text:
The General Slocum
by Jim Kalafus
The General Slocum has been part of my life for as far back as I can remember.
My great grandmother, Amelia, 20 in 1904, lived in Little Germany. She knew, or knew of, many of the principal players in the events of June 15, 1904 and as a child obsessed with both history and ships I would often ask her to tell the story of the disaster and its aftermath. "I would have been aboard the Slocum that day, but at the last minute…." became the central motif of literally thousands of family legends in the NYC area, but, to her credit, my great grandmother never made that claim. As my mother recently put it: "There wasn't a chance she would have been there. Her father would never have wasted money on something like excursion tickets." So, extreme paternal frugality saved her and her two sisters from probable death that morning. I was, possibly, five years old when I became interested in 'grandma's shipwreck,' but of course I did not write any of the stories down, nor did I tape record them. Sadly, no one else did, either. For a time, my interest in ships waned, and 'though I saw great grandmother frequently, until I was well into my teens I did not hear of the General Slocum again, except in passing.
My great grandmother died in 1982, but fortunately, on the last Thanksgiving that she was well enough to attend the family get together, she and her friend, Fay, also from Little Germany. spoke at length, about the tragedy and its aftermath. At 15 I was old enough to remember the details clearly - though, once again, I neither tape recorded nor wrote them down. They spoke of "Mary" who organized everything and who died in the fire, of Reverend Haas losing his wife, of how a number of the survivors came back home aboard an elevated train, but so few got off that people assumed it was only the first of many trains (it wasn't) and finally, of how shocking it was to see adults, trained from birth to keep all emotion hidden in public, reacting with hysteria as the known death toll mounted and relatives failed to return home. Both remembered a woman falling to her knees in the street, screaming and tearing at her hair when she learned of the death of her family. So many questions I wish I had thought to ask while I still had the opportunity. "Mary" was, I much later learned, Mary Abendschein, a middle aged single woman who channeled her energies into improving St. Marks German Lutheran Church and who, in fact, had organized the fatal voyage. But, did my great grandmother and Fay recall the name of the hysterical mother? Did she ever find her children, or had they been lost? How many of their friends survived, how many didn't, and who were they? I'm glad that I got a final chance to hear of the Slocum as a young adult, but regret not having had the time to learn more straight from the mouths of those who were there.
A basic outline of the Slocum story for those not familiar: The General Slocum, a wooden sidewheel vessel owned by the Knickerbocker Steamboat Company, caught fire while on a chartered excursion of the St. Mark's German Lutheran Church Sunday School. Rather than immediately put his vessel in to shore on either side of the East River, the captain kept in midstream, and at full speed, for at least five minutes beyond the point where the fire first became uncontrollable. The majority of the passengers could not swim, and those not forced overboard by the flames in mid-river, had to jump, or were thrown, into the water when the ship grounded, bow-on, on North Brother Island and the upper decks began to collapse. Medical staff and patients from the hospital on North Brother Island, and a flotilla of small boats and tugs, worked fast to save the drowning, but within a quarter of an hour of the grounding there was no one left to save. Later in the afternoon, the charred hulk of the Slocum drifted free of the beach and sank on the Bronx side of the river, in the direction of Throgs Neck.
There follows a history of the General Slocum, from J.S. Ogilvie's History of the General Slocum Disaster:
The General Slocum was one of the best known vessels about New York Harbor. Since the time of her launching, in 1891, she has been employed in so many different capacities, and on so many different runs, that possibly five out of every ten people in New York City have, at some point, been aboard her, or have seen her at close range.
Built for the Rockaway service as a sister ship to the Grand Republic, she was kept on that run during most days of the summer months, and during the thirteen years she has been in service she has carried to that resort almost enough people to equal the population of this city.
As an excursion boat she was easily one of the most popular of all the vessels that ply the surrounding waters. Her build did not allow much room for dancing, but the younger folks usually found room in a rather small space on the main deck for this amusement, while the general arrangement of the vessel, with corners and spaces to suit every kind and class, gave her great popularity. During the excursion season, which comes before and after the Rockaway season, she was employed almost every day by excursion parties.
The General Slocum, too, has followed every international yacht race held off Sandy Hook since the day she was built. When she was in her prime and was the finest of the harbor craft, great sums were paid for her on the yacht courses. Since 1891, however, other vessels have appeared which are faster and more suitable to open sea sailing than the Slocum, and she has gradually become the poor man's transport at the races.
At her launching, everybody was full of praise for Divine Burtis, Jr., the boat builder, of Conover Street and Atlantic Basin, Brooklyn, who built her. The contract for her construction as given out on February 15, 1891, and on April 18th of the same year, three days more than three months later, she was launched.
As she was the finest vessel in the harbor, and having been built in Brooklyn, that city took pride in her and turned out in a crowd at her launching. Miss May Lewis, the niece of the then-President of the Knickerbocker Steamboat Company, her owners, broke the bottle of wine over her bows as she left the ways.
When the vessel a short time later made her trial trip, she was described as the realization of the boatbuilder's dream. She was provided with three watertight compartments, which was something entirely new then in such craft, and she was said to be unsinkable. Her dimensions were: length of keel, 235 feet; breadth of hull, 37 feet 6 inches; depth of hull, 12 feet 3 inches; length of deck, 250 feet; breadth of deck 70 feet.
Her body was of white oak and yellow pine, and she was of about 1200 tons. Her engines, which were three of the most advanced pattern, were built by the W.& A. Fletcher Company, of Hoboken. She was a sidewheel boat, each wheel 31 feet in diameter, bearing 26 paddles. She had a steam steering gear of the latest pattern, and was lighted by 250 electric lights. She had a speed of about 18 miles an hour.
The General Slocum had three decks, the main deck provided aft with a comfortable and roomy cabin for women, and with a restaurant forward. The next above, the promenade deck, held the main cabin, richly lined with highly polished sycamore and upholstered in red velvet. Forward and aft of this cabin were roomy deck spaces. The band usually played on the after-part of this deck. The hurricane deck was provided with a running bench all along the outside. Her two funnels were almost amidships and were placed one on each side. Her body was painted white, and her funnels a medium yellow, while her name in large gold letters stood out on either side. She carried a crew of 22 men, a captain and two pilots.
Much would later be said about the General Slocum being a "hoodoo ship." For a time, in the 1970s and early '80s, that particular canard became an integral part of the tale, but a review of the ship's pre-fire record shows that her life was certainly no more ill starred than that of any other river boat. This segment, also from Ogilvie, details the major mishaps of the boat's fourteen year career:
In August of the same year she met her next mishap. During a heavy squall she ran on a bar off the end of Coney Island. It was night, and again a panic raged. The captain and crew fought down the scrambling passengers, and finally when the storm abated, transferred them to another vessel.
In the following September she was again laid up through a collision in the East River with the tug R.T. Sayre. She sustained damages which cost $1000 to repair, and drifted helplessly about the river for some time, at last to be saved from going on the rocks off Governor's Island. Minor accidents happened to her until July, 1898, when she again was put out of commission by the steam lighter Amelia, with which she collided off the Battery. The two vessels locked and were being carried on the Battery Rocks when tugs separated them.
In June, two years ago, while returning from Rockaway with 400 people aboard, in order to avoid a small sloop she again ran on a bar, where she remained all night, her passengers camping out on deck and in the cabin.
The most serious affair that happened aboard the Slocum before the recent disaster, however, occurred on August 17, 1901. She then had aboard 900 persons, mostly men who were described at the time as Patterson Anarchists. When they boarded the vessel at Jersey City most of them were intoxicated. The Slocum's owners had contracted to take the party to Rockaway, and when the vessel passed outside the Narrows she encountered a heavy sea.
Some of the passengers ordered the captain to turn back. He refused, and then a mob organized to compel him to obey their wishes. The mob first started a panic among the women aboard, and then began a march on the pilot house to lay hands on the captain. The deck hands and spare men from the engine force were quickly called upon, and, with the captain, they attacked the mob and a pitched battle was started. Little by little the mob, and all other passengers were driven into the cabins, the doors of which were locked. An hour later, the Slocum stopped at the police pier at the Battery, where seventeen of the men were turned over to the police. Most of them were later sent to jail.
The officers of the Knickerbocker Steamboat Company have frequently been up before the authorities for overcrowding the Slocum. Almost every year special men were detailed to watch her, and charges against her were often made. In 1895, the company was fined $1,670 for a violation.
One event this author missed came early in the Slocum's career, when a young girl was crowed overboard off of an upper deck and drowned. Evidence that the Slocum was considered a 'cursed' vessel from before the fire is non-existent, and the affairs as outlined by Ogilvie, although unpleasant, are not anything that could not, and did not, happen frequently aboard other turn of the twentieth century harbor craft.
So, when the congregants of St. Marks German Lutheran Church, on East Sixth Street, boarded the General Slocum on the morning of Wednesday, June 15th, 1904, en route to a Sunday School picnic at Locust Point on Long Island Sound, there was probably little or no sense of foreboding. It was a beautiful late spring day, the voyage to Locust Point was just long enough to be interesting, and in an era where free time was measured in minutes rather than hours or days, 12 hours spent doing nothing but relaxing in a pleasant place with old friends was a rarity to be anticipated for weeks in advance and remembered fondly for weeks afterwards. Within four hours, 958 of the passengers would be dead or fatally injured, the Slocum would lie sunken with only a portion of her paddle box and her funnels breaking the surface, and fewer than 400 survivors would be slowly making their way back to the Lower East Side, or were recovering in several hospitals.
Because there were so few survivors, interviews - some lengthy, some partial - given by almost half of those saved exist.
We begin with one of the most descriptive accounts if the fire, as well as one of the saddest. It was left, by Mrs. Catherine Kassebaum, 52, of 196 Guernsey Street, Brooklyn.
We had a party of eleven on the boat, and were anticipating a fine day's outing. We wanted to hear the music on the way up the river and so all of us were gathered on the after deck, not more than twenty feet away from the band and close to the rail of the deck.
The first intimation we had that there was something wrong was when a scream came from the forward part of the boat. We concluded that someone must have fallen overboard and began scanning the water in the wake of the boat. But we did not have to wait too long to find out what the real trouble was. A few seconds after the first scream there was a general panic on the forward deck.
We could hear the women and children screaming, and an instant later there was a puff of smoke and flame near the bow of the boat. I realized then that we were all in the gravest of peril and that if we expected to escape with our lives some of us at least must keep our cool heads. In our party were my daughter, Annette, my son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Schnude and their two little children, and my daughter Mrs. Frieda Toniport and her two children. In addition to these nine, there were the father and mother of Mr. Schnude.
The moment I saw the flames I called all of our party together and told them quietly that if we were to escape alive we must stick close together so as to be able to help one another. I thought that the strong among us could take care of the weak. But my words of warning were not more than out of my mouth when there came such a rush of panic stricken people to the stern of the boat that no human being could have stood up against it.
I clung to the rail and managed to hold my place, but when I looked around not one member of my family was to be seen anywhere. They had been whisked away from me in the rush and I did not know what had been their fate. By that time there were scores of women and children in the water.
At last I managed to get a foot upon the rail by clinging with my hands to a post. From that point of vantage I watched the crowd in search of my loved ones, but they were nowhere to be seen. Just then I saw our Pastor, the Reverend Mr. Haas, with his wife and daughter at the other side of the boat. He was trying to protect them from the trampling crowd. Then a minute later I saw them climb over the rail and all jump into the river together.
I took another careful look around to see if any of my family were on the boat, but still they were nowhere to be seen. Then I decided to take my chances in the water. The fire was so near that my hands and face were scorched and blistered and there were holes in my clothing that had been burned there by the flying sparks.
I climbed over the rail and jumped feet first into the water. It seemed to me that I sank hundreds of feet and that I should never come to the surface again. But at last I saw a flash of light, and that told me that I was up where I could get a breath of air. I tried to keep myself from sinking again by striking out blindly with my hands and feet, and did manage to keep up for a few seconds.
In that brief time I saw women and children around me in the water. They all seemed to be drowning. I remember I wondered in a dreamy sort of way if any of my children were near me, and if they would be rescued. Then my strength failed me and I sank once more. I stopped struggling and didn't seem to care any longer whether I ever rose to the top or not.
Just then my head struck against something hard. That aroused my senses and I grabbed at whatever had bumped my head. I caught it with my hands and held on. Once I got a breath of air, my strength came back a little and then I discovered that I was clinging to the paddlebox. I held on desperately and a minute or two later a man in a small rowboat pulled up close to me. The boatman held out an oar to me and yelled to me to grasp it and hold fast. I did so, and he soon hauled me aboard his boat. I begged him to look for the other members of my family, but he had as many in his boat as it would hold and had to go ashore.
Catherine Kassebaum was eventually reunited with her daughter Annette, "Nettie", 30. Nettie had remained aboard the Slocum until a tug appeared through the smoke. She jumped down to it, breaking her leg, but was saved. Lost from the Kassebaum party were Henry Schnude, 32, a Deacon of St. Marks Church, his wife, Anna, also 32, their daughters Mildred, 2, and Grace, 4, Mr. William Schnude, 61 and his wife, Louise, 58, Mrs. Frieda Toniport, 27, and her children Frances, 4, and Charlotte, 1 ½.
Frank Prawdzicki, 12, of 85 East Third Street, was one of the first passengers to spot the fire. He ran to the pilot house and attempted to warn Captain Van Schaick, only to be told "Get the hell out of here!" Frank survived, as did his mother, Mary, 36, but his sisters Annie, 15, Henrietta, 13, and Gertrude, 3, died, and his infant sister Johanna, 1, was lost and never recovered. Mary Prawdzicki gave birth to a second son, Alfred, in 1906.
This account, by Anna Weber, tells the story of an extended family more fortunate than the ill fated Kassebaum party. It also contains a link to the final Slocum survivor, Adella Wotherspoon.
There was never a happier party than we were when we boarded the boat Wednesday morning. The children danced around when I was preparing the lunch the night before and we started early. My husband and myself, my children Emma and Frank, and my sister Martha Liebenow met my brother, Paul Liebenow and his wife, with their six month old baby in her arms, and Helen, six years old, and their baby girl three years old at the dock. We had invited them to go with us to the excursion, and we went on board laughing and talking, the children ahead with my sister.
We went to the middle deck, near the forward part of the boat. The sun was shining, and the boat glided through the water so smoothly that the children could play around without any danger, and were told to remain within call. The four little ones romped back towards the stern of the boat with my sister.
We were sitting in a circle talking when a puff of smoke came up the stairway leading to the deck below. It was a big puff of smoke and startled everyone.
'Don't mind that, it's the chowder cooking' some one said, and then we laughed at our fears, but the laughter changed to a cry of horror when a sheet of flame followed the smoke.
I cried for my children, and my sister in law with her baby ran back to search for her two little ones. The flames kept sweeping up, growing higher and spreading. My husband and my brother had gone to look for the children.
Then we were all separated. I rushed here and there, looking for my children and saying to myself that my husband had found them. The flames were sweeping back as the boat raced on, and it was like the breath of a furnace.
'Get life preservers' said a man, and we all stood up on camp stools and on the benches and reached for life preservers. Some of them we could not budge, and the others pulled to pieces and spilled the crumbs of cork over our heads. The heat was blistering and the flames swept along the roof of the deck and scorched our fingers as we tried to snatch down the life preservers. The flames drove those who were standing around me back and over to the side of the boat.
Nobody could live in heat like that. My face was scorching and my hair caught fire. I went to the side of the boat and swung myself over the side by a rope. Every time my hands, face or body would come in contact with the sides of the vessel it would blister my flesh.
I don't know whether I dropped or whether I was pushed off. I found myself struggling against the water. There were others struggling in the water around me, and they were pulling each other down. I cried for help and heard a man, who was in the water, tell me to come nearer, that it was too hot where I was for him to swim to me. I was pulled on shore on North Brother Island and then went back to the water to look for my children.
Before I let go of the rope, the vessel was one mass of flames. I knew that the children couldn't live there and thought I might keep them from drowning. I found my husband with his clothes burned off, looking for the children, and then they took us both to the hospital.
At the hospital I found my brother and his wife. Some one restored to them their six month old baby, which had been pulled from the water. My two little children and her two girls are missing.'
Anna Weber, 31, and her husband, Frank, 35, lost both of their children ,Emma, 10, and Frank C. Jr., 7, in the fire, along with her sister, Martha Liebenow ,29, who resided with them at #404 East Fifth Street. Paul Liebenow, 33, and his wife, Anna, 32, lost two children, Anna, 3, and Helen, 6, whose body was never recovered. Their infant daughter, Adella, 6m, became the final known General Slocum survivor, dying in 2004.
The Department of Charities General Slocum Report has a table in which the missing are matched with the body most likely to have been theirs. Helen Liebenow, 6, is thought to be body #5, a 6 year old girl buried in grave 5 of row 1 at the Lutheran Cemetery.
"I felt myself carried along to the side of the boat. I don't remember whether I jumped, for I was pretty badly burned, or was pushed overboard. In the water I grabbed at a man but missed him. I gave up hope, thinking I was going to be drowned. I felt a ringing sensation in my head and it seemed as if I were going to fall asleep, when somebody grabbed me and pulled me aboard a boat."
Margaret Maurer, 48, was the wife of George
J. Maurer (53) the leader of the band that played aboard the General
Slocum's final voyage. She died, of
pneumonia following burns, on June 23, 1904, joining daughters Clara, 12, and
Matilda, 14, and husband, George, who was found with the print of a shoe heel
stamped into his forehead. 'Professor' Maurer's song list for that morning
consisted of:
1) Unser Kaiser Friedrich
Cornet player August Schneider, 34, of 322 Stanhope Street, Brooklyn, was luckier than George Maurer. His family traveled with him on the excursion, and they were not entirely annihilated.
We were playing on the upper deck. The band, of which George Maurer was the leader, was composed of seven musicians. We were seated in the stern when a whole crowd of people suddenly rushed toward us, shouting and screaming. At least half of them jumped right overboard. It wasn't until a few seconds afterward that we saw smoke and fire. The wind, luckily, was blowing the flames away from us.
I got my family together and told them to stick close to me. I took my little Augusta, 3 years old, on my arm and was just considering the best place for safety when the deck broke, and fell with the ruins.
I still held my child, but my wife and the other two children were torn away from me and I didn't see them again and do not know where they are. I was taken off by rescuers in a tugboat.
Dora Schneider, 32, was lost, as were her daughters Catherine, 8, and Amalia, 6.
Reverend George C.F. Haas, 50,of St. Marks German Lutheran Church was accompanied by his wife, daughter, sister, sister- in - law and nephew on the Sunday School excursion. He recalled:
It has been my practice every year to make a tour of the boat as soon as we started on our annual excursion, to see that everything was all right. Shortly after the steamer left the Third Street pier that morning I started from the promenade deck to make such a trip. I had just completed the round of the steamer on the several decks forward and aft, and was on my way back to the promenade deck when I saw smoke coming up a narrow gangway leading from the lower main deck.
I thought at first that the smoke might be blowing that way from the galley, where I know they were preparing to cook the clam chowder, but the smoke speedily increased in volume and I soon realized that it was something more serious. I ran to where my wife was sitting on the promenade deck and returned with her to the main deck, at the same time giving the warning to everybody I met to go to the stern of the boat.
On reaching the main deck I drove the people before me toward the stern, but that was not difficult, for many of them had noticed the smoke almost as soon as I had, and were hastening away from the point of danger. When I reached the end of the cabin, I tried to close the sliding doors so as to prevent the smoke and flames from being blown through them to the open part of the deck, where a big crowd had gathered. I closed one of the doors, but the other I could not move.
I cannot tell how many minutes elapsed between the time when I first saw the smoke and when the steamer was all in flames. It seemed only a few seconds to me, but from what I can remember having done in that interval it must have been considerably longer. My wife and I stood together by the rail until we saw that the upper deck was about to fall upon us. We saw nothing of our little girl, who had been playing with other children. My sister stood near us. None of us could swim, but when we realized that it meant certain death to remain longer on the steamer we all jumped overboard together.
We had on life preservers, but I don't think we had them properly adjusted. At all events, after I got into the water I did not float, and I immediately became separated from my wife and sister. I have no recollection as to how I was rescued. The first thing I knew I found myself on North Brother Island, and was brought from there to the hospital. I did not know that my sister had been saved until I found she was a patient in the same hospital, and I have received no tidings of my wife.
Of the Haas party, only the Reverend and his sister, Emma, 30, escaped. Anna S. Haas, 46, died, as did her daughter, Gertrude, 13, her sister, Mrs. Sophia Tetamore, 31, of 1471 Bushwick Avenue, Brooklyn, and Mrs. Tetamore's son Herbert, 3. Reverend Haas made his first post-fire public appearance, his head swathed in bandages, at his wife's funeral in the front parlor of their home at 64 East Seventh Street. Those in attendance were surprised at how ill he seemed. Anna Haas' was the only body recovered at that point, but just as her service began news arrived that the remains of Mrs. Tetamore, whose face had been destroyed, had been identified by certain markings on her body. Sophia's coffin was taken to the Haas home and, after services, both sisters began their final journey together. Gertrude Haas' was one of the final bodies identified (her death certificate was #3617, Mrs. Tetamore's was 3160, and Mrs. Haas' 2930) while Herbert Tetamore was never found.
St. Marks Sexton, Joseph Halphusen, and his family, were more fortunate than the Haas party:
We had been gone about an hour, I suppose, and I have no idea how far we had gone, when I suddenly saw a rush toward the center of the boat, followed by a cry of alarm.
Panic ensued. Sheets of flame followed the roiling clouds of smoke, and the fearful rush began to the sides of the boat. Women and children were thrown down and trampled on. Many were pushed overboard, and more jumped into the river.
It seemed to me that the crew of the boat lost their heads- they were undisciplined, and did not do what sane men would have done to stay the panic and restore order.
There was little time to secure life preservers, and I doubt if many thought of them.
I assisted as much as I could, but I also had my daughters, Mina, 12, and Clare, 10, to look after. I took them to the top deck, and led them on to the paddlebox. The flames were all about us now, and I was merely waiting for the moment to order my children to jump.
Tugs were coming to the rescue from all directions. In the water I could see on every side the despairing struggles of the dying. Finally, the flames crept so close to us that they almost set our clothes afire. I signaled to a tug and called to my daughters to jump.
The tug Sumner picked us up.
Because of the proximity to shore and the immediate presence of many rescuers on hand, a few passengers who 'drowned' that morning were brought back. There is a uniform quality to their accounts - a struggle, a ringing in their ears, a sudden 'acceptance' of what was happening, and then blackness. One who was brought back was Susan Schulz, 24, of 414 East Ninth Street:
It was too awful to remember about, and I wish I could forget it all. Such tearing pushing and hauling I never saw before. In the water it was worse. Women fought for small pieces of board, grabbed each other for support, some of them begging others to save their children. I don't know how I got in the water, but after I had been in a short time I felt a sort of suffocation. I could not breathe. My ears tingled and I seemed to hear sounds like music afar off. I don't remember any thing more until I found myself on the island with the doctor working over me.
Walter Mueller, 10, was the son of Bernard, 38, and Valesca Mueller, 29, of 95 2nd Avenue. They were lost, as was their son, Edgar, 4, but children Walter, Louis, 9, Arthur, 6, and Grover, 13, survived.
After papa tied the life preserver around me, I jumped into the water. The life preserver was of no use, for it broke right off me, and I thought I was going to drown. I grabbed a man's neck and went under the water. When I came up again, I seized a woman by the hair and she scratched my face. I let go of her and was sinking again when a man in a boat picked me up.
Bernard Mueller died in the hospital on June 23, 1904. Before he died, he stated:
Myself, my wife and four sons, were sitting on the first deck when I saw smoke coming up through the deck in great clouds. The people on the boat acted as though they had lost their minds. I grabbed life preservers, and, after putting them on my wife and children, assisted them over the side of the boat into the water. Then I put one on and went after them, telling them to make for shore. The youngest child was in my wife's arms. I started after them, but had not taken more than half a dozen strokes when I was surrounded by half a dozen women, who clung to me and dragged me under. I had all I could do to save myself from being drowned by their frantic efforts to hold on to me. A rowboat came up and took us all on board. When we got there I searched for my wife and family in vain. They were not to be found.
The orphaned Mueller children were taken in by their grandmother, Johanna Hagar. Grover died in South El Monte, California, in April, 1968.
There is often the mistaken tendency to consider ethnic neighborhoods, both historical and contemporary, as being homogenous. Little Germany was really a small town within a large city, and the passenger list of the General Slocum reflected all levels of German-American society as it existed in 1904. Nicholas Balser, 56, of 422 East Eighth Street escorted his wife Amelia, 46, and family friend Maria Fickbohm, 40, of 91 Avenue D, and her three children, Maria, 14, Ernest, 12, and Frederick, 9, on the excursion. Mr. Balser was a pharmacist, whose business acumen allowed him the luxury of a free Wednesday (an advertisement for his pharmacy, and "Wild Cherry Cough Balsam, .25 the bottle" appeared in the program handed out to Slocum excursionists that morning) while Peter Fickbohm's saloon allowed Maria the luxury of a telephone (Orchard 505) and servant, Kate Cibilski, 18, who traveled with the family on the outing. Mr. Balser, still in the wet clothing in which he was rescued from the river, returned to the Fickbohm's saloon where he gave this account:
Shortly after leaving the pier, I left my wife and the Fickbohms on the middle deck. They were sitting in the bow. I took little Freddy Fickbohm on the top deck to show him the points of interest. We were approaching the island when, looking forward, I saw flames shooting up from the deck below. Unclasping my knife, I slashed at the fastenings of the life rafts nearby. But, they were secured by wire instead of rope. I told Freddy to stay with me, but when I returned he has disappeared. I then started for my party but was driven back by the flames.
The whole front part of the boat by this time was a mass of fire. For the time being, so near were we to shore that there was no panic. The passengers, mostly women and children, retreated before the flames. All thought that the boat would put into shore at once, but it seemed fully five minutes or more before she swung inshore. By this time, the scene was terrifying. Women threw their children overboard and then followed. They had no other refuge from the flames, which swept everything before them.
I rushed aft, calling to my wife, but I could not see her, and in the roar of the fire and the cries of the panic-stricken passengers, she could not hear me. I was driven back to the wheelhouse by the fire. I thought I was trapped. There was no chance for me to go farther aft, and below was the fire.
I threw myself over the railing and dropped into the water on the side farthest from land. It was then I received these burns. The waster came only to my armpits, and I could have walked to the shore. When I finally emerged, I looked back and to my dying day I'll never forget the scene. Around me were scores of bodies, most of them charred and burned. I helped as many as possible of those living to the land. From the stern of the boat, where hundreds of persons were huddled fighting like mad to leap into the water, I saw dozens of women throw themselves over the side.
I searched in vain for my wife. Body after body was laid out on the shore, but hers was not among them. Then someone said that a party of women and children had been sent to the city, and a neighbor told me my wife was among them.
Catherine Balser, in fact, died that day, as did Maria Fickbohm, her servant Kate Cibilski, and two of her three children. Only Freddy Fickbohm, whose position at the onset of the fire- far forward and on the top deck- gave him an excellent chance at survival, escaped alive. A Fred W. Fickbohm, of the right age and born in New York, is shown in both the 1920 and 1930 census as living in Newark, New Jersey, with his wife and daughter, both named Lillian.
If Nicholas and Catherine Balser, whose prospering pharmacy gave them the luxury of a midweek day off together, and Maria Fickbohm, with her successful family business, telephone, and servant represented one extreme of life in Little Germany, then 47 year old Mrs. Emilia Richter, of 404 East Sixth Street represented the other. However, in the eyes of the community, both women were equally respected. Mrs. Franz Wilhelm Richter had been left widowed with seven children, and an elderly mother to support. Determined not to fall upon charity, and equally determined to keep her children in school for as long as possible, Emilia worked several jobs. According to one account, for a time she worked up to 20 hours each day as an office cleaner, a washwoman and a piece worker at home. Had "help" been offered from outside of her immediate family she most likely would not have accepted it - and after the disaster neighbors spoke of her approvingly, if not glowingly. By 1904, her three eldest children had entered the work force and for the first time in a long while things were looking up for the Richter family. The General Slocum excursion was probably the first "vacation" they ever had. Emilia's 15 year old son, William, was working in an office and could not make the excursion. Only he and his sister Frances, 10, remained alive by the afternoon of June 15th. Mrs.Richter, along with her children Emilia, 20, Lizzie,19, August, 14, Ernest,12, and Annie, 8, drowned in the water off North Brother Island. Frances Richter gave this account of her mother's sad final moments:
"The first thing I knew was a lot of people yelling 'fire!' and in almost a minute the whole middle of the boat seemed burning. The wind blew the flames towards us, and I saw the dresses of several children catch fire all at once. The screaming was awful. My mother called out to me 'Don't be afraid! Hang over the side!' then she pushed me over the rail and I fell down to the lower deck, outside, and I hung to the railing with my feet and legs in the water."
A final account of the family survives, leaving one to wonder what became of the three survivors of Emilia Richter:
Frances, the ten year old girl who was saved, walked hand-in-hand with her brother, who had not gone. The boy is only fifteen, but he acts like a grown man. The day after the funeral he went back to his work in a commission house downtown, but his employer said to him in kindly fashion: 'Take the week off; come back next Monday.'
'I was glad,' said the boy simply as he came home and took off his coat, 'for now I can get the moving done.' With a little help, he moved over what furniture would be needed from their own tenement to that of his grandmother. The children will live with her for the present.
'She oughtn't be left alone,' explained the boy. 'I will have to take care of her and my little sister. Well, I don't know just how I'm going to do it, but I'll manage it somehow. There isn't anyone else to do it.'
A William Richter, born in 1888 and a bank clerk, is shown as residing with his uncle and aunt, Harry and Alice Richter, on West 25th Sreet in Mnahattan, in the 1910 census. Franis Richter, 15 or 16 when the census was taken, was not residing with her brother, if this is, in fact, the William Richter.
Life in Little Germany was austere in a way that seems unbelievable in the 21st century. My great grandmother was raised in a home where German only was spoken, a switch with which to discipline the children was kept beside the family Bible, the evening meal was preceded by an interminable prayer delivered by Vater, and relentless emphasis was placed on education and personal achievement. It was a typical home for that time and that community. Floors were to be scrubbed by hand and not mopped (mops only spread the dirt) emotions were simply not shown in public and very seldom in private (a very fond memory of mine is of my mother affectionately commenting to my great-grandmother 'You Germans have no sense of humor' and my great-grandmother deadpanning 'We don't need them.'), and bakeries were the province of unmarried men, widowers, and bad mothers - after all, if a woman was not to spend her time baking for her family then she was obviously spending her time up to no good. The mores of Little Germany were deep rooted and utterly intractable. Had widowed Emilia Richter sought help in caring for her eight charges, as a recipient of charity she would have been both pitied and censured. Her crushing 20 hour work day, and emphasis on keeping her family together at all costs, were exactly what the community expected of her. "Her hands were rough, but her children were all clean," words spoken by a neighbor in the days after her death, were as high an accolade in Little Germany as any imaginable. The same rigid belief in self-reliance, and refusal to take charity, remained even in the face of the greatest disaster in New York history. As documented in Ship Ablaze (O'Donnell), when it came time to distribute the large sum of money raised for the Slocum needy, not even the worst off showed up. Finally, the charity was organized in such a way that claimants could apply in complete privacy, safe in the knowledge that all records would be destroyed after the funds were distributed, eliminating any "shameful" evidence of just who petitioned for aid. When the beloved Reverend Haas attempted to use charity money for the benefit of St. Marks Church the reaction was so negative that he was eventually driven way from Little Germany.


text:
Reviews: Anonymous
- Anonymous
- Brazil, Male, 25-30
- Novice Nomad
Hostel Van Gogh, Amsterdam, Netherlands
It is a very nice place. Good location. Very organized. I recommend it!
- Anonymous
- Brazil, Male, 25-30
- Novice Nomad
The Grapes, Manchester, England
The address is wrong! Is in another city, and not on what was reported on the website. We had a lot of transportation costs due to the wrong address.
Hostelworld Mobile Apps
Book on the go with the new Hostelworld mobile apps.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Pak choi (
To date, more than 132 individual glucosinolates have been detected, and they are grouped into aliphatic, aromatic and indole glucosinolates depending on the structure of their side-chain [
Of the two oxime-metabolizing enzymes CYP83A1 and CYP83B1, major progress has been made by using
Two aliphatic oxime-metabolizing enzymes namely
We compared the isolated sequences with the corresponding ones in
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to confirm the expression patterns of the two genes in seven cultivars, as well as in different organs. Actin was used as an internal reference control for total RNA input. In our analysis, the gene-specific primers used for amplification of
Both the aliphatic oxime-metabolizing enzyme and aromatic oxime-metabolizing enzyme were identified in the three organs (roots, leaves and petioles) of pak choi (cv. HZYDE). Though
The concentrations of aliphatic, indole and aromatic glucosinolates in different pak choi cultivars and in different organs of "Hangzhou You Dong Er" cultivar were analyzed. As shown in
In this study, we isolated two
Consistent with the results of previous studies in
The expression patterns of the two genes in leaves of seven cultivars in our study were similar except "ZYYDE" cultivar and the gene expression levels were consistent with the glucosinolate profile accumulation. The expression levels of
The seeds of seven pak choi cultivars (
Total RNA was extracted from samples using TRIzol reagent RNAisoTM Plus (Takara, D9108A) following the manufacturer's protocols. Approximately 0.1 g of tissue was extracted in 1 mL of extraction buffer. After melted in RNA-free water, RNA was quantified by UV spectroscopy and its integrity was visually assessed on ethidium bromide stained agarose gels. The cDNA was synthesized from 500 ng of DNA-free RNA with a PrimeScript RT reagent Kit (Takara, DRR037A) following the manufacturer's protocol.
Degenerate primers allowing amplification were designed based on sequences corresponding to highly conserved peptide regions of
The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were used for multiple alignments and phylogenetic tree analysis. The tree was obtained by ClustalW analysis program [
The oligonucleotide primers for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis were designed with primer3 (version 0.4.0) based on the gene sequences (JQ289997, JQ289996, HM347235 and EX087730) [
For gene expression analysis, first-stranded cDNAs from the leaves of the seven cultivars, and first-stranded cDNAs from the leaves, the petioles and the roots of "HZYDE" cultivar were used as templates. RT-PCR was performed on Applied Biosystems 7300 Real-Time PCR system with the SYBR Green qPCR kit (Takara, DRR081A). Ten-fold diluted cDNA was used as the template in real-time PCR. 25 μL total reaction volume comprised 12.5 μL 2× SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Takara), 1 μL of each primer (10 μM), 2 μL of cDNA, and 8.5 μL of PCR-grade water. The PCR conditions were as the follows: initiated by 30 s at 95 °C, then followed by 40 cycles of 95 °C for 5 s, 60 °C for 31 s, and completed with a melting curve analysis program. No-template controls and melting curve analyses were included in every reaction. Brassica actin (EX087730) was used as the housekeeping gene. A melting curve of denatured double-stranded cDNA was established to test the purity of the products, and the products were re-sequenced to confirm the specificity. Triplicate quantitative PCR experiments were performed for each sample, and the expression values obtained were normalized against actin. Analysis of the relative gene expression data was done using the 2−ΔΔCt method [
The glucosinolate extraction and analysis procedure was performed according to the method of Krumbein with slight modification [
For HPLC, 20 μL samples were analyzed in an Agilent 1200 HPLC system (G1311A quaternary pump, G1322A vacuum solvent delivery degasser, G1316A thermostatted column compartment, Agilent Technologies, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) consisting of a G1329A auto injector, a prontosil ODS2 column (250 × 4 μm, 5 μm, Bischoff, Leonberg, Germany) and a G1315B diode array detector (DAD) set at 229 nm. The mobile phase was ultra pure water (A) and acetonitrile (Tedia, Fairfield, OH, USA) (B) in a linear gradient from 0% to 20% B in 32 min, then constant 20% B for 6 min, following by 100% B and 0% B prior to the injection of the next sample. The flow rate was 1.3 mL·min−1.
In the present study, we isolated and analyzed the glucosinolate biosynthetic genes in pak choi. This is the first report about glucosinolate genes in pak choi although they have been studied in
This research was financially supported by NSFC (30871718), ZJNSF (R3080360, Y3110340) and the fund for Zhejiang Higher School Innovative Research Team (T200916).
Multiple alignment of deduced amino acid sequences of
Multiple alignment of deduced amino acid sequences of
Phylogenetic tree of the cDNA sequences of the plant glycosyltransferase superfamily. GenBank accession numbers are:
Relative expression analysis of
Relative expression analysis of
Aliphatic, indole and aromatic glucosinolates content (μmol) in shoots of different cultivars and in different organs of "Hangzhou You Dong Er" cultivar. Data are the means of three biological repeats ± standard deviation.
|Aliphatic GS
|0.43 ± 0.07
|0.94 ± 0.07
|0.49 ± 0.07
|0.54 ± 0.08
|0.98 ± 0.04
|2.90 ± 0.34
|0.87 ± 0.10
|1.89 ± 0.29
|0.12 ± 0.02
|0.48 ± 0.05
|Indole GS
|0.68 ± 0.03
|0.76 ± 0.03
|0.30 ± 0.01
|0.45 ± 0.02
|0.52 ± 0.02
|0.59 ± 0.03
|0.75 ± 0.10
|0.25 ± 0.06
|0.94 ± 0.10
|0.24 ± 0.04
|Aromatic GS
|0.38 ± 0.02
|0.51 ± 0.02
|0.31 ± 0.03
|0.59 ± 0.07
|0.63 ± 0.04
|0.46 ± 0.07
|0.61 ± 0.05
|0.28 ± 0.06
|0.78 ± 0.07
|0.25 ± 0.03
|Total GS
|1.49 ± 0.07
|2.21 ± 0.09
|1.10 ± 0.09
|1.58 ± 0.11
|2.13 ± 0.05
|3.95 ± 0.41
|2.23 ± 0.04
|2.43 ± 0.24
|1.84 ± 0.17
|0.97 ± 0.05


text:
B1 [ C ] a polite or old-fashioned way of referring to or talking to a woman:
› [ C ] old-fashioned a woman who behaves in a way that is traditionally considered to be suitable for a woman:
› [ as form of address ] US used to talk to a woman in a way that is not polite and is considered offensive by many women:
Hey, lady, what's the rush?
ladies [ S, + sing/pl verb ] UK US ladies' room
ladies and gentlemen
More examples
- In those days it was considered not quite proper for young ladies to be seen talking to men in public.
- I was standing waiting for a bus, wedged between two elderly ladies and their bags of shopping.
- The old lady rented us her spare bedroom for £55 a week.
- Step aside, please - this lady needs a doctor.
- Don't speak to me in that tone of voice , young lady!
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words
You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:


text:
We are committed to supporting women facing a crisis pregnancy and providing information about all the options.
To speak to a support worker in confidence, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Our services include:
- Free pregnancy testing
- Information about pregnancy, adoption and abortion
- Support for those facing any crisis concerning pregnancy
- Post-abortion support
Need a safe place, a relaxed setting and some time to think things through?
Call confidentially on 07984 436 609


text:
If you are thinking about postgraduate study, you'll also be thinking about postgraduate work.
A third of PhD-trained researchers in Australia work in industry but this proportion is set to boom during your career (in the US it's more like two-thirds).
If you are thinking about further study, give some thought to where you'll end up working and consider training through a Cooperative Research Centre (CRC).
CRCs give you industry experience and the chance to work on the major challenges facing Australia.
Scholarship opportunities at CRCs
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC
- Capital Markets CRC
- Dairy Futures CRC
- Invasive Animals CRC
- CRC for Low Carbon Living
- CRC for Mental Health
- CRCMining
- Oral Health CRC
- CRC for Polymers
- Pork CRC
- Poultry CRC
- CRC for Remote Economic Participation
- Sheep CRC
- Space Environment Management CRC
Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC
The Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC and its partners are committed to educating the climate change, oceanography, polar and ecology researchers of tomorrow. ACE offers the opportunity for multidisciplinary research in Hobart, Tasmania, a key hub of marine and polar research, both nationally and internationally.
At ACE you will be able to undertake important research that is translated into tangible outputs for uptake by governments, industry and the community. Our research makes a difference.
See our potential research projects here: www.acecrc.org.au/Postgraduates
Capital Markets CRC
Exciting Research & Opportunities for International Travel
Scholarship positions are available in London, Paris, Toronto, Washington DC, Hong Kong, Singapore, Melbourne and Sydney.
Research is industry-sponsored, and involves the placement of research students with high profile industry partners, access to quality data and supervision from prominent academics. Topics include market design, market behavior, investment management, trading, surveillance, compliance and data mining.
Successful applicants will have completed an Honors or Master's degree from an internationally recognised university and display strong academic and practical skills in finance, information technology or related disciplines such as actuarial studies, statistics, econometrics and applied mathematics. Applications are sought from Australian and New Zealand permanent residents or from international students eligible for an Australian student visa.
About us
The Capital Markets Cooperative Research Centre, based in Sydney, is a $100m facility, backed by the Australian Federal Government, which involves the collaboration of leading Australian universities, domestic and international industry partners and the NSW Government. Founded in 2001, the CMCRC is dedicated to applied research that develops new technologies that enhance capital market integrity and efficiency.
The CMCRC's research is supported by security exchanges, and regulators in Australia, the UK, Singapore, Hong Kong, Europe, and North America. Students are based both in Australia and overseas and have opportunity to travel. The CMCRC provides an exciting, high caliber, and well-resourced research environment for work in capital markets.
Apply now!
The scholarship application form and details are available at: www.cmcrc.com/scholarships
Dairy Futures CRC
Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) is a large-scale partnership between dairy farmers, pasture & cattle breeding companies, government & researchers. Dairy Futures CRC is developing genetic technologies that will be used on farms to improve the productivity & sustainability of the Australian Dairy industry. These innovations will bring health benefits to consumers & will boost Australia's economy. Project areas include plant molecular genetics, animal genomics, metabolomics, computational biology, bioinformatics, economic modeling, functional genomics, phenomics, mathematics, computer science, molecular breeding. Opportunities include: generous stipend up to $27,600, research with direct industry application, travel to local and international conferences, professional training in communication skills, research commercialisation, career development.
A limited number of full scholarships is available through a competitive application process. Top-up scholarships are available for successful applicants who already hold a scholarship.
To apply contact the Education Manager Belinda Griffiths on [email protected] or call (03) 9032 7187.
Invasive Animals CRC
"Linking quality research with excellent students"
Imagine working on your doctorate in the stimulating and supportive intellectual environment of a leading Australian or overseas university with four years' funding support, compared to the usual three years.
Your PhD research will work with cutting-edge technology and achieve practical solutions to a real $1 billion research problem. Invasive animals damage the Australian environment and reduce agricultural productivity.
Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre (IA CRC) PhD scholarships are the only Australian PhD scholarship that offer a total of four years funding as well as additional specialised training that provides successful PhDs with a marketing advantage over others in the marketplace.
PhD opportunities within the IA CRC
- innovative research projects supervised by leading researchers
- 19 PhDs are being offered in innovative research projects covering ecology, virology, molecular biology, natural resource modelling, sociology, socio-economics and herbivore fertility control
- 2012 level AUD$30,728 tax-free annually, inclusive of $7,000 top-up and indexed annually
- four-year scholarship, enabling PhDs to conduct longer-term studies and to undertake customised additional skills training
- targeted additional training (Balanced Researcher Program) which will give you the edge in your future career.
In the IA CRC, postgraduate students are embedded with research projects that contribute both to the IA CRC's operational targets and real world invasive animal problems. The IA CRC links research with end-users resulting in student research having a greater impact on the agricultural and environmental management sector. Projects will be supported financially and logistically by IA CRC research programs.
With industry support, IA CRC mentoring and more skills training than their PhD peers, we expect our postgraduates to be highly competitive in the job market and to become the research leaders of the future.
These projects offer a choice of locations across Australia, as well as opportunities to work overseas. International students are encouraged to apply, however acceptance may depend on the policies regarding international students at the enrolling universities.
Details of the IA CRC research projects, PhD scholarships and Balanced Researcher Program are available at http://www.invasiveanimals.com/education/phd-project-opportunities/
Applications for study commencing in 2013 close on 17 August 2012. Some projects can start mid-2012 but these applications would have to be in by early May.
Further enquiries to Dr Tony Buckmaster [email protected]
CRC for Low Carbon Living
Do you have a passion for sustainability and an interest in contributing towards the development of tools, knowledge, techniques and technologies for a low-carbon built environment?
The CRC for Low Carbon Living (CRCLCL) is offering scholarships for PhD and Masters by Research.
For Australian students, these scholarships are valued at $65,000 over two years for Masters and $95,000 over three years for PhD students to help complete your studies. International applications and top-up awards will also be considered. Scholarship positions are available in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth.
The CRC for Low Carbon Living (CRCLCL) is a national research and innovation hub that supports Australian industry to be globally competitive in the low carbon built environment sector. It brings together property, planning, engineering and policy organisations with leading Australian researchers. CRCLCL develops new social, technological and policy tools for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment.
Please contact the CRCLCL Education Leader, Denny McGeorge or Sara Fagir to find out more on how you could improve your expertise and career with a CRCLCL research degree.
For more details please visit www.lowcarbonlivingcrc.com.au/education/higher-degree-research-students-how-apply
CRC for Mental Health
Are you interested in researching Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia or mood disorders?
The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health undertakes research into the early detection and treatment of these neurodegenerative diseases and psychoses. Our main research focus is on discovering biomarkers which can assist in diagnosing these diseases before the onset of mental decline. The CRC is committed to working with health care professionals to ensure our research is integrated into medical and health care practices. We offer a range of research projects which relate to biomarker discovery and its translation into clinical application.
The CRC for Mental Health is a research consortium comprised of twenty different organisations including universities, research organisations, industry, clinical end users and philanthropic organisations.
Top-up scholarships are available for postgraduate students working on approved research projects at the University of Melbourne, the University of Western Australia and Edith Cowan University.
For more details please see www.mentalhealthcrc.com
CRCMining has a vibrant postgraduate and undergraduate education program. Research is conducted on commercially viable projects to tackle the technical challenges facing CRCMining industry members.
Scholarships for undergraduate vacation work and internships are open to talented honours students.
Scholarships for both Masters and PhD higher research degrees are generous and available to high calibre, suitably qualified Mining, Electrical, Mechanical or Mechatronic graduates.
Graduate Program
The Centre conducts a Graduate Program every year, where high calibre graduates undertake work within the Centre to prepare them for a career in mining R&D.
Find out more at www.crcmining.com.au
Oral Health CRC
Want to work on:
- Preventing oral cancer?
- Promoting oral health?
- Using biochemistry to prevent tooth decay?
- Vaccine development for gum disease?
- Bacterial biofilms?
Consider a postgraduate course with the Oral Health CRC. Scholarships are available for students at Participant Universities. For more information please visit www.oralhealthcrc.org.au.
CRC for Polymers
The Cooperative Research Centre for Polymers is offering scholarships for leading-edge research in the areas of polymer science and engineering. The range of research conducted within the Centre is broad and includes polymer chemistry, polymer physics, materials science, materials engineering, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, and related disciplines. It impacts on the biotechnology, energy, manufacturing, and agricultural sectors of the economy.
The CRC for Polymers brings together researchers from universities in Victoria (Melbourne, Monash, Swinburne), New South Wales (NSW, Newcastle, New England, Wollongong), Queensland (UQ, QUT, Griffith) and Western Australia (UWA); Government research organisations (CSIRO and ANSTO); manufacturing companies (including BASF SE, BlueScope Steel, Mesoblast Ltd, Virbac (Australia) Pty Ltd, and Integrated Packaging); Coliban Region Water Corporation, NSW DPI, Rice Research Australia and Greening Australia Ltd. Scholarship holders will be based at the participating universities and benefit from access to a wide range of equipment and expertise spanning the Centre.
The scholarships are 3 years in duration and are valued at A$30,000 p.a. or A$10,000 p.a. as a supplementary scholarship to holders of an APA (or equivalent) scholarship. Each Scholarship is accompanied by a project support amount of A$8,000 p.a. which is paid to the relevant university. The Centre will also provide scholarship holders with a range of additional training and networking opportunities that will enhance career development.
For further details on the scholarships including a list of supervisors and the application procedure, please visit: www.crcp.com.au/education-2/scholarships
Pork CRC
There has never been a better time to become involved in Australia's pork industry, with the innovative, well resourced CRC for High Integrity Australian Pork (Pork CRC) now offering honours and postgraduate awards, which pay up to $38,500 per year.
More than $7 million of research and development funding has been allocated by the Pork CRC in 2012/13 to support and develop Australia's pork industry, which employs 20,000 people and contributes $2.8 billion to Australia's gross domestic product.
According to Pork CRC CEO, Dr Roger Campbell, those existing Pork CRC projects most likely to support honours and postgraduate students have been identified, including the need for a postgraduate student in Sub Program 1B.
"The successful applicant will study piglet nutrition and management under new housing and weaning systems we're developing and also enjoy travel and training opportunities with our international collaborators and participants," he said.
Postgraduate applications are also being sought in Sub Program 4B – optimising the processing of grains to enhance feed efficiency and reduce carbon outputs.
Postgraduate awards, valued at $38,500 per year, comprise $28,500 stipend and $10,000 student development, with $5000 of the development funds held by the Pork CRC for student programs, including travel, training courses.
Pork CRC is also seeking honours students for Program 1 (Confinement-free sow and piglet management), Program 2 (Herd Health Management), Program 3 (Healthy Pork Consumption) and Program 4 (Carbon conscious nutrient inputs and outputs).
Undergraduate (honours) awards carry a stipend of $10,000, with half paid to the student and half covering operational costs.
Honours awards had generally resulted in excellent scientific and commercial outcomes and the Pork CRC's active mentoring program incorporated attendance at industry and scientific meetings and training in the science and practice of pork production.
Meanwhile, Australian pork production businesses wanting direct access to the best and brightest young minds are encouraged to consider taking on a Pork CRC supported honours student or post-graduate for three years under the Pork CRC Industry Placement Program, which offers the sponsoring business $35,000 per year for the first two years.
These Industry Placement awards offer students employment with a commercial organisation for at least three years, while they remain actively involved in R&D.
For further details and application forms for Pork CRC honours and postgraduate awards (which close October 15, 2012) and details of the Industry Placement awards, visit the website www.porkcrc.com.au or contact Pork CRC Research Manager, Graeme Crook, email [email protected] or Tel 08 8303 7933.
Poultry CRC
The Poultry CRC conducts research and drives education and training to help Australia's poultry industries produce more from less, sustainably.
This requires innovative approaches to:
- maintaining poultry health and enhancing bird welfare
- improving resource utilisation and reducing environmental impacts of poultry production
- controlling poultry product-associated food safety issues and enhancing egg quality for consumers
Postgraduate scholarships are available (at one of the participating universities) for a period of two years for a Masters by research degree or three years for a Doctorate by research degree (PhD). Award holders receive an annual stipend and may also be eligible for other allowances The Poultry CRC postgraduate scholarships are tax-free and are valued at AUD30,000 per annum.
Honours scholarships (1 year in duration ) are also available and are valued at $5000.
We encourage prospective students to either contact us directly or contact potential supervisors at Poultry CRC participating universities. Scholarship applications are reviewed year round.
For more information please visit Poultry CRC Scholarships, or contact the Poultry CRC Education Manager, Liz Roan.
CRC for Remote Economic Participation
About us
The Cooperative Research Centre for Remote Economic Participation (CRC-REP) is focused on delivering solutions to the economic disadvantage that affects remote Australia. Through our research, CRC-REP provides practical responses to the complex issues that can restrict full economic participation.
We are a partnership organisation of more than fifty members. These members include the Australian Government and four state and territory governments, numerous non-government organisations, universities and other research providers, private businesses and industries from mining, pastoralism and tourism. Thirty per cent of our membership comes from Aboriginal organisations and communities.
The CRC for Remote Economic Participation is looking for twenty-four of the nation's most highly-motivated postgraduates to develop a brighter future for remote Australians.
Between 2011 and 2014 the CRC-REP is committed to training postgraduate students at doctoral, masters and honours level, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander postgraduates.
CRC-REPs research projects have a direct benefit to the jobs, lives, enterprises and communities of remote Australia. Postgraduates students are supported by industry and research mentors, and are provided will numerous professional learning opportunities.
Apply now!
Details of the research projects and scholarship application details are available at: http://crc-rep.com/
Sheep CRC
The Sheep CRC is offering scholarships to PhD and Masters degree candidates for research projects at a choice of sites across the CRC network.
Flexible opportunities are also available for industry-based professionals seeking high level research qualifications while maintaining their current profession.
Preference will be given to students intending to enroll at the CRC partner institutions: The University of New England in Armidale, NSW; Deakin University, VIC; Murdoch University, WA; The University of Western Australia; and The University of Tasmania.
The scholarships will provide a tax-free stipend of $30,000 (Masters) or $30,000 (PhD) per annum for two or three years respectively.
The CRC also offers supplementary stipends to students eligible for other government or private agency scholarships, to achieve a stipend total of $30,000.
Applications are welcome year-round and will be assessed bi-annually in competitive rounds.
For more information go to http://www.sheepcrc.org.au/education/phd-and-masters-scholarships.php or contact Dr Graham Gardner at Murdoch University
phone 08 9360 2264 or email [email protected].
CRC for Space Environment Management
The CRC for Space Environment Management, administered by the Space Environment Research Centre (SERC), has a strong focus on education and training.
Based at the Mt Stromlo Observatory in Canberra, SERC is overseeing four Research Programs whose main objectives include:
* promoting the advancement of the safety and security of Australia and the Australian public by addressing the challenges of space environment management which directly impact Australia's economy and national security (including but not limited to space debris management, orbital science and technology, space asset management and protection, intelligence, border security and diplomacy;
* pursuing world class scientific research and training relevant to the field;
* increasing the skills of persons already working in the field and to training and equipping new postgraduate and other students with the skills and attributes to continue being productive in the field;
* promoting a managed and cooperative approach to scientific research and education so as to maximise the benefits to Australia and internationally from that scientific research and education.
Offering an attractive combination of university and industry based research, SERC will award:
* postgraduate HDR supplementary (top-up) scholarships up to $15,000 each per annum to high calibre students; and
* One full HDR scholarship to the value of $30,000 per annum to an exceptional student in space research or a related field.
SERC accepts applications year round from students specialising in science and mathematics, physics, engineering, space sciences, space tracking, laser physics, laser engineering, adaptive optics, astrodynamics, atmospheric sciences and related fields.
Click here for more information.


text:
We understand.
With frustration over Congress at an all-time high, it's tempting to vote for a political newcomer instead of an incumbent.
But not in the July 22 Republican Senate runoff between U.S. Rep. Jack Kingston and businessman David Perdue. Georgia needs tested experience to fight for our state in a Democrat-controlled government that is failing the American people.
Georgia needs Jack Kingston. And the nation does, too.
He realizes the culture of corruption at the VA needs to be fixed to extend the best possible care to our nation's veterans.
He's fighting for tighter border security and against illegal immigration from his seat in the House Immigration Reform Caucus.
He wants to scrap the new bloated bureaucracy that has come with Obamacare.
He wants a simpler, fairer tax code. And you do, too.
Kingston has a solid background supporting the military presence in Georgia, a state vitally important to national defense. As a House member he's already represented the best interests of several of Georgia's military installations. He would be a superb Senate advocate for Augusta's Fort Gordon. Indeed, he helped vigorously push for the U.S. Army Cyber Command to locate here in the CSRA.
His conservative credentials are solid. He has a lifetime voting record of 100 percent in line with the National Conservative Union, and 96 percent with the National Federation of Independent Business. The National Rifle Association endorses him. So does the National Right to Life.
It's going to take a candidate with broad appeal to face off against Democratic nominee Michelle Nunn in November. Kingston's got that appeal.
U.S. Rep. Phil Gingrey, who came in fourth in May's Republican Senate primary, is a longtime congressional colleague of Kingston's. Gingrey strongly endorses Kingston, based on their strong working relationship in the U.S. House of Representatives, and based on the leanings of Gingrey's own primary supporters.
Karen Handel, the Tea Party favorite who placed third in the GOP primary, supports Kingston, too. During the race, he rightly won her admiration for "his integrity and fighting spirit," Morris News Service reported.
And if you want to gauge Kingston's job-approval rating, consider this: In Kingston's 10 general elections for his U.S. House seat, he won, on average, more than 75 percent of the vote. That's what the people he represented thought of him and his work in Washington, D.C.
Lawmakers don't maintain a House career as long as Kingston's without learning how to forge and leverage relationships with other members of Congress to get things done. That valuable leadership trait is crucial.
Our colleagues at the Savannah Morning News used the term "battle-tested conservative" in their endorsement of Kingston. Precisely. Our state needs a senator to wage battle for conservative values and causes in a Democrat-entrenched Senate. And if you're going into battle, you want to send your most experienced personnel. This, after all, is political war.
So would you want a political veteran like Kingston, or a raw recruit like Perdue?
In a May interview, Perdue let it slip that he was not against increasing government "revenue." To voters, increasing government revenue means increasing our taxes. It's a comment he's been trying to take back since it left his mouth.
Perdue may be touted as a good man with solid values, but those traits won't help him very much if he has to start at rock-bottom in the Capitol Hill power game. Can Georgia afford to give Perdue a few years to rise in the ranks before he ascends to a meaningful position of political influence?
That's where Kingston is right now. He began his career in the U.S. House in 1993 and has been accruing valuable political clout ever since. Georgia needs that clout now more than ever.
Jack Kingston deserves your vote July 22.


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- {{matchup.date.fullday}}{{matchup.date.month + ' ' + matchup.date.day}}
Game Wrap - Houston 5-4 Victors Over Twins
Houston grabbed a 5-4 win over Minnesota on Friday, as Dallas Keuchel was credited with a win at Target Field.
The Astros were a +106 underdog in the win. The combined score went OVER the total, which closed at 8.
Houston got 6 innings from Dallas Keuchel, who gave up 0 earned runs on 5 hits, while striking out 6. Dallas Keuchel earned the victory, while the Astros got 2 RBIs from George Springer in the win.
Minnesota's starting pitcher Philip Hughes worked 6 innings, giving up 6 hits and 5 earned runs while striking out 7 in the loss. They got 3 hits from Eduardo Escobar in a losing cause.
Minnesota outhit their counterparts 10-8 in the game.
C Qualls pitched the final 1 innings for the save. He struck out 0 and allowed 0 hits in his outing.


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For medicines dey give us asafiddy (asafetida), calomel, and castor oil more dan anything else for our diff'unt ailments.
Mighty nigh all de chillun had a little teency bag of asafetida, on a string 'round they necks, to keep off diseases.
asafetida is found in commerce in "lump" or in "tear," the latter being the purer form.
Us used to wear garlic and asafetida 'round our neck to keep off diseases; never had many neither.
Den some peoples keeps a bag of asafetida tied round dey neck to keep off sickness.
asafetida was used on us at all times and sage tea was considered a splendid medicine.
However, I do know that we wore little sacks of asafetida around our necks to keep off diseases, and the white folks wore it too.
Likewise, in the spring of the year he frequently anointed the young of the species with a mixture of mutton suet and asafetida.
"Pleasant and palatable as castor oil mixed with asafetida," replied the manager with a scowl.
Little bags of asafetida was used to hang around de little chillun's necks to ward off fever or diptheria.
late 14c., from Medieval Latin asa (Latinized from Persian aza "mastic") + foetida, fem. of foetidus "stinking" (see fetid).


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Stores »
Gas mack meets belt. This is wacky and way out there, but how about being one of a few wearing this unique belt?
Cut out windows in blue stingray with a red leather. Look HOT.
Refined and sharp, the stingray in kermit green is very classy. I'd ask for his number.
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Current Newswire:
In Smartphone Wars, Darwinism Triumphs Over Intelligent DesignNov 09, 2009, 18:33 (1 Talkback[s])
(Other stories by Jason Perlow)
[ Thanks to Jason Perlow for this link. ]
"At around 8PM Friday evening, I walked into the Route 4 Paramus, New Jersey Verizon corporate store and walked up to the counter and said two words: "DROID Me."
Related Stories:
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March 14, 2013 – Patrons needing material housed in the NVC Resource Center in Falls Church, Virginia to be delivered to one of our Blacksburg campus library branches (Newman, Art + Architecture, or Vet Med) can now use a new link in the External Links box on the Addison screen for that box. Use the "Blacksburg campus users can request this NVC item via ILLiad" link, log in to your ILLiad account, and submit the filled out form.
Interlibrary Loan staff will obtain the book from the NVC (or a closer library) and send it to the branch of your choice (or your participating department through the Book Runner service). You will be notified via email once the book is ready to pick up (as is true for all of our requesting services).


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by Staff Writers
London, UK (SPX) Jul 08, 2013
Why did animals with limbs win the race to invade land over those with fins? A new study comparing the forces acting on fins of mudskipper fish and on the forelimbs of tiger salamanders can now be used to analyze early fossils that spanned the water-to-land transition in tetrapod evolution, and further understand their capability to move on land.
Research conducted by Sandy Kawano and Richard Blob at Clemson University compared terrestrial locomotion in tiger salamanders and mudskipper fish, which have similar characteristics to early tetrapod ancestors.
The researchers filmed these organisms as they walked over a force platform which measures forces like a bathroom scale but separates them into 3 directions (upward, fore-aft, and side-to-side). They compared the forces experienced by the pectoral fins of the mudskipper fishes to the forelimbs and hind limbs of walking tiger salamanders.
The results showed that that mudskippers' pectoral fins experience more medial forces than the limbs of salamanders, and that the forelimbs could have a played a similar weight-bearing role as the hind limbs.
Sandy Kawano said: "The transition from fins to limbs marks the most dramatic change in orientation of the locomotor forces from contact with the ground. Using these data we can now evaluate the locomotor capabilities of numerous important fossil taxa that spanned the water-to-land transition in tetrapod evolution.
"We hypothesise that the medial orientation of the forces on pectoral fins would result in unreasonably high bone stresses in early amphibious fish with fins, which would explain why the evolutionary invasion of land by vertebrates was accomplished instead by tetrapods with limbs with digits."
Related Links
Society for Experimental Biology
Explore The Early Earth at TerraDaily.com
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I have always had straight teeth, but they started to shift when I turned 23 (I'm 24 now and they are still shifting). If I get Invisalign and straighten my teeth, will the results be permanent, or will I have to worry about shifting again?
How Long Do Invisalign Results Last?
Doctor Answers 10
Relapse is a problem
Many of the Invisalign cases we do are re-treatments of adults who had braces as a teen. Most often they stopped wearing their retainer and the teeth relapsed. Relapse often occurs because there is just too much tooth structure to fit the space where the body wants the teeth to be. With Invisalign, in many cases we will slenderize the teeth to make them fit better. This will make them more stable long term, but we still recommend retainers at night.
Does invisalign results last
No matter what method is used to move teeth (invisalign and braces), the teeth need to be retained using retainers for as long as you want to keep the teeth aligned. Teeth will always have a tendency to relapse once retainers are no longer used. 10-12 hours a night with a retainer is all that is necessary to keep them aligned.
Invisalign results
Invisalign results last just as well as traditional braces as long as you wear your retainers regularly as your Dentist recommends. Usually I recommend wearing them to bed every night for as long as you want your teeth to remain straight. They will move if not maintained.
You might also like...
As long as retainers are worn!
Invisalign is a wonderful way to straighten teeth that have shifted after braces. Once invisalign has achieved the goal of straightening the teeth, a retainer must be worn every night to maintain the teeth in the position. If this is done, the teeth should stay straight as long as the retainer is worn.
Invisalign results may not last if....
It really depends, with you being a male, some males can grow into their early twenties, especially regarding the growth of your lower jaw. This would cause your bite to change, but your teeth would still be straight.
You say your 24, so you should be ok. Regardless, retainer wear is a must lifetime. If you are able to wear your retainers to bed every night, your result should never change.
Straight teeth need retainers.
Just like the other parts of the body, teeth continually change. This is true whether or not they have been straightened with orthodontics. The best insurance against shifting is long-term retainer use - the retainers often being removable and worn part time. In situations where very extensive treatment has been undertaken, your orthodontist may recommend, for extra protection against rebound, retainer wires cemented to the inner surface of your teeth. With consistent retainer use, you can be assured you will have a lifetime of benefit from your orthodontic treatment!
Invisalign Results Can Last a Lifetime
Great question! As an orthodontist, we are always concerned about the longevity of our results. Teeth always want to go back to the way they were because the gums and bone holding the teeth have a memory of where they came from. Unless teeth are held indefinitely, they will tend to shift back. That's what retainers are for. With Invisalign, the aligners are so easy to wear, that most people don't think it is a big deal to wear them while sleeping. After a couple years of nighttime wear, a person may be able to gradually reduce to one or two nights a week and still maintain the corrections forever. Now that is something to sleep on!
How long does Invisalign last?
Invisalign is just a more esthetic approach to orthodontics. Teeth will tend to move if not held in place by some method. Usually, with Invisialign a clear plastic retainer is worn at night to maintain the correct and straight position of the teeth.
Invisalign results will last for the rest of your life if you wear retainers
Invisalign results
As long as you faithfully wear your retainer and the retainer is examined and adjusted for proper fit, then you should retain your results indefinitely. Be sure to wear your retainers faithfully and if they feel like they don't fit tight have them tightened or remade.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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'Hart of Dixie's' George Gets a New Love Interest; 'Once Upon a Time' Nabs 'Lost's' Jorge Garcia
Zoe Hart (Rachel Bilson) is going to have some competition for George's (Scott Porter) heart in the second season of The CW's Hart of Dixie. Kelen Coleman (The Newsroom, The Office) has been cast as a love interest for the newly single gentleman. Coleman was also recently cast as the lead in TV Land's comedy pilot Brothers-in-Law. [TVLine]
Which pair will have their very own special episode in the upcoming season of Grey's Anatomy?
Besties Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh) are getting their very own episode of Grey's Anatomy. Creator Shonda Rhimes says the episode will be something completely different than anything they've done before on the show saying, "I don't think we've ever told a story the way we're telling a story in this episode." [TVLine]
The Roloffs are going down under. The cast of TLC's Little People, Big World are going on vacation to Australia. The family will have an emotional journey as Zach brings his girlfriend on the trip and Jeremy sees how things have changed since he went away to college. Little People, Big World: Down Under will airs on Sept. 3 at 8 PM. [TLC]
Jorge Garcia is joining Emilie de Ravin as yet another Lost alum on ABC's Once Upon a Time. Though there is limited information about his role, we do know the actor will be playing "The Giant." [EW]
Showtime is starting Season 2 of Homeland off with a bang with a premiere party held on the Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum in New York City on Sept. 7. The museum is home to historic space shuttle Enterprise. You can be a part of it via livestream at 6:30 PM ET/3:30 PM ET through Now Live on the Homeland Facebook Page. Homeland premieres on Sunday Sept. 30 at 10 PM on Showtime. [Showtime]
Parks and Recreation showrunner Mike Schur is reprising his role on The Office. Once again, he'll be playing a kooky relative of Dwight (Rainn Wilson) in the planted spinoff episode, "The Farm." This episode of The Office will be all about Dwight, will serve as a possible pilot and feature his many relatives. [TVLine]
Thursday Morning, the entire Good Morning America family donned bright wristbands in support of their co-anchor Robin Roberts and her diagnosis of MDS. The wristbands — which are engraved with her initials and the words, "life, love, power, presence" — can be purchased at ShopBeTheMatch.org.
Here Comes Honey Boo Boo is taking over television. The TLC series is on a role as for the second week in a row it was the No.1 ad-supported cable show. Honey Boo Boo was also the No. 1 show for women 18-34 amongst all other networks, both broadcast and cable. The dramatic "forklift foot" reveal gave the series its highest ratings yet.


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Manufacturing Area
Category: Food & Beverage Packaging
cruet bottle 60mlKeyword : cruet bottle
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2399 Riverside Parkway
Grand Junction, CO 81505
Epoxy injection is a procedure to "weld" cracks in concrete together, which improves its performance and extends its useful life. It involves a low viscosity epoxy resin mixed according to specifications and pumped under pressure through drilled holes that intersect the crack, and/or through injection ports mechanically or epoxied in place over the crack.
Mays Construction Specialties, Inc. uses the latest equipment and proven materials with trained and certified repair technicians to ensure the desired results required for this type of repair work.
Epoxy injection at
Hilltop Rehabillitaion Center pool
in Grand Junction, CO.
Polyurethane injection is most commonly used for water control by
injection into cracks or joints to form a gasket, by injection through a structure to form a barrier between structure and soil, or by injection into the soil to consolidate the soil into a monolithic, impermeable barrier.
To download this
info in a printable
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