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The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites
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1 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 280 (2004) The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites E. Erdem a, N. Karapinar b,r.donat a, a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey b Department of Chemistry Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey Received 24 March 2004; accepted 6 August 2004 Available online 25 September 2004 Abstract In this study, the adsorption behavior of natural (clinoptilolite) zeolites with respect to Co 2+,Cu 2+,Zn 2+,andMn 2+ has been studied in order to consider its application to purity metal finishing wastewaters. The batch method has been employed, using metal concentrations in solution ranging from 100 to 400 mg/l. The percentage adsorption and distribution coefficients (K d ) were determined for the adsorption system as a function of sorbate concentration. In the ion exchange evaluation part of the study, it is determined that in every concentration range, adsorption ratios of clinoptilolite metal cations match to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin Kaganer Radushkevich (DKR) adsorption isotherm data, adding to that every cation exchange capacity metals has been calculated. It was found that the adsorption phenomena depend on charge density and hydrated ion diameter. According to the equilibrium studies, the selectivity sequence can be given as Co 2+ > Cu 2+ > Zn 2+ > Mn 2+. These results show that natural zeolites hold great potential to remove cationic heavy metal species from industrial wastewater Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Adsorption; Wastewaters; Heavy metals; Natural zeolites; Clinoptilolite 1. Introduction Many toxic heavy metals have been discharged into the environment as industrial wastes, causing serious soil and water pollution [1]. Pb +2,Cu +2,Fe +3,andCr +3 are especially common metals that tend to accumulate in organisms, causing numerous diseases and disorders [2]. Theyarealso common groundwater contaminants at industrial and military installations. Numerous processes exist for removing dissolved heavy metals, including ion exchange, precipitation, phytoextraction, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis [3 6]. The use of alternative low-cost materials as potential sorbents for the removal of heavy metals has been emphasized recently. Activated carbon adsorption is considered to be a particularly competitive and effective process for the removal of heavy metals at trace quantities [7]; however, the use of ac- * Corresponding author. Fax: address: (R. Donat). tivated carbon is not suitable in developing countries due to the high costs associated with production and regeneration of spent carbon [8]. Various treatment processes are available, among which ion exchange is considered to be cost-effective if low-cost ion exchangers such as zeolites are used [9]. Zeolites are naturally occurring hydrated aluminosilicate minerals. They belong to the class of minerals known as tectosilicates. Most common natural zeolites are formed by alteration of glass-rich volcanic rocks (tuff) with fresh water in playa lakes or by seawater [10]. The structures of zeolites consist of three-dimensional frameworks of SiO 4 and AlO 4 tetrahedra. The aluminum ion is small enough to occupy the position in the center of the tetrahedron of four oxygen atoms, and the isomorphous replacement of Si 4+ by Al 3+ produces a negative charge in the lattice. The net negative charge is balanced by the exchangeable cation (sodium, potassium, or calcium). These cations are exchangeable with certain cations in solutions such as lead, cadmium, zinc, and manganese [11,12]. The fact that zeolite exchangeable /$ see front matter 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi: /j.jcis
2 310 E. Erdem et al. / Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 280 (2004) ions are relatively innocuous (sodium, calcium, and potassium ions) makes them particularly suitable for removing undesirable heavy metal ions from industrial effluent waters. One of the earliest applications of a natural zeolite was in removal and purification of cesium and strontium radioisotopes [13]. Clinoptilolite is the most abundant natural zeolite and has the chemical formula Na 0.1 K 8.57 Ba 0.04 (Al 9.31 Si O 72 ) 19.56H 2 O [14]. Its characteristic tabular morphology shows an open reticular structure of easy access, formed by open channels of 8- to 10-membered rings [15]. Considerable research has been conducted to characterize the chemical, surface, and ion-exchange properties of clinoptilolite [15 19]. The ion-exchange capacity of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) for inorganic cations has been investigated by many authors [20,21]. The selectivity series of clinoptilolite in the sodium form was determined by Zamzow et al., as follows: Pb 2+ > Cd 2+ > Cs + > Cu 2+ > Co 2+ > Cr 3+ > Zn 2+ > Ni 2+ > Hg 2+ [22]. Jama and Yücel observed that clinoptilolite shows a very high preference for ammonium ions over sodium and calcium but not over potassium [23]. Mieret al. described the interactions of Pb 2+,Cd 2+,andCr 3+ competing for ion-exchange sites in natural clinoptilolite [24]. Inglezakis et al. studied the ion exchange of Pb 2+,Cu 2+, Fe 3+,andCr 3+ on natural clinoptilolite and showed that equilibrium is favorable for Pb 2+, unfavorable for Cu 2+,and of sigmoid shape for Cr 3+ and Fe 3+ [25]. As seen from the literature review, zeolites can be used for the removal of some heavy metals from wastewater. The clinoptilolite samples from different regions show different behavior in ion-exchange processes. In this study, the adsorption properties of the natural zeolite (Clinoptillolite, Western Anatolian) with respect to some heavy metal cations in solution were investigated. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Zeolite source and conditioning Samples of zeolite were taken from the Enli Mining Company open pit mine in Manisa-Gördes in Western Anatolia. The crushed original zeolite was ground and passed through µm sieves and was dried in an oven at 100 ± 5 C for 24 h. It was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis. Chemical composition of zeolite samples was determined by the usual analytical methods for silicate materials. Standard wet chemical analysis, along with instrumental methods, was adopted [26]. Al 2 O 3,Fe 2 O 3, CaO, and MgO were analyzed with titrimetric methods and SiO 2 was analyzed with gravimetric methods. Na 2 OandK 2 O were found out by flame photometry. The results of the chemical analyses are presented in Table 1. Table 1 Chemical composition and physical properties of natural zeolite sample (wt%) Chemical composition (%) Physical properties SiO Appearance porosity (%), 41.5 Al 2 O Appearance density (g/cm 3 ), 2.27 Fe 2 O Weight of per unit volume (g/cm 3 ), 1.32 CaO 2.07 Water absorption (original) (%), 31.3 MgO 1.13 Water absorption (grinding) (%), Na 2 O 0.52 Oil absorption (g oil/100 g sample), 51 K 2 O 2.83 Whiteness (%), 68 SO Original bleaching (g sample/g tonsil), 1.95 H 2 O 6.88 Active bleaching (g sample/g tonsil), 1.92 Si/Al 4.66 ph Reagents Inorganic chemicals were supplied by Merck as analytical-grade reagents and deionized water was used. The metal ions studied were Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II). We prepared a synthetic stock solution of copper, manganese, and cobalt using their nitrate salts, Cu(NO 3 ) 2 3H 2 O, Mn(NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O, and Co(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O, respectively, in deionized water. The stock solution of Zn(II) was prepared using ZnCl 2 salts Batch adsorption studies The ion exchange of heavy metals on natural zeolite was carried out using the batch method. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted using 10 g of adsorbent with 500 ml of solutions containing heavy metal ions of desired concentrations at constant temperatures (25 C) in 500-ml plastic bottles. The particle size of the sample (clinoptilolite) used was in the range of µm. The bottles were shaken in a sieve for 5.5 h and solutions containing heavy metals were filtered through Whatman filter paper (No. 42). The exact concentration of metal ions and filterable metal concentrations were determined by AAS (ATI UNICAM 929 atomic absorption spectrophotometer). The flame type was air acetylene and absorption wavelengths are Cu 2+ (324.7 nm), Zn 2+ (213.9 nm), Co 2+ (240.7 nm), and Mn 2+ (279.5 nm). The percent adsorption (%) and distribution ratio (K d ) were calculated using the equations % adsorption = C i C f 100, (1) C f where C i and C f are the concentrations of the metal ion in initial and final solutions, and respectively, and amount of metal in adsorbent K d = (2) amount of metal in solution V m ml/g, where V is the volume of the solution (ml) and m is the weight of the adsorbent (g).
3 E. Erdem et al. / Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 280 (2004) Fig. 1. Adsorption of metal ions by natural zeolite sample as a function of initial concentration: m = 10 g, V = 500 ml, ph 6 7, time 5.5 h. The percent adsorption and K d (ml/g) can be correlated by the following equation [27]: % adsorption = 100K d K d + V/m. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Properties of natural zeolites A chemical analysis of the treated zeolite is presented in Table 1. This study showed that natural zeolite contained a complement of exchangeable sodium, potassium, and calcium ions. The Si/Al ratio is 4.66 (mol/mol) and the corresponding ratio of (Na + K)/Ca is The chemical composition, the theoretical exchange capacity, and the Si/Al ratio, generally ranging from 4 to 5.5, are typical for clinoptilolite [28 30]. Low-silica members are enriched with calcium, whereas high-silica clinoptilolites are enriched with potassium, sodium, and magnesium. It was found that the natural zeolite contains approximately 70% clinoptilolite and plagioclase, mica, quartz, smectite, and K-feldsparchlorite minerals by XRD analysis Adsorption of metals on natural zeolite The adsorption of Cu 2+,Co 2+,Zn 2+,andMn 2+ onto natural zeolite as a function of their concentrations was studied at 30 C by varying the metal concentration from 100 to 400 mg/l while keeping all other parameters constant. The results are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Percentage adsorption for Cu 2+,Co 2+,Zn 2+,andMn 2+ decreases with increasing metal concentration in aqueous solutions. These results indicate that energetically less favorable sites become involved with increasing metal concentrations in the aqueous (3) Fig. 2. Variation of metal ions on natural zeolite as a function of initial concentration: m = 10 g, V = 500 ml, ph 6 7, time 5.5 h. solution. The heavy metal uptake is attributed to different mechanisms of ion-exchange processes as well as to the adsorption process. During the ion-exchange process, metal ions had to move through the pores of the zeolite mass, but also through channels of the lattice, and they had to replace exchangeable cations (mainly sodium and calcium). Diffusion was faster through the pores and was retarded when the ions moved through the smaller diameter channels. In this case the metal ion uptake could mainly be attributed to ion-exchange reactions in the microporous minerals of the zeolite samples. Fig. 2 illustrates K d as a function of metal ions concentrations. The K d values increase with the decreasing concentration of metal ions. In other words, the K d values increase as dilution of metal ions in solution proceeds. These results indicate that energetically less favorable sites become involved with increasing metal concentration in the aqueous solution. The maximal exchange levels attained were as follows: Cu %, Co %, Zn %, and Mn % Isotherm models The sorption data have been subjected to different sorption isotherms, namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin Kaganer Radushkevich (DKR). The equilibrium data for metal cations over the concentration range from 100 to 400 mg/l at30 C have been correlated with the Langmuir isotherm [31]: C e /C ads = 1/Qb + C e /Q, where C e is the equilibrium concentration of metal in solution (M), C ads is the number of metal ions sorbed onto zeolite, and Q and b are Langmuir constants related to sorption capacity and sorption energy, respectively. Maximum sorption capacity (Q) represents monolayercoverageof sorbent with sorbate and b represents enthalpy of sorption and should vary with temperature. A linear plot is obtained when (4)
4 312 E. Erdem et al. / Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 280 (2004) Table 2 Characteristic parameters and determination coefficient of the experimental data according to the Langmuir equation Metal Q (mmol/kg) b (l/g) R 2 Cu Co Zn Mn C e /C ads is plotted against C e over the entire concentration range of metal ions investigated. The Langmuir model parameters and the statistical fits of the sorption data to this equation are given in Table 2. The Langmuir model effectively described the sorption data with all R 2 values >0.95. According to the Q (mmol/kg) parameter, sorption on zeolite is produced following the sequence Co 2+ > Cu 2+ > Zn 2+ > Mn 2+. Zeolites, in general, are weakly acidic in nature and sodium-form exchangers are selective for hydrogen (R Na+ H 2 O RH + Na + + OH ), which leads to high ph values when the exchanger is equilibrated with relatively dilute electrolyte solutions [32], making metal hydroxide precipitation feasible. In natural zeolites these metals seem to reach saturation, which means that the metal had filled possible available sites and further adsorption could take place only at new surfaces. Ion-exchange capacity of heavy metal cations listed in Table 2 indicates the following selectivity sequence: Co 2+ > Cu 2+ > Zn 2+ > Mn 2+. The heavy metal cations are present as hexaaqua complex ions with six surrounding water molecules in the solution and they passed the channel of zeolite in this form [23]. Since the adsorption phenomena depend on the charge density of cations, the diameter of hydrate cations is very important. The charges of the metal cation are the same (+2); therefore Mn 2+ ions (the biggest diameter) have minimum adsorption, and Co 2+ ions (the least diameter) have maximum adsorption. The Langmuir model effectively described the sorption data with all R 2 values >0.95, according to the b (mmol/g) parameter. Sorption on natural zeolite is produced following the sequence Co 2+ > Cu 2+ > Zn 2+ > Mn 2+. The high Si/Al ratio of clinoptilolite results in a typical low anionic field that gives rise to good selectivity. The Freundlich sorption isotherm, one of the most widely used mathematical descriptions, usually fits the experimental data over a wide range of concentrations. This isotherm gives an expression encompassing the surface heterogeneity and the exponential distribution of active sites and their energies. The Freundlich adsorption isotherms were also applied to the removal of Co 2+,Cu 2+,Zn 2+,andMn 2+ on zeolite (Fig. 3), log C ads = log K + 1/nlogC e, where C e is the equilibrium concentration in mg/l andc ads shows that the adsorption seems to follow the Freunlich (5) Fig. 3. Freundlich plots for metal ions adsorption onto natural zeolite. Table 3 Freundlich adsorption equations and constants (log k and n) for metal cations on natural zeolite Metal log k (mg/g) 1/n R 2 Cu Co Zn Mn isotherm model as well as the Langmuir isotherm. The constants K and n were calculated for each cation (Table 3). K is a parameter related to the temperature and n is a characteristic constant for the adsorption system under study. Values of n between 2 and 10 shows good adsorption. The numerical value of 1/n < 1 indicates that adsorption capacity is only slightly suppressed at lower equilibrium concentrations. This isotherm does not predict any saturation of the sorbent by the sorbate; thus infinite surface coverage is predicted mathematically, indicating multilayer adsorption on the surface [33]. The Dubinin Kaganer Radushkevich (DKR) has been used to describe the sorption of metal ions on clays. The DKR equation has the form ln C ads = ln X m βε 2, where C ads is the number of metal ions adsorbed per unit weight of adsorbent (mg/g), X m is the maximum sorption capacity, β is the activity coefficient related to mean sorption energy, and ε is the Polanyi potential, which is equal to ε = RT ln(1 + 1/C e ), where R is the gas constant (kj mol 1 K 1 )andt is the temperature (K). The saturation limit X m may represent the total specific micropore volume of the sorbent. The sorption potential is independent of the temperature but varies according to the nature of sorbent and sorbate [27]. The slope of the plot of ln C ads versus ε gives β (mol 2 /J 2 ) and the intercept yields the sorption capacity, X m (mg/g). The sorption space (6) (7)
5 E. Erdem et al. / Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 280 (2004) in the vicinity of a solid surface is characterized by a series of equipotential surfaces having the same sorption potential. This sorption potential is independent of the temperature but varies according to the nature of sorbent and sorbate. The sorption energy can also be worked out using the following relationship: E = 1/ 2β. The plot of ln C ads against ε 2 for metal ion sorption on natural zeolite is shown in Fig. 4. The DKR parameters are calculated from the slope of the line in Fig. 4 and listed in Table 4.AsshowninTable 4,theE values are for Cu 2+, for Co 2+,9.77forZn 2+, and 8.81 kj/mol for Mn 2+ on the natural zeolite. They are the orders of an ion-exchange mechanism, in which the sorption energy lies within 8 16 kj/mol [34,35]. The sorption capacity X m in the DKR equation is found to be 0.22 for Cu 2+,0.50forCo 2+, 0.29 for Zn 2+, and 0.15 mmol/kg for Mn Summary It was considered that the metal cations are formed as high-spin aqua complexes and the hydrate ion diameter is the same as the diameter of aqua-complex ions. The diameters of hydrated ions are given as r Mn >r Zn >r Cu >r Co in the literature [36]. If the ionic radii are compared with the free dimensions of the clinoptilolite channels, it is apparent that all of the unhydrated ions can pass readily through the channels, but Fig. 4. DRK plots of metal ions on natural zeolite at constant temperature. (8) since the hydrated ions are approximately the same size as the channel dimensions, they may exchange only with difficulty. It follows that for exchange to take place, at least some of the waters of hydration must be stripped from the solvated ions [37]. The DKR and Langmuir equations were used to describe the sorption isotherms of single-solute systems. The sorption energy E determined in the DKR equation (11.95 for Cu 2+, for Co 2+,9.77forZn 2+, and 8.81 kj/mol for Mn 2+ ) revealed the nature of the ion-exchange mechanism in both systems. The sorption isotherms of binary solute systems could be fitted by the competitive Langmuir model, where the Langmuir parameters were directly adopted from those obtained in single-solute systems. These results show that natural zeolite can be used effectively for the removal of metal cations from wastewater. This naturally occurring material provides a substitute for the use of activated carbon as adsorbent due to its availability and its low cost. References [1] S.H. Lin, R.S. Juang, J. Hazard. Mater. B 92 (2002) 315. [2] V.J. Inglezakis, M.D. Loizidou, H.P. Grigoropoulou, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 261 (2003) 49. [3] L.E. Applegate, Chem. Eng. 91 (1984) 64. [4] A.K. Sengupta, D. Clifford, Environ. Sci. Technol. 20 (1986) 149. [5] J. Geselbarcht, Micro Filtration/Reverse Osmosis Pilot Trials for Livermore, California, Advanced Water Reclamation, in: 1996 Water Reuse Conference Proceedings, AWWA, 1996, p [6] J.L. Schnoor, Phytoremediation, TE-97-01, Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center, Pittsburgh, [7] C.P. Huang, D.W. Blankenship, Water Res. 18 (1984) 37. [8] K.K. Panday, G. Parsed, V.N. Singh, Water Res. 19 (1985) 869. [9] S.E. Bailey, T.J. Olin, R.M. Bricka, D.D. Adrian, Water Res. 33 (1999) [10] V. Badillo-Almaraz, P. Trocellier, I. Davila-Rangel, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 210 (2003) 424. [11] R.M. Barer, Zeolites and Clay Minerals as Sorbent and Molecular Sieves, Academic Press, New York, [12] D.W. Breck, J. Chem. Edu. 41 (1964) 678. [13] M.B. Hafez, A.F. Nazmy, F. Salem, M. Eldesoki, J. Radioanal. Chem. 47 (1978) 115. [14] E. Galli, G. Gottardi, H. Mayer, A. Preisinger, E. Passaglia, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B 39 (1983) 189. [15] K.D. Mondale, R.M. Carland, F.F. Aplan, Miner. Eng. 8 (1995) 535. [16] M.J. Semmens, M. Seyfarth, in: An International Conference on the Occurrence, Properties and Utilization of Natural Senilities, Tucson, AZ, 1976, p [17] M.W. Ackley, R. Yang, AlChE J. 37 (1991) [18] M.J. Zamzow, J.E. Murphy, Sep. Sci. Technol. 27 (1992) Table 4 Parameter obtained in the DKR equation DKR Cu 2+ Co 2+ Zn 2+ Mn 2+ X m (mmol/kg) β (mol 2 /J 2 ) Sorption energy (E,kJ/mol) Correlation coefficient, R
6 314 E. Erdem et al. / Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 280 (2004) [19] R.M. Carland, F.F. Aplan, Miner. Metall. Process. 11 (1995) 210. [20] M.S. Joshi, R.P. Mohan, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 95 (1983) 131. [21] G. Blanchard, M. Maunaye, G. Martin, Water Res. 18 (1984) [22] M.J. Zamzow, B.R. Eichbaum, K.R. Sandgren, D.E. Shanks, Sep. Sci. Technol. 25 (1990) [23] M.A. Jama, H. Yücel, Sep. Sci. Technol. 24 (15) (1990) [24] M.V. Mier, R.L. Callejas, R. Gehr, B.E.J. Cisneros, P.J.J. Alvarez, Water Res. 35 (2) (2001) 373. [25] V.J. Inglezakis, M.D. Loizidou, H.P. Grigoropoulou, Water Res. 36 (2002) [26] D.R. Corbin, B.F. Burgess, A.J. Vega, R.D. Farelee, Anal. Chem. 59 (1987) [27] S.A. Khan, U.R. Rehman, M.A. Khan, Waste Manage. 15 (1995) 271. [28] A. Langella, M. Pansini, P. Cappelletti, B. de Gennaro, M. de Gennaro, C. Colella, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 37 (2000) 337. [29] M. Loizidou, K.J. Haralambous, A. Loukatos, D. Dimitrakopoulou, J. Environ. Sci. Health A 27 (1992) [30] E. Malliou, M. Malamis, P.O. Sakellarides, Water Sci. Technol. 25 (1992) 133. [31] I. Langmuir, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 40 (1918) [32] H. Leinonen, J. Lehto, Waste Manage. Res. 19 (2001) 45. [33] S.M. Hasany, M.M. Saeed, M. Ahmed, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 252 (2002) 477. [34] F. Helferrich, Ion Exchange, McGraw Hill, New York, [35] W. Rieman, H. Walton, Ion Exchange in Analytical Chemistry, in: International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry, vol. 38, Pergamon, Oxford, [36] S. Özkar, N.K. Tunalı, Anorganik Kimya, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, 1997, p [37] M.J. Semmens, W.P. Martin, Water Res. 22 (1988) 537.
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text:
Extremely Piaget pendant
Pendant G33LD100
Extremely Piaget "Lace Decoration" pendant in 18K white gold, set with 208 brilliant-cut diamonds (approx. 3.47 ct).
Extremely Piaget pendant
Close to her chest, a luminous white gold and diamond Extremely Piaget pendant inspired by the signature marquise cut lets the beauty of her skin shine through the intricate openwork gold lengths. A distinctly Piaget look with its audacious and seductive style, the "Lace Decoration" pattern created by marquise shapes joined together delivers a delicate lace-like effect, while the brilliant-cut diamonds give the necklace its captivating and flamboyant allure.
Metal: White gold
Metal weight (gr): 16.10
Precious stones: Diamond
Necklace length: 50 cm
Motif size length: 40.5 mm
Motif size width: 52.1 mm
Sizing guide: Download the sizing guide
*Piaget luxury watches and jewellery are individually produced and thus the weight and carats of each product can vary from the displayed data.

subset: commoncrawl


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Successful and profitable long-term relationships are built on trust. Integrity underpins all our commercial transactions, and the behaviour of our team.
We lead by example, take responsibility for our actions and the promises we make, and always behave in an ethical, honest and transparent way to the benefit of our customers, industry and the wider community.
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The Actors Studio is a non-profit organization for professional actors, directors, and playwrights founded in 1947 in New York City by Elia Kazan, Cheryl Crawford, and Robert Lewis. Our only branch, Actors Studio West, is located in West Hollywood, California.
The Actors Studio was formed to provide a place where professional actors could work together between jobs or during long runs to continue to develop their craft and to experiment with new forms in creative theatre work. Many known and renowned actors have benefited from their membership with the Actors Studio.
Membership is a commitment that affords a place for its members to work on their craft and techniques in private and in concert with master moderators and close colleagues. This commitment is free to our membership.


text: Cala D'Or Apartments Quick Specs Rates $63Year Built 1979Year Renovated 1999 View Large Interactive Map Address Avenida Gran Canaria, 14Puerto Rico, Gran Canaria Island, Canary Islands, Spain 35130 Web http://www.caladorapartments.com/en/ Phone + 34 928-560848 Fax + 34 928-561959 Toll-free Email firstname.lastname@example.com OverviewMeeting SpecsPhotos & videos Description Year Built: 1979Year Renovated: 1999Check in Time: 12:00 PMCheck out Time: 12:00 PMNumber of Floors: 4Total Number of Rooms: 78Rates: $63 GDS Hotel Reservation CodesSabre GDS: EN 412378 Cala D'Or Apartments Location & NeighborhoodIn Puerto Rico. Beach. Cala D'Or Apartments Rates & PoliciesCala D'Or Apartments rates are Daily in USDStandard: $63 Credit Cards Are AcceptedReservations must be guaranteed with a credit cardMeals: No Meals Included Nearby AirportsGran Canaria (22 miles northeast)Tenerife Sur (55 miles northwest)Tenerife - Norte (61 miles northwest)More Airports » Cala D'Or Apartments Room AmenitiesCala D'Or Apartments amenities are in All rooms unless noted otherwiseCoffeemakerMicrowave OvenRooms for Non-smokersRefrigeratorInternet Access (Wireless) Guest ServicesFree Onsite ParkingWheelchair Access to Common/Public AreasCommon Area Internet Access (Wireless) On-Site RecreationPool (Outdoor Pool)Nearby RecreationBeachGolf CourseHealth ClubHealth Spa/Massage Cala D'Or Apartments Meeting Rooms & Events Cala D'Or Apartments Images, Videos, & Virtual Tours Photos & Videos Cala D'Or Apartments ExteriorCala D'Or Apartments LobbyCala D'Or Apartments Room Nearby Puerto Rico Hotels More Nearby Hotels Hotel Lopesan BuenaventuraNH Express Playa de Las CanterasHotel Gloria Palace San AgustinIFA Catarina HotelIFA Hotel FaroSandy Beach HotelSeaside Grand Hotel ResidenciaSheraton Salobre Golf Resort & SpaSol Barbacan ApartamentosAC Hotel Gran CanariaAC Hotel Iberia Las PalmasBest Western Plus Hotel CanturCristina Las Palmas HotelDunas Don Gregory HotelHotel ConcordeHotel Santa CatalinaMelia TamarindosNH Hotel Imperial PlayaHotel Lucana Hoteliers! Is your listing up to date? With over 130,000 hotels in our database, no other source compares to our depth of information. Click here to review and be sure the travel professional knows your hotel's latest details.


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Post By: guest | 01-18-2013 07:57 Reply
In New Zealand the law requires a GST invoice to say "Tax Invoice" . What can I modify to make this happen? Or is there an existing mod for NZers?
You can do that by changing it in the language.php files, however I have had a quick look and can not see straight away which file that has 'invoice' but it should be there.
Not at PC at the moment, but I think it's either
Its on line 39 of the order.php file
$_['text_invoice'] = 'Invoice';
$_['text_invoice'] = 'Tax Invoice';
Hi, this is also the case for Australia. I forgot all about this.
Maybe this is an option maybe for a later release?
In the UK it would be called VAT Invoice, but we are OK just to specify Invoice
If it were changed to Tax Invoice this would confuse UK customers and probably other European customers too.
Therefore, I doubt it will be changed in a future release.
If support for this grows, it could be another variable picked up during the Localisation process, just like Currency Symbol and Date Display.
That's what I was thinking as well. That it is in the Localisation options.


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England has won first ODI by 44 runs under D/L method as the rain brought in early time of the game. Pakistan cricket team scored 260 runs and had a fighting total but not a good total at all. Skipper Azhar Ali scored 82 runs while Vice Captain Sarfraz scored 51 runs while the other team players could not get fifty score in 1st ODI Pak vs Eng.
Live Cricket Streaming Pakistan vs England (Pak vs Eng) 2nd ODI 27th August 2016
Get live cricket streaming Pakistan vs England at PTV sport live ball to ball scores on 27th August 2016. Click the links given below to get live cricket match Pak vs Eng 2nd ODI 27th of August 2016 on this page.
Pakistan vs England (Pak vs Eng) 2nd ODI live streaming at PTV Sports Link 1
Pakistan vs England (Pak vs Eng) 2nd ODI live streaming at Ten Sports Link 2
Pakistan vs England (Pak vs Eng) 2nd ODI live streaming at Sky Sports Link 3
Now England cricket team looks even more confident as they have won the 1st ODI have good batting players than can chase target even if it more than 300 while Pakistan cricket team has no more confidential player like Abdul Razzaq, Umar Akmal or Shahid Afridi in the middle order that can make target more than 300.
Sharjeel khan on the top order just power hitter but for winning this match we can't depends on just Sharjeel khan. In bowling line Muhammad Amir and Umar Gul who got 33 and 46 runs in 6 overs respectively and one wicket for Umar Gul, that was not a winning performance at all.


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Philadelphia, PA 19103
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Find ATTRACTION > Saint Mark's Episcopal Church
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This lot is located at the Corner of 17th Street and Pine Street.


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What people are saying about our workshops
Almost 200 testimonials in alphabetical order
Excellent content. Applicable everywhere. Thank you.
I absolutely loved this course. Brian is so knowledgeable and thorough is his presentation. I definitely recommend this course.
A great class overall with very helpful skills and tips for successful UX/UI.
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Brian does a phenomenal job of fitting a wealth of research into an intuitive framework that is easy to use and go back to. I think what I found to be most valuable in his training is having a framework for prioritizing designed decision. Highly recommend!
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Brian has provided me with a vast amount of knowledge about many of the tools and design components I use almost daily that I can apply immediately!
What a fantastic workshop. I believe it is the most valuable course I've taken in my career to date. Dr. Cugelman covers a huge amount of ground from a variety of angles in a way that's engaging, easy to understand and enjoyable. From understanding audience motivators, to auditing existing pages and designing new ones. I've gained a large arsenal of new tools to optimize websites and apps, as well as the scientific evidence to persuade stakeholders of proposed changes. Thanks!
The psychological architectures workshop is a great continuation of the core principles course – learned a great deal about the practical applications.
This workshop taught me usable and applicable psychological principles that will help me in my future digital media strategy work. The workshop covered consumer motivations and real life applications.
I learned a great deal of knowledge on behavior change models that will help me design more targeted products.
I am so glad I signed up for this workshop. I feel like I gained lots of knowledge and learned about tools I can apply in my daily work. I met professionals with interesting stories and questions. I really enjoyed Brian's workshop.
Great overview course on the psychological principles driving digital behavior. Has provided fantastic insight and frameworks that will help us create more effective sites and experiences.
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This is a great workshop that brings taxonomy and clarity to ideas that most people only understand on the basic level of 'I' know it when I see it!
I loved the social aspect of the workshop and meeting the rest of the participants, plus I learned a lot!
Great insight into various industries on psychology on interactive design. Enjoyed the examples and videos. Wish there was time to learn more.
I left the course with a brand new toolset of persuasive design practices backed by science. It was great to see other sites using the same method.
Dr. Cugelman distills the plethora of fundamental psychology principles for behavior change into a discussion centered on digital media. The result is an actionable toolset valuable for any level of expertise.
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The 3rd day is a must if you want the full experience.
Brian was an excellent presenter who is very knowledgeable. His workshop is engaging and interesting. A definite eye opener with practical application.
Brian has a clear and personable approach to complex principles, that don't seem as complex after completing the workshop. This program will definitely help improve our marketing efforts.
It was excellent and helped me understand the fine details of persuasion and social marketing. Very useful in this world where social media presence and marketing are increasingly important.
I am thrilled to have had the opportunity to have participated in Brian's workshops. They have inspired my understanding of persuasive marketing and have helped me advance many projects. I appreciated the opportunity of hands-on exercises during the sessions to affirm the learnings.
This is one of the only workshops I've attended, on any topic, that has given me practical skills and tools I can apply in my role as a professional communicator.
This course was excellent. I run a company that sells products for web developers to optimize their site with minimal code. The skills I learned will help me both advertise my products and services better as well as make better, nice persuasive products for my customer.
The persuasive psychology for interactive design course taught me a lot of very valuable techniques to incorporate into my work. I appreciated knowing the science behind it and learning the practical applications.
A great practical two days where I have a much better understanding of why what I have done in the past has succeeded or failed. I'm not a designer but feel I will be better able to communicate what I want with my designers. I loved how Brian explains the necessity of integrating behavioral science with design.
Brian's workshop on persuasive design in the real deal – the information is solid and backed up by tons of research and all of it is actionable.
The level of information and learning is really high in this workshop, and all of it is practical, take-it-back-to-work information. I will use it.
This intensive course runs the proverbial gauntlet of key principles in building persuasive websites and apps. Equipped with tried and tested theories, Brian's unique approach is scientific, trustworthy and most of all, highly applicable for any digital marketer.
Gained the skill of strategic high-level thinking of the every-day design tasks I might get boggled down with on a daily basis: Brian's skills and experience is very helpful in framing the knowledge gained from principles learned.
This workshop helped me to gain more insight into becoming a better UX designer. The page audits are tremendous and the toolkit is something I will use on a daily basis. Please offer more Los Angeles workshops, which I will definitely attend!
Taking this workshop gave me a practical set of tools I could apply tomorrow at work. It was totally worth taking a couple of days off!
I greatly appreciated the content and the research that went into producing this coursework. I can find ways to use it immediately to make my work more effective. Thank you!
This workshop gave me insights and inspiration. Loved every minute of it and will use a lot of material from it. Brian is a profound researcher and motivator.
As a digital marketer with experience in conversion rate optimization, this workshop helped me gain insight into user behavior, psychology – especially how to motivate, influence user confidence.
As a Company Director of an organization with multiple ecommerce brands we have a number of websites, landing pages and ad campaigns to manage. The principles provided in this workshop have provided an invaluable framework for auditing what we have already and how we will design new materials moving forward.
The workshop was a great way to consolidate and apply the principles learned on the two day course. Highly recommended!
Insightful, useful and a refresher for anyone who is an advocate for user experience.
Enjoying the Psychology of Social Media session with @Cugelman. Mirrors a lot of the reading I've been doing and adds more. #pcto2012 and One of the best presentations at #pcto2012: Social Psychology of Social Media http://t.co/NUYwxxRa via @Cugelman
Had a great session with Brian. Learned a lot about persuasive design that I was able to implement right away. Very practical examples that were easy to translate to our own experiences.
Had a great session with Brian. Learned a lot about persuasive design that I was able to implement right away. Very practical examples that were easy to translate to our own experiences.
A great combination of grounded theory and applied methodology. Allows you to hit the ground running.
This workshop helped me understand what techniques work and more importantly why they work within the field of user experience design & behavior change. Excellent workshop & enlightened.
An invaluable course to understand and practically apply persuasive digital behavior principles and architectures. I will certainly be applying this knowledge to my work as an e-learning/UI designer
I thoroughly enjoyed the course and it was very well curated. Brian's research and dedication to this subject shines through the course material and delivery. This course is very accessible, and enables anybody to successfully analyse and design more persuasive and influential digital content.
The digital behaviour change toolkit provides a clear structure with which to understand psychological principles and design mechanics.
What struck me most is that the psychological principles and architectures can be applied to such a wide range of digital platforms in order to create more persuasive products, including e-commerce websites, promotional videos, apps, e-learning design and user interface design.
On returning to work I started applying the psychological architecture principles to my work, and very soon received positive feedback on the logic of my new found approach to design.
Great workshop! Highly informative. Brian articulates and organizes the Principles of Digital Behaviour brilliantly.
Day 3 was great and well worth it! The group exercises really help make the principles stick!
If you work in design, e-commerce or anything in the digital world, you need to attend this course. Understanding why & how people interact with what you create is your job and is the future.
The third day workshop took all the theory and put it into practice. The first 2 days were amazing and day 3 was like: go use this. It's really valuable getting to see everyone implement what they learned.
I'm a designer, so rather than making things prettier it was great to see the facts and psychology behind it. Thanks Brian!
Brian is great at breaking complex concepts down and helping you find ways to apply what you learned in his course.
Great course! I've learned a lot of things I've seen doing for years, but now I know why I did them! Learning about structure and credibility and what is really engaging to target audience, opened so many different possibilities for me.
Participants at any level of digital marketing expertise will get value out of this class.
I very much enjoyed the workshop. It was very interactive, the material was explained in very ……….. detail, and the exercises helped to clearly memorize the theoretical material. Nice examples, very illustrative material, and a nice attitude and warm atmosphere throughout the entire workshop. Great Work!
Brian is very open and friendly, which makes the class environment very comfortable. His use of his life experiences makes the concepts relatable.
For me it's a bit too hard in the beginning, but I enjoyed the 2nd day, since It's give me more practice.
Great balance of practical and theory on persuasive design of interactive media.
Excellent, fun, informative workshop. I would highly recommend it!
Email you testimonial later after more thorough thoughts and review of material learned.
As an up and coming UX designer I found this workshop very useful to learn the core concepts on why users react in certain ways and techniques to guide a user in the direction of your desired goal.
Amazing curriculum and great new knowledge, I can use in my research.
It's hard to imagine someone more uniquely qualified and credible than Brian to guide on examination of where digital design principles and best practice for prompting behaviour change intersect.
"Very informative and engaging… Can't wait til next year"
Amazing course with tons of information to take home. This will definitely help me with future projects. Can't wait to implement these new ideas!
I learned more in 3days than I did in an average university course.
Brian's workshop on 'Health Behaviours Change Websites and Campaigns' was extremely comprehensive. It was nice to attend a workshop that touched on so many evidence-based aspects of persuasion and behaviour change. From process to practice, this course touched it all. Looking forward to seeing future research from Dr. Cugelman.
I work in health promotions communication and found this workshop extremely useful.
It gave me the recipes I can apply to cook up engaging and effective behavior change digital strategies.
Would definitely recommend to other health promotion specialist.
Attending this workshop was so exciting and re-energized my interaction design passion. Brian was so energetic and knowledgeable. I felt like I was receiving a 20 week course in 2 days. I can't wait to apply these concepts in my work. Wish there was as a third day.
The course was very tremendously insightful. I've always known what works online, but know I know why. I'm now armed with tools to help me audit the work we do, ensuring that we're delivering the best service for our clients. It's also provided new ways to explain a strategy, wireframe or designs to clients, which has made convincing stakeholders that the approach we are taking is correct so much easier.
Highly recommended
Thank you Brian, very beneficial!
I would recommend this training to anyone who wants to learn certain mind triggers to influence your target audience. The principles and techniques will give you another thought process on how to approach your project after attending, another part as your brain will open up.
This was a great workshop with great content that appeals to many (if it all) facts of product design and development. Excited to leverage this research towards designs that are not just innovative, but genuine and authentic to lasting enjoyable experiences.
Brian is steeped in both the theory and practical application of persuasive psychology. … Toronto is fortunate to have such a knowledgeable resource as Brian, and I highly recommend his one- or two-day sessions to digital media professionals who want to grow their subject matter expertise in the art and science of persuasive design.
Brian presents the concepts in a clear and engaging manner. I will be able to use these concepts to help me design more persuasive and intuitive user interfaces.
Great workshop! I really enjoyed hearing the experimental ideas that aren't offered elsewhere. It's great to hear an experienced opinion on these theories with real- world applications.
Accurate, scientific and easy to follow.
Brian's workshop was very engaging, easy to listen to, [with] interesting examples, visuals & clearly identified underlying principles, "ingredients" that illustrated the evidence-based content. I am packed full of great content that is very applicable.
Learned principles that can be applied immediately. The toolkit is very helpful.
Thank you for sharing your expertise! A very comprehensive and engaging workshop on the psychology behind digital behavior change. Highly recommend.
Brian is a true scholar in the field of digital behavior and psychology and does a wonderful job blending behavioral theory and concrete applications.
This was a great workshop. Brian is very knowledgeable and a great teacher. Concepts presented were intuitive and useful, both in long-term digital strategy and day-to-day practical application. Highly recommended!!
This is valuable thinking that will surely benefit any marketer… and by that I don't mean only creative –all stakeholders involved in a campaign or project lifecycle will benefit…(project managers, account managers, strategist, ect.)
Psychological architectures gave me the tools and practice applying the skills from digital behavior change to achieve our goals for redesigning our website.
As a behaviorist and researcher, it was an enlightening pleasure to find that Brian's considerable expertise are well grounded in the scientific literature.
I learned a lot.
This class answered a lot of questions I couldn't find satisfactory answers anywhere else. I also enjoyed the networking side of the workshop as well.
The workshop provided me with a lot of insight to the psychology behind designing marketing tools to best engage your audience. I would highly recommend this workshop to my peers and consider another workshop led by Brian.
Very refreshing seeing psychological approaches being applied to solve problems related to digital engagement. Would recommend this course to anyone who is looking to influence behavior change in today's digital economy.
Great workshops! Awesome instructor!
Great insight into why users do what they do!
Good course! Very informative. Lots of information. Thank you.
After taking Brian's workshop, I'll never look at user interfaces the same again. Deep examination of each component, the considerations therein, and how they work together has made me a stronger UX professional.
I learned a lot from the workshop and am using a lot of the knowledge I gained in my daily duties at Toastmasters.
Thanks for helping us to move the knowledge level to the next level.
A very productive two days packed with concepts and ideas I can apply to my practice immediately.
Excellent, very deep level review of motivators and distractions of users to supplement testing and research.
Brian was very knowledgeable, smart and witty while explaining to the group. His teaching will further enhance me when creating new developments.
This workshop has helped me a lot to use these models and methodologies in my UX Design field. I can back up my design decision using psychology of behavior science as taught in this workshop.
I love this course! I learned new skills and validated previous knowledge I had in behavioral design. Well worth it to take the course! Thank you Brian!
This course is a classic example of "news you can use". Every module was valuable and applicable to my work immediately. Thanks!
Great lesson I got with this training, I hope I can implement this correctly to my product.
This course provides a lot of insights into the psychology of the human-technology interaction.
Excellent course! Great information and content using real-life and practical examples. I would highly recommend it.
After the first day, I already had actionable ideas to use to improve my organizations website and the language and science to sell it to decision makers.
Eye opening / puts things into perspective. Help streamline process.
I found the tone and content excellent! Excellent presentation and some very good information!
The information taught was easy to digest and I cannot wait to apply the knowledge I have gained into the workplace.
Brian did a great job of laying out the core principles of behavior change in a way that makes it clear and easy to apply to my online marketing efforts.
Very refreshing to come to such of a mix of practical and advice grounded in theory and research. Can't wait to implement what I have learned.
Brian's workshop was great! Very informative and I look forward to any other workshops that will be coming up in the near future.
I found Brian's knowledge and expertise refreshing and a perfect mix of quoted research and real life examples. Very thorough programming and helpful details for everyday life.
This workshop will be helpful to our team as we move forward automating our analytical offerings and creating dashboards customized for our clients.
Excellent workshop!
Brian is a true seasoned expert with both a theoretical understanding of behavior change & practical experience with digital products. I highly recommend this course.
A refreshing look at the under pinnings & influence for web 2.0, engaging and informative.
Opened my eyes to multiple blind spots in our current strategy.
It's been super helpful in our work with clients to bolster our ideas with the research backed approach & science that Brian offers.
If you're interested in finding out the psychological reasons behind your stakeholders' beliefs, attitudes and behaviours, this course is for you.
Brian does a fantastic job of bringing concepts from across domains and packaging them in an interactive, intuitive framework. I learned so much that I can implement immediately with my team.
Brian's workshop taught me many valuable psychological and behavioral insights and patterns that will be able to immediately inform what I do as a design and user experience director.
Brian has deep knowledge rooted in practical experience that can help anyone interested in developing thoughtful and persuasive web products.
This course blends theory with practical activities. It was a great way to develop my knowledge and skills and I love that I've walked away with practical information I can apply to my projects.
The workshop was amazing. A lot of this stuff may be common sense but understanding the science behind is powerful. At the end of the day your takeaways from this workshop will depend on what you want to learn. Definitely recommended for all digital marketers and UX/UI designers.
Very innovative! Brian's workshop provided me with entirely new outlooks on UI/UX design and conversion optimization that I will be able to apply with my clients right away. Extremely valuable + easy to understand.
This class/workshop is a perfect blend of gathering knowledge of design process and psychology principles. The toolkit that Brian put together is super handy and can immediate apply to our current workflow.
The class exposed us to thinking about concepts in a different, new way, and to employ and test concepts we learned, on our own website.
Brian really helped with illustrating persuasive design concepts and will help drive design decisions in the future.
This course is a great reminder of the various factors to consider in persuasive design. What seals the deal, is how these factors have been formed into a tool for analysis, and structured around iteration for increased understanding over time.
Brian's presentation was excellent both in the way he presented a complex and timely topic as well as in his presentation technique. Kudos!
This course was exactly what I was looking for. While I am familiar with the tools and tactics used in digital marketing I now have more insight to WHY we use/implement them. This will help me when I am trying to get client/management to buy in for campaigns and provide information to improve existing efforts.
Practical and scientific and easy! Brian shares his knowledge with great sense of humor. I learned a lot and put many things in perspective.
Brian is an engaging speaker and personality. His expertise and works come to bear in the class, as well as his accessible demeanor. Thank you so much!
As a software dev I tend to overlook a lot of elements but this workshop forced me to closely inspect the placement of elements and the purpose behind them.
This workshop is jam-packed with useful, practical information that I can apply to my work. The emphasis on principles rather than techniques means you can find a way to use this info, regardless of your field or role. I look forward to returning to work and sharing this information with my team.
Brian's workshop was a phenomenal introduction to digital behavior change. He gave a great in-depth exploration of the psychological principles, and led practical exercises that really clearly demonstrated how to put these techniques into practice. Would definitely recommend to anyone in design UI and marketing.
Amazing content that allows me to truly appreciate the science behind design. I know feel empowered to push hard against the status quo.
Love setting back to the basics, pen and paper to writehand to truly implement the learning.
Brian did a great job of presenting many interesting concepts backed by research.
Impactful and Innovative!
I look forward to sharing what I've learned with my team and clients. The tools and approach are easy to grasp and apply in practical meaningful ways.
If you're a UX designer this workshop is worthy to spend 2 days because you could find the principles behind what you're doing every day.
Brian creates an open environment in which you feel comfortable showing ideas, thoughts & questions.
He is great at sharing new concepts and frameworks.
Without doubt one of the best courses I've attended in a very long time. Brian is extremely knowledgeable and provided many practical, real-world examples that can be immediately applied for direct results.
Brian's course is extremely well presented, comprehensive and offers lots of practical examples that can be directly applied to any business.
Your workshop was great! I've already implemented a few techniques that you covered during your presentations and we've seen great results. Thanks for the very informative 2 days!
The persuasive design course was very engaging from beginning to the end. A lot of good examples and 'recipes'. The toolkit is very useful when building wireframes. Can't wait to start applying these theories to my next project!
The one thing I would have wanted to know is that this course is largely focused on the healthcare industry. Other than that it was an informative course with group exercises.
Definitely a great learning experience. Offers a standardized and full scope in the persuasive psychology element of the interactive and UX industry. Great networking opportunities.
This was a great workshop. It helped me understand the why behind some of the marketing best practices I use every day. It also gave me some new ones to try!
Great insight, highly actionable.
Very well researched, scientific approach to thinking about the customer journey and designing for the best result.
I enjoyed the range of examples and relation to emotions. The range of history with psychological design and literal emotional responses.
I think those are deeper connections between a user and a website. I think this is helping to bridge the gap.


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Chocolate Banana
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Recipe by Alia55
A great chocolate and banana cocktail.
See Discussion:
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 1⁄4 ounces creme de banane
- 1 1⁄4 ounces Creme de Cacao
- milk
Directions See How It's Made
- Fill Glass with ice.
- Add Crème de Banana to glass.
- Add Crème de Cacao to glass.
- Fill glass with milk.


text:
Purchasing a home may be the single largest financial
investment you will make,
whether this is your first home or you are an experienced homeowner
so having the right team of professionals to assist you is paramount.
What is prompting your decision? Are you tired of paying rent?
Are you ready to build your own equity rather than your landlord's? Have you outgrown your current
home? Do you need more space, a fenced yard or a garage…Or
is your home an empty nest and you are ready to downsize? Has your
income grown and your are ready to make real estate your investment
tool? Having a keen sense of reason for your purchase will assist
you in making the best decisions when selecting your new home. Bay
Area Elite Properties makes it their goal to understand your needs
and help you achieve your goals when making your purchase.
This is not only the motto of The Boy Scouts of America
but good words of advice
when buying a home. It is never too early to prepare for your home
purchase. Good money management, good credit behavior and good record
keeping will make your home purchase a smooth process.
Part of good
money management is being
careful with your finances and lines of credit. Do not over extend
yourself or your wallet. Be sure creditors are being paid timely,
credit card balances are being kept to a minimum and no new credit
is being generated immediately prior to or during your purchase
Your credit rating has a huge impact on your ability to
obtain financing. In today's mortgage finance world your credit score(s) directly
affect the cost of financing. You can easily keep up with what is
reported on your credit profile by visiting sites such as www.FreeCreditReport.com
or www.AnnualCreditReport.com . Your credit profile is comprised
of reporting from the three major credit reporting agencies Equifax,
Experian, and TransUnion.
Keeping good records for a home purchase include making a
documents file which will
you know that as a homebuyer
you have the choice to your own representation? Do you know
the benefits of "Buyer's Representation"? At Bay Area Elite
Properties our Buyer's Agents work hard to ensure that you
are properly represented, putting your needs and your goals first
in all negotiations and providing you "the buyer" the
highest level of customer service. Not all agents represent the
buyer…Knows that your agent is working for you!
Take the
time to interview your agent
and ask good questions…
Getting "PreApproved" is different
than "PreQualified". A PreApproval means that a lender
has reviewed both your financial
and credit stability; it's
like sending you out the
door with money in your hand! By obtaining a mortgage preapproval
prior to your home search you are ready to make an offer when you
find the home of your dreams; you will also have a better negotiation
position with the seller over others.
In addition to knowing how much home you qualify to purchase
and knowing you have the money in hand meeting with a mortgage
professional prior to selecting your home will remove any pressure
and allow you time to understand all your mortgage options. There
are many financing options in today's real estate market and you need
to know which is best for you and your needs. Our mortgage partners
will take into account your family goals and future financial plans…not
just look at your position today. We will look at things like which
mortgage option will allow you to purchase the home you want while
still maintain a savings for your child's education, or that
wonderful vacation you have planned. Selecting the right mortgage
option is more than just getting you into your home today…it's
helping you keep your home and the lifestyle you've come to
know and enjoy.
You're almost ready! One final step
before getting into the homes, take time to drive the neighborhood.
Visit the area, drive through a few subdivision streets, stop at
the park, have lunch at a local eatery, get a feel for what it would
be like to life here…is this the place you want to call home?
Once you have decided on the subdivisions or neighborhoods that
feel best to you it's shopping day! If you have followed each
of the previous steps than you and your agent will enjoy viewing
possible properties and selecting your dream home. Our buyer's
agent has prepared you for what to expect and how the process will
go. The excitement has been building and now the fun will begin!
The period of time from an
accepted purchase offer until
closing of the sale is called escrow. During this period of time
there are several steps you will need to take to complete your home
purchase. The first step is to have a home inspection completed.
Although a mechanical, structural or pest inspection is not mandatory
it is an important step so that you know what you are purchasing.
You need to be completely aware of the condition of the property
you are purchasing so that there are no surprises after you move
in. Once inspections have been completed you will have the opportunity
to review these findings with your agent and discuss any options
you may have under your contract terms.
If you will be purchasing
your home with third party
financing your lender will require an appraisal of the property.
An appraisal is an analysis of the subject property compared to
similarly sold properties within the neighborhood to determine its
market value. Your lender will arrange for the appraisal to be completed.
You will also need to arrange for homeowner's insurance. You may select to work
with any insurance professional and often insurance companies will
provide discounted rates for multiple policy coverage (auto, home,
life, etc) so be sure to ask your carrier about these discounts.
Depending on the area in which you purchase you may need multiple
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assistance in understanding your insurance options be sure to ask
your agent for any property detail that may assist in this process.
Homeowner insurance is similar to most other insurance you purchase,
the overall policy cost will vary based upon the type of coverage
and deductible limits your elect to carry. Be certain to discuss
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The final steps
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behind the scene. Bay Area Elite Properties has an experienced team
of professionals to ensure your transaction is smooth and seamless.
The big day is just around the corner. But before you
can move in there are just
a few final loose ends to tie


text:
What are my next steps?
Upon receiving your award, please review and complete the steps listed below.
- Complete your Master Promissory Note (MPN) for your Direct Federal Stafford loans. Go to www.studentloans.gov to complete your MPN and entrance counseling. (If you are a returning student who applied for aid last year you will not need to complete a new MPN or entrance counseling for your Direct Federal Stafford Loans.)
- If you want to decline any of your Federal Direct Stafford loans, go to the financial aid award notification by logging into www.bc.edu/myservices and edit your award letter, make changes, and enter your password to submit.
- It can take up to a week for your funds to be disbursed once you have completed your MPN and Entrance Counseling.
- Once your bill is paid and you have a credit balance on your student account, you can request a refund through www.bc.edu/myservices. Go to "My Bill" under the "My Services" tab to request your refund. If you have signed up for direct deposit, your refund will be sent to the account you have designated. If you have not requested direct deposit for your refund and would like to, go to the to "My Bill" under the "My Services" tab (www.bc.edu/myservices) to sign up. Reminder: Refunds are not available until the first week of classes.
- If you have not signed up for direct deposit, you will be issued a check. Checks are issued once a week on Fridays. When your refund request has been processed you will be notified when your check will be mailed or is ready to be picked up at the Cashier's Office located at 129 Lake Street.
- If the Student Aid Report (SAR) sent to you by the federal processor indicates that your processed FAFSA was selected for Federal Verification, then our office will notify you in writing of the requirement(s) and any docuents that you must provide to us. In addition, you will be required to complete, sign, and send to our Financial Aid Processing Center the Grad/Law Verification Form that can be accessed here, or can be found under Forms on the navigation tree to the left, and it is listed under Additional Forms on that web page. Please note that you should not complete the Grad/Law Verification Form if your FAFSA was not selected for federal verification.


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Dr. Alan Frischer, MD is an internal medicine doctor who practices in Downey, CA. He is 62 years old and has been practicing for 32 years. Dr. Frischer is affiliated with PIH Health Hospital - Downey.
For the best healthcare for your needs, choose a doctor who specializes in your medical condition.
Check to see that this provider treats your medical condition.
Check to see that this provider performs the procedure that you need.
Check to see if your provider has any malpractices, board actions, or sanctions.
Learn more about where this provider went to medical school, residency, and more.
Check to see what languages this provider and/or staff speak.
View memberships and affiliations associated with this provider.
Likelihood of recommending Dr. Frischer to family and friends is 3.9 out of 5
Allergy & Immunology
Allergy & Immunology
Internal Medicine
Allergy & Immunology
Physician Assistant (PA)
Internal Medicine
Internal Medicine


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355 Victoria Street, West Melbourne, Victoria, 3003
Old jokes are good jokes, so the best punchlines can be found at Bernard's, Australia's oldest magic shop. You'll find timeless practical jokes guaranteed to evoke playground memories, plus some new-fangled smart phone trickery. Budding magicians and seasoned pros will love the costumes and props, guides and kits. Or just even rubber chickens.


text: Hi, Could anyone help me identify these speakers? They are the Sony SS-C510AV tower speakers, I tried all kinds of searches on the Internet, to no avail. They are approximately 3.5/4 feet tall and use three drivers, includiang an oversized one for bass (probably 12", but I could be wrong, haven't seen my 12" sub driver in a long time so can't compare). Their max power handling capacity is 270W, according to the back of the boxes. I need to get some specs or data on them, most importantly how much they used to cost new, because I will be selling them after I get my RF-7s... I'm sure at least ONE of you guys has come across info on those speakers. At least to what range of Sony speakers do they belong, the crappy one or the REALLY crappy one? Thanks and merry Christmas to all!