shopped, and played as they built lives for themselves and their families.
About Hartford's Jewish leaders, their accomplishments and contributions, as we return to a special time and place.
About the first Jew to arrive in Hartford in the 1600s, and the challenges faced by the growing Jewish population in the following decades.
Learn how these historic buildings have been preserved and continue to serve people today.
All tours will begin and end at the Community Services Building, 333 Bloomfield Avenue, West Hartford. Tours are expected to last approximately three hours, but are subject to change. Please note that some buildings require climbing stairs and participants unable to visit these sites may remain on the bus.
Visit the Hartford Courant for a review of the tour: click here.
Please call the JHSGH with any questions, 860-727-6170.
To RSVP for the Hartford Bus Tour please complete the two webforms below -- (this information is necessary for RSVP processing in addition to payment, so, again, please remember to fill out this webform below before making payment).
All reservations require payment with registration form prior to tour date. There are two ways to pay for the tour*:
#1. Send a check for the total amount made to the JHSGH to: 333 Bloomfield Avenue, West Hartford, CT 06117 (write "Hartford tour" on check memo)
#2. use your credit card on the PayPal tab below the first registration form.
Please remember to fill out both forms -- the information form and the PayPal credit card form in order to complete your reservation.
Your reservation is not complete until you complete the credit card payment through PayPal. Please use the link below:
*Group rates: Please contact the Society for more information on getting a group rate.
For more information, please feel free to call the JHSGH office at #860-727-6170 or contact us.


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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our uncomplicated sign up form and login to the website.
This step is discretionary but will greatly multiply your chances of your profile getting noticed by other daters. Write about yourself, your pasttimes and upload some good photos of yourself.
Utilise our website's state-of-the-art search to identify members who match your desired criteria. Or just look through listings and identify members that pique your interest.
Found someone who interests you? Drop them a line or just a wink and see what happens next. With a little luck you'll be on your way to a lifetime of happiness.
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Men identified in Saturday motorcycle crash
June 9, 2014
The Nevada Highway Patrol has identified the two people killed and three injured in a triple-motorcycle crash Saturday on State Route 341.
The two motorcyclists killed on the Geiger Grade were 68-year-old James Wood of Silver Springs and 60-year-old Robert Sanders of Reno. The third motorcyclist, 43-year-old Jacob Jensen, was hospitalized with severe injuries.
NHP says 64-year-old Linda Esterling-Wood of Silver Springs, a passenger on Wood's orange Harley Davidson, also was severely injured.
Lisa Cissna of Reno, a 47-year-old passenger on Sanders' black Harley, was injured but treated and released later Saturday.
Investigators say Wood and Sanders were traveling in tandem when Wood's Harley collided with Jensen's Honda, ejecting all three riders.
Sanders' bike drove over the wreckage, causing Sanders and Cissna to be ejected as well.
Trooper Doug Hildebrand of the Nevada Highway Patrol's Major Accident Investigation Team is investigating. Witnesses or anyone with more information are encouraged to reach out to him at (775) 689-4623 or email@example.com regarding case number NHP-140600563.
Recommended Stories For You
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- Woman arrested on parole violation, says Carson City Sheriff's Office


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- HubPages»
- Home
Becoming a Gardener - A Poem
Here is a silly simple-minded poem about the urge to garden, and how I became acquainted with the challenges posed by the neglected half acre that became my home.
A frustrated young gardener
Trapped in a third floor flat,
I yearned to have a plot of land,
A hoe, and a sun hat.
My lanai had two pots on it,
Each one with a worm in it.
Healthy, big tomato plants:
Hybrid, indeterminate.
I married, and we bought–a steal–
A ranch out in the 'burbs.
I jumped for joy and put in bulbs
And culinary herbs.
The trees all needed pruning
And the weeds were five feet tall.
But underneath were raised beds
And a stately old rock wall.
My nemesis became a tree
That hosts a plague of beetles,
And those poorly-chosen woodchips–
They give slivers sharp as needles!
My heroes are the honeybees:
A blessing on this planet.
All hail, in turn, the plant food stakes
That saved my pomegranate!
I've learned to wait, and watch and hope,
By growing things from seeds.
I've reveled in the therapy
One gets from pulling weeds.
From Oregon I ordered
Compost activation kits,
The worms now have a paradise,
And we're swamped with cucurbits.
Many months, dollars, tears,
Toils, and curses later,
It's civilized, almost (not quite)
And I'm a cultivator.
Sometimes, on warm evenings,
I miss the urban scene,
But I can visit, and the tradeoff
Is, my thumbs are finally green.
Great poem, there is nothing like growing your own fruit and veggies, no matter how hard or laborious the process may be.
You are a poet gardener, very well done...
I loved every nonsensical word of it, and I'm tempted to get out there with my gardening gloves ( yet to be purchased)


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To celebrate 75 years of creativity at the 2016 CHA MEGA Conference & Trade Show, we are profiling our members and sharing their stories of how they made their mark in the history of our industry.
In 2002, Scott Remmers and his wife Wendy opened Brea Bead Works in Southern California to offer a broad selection of quality gemstones, crystals, handmade glass beads, and other beads to crafters. In addition to selling beads, the team educates and inspires customers through offering jewelry making workshops. Brea Bead Works has been recognized by Bead Style magazine as one of the best bead stores. More recently, Scott and Wendy helped to establish the CHA North America Bead Association (NABA) Section. He has been the leader of NABA since it was founded in 2013, and is an advocate of bringing bead industry professionals together.
How long have you been a CHA Member?
My wife Wendy and I have been CHA Members for 10 years.
What's the best thing about being a CHA Member?
The best thing about being a CHA Member is learning and being inspired by others in and out of the bead industry. Seeing what others in the craft industry are doing creatively is just amazing! Gathering with members at various CHA events just makes us want to do better in our store as creative and business professionals.
A few years ago, a group of brick-n-mortar retailers, vendors, and designers joined together as the CHA North America Bead Association (NABA) Section. NABA was started to get a conversation going between all the parties on what could be done to better the industry, whether that be through consumer awareness, B2B relations, or something else. While the Section has had some growing pains (what group doesn't?), it has been able to move forward with the support of CHA. We encourage any bead retailer, vendor or designer to join the Section to share their ideas and make their industry stronger.
Why do you love attending the CHA MEGA Show?
I love interacting with everyone! You can't get that when talking on the phone or through an email. It is vital to everyone, especially a store owner, to invent in taking a class, learning something new, or enrolling in a seminar to listen how to make his/her business better. There is always something to take away from a seminar to better your business.
What is your most memorable CHA Show story?
It's embarrassing. Two years ago at the Show, everyone recognized Wendy and me from the photo on the front cover of CHA's Craft Industry Today magazine. We had a story in there about our store, and the start up of the NABA. We would be at vendor booths, walking the Show floor, or whatever and people would just blurt out, "I saw your picture!" It was fun and brought up great conversation!
Join Scott and Wendy at the 2016 CHA MEGA Conference & Trade Show to have FUN and celebrate the latest craft industry products and innovations.
Share your "Cheers to 75 Years" story and we'll feature it on the CHA Blog leading up to the 2016 CHA MEGA Show! Email email@example.com, or share it on Twitter using the hashtag, #WeAreCHA.


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By Sandra Block, Kathy Chu, Christine Dugas, Mindy Fetterman, Noelle Knox and John Waggoner, USA TODAY
Managing your finances doesn't always have to be a costly and hair-pulling headache. It all depends.
Some situations are so complex or sensitive that only the expertise of a seasoned and credentialed financial planner will do. There's no point, for instance, in trying to build a comprehensive estate plan from a few scraps of information on the Web.
But sometimes, all we need is a smidgen of guidance, answers to some basic questions, maybe a chart or a calculator, to help us manage our money.
Fortunately, the Web is crowded with sites that do just that. Best of all: Many of them are free, no strings attached.
Staffers at USA TODAY recently met to select an elite few: the gems of personal-finance cyberspace. There are plenty of other useful sites on the Web not mentioned here. But few would dispute that the free financial sites we've picked are among the very best.
•What it is: This site, from the National Council on Aging, provides information on more than 1,550 public and private benefits programs for seniors in every state and the District of Columbia.
•What we like about it: Many families don't know all the resources available to help ease the financial and emotional toll of elder care. Part of the problem is that those resources can vary so much depending on where you live. This site is a one-stop source of information on programs that help pay for prescription drug programs, in-home services, transportation, energy assistance and other needs.
The site lets seniors or their caregivers enroll directly in these programs, based on eligibility. And if you know someone who needs help, you can arrange to have BenefitsCheckUp send that person information.
•Coolest feature: Application forms for more than 250 programs that pay for drug prescriptions and other health care costs.
Other good sites:
•ChooseToSave.org: A site developed by the Employee Benefit Research Institute to promote savings. It has an interactive tool — BallPark Estimate — to help you figure out how much you need to save for retirement. The site also lists dozens of calculators to help you save, invest and budget.
•AARP.org: A leading source of information for those 50 and older. It covers topics such as debt, savings and Social Security. AARP also teams with financial firms on co-branded auto insurance and health and life insurance, often at a discount. (It receives revenue from these firms when consumers sign up for AARP financial products.)
Mutual funds
•What it is: An independent site devoted to mutual funds — and particularly to the issue of when it's time to sell a fund.
•What we like about it: Ask most people in the fund industry when to sell a fund, and they'll say never. FundAlarm disagrees: Kick that sucker out when its performance lags behind its peers for the past one, three and five years. FundAlarm's list of most alarming funds is a terrific guide to the very worst funds.
Contributor David Snowball's section on new funds is insightful. And the discussion boards cover pretty much everything in mutual fund land.
•Coolest feature: Proprietor Roy Weitz's tart monthly commentary is something you shouldn't miss if you have money in mutual funds. From June's commentary: "If your fund is named Critical Math, and it's marketed on a website called unusualfunds.com, you can't say you haven't been warned."
Other good sites:
•Morningstar.com: Arguably the best-known name in fund analysis, Morningstar offers lucid commentary and excellent statistical analysis. It will constantly push you for a paid membership, but the free mutual-fund information on the site is superb.
•Lipperweb.com: Many of Lipper's services are aimed at financial professionals, but its LipperLeaders fund-screening tools are a thoughtful alternative to Morningstar's star ratings.
Banking and credit cards
•What it is: Bankrate.com provides a harvest of information on everything from checking and savings accounts to mortgages and credit cards.
•What we like about it: Voluminous data, presented clearly and concisely. Bankrate surveys 4,800 financial institutions to find the highest yields — in your state and nationally — on CDs, checking and savings accounts. Need to borrow money? You can hunt for the lowest rates on mortgages and student loans. Calculators can help you see whether you're on track to finance a college education, retire in 10 years or pay off your debt. (USA TODAY, through a partnership with Bankrate, posts some of these calculators on USATODAY.com.) In addition, Bankrate gives tips on improving a credit score, budgeting and home buying.
•Coolest feature: Still can't find the answers you need? E-mail a question to one of Bankrate's financial experts. (Because of the volume of questions, though, Bankrate says it can't answer every query.)
Other good sites:
•CardRatings.com: Provides objective credit card rating information, with about 1,100 card descriptions. Information is available on a wide spectrum of cards, including those that offer rebates and rewards. Also included are roughly 19,000 reviews by consumers of nearly 1,000 cards. Highly rated cards are recognized with a "Top Rated Card" award seal.
•CardWeb.com: Supplies information on credit and other cards, such as prepaid cards, ATM cards and phone cards, along with industry news. And it includes lists of low-rate and no-annual-fee cards. Among the calculators on the site, one can help you determine how long it will take to pay off card debt.
Real estate
•What it is: The official site of the National Association of Realtors provides the most extensive and accurate publicly available database of homes for sale.
•What we like about it: You can search among more than 3 million new and existing homes for sale or rent. Searches can be tailored by ZIP code, price ranges, number of bedrooms or bathrooms, features and single-family home vs. condo/town house.
Realtor.com has an excellent mortgage calculator that lets you change the loan parameters to estimate payments. Buyers can also search for a moving company from among 3,500 members of the American Moving and Storage Association. To save time, you can create a profile and save your search criteria. Realtor.com doesn't sell your information to a third party.
•Coolest feature: The upgraded mapping function lets you zoom in or out on a neighborhood.
Another good site:
Zillow.com: Get a voyeuristic peek at the estimated value of more than 70 million homes nationwide. Check out what your boss's home is worth or find details on recent home sales in your neighborhood. You can list your home for sale — it's free — or you can post a dream "Make Me Move" price and see if anyone's willing to make an offer. One caution: The property values tend to vary in accuracy depending on the area. And recent sales don't identify distressed sales, such as foreclosures, which can distort values.
Paying for college
•What it is: A valuable site for college students and their families that provides detailed information about financial aid, student loans, saving for college, scholarships and more.
•What we like about it: This is probably the most comprehensive college-savings site available. The site was founded by Mark Kantrowitz, a financial aid expert. The information is unbiased, authoritative and free. It details topics from military aid to loan-forgiveness programs. Kantrowitz updates the site to reflect changes in laws and regulations covering financial aid and student loans.
•Coolest feature: Private lenders often promote their "borrower benefits" — reductions in a loan's interest rate or principal if a student makes a certain number of on-time payments or has payments automatically withdrawn from a checking account. But many borrowers don't qualify for these benefits. And their value can vary. A new feature at FinAid, the Loan Discount Analyzer, lets you calculate and compare the potential savings from borrower benefits.
Other good sites:
•College Savings Plans Network (collegesavings.org): A useful site for parents and others seeking information about 529 college savings plans. You can check out your own state's plan and compare it with plans offered by other states.
•Savingforcollege.com: A site that lets you research and compare 529 savings plans. It provides a basic tutorial explaining how 529s work and compares 529 plans with other types of college-savings programs. Basic information about each state's plan is free. More-detailed data require a subscription.
Personal financial planning
Financial Planning Association (fpanet.org)
•What it is: The Financial Planning Association's website, though primarily for its members, offers some nifty tools and information for consumers.
•What we like about it: Don't be turned off by announcements of FPA conventions. Look under "Public Services" for links to brochures, articles, a 401(k) calculator and financial-planning books. Check out "Life Events & Financial Decisions," an interactive graphic of a typical person's life span. Click on your stage of life, and you'll find tips and checklists for how to deal with each phase of your personal financial life.
•Coolest feature: A free "Ask a Planner" link lets you ask a personal financial question of a professional planner.
Other good sites:
•Smartaboutmoney.org: This site from the National Endowment for Financial Education provides important basics on saving for retirement, credit and debt, budgeting and investing. NEFE is a non-profit foundation that aims to help ordinary people take control of their finances.
•Youngmoney.com: This site is from Young Money magazine, a personal finance publication for young people written primarily by student journalists. It's part of InCharge Institute of America, a non-profit that specializes in financial education and credit counseling. The site offers calculators and articles and tips on saving, investing and managing debt.
Would you trust personal finance advice you find on the Internet?
Conversation guidelines: USA TODAY welcomes your thoughts, stories and information related to this article. Please stay on topic and be respectful of others. Keep the conversation appropriate for interested readers across the map.


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We all know how hilarious the Robertson family can be, but no one can top Si's hilarious antics. It's always fun when Si tries to sing modern songs or quote current events.
For example, when Si called a "Brain Freeze" and "Brain Sneeze". His explanation for the phrase is, "Your brain needs to sneeze, but hey, it can't sneeze because it's a brain, so it just hurts." How great is that? Or perhaps that one time he called "Craig's List", "Greg's List"? There's also that one scenario where the guys are talking about how "there are plenty of fish in the sea", referring to women. Well, Si, completely oblivious to this fact, goes on to list all the different fish in the sea, "He's right there. There's blue fin tuna, yellow fin tuna..."
There's alway something that has us doubling over with laughter thanks to Si! Check out this hilarious compilation of everyone's favorite uncle.
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Vegan "jello" Gelatin
Be the first to review
READY IN: 15mins
Recipe by VegSocialWorker
From fatfree.com You can make vegetarian jello (jelled yumminess without the hooves and bones) by using agar-agar! Try different types of juices or flavored liquids as well as different types of chopped fruits or other additions, as you like. Be creative. Chilling time not reflected in cooking time listed below. The texture is a little different than conventional Jello, but it does jell up quite nice and it tastes really good with unsweetened berry juices.
See Discussion:
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 quart fruit juice
- 4 -5 tablespoons agar-agar flakes or 4 -5 teaspoons agar-agar, powder
- 1 pinch sea salt
- chopped fruit
Directions See How It's Made
- Place liquid, salt and agar-agar into saucepan, stir to dissolve the flakes.
- Bring to a boil, reduce flame and simmer for 2 - 3 minutes.
- Place any additional ingredients (fruits, etc) into a shallow bowl and pour hot liquid overall.
- Chill until jelled.


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Michael Adler
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - United States
6 Endorsements
About Michael Adler
Michael E. Adler is the Managing Partner of the Law Office of Michael E. Adler. He focuses his practice on the representation of publicly-traded and privately-held corporations, restaurants, developers and property and financial management companies in complex commercial and litigation matters, including insurance, real estate and contract issues.
He is presently serving as a trustee and Chair of the Grants Committee of the Philadelphia Bar Foundation and an officer of the Temple University Alumni Association. He has served as President of the Temple Law Alumni Association and Vice President of the Board of Directors of Temple Beth Hillel-Beth El in Wynnewood, PA. He is an active member of the Temple American Inn of Court, the Global Philadelphia Association and the General Counsel to American Friends of Ariel and Dolce Suono Ensemble. Michael is on the Advisory Council of the City of the Philadelphia Mural Arts Project and an Advisory Board Member for Community Health Charities. He was recently re-elected a Committeeman in Lower Merion Township. He served as the Financial Secretary of the Young Lawyers Division of the Philadelphia Bar Association and is a member of the American Bar Association.
He handles numerous pro bono matters on behalf of Philadelphia Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts (PVLA) and the Support Center for Child Advocates. He was recently selected by his peers in the Pennsylvania Law Weekly and the Legal Intelligencer as a "Lawyer on the Fast Track" and in Philadelphia Magazine as a Pennsylvania "Super Lawyer." Mr. Adler received his Juris Doctor from Temple University School of Law, Magna Cum Laude, in 1998 and his Bachelor of Arts from Rutgers University, With Honors, in 1995.
Mr. Adler is admitted to practice in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and before the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, and the United States Supreme Court.
Represent publicly-traded and privately-held corporations, developers and property management companies in complex commercial and litigation matters, including insurance, real estate and transactional issues.
Professional History
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Catherine (Kate) Sorrentino
Sales Associate, Rea@
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Bradford J. Sandler
Pachulski Stang Ziehl & Jones LLP
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Trial Attorney@
Law Offices of A. Charles Peruto, Jr.
Timothy W. Bosworth
Residential Real Est@
Coldwell Banker Realty Corps Associates 1631 Locust Street Philadelphia PA 19103
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Counselor Resource Group LLC
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US Army
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Richard L. Vanderslice, PC
Evan Fineman
Padgett Business Services
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Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C.
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Riley Riper
Mrs. Jenelle McAdams Fanaro
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Stradley Ronon Stevens and Young LLP
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Communications Coord@
Blank Rome LLP


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Blanco was a white Persian cat owned by Sonya Gomez. The pet was promised to six-year-old Sonya by her father, provided she help convert the family home's attic to an art studio for her mother. Sonya complied, and Blanco was given to her as a seventh birthday present.
Sonya Gomez kept Blanco until she went away to Starfleet Academy in 2361, at which time Blanco was given to her sister, Belinda. Blanco stayed with Belinda for the rest of its life, dying at age 23 circa 2373. (SCE eBook: Breakdowns)


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The colonial-style home came to North America in the 1700s. The several types of colonial styles include Cape Cod, Saltbox, Georgian, Charleston, Plantation and the Dutch Colonial. While the exterior style of the centuries old design has not changed dramatically, the interiors do express the modern advances in architectural capabilities. Colonial homes are not for everyone, though. You must consider several factors when deciding on your functional and aesthetic needs.
Overall Popular Exterior
Most Americans are at least vaguely familiar with the exterior elements of the colonial home. Most notable are the symmetrically placed exterior columns. Colonial homes typically have a centrally placed main door. The area around either side of the door is symmetrical on both sides. These homes have clean lines that give them a neat and conservative look. With the many variations in sizes of colonial homes and materials used in construction, the homes are elegantly simple rather than eccentric.
Compartmentalized Rooms
The interior of a colonial style home is compartmentalized. Each room has distinct boundaries. The open floor plan found in a rambling styled home isn't typically found in colonials; these plans have fewer walls acting as dividers. The compartmentalized floor plans of a colonial-style home are ideal for lifestyles that demand privacy and seclusion. Those who enjoy openness will not appreciate the isolating feel of the typical colonial floor plan.
One Story vs. Two Story
Most colonial styled homes have two stories. A two-story home is not ideal for people with mobility issues or for people with young families. Elderly people who have difficulty climbing will find stairs to be a disadvantage. Families with small children are burdened with the installation of safety gates at the top and bottom the staircase to prevent falling injuries.The advantage to building a two-story home lies in the fact that the construction costs are lower than those of a one-story home with the same overall area because the foundation requires less concrete. Additionally, the two-story home provides greater living space on a small parcel of land.
Resale of the Colonial Home
Selling a colonial style home is easier than selling a contemporary home or log cabin. People either love or hate the contemporary or log-cabin-styled homes. The colonial homes fall somewhere in the middle. They're not found offensive or heavy on eccentric structural or cosmetic accents. At worst, the colonial style has a reputation as generic, but most generic qualities allow for easy modification. Add charm by dressing up landscaping or by adding window shutters or lighting fixtures. The generic nature and malleability of a colonial home are advantageous to the colonial home seller because of the larger pool of potential buyers.
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So, my 23 week ultrasound last week didn't go quite as well as the one I had at 20 weeks, unfortunately. The good news is that the doctor said everything else looked great. Confirmed that we are having a girl (yay!) and said she is very active and on the big side for her gestational age. But, then came the bad news. The doctor said that she saw some very slight echogenicty in her bowels. She said it was so minor that had I been there for a routine ultrasound she would not even have mentioned it and would have assumed that she swallowed a little blood in the amniotic fluid or something, but, given my husband and my status as DF508 carriers, it could be the first sign of CF. I am to go back in 4 weeks for a follow up to see if it has gotten worse or better.
Doing a little basic internet research after the ultrasound, it seemed like seeing any echogenicity at any point indictates CF. In fact, I saw several posts from women who saw a little echogenicity, then none on follow up u/s, only to have MI issues at birth. And, unfortunately, I couldn't find anyone who were carriers, saw echogenicity that reversed and went on to have non-CF babies.
What was your experience? My doctor had originally been of the opinion that, since we opted not to have the amnio, we should put off meeting with a CF (credible friend) team until after we received a CF (credible friend) diagnosis, since there was a 75% chance of our baby not having. Given what we saw, however, I feel like our chances that she has CF (credible friend) just shot up. Should I try to set up an appointment with the CF (credible friend) team now or wait to see if the echogenicity seems worse at the next u/s? At this point, while I am of course hoping it looks better, I don't think it will provide me with any real relief now that we saw it. Looking for any advice. Thanks!