text:
- News : CRGA approve SPC salaries increase [26/07/2017 - New Caledonia]
- News : Australian government stalls Solomon Islands undersea telco cable over Hauweii security issues [26/07/2017 - Solomon Islands]
- News : New climate research could prompt greater preparedness [26/07/2017 - Australia]
- Business News : FRCA rewards whistle-blower $250,000 [26/07/2017 - Fiji]
- News : PNG Parliament to convene next Friday [26/07/2017 - Papua New Guinea]
- News : No women MPs to sit in next PNG parliament [26/07/2017 - Papua New Guinea]
- News : Taiwan President calls for Tuvalu's ongoing support for UNFCCC bid [26/07/2017 - Taiwan]
- News : SPC to set up Pacific Oceans Science Centre [25/07/2017 - New Caledonia]
- News Feature : Pacific Community launches inaugural newsletter [25/07/2017 - New Caledonia]
- Business News : Cultural clash over medicinal kava [25/07/2017 - New Zealand]
- Business News : Tourism, a key economic driver for Least Developed Countries [25/07/2017 - Fiji]
- News : Attempt by SPC to raise staff salaries by two percent failed to reach consensus [25/07/2017 - New Caledonia]
- Sponsored : Oceania National Olympic Committees (ONOC)
The pledge by the United States Secretary of the Interior that the Obama administration will sign onto a Majuro declaration calling for aggressive action to combat climate change is "a major accomplishment," said Marshall Islands Minister Tony deBrum.
The declaration was endorsed last Thursday in Majuro by leaders from 15 independent Pacific nations meeting at the annual Pacific Islands Forum summit.
At a Post-Forum Dialogue session with more than a dozen nations participating, including the U.S., China, Japan and the European Union, U.S. Interior Secretary Sally Jewell announced new climate-change funding for Pacific islands vulnerable to sea-level rise and promised President Obama's recently issued climate-action plan would be linked to the Forum's "Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership."
"I wanted to kiss the secretary of the Interior when she said that," deBrum said Saturday. "This is a major, major accomplishment.
It will serve to convince those who are not convinced yet that it is a good thing to sign onto."
DeBrum's praise of Jewell came just days after Foreign Minister Phillip Muller was quoted by a wire service saying the Obama administration's choice of Jewell to head its delegation to Majuro was "very disappointing," and added: "When you send a secretary of the Interior, that's the person who manages the internal affairs of another country. For us, that is a slap in the face."
During Jewell's brief one-day visit to Majuro, Marshall Islands President Christopher Loeak joined Jewell for a series of meetings and appeared at her media conference to recognize U.S. government support on climate change.
DeBrum said it is not only the United States supporting the Majuro climate-action initiative. Support for the declaration was declared by England, Indonesia, S. Korea, Thailand, the EU, France, and Malaysia.
"It's a good start," deBrum said.
The Majuro declaration is something we very much welcome," said U.K. Minister of State Hugo Swire, who attended the summit in Majuro. "We were the first non-Pacific island country to endorse it."
His first visit to an atoll increased his recognition of the threat of sea-level rise. "When you come here and see the highest point on the atoll is a bridge about three meters above sea level, that brings it home pretty quickly," Swire said.
DeBrum described the declaration as "a living document that people can sign onto." It is to be presented as "the Pacific's gift" to United Nations Secretary Ban Ki-moon during the opening of the General Assembly in late September by President Loeak, who is now chairman of the Pacific Islands Forum.
DeBrum acknowledged that closer to home, Australia and New Zealand climate actions are not in line with the needs of small islands in danger of being swamped by rising seas that are seeking major cuts in greenhouse-gas emissions by polluting nations.
Noting Australia's national election this past Saturday, deBrum said the islands will continue talking with the Australia government so that when it "becomes comfortable about signing on, they can do so."
He was critical of New Zealand's recent backtracking on emissions cuts from 15 to five percent, saying he hoped New Zealand "can improve on its measly five percent and come up with something more worthy of praise."
DeBrum said Pacific leaders remain hopeful New Zealand will take more aggressive action against climate change.
Jewell said her government is launching a new Pacific American climate fund to be administered by USAID to support small Pacific island developing states to focus on adaptation. In addition, Jewell said USAID is offering US$24 million over five years for coastal adaption projects to "build resiliency of vulnerable coastal communities" in the Pacific.
"Climate change is the defining challenge of our time," she said.
"It's going to have wide ranging impacts all over our globe and that's something that we are already seeing, particularly here as I flew into the airport and saw the sandbags from the last time the water inundated the runway (in Majuro)."
Jewell, who was making her first visit to the Marshall Islands, told Forum leaders that the Obama administration, "stands with our Pacific island friends in the fight against climate change."
News feature
Pacific Islands News Association
Who & What is PINA?
Member Countries
Media Freedom
PINA Convention
Communications Initiative
International News Safety Institute (INSI)
Media Helping Media


text:
Start here and read the whole thing.
hi guys, i just got a new mobile tablet pc today, and the first thing i did with it was to see how well my backtrack 4 live usb worked with it. everything works great, and i'm even posting here from it.
my only problem is that some of the windows hang off the bottom of the screen, and i can not resize them. for example, on the install screen, i cannot click 'ok' or 'next' buttons because they're not on the screen. I've tried resizing them, and it works horizontaly, but i cannot shrink it vertically.
any suggestions?
Start here and read the whole thing.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
public class DbGroupAdmin extends Object
ReplicationGroupAdmin in a convenient command line utility. For example, it
can be used to display replication group information, or to remove a node
from the replication group.
Note: This utility does not handle security and authorization. It is left to the user to ensure that the utility is invoked with proper authorization.
main(java.lang.String...) for a full description of the command line
|Constructor and Description
DbGroupAdmin(String groupName,
Set<InetSocketAddress> helperSockets)
Create a DbGroupAdmin instance for programmatic use.
|Modifier and Type
|Method and Description
Display group information.
static void
main(String... args)
removeMember(String name)
Remove a node from the replication group.
transferMaster(String nodeList,
String timeout)
Transfers the master role from the current master to one of the electable replicas specified in the argument list.
updateAddress(String nodeName,
String newHostName,
int newPort)
Update the network address for a specified node.
public DbGroupAdmin(String groupName, Set<InetSocketAddress> helperSockets)
groupName - replication group name
helperSockets - set of host and port pairs for group members which
can be queried to obtain group information.
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception
java {com.sleepycat.je.rep.util.DbGroupAdmin | -jar je-<version>.jar DbGroupAdmin} -groupName <group name> # name of replication group -helperHosts <host:port> # identifier for one or more members # of the replication group which can be # contacted for group information, in # this format: # hostname[:port][,hostname[:port]]* -dumpGroup # dump group information -removeMember <node name># node to be removed -updateAddress <node name> <new host:port> # update the network address for a specified # node. The node should not be alive when # updating address -transferMaster [-force] <node1,node2,...> <timeout> # transfer master role to one of the # specified nodes.
public void dumpGroup()
public void removeMember(String name)
Secondary nodes cannot be removed; they
automatically leave the group when they are shut down or become
disconnected from the master.
name - name of the node to be removed
public void updateAddress(String nodeName, String newHostName, int newPort)
ReplicationGroupAdmin.updateAddress(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int) for more information.
The address of a
NodeType.SECONDARY node cannot be updated
with this method, since nodes must be members but not alive to be
updated, and secondary nodes are not members when they are not alive.
To change the address of a secondary node, restart the node with the
updated address.
nodeName - the name of the node whose address will be updated
newHostName - the new host name of the node
newPort - the new port number of the node
public void transferMaster(String nodeList, String timeout)
nodeList - comma-separated list of nodes
timeout - in
same form as accepted by duration config params
ReplicatedEnvironment.transferMaster(java.util.Set<java.lang.String>, int, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit)
Copyright (c) 2002, 2017 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


text:
Regular Price:
Special Price
* indicates a required field
Let's bounce! With plenty of movement and texture, our Bounce range is exactly as it sounds - full of bounce. Totally steal-worthy, this Bounce Tee will quickly become your new transeasonal favourite. Whether it's for popping on over jeans and under a coat on chilly days or wearing with a skirt and tights, this crew neck tee is perfect for both. Featuring a sightly relaxed fit, rolled sleeves and a slightly curved hem, it's an effortless essential that actually says "effort made."
Standard shipping is free for all orders over $30. A $9 standard shipping rate applies to order under $30. Please allow 4 - 7 business days to be delivered. View all shipping details
Unfortunately we do not accept returns for change of mind on products from the Bonds Outlet website.View returns policy
We recommend you wash your garment before you wear it. Each garment label will provide the specific material and care instructions for your guidance, so please make sure you check these.
Free delivery australia-wide on all orders over $30
Paypal, Mastercard, Visa & American Express simple & secure shopping


text:
Fish & Game offers winter swan tours
November 15, 2012
The Department of Fish and Game (DFG) now offers swan tours near Marysville. They began Nov. 3 and will run through Feb. 2. Co-hosted by local rice farmers, the tours will focus on tundra swans in one of the premier locations for viewing swans in California..
Novice birdwatchers should enjoy the naturalist-led tours. Binoculars will be available.
Ducks, geese, shorebirds, herons, egrets and raptors, including bald eagles, are also commonly seen in this area, which contains 23,000 acres of rice fields and restored wetland habitat.
Tours will take place Saturdays from 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. and from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. The driving tours involve walking a short distance.
Pre-registration is required at http://www.dfg.ca.gov/regions/2/SwanTours. Up to 30 people may register for each tour. The tours are free, but registrants may make a donation online to the California Wildlife Foundation to support this program.
The swan tours are part of DFG's wildlife viewing services program, which includes similar outdoors opportunities at Gray Lodge Wildlife Area, Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, Isenberg Crane Reserve and North Table Mountain Ecological Reserve.
For information, please call (916) 358-2852.
Recommended Stories For You
Trending In: Activities and Events
Trending Sitewide
- Nevada County Police Blotter: Naked man walks into business and proposes to employee
- Fire devastates Burgee Dave's at The Mayo in Camptonville
- 'Family of the year': Fowlers honored by the Nevada County Fair
- Man convicted of making lewd acts toward a child, seeks new trial
- Nevada County marijuana community advisory group learns about state pot laws


text:
One of the basic attitudes a Muslim tries to embody is that obedience to Allah (swt) is a blessing from Allah (swt). We are not doing any favors to Allah by obeying Him; rather, we are honored by being allowed to be in His obedience. Feeling arrogant in our obedience is a trick of Shaitan, from which we ask protection.Sometimes I wonder, however, if we carry this attitude to other things beyond acts of obedience – praying, fasting… you know, the Islamic and religious "stuff." Do we carry this … [Read more...]
The Luxury of Choice
March 27, 2012 by Leave a Comment


text:
Robert Pattinson: I Love My…Messy Hair
Robert Pattinson, star of the upcoming flick Twilight, has reached a level of stardom (practically overnight) that most A-list actors achieve only after years of hard work.
This Hollywood phenomenon has acquired a devoted female fanbase that has rapidly climbed to an astounding high.
So what is it about Robert that makes him such a ladies' man? Those smoldering eyes? That mouthwatering pucker? Or maybe it's that mess of a hairdo!
Robert's tousled hair thing rises above the slightly rumpled norm of a typical Hollywood hottie. Girls everywhere across the Internet are preferring the rugged look that Robert is master of.
The Twilight star is bent on keeping his fans pleased! He never goes anywhere with even one hair in place!
Check out the gallery to see Robert looking amazingly and wonderfully messy!


text:
ADT Euclid OH
ADT Home Security Systems in Euclid, Ohio
ADT 24/7 monitoring services will keep watch of your home and notify the authorities in event of an emergency. It's that easy to help protect the things and people you love most. Find the system and services that are right for you and your family, call today. ADT Security has been in the business of providing industry-leading monitored home security. Call today for a free security review of your house and convenient credit plans. You deserve the best, with ADT Home Security you can expect the best.
Customer Monitoring Centers are operated with trained security experts who monitor your home or business 24 hours every day. Your home security alarm system fully installed and activated in as little as 24 hours. Your alarm connections to ADT's Alarm Monitoring Centers for fast alarm response. Call now to begin and learn about how ADT Security can meet your individual needs. 24/7 monitoring notifies the resident and alerts authorities. Home burglar alarms and yard signs save you money and give you a higher peace of mind. Without the right home security system in place, you never feel safe. Regardless where you live, people will find a way to get in.
Educate your neighborhood friends, the ideal line of defense is a strong offense. You can help protect your family with ADT Home Security Alarm systems monitoring. Ensure their protection by setting up an ADT Monitored System in your household today. Once you sign up for an ADT Monitored Security System, you can choose from various invoicing plans. Call ADT today to buy an ADT Monitored Home Security System and get security 24 hours a day. Make sure your home is protected from burglars, fires and smoke. Review the features and compare ADT regarding the devices, dealers, installation, and prices. This system and service simply cannot be compared to a cheap DIY system.
ADT Security Euclid, OH – Order ADT Home Alarm Systems in Euclid Ohio
An ADT monitor is 7 times more sensitive than a baby monitor. Two way voice is crucial since over half of deaths happen right in the home. Fast response, professional installation, and the 3 famous ADT guarantees are the main reasons customers choose ADT. You Can Get Affordable Home Monitoring from a trusted company which provides the best equipment and service. You can enjoy this protection for yourself and your family, by calling today. Other equipment like deadbolts and exterior lights should be added for even more protection. Deals on equipment and low monthly fees make ADT home and commercial monitored security systems a great bargain. Residential and commercial customers can get great deals when they switch from competitors.
Your family needs protection so does your property, home, cars and pets. Find great deals on equipment when you call today and receive a free risk assessment of your building or home. For commercial and home security monitoring, ADT provides the most robust protection in the country. ADT is always ready and equipped to help handle any emergency you may have in your home. For only a few dollars more ADT's most popular monitoring package featuring two-way voice take a look at our services. ADT monitored home security equipment is easy to operate, especially with the wireless key chain remote. ADT will provide customers with their two-way voice package, a special feature that's useful in homes with disabled or elderly.
Proper signage is a strong deterrent as ADT security systems mean fully-monitored. ADT allows you to keep your house protected without constantly being concerned about setting the alarm off. ADT has been in business since 1874 drawing on over 130 years of continuous innovation. There are many packages available for around $1 per day, less than a cup of premium coffee. ADT may pay out your insurance deductible if your home does experience a theft and your alarm is on. Make the right decision secure your family, home and possessions. You feel better knowing your loved ones and possessions are protected from theft and fire using ADT. Contact us today to take the first step in ordering an ADT alarm system.


text:
This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Catastrophic chemical or radiological events can cause thousands of casualties. Such disasters require triage procedures to identify the development of health consequences requiring medical intervention. Our objective is to analyze recent advancements in biotechnology for triage in mass emergency situations. In addition to identifying persons "at risk" of developing health problems, these technologies can aid in securing the unaffected or "worried well". We also highlight the need for public/private partnerships to engage in some of the underpinning sciences, such as patho-physiological mechanisms of chemical and radiological hazards, and for the necessary investment in the development of rapid assessment tools through identification of biochemical, molecular, and genetic biomarkers to predict health effects. For chemical agents, biomarkers of neurotoxicity, lung damage, and clinical and epidemiological databases are needed to assess acute and chronic effects of exposures. For radiological exposures, development of rapid, sensitive biomarkers using advanced biotechnologies are needed to sort exposed persons at risk of life-threatening effects from persons with long-term risk or no risk. The final implementation of rapid and portable diagnostics tools suitable for emergency care providers to guide triage and medical countermeasures use will need public support, since commercial incentives are lacking.
A catastrophic event, involving chemical and/or radiological compounds or devices, may cause mass casualties in the order of several thousand. In the case of individual exposures, any number of resources can be utilized to diagnose and treat a patient (
Conceptual flow chart for exposure assessment of mass casualties.
This review evolves in part from the project Mass casualties and Health care following the release of toxic chemicals or radioactive material, (MASH) supported by Directorate General for Health issues of the European Union, DG Sanco. It summarizes and comments on methods and tools made available from recent advancements in biotechnology to triage mass emergency situations following exposure to toxic chemicals and/or to dangerous radioactive material. Current methods for early diagnostics and exposure assessment are summarized giving particular attention to those methods able to indicate probable health consequences, latent effects, and/or the need for medical treatments. A horizon scan into the fields of molecular diagnostics, proteomics and genomics will are also be made, highlighting particularly promising developments that should be of critical value to the mass emergency situation. The use of electronic, standardized medical algorithms to support medical personnel in the triage situation is reviewed.
Threat scenarios involving chemicals include the deliberate release of illegally obtained or manufactured chemical warfare agents, the release of purchased or stolen industrial chemicals, and attacks on chemical manufacturing plants, storage sites, or transport vehicles. Moreover, the potential also exists for the malicious use of chemicals to contaminate food or water sources. In the same manner as described for toxic chemicals, radioactive materials may also be used for malicious purposes.
Several industrial accidents causing many casualties highlight the potential impact of a terrorist attack on chemical storage sites or transport vehicles. In 1984, a methyl isocyanate leak at a Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, killed as many as 5,000 people and injured more than 14,000 [
The number and variety of different chemicals that pose a health risk to civilian populations is daunting. Terrorists could use any of the traditional chemical warfare agents, ranging from nerve gas and cyanide to pulmonary and vesicating (blister-causing) agents. Whether we like it or not, we must accept the existence of and the risk of chemical warfare agents (CWA) use against the society. The world received a shocking reminder of the potential impact of terrorist use of chemical weapons when the Aum-Shinrikyo sect synthesized the organophosphate sarin and deployed it against civilian targets in Japan 1994 and 1995 [
Radiological accidents that exemplify the potential impact of a local dispersion of radioactive materials also exist. The 1987 Goiânia accident in Brazil took the lives of four persons with acute radiation sickness and contaminated several hundred persons. More than 100 persons of the 112,000 screened were also internally contaminated [
However, a recent radiological accident in Western Delhi (India) involved unshielded cobalt-60 source [
The term biotechnology describes practical applications of the life sciences, ranging from medicine and agriculture to bio-inspired materials. The biotechnology industry grew very rapidly during the 1990s. Part of the reason for this rapid growth was the integration of the life sciences with other enabling technologies such as computers and analytical chemistry by the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Due to the announcement in 1999 that the human genome had been sequenced, a new era of biotechnology known as "genomics" was ushered into research and development. In this report we discuss some prerequisites for the implementation of modern biotechnology diagnostics:
Rapid diagnostic tests must be reliable and easily used in mass casualty situations.
Immediate as well as long-term effects of exposure to chemicals and radiation must be understood.
Genomics is a powerful tool to study human genetic variation, which could help identify individual resistance and susceptibility to diseases and responsiveness to medical treatment options. The field includes intensive efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping efforts. In contrast, the investigation of the roles and functions of single genes is a primary focused of molecular biology or genetics and is a common topic of modern medical and biological research [
Transcriptomics is the branch of molecular biology that deals with the study of messenger RNA molecules produced in an individual or in a population of a particular cell type. Various methods for reducing the likelihood of false positives or negatives, and new computational approaches are continually being developed. Computer software is commercially available that can perform many of the calculations and data manipulations needed for microarray data analysis [
Proteomics is the large-scale study of peptides and proteins, particularly their structures and functions. During recent years, modern high throughput mass spectrometry (MS) together with powerful computational bioinformatics and biostatistics efforts has significantly expanded the capability and impact of proteomics. Many biomedical industrial analysts predict that proteomics will yield additional practical applications, such as drug targets and biomarkers. Ongoing research and development is aimed at further increasing the throughput of proteomics methods [
Metabolomics is the "systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind"—specifically, the study of their small-molecule metabolite profiles. Since metabolites are the products and by-products of many biosynthetic and catabolic pathways, metabolomics is now applied to disease diagnosis. Furthermore, it also includes the identification of drugs or chemical exposures [
Bioinformatics is the application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology [
A biosensor is a device for the detection of an analyte that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector component. The fields of application for biosensors include high throughput screening of pharmaceuticals and the possibility of portable sensors for chemical or other hazards or pathogens [
Biomonitoring is a valuable tool for assessing human exposures to chemical contaminants in the environment. Biomonitoring tests can be divided into biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility. In studies of community exposure to an environmental contaminant, biomarkers of exposure are most often used. The ideal biomarker should be sensitive, specific, biologically relevant, practical, inexpensive, and readily available. Seldom does a biomarker meet all of these criteria, and most biomarkers represent a compromise. In designing a community exposure study, consideration should also be given to the selection of the test population, the practicality of collecting biological samples, temporal or seasonal variations in exposure, the availability of background comparison ranges, and interpretation of the test results. Biomonitoring tests provide unequivocal evidence of exposure, but they do not typically identify the source of exposure. Furthermore, rarely do the test results predict a health outcome. For many chemicals, testing must be conducted soon after exposure has occurred. In spite of these limitations, the use of biomonitoring is finding wider application in many scientific disciplines. Recent advances in analytical techniques are expanding the utility of biomarker testing in public health investigations [
Biological indicators or biomarkers generally include biochemical, molecular, genetic, immunologic, or physiological signals of events in biological systems. The events are depicted as a flow chart between an external exposure to a chemical and resulting clinical effects [
The endpoint of biological monitoring is often referred to as a biomarker, defined as "a change induced by a contaminant in the biochemical or cellular components of a process, structure or function that can be measured in a biological system" [
Simplified flow chart of classes of biomarkers [
Biomarkers of exposure have been defined as "a chemical or its metabolite, or the product of an interaction between a chemical and some target molecule or cell that is measured in an organism" [
It is generally assumed, that the longer the half-life of a marker, the better it can be correlated with effects resulting from chronic, long-term, low-level exposure to cumulative toxicants. When investigating possible exposure of toxic compounds, the choice of biomarker should depend on how long after suspected exposure the sampling was performed.
Relevance and stability are perhaps the most important properties making a biomarker suitable for field applications. In this respect, the concentration of the parent compound in biological media is generally preferable to that of metabolites, which can be shared with other substances. Metabolic specificity means that the metabolite is derived exclusively from the parent compound of interest. For some metabolites, the specificity is low since large amounts of these metabolites may be derived from other sources [
Therefore, provided that sampling strategies and storage procedures are carefully planned, the parent compound is usually better correlated with exposure as compared to its metabolites [
The calculated grade of binding to proteins (such as hemoglobin or albumin) or DNA (usually in lymphocytes) is useful as a biomarker, particularly when assessing exposure to genotoxic compounds, because it reflects the dose that has avoided detoxification and reached its target protein or DNA [
Albumin has a shorter life-time in blood (20–25 days) and these adducts will thus reflect more recent exposures. One advantage of albumin is that toxic compounds can directly react with this protein when reaching the blood without having to penetrate a cell membrane before forming an adduct [
Although macromolecule adducts seem like ideal biomarkers of effect, it should be mentioned that adduct measurements are difficult to perform and to standardize, and are limited to compounds or metabolites forming adducts.
A biomarkers of effect has been defined as "A measurable biochemical, physiologic, behavioral, or other alternation in an organism that, depending on the magnitude, can be recognized as associated with an established or possible health impairment or disease" [
Biomarkers of effect may be of value in hazard identification and dose-response assessment. In hazard identification, biomarkers may facilitate screening and/or identification of a toxic agent and characterization of the associated toxicity.
The lack of validation of most biomarkers of intermediate effect is probably the most common argument against broad use of biomarkers in risk assessment. However, efforts to validate biomarkers are rapidly generating a large amount of data measuring intermediate effects occurring after exposure and before illness. Therefore, they should identify early and reversible biochemical events that may also be predictive of later response [
Unfortunately, the mechanism of action of many toxic chemicals is unknown at present. Furthermore, there are individual variations in the response to equivalent doses of chemicals. While the outcome of a chemical insult in an individual may be predicted more accurately from biomarkers of effect(s), such biomarkers may not be specific for a single causative agent. Nevertheless, many biomarkers of effect are used in everyday practice to assist in clinical diagnosis. Therefore, most biomarkers of effect have been identified starting from clinical conditions, extrapolating backward to document changes or exposure preceding illness (e.g., early markers of nephrotoxicity that was discovered in the clinic). However, clinical alterations can hardly be interpreted in terms of toxicity in the absence of experimental models, providing some mechanistic clues. Therefore, numerous experimental animal and cellular studies have contributed to the attempts to identify new biomarkers of effect.
Prospective epidemiological studies are also often used for validation of the effect of biomarkers. This type of study provides estimates of the risk of disease of individuals using monitoring of particular biomarkers. Such a strategy is suitable when the outcome is relatively frequent, and the measured biomarker is inexpensive and readily available, e.g., serum cholesterol in cardiovascular disease [
An individual's susceptibility to environmentally mediated disease may arise from genetic causes or from non-genetic factors such as age, concomitant disease state, diet, or dietary supplementation.
Genetic polymorphisms may be markers of susceptibility. The rapid advances of the
New technologies such as microchip arrays allow researchers to explore patterns of gene expression. In the face of this burgeoning information and data being gathered by the National Institutes of Health and in other databases, the challenge for researchers interested in environmentally mediated disease or risk assessment is to understand the functionality of genetic polymorphisms and to relate this to disease. We may gain this understanding in humans, particularly by relating laboratory, clinical, and epidemiologic findings. To date, most genetic susceptibility studies have looked at cancers as an end point, although research on other diseases such as asthma is beginning to grow. As our understanding of functionality grows, so will our need for understanding of the ethical implications of our knowledge to individuals and society [
Human Biological Monitoring (HBM) has long been used in occupational health as part of a preventive strategy in the medical surveillance of workers. Currently it is increasingly used as a tool in environmental health policy. More than the classical environmental measurements, pollution gets personal [
Besides its strong points, HBM clearly has its limitations, including challenging logistical problems and important ethical concerns. Test results are often poorly related to possible health outcomes. They provide only a snapshot of substances present in the body at a single point in time and do not provide information about the source or history of exposure. A long delay may also exist between the availability of test results, the identification of the impact on health and the prospect for measures [
The future success depends on a twofold approach: thorough evaluation of the biomarkers that have been found to be useful in various settings [
Example of chemicals, biomarkers of exposure and health effects.
|Health effects
|Red blood cell or serum cholinesterase EEG changes
|Whole blood
|Diffuse muscle cramping, runny nose, difficulty breathing, eye pain, dimming of vision, sweating, muscle tremors, loss of consciousness, seizures, flaccid paralysis.
|Cyanide or thiocyanate
|Blood or urine
|Giddiness, palpations, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headache, eye irritation, increase in rate and depth of breathing (hyperventilation), drowsiness, loss of consciousness, convulsions and death.
|Burning, itching, red skin, mucosal irritation, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting
|Urine, respiratory secretions, serum, and direct tissue
|Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, chest tightness, coughing, weakness, nausea, fever
|Benzene, Phenol
|Blood, exhaled air, urine
|Confusion, sleepiness, rapid pulse, loss of consciousness, anemia, damage to the nervous system, suppression of the immune system, carcinogenic, death
|Hematologic biomarkers of coagulation and inflammation.
|Tissue hypoxia, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, blurred vision, cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, cardiac arrest, hypotension, respiratory arrest, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, seizures, and coma.
|Nitrate, pentane
|Urine, breath
|Wheezing, coughing, colds, flu and bronchitis
|Lung function changes, life-threatening
|PAH metabolites
|Pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, and dermatologic systems, carcinogenic
|VOC's or metabolites
|Breath, blood, urine
|Allergic sensitization or asthmatic symptoms, carcinogenic
Examples of radiation biomarker assays and exposure assessment methods.
|Dose range (Gy)
|Induction time
|Speed of analysis
|Field amenable
|Automation potential
|Several months
|2+ days
|3+ days
|Several months
|3+ days,
|Several months
|2+ days
|Variable, ~0.2–5
|Variable Hours–days
|Variable Hours—days
|<1 day
|Variable, ~0.5–20+
|Variable Hours–days
|Variable Hours—days
|<1 day
|Up to 2 weeks
|<1 day
* Bioassay refers to analyzing radionuclides from internal contamination in biological materials and estimation of resulting absorbed dose. ND indicates that a value has not been determined and NA is not applicable.
Many toxic chemicals can damage the respiratory airways, with potentially life-threatening effects. Ammonia, various alkalis (e.g., bleach and sodium hydroxide), hydrochloric and sulfuric acid, vesicants (e.g., sulfur mustard) and other corrosive agents affect the upper airways, the portion of the respiratory tract that begins at the mouth and nose and ends at the larynx (voice box). Inhalation of these chemicals can cause acute inflammation, painful ulcerations, increased secretions, and difficulties in breathing and swallowing. Secondary bacterial infections may further exacerbate the initial injury. Damage to the upper airway can lead to respiratory failure and death. Exposure can also lead to long-term health problems. For example, chronic respiratory problems, such as scarring and narrowing of the trachea, have been observed in Iranians exposed to sulfur mustard during the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s (vesicating chemicals will be discussed in more detail in the section entitled "Chemicals Affecting the Skin, Eyes, and Mucous Membranes").
Some industrial chemicals, including ammonia, chlorine, phosgene, and per-fluoro-isobutylene (PFIB) can cause lower respiratory tract injuries, particularly life-threatening pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema—the leakage of fluid into the lungs—prevents oxygen delivery to the blood, ultimately preventing oxygen from reaching the brain, kidneys, and other organs. Symptoms may be immediate or delayed; chlorine causes immediate airway irritation and pain, whereas phosgene exposure may not be evident for 24 to 48 hours [
Current diagnostic capabilities are limited. Exposure to chlorine, phosgene, or any of the major alkalis is determined based on clinical signs and symptoms. No screening tests are available to identify individuals exposed to low levels of chemicals.
Mechanistic studies may also aid in the development of new diagnostic approaches. Some chemicals generate metabolic byproducts that could be used for diagnosis, but detection of these byproducts may not be possible until many hours after initial exposure. Additional research needs to be directed at developing sensitive and specific tests to identify individuals quickly after they have been exposed to varying levels of chemicals toxic to the respiratory tract.
One way to approach the diagnostic problems is by development of lung-specific biomarkers. When the integrity of the lung epithelium is broken, lung-specific proteins may leak into the blood circulation. The appearance of such proteins in peripheral blood may indicate lung injury. Clara cell protein 16 and lung surfactant D are two proteins that are produced predominantly in the lungs and therefore have been proposed as biomarkers of public health lung diseases.
Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) is a protein which is secreted in large amounts at the surface of airways from where it leaks into the serum, most likely by passive diffusion. It acts as an immunosuppressant and provides protection against oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. The serum concentration of CC16 is a new sensitive marker to detect an increased permeability of the epithelial barrier, which is one of the earliest signs of lung injury. It has been detected in a variety of both clinical and experimental situations such as exposure to smoke, chlorine, lipopolysaccharides and ozone and is indeed a promising biomarker for this area of research. It is important though to consider that serum levels of CC16 are not specific to one agent, disease state or exposure—it is merely an indication of lung injury [
Surface protein D (SPD) is a large, multimeric protein produced mainly by cells of the lungs. It plays an important role in innate immunity and in host defense responses. Over-expression of SPD has been associated with chronic inflammatory conditions such as asthma and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [
When exposed to chemical agents it is very likely that the lungs are affected. Inhalation of toxic substances can cause serious injuries both in the acute phase but can also cause chronic damages. It is therefore very important to quickly be able to evaluate the severity of the damage in order to treat it correctly. Common markers for inflammation are cytokines in lung tissue, lavage fluid or serum. By a simple blood sample it is possible to run an assay (ELISA or Bioplex) which gives information on which cytokine levels that are elevated and the inflammation can be treated and monitored over time.
The collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a simple and non-invasive technique to measure mediators of airway inflammation. It is portable which makes it good for field studies [
One of the current limitations of EBC measurements is the low concentration of many biomarkers which makes it difficult to perform measurements. It is likely that even more sensitive assays will be able as more potent antibodies are developed and new molecular techniques are introduced [
Proteomics, which applies high resolution gel electrophoresis or mass spectrometry (MS) to detect multiple proteins in biological samples, may also be useful to analyze the proteins in EBC.
Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is a reliable marker of airway inflammation. The measurement is easy to perform and the result is immediately available. Increased levels of eNO have been measured in patients with respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD. Therefore it is believed that eNO could be used as a noninvasive biomarker of respiratory inflammation [
Vesicating agents such as sulfur mustard, nitrogen mustard, lewisite, and caustic industrial chemicals can cause severe blistering and burns to the eyes, mucous membranes, skin, and upper airways, as well as chronic eye inflammation and blindness. The eyes are the organs most sensitive to these chemicals. Vesicants may also affect other parts of the body, including the respiratory tract, immune system, and bone marrow. Sulfur mustard can cause tissue damage within minutes of exposure. Physical injury from other vesicating agents may not be evident for several hours and may result in delayed recognition of exposure [
The immediate symptoms of exposure to one of these chemicals includes: coughing followed by difficulty breathing/shortness of breath and possibly fluid in lungs within 2–6 hours; burning sensation in the throat and eyes accompanied with watery eyes and blurred vision; nausea and vomiting and developing skin lesions.
The exposure may cause delayed effects even if the person has no clinical symptoms. These includes: difficulty with breathing and shortness of breath and coughing up white to pink-tinged fluid; low blood pressure; heart failure and chronic bronchitis.
At this time, diagnosis of vesicant injury is based on clinical signs and symptoms and the detection of specific agents in the environment. There are no clinical laboratory tests for sulfur mustard in blood or tissue. However, compounds such as thiodiglycol (TDG) are produced in the body after exposure to sulfur mustard and can be detected in blood, urine, and tissue. Analysis of these compounds requires the use of complex technologies such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
A variety of chemicals are known to affect the nervous system. Some directly target neural signaling pathways. These include the classic nerve agents (e.g., sarin, soman, tabun, and VX) [
Neurological symptoms depend on the type of chemical, the level of exposure, and the time elapsed following exposure. Exposure to nerve agents, metabolic poisons, or high levels of sulfur mustard can trigger seizures and loss of consciousness. Other acute effects of nerve agent poisoning include muscle paralysis, cardio respiratory depression, and massive secretion from mucous membranes, eye irritation (miosis), and blurry or dim vision. Other acute effects of exposure to high doses of sulfur mustard include behavioral effects and cognitive difficulties. Nerve agents and metabolic poisons also appear to have serious long-term neurological effects, including neuronal degeneration, but these have not been studied extensively.
The physical states of chemicals that affect the nervous system are an important determinant of the requirements for developing effective countermeasures. Although some chemicals that affect the nervous system exist primarily in the form of a vapor (e.g., hydrogen cyanide), others are oily liquids that are very difficult to remove from the environment and extremely toxic even at miniscule levels (e.g., VX). For these persistent agents, it would be ideal to have pretreatments with long-lasting protective effects that can be administered in advance of possible exposure to personnel who must enter contaminated sites.
Diagnosis following an acute exposure to a nerve agent is generally based on clinical observations of specific symptoms. Environmental sensors may provide valuable information on probable chemical exposure. One of the greatest challenges in diagnosis is determining whether an individual exposed to a nerve agent is experiencing chemically induced seizure activity in the absence of visible convulsions, since the chemicals that trigger seizures may also cause unconsciousness or paralysis. Sustained seizure activity that is uncontrolled can result in permanent brain injury and death. The standard test for seizure activity involves placing electrodes on the scalp to record electrical activity in the brain using electroencephalography (EEG). Such devices are not portable and have limited practical value in evaluating patients in a mass casualty situation.
Evaluation of saliva can yield information on chemical exposure. Interest in saliva as a diagnostic medium has increased dramatically during the last decade, as saliva and other oral fluids have been shown to reflect systemic fluid levels of therapeutic, hormonal, immunological and toxicological molecules. Oral fluids have also been shown to contain biomarkers associated with infectious and neoplastic diseases. Similarly, the analysis of salivary fluids, like blood-based assays, yields useful diagnostic information for the assessment and monitoring of systemic health and disease states, exposure to environmental, occupational, and abusive substances, as well as for the early identification of harmful agents.
Using sophisticated mass spectrometry equipment, researchers have been able to identify breakdown products of a common pesticide in the saliva of rats exposed to known amounts of the pesticide. The researchers are working now to develop a simpler, portable microanalytical sensor system to quickly diagnose pesticide exposure in humans and a modeling method than can estimate the dose. Researchers say the technology could be adapted to test for a variety of contaminants, including chemical warfare agents. Researchers believe saliva monitoring may be able to detect a broad range of chemical contaminants from ongoing occupational exposure, accidents or even acts of war and terrorism [
The need for further research in salivary diagnostics, and advocate that oral fluid-based diagnostics have the potential to provide more accurate and less expensive diagnostic procedures than current methodologies available [
Nuclear and radiological scenarios can result in several different types of radiation exposures that range from external exposure to penetrating radiation (such as γ- and x-ray sources) to exposure from internalized radionuclides. The primary concern from α-emitting radionuclides is internal contamination since the range of the α-particle is very short and cannot penetrate the dead layer of the skin but can deliver a significant dose to tissues in the body if internalized. The range of β-particles is longer and dependent on the energy of the emission. If deposited on the skin, radiations burns can result from the energy deposited and absorbed in the skin and β-emitting radionuclides pose a significant health hazard if internalized. The impact of γ- or x-ray emitting nuclides, or penetrating radiation, depend on the activity of the source. High activity sources can result in cutaneous effects, which are often localized. Some dose can be received from internalized γ-emmitting nuclides, however, the primary concern in most scenarios is from high doses received externally.
A whole body, or significant partial body, external exposure to penetrating radiation (>1 Gy) delivered in a short time from,
The focus of this discussion is primarily on acute, high dose exposures from external sources and the acute effects observed after such exposures. However, it is important to note that other injuries and latent effects can occur from radiation exposure. In the case of internalized radionuclides, specific organ damage can occur to any organ in which the radionuclide accumulates in or is retained in. For example, α-emitting, insoluble plutonium and americium radionuclides can be retained in the lungs for a long time after inhalation exposure. Once incorporated into the body, they accumulate in the bone. Therefore, these nuclides can significantly impact pulmonary tissue, resulting pneumonitis or fibrosis, and the red bone marrow resulting in impaired hematopoietic function. Latent effects that can result from radiation exposures include cataract formation and increased cancer risk.
Specific symptoms, their onset and severity are highly dependent on absorbed radiation dose. Proliferating cells are most sensitive to radiation and hence exhibit acute effects. As such, hematopoietic stem cells and intestinal crypt cells are inherently sensitive and result in clinical effects that predominate in a predictable range of doses [
The neurovascular or cerebrovascular system will exhibit symptoms, the degree of which varies depending on the dose received. In fact, the onset of nausea and vomiting has been used to estimate dose and is well correlated. Fatigue, fever, headache, hypotension, as well as neurological and cognitive deficits can be observed [
Symptoms observed in from the gastrointestinal system include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and pain resulting from losses in the mucosal layer in the gut. Gastrointestinal syndrome occurs with doses in the range of 6–20 Gy due to death of the intestinal stem cells causing hemorrhaging. In this dose range, prompt onset of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea will be observed followed by recurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms after the latent phase. Sepsis can occur from gut flora leaking into the systemic circulation. Intestinal bleeding, electrolyte imbalance, and death may follow, usually in 8–10 days.
The hematopoietic system will exhibit in general an initial rise in some cells, followed by a decline. Lymphocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes are all affected. The depletion of neutrophils will result in increased susceptibility to infection while thrombocyte depletion can result in hemorrhaging. Hematopoietic syndrome occurs at whole body doses of 2–10 Gy due to bone marrow depression and is most strikingly characterized by lymphocyte depletion. Blood cell depletion kinetics can be used to indicate dose and facilitate prognosis. Many persons can survive ARS if treated with fluids, antibiotics, and blood products. If standard care is performed, death generally results only when there are no surviving stem cells in the red bone marrow.
The cutaneous system also exhibits effects after radiation exposure [
With successful treatment of high dose radiation exposure and ARS, late effects may be observed in other organs. For example, the lungs and kidneys exhibit damage months after the exposure due to chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis or necrosis. Some cases can result in multi-organ dysfunction and failure.
The appropriate treatment of radiation injury is highly dependent on accurate diagnosis and assessment. Current methods used for determining radiation dose include any physical dose estimates or reconstruction of the exposure, clinical signs and symptoms, blood cell kinetics, and cytogenetic biodosimetry. A simple system for using the collective diagnostic information to rapidly and reliably classify acute radiation injury for managing treatment, termed Radiation Injury Severity Classification (RISC), has been described [
Radiation assessment is only one part of the overall decision for treatment of an individual. Subsequently, all available knowledge concerning the affected persons(s) such as the existence of other injuries, age, health status, and dose will be used in determining eventual treatment and therapy.
The onset of clinical signs and symptoms can be reliably used to assess the extent of radiation dose (see
Signs and symptoms correlated with absorbed radiation dose [
|Onset of Symptom
|ARS/ Dose
|Medical care
|Mild (1–2 Gy)
|>2 hr
|Mod. (2–4 Gy)
|1–2 hr
|Severe (4–6 Gy)
|<1 hr
|Mild, 3–8 hr
|Mod., >24hr
|Special hosp.
|Very sev. (6–8 Gy)
|<30 min
|Heavy, 1–3 hr
|Severe, 3–4 hr
|Specialized hospital
|Lethal (>8 Gy)
|<10 min
|Heavy, <1 hr
|Palliative care
Since the hematopoietic system is one of the more sensitive organs to radiation, blood cells parameters can be valuable tools in estimating dose. However, the methods discussed again apply primarily to whole body exposures and assessments will not be valid for partial body exposures [
If initiated early, serial blood cell counts can provide a reasonable estimate of dose as well as an indication of the treatments needed and eventual prognosis. A specific pattern of blood cell changes may be observed in the first couple of weeks after exposure and can help to provide a clear picture of the hematological response [
The parameter most often used and recommended for aiding dose estimation is the kinetics of lymphocyte depletion. In the best case, complete blood cell counts with determination of the leukocyte differential are obtained immediately and followed up 2–3 times per day over the first week [
Utilization of additional hematological information (
The most established method used as a radiation biological dosimeter is cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations by the measure of dicentric aberrations in metaphases from blood lymphocytes (see
Dicentric chromosomes frequency expected in human lymphocytes resulting from different radiation doses [
|Dose Estimate
|Dicentrics in peripheral blood lymphocytes
|Per 50 cells (triage)
|Per 1000 cells
The dicentric assay is currently the gold standard in biodosimetry [
The dicentric assay is reliable only up to 5 Gy due to cell death and saturation of the dose response curve at higher doses [
Other cytogenetic methods include the micronucleus assay and analysis of stable translocations by fluorescence
In many cases, physical dose estimates are not available or will be only a rough estimate for a single individual involved in a large accident. However, when available and when time allows, physical dose reconstruction of dose may be very valuable since eventual prognosis concerning whole body radiation exposure is highly associated with the absorbed dose estimate. In some cases, dose reconstruction methods can be applied to estimate the partial body equivalent dose when partial body exposures have occurred or in cases where part of the body has been shielded. This greatly facilitates medical management decisions since shielding of the lung or essential parts of the bone marrow will greatly impact the chance of survival for an exposed individual.
Unfortunately, the methods described above are inadequate for the diagnostic evaluation of radiation exposure in a mass casualty scenario. None of the methods are suitably fast, high-throughput, or field amenable for use in the field for triage sorting and application for making emergency care decisions. However, several methods currently under development may be able to address this gap.
The γH2AX foci analysis is based on measurement of a histone-related protein that forms a variant form of H2A, which codes the DNA [
Gene expression signatures are also a potential alternative for radiation dose assessment. Microarrays embedded on chips for genomic profiling may afford a potentially fast and high-throughput technique. This procedure monitors the gene expression profile of cells that can detect 2–3 fold changes in gene expression between samples. The specific genes which expression changes following radiation exposure have been identified. Recent work suggests that the technique has potential applicability for dosimetry estimations [
Similar to gene expression profiling, proteomic and metabolomic profiling also hold promise as alternative methods for radiation dose assessment. To exploit current advances in the ability to monitor changes in protein expression to identify a biomarker radiation exposure, it is necessary to quantify the protein expression changes and relate them to dose or establish dose-dependent panel of such changes. A number of techniques are available to examine protein profiles including higher resolution surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS), [
An initial assessment is required to establish the necessary treatment protocol for injured patients involving radiation. Triage is performed so that patients may be sorted according to the urgency of care required. In mass casualty situations, patients are further sorted to optimally match patient needs to limited resources.
When radiation injury is encountered without other types of wounds, triage is focused on diagnosis and establishment of dose estimate. If any internal radiation contamination exists, decontamination and decorporation treatment should begin as early as possible since some nuclides can become lodged in tissues. The specific therapies for patients after a radiological accident are highly dependent on the dose and overall patient assessment. However, in general, the hematopoietic syndrome and resulting immune-suppression are the immediate priorities in treatment of radiation-only injuries. Treatment of hematopoietic syndrome involves predominately administration of fluids and antibiotics. The use of cytokines to stimulate hematopoietic cell proliferation has been proposed but must be initiated within the first 24–48 hours to be effective. At higher doses gastrointestinal effects can be observed but few treatment options exist for these effects. The final dose cut-off for effective treatment is in the dose range where eventual fibrosis of the lung will evolve (~10 Gy).
In many scenarios, radiation injury will be accompanied by burns, wounds, and trauma resulting from a blast. During the triage stage, all life threatening injuries should be prioritized and handled first. If a contamination is an issue after a patient is stabilized, decontamination and decorporation therapy can be considered. Thereafter, burns and wounds should be prioritized. If surgery is required, this should take place in the first two days after exposure. Establishment of radiation dose during this period will indicate the need for other measures such as supportive care and in some cases isolation. The prognosis of irradiated patients with combined injuries is much poorer than those with radiation alone. The changes in the traditional triage classification when combined with radiation are shown in
Triage categories for combined injuries dependent on radiation dose [
|Conventional triage category
|Changes in triage category with whole body radiation
|<1.5 Gy
|1.5–4.5 Gy
|>4.5 Gy
|Ambulatory monitoring
After an initial triage, patients should be sorted into treatment categories with patients having exposures less than 1 Gy not normally requiring further treatment and those with greater than 10 Gy receiving supportive and palliative care since fatal outcome is anticipated. In general, this stage of care is for patients that have received significant but non-lethal doses of radiation. Treatment actions in this phase generally address the symptoms resulting from hematopoietic syndrome.
Normally the presence of a contaminating radionuclide (a gamma and/or beta emitter) would be quickly identified, using portable radionuclide detectors handled by radiation safety officers. Individuals with observed external contamination would be quickly decontaminated by removal of clothes and washing. Internal contamination as assessed by portable detectors or whole body counting. Patient samples would be taken for urgent gamma spectrometry analysis at specialized laboratories (responses within hours to days). Selection of individuals for monitoring, including clinical follow-up and biological dosimetry, would be considered primarily for patients showing clinical symptoms indicative of "acute radiation syndrome". Responses to "classical" biodosimetry with dicentrics would take days to weeks. Dose action levels (upper and lower) regarding internal contamination would be considered, evaluating whether to initiate medical treatment to reduce doses (e.g., through reduced decorporation by decreased absorption and/or increased excretion; drugs like ferric ferrocyanide—"Prussian blue").
For individuals exposed to a sealed source of ionizing radiation,
Chemical or radiological mass casualties call for rapid and robust diagnostic technologies (
The intrinsic logistics of such development towards different diagnostic tools is simplified in the block diagram below.
These devices are basically analytical instruments calibrated and somewhat modified to better serve their intended medical purpose and to be a useful property of the advanced hospital laboratory. Diagnostic tools as indicated in the figure, refers to mass produced (
The present review deals with the prospect of and need for diagnostic or triage tools when handling mass casualty situations following the exposure to toxic chemicals or radiation. The development of diagnostic principles for radiation damage and/or signs of intoxication have been dealt with in parallel. Obviously, the support and need for diagnostic tools within such professions as nuclear medicine, hematology and oncology has been larger than the corresponding support for development of diagnostic tools for intoxication. Biomarkers and diagnostically useful methods have, therefore, been developed for the assessment of dose effects and radiation injuries. None of these methods have as yet become a candidate for triage tool development. The development of diagnostic tools for intoxication is lagging behind. There may have been less support and/or need for this development and, indeed, there are less professionals involved in issues of intoxications in a clinical setting,
This review underlines the relative maturity of the underpinning science,
The authors acknowledge the financial support of DG Sanco of the European Union. They also acknowledge the contribution of all partners to the MASH project,
The authors declare no conflict of interest.


text:
Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
Sympathy Between Humans (2005)
by Jodi Compton
No current Talk conversations about this book.
The heroine is a US police officer, and her husband is in prison (and is also a police officer.) The storyline is based around a previous murder.
She is isolated, and has noone. She becomes attached to a struck-off paralysed doctor (from which comes the eponymous Sympathy).
At the same time she is fighting being done for the base murder.
Loved it to the point of considering it for a keeper.
Sarah Pribek is a police detective with a very complicated life. Her husband, Mike Shiloh, is in jail in Wisconsin for stealing a car which he was going to use in the commission of a revenge murder of Shorty, a crook who'd raped and killed a friend's (and Sarah's former partner's) teenage daughter. Sarah herself is under suspicion of actually killing Shorty. She didn't do it, but she knows who did – her former partner Genevieve.
Despite not being the motherly type, Sarah has been awarded temporary guardianship of a family of five children whose famous author father is incapacitated by a stroke. Her first exposure to the family was when Marlinchen, the eldest daughter, came to Sarah to help her find her missing brother, who'd been given away by their father to a family friend in Georgia. The brother, Aidan, eventually shows up and the mystery around him grows stronger. The family is not what they seem and, the further she digs, the more dark secrets she uncovers.
Finally, she's asked to investigate an unlicensed physician operating out of the local housing projects. When she locates this person, instead of arresting him, she goes to him for treatment (since she has a fear of going to the doctor which was never really explained) and immediately begins an intense sexual relationship with him.
This story has some problems that I couldn't get past. Sarah seems to have no sense of right and wrong. She's totally willing to protect Genevieve, even at the risk of her career, yet completely writes off her husband Shiloh. Her involvement with the Hennessy family was far-fetched. The story line around Cicero is just not sensible.
Sarah Pribek is an interesting character and it seems Compton has the ability to write a suspenseful and intriguing series of books. I hope she pulls it all together with the next one.
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
Amazon.com Amazon.com Review (ISBN 0385337140, Hardcover)Sarah Pribek, a Minneapolis missing persons detective, is under suspicion. Investigated but not yet charged in the arson murder of the man who raped and killed her best friend's daughter, she's protecting the identity of the real perpetrator, even though a zealous prosecutor is closing in and threatening to indict her. With her husband in jail in Wisconsin for a crime related to the same case (only alluded to briefly here, but fully explicated in The 37th Hour, the first in the series featuring Pribek), the detective finds herself involved in two other assignments where the line between justice and the law is also murky. When the eldest daughter of reclusive novelist Hugh Hennessy enlists her aid in finding the twin brother mysteriously sent away by her father several years earlier, Sarah agrees to investigate, even though there's no indication that Aidan Hennessy left his last foster home except of his own volition, and as far as Sarah can detrermine, the 17-year-old has committed no crimes. When the elder Hennessy is felled by a stroke, Sarah finds herself appointed as temporary guardian of his children, at least until Marlinchen, the daughter, comes of age and can be appoointed their guardian and Hugh's conservator. And the more time Sarah spends with the family, the more certain she is that Aidan isn't who he and his siblings think he is, although she's reluctant to add to the family's travails by seeking the evidence to support her hunch.
She's just as hesitant to make an arrest in her other case--that of a charismatic quadriplegic suspected of practicing medicine illegally. Sarah's relationship with Cisco Ruiz is a complex one, and in the telling of it, Compton brings into sharp relief the moral quandaries that challenge her protagonist. This is a well-plotted mystery with characters who resonate in the reader's consciousness long after the last page is turned, intelligently plotted and deftly crfafted. --Jane Adams
(retrieved from Amazon Thu, 12 Mar 2015 18:13:42 -0400)
"On the streets of Minneapolis, Sarah has worked everything from vice to missing persons. But six months after the death of a small-town criminal in rural Minnesota, Sarah is still protecting the identity of a killer. And now a zealous D.A.'s investigator has come to town, determined to make an arrest. With her ex-partner half a world away and her husband in prison, only Sarah remains to face the consequences of last fall." "Surrounded by colleagues who know her to be the suspect in a murder, Sarah keeps her demons at bay by involving herself in the troubles of strangers. Seventeen-year-old Aidan Hennessy was banished from his family by his father. Now Aidan's twin sister is desperately searching for the brother she hasn't seen in years. Although the case is out of Sarah's jurisdiction, she sees a reflection of herself in the troubled, damaged family, and agrees to investigate." "As she probes into their tangled history, Sarah begins to realize that the mystery of the Hennessys runs deeper than it appears. Then Sarah's lieutenant gives her a simpler assignment: Track down a doctor rumored to be practicing medicine without a license in a housing project. But in Cicero Ruiz, Sarah finds a tough, wounded survivor whose moral code challenges her own ideas about justice ... and whose hard-won life would be destroyed by an arrest." "Now juggling two very different cases, both requiring a delicate balancing act between professional honor and personal feelings, Sarah soon has even more at stake. Caught up in a cat-and-mouse game with the investigator who wants to end her career, crossing one ethical line after another, Sarah increasingly fears that a misstep on her part will end not only in her disgrace, but in the death of one of those she has promised herself to protect."--BOOK JACKET.… (more)
Amazon Kindle (0 editions)
Audible (0 editions)
CD Audiobook (0 editions)
Project Gutenberg (0 editions)
Google Books — Loading...
Popular covers
Is this you?
Become a LibraryThing Author.


text:
Vegetable Wreath with Dip
Vegetables and dip are a staple at most holiday parties. For this appetizer, vegetables are cut into festive shapes and arranged into a wreath.
- 1 package (8 ounces) cream cheese, softened
- 1/4 cup mayonnaise
- 1/2 teaspoon chili powder
- 1/2 teaspoon dill weed
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 cup sliced green onions
- 1/4 cup chopped ripe olives, well drained
Vegetable Wreath
- 4 cups broccoli florets
- 1 medium green bell pepper, cut into strips
- 8 cherry tomatoes
- 1 medium jicama or turnip, peeled and cut into 1/4-inch-thick slices
- 1 medium red bell pepper
- 1
Make dip: Combine the cream cheese, mayonnaise, chili powder, dill weed and garlic powder in a small mixing bowl; mix well. Stir in onions and olives. Cover and refrigerate at least 2 hours.
- 2
Transfer dip to a serving bowl; place in the center of a 12-inch round serving plate.
- 3
Make vegetable wreath: Arrange broccoli, green bell pepper strips and tomatoes in a wreath shape around dip. Using a small star cookie cutter, cut out stars from jicama slices; place over wreath. Cut red bell pepper into 5 pieces that form the shape of a bow; position on wreath. Serves: 12
How to make it
Thanks! You're on our list.
And your life's about to get more interesting.


text:
Structure Fire Reported Wednesday on Robin Place
There is no word yet on what caused a reported structure fire in Toccoa Wednesday.
Fire crews were called to Robin Place in Toccoa Wednesday night in reference to a reported structure fire.
Robin Place is located off of Collins Road in Toccoa.


text:
Jordan Brand enters the luxury sneaker market with the Jordan Shine.
Not many play in this area, but those who do are quite familiar with luxury footwear houses like Rick Owen, Raf Simons, KrisVanAssche, Givenchy, Saint Laurent, Y-3, Margiela, Buscemi, Zanotti, Balenciaga, Lanvin etc... The list goes on and on. $400 US or better for pair of shoes. Jordan Brand has their eyes on the prize; and is ready to offer that customer something more. Rumored to be in Barneys and very few select doors, the Jordan Shine is set to release very soon. We shot these for ADDICT Bal Harbour.
Premium Woven Leathers on an Air Jordan I tooling. It's a start. Feel free to join the conversation on Twitter or IG.
Jordan Shine
689480 010
For a closer look at the red pair head on over to page 2.


text:
|Project by Chris Davis
|posted 11-25-2011 02:57 PM
|2391 views
|0 times favorited
|2 comments
This is a baseball bed that was completed in November 2011. It is one of my sports theme beds that has been modified a little with a Special Edition version. We special ordered bats form Louisville slugger that has the child's name on them. The scoreboard has a little more attention to it. We built it out of solid ash, to match the bat, and had the scoreboard info engraved in it. A set of six drawers under the bed provided a little extra storage. I've also put trundles under there.
The finish was just a clear to keep look of the bat. We highlighted the recesses in the headboard with black paint.
Building Pictures
Click on the picture to see more Building pictures
For more building pictures see my Current Projects link at wwbeds.com or poggyskids.com. See what we are doing live:
-- Watch live video from our shop. http://www.wwbeds.com/#!current-projects/c3c1
2 comments so far
#1 posted 11-25-2011 03:00 PM
The scoreboard has the Mets leading the Yankees in the bottom on the 9th. Two outs and a full count. Who should win this one?
-- Watch live video from our shop. http://www.wwbeds.com/#!current-projects/c3c1
#2 posted 11-26-2011 04:16 AM
Great looking Bed Chris. some little fella will enjoy it.
-- Mike, Bruce Mississippi = Jack of many trades master of none
Have your say...
You must be signed in to post the comments.


text:
Box Score
PHILADELPHIA - In a season of dramatic finishes, the Quakers added one more chapter, going five sets and a little extra to take down Columbia in a grueling victory on Friday night at the Palestra.
On the verge of victory at 14-10 in the final set, Penn let its lead slip away by dropping five consecutive points. Leading 15-14 the Lions went for the kill, setting up sophomore Megan Gaughn for the game winner. The point never materialized as Megan Tryon and Susan Stuecheli made a huge block in the middle to send the ball back to the far left corner of the court and tie the match at 15.
Off the serve Gaughn tried again, but was dug by Tryon. Madison Wojciechowski got to the ball and passed it off to Lauren Martin who fired home the kill. Now trailing 16-15, Gaughn got another chance but was denied, this time on a game-ending block by Swanson and Stuecheli.
Swanson was all over the place for the Quakers, who finished with the 25-20, 19-25, 23-25, 25-18, 17-15 comeback victory. The senior ended the night with 26 kills, a career-high 30 digs and six block assists. The 26 kills were one short of a career high, as were the six blocks. Stuecheli also came up big defensively, finishing with eight block assists and eight kills on offense.
Penn opened the match with a convincing 25-20 win in the first set. The Red and Blue used a 6-1 run midway through to grab a 16-9 advantage and didn't look back as the Lions were unable to get any closer than three.
The Quakers found themselves in a 7-1 hole to open the second. They tried to climb back but could never get any closer than five, dropping the set 25-19. Penn showed more resolve in the third, playing even with the Lions through the first 22 points. However, the Red and Blue were unable to take the lead, tying it again at 16 before dropping five straight put the set out of reach.
Needing a victory in the fourth, Penn broke open an 11-11 tie with four consecutive points. The Lions got back within three at 17-14, but the Quakers responded with four straight once again, putting the set out of reach and winning 25-18.
In the final set, the Red and Blue scored the first four. Columbia got back within one at 6-5 before a Swanson kill made it 7-5. Neither team could get an advantage until consecutive kills by Swanson put the Quakers up 14-10, setting up the late match drama.
Tryon had a superb all-around performance, finishing the evening with a season-high 62 assists and 13 digs. Wojciechowski was active defensively with 28 digs while freshman Dani Shepherd and junior Logan Johnson contributed 15 and 11 respectively. The 112 digs by the team is the most for the Quakers since they had 123 against Fairfield in 2007.
Penn also had a season-high 72 kills, with sophomores Amanda Pacheco and Martin joining Swanson in double figures with 12 and 16 apiece.
The win moves the Red and Blue's record to 12-10 overall and 8-2 in the Ivy League. With Princeton and Yale both winning tonight, all three teams all still tied with two league losses apiece. Princeton takes on Columbia on Saturday, while Yale hosts Harvard.
Columbia dropped to 6-5 in the Ancient Eight and was led by Gaughn, who finished with 16 kills on 68 attempts. Defensively, the Lions totaled 99 digs, with 24 coming from Katherine Keller.
The Quakers return to action Saturday when they take on Cornell at 5 p.m. Saturday also serves as senior night, where the team will honor six who are playing their final match at the Palestra.


text:
Rent The Complete Greek Tragedies: Euripides II 2nd edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Euripides. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by University of Chicago Press.
Need help ASAP? We have you covered with 24/7 instant online tutoring. Connect with one of our Classics tutors now.


text:
The first memorable interaction I had with an NPC in Warcraft was with a dryad. The starting night elf quests in classic beta were fairly cut and dry until I was asked to speak to Tarindrella. Clicking on her elicited not the staid and composed response of the night elves, but an incredibly enthusiastic and entirely out of place "Hi!" that made me simultaneously laugh hysterically and fall in love. One of the best moments of Cataclysm was meeting Mylune and reading the hysterical quest text to save all the wee little animals, and seeing her again in Firelands was equally entertaining.
Of all the likely characters one might see at the BlizzCon cosplay contest, the last I expected to see was cheerful and bubbly Mylune. Thank goodness I wasn't the only one who loved the character so much. Cosplayer Lyz Brickley came through with an utterly amazing, fully articulated costume of everyone's favorite critter enthusiast that is less a costume and more a fully mobile work of art. Follow after the break for a few words with Lyz and the creation of a four-legged masterpiece of costuming.


text: The U.S. State Department has rescinded an invitation for the rock musician Andrew W.K. to travel to Bahrain and perform at a concert sponsored by the U.S. embassy. The musician had claimed on his website he'd been appointed a "cultural ambassador" and was headed to Bahrain to promote "music, freedom and positive party power." But the State Department later changed its mind about sending Andrew W.K., whose musical repertoire includes titles like "Party 'Til You Puke." Bahrain is a key U.S. ally, home of the Navy's Fifth Fleet, but it has received criticism recently for cracking down on protesters and jailing medics who treated demonstrators.


text:
Paris Hilton and Christine Lakin at Katsuya
Paris and the Nottie Do Dinner
Start Slideshow
Paris and the Nottie Do Dinner
After a few days on the East coast, Paris was back in LA yesterday making her Fila sponsors proud. Of course, it wasn't all work and no play for Paris in NYC, because the recent LA lesbian club staple was spotted at a club on Tuesday making out with her friend Elisha Cuthbert. Anything for a little attention right? Back in LA, it was another type of stunt for the heiress who went out to dinner with her in-costume The Hottie and the Nottie costar, Christine Lakin. Fun fact: you might remember (but not recognize) Christine as "Al Lambert" from Step by Step. Poor girl having to wear that get up out, but who knows, maybe she's not big on being seen with Paris anyway.
To see more of Paris and her Fila gear just


text:
Skip navigation.
Northwestern Oklahoma State University has four residence halls – South and Fryer for women, Coronado and Ament for men -- designated for single-student housing that offer great atmosphere and student camaraderie. Living on-campus is required for incoming freshmen at Northwestern.
Coronado Hall houses the cafeteria that students in all four residence halls share. It offers three meals a day, Monday through Friday, and two meals a day on Saturday and Sunday. Students may use their meal cards at both the cafeteria and Student Center Food Court.
Meal plans also are available for students living off-campus.
All residence halls are within easy walking distance of any facility on campus. You may choose from double-occupancy or private rooms which may be decorated to suit your personality.
The majority of the rooms are arranged in three-room suites. This system affords you great privacy and allows for private shower and restroom facilities. Each hall offers vending machines, TV lounges, ice machines, microwaves, free laundry facilities, heat and air-conditioned rooms and recreational areas. Cable TV and high speed Internet services are provided; however, the students must supply their own TVs and computers. Private phone line jacks area available; however, the students are responsible for securing local service, paying their bills and supplying their phone. Food service is included in each housing contract. You may dine at either of two on-campus locations: Coronado Cafeteria or the Student Center Food Court.
U.S. News and World Report has reported that Northwestern Oklahoma State University offers the nation's most affordable room and board for students living on campus.
Northwestern's cost for room and board is the lowest in the country making Northwestern a great college value.
To learn more about our costs and great scholarship program, please visit our Costs and Financial Assistance web page.
Residence Hall Life
Research shows that academic success and student-involvement are significantly enhanced by living on campus.
For more information:Kaylyn HansenDirector of Students and Housing(580) 327-8418Fine Arts #131
Customized Dorm Packages
Let us help you find the necessary essentials you'll need for your dorm room prior to move-in day!
MISSION STATEMENT: Northwestern Oklahoma State University provides quality educational and cultural opportunities to learners with diverse needs by cultivating ethical leadership and service, critical thinking and fiscal responsibility.


text:
Grocery delivery from your favorite local stores.
Ready to save time and simplify your life?
Enter your zip code to
get started
Try two weeks free+ $25OFFyour first order!
Offer Details
How It Works
You order from the app.
We make ordering fast, simple, and convenient.
We shop for you.
We partner with a local community of reliable shoppers.
We deliver to your door.
Get your delivery in as soon as one hour after you order.
Grocery delivery available from:
Shipt is not endorsed by or affiliated with Publix®.
Membership Perks
Store-Wide SelectionShop 40,000+ items
Unlimited Free DeliveryOn orders over $35
Same-Day DeliveryAs soon as one hour
Get a two-week trial + $25 off your first order for a limited time
Things You Should Know
Shipt pricing varies from in-store by an average of $5 on a $35 order. But with our sale category and same-day delivery, we'll help you save time and money.


text:
You might have seen the leaked name of Zelda for Wii U. It's was also shown on that E3 detailed rumor. When I saw that, I said that it could have not been this one. And this is even more exciting to see that the name is pretty familiar. I would say that this is fake, everyone agreed that this would be fake. Here's the fuckin list that shows the evidence:
I can totally prove that this is fake. We can also see other games that are for PS4 & which could definitely get gamers hyped. I think the name is fair other than if it's "lost oracle" or other stupid names. But whatever it is, I can say we better get hyped.
But other than that, the name seems more excel & darker than Majora's mask & other titles. If it is, than I think the darkness is coming. We could feel that Dark Link is coming to take revenge from Link. Get ready brothers..
The story might be true. But Kotaku had a article that shows how can we tell an E3 rumor is fake. You can see it here>
The first thing is, that other than we males. Ladies are more hyped for this game. Not only they like it, but they want to see Link in real life. I wish that never happens!
I can say Males like Zelda 50% & Girls like Zelda 80% more than us. I have seen most of ladies here who like Zelda more than I do. I am a big fan of Zelda, but I am pretty jealous..
There is an update, Eiji(developer) also said that he might make it more difficult & challenging for us. I would say "DO IT @EIJI". Yeah, I want it more harder & never ending. I also want more characters & if that's real. I would get happier.
But the name Shard of Nightmares is not likely to happen. Just f^ck those who give us fake leaks & shittin us with calling their self "Internet Gods". Just ignore them. We would see for E3. And for the Zelda Shards of Nightmares heading picture up there, it's better to have my own made "Legend of Zelda U".
I also have to thank you guys for always listening my voice. All of you have been going with me step by step, commenting, reading & liking. Thank you guys, really appreciate it. Let`s turn on a new way as our blogging ways increases. Bye! AND THANK YOU SO MUCH, GUYS!


text:
When it comes to Thanksgiving and giving thanks to the things in our lives, I think I can say with a fair amount of certainty that the evil feline invading my life is not something which will ever make my list. In fact, Hello Kitty is pretty much the opposite of anything that anyone should be thankful for, and definitely not something that most people want to see on a day of giving thanks. Apparently the people at Macy's see things a bit differently and want to inflict a new kind of misery upon the masses since the old version didn't seem to be bad enough (with the obvious consequences that everyone will be relieving themselves of their Thanksgiving Day meal). Thus Macy's has seen fit to introduce a new Hello Kitty Thanksgiving Day Parade balloon:
Hello Kitty Holiday Wreath
While Hello Kitty fanatics don't realize it, when they hang a Hello Kitty holiday wreath on their door, they are conveniently warning everyone in the neighborhood the terrible dangers that lurk inside. Believe me, you disregard this warning sign at your own peril:
Hello Kitty Christmas Music Video
As if there was really a need to have one more reason to want this season to end as quickly as possible (see Hello Kitty Christmas trees and Hello Kitty ornaments if you had any doubts), this should quickly put the question to rest: a Hello Kitty Christmas music video that is guaranteed to haunt you long after the new year begins (you have been warned)
Hello Kitty Christmas Ornaments
I knew that once the Hello Kitty Christmas tree showed up in my email before December even began that things weren't going to go well this holiday season. This feeling was confirmed when someone, for some unfathomable reason, thought it would be a good idea to send me a photo of Hello Kitty Christmas ornaments:
Hello Kitty Christmas Tree 2011
Leave it to Hello Kitty fanatics to not have the patience (or common decency) to start sending me horrible reminders of what the next month is going to be like in Hello Kitty Hell. First there was the Hello Kitty Christmas tree which soon lead to another Christmas tree before the floodgates opened (which created a strong case in favor of those who believe the world isn't worth saving). Was there really any doubt that there would be more Hello Kitty Christmas trees?
Hello Kitty Bethenny Frankel
It's obvious that Hello Kitty wants anyone and everyone to promote her, even if it's a D-List TV personality wearing an age inappropriate costume. I could go on and on about what a sad train wreck the Bethenny Frankel Hello Kitty costume is, but a couple of photos will do that so much better:
Hello Kitty Mummy Costume
While I'm not a big fan of any of the Hello Kitty costumes that are out there, I'm especially horrified with this one. I think that this Hello Kitty mummy cosplay model confirms, without a doubt, that Hello Kitty supports eating disorders:
Hello Kitty Lego Halloween
Apparently there are some people that aren't simply satisfied with ruining Halloween with an abundance of the evil feline, but also feel it necessary to throw in another beloved iconic toy to ruin as well. When this happens, the result is stuff like the Hello Kitty Lego Halloween figures:
Hello Kitty Halloween Costumes 2011
I knew this was coming. I secretly prayed that it wouldn't, but the mere fact that the evil feline exists pretty much proves that there is no God. It has become an annual torture fest beginning with Hello Kitty Halloween pumpkins landing in my email, then eventually a Hello Kitty Halloween costume ending up there as well. Although I had tried to mentally prepare myself for horror that would undoubtedly appear, I had no idea what an utterly frightening mess it would be. Judge for yourself:
Hello Kitty Halloween Cookies
I guess I should have expected it. If there are Hello Kitty Halloween cupcakes, was there really any doubt that there would also be Hello Kitty Halloween cookies as well?
Hello Kitty Halloween Pumpkins 2011
While I do believe that creating a Hello Kitty Halloween pumpkin is the best way to ruin a perfectly good holiday, I guess it's a great way to scare the hell out of all the kids in the neighborhood and keep them away from your house.
Hello Kitty Halloween Car
As I have stated before, the Halloween season is the start of a lot of Hello Kitty Hellishness. One would hope that the evil feline would be able to keep the theme somewhat on target with Hello Kitty pumpkins and Hello Kitty costumes with very little deviation into such things as Hello Kitty Halloween cupcakes, Hello Kitty Halloween tattoos and Hello Kitty Halloween nails. Of course, that would be hoping for the impossible as the Hello Kitty Halloween car so perfectly illustrates:
Hello Kitty Valentine Chocolate
I should know better. Hello Kitty fanatics waste absolutely no time spreading the torture of the upcoming holiday at hand. With the beginning of a new month, I should have known that it was going to be a mistake to open any email that had Hello Kitty and <3 in the title. Apparently Hello Kitty fanatics aren't satisfied with hearts on Valentine's Day and feel that it is necessary to include Hello Kitty chocolate in the mix as well:
Hello Kitty Halloween Cupcakes
All I can say is that I'll be damn glad when Halloween is over…
Hello Kitty Pumpkin Horror
Let the Hello Kitty Halloween deluge begin. It wasn't even a possibility that the Halloween horror would stop with the Hello Kitty Halloween nails. Even though there have been plenty of Hello Kitty pumpkins (oh, yes, there are more) sent in, Hello Kitty fanatics only care about their own (and somehow feel it is important to tell me in great detail about how great their particular Hello Kitty pumpkin is as if I would be the one human being in the world that would care in even the least little bit…) This is certainly not a good omen with two weeks still to go:
Hello Kitty Halloween Nails
You know it's going to be an extraordinarily terrible holiday season when it begins with Hello Kitty nails being made worse than all the examples already out there (something that any normal person would assume would be impossible). Then again, one thing I have learned over the years is to never underestimate how bad Hello Kitty can make things, especially when you believe you have seen the worst. Thus, it should be of little surprise that someone thought that Hello Kitty Halloween nails would be a good idea:
Hello Kitty Beach Balls
One would hope that it would be possible to escape the evil feline every now and again, but Hello Kitty always does her best to make sure that isn't possible. Even a trip to the local beach is wrought with the risk of coming across a 26 foot tall Hello Kitty balloon (with all her character friends as giant beach ball floating in the water) to guarantee that a perfectly good day at the beach will be ruined:
Hello Kitty The Darker Side
You're excited for Halloween because you have decided to go out as Darth Vader. You can't wait for your friends to see your awesome costume. Then mom says that you have to take your little sister with you. You can't believe your rotten luck. Having your little sister tagging along is going to ruin everything. You think that it is the worst thing that could ever happen to you. That is until you see your little sister's costume:
Hello Kitty Brains
What do you get the Hello Kitty fanatic in your life for Valentine's Day? Apparently, the evil feline knows exactly what her fanatical followers want — to devour her brains:
Hello Kitty Superheroes
Seriously, if my wife ever is able to convince me to go out in an outfit like this, just shoot me. Sometimes there is nothing more to say.


text:
» Show All «Prev «1 ... 4941 4942 4943 4944 4945 4946 4947 4948 4949 ... 5022» Next»
Woolf, Dora (Devorah)(married name)
Status: Located
East Ham Jewish Cemetery (Marlow Rd), London, 1. England, UK
Notes: East Ham Jewish Cemetery: Opened in 1919.
General views of the cemetery can be found here
Status Headstone photos: incomplete.
If you have any photos you would like to donate to the CemeteryScribes please Contact Us THANK YOU!!
Visiting arrangements: contact the United Synagogue for more information.


text:
Wildcats Wrap East Prelims With 11 NCAA Championship Qualifiers
By Jacob Most
May 25, 2013 -
Full Results | Photo Gallery
GREENSBORO, N.C. – Kentucky track and field took a major step forward as a program at the NCAA East Preliminary Championships, which wrapped up on Saturday at Irwin Belk Track.
Four Wildcats clinched spots in the NCAA Semifinals on Saturday giving Kentucky 11 entries (10 competitors) total going into the National Championship Meet.
The top-12 placers in each event qualified for the NCAA Championships, which will be held June 5-9, 2013 at Oregon's Historic Hayward Field in Eugene, Ore.
Six Wildcat men will be in the Eugene field, while four women will compete in five events.
"My overall take heading into the NCAA is we are moving forward," head coach Edrick Floreal said. "There is still quite a bit of work to do, but I think the most important thing at a meet like this is leaving an impression. When you make an impression where other people notice how much better and different the team is, to me, is important.
"Making our own mark and being noticed for building something special is the most important thing. Having the kids buy in and realize the possibility of being great is yet there."
Six of the ten Wildcats that clinched spots in the NCAA Outdoor Championship field will compete in the event for the first time.
Chelsea Oswald continued her top form in the 5,000 meters as she posted the No. 3 qualifying time out of the east crossing the finish line in 15:59.20. The 2013 SEC Champion at 5K and 10K will be the lone Wildcat two compete in two events at NCAAs.
Matt Hillenbrand displayed an impressive kick on the bell lap holding off three rival competitors down the home stretch to win his heat in 3:47.72. The SEC Indoor Mile Champion reached the NCAA Championships for the first time in his career.
Keith Hayes confirmed his spot in the fourth NCAA Outdoor Championships of his stellar career with a wind legal season best 110-meter hurdles time 13.66.
Kayla Parker, a junior team captain, cruised into the NCAA 100-meter hurdles semifinal with a time of 13.26. She will be making her debut appearance at the NCAA Championships.
Seven other Wildcats booked their spots in Eugene on either Thursday or Friday.
Andrew Evans, Rebecca Famurewa and Chelsea Oswald, Raymond Dykstra, Bradley Szypka, Keilah Tyson and Luis Orta all qualified for NCAAs before Saturday.
Tamyah Pipkin posted a .03-second wind legal collegiate best time 23.64 in the 200 meters. She was fifth in her heat and placed 15th overall.
Cally Macumber was heartbreakingly sixth in the second 5K heat missing the automatic qualifying place by a spot with a time of 16:13.66. She was 13th overall less than a second off the final automatic qualifier place in heat two. The two time qualifiers came from heat two (16:07.70).
Macumber concludes a spectacular 2012-13 season having been named First Team All-American in cross country as well as in the distance medley relay and 3K indoors. She also was SEC Champion in cross country and the 3K.
Allison Peare was eighth in heat two of the women's 1,500m with a time of 4:22.50. She placed 16th overall. Peare closes a breakout 2012-13 season having been First Team All-American in the DMR and All-Southeast Region in cross country.
The UK women's 4x100-meter relay team was disqualified for passing the baton outside the zone on the first exchange.
Kentucky advanced three men -- Luis Orta, Raymond Dykstra and Andrew Evans – to Nationals in 2012.
2013 Kentucky NCAA Championship Qualifiers
Andrew Evans – Discus Throw
Raymond Dykstra – Javelin Throw
Bradley Szypka – Shot Put
Luis Orta – 3,000-meter steeplechase
Matt Hillenbrand – 1,500 meters
Keith Hayes – 110-meter hurdles
Chelsea Oswald – 5,000 meters, 10,000 meters
Rebecca Famurewa – Discus Throw
Keilah Tyson – 100 meters
Kayla Parker – 100-meter hurdles


text:
Pokusy s ROM - informace pro specialisty
Started by
Tomas Kocanda,
40 posts in this topic
Create an account or sign in to comment
You need to be a member in order to leave a comment
Create an account
Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy!
Register a new account
Sign in
Already have an account? Sign in here.
Sign In Now
MoDaCo is part of the MoDaCo.network, © Paul O'Brien 2002-2016. MoDaCo uses IntelliTxt technology.


text:
Cooperative analog and digital (CANDI) time synchronization protocol for large multi-hop networks
Cho, Sunghwan
MetadataShow full item record
For large multihop networks, the time synchronization (TS) error accumulates as the hop number increases with conventional methods, such as Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks (TPSN), Reference Broadcast Synchronization (RBS), and Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP). In this paper, to reduce the number of hops to cover the large network and exploit the spatial averaging of TS error between clusters, a novel method combining Concurrent Cooperative Transmission (CCT) and Semi-Cooperative Spectrum Fusion (SCSF) is proposed. This novel method named Cooperative Analog and Digital (CANDI) Time Synchronization protocol consists of two phases: The digital stage and the analog stage. The digital stage uses CCT to broadcast TS packet containing the time information. Cooperating nodes transmit the digitally encoded message in orthogonal channels simultaneously, so the receiver combines the multiple packet to acheive significant SNR advantage. In the analog stage, the cooperating nodes simultaneously transmit their slightly different individual estimates of the propagation time by using frequency shift modulation. Nodes receiving this signal combat fading and reduce estimation error in one step through the averaging inherent in diversity combining. Simulation results for two-dimension (2-D) networks are given to evaluate the performance of CANDI, and CANDI is compared with TPSN.