text:
Khmu can do….
…but Sartre is smart-re, as Homer Simpson would say, if he knew that Khmu is pronounced like Camus, and that it's the name of a tribe indigenous to the area around the Nam Ha river in Luang Namtha province here in Laos. I've just returned from an amazing two days of kayaking along that tributary of the Nam Tha river (itself a tributary of the mighty Mekong), during which we stopped at a number of villages, inhabited by such groups as the Khmu and the Lanten (close relatives of the Hmong).
We left from the office of Green Discovery at 9am, after leaving our backpacks in storage there and stuffing bare essentials into dry sacks for transport in our inflatable two-person kayaks. Together we were four: a friendly Danish couple P. and S., myself, and our guide Ket (pronounced something like Get crossed with Ed). We boarded a tuk tuk and headed for the highway, on which we drove for about an hour before we reached the flooded iron-rich paths that will form the base of a new road once construction is finished. We jerked and bumped our way down toward a village for another 20 minutes or so until we reached the Nam Ha River, inflated our red kayaks, donned orange lifejackets and yellow helmets, and pushed off into the muddy water. We made our way through some minor rapids, P. and S. in one boat, me providing the engine power in front of the other while Ket maneuvered us down the course as if it were a video game.
As we entered the Southeast Asian jungle, propelled by our own force down the chocolate river, I couldn't help but think I was floating down the "Irriwaddy," as the simulacrum river that flows through the Bronx Zoo, surrounded on either side by free-ranging tapirs and bathing elepants, is known, at least within the borders of the zoo (outside, it transforms back into the slightly less exotic Bronx River). Fluorescent blue birds swooped from bank to bank, while smaller aviators with black-and-white striped tails seemed to skip across the surface, pursuing some subaquatic prey, perhaps. Branches overhung the river, and I pushed them out of my face with my paddle as we passed, wary of the gigantic spiderwebs that spread among their crevices.
After a while, we stopped on the right bank for lunch. Ket took a kayak to the other side to climb a banana tree and cut down some of its huge leaves with his knife, to use as both table and chairs, of a sort, back where the three of us hovered helplessly waiting for our leader to return. At this point, I was still a bit afraid to take out my camera, so lunch, like just about every other meal during the trip, passed unrecorded, except in my memory. The company staff had prepared a bountiful lunch of pork stir-fried with green beans and cauliflower, the smallest, freshest peanuts I've ever tasted, an omelet with dill and other, unidentified herbs, sticky rice in a bamboo basket, and wonderfully spicy chili paste, pounded with jungle-green herbs, into which we dipped our balled-up rice. After eating, I abandoned my fear and took my camera out of the dry sack, and we walked up the hill to the rice fields that soared above the river along this stretch of shore. There, we saw a hut used by the locals for resting and eating while they're working the fields, and Ket explained to us what many of the plants would yield in a few weeks' or months' time: sticky rice (grown not in flooded paddies like the more common variety, but in dry fields), eggplant, cucumber, pumpkin, sesame seeds, thai basil, and ginger, among a number of others for which he didn't know the English name. Not surprisingly, I couldn't identify the vegetables from the plants either.
After lunch we resumed paddling until we noticed some huts rising above the river on the left. We had reached Ban Nalan, home to some 400-odd members of the Khmu tribe. Ket showed us around the village, pointing out the school, which was built by an NGO about eight years ago, the source of running water, in place for only a year, and the solar panels, another gift of some development agency. My favorite part was all the farm animals running around, particularly the piglets, some of which were as young as five days old. I wanted to take one home, but I figured that might be a problem at Customs (disregarding the problem it would be when my mom saw it jump out of my backpack).
Once we'd had our fill of Ban Nalan, we pushed back into the river and headed another hour or so downstream to Ban Nalan Tai, or the southern village of the same name, also inhabited by Khmu people. It was here that we were to spend the night.
First, we changed out of our wet suits and shorts (and I realized that my legs were lightly seared, like good steaks should be) into warmer and drier outfits. Then we explored the village, saying hello to the women and children hanging listlessly around outside (the men were still in the rice fields, and many of them would stay there overnight, as the fields were well over an hour away from the village), soaking each other in. As the light began to fade and the mist move in (around 5pm), some of the village women came over to our hut and started preparing our festive meal. One of them slaughtered a chicken and threw it in a boiling pot of water on the fire stove inside our hut. A young girl joined in, cutting dozens of small water squash into slices, to be made into squash soup and squash curry. Later, when the cooking moved definitively inside (as the sun had certainly sunk behind the mountains), the same girl mashed up chilies with a fragrant herb called lemon balm, to make a distinctive and delicious jeow redolent of lime juice, with the nice crunch of salt to balance the sour and spicy flavors. Through Ket, who speaks not just Lao and English but also the Khmu language and that of a few other hill tribes, we found out about the culture of the Khmu, and some details of the lives of the women who had prepared our meal for us, and whom we had asked to share it with us as well.
Then, no later than 9pm, with the sky pitch dark, our bellies full, and our tongues burning, we strung mosquito nets from the ceiling and crawled inside them on the mattresses that had been laid on the rattan and bamboo floor. While it had still been light, I'd inspected my set-up for scary creatures and rated it okay, and the mosquito net instilled a sadly false sense of comfort in me. I was zonked out within five minutes of lying down. However, in a couple of hours I woke up, jerked from sleep by the sensation that things were crawling on my face and back and, lo and behold, they were. I had ants on my face, on my neck, and, yes, in my pants! They were tiny ants, nothing to be frightened of, but I was still petrified, and spent most of the night turning from side to side and swatting myself with my sleeve. It's not like there was anywhere else to go, so I just snoozed and swatted alternately until 7am or so, when I got up, made my way to the surprisingly modern toilet, and literally shook as many of the insects off me as I could. I was ecstatic when, after a breakfast of fresh-laid eggs and sticky rice, swallowed down with two cups of Lao coffee (sweetened with condensed milk but happily likeable), I was able to jump partway in the water as I climbed back into my kayak. Ants can't swim, can they?
Today, we visited a village that the Lanten people call home, though this cluster of huts was in sorrier shape than the other villages we'd seen on the trip. Ket said that the Lanten people, especially in this village, have a huge problem with opium addiction, and that the addiction was at the root of their relative poverty. Even here, most people seemed to have enough to eat, what with subsistence agriculture and all, but a woman came up to us and held out her baby, whose head was a gaping, oozing, wound, and asked us (Ket translated) for money to take him to the hospital. Ket told us that his company sometimes helps the people here get medical attention, that part of the fees we'd paid go toward helping the inhabitants of the villages we visit, and that we shouldn't give them money because they would spend it on opium. Sadly, we agreed with him and walked away. We didn't spend too much time in this village, though each of us did buy a little handmade bracelet woven with a traditional Lanten pattern of multi-pronged asterisks.
Upon leaving the Lanten village, we made our way over the largest rapids we would encounter, though even they were nothing much in the dry season (Ket said they were probably only class 2 right now, though in the rainy season the same rapids can be class 3 or even 4). Then we stopped a bit further down on the left bank, sat down on some more banana leaves cut from the tree by Ket, and devoured our lunch, another chicken from Ban Nalan Tai, which they'd barbecued over a spit for about three hours before we left this morning, accompanied by more sticky rice and perhaps the best jeow yet–very salty and sour, and not quite as hot. After lunch, we only had a short way to go before the Nam Ha joined the Nam Tha and we pulled our boats out of the river, at yet another Khmu village, this one just a tiny agglomeration of homes overlooking the broad and muddy Nam Tha. We waited there for a bit until a tuk tuk came for us, and then we clambered back to town, climbing all the way over a rocky road mirroring the turns and dips of the Nam Tha.
3 Comments »
Re-Check sp. of coarse Para.#2
You'd already told me 'bout the Irawaddy, however, I laughed at that as well as the frontal shot of the Pig and your bringin' home the bacon story, so to speak.
And yes Ants swim, after a fashion–or have you forgotten the Brazilian strory of Leinigen and the Ants? (They cut and used leaf boats…
Of "course" you caught that! That's what I get for typing quickly and when tired. Fixed now.
And, unsurprisingly, I thought about Leinigen and the Ants about a million times on that trip–though I'd forgotten the name of the story. Just the other week in Beijing, however, Saki came up in quiz night discussion with my friend K., who had loved Sredni Vashtar as a kid as much as we both did, despite growing up in Greece! :)
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text: In the trailer it shows the wind farm but if you look closley you can see heavy fog on the other side of a hill. Seems pertty suspicious that in the middle of a sunny desert there is a patch of heavy fog which was San Fierro's usual climate in GTA SA. Then you have a massive mountain riseing out of the fog, that mountain must at least be twice as big as the one closest in the screenshot. My prediction is that you are looking at the San Fierro area to the left with mount chilliad as the backdrop.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Come Back to Me (Janet Jackson song)
|"Come Back to Me"
|Single by Janet Jackson
|from the album Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814
|June 18, 1990
|1989; Flyte Tyme Studios
(Minneapolis, Minnesota)
|Janet Jackson singles chronology
"Come Back to Me" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her fourth studio album Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989). It was written by Jackson, while James Harris III, and Terry Lewis co-wrote and produced the song. The R&B ballad talks about a lover trying to rekindle a romance that faded away a long time ago. It was released as the fifth single from the album in June 18, 1990. Jackson also recorded a Spanish version of the song titled "Vuelve a Mí".
The song received positive reviews from most music critics, who praised Jackson's sweet delivery and the song's instrumentation; it was also called a sexy and silky ballad. It became a commercial success on the charts, reaching the top three in Canada and the United States, while also reaching the top twenty in the United Kingdom. The music video for the song was directed by Dominic Sena and it was set in Paris. The romantic video features Jackson's former husband René Elizondo, Jr.. Jackson has performed the track in all of her tours, with the exception of The Velvet Rope Tour (1998).
Background and release[edit]
While writing for her fourth studio album, Rhythm Nation 1814, Jackson felt a lot of pressure to follow up the success of previous album, Control (1986). Jackson enlisted previous collaborators and record producers Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis to work with her on the album, and according to the duo, she was excited, and creative juices were flowing."[1] Jam claimed, "It was me, Janet, Terry and [executive producer] John McClain -- and Rene Elizondo also. Let me include him on the creative mix. If the ideas weren't flowing from that group of people, they weren't really being listened to." The album's concept was developed after Jackson, Jam and Lewis watched many social problems that were going on in the world on TV, such as racism, homelessness, drugs and illiteracy.[2] However, the second half of the record is composed with love songs, with "Come Back to Me" being one of them.[1]
Following "Alright", "Come Back to Me" was announced to be "Rhythm Nation"'s fifth single and it was released on June 18, 1990. Its CD single contains the B-side "The Skin Game Pt. 1", while "The Skin Game Pt. 2" is an instrumental which appears exclusively on selected releases.[3] Jackson also recorded the song in Spanish, titled "Vuelve a mí" which also appears on selected releases.[4] In the UK, the song was released as a double A-side co-featuring "Alright".[5]
"Come Back to Me" was written by Janet Jackson with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, with the latter two also serving as the song's producers. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, "Come Back to Me" is composed in common time with an "easy ballad" tempo of 78 beats per minute. It is set in the key of A-flat, following a basic chord progression from D♭-E♭-F-G. Jackson's vocals on the track span from the low-note of Eb3 to the high-note of Bb5.[6] Lyrically, "Come Back to Me" talks about a lover trying to recapture the rapture of a romance that blossomed and faded away a long time ago.[7] The song is a quiet storm ballad,[2] featuring chord changes and a bridge with a soaring, cinematic outro.[8]
While commenting over the song to Billboard's Kenneth Partridge, producer Jimmy Jam claimed that, "At the time we did it, it was one of my favorite songs. I loved the lyrics and the vocal on it." However, for him, "the interesting thing [...] was the live strings." He further commented:
|I never heard the strings when we were doing it. We'd kept it simple, and Janet said, "It'd be great to get some strings on this." There was a guy in Minneapolis who was an incredible string guy. He arranged a lot of our string stuff. I said, "Hey, Lee, come up with a string thing for this," and he did. We loved it so much that the end of the song, it basically fades out with just the strings as the last thing you hear.[9]
Critical reception[edit]
The song received positive reviews from most music critics, who went on to praise Jackson's delivery and the strings used on the song. Alex Henderson of AllMusic praised the song, calling it a "caressing, silky ballad,"[10] while Jon Pareles of The New York Times labeled it a "glistening ballad for adult contemporary outlets.[2] Pareles also noted that it "recalls the production by Mr. Harris and Mr. Lewis for the Human League's Only Human, and "caresses the ear with overdubbed voices."[2] Wendy Robinson wrote for PopMatters that the song shows "a more reflective, dramatic side of Janet Jackson."[11] Chris Gerard of Metro Weekly went on to call it a "sexy ballad," featuring "a beautifully layered vocal by Jackson and some lovely instrumentation by Jam and Lewis."[12] Stephen McMillian of Soul Train named it a "romantic ballad" and "one of the more memorable songs during the summer of 1990."[13] Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine praised the track, writing:
"'Come Back to Me' smartly obscures Janet's nondescript pillow-talk delivery within luscious folds upon folds of gut-wrenching chord changes, topping the tragic, plunging bridge with a soaring, cinematic outro that leaves Janet speechless, admitting, 'I don't know what else to say.' It's the quintessential song in the key of heartbreak, but its despair leaves listeners properly stripped and ready to receive the pornography of 'Someday Is Tonight,' which I'm still not sure I'm old enough to listen to."[8]
Chart performance[edit]
The song reached number two on both the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (behind Mariah Carey's "Vision of Love") and on the U.S. Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (behind The Time's "Jerk Out)", becoming another top five single from Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (the fifth at the time). It also became Jackson's first—and so far only—number-one hit on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart.[14] Internationally, the song became a success, reaching number 3 in Canada, while also reaching number 20 in the United Kingdom and number 21 in Ireland.[15][16][17]
Music video[edit]
Directed by Dominic Sena, the video is set in Paris, France, where Jackson deals with a former lover leaving her, reminiscing about the good moments spent together. The male lead in the video was René Elizondo, Jr., whom she would marry a year later. The video shows the Pont de Bir-Hakeim, the Eiffel Tower, the Grand Palais, the Gare d'Austerlitz, the Champs de Mars area, and the view from Montmartre, among others.[7] It appears on the video compilation Design of a Decade 1986/1996 and was released on iTunes on May 4, 2007.[18][19]
Live performances and covers[edit]
Jackson has performed the song on most of her tours, including the Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour, janet. Tour, All for You Tour, Rock Witchu Tour, Number Ones: Up Close and Personal tour, and the Unbreakable World Tour. It was not included on The Velvet Rope Tour. On the "janet. Tour", it was cut from the set list after the first leg. During the "All for You Tour" (2001-2002), Jackson performed a mellow medley of "Come Back to Me", "Let's Wait Awhile" and "Again". Denise Sheppard of Rolling Stone commented that, "Without question, [it was] one of the night's most beautiful and verklempt moments arrived out of nowhere forty-five minutes into the set. It was the first time that a break in the action occurred - no dancers, no music -- and as a close-up captured Jackson looking genuinely happy, the audience spontaneously burst into what became a five-minute standing ovation. Looking on, shocked by the sincerity of the moment, she shed sincere tears, simultaneously overwhelmed and overjoyed. 'I love you so much, Vancouver. Thank you'."[20] The February 16, 2002 final date of the tour at the Aloha Stadium in Hawaii, was broadcast by HBO, and included a performance of it. The medley was also added to the setlist at its DVD release, Janet: Live in Hawaii, in 2002.[21] On the Number Ones: Up Close and Personal tour, Jackson used a diamond-encrusted lavender gown to perform a ballad medley of "Nothing", "Come Back to Me" and "Let's Wait Awhile".[22] Annabel Ross of Sydney's "Everguide" praised Janet for "hitting some impressive high notes herself".[23] In 1992, saxophonist Marion Meadows covered the song from his album Keep It Right There with additional vocals by Will Downing. [24] In 2008, American rapper Plies sampled the song for his single "Bust It Baby (Part 2)", which featured Ne-Yo, while Janet appears on the official remix of the song.[25]
Track listings[edit]
- UK double 12" promo single (USAT 681)[26]
- "Alright" (12" House Mix) – 7:07
- "Alright" (Hip House Dub) – 6:40
- "Alright" (a cappella) – 3:26
- "Alright" (12" R&B Mix) – 7:17
- "Alright" (House Dub) – 5:58
- "Alright" (7" House Mix With Rap) – 5:35
- "Alright" (7" House Mix) – 4:21
- "Alright" (R&B Mix) – 4:34
- I'm Beggin' You Mix – 5:33
- The Abandoned Heart Mix – 5:19
- LP instrumental – 5:15
- UK 12" single (USAF681)[27]
- The Abandoned Heart Mix – 5:19
- "Alright" (12" R&B Mix) – 7:17
- "Alright" (House Dub) – 5:58
- UK CD single (USACD681)[5]
- 7" I'm Beggin' You Mix – 4:46
- "Alright" (7" R&B Mix) – 4:34
- "Alright" (7" House Mix With Rap) – 5:35
- U.S. 12" single (SP-12345)[3]
- 7" I'm Beggin' You Mix – 4:46
- I'm Beggin' You Mix – 5:33
- LP Instrumental – 5:15
- "The Skin Game, Part I" – 6:43
- "The Skin Game, Part II" – 6:37
- Japanese 3" CD single (PCDY-10015)[4]
- 7" I'm Beggin' You Mix – 4:46
- "Vuelve a Mi" – 5:15
- Japanese CD maxi single (PCCY-10131)[28]
- 7" I'm Beggin' You Mix – 4:46
- I'm Beggin' You Mix – 5:33
- "Vuelve a Mi" – 5:15
- The Abandoned Heart Mix – 5:19
- LP Version – 5:35
- LP Instrumental – 5:15
- "Vuelve a Mi" (Spanish) – 5:21
- "The Skin Game, Part I" – 6:43
- "The Skin Game, Part II" – 6:37
Official remixes[edit]
- Album version – 5:33
- Instrumental – 5:17
- 7" I'm Beggin' You Mix – 4:47
- 12" I'm Beggin' You Mix/Design Of A Decade 1986/1996 Version – 5:34
- The Abandoned Heart Mix – 5:18
- "Vuelve a mí" – 5:13
- "Vuelve a mí" (Spanish) – 5:21
Weekly charts[edit]
Year-end charts[edit]
|Preceded by
"Vision of Love" by Mariah Carey
|U.S. Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one single
August 25, 1990 – September 8, 1990
|Succeeded by
"Release Me" by Wilson Phillips
- ^ a b Patridge, Kenneth (September 18, 2014). "Jimmy Jam Remembers the Making of Janet Jackson's 'Rhythm Nation 1814': Exclusive Q&A". Billboard. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
- ^ a b c d Pareles, Jon (September 17, 1989). "RECORDINGS; Janet Jackson Adopts a New Attitude: Concern". The New York Times. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
- ^ a b Janet Jackson - Come Back to Me
- ^ a b Janet Jackson Come Back To Me Japan 3" CD SINGLE (113769)
- ^ a b Janet Jackson Come Back To Me UK 5" CD SINGLE (40581)
- ^ "Janet Jackson "Come Back to Me" Sheet Music". MusicNotes.com. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
- ^ a b E. Johnson, Robert (February 1990). "Janet Jackson: A New Love, A New Nation and New Black Pride". Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. 45 (4): 50. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
- ^ a b Henderson, Eric (September 7, 2009). "Janet Jackson: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 | Slant Magazine". Slant Magazine. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
- ^ Partridge, Kenneth (September 18, 2014). "Janet Jackson's 'Rhythm Nation 1814' Revisited By Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis: Track-by-Track Review". Billboard. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
- ^ Henderson, Alex (2008), Rhythm Nation 1814 > Overview, Allmusic, retrieved 2008-06-12
- ^ Robinson, Wendy. "Janet Jackson: Rhythm Nation Compilation | PopMatters". PopMatters. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
- ^ Gerard, Chris (September 21, 2014). "25 Years of Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814". Metro Weekly. Jansi LLC. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
- ^ McMillian, Stephen (September 2, 2014). "Classic Soul Album: Janet Jackson's 'Rhythm Nation 1814'". Soul Train. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
- ^ a b "Rhythm Nation 1814 > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Retrieved April 8, 2009.
- ^ "RPM weekly magazine". rpm. Retrieved April 8, 2009.
- ^ "Chart Stats – Janet Jackson – Come Back To Me". The Official Charts Company. Chart Stats. Retrieved April 8, 2009.
- ^ a b "The Irish Charts". Irish Recorded Music Association. irishcharts.ie. Archived from the original on June 3, 2009. Retrieved April 8, 2009.
- ^ "Janet Jackson: Design of a Decade 1986/1996 (1996 Video) - IMDB". IMDb. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
- ^ "iTunes - Music Videos - Come Back to Me by Janet Jackson". iTunes. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
- ^ Shppard, Denise (July 10, 2001). "Ms. Janet Jackson Gets Nasty". Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
- ^ "Live Review: Janet Jackson in Toronto". Winnipeg Sun. Stevenson, Jane. 2011-03-13. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
- ^ "Janet Jackson 'Up Close and Personal', Rod Laver Arena, Nov 3 - Everguide". Everguide. Ross, Annabel. 2012-10-30. Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
- ^ "Keep It Right There overview". AllMusic.
- ^ "Plies - Bust It Baby (Pt. 2) (Remix) ft. Ne-Yo & Janet Jackson". DJ Booth. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
- ^ Janet Jackson Alright + Come Back To Me UK Promo 12" RECORD/MAXI SINGLE (4817)
- ^ Janet Jackson Come Back To Me - Remixes UK 12" RECORD/MAXI SINGLE (12317)
- ^ Janet Jackson - Come Back To Me (The Remixes)
- ^ Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988-2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
- ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 1300." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
- ^ "Janet Jackson: Artist Chart History" Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
- ^ "Janet Jackson – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Janet Jackson. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
- ^ "Janet Jackson – Chart history" Billboard Adult Contemporary for Janet Jackson. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
- ^ "Janet Jackson – Chart history" Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs for Janet Jackson. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
- ^ "RPM Top Singles of 1990".
- ^ "Billboard Top 100 - 1990". Archived from the original on 2010-01-17. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
External links[edit]
- 1980s ballads
- 1989 songs
- 1990 singles
- A&M Records singles
- Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one singles
- Janet Jackson songs
- Music videos directed by Dominic Sena
- Pop ballads
- Rhythm and blues ballads
- Song recordings produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
- Songs about heartache
- Songs written by Janet Jackson
- Songs written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
- Torch songs


text:
(August 2000)
Hi Bob, Whether or not the original sender is included in the distribution is a matter of how your MTA handles the list. Majordomo just passes messages to the MTA. If you were using sendmail, I would tell you to check the "metoo" setting in the sendmail.cf. I do not know anything about postfix other than an "out of the box" installation. Dan Liston "Bob Puff@NLE" wrote: > > Hi Dan, > > Thanks for the heads-up. Do messages normally NOT get sent by majordomo to the original posters? I've seen other people's messages, but not mine. > > I'm having problems getting Majordomo to run under postfix. Thanks. > > Bob


text:
Hurtigruten, Cruise Ship prices, Ferry conditions.: Nordkapp Cruise Review by McGenius49
Overall Member Rating
Hurtigruten, Cruise Ship prices, Ferry conditions.
Destination: Baltic Sea
Embarkation: Bergen
If you want reasonable size cabin with half decent facilities don't choose this cruise, unless you can afford the much larger cabins at much larger prices.
If you are after fine dining don't choose this cruise, we found the food very good but may not be to everyone choosing.
If you are after entertainment in the evening don't choose this cruise, there isn't any apart from piano man in the bar.
If you want Hurtigruten to fuss after you don't choose this cruise, it's not in the Norwegian make up to be concerned that you are enjoying yourself and being looked after they are not bothered.
If something goes wrong don't expect an apology so don't choose this cruise.
If you are adventurous and want something totally different you want amazing scenery Summer or Winter within a stones throw, choose this cruise. You can get 24 hours More of sun in the Summer and 24 hours of darkness in the winter so in winter you won't see so much of the amazing scenery.
In the Winter you may be lucky and see the Aurora Borealis. You may also get rough seas 40ft waves and 80mph winds and you will get freezing cold temperatures along with a trip into the Arctic Circle.
The choice is yours! would we go again, the answer is yes! but we would try and get a two for the price of one offer if they come up, then it would be value for money at £888 each for 6 nights, compared to other cruises it's expensive. Hurtigruten are relying too much on the scenery, summer and winter and selling it as a working ferry but they want cruise liner prices without delivering the service. They need to go on some customer service courses or experience another cruise line to see what's on offer. The management certainly need to change their attitude, the staff on the ship were always very polite and helpful.
We booked a trip on the M/S Nordkapp the Voyage North for our 40th wedding anniversary we did not expect anything but hoped we might get a bottle of wine on the night of our anniversary. We should have known better, this would not be the trip of a life time. At the time of booking I paid Hurtigruten to have a car pick us up at the airport and take us to the ship I advised them of the flight number and arrival time, touchdown 20:00 hrs, and what time I expected to exit the terminal 20:30hrs. When we reached Bergen and stepped out of the terminal on time, no car, nothing, we waited and waited, going in and out of the terminal in case we had missed someone carrying a notice with our name on, nothing. I phoned the number provided several times and got no reply. Eventually someone did answer only to hang up on me when I explained why I was phoning. Then an employee from the Flybusen company asked if we had a problem I explained to him and he said it happens all the time with Hurtigruten, people missing the departure of the ship. with his help we got a bus to the Hurtigruten terminal and just made the departure at 22:30.
Because we were late we got none of the information given to other passengers. after a expensive coffee we decided to go to bed. We knew the cabins were not going to be palatial but we expected them to be clean! that was another mistake, when I pulled down the bed I was going to sleep on I looked at the pillow and it was filthy it looked like someone had played football with it and the actual pillow in side the case was stained yellow all over really gross. We were both so tired by this time I just threw the pillow against the door to block out the light coming in through the gap at the bottom of the door, I'm still not sure if any of the bedding was changed before we got there all the sheets were creased but that may be because the beds fold up with the bedding trapped against the cabin wall, how the pillow was so dirty I don't know.
When we awoke in the morning we were able to see what we missed on our arrival in the cabin, well it was a sorry sight tatty to say the least, we had one chair to sit on which was far from new, the the top of the back of the chair was frayed where so many hands had gripped and rubbed along it with stuffing coming out, with the seat section well worn, along with the very worn carpets. Then we come to the bathroom, adequate, but small and old, the shower worked with just enough water to feel clean. Toilet seat was broken moving around very much when the sea was rough, a skill just to sit on it in such conditions, then there was the sink, when first we looked, it seemed as though it had not been cleaned but it was just old and stained, with the surface all crazed with small cracks making it look worse.
We had booked the trip in the hope of seeing the Northern lights, no guarantees, and as luck would have it we did not, they said we had the worst storm in ten years, staying in Trondheim for an additional 12 hours to let the worst of the storm to pass, so for most of the cruise it was very overcast, these are small ships 11,000 tonnes compared with the big cruise liners of 100,000 + tonnes. Once we had gained our sea legs the rough weather was not a problem in fact it was different, something to talk about, you must expect bad weather in the North Sea in the winter months if you want gentle cruising don't choose this trip.
Hurtigruten do say they are a ferry for the Norwegian people which they are, 11 ships, constantly going up and down the coast stopping at 34 ports on the way North and the same again coming South. We missed out on 14 of the ports due to the adverse weather conditions but it was not a big deal, many of these were docked at when we would be asleep. The views of the Norwegian coast were stunning and that was the other reason for the voyage, which didn't disappoint us.
My wife and I found the food to be generally very good breakfast was not always a big choice, if you slept in there was even less. Midday meal was between 12:00 and 14:00 help yourself a good selection of hot or cold dishes always plenty of fresh seafood which was really good.
Evening meal, there were two sittings 18:00 and 20:00 although with I guess maximum 150 passengers when we were sailing, all could have been accommodated at one sitting and according to the specs, the ship has the capacity of 622 passengers with 456 beds (you have to guess the number of tatty the beds out of the total)
If you do choose this type of cruise there is no entertainment to speak of, one man with a synthesiser cranking out a variety of tunes and songs in a bar that feels quite soulless but that's probably because it bankrupts you to have a few drinks in the bar and not many people were prepared to pay the Norwegian prices for booze, small bottle of beer £8.50 glass of wine £9.00 they say it's to stop the Norwegian youth from drinking but there were no Norwegian youth on the ship . What's wrong with giving international passengers duty free privileges, you have to pay by charging drinks to your cabin number, they also advertise duty free for travellers in the on board shop, so it could be done. That may have made the evenings more enjoyable, remember the further North you go in the winter months the shorter the days, it does afford a greater chance of seeing the Northern lights but it shortens the time for the views of the passing scenery so the evenings can seem to be quite long. Less
Published 05/22/14
Cabin review: L grade standard cabinL2 312
Adequate for the six nights we were on board longer periods and you could go stir crazy we had a window to the outside world, I would not want to be in a cabin with no windows that would make the cabin seem very small, In all the cabin furniture and decoration were old and tired as well as worn, definitely needs upgrading.
Read Cruise Critic's Nordkapp Review >>
Itinerary was great, food and ...
Trip worth taking
Amazing Port of Calls with a P...
Outstanding cruise experience ...
Best roro ferry I've ever been...
Great cruise along Norway's co...
Great scenery but beware of th...
Wonderful first-time; My partn...
Amazing Arctic Circle
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[Date Index]
[Thread Index]
[Author Index]
Re: Select from a list
Just use Union.
{1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8, 9} // Union
{1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9}
If your elements are not in sorted order and you want to keep them in the
same order, then look at the UnsortedUnion example in the Union Help
David Park
djmp at earthlink.net
From: Feng-Yin Chang [mailto:fychang at slac.stanford.edu]
To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
Hi everyone,
Does anyone have an idea to drop the repeating elements in one list?
The list was built in sequence,fortunately.
for example,
from a={1,1,2,2,4,6,6,8,8,9}
to a1={1,2,4,6,8,9}
The purpose is to avoid the one-to-many mapping problem in my case.
Feng-Yin Chang,
Institute of Physics,NCTU,Taiwan


text:
Following in his elder brother William's footsteps he played in the annual Wall Game at his public school, Eton, to mark St Andrew's day.
It's one of Britain's oldest and most violent school games.
Baffling rules
Many people have admitted being confused about the rules and this one ended in a goalless draw.
In fact, no one's scored in almost a hundred years!
Harry played in a flanker-type position and didn't receive any injuries although he was covered in mud when it finished.
Apparently the 17-year-old prince is said to have enjoyed himself very much.


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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 29/11/2011 (2066 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
Here's a quick plug for my friends down at the Winnipeg Free Press News Cafe: they're hosting a California-themed food and wine night this Thursday (December 1) starting at 7:00 p.m.. Guests will enjoy six Cal-themed hors d'oeuvres (including lamb, beef, pork, and seafood dishes) paired with wines from the Golden State. The tentative list of wines, as chosen by The Winehouse:
- Flip Flop Pinot Grigio
- Ferrari Carano Fume Blanc.
- Caymus Conundrum (side note: I tried this wine last week again and it's great - a fun blend of white grapes)
- Cycles Gladiator Pinot Noir
- Bogle Vineyards Petit Syrah/ Easton Zinfandel
- Layer Cake Cabernet Sauvignon
Tickets are $60 per person, and are available at the Winnipeg Free Press News Cafe or by calling 942-0682.
You might remember a couple of weeks back I did a column on wine and bacon, and mentioned the local event called Baconfest that's happening tomorrow night. Organizers tell me all the spots that were selling tickets are now sold out, but that there may be a handful of tickets (like, under 10) at the door tomorrow after 6:00 p.m.
If you're looking to stock up on a mixed bag of reds and whites this holiday season, it might be worth your while to snoop around at some of Winnipeg's private wine stores. Many have put together "holiday cases" (name may vary) - 12 bottles of good-value white and red wine that they often sell for a slightly discounted price. I've had good luck with these types of promotions in the past and have found some gems as a result.
Oh yeah, I'm heading to my first Jets game tonight against the Ottawa Senators - do they have a decent wine list at the MTS Centre? ;)
Follow me on Twitter for more: @thegrapenut or "Like" my Facebook page to be kept in the loop if Twitter ain't your thing.


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Target grants $1,000 for student-run public relations conference, internship fair
YPSILANTI — The Eastern Michigan University Foundation received a $1,000 grant from the Target Corporation in support of Eastern Michigan University's Public Relations Student Society of America (PRSSA) student development conference and internship fair.
The conference and internship fair, an annual event planned and run by PRSSA members, is meant to help students find internships, and prepare them for fields in public relations, journalism, marketing and other communications fields.
This year's conference is scheduled for February 2009 and is open to all students. The event will include a resume critiquing workshop, informational sessions, a keynote speaker and the internship fair.
The grant could not have come at a better time, said Lolita Cummings Carson, professor of public relations.
"Over the years, it has become increasingly difficult for us to secure the funds for these types of valuable experiences for students," said Cummings Carson. "The current economic climate in Michigan has resulted in greater needs, but fewer dollars. Therefore, we are especially grateful for Target's long-standing commitment to education and the community. Their actions continue to demonstrate their true friendship with EMU."
"It's wonderful to have the support of a national corporation such as Target," said Stephanie Scheer, president of EMU's PRSSA chapter. "With the funds provided by Target, we'll be able to expand the student development conference, and better educate and prepare our students for a career in public relations or their designated majors. We look forward to furthering our relationship with Target in the future."
According to a Target spokesperson, "the Target Campus Grant Program provides financial support to schools for programs that develop and influence future business and community leaders. Target is a regular presence at Eastern Michigan University, recruiting promising students for internships as well as full-time career opportunities. With its strong values, dynamic culture and commitment to team member development, Target continues to see and attract the best talent."
For more information about the upcoming PRSSA student development conference, contact Stephanie Scheer at email@example.com
Eastern Michigan University is a public, comprehensive university that offers programs in the arts, sciences and professions. EMU prepares students with the intellectual skills and practical experiences to succeed in their career and lives, and to be better citizens.
Editor's Note: Looking for an expert source for a story? Check out EMU's Eastern Experts online at www.emich.edu/univcomm/easternexperts.
EMU Home | University Communications Home


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WCH Council Special Mtg
A re-organizational meeting of Washington City Council will be held Thursday at 10am. The special session will be in council chambers.
Upcoming council committee meetings include:
*Tree Committee on January 6th at 4pm
*City Planning Commission on January 7th at 7pm
*Community Improvement Corporation January 15th at 3pm
*Board of Zoning Appeals later that same day at 5:30pm
*Nuisance Abatement meeting January 21st at 9am
Washington City Council meets this month on the 8th and 22nd.


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Trillick and District YFC have resumed their new season looking ahead as well as looking back.
In 2013 Trillick YFC will celebrate its 50th anniversary and already they are planning a celebration dinner dance on October 4 2013. A former member, Mrs Hazel McCay, is also writing a book of the Club's history.
If anyone has any material they would like to share, they should contact Pauline on 89561715 email email@example.com or Hazel on 82831412 or mobile 07745434693, email firstname.lastname@example.com Following their success in the Ulster Farm Club of the Year, the Club entered the Tyrone Rosebowl competition in the form of Grease Trillick style. Congratulations were extended to Timothy Keys (Danny) who was judged best junior actor.
At the area silage competition Trillick members Nicole Barton was first and Laura Sproule third(12-14), Gareth Deazley was second (16-18), Mark Gibson was third (18-21) and Rachel Gibson first(21-25). Laura Sproule went on to gain first place at the 12-14 years NI Final!
Following their successes at the area heats William Smyth, Aaron Crozier, John Edgar, Laura Sproule, Nicole Barton, Hannah Abercrombie, Christopher Crawford and Rebecca Deazley attended NI Finals Day for stockjudging competitions at Greenmount. John was placed second in dairy cattle judging 18-21 and Nicole, fifth in beef stock judging 12-14.
Rachel Gibson and Kyra Crawford gained places at the NI Finals of the Floral Art at Balmoral Show where Rachel gained first place in the senior section. Rachel was also delighted to receive an invitation to the Diamond Jubilee celebrations at Stormont.
The 2011 YFCU John Bradley Challenge was a Knockout Competition at Greenmount. Two Trillick Teams enjoyed the fun and the day out! They entered five Teams at the YFCU Build It Competition. Unfortunately, despite members' hard work, their scarecrows didn't impress the judges!
There were further successes at Omagh Show.
Fund-raising ventures during the summer included the annual Cops and Robbers disco in Fivemiletown and the Car Treasure Hunt and BBQ at the QE2 PS at Kilskeery which were well supported by friends and supporters and neighbouring YFCs. The Club has also sent its congratulations to Shannen Vance and David Henderson who have completed their Silver Duke of Edinburgh Award and will attend a presentation ceremony in October.
Recently Trillick welcomed two of the YFCU's incoming European Exchangees - Angela McDonald from Canada and Sabine Wegmannn from Switzerland. .


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ESSEX-UK-L ArchivesArchiver > ESSEX-UK > 2007-05 > 1178443769
From: "C P Biggam" <>
Subject: Re: [Ess] Death Certificate
Date: Sun, 6 May 2007 10:29:29 +0100
References: <00a901c78f64$68d883b0$37e936d2@Bianco><003a01c78fb7$779ec730$1f8a9256@NJOvington>
> Sarah CHAMPION was possibly a nurse hired to attend him or the owner of a
> building where he died?
***I've got a similar situation with my g-g-g-grandfather, James Clarke, who
died in 1838. His wife was still alive, and also several sons and daughters,
but the witness to the death was the unrelated (as far as I'm aware) name of
Mary Rowland. When I looked on the 1841 census, I found a Rowland family
about 10 houses away. Perhaps Mary was a nurse, as Nivard suggests, or
perhaps just a kindly neighbour who sat with the sick man (he died of
jaundice) while his wife was on an errand.
Carole Biggam
This thread:
|Re: [Ess] Death Certificate by "C P Biggam" <>


text:
Who were the hosts on the TV show
"Hee Haw" .......this was just about driving everyone nuts at our Father's Day Picnic. Please, please, answer this question! Thank
Hi Hobbeskatz,
"Hee Haw" had a large cast of characters, but the two hosts throughout most of the series were Roy Clark and Buck Owens.
Thanks for writing and stay tuned,


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Besides, their affairs had now become as exciting to us as a mystery play.
Jordantown had become the stage upon which a mystery play was being enacted with all the farcical features of a comedy.
Was she not the wife of the best captain they had ever had, and had she not knelt like one of the holy saints in a mystery play?
They tweaked his tail on carven misericords, and in the mystery play he was invariably cast for the clown.
It was, in fact, a mystery play designed by the High Priests of the Communist faith to instruct the people.
In the Middle Ages one went to church to see the mystery play; now one goes to the music-hall to hear a sermon.
She saw it all in a mystery play long long ago—when a Hand came out, and put in the stars and sun and moon.'
Davie responded that it was like a pasteboard town in a mystery play, and that he longed to strike at it with his good broadsword.
Until the mystery play fell into disuse, the trading companies and guilds seem principally to have maintained them.
The Spaniards also developed a new form of the mystery play,—the autos sacramentales.


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Select Your Home Region
800 554 7016 M-F 8-7, Sat 9-1 CT or speak to your travel professional
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At sea Drake Passage and Beagle Channel
With our accompanying flock of seabirds, Minerva was approaching Cape Horn, the boundary between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The sea was still quite calm and the weather bright. We reached our nearest point, 12 nautical miles, at 6 o'clock in the evening, and were close enough to see the grey outline of the headland of Cape Horn, the graveyard of many ships that failed to 'round the Horn'. There is now a monument on the Cape to the drowned sailors in the form of an albatross.
Photo Coach Richard Harker gave his last and all-important lecture "I've got the shot – now what do I do?" With digital cameras, everyone has taken hundreds of images which now need to be sorted, stored and even electronically enhanced. Richard pointed out some of the features of digital cameras that we should bear in mind when we upgrade to a better model. Richard was followed by Cruise Director Jannie Cloete giving the important, if unwelcome, briefing about the arrangements and procedures that will enable a smooth disembarkation and onward travel after our arrival at Ushuaia. More entertaining was the preview of the DVD that has been made of the expedition, which will be available for sale.
As we approached the Cape, Ralph Eshelman gave a fascinating lecture on the history of ships rounding the tip of South America, from Magellan and Drake to the clippers and windjammers of the 19th century. There was time to spend on deck having a last view of the albatrosses that having been enlivening our sea passage before the Gourmet Galley Afternoon Teatime and finally the last formal gathering to watch a slide show prepared by the Expedition Staff that recalled many of the highlights of the cruise. We had made landings on the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula, and had shipboard experiences of whales, albatrosses and icy landscapes. So much has happened in a short space of time that it took many slides to do the experience justice!
During the evening, Minerva came into the shelter of land, steamed back up the Beagle Channel. So ended our cruise to Antarctica. We will leave tomorrow to go our separate ways – perhaps to meet again aboard one day.
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* Please Note: Daily cruise logs are posted each day based on communications and log entries received from the vessel. We will strive to keep the cruise log's updated daily, however, communications are dependent on internet connection and delays may occur due to communication interruptions and other variables outside of A&K's control. Your patience is appreciated.


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Tweets from @TBHomeTeam/writers
MORE from our HomeTeam writers.
Wed. March 23, 2011 | Bob Putnam | Email
Lakeland Victory Christian coach Jeff Schaum, former Blake coach Sean Washington and former Leto coach Hugh Dehnert are among eight finalists to be Gibbs' next football coach.
The Gladiators have been searching for a replacement for Donnie Abraham, who resigned in February after two seasons to become an assistant with the Tampa Bay Storm. There were 65 applicants for the job, and that list was whittled down to eight finalists this week.
The other finalists are James Barbaree, Antonio Knox, Anthony Givins, Kent Nash and Shane Wheeler.
Barbaree, Knox and Givins were all assistant coaches at Gibbs. Nash is the defensive coordinator at Northeast. Wheeler is a former assistant at Boca Ciega who is currently the linebackers coach at Southwestern Assemblies of God University in Texas.
Dehnert is an assistant at Plant. Washington is the linebackers coach at East Bay.
Gladiators athletic director Mark Robertson said the list will be whittled to six by Friday. They will go through a second interview on April 6 and a coach will be named later that week.


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SCHOTT X JEREMY SCOTT Perfecto
This leather jacket was recently adorned by R&B Princess RiRi. Reminds me a bit of Keith Herring. Oh wait, a closer look reveals it is indeed K.H. print.
Look at the 80s come back with this number.
More on Jeremy Scott's Flintstones tribute.
Jeremy Scott's leather jacket is dedicated to the Flingstones" family.
Take your skyscraper to go (or to Vancouver) with this boldly designed jacket displaying feats of modern architecture. All cotton, pure street style.


text:
Welcome to Taxi 247.in we are the best taxi,car & cool cabs provider in India. Taxi Service is become indispensable part of the transportation system in India.Mumbai Nashik Taxi Services can be very useful if you are unawre about the roads of the city.Mumbai Nashik Taxi Services can provide you with comfortable travelling experience whenever you require.We provide all cars like Innova, Indica Vista, Indigo, Honda city etc. with with optimum facilities and tourist guide with car & chauffeur driven car at competitive price.
Mumbai Nashik Taxi offer various services like Mumbai Airport Pickup Drop Taxi, Mumbai Hotel transfers, Mumbai Airport Transfers, Mumbai car rentals, Mumbai Pune Taxi Service, Pune to Mumbai Cool Cabs, Mumbai car hire service to Lonavala, Shirdi, Pune, and more,Pune Mumbai shared taxi, Rent a car in Pune, Hire a Delhi to Mumbai All cabs are Airconditioned and Backed by our supplier network.


text:
Memento Mori Mittens by Odessa Reichel
Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 15 projects made from this pattern and much more? create a free account What am I missing?
Memento Mori Mittens
This pattern is available for $5.00 USD buy it now
Inspired by sugar skulls, these morbid mittens are covered in bold graphic patterns and imagery. The powerful skull on the front is balanced by lots of flowery details. Contrast between the two yarns is key to a mitten that really pops. They are knit long to keep your bones from catching chill.
Knit from the cuff up, these mittens use decorative braids to flank the cuff detail. All over patterning makes this pattern not for the colorwork-shy.
A Latvian Braid tutorial can be found on my blog at: http://ohdessaknits.com/2010/07/17/latvian-braid-tutorial...
Patterns downloaded before 10/27/10 have some chart errors, please make sure you have downloaded the most recent version.


text: kate middleton jewelryResults 1 - 15 of about 100 for kate middleton jewelry Kate-MiddletonBy: John Allsopp | ArtAs we all know Kate-Middleton will be married, soon, to HRH Prince William. People have asked me how I come up with the inspiration to paint Royal portraits. Disney coloring books as I have mentioned previously, have played a big part in my artistic education. Royalty can be visualized easily by me; I simply look at picture or think about Cinderella's Castle in the Magic Kingdom, Orlando, Florida. read moreThe Kate Middleton Style EmergesBy: silence | Arts & EntertainmentThe Kate Middleton style emerges read moreMemorable Photos of Kate MiddletonBy: Elizabeth Woods | CelebritiesQuite a few know that the fiancé of Prince William of Wales, Catherine Elizabeth "Kate" Middleton, was a reserve little girl and only to be in more sociable mood when she is a teener. As the elder daughter of a self-made millionaire Michael Middleton, she started a relationship with Prince William since attending the University of St Andrews. Then Middleton has received greatly media attention and there were a number of rumors that they would get married. Despite harassing press disruptions, on 16 November 2010, their engagement was officially taken place as a royal event. And the wedding is going to be in practice at Westminster Abbey on the 29th of April, 2011. So the love tale finally gets a happy ending, let's have some looks at the bride's latest memorable photos. read moreInteresting Comparisons between Princess Diana and Kate MiddletonBy: Emma Murphy | RelationshipsPrince William and Miss Kate Middleton have already touched closer to a happy ending and fairytale wedding. Their marriage is considered as one of the currently biggest events in Britain and cheered by people all over the world. Over the years, the beautiful lady has been compared constantly to the late mother in law, Princess Diana, from her non-royal background to her common sense of style. read more Brand Exclusive – The Kate Middleton LookBy: Maline Morgan | FashionBrand Exclusive think that fashion will be ruled next year by Kate Middleton as the build up to next April's royal wedding begins. read moreWill Prince William and Kate Middleton Sign a Prenup?By: Culon Cheng | RelationshipsThe United Kingdom Monarchy created head lines all over the world this past week when it was unveiled that Prince William will wed his long time girlfriend, Kate Middleton. Ending numerous years of speculation and also surviving a short split, Prince William and Kate Middleton have already been seeing each other for quite a while. The engagement announcement saw a press hurricane beginning with rumours on from the wedding venue, wedding day and even the bridal dress. Though many p... read moreMost Desirable Jewelry Collections of CelebritiesBy: Elizabeth Woods | JewelryCelebrities all over the world often own expensive jewelry collections that are desirable by anyone. Diamond, sapphire and emerald are key elements of the jewelry and help their owners become more gorgeous when appearing at crowds. Only if you see these pictures below, you can know why famous people choose jewelry to advertise their images. read moreBritish Royal Couple: Prince William and Kate Middleton Celebrate Their First Christmas at Sandringham (Pictures)By: JENNIFER QUINN | News and societyOn April 29, 2011 the whole world witnessed the 21st's royal wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton that took place at Westminster Abbeys. It is the happy ending for the couple after their 9-year romantic love story. And now, seven months later they spent together as a married couple on their first Christmas. William, Kate and the entire royal family all went to Sandringham Church to participate in the traditional Christmas Day service at the historic venue in King's Lynn, England. read moreKate Middleton Dolls - The Newest In A Long Line Of Collectible Princess DollsBy: Jonathon Blocker | ShoppingAs such, collectors of dolls can now secure their Kate princess doll to add to their collection too. read moreBianna Golodryga Reveals Details about Prince William and Kate Middleton's Love StoryBy: Matilda Charlotte | TVNews of a royal engagement is a source of excitement and interest to people all over the world. The recent engagement of Prince William to his longtime girlfriend, Kate Middleton, made headlines all the way across the great Atlantic, here in America. Due to the fact that Americans do not have a royal family, their interest in the family that stands at the head of the monarchy in Great Britain has read morePrince William and Kate's First Appearance after Engagement ProposalBy: Elizabeth Woods | CelebritiesPrince William Arthur Philip Louis of Wales and his girl friend Kate Middleton has just appeared in public after their engagement proposal for the first time. The British Royal's future bride wears Diana's engagement ring nearly 30 years ago. The couple shows off their confidence and happiness to hold hands and pose together in public. The wedding of prince William and the British Royal's future bride Kate Middleton is scheduled to take place in the spring or summer of 2011 in London. During the appearance in public, the Royal couple have unveiled all about the proposal, the wedding ring and their feelings for each other. The event has appealed much concern from press and media; the couple have become the center of attention from distinguished guests, fans, and even paparazzi. Below are the most stunning photo shots of the Royal couple Prince William and Kate Middleton's first appearance after their engagement proposal. read moreLondon Hotels during the Royal Wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton on April 29th, 2011By: Graeme Watson | HotelsLondon Hotels during the Royal Wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton on April 29th, 2011. The official date of the Royal Wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton has been announced. It will be on Friday April 29th, 2011 at Westminster Abbey in London and it is very important to book your London hotels for the Royal Wedding as well as your flights to London as soon as possible as these will be selling out very fast. read moreWilliam and Kate Commemorative's Coin Receives CriticismBy: Chris Elliott | Community NewsThe Britain's Royal Mint has just released the commemorative coin for the happy royal couple Prince William and Kate Middleton. However, critics blame that it is hard to recognize Kate and William in their commemorative engagement coin. The coin was inspired from a photograph of the couple at a sporting event which marks the start of Prince William and Kate Middleton's life together. The coin is minted at Britain's Royal Mint where the first ever royal engagement coin to be produced; however, Majesty magazine editor said that "To get it so wrong seems ridiculous". read moreWilliam and Kate Make First Official Public AppearanceBy: Jim Baker | News and societyBritain's Prince William and his fiancée Kate Middleton were cheered by hundreds of people in spite of braving blustery winds and grey skies when the couple visited a life boat station at Trearddur Bay in Anglesy, North Wales on Feb. 24, 2011. It is the first time they made official public appearance together since their engagement though both William and Kate actually attended at a cancer fundraising concert in Norfolk in December. This occasion is one service of dedication for a new lifeboat from the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. Music from the Menai Bridge Brass Band and the Holyhead Male Voice Choir was added when the young pair smiled and waved to villagers. Miss Middleton, who was invited as a special guest of honor, wore a three-quarter-length beige coat and a black scarf with her hair tied back and crowned with a feather fascinator. read morePrince William And Miss Middleton Are To Be Conjoined - April 29By: Kevin London | MarriageBBC reports say the British Royal wedding should be on 29th of April. He plucked up the courage and requested her to marry him. Westminster Abbey is the chosen locale at which it should take place. read more 1 2 3 4 5 6 22 You might also like Taylor Swift Shines in her Short-sleeved Gucci Gown on the Red Carpet at the 2014 Grammy AwardsKelly Clarkson Shares Her Thoughts of Being Called Fat All the TimeCristiano Ronaldo's hairstyle 2013: A look at CR7's different haircuts Welcome, Guest! Log In | Create Account All ArticlesBusinessEducationLifestyleVehicleJobsLeisureTechnologyHealthSocietyTravelVideo Favorite Bookmark RSS Home Top Authors Top Articles Blog Submit Article Need help Editorial Guidelines Submit articles FAQ Become Member Contact us Popular topics Travel Self Improvement Computer Public Relation Online Promotion EzineMark sites Content Widget EzineMark Video Hot Stories RSS Top articles More information Terms & conditions Privacy Policy About us EzineMark Ranking&Statistics Copyright (c)2005-2013 Submit articles at EzineMark.com. All rights reserved.


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The Digby Ravens jersey may include a small Acadian logo if Clare votes to allow the Digby Minor Hockey Associaition to merge with them.
Clare and Digby minor hockey players are one step closer to playing together.
At a meeting on Monday, July 21 the Clare Minor Hockey Association voted 82 per cent in favour of amalgamating with Digby.
Digby is not its own association but is currently a division within the Western Valley Hockey Association.
The Digby members voted in favour of leaving the WVHA at meeting in early July and now the two Digby County groups are just waiting for the WVHA to vote on letting Digby go.
Each of the five districts – Bridgetown, Middleton, Greenwood, Berwick and Digby – get five votes at the WVHA meeting on Wednesday, Aug. 6.
If that votes goes the way Digby and Clare hope, then the Digby and Clare groups will discuss modifications to the CMHA constitution such as boundaries and make up of the board.
And then, the final step in joining the two groups, the members of the CMHA will vote on the modifications to the constitution.
President of the CMHA Michel Comeau says the amalgamation will be a win-win for everyone.
"Oh there are so many wins with this," he said. "We'll have better numbers to make better teams, more competitive teams, we'll have a deeper pool of volunteers, more referees. It's very positive."
Comeau says a bigger association will enable them to possibly suit up three strong lines for the competitive teams, allowing the better players to play to their level.
On the other hand, some players who previously made the competitive teams in Clare might have to work harder to keep their spots.
Comeau says perhaps the biggest benefit will be the opportunity to offer all-girls teams.
He said Clare had about 20 girls in their association and Digby another half-dozen but that was playing with boys.
If they offer all-girls hockey, he thinks more girls will come out and they could at least put together two teams – a mixed atom, peewee and a mixed bantam, midget.
"But the possibility is there for perhaps four teams," he said. "That is probably the biggest plus, to really grow girls hockey tremendously."
Digby asked for the amalgamation to save a lot of driving and gas for competitive players and their parents who have been travelling to valley rinks for practice and home games.
"Digby is geographically no where near the teams in Western Valley," said Ettinger earlier this month. "The closest rink if they're playing in one of the competitive leagues is Kingston and that's 45 to 50 minutes away, and most of it is in Berwick, that's an hour of driving."
Rink to rink between Digby and Clare is 30 minutes.


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Environmental Decision Memo for Food Contact Notification No. 000699
Return to inventory listing: Inventory of Environmental Impact Decisions for Food Contact Substance Notifications or
the Inventory of Effective Food Contact Substance Notifications.
See also Environmental Decisions.
Date: March 8, 2007
From: Environmental Toxicologist, Environmental Review Team (ERT)
Office of Food Additive Safety (HFS-246)
Subject: FCN No. 699 - An aqueous mixture of peroxyacetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and 1-hydroxyethylidine-1,1-diphosphonic acid for use as an antimicrobial.
Notifier: Enviro Tech Chemical Services, Inc.
500 Winmoore Way
Modesto, CA 95358
To: Division of Food Contact Notifications (HFS-275)
Attention: Mark Hepp
Through: Layla I. Batarseh, Ph.D., Supervisor, ERT
Attached is the Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for Food Contact Notification (FCN) 699. After this notification becomes effective, the FONSI and the notifier's revised environmental assessment (in PDF, 656Kb), dated February 4, 2007, may be made available to the public in response to a FOIA request and we will post redacted copies of them on the internet at http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~rdb/opa-envt.html.*
Please let us know if there is any change in the identity or use of the food-contact substance.
Katrina E. White, Ph.D.
Finding of No Significant Impact
Finding of No Significant Impact
A food contact notification (FCN No. 699), submitted by Enviro Tech Chemical Services, Inc., to provide for the safe use of an aqueous mixture of peroxyacetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and 1-hydroxyethylidine-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) for use as an antimicrobial to control microorganisms in ice and wash water used to commercially prepare fish and seafood.
The Environmental Review Team has determined that allowing this notification to become effective will not significantly affect the quality of the human environment and therefore will not require the preparation of an environmental impact statement. This finding is based on information submitted by the notifier in the notification, including a revised environmental assessment (in PDF, 656Kb), dated February 4, 2007.
Prepared by__________________________________________Date: March 8, 2007
Katrina E. White, Ph.D., Environmental Toxicologist
Environmental Review Team
Office of Food Additive Safety
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
Food and Drug Administration
Approved by__________________________________________Date: March 8, 2007
Layla I. Batarseh, Ph.D., Supervisor
Environmental Review Team
Office of Food Additive Safety
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
Food and Drug Administration
*The FDA web links cited in this article are now out of date. The new FDA websites can be accessed from the Ingredients and Packaging section under the Food topic of www.fda.gov.


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3296W Trim Pot Trimmer Potentiometer - Blue (30-Piece Pack)
If you think the price is too high, please click to apply for lower price
All packages from DX.com are sent without DX logo or any information indicating DX.com. Due to package variations from suppliers, the product packaging customers receive may be different from the images displayed.
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What is Bulk Rate? BulkRate is a semi-wholesale system with items priced separately from retail. When you use bulk rates, a flat $1.70 registered air mail fee will automatically be added to your cart to ensure delivery of package. While BulkRate's intention is to offer cheaper prices when you buy in bulk, because it is priced separately it on occassions show a higher than retail price. That's why we ask you to enter BULKRATE as a coupon code to manually activate the rates. You can always opt not to use the bulk rates. If you are looking for wholesale prices please feel free to contact us.
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Pros: They work fine Cons: None, really
Nice selection of multi-turn trimpots . Good quality for professional, hobby and repair use. Precise and stable. Must have in any hobby electronics component box. In local store they are much more expensive.
Good Trimmer Potentiometers. Values are good. Very precise trimming possible by great many turns. And they are low cost.
The set contains most popular potentiometers which you usually may need. The price is not bad. I would recommend this for DIY projects. It took about 40 days to arrive to Russia, but there was Chinese NY, so maybe it took... Read more
Pros: They work fine Cons: None, really
Well, 15 values times two of each for $5.50 is a good deal. The trimmers themselves are pretty standard. This is unbelievable to me but a... Read more
cheap. good quality. information on top. like 500 this is 50ohm, 101 this is 100 ohm, 201=200 ohm etc. non these are cheap compared to it... Read more
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As if in a land before time, Ngorongoro Serena Safari Lodge is built into the rim of a dormant and collapsed volcano (known as a caldera), the plant and ivy-covered native stone blending masterfully with its surroundings. Most guest rooms have private terraces with views of the crater floor where countless animals make their home.
- Wifi
- Restaurant Onsite
- Pets Allowed
- Property Size N/A
- Conference Facility
- Kids Allowed
- Nearby City Ngorongoro
- Nearby Water N/A
- Open Dates All Year
- Photography
- Hiking
- Wildlife & Nature
Nearest Airports
- Arusha Airport (ARK) / 3.5 miles
- Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO) / 27.3 miles
- Moshi Airport (QSI) / 44.4 miles
* Not all airports listed here may be open to public use, or service commercial flights
Message this property
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Project DescriptionResidential-Projects
2004 Watermark Awards
Flagg Residence
Best Kitchen Remodel In A Home 3,000 To 5,000 Square Feet
The existing kitchen in this California rancher was pure vanilla--a peninsula kitchen open to a small dining area. Not much light, not much space, not much excitement. What made it worse was that the home's entry opened directly into a disorganized kitchen. Architect Philip Volkmann's plan stripped this space down to grade, expanded it into the site by 458 square feet, and laid it out to give the home more functionality and flow.
The extended space sits under a new gabled roof that runs perpendicular to the existing ridgeline. Beneath it an open plan relies on two kitchen islands, cabinetry, and ceiling trusses to break the space into three: breakfast nook, kitchen, and dining room. The arched trusses add Craftsman character to the space and echo its large arched windows.
Besides giving the owners a sunny kitchen, the relatively simple addition solved a number of problems. It improved the entry, now a stylish foyer separated from the kitchen. There's a convenient, unobstructed path to the living room. Volkmann was also able to add a laundry room and pantry. And the added footage created easy access between kitchen and patio. All in all, "a wondrous space," the judges agreed.


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Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
Location was good and the staff friendly although no one could speak English. Free WiFi that worked fine. Nearby town, Rewal, has restaurants, but only during the summer period. Room was not cleaned during the stay. The single room was very small but otherwise clean and OK. Breakfast very poor.
Clean, confortable rooms and good buffet-breakfast (great variety, diffrent menu in the 2 days that we spent there). The staff is friendly and helpfull (although it would be nice to speak more English rather that Deutsch) The rooms don't have air-conditioning and there aren't even flee-nets at the windows so you woldn't want to open the window at night because there are lots of mosquitos at the Baltic coast, so you don't get to have much fresh air.


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Though BP managed to stop the spread of oil from its broken well last week, President Obama has been able to do little to stop the drop in his public approval ratings, which now, according to a new ABC News-Washington Post poll, hover just above 40 percent. Add these numbers to the comment by Robert Gibbs, the president's press secretary, that Democrats could lose control of the House in the November elections, and it equals trouble for the president in 2012. So what does Mr. Obama need to do to shore up his base, woo back independent voters and win a second term? The Op-Ed editors asked political experts to suggest a few plans of attack.
How Can Obama Rebound?
Current Status: Published/No Action (12)
Seeded on Sun Jul 18, 2010 4:38 AM
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Ask a Cosplayer!
View Single Post
More red fabric!
Join Date: Jan 2010
Posts: 177
What's the best way to find out if they are interested? Sometimes it's hard to tell if someone is interested in more or less photos. (ok, usually it's easier to tell if they want less...) Usually I avoid asking people to do photo shoots because I think it will inconvenience them too much.
Please just ask! If the person is a relatively new cosplayer like myself, they may be a bit surprised by the request, but I would certainly be flattered. I am thrilled whenever someone thinks highly enough of my costume to ask to photograph it. Unless I'm running late for something, I would be totally happy to stop for pics. As for the group thing, my anime club tends to all cosplay from the same series. If someone wants to single out one of the members, we're totally cool with it. We actually often congratulate that member when they return to the group, since we all watched each other put the effort into our outfits.
To answer, previous questions:
Unless I have somewhere to be, asking to move to another location would be perfectly fine with me. To avoid the "creepyness" factor, I would feel a lot more comfortable if the photographer gave a specific destination when they ask, like "it's really crowded here, would it be alright with you if we move to the fountain over there/the gazebo on the second floor?" That, and I might ask to have a friend come with me to hold my bags/make sure my costume is on straight.
And as some people have already said, I would love it if the photographer would give me posing tips. I can't see through the lens like you can, let me know what I can do to improve the shot! Also, even if you aren't familiar with the character please let the cosplayer know if something looks off- bra strap showing, roots visible under the wig, lipstick marks on teeth. If anything, I'd be relieved that you let me know!
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Groth-Sahai proofs are efficient non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that have found widespread use in pairing-based cryptography. We propose efficiency improvements of Groth-Sahai proofs in the SXDH setting, which is the one that yields the most efficient non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs.
- We replace some of the commitments with ElGamal encryptions, which reduces the prover\'s computation and for some types of equations reduces the proof size.
- Groth-Sahai proofs are zero-knowledge when no public elements are paired to each other. We observe that they are also zero-knowledge when base elements for the groups are paired to public constants.
- The prover\'s computation can be reduced by letting her pick her own common reference string. By giving a proof she has picked a valid common reference string this does not compromise soundness.
- We define a type-based commit-and-prove scheme, which allows commitments to be reused in many different proofs.


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Recipe Formulation Calculations for Brewers
by Martin P. Manning
Republished from BrewingTechniques' January/February 1994.
Formulating recipes with ingredients expressed in percentages promotes a better understanding of their influence on the finished product. Key parameters can be adjusted selectively, and variations in raw materials can be easily accounted for while preserving desired characteristics.
When describing a particular example of the brewer's art, the first things that come to mind, except perhaps its status as an ale or a lager, are its color, strength, and bitterness level. Literature on beer styles nearly always includes the ranges of these three parameters that are appropriate for each style. To actually produce an example of a particular style, however, more information is needed. The traditional types and proportions of the malts, adjuncts, and hops and how they present themselves are just as important. If any of these are out of character, the beer may be judged as unrepresentative.
In practice, further considerations beyond those mentioned above arise when seeking a really fine example. Water composition, yeast type and strain, and specific wort production and fermentation techniques all influence the product. These subjects, however, are beyond the scope of this article.
Here I present a systematic approach to recipe formulation that starts with the desired values of original gravity, bitterness, and color, along with the relative proportions of the various malts, adjuncts, and hops to be used, from which the brewer can calculate the specific quantities of the ingredients needed for a given batch size. Using this tool, the brewer is assured of matching the obligatory, objective specifications and is free to focus on the artistic aspects of recipe formulation.
All information describing a beer recipe should be related in terms that are independent of the quantity of beer to be made. A commercial brewer who works with 30-bbl batches can converse freely about the effect of a particular malt, adjunct, or hop schedule with an amateur who works with 1/100 of that amount if they both speak in terms of the proportions rather than the actual quantities of the ingredients involved. What I call the general characteristics of strength, bitterness, and color are commonly measured in units that are independent of batch size. In this article, the beer's strength is estimated by the original specific gravity (OG) of the wort, the bitterness of the finished beer is measured in International Bitterness Units (IBUs or mg/L of isomerized a-acids), and its color is measured in degrees Lovibond (°L).
Similarly, the combination of fermentables used can be described by the relative proportion - or percentage of the total - of each type of malt, mash adjunct, and kettle adjunct used. Professionals routinely think in these terms, but most hobbyists still seem to think in terms of absolute quantities, perhaps because they erroneously perceive the calculations involved in working with percentages to be difficult.
Hop rates and schedules are most often described by specifying the estimated IBU contribution of each addition. I prefer to describe the hop varieties and the specifics of their use in relative proportions, each hop addition as a percentage of the total weight of all additions, including those that are added in the secondary fermentor or cask (dry hopping). As described here, the calculations for both the fermentables and hops are executed in an organized and efficient manner and are therefore not difficult even if done using only a simple calculator. Personal computers can be used to speed and enhance calculation ability (see "Computer Shortcuts," page 55).
To describe the specific instructions as succinctly as possible, I first provide a general discussion of the procedure, the rationale for the method, and the system-dependent and controversial aspects. The procedure will work for virtually any batch size because the calculations for extract yield and hop bittering are always the same. A few system-dependent terms, however, exist: extract efficiency, hop utilization, evaporation rate in the kettle, and the loss of runoff in the spent grain, which will need to be adjusted to match the equipment being used.
Determine general characteristics: The first choices to be made are the target values for original gravity, bitterness, and color. These should be selected to fit the style of beer you intend to brew. Consult the literature on beer styles (1-4) for the expected ranges of these parameters.
Determine the specifics for the recipe: This is the creative part of formulating the recipe. The combination of malts, adjuncts, and hops you select, and how you use them in the brewing process, reflects your interpretation of the style of beer you have chosen to brew. Be aware that some styles of beer virtually require certain malts, adjuncts, or hops to be true to that style. Again, consult the literature for guidance on these aspects.
Malts and adjuncts: Using the recipe formulation method presented here, the brewer chooses the percentage of the total weight of all malts and adjuncts for each ingredient used in the mash and kettle. Several sources suggest the approximate composition of the grist, in percentages, for various styles of beer (3,4). As an example, a typical pale ale might be made using 80% pale ale malt and 15% crystal malt in the mash, and 5% of some type of sugar in the kettle (for a total of 100%). Existing recipes that give specific weights for each ingredient are easily converted to this system: the percentage for any mash or kettle ingredient (in decimal form) is found by dividing its weight by the total weight of all the malts and adjuncts, including kettle adjuncts.
For each ingredient, you will need an estimate of the extract yield (in percent by weight) and the estimated color resulting from using a unit weight in a unit volume of beer. Table I, derived largely from reference 5, gives representative values for various sources. If laboratory analyses are available, I use the coarse-grind, as-is (or unadjusted for moisture content) extract figure, because it is closest to the actual situation in the brewhouse.
Hops: As mentioned above, published recipes often describe the hop schedule by specifying the variety, boil time, and expected IBU contribution from each addition. Although the IBUs from each addition must be accounted for if the target level is to be met, the primary purpose of late hop additions is not to add bitterness but to add hop flavor and aroma, which come from the oil content in the hops, and oil content correlates only loosely with bittering power. The typically low a-acid levels of aroma varieties and their variation from year to year mean that huge swings in the weight of hops will be required to yield the specified IBU contribution. The hop flavor and aroma in the finished beer may therefore be much different than expected.
Nineteenth century brewers distributed their hop additions by dividing the total weight of hops into convenient fractions and adding these amounts at intervals from the start of the boil to the end (1). This thinking can be extended to include dry hopping. From this method we can derive a system for varying the amount of hop flavor and aroma that accompanies a specified level of bitterness. If all of the hops are added at the start of the boil, for example, essentially no hop aroma and little hop flavor will remain in the finished beer. As fractions of the total weight of hops are added later in the boil, and even to the secondary fermentor, increasing levels of hop flavor and aroma will result. In the procedure described here, the total weight (of all additions together) will be determined such that the estimated IBUs in the beer will be the same regardless of the schedule. The brewer can therefore select the hop varieties and schedule based on the desired flavor and aroma profile alone and not be concerned about matching the desired bitterness level.
Expressed in these terms, typical hop schedules sound much the same as those of historical practice. To formulate a recipe, the brewer chooses the percentage for each addition, the variety, and the boil time. The hop schedule for a typical English-style pale ale, for example, might specify that 75% of the hops are Fuggles boiled for 60 min, and the remaining 25% are Goldings added at the end of the boil. For increased hop flavor and aroma, as found in American-style pale ales, an increase in the late hops and possibly dry hopping is required. I have had good results from 25% boiled for 60 min, 25% boiled for 15 min, 25% added at the end of the boil, and 25% added to the secondary. Of course, more than one variety can be added at the same time, each with its weight fraction called out separately, as long as all additions together total 100%. This technique also improves the predictability of late hop character when more than one hop variety are being used. Actual weights of the late additions vary with the weighted average of the IBU contribution from all additions and will therefore be less sensitive to year-to-year variations. Another advantage is that dry hop additions are called out in the schedule in the same terms as all other additions (that is, as a percent of the total weight), even though their IBU contribution is essentially zero.
Again, existing recipes that give specific IBUs or weights for each addition are easily converted to this system: the percentage by weight for any hop addition is equal to its weight divided by the total weight of all hop additions. To get from a specified IBU contribution to a weight for a particular addition requires backing through the assumed a-acid content and a utilization factor for the boil time (see box). Published recipes are usually the best source of data from which to construct hop schedules because quantitative, style-specific information is seldom seen in any other form.
For each hop variety used, the brewer needs an estimate of its bittering potential (in percent a-acid). Most hops are now supplied with this information, so it should be unnecessary to resort to published average levels, which are often far from those of the current crop.
Calculating actual quantities: Once you have determined the general characteristics and the specifics of the recipe and noted the specific data for the required raw material (extract and color for grains and a-acid levels for hops), you can find the actual weight of each ingredient for any desired batch size.
Malts, adjuncts, and hops: For malts and adjuncts, first find the extract yield for a unit weight of the mixture of malts and adjuncts, taking into account an assumed mash extract efficiency (see below). Once this figure is known, a simple equation is used to find the total weight of the mixture required to achieve the desired gravity. The individual weights are then found by multiplying the percentage of each by the total weight.
The procedure is exactly the same for hops. First find the expected IBU yield for a unit measure of the specified mixture of hops, when used according to the schedule. Then find the total weight of all hops required for the planned batch size and finally the weights of the individual additions. The hop utilization factor is analogous to the extract efficiency above; it will vary with boil time, but the equations involved are of the same form, differing only in their units and the associated use of a constant.
Hop utilization factors are the subject of much debate, but I have used the data given in reference 6, recast in the graphical form shown in Figure 1, with reasonable results. The calculation procedure described here will be unaffected if better or more accurate information becomes available at some later date.
Color: The color calculation may not be completed until the total weight of malts and adjuncts is known, but it is otherwise similar. First find the color resulting from a unit weight of the mixture of malts and adjuncts used in a unit volume of beer, then adjust this value to the actual weight of the ingredients and the actual volume of beer to be made. The beer color is therefore already determined when the percentages of the various malts and adjuncts and the target original gravity are fixed. If the predicted color is outside of the desired range, it can be adjusted only by trial and error, changing the percentages of the colored malts and/or adjuncts until an acceptable color is indicated.
Prediction of beer color is complicated by two factors. The first is that the wort may darken 2-3 °L because of oxidation and caramelization. This color change is not accounted for in the color prediction calculation. The color increase due to these mechanisms is system- and process-dependent and can be adjusted for only empirically. The second factor is that the measured color does not develop linearly with increases in the concentration of the coloring agents present. The calculation most often used to predict beer color - and the method used to assign color values to malt and adjunct grains - assumes that it does. Fortunately, there is a way to correct for this effect, which can be significant in the amber to very dark amber color range.
Reference 7 describes a method of visually assessing the color of a sample of beer by comparing it to a reference beer of known color, which is diluted until it matches the test sample. A curve showing the color of the reference beer (in °Lovibond) as a function of the dilution water added is used to determine the color of the test sample. Data from this curve are recast here as Figure 2, showing °Lovibond versus the concentration rather than the dilution of the reference beer. I have extrapolated the curve from 17 °L (the color of the reference beer) to 20 °L, to fully cover the meaningful range of the Lovibond scale (in practice, anything over 20 °L is generally considered black).
From Figure 2 it is evident that up to about 10 °L, color increases with concentration in a nearly linear fashion. A straight line is drawn from the origin (0 concentration and therefore 0 °L) through the 10 °L data point. This line represents the simple model in which color is proportional to concentration. Extending this line out to higher concentrations shows how the error increases dramatically beyond 10 °L. If the shape of the curve drawn through the measured data is generally representative of color development, a simple correction to the linear model is suggested. If, for example, a color of 17 °L is desired, the recipe must be formulated such that the linear model estimate is 30 °L (reading the value of the straight line at the same concentration as 17 °L on the curve). Using values from Figure 2, I constructed Figure 3 to provide a direct conversion from the linear model to the measured data.
Volumes and boil time: The method includes a simple calculation to determine the volumes of water required for mashing and sparging and the volumes that will be lost in the spent grain and to evaporation. It is necessary to work through this process if you expect to end up with the planned volume of bitter wort. Even if you follow a published recipe, differences in equipment and technique will likely be present. If you perform the calculations for your system, you will be able to come closer to the target gravity and bitterness levels with a minimum of adjustments along the way. It also allows you to predetermine process variables such as mash thickness, sparge-to-mash water ratio, and boil time, all of which may need adjustment depending on the batch size, the capacity of your system, and the original gravity of the beer being brewed.
Even though I mechanized the procedure using a spreadsheet program, I describe the calculations as if they are to be done by hand, and I provide an example recipe (Figure 4). I chose this Belgian abbey ale recipe, adapted from reference 8, to illustrate the use of both a kettle adjunct and a dry hop addition. Also, its relatively high original gravity (1.077) shows the problems that such beers present regarding the sparge-to-mash water ratio and required boil time. In this case, I made a somewhat thicker than normal mash (~10% less water per pound of grist) and used a 2-h boil time to get the sparge-to-mash water ratio above 1.0 (see below).
It is probably wise to work through the example, checking that you can get the same calculated values before trying your own recipes. A blank worksheet is included for use in formulating a new recipe (Figure 5).
The worksheet: On the worksheet, the areas that are not shaded are either recipe design choices (for example, original gravity and bitterness units), process assumptions (such as extract efficiency), or ingredient data (such as extract potential for various malts and adjuncts). To fill in these areas, you must rely on your judgment, past experience, or published sources. The shaded areas are the calculated values. They will be filled in as described in the steps below. Note that all percentages are entered in decimal form (5% = 0.05).
General characteristics: Enter the desired values for the following at the top right corner of the worksheet:
Note that batch size is net volume at the end of the boil, including trub losses, at 60 °F (15.5 °C). I usually make ~5% more wort than I need, which covers the amount left in the spent hops and the hot break as well as the losses in racking from the primary to the secondary fermentor.
Malts and adjuncts: First, estimate the mash extract efficiency and enter it on the worksheet. Use past experience, or assume something around 80-85% for the typical amateur brewery.
Next, for each ingredient in the mash and kettle, fill in the values for the percent total weight and look up and enter the extract potential (%), and color potential (°L/lb/gal or °L/kg/L), using the extract and color data from Table I. Be sure that the sum of all entries under "% Total Wt.," including both the mash and kettle adjuncts, is 100% (1.00).
For each ingredient in the mash and kettle, calculate the values in the extract column using the following equation:
extract = % total weight
and calculate the values in the color column using the following equation:
color = % total weight
Extract efficiency in the kettle is always 100%.
Next, total the values in the "Extract" column, first for the mash alone (mash extract), and then for the mash and kettle together (total extract). The total extract is the expected yield, in percent by weight, from the mixture of malts and adjuncts used.
Next, calculate the total weight of all ingredients for the mash and kettle using the following equation:
total weight=OGpoints x batch size/
total extract x 46.31
where units are in pounds. If using metric units, use 386.5 instead of 46.31 (units are then in kilograms and batch size is in liters).
The weight for each ingredient can then be calculated:
weight = % total weight
Next, calculate the mash weight by totaling the weights of the mash ingredients.
Total the "Color" column, including both the mash and kettle values to get the total color per unit weight and volume.
Last, calculate the predicted color using the following equation:
predicted color= total color x total weight/batch size
Using the predicted color, determine the corrected color by reading Figure 3. Check this value against the target color, and adjust the proportions of the ingredients as necessary. Usually only small adjustments to the percentages of the highly colored materials will be required. Remember to keep the sum of the percent total weight column at 1.00.
Hops: For each hop addition, fill in the percent total weight, percent a-acid, and boil time for the hops you will be using. Again, be sure that the sum of the percent total weight entries is 1.00.
For each addition, determine the utilization factor from the boil time and wort gravity using the hop utilization chart (Figure 1).
For each addition, calculate the iso-a-acid using the following equation:
iso-a-acid = % total weight
For metric units, use 1000 instead of 7490.
Next, total the iso-a-acid column. The result is the combined IBU/oz/gal (or IBU/g/L) for all hop additions.
Next, calculate the total weight of hops:
total weight=IBU's x batch size/total iso-a-acid
Units are in ounces (or grams, for metric units).
Calculate the weight for each addition using the following equation:
weight = % total weight
Volumes and boil time: First, estimate the evaporation rate during the boil based on past experience. A typical evaporation rate is 1.15 gal/h (4.4 L/h) for 6.6-gal (25-L) batches in my converted half-barrel kettle. Evaporation rates of 10%/h are typical in commercial systems but may be larger (>15%/h) on amateur equipment. The evaporation rate may also vary with the batch size on a particular system.
Next, enter the desired boil time, which should be at least 1 h to promote a good hot break and to get full hop utilization. If you are making a high-gravity beer, you may have to boil much longer to concentrate the wort.
Calculate the volume of water evaporated using the following equation:
water evaporated =
Add to this value the batch size to arrive at the net volume to the kettle:
net volume to kettle =
Determine and enter on the worksheet the amount of water to be used per unit weight of grist in the mash (in gal/lb or L/kg) for each of the following:
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Former Governor of Illinois Rod Blagojevich was sentenced today to serve 14 years in prison. Blago was convicted of 18 charges of corruption, most memorable being the time he tried to sell President Obama's vacant Senate seat after the 2008 election.
"Blago" was the top trending topic on Twitter today after the verdict was announced. Here's what some of the tweets had to say:
Blago (D-IL) tried to sell a Senate seat, shook down a children's hospital, & tried to get hostile newspaper editors fired. Good riddance.
When asked for comment Rod Blagojevich said his prison sentence was not fuckin' golden.
Blagojevich gets 14 years in prison for corruption. His hair gets the death sentence.
I bet we all remember where we were when Blagojevich was sentenced, since it happened just a few minutes ago.
Blago gets 14 years. Conrad Murray gets 4 years. Casey Anthony walks.
Is 14 years too many for Blagojevich? No. I'd rather he be sentenced until the Cubs are in the World Series.
For comedians, Rod Blagojevich is the grift that keeps on giving.
Has anyone started a "Blago in jail" Twitter account yet?
Concerning that last tweet: I'm on it.


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For the past several months, the Japanese government has racked its brain how to dilute, if not revoke, Tokyo's 1993 apology for the wartime sex slavery of foreign women. Friday's announcement was its result. As expected, Tokyo stopped short of denting the essence of the "Kono statement," called after the then Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono, in which Japan offered its first full apology for the imperial army's coercing and coaxing hundreds of thousands of mostly Asian women to serve as prostitutes in military brothels during World War II.
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