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Route Grade Votings
Total votes cast 61
Adjacent Routes
The tricky bulging crack-line was named after a bet that the crag was worked out; well it wasn't forty years ago and it probably isn't now!
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who's squeezed under the boulder?
I have. Don't bother with a helmet... it gets stuck. A nut can stop the rope jamming under the boulder, which is handy.
great fun to watch your mates getting stuck at the boulder.
I have also. Brilliant fun.
BRilliant Route! I didn't squeeze under the boulder as thats stupid! The gear at the top was bombing and it definately pays to get onto the arete lower down near the top otherwise you face dislocating your shoulders to reach a LH hand and bicep jam and a dodgy push off smear on the arete! Definately worth 3 stars though!
This move was utterly impossible. Its easier to escape onto Obsession Fatale (E8 6c) for top out.
I squeezed through the boulder and it was ace, though a rope and a rack was more of a hinderance than a help. Solo it, the bottom is easy. In fact isn't squeezing under the boulder more like VDiff 6a?
this really really hurt. after going under the boulder my body feels like it has been sanded down.
Escaped rightwards onto the Obsession Fatale for top out. Awkward but very enjoyable.
Absolutely fantastic
Climbing over the huge round boulder on the 'ledge' at half-height, rather than squirming under it, makes the climb a lot more interesting.
Surely the line in the Western Grit topo for the inside route is wroing? It shows it going under the boulders at about half height, which is possible, and quite fun, but so full of earth that it's obviously hardly ever done. Whereas the route behind the boulder in the crack at the top is well worn.
Where is the crux of this route as i found that i could go over the boulder at half height (where the guide book say's is the crux) easily but then got stuck trying to get onto the slab. Also is the squeeze at the mid height boulders or at the top of the route?
Having thoroughly enjoyed watching the flailing legs of my (somewhat scrawny) boyfriend as he grunted his way through the hole, it was my turn. Unfortunately, having run out of things to push my feet against and having one half-dislocated arm wedged against my ear - no amount of grunting and cursing could get my lady butt through that hole! I was forced to hang my head in shame and down climb to my sandwiches.
Why oh why would you want to squirm under the boulder. enjoyed the crux though, left hand arm jam, left foot in crack, right foot on face, right hand palming on face and the rest is history. that notched up 100th climb this year.


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Celebrities Supporting Donald Trump for President
Celebrity| | By Ryan Miller
You can say a lot of things about Donald Trump. Some might say that his skin is slowly turning the exact color of a tangerine. Others might say that he seems to be living his life like a Make-a-Wish fulfillment gone horribly wrong. But what you CAN'T say about him is that he doesn't know how to campaign for president.
Even though he really kind of seems like he's running for president based solely on some type of elaborate dare he lost, he's still managed to drum up his fair share of support. There are a number of his fellow celebrities, for example, that would absolutely love to see Trump and his hairpiece win the presidency in November. A few of the names on this list will probably surprise you… but most of them probably shouldn't. At all. They actually kind of make perfect sense, honestly.

subset: commoncrawl


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FOA is the world's first XSL-FO Authoring tool. It is a Java application that gives users a graphical interface to author XSL-FO stylesheets. With FOA you can generate pages, page sequences and fill them with content provided into one or more XML files. F
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Giselle Scarf by Kristin Omdahl
Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 11 projects made from this pattern and much more? create a free account What am I missing?
© Tahki Yarns
Giselle Scarf
Errata available: tahkistacycharles.com
Knitted measurements: 8" x 60"/20.5 cm x 152.5 cm
errata: Row 4, the SSK should be an SSP.


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You can found out the perfect meaning of Qabool in English and Urdu and more detail about this name.
Qabool is a Muslim name for baby boy and meaning is Accepted, accreditec.
Meaning in English, Accepted, accreditec
Meaning in Urdu,
Gender, Boy
Below some other suggestion of related baby names, that similar sound, which you will help to keep suitable name for your cute baby.Abdul qabiz, Servant of the Withholder
Maraqab, Ranks, praises.
Qabbaab, Lion
Qabeel, Son of prophet Aadam
Qabid, The ConstrictorA Name for Allah
Qabiz, One of the ninety
Qabool, Accepted, accreditec
Qabalah, Responsibility
Qabila, Able, wise.
Qabilah, Consenting.
Most Popular NamesView more popular baby names
All the content on this website,Its purpose is to provide information only.So before select your child's name to take guidance from a religious scholar or loacal imam.


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Chelsea's Didier Drogba remarried his wife and mother of his 3 kids Lalla Diakite in a private ceremony at the Marie de Monaco in Monaco in the south of France.
The couple had a tiny wedding back in the day when he was struggling to make it to teh pros & now that he's playing for one of the world's top teams he has decided to give her the wedding of her dreams. But instead of an over the top opulent bash the couple opted to invite only close family & friends.
According to source who told UK's Sun "Didier isn't interested in celebrity magazine deals or needless expense.
"He just wants a private wedding with his closest friends and family. He wants to give Lalla the wedding of her dreams because they couldn't afford much when they got together as youngsters in France."
Their 3 kids were part of the bridal train, while team-mates Salomon Kalou and Florent Malouda among the groom's men
The event was a star studded bash with Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich officiating, Didier also flew in singer J.Martins & Akon in to perform.
Drogba became a fan of the J. Martins after hearing his collaboration with Congolese music star, Fally Ipupa on the Jupa Remix.
Awww bless it's really refreshing to see a black footballer with a black African woman…when they make a few dosh most of them tend to date white bottle blond chicks with cleavage the size of watermelons & extensions down to their waists!
Celestine Babayaro comes to mind.
Yay for Black African LOVE!


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text: Dear Simon, thanks for Your fast response! Your answer is exactly what I have already supposed. Ok, this is only a minor problem. The situation is the following: a user submits a couple of jobs, lets say 100. He sets the requested walltime to a value of maybe 100 hours, which is normally enough for the simulations. The user always checks the progress of his simulations and sometimes, depending on the data, some of the jobs will not finish within 100 hours, but maybe in 105 or 110. Then he has to contact the administrator (me) who can increase the walltime to any value. Ok, the user could always request more walltime when submitting the jobs. But maybe it would be a good idea to have a variable, maybe then called "QALTER_USER_INCREASE", where the admin can allow the users to increase the requested resources by a defined percentage. But this is only an idea and not really a requirement. Henrik Am 15.10.2009 um 10:28 schrieb Simon Hammond: > Hi Henrik, > > It doesn't really make sense to allow users to alter the walltime when > the job is running because otherwise users will be able to request > small jobs which backfill and then completely disrupt the fairness of > the scheduling process. Taking a punt I think there would be very few > system-administrators who would want to enable this. > > Can you explain more about what you are trying to do? > > > Simon Hammond > > High Performance Systems Laboratory > University of Warwick, UK > > > 2009/10/15 Dr. Henrik Schulz <h.schulz at fzd.de>: >> Dear all, >> >> I have torque (2.3.6) and maui (3.2.6p21) running on my cluster. Maui >> is running under my personal account (not root) and I am ADMIN1. >> >> Other users can execute qalter on their own jobs only for queued >> ones. >> Once the jobs are started and a user tries to increase the walltime >> for example, he gets an "Unauthorized request". Is this normal >> behaviour? Is it possible to change the configuration such a way that >> a user can qalter his running jobs? >> >> Thanks in advance! >> Henrik >> >> >> >> >> _______________________________________________ >> mauiusers mailing list >> mauiusers at supercluster.org >> http://www.supercluster.org/mailman/listinfo/mauiusers >> > _______________________________________________ > mauiusers mailing list > mauiusers at supercluster.org > http://www.supercluster.org/mailman/listinfo/mauiusers -- Dr.-Ing. Henrik Schulz Abteilung Informationstechnologie Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. 01314 Dresden E-Mail: H.Schulz at fzd.de Tel.: +49 351 260-3268 Fax : +49 351 260-2048 http://www.fzd.de/FKTI


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All-out assault in Iraq likely after US poll
Page Tools
The Bush Administration will delay intensifying assaults on rebel-held cities in Iraq until after the US elections next month, despite recent military victories in insurgent-held towns.
Although US commanders have been buoyed by successes against guerillas in the towns of Samarra and Tall Afar, Administration officials say they will not try to retake cities such as Falluja and Ramadi - where the guerillas' grip is strongest and US military casualties could be the greatest - until after Americans vote.
The continuing violence since the fall of Saddam Hussein has taken US military commanders by surprise, despite new information suggesting the US may have fallen for Saddam's plans for a quick war followed by a long guerilla insurgency.
The report last week of the Iraq Survey Group said Saddam planned to have his troops and loyalists pull back after an initial US thrust and engage the Americans under terms more favourable to the Iraqis.
"Saddam believed that the Iraqi people would not stand to be occupied or conquered by the United States and would resist - leading to an insurgency," said the report by US chief weapons inspector, Charles Duelfer.
"Saddam said he expected the war to evolve from traditional warfare to insurgency." The Duelfer report, the first detailed accounting of Saddam's strategy in the face of a US military assault, concludes that his instructions, repeated on at least three occasions, were a sign of his overall strategy to wear down the US forces over time, even if he did not directly co-ordinate the resistance in the eight months before he was captured last December.
The report said that Iraqi commanders were ordered to hide weapons in the countryside, and a branch of Iraqi intelligence trained fighters from Syria, Yemen, Egypt, Lebanon and Sudan in explosives and marksmanship.
The report has led to renewed complaints about the Pentagon's prewar planning, which anticipated a conventional war plan aimed at defeating Saddam's elite Republican Guard divisions.
While President George Bush portrayed the insurgency as an accidental consequence of a war plan that worked too well, the Iraqi survey report declared that a guerilla insurgency was exactly what Saddam envisaged.
Yesterday two more US soldiers were killed and five wounded in a rocket attack in Baghdad. A suicide car bomber also attacked a US military convoy in the northern city of Mosul, causing several casualties.
But a deal seen as key to ending weeks of fighting between the radical Shiite preacher Moqtada al-Sadr and US and Iraqi forces appeared to be holding, as his followers trickled in to police stations in Baghdad's Sadr City to hand in weapons. Police said fighters had turned in machine guns, TNT paste, landmines and other explosives.
While reluctant to launch fullscale offensives against the guerillas, US commanders are scrambling to enable voting in as many cities as possible to shore up the legitimacy of the Iraqi election scheduled for January.
Los Angeles Times, The Boston Globe and agencies


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"There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown" (Genesis 6:4).
This vivid language defines the conspiracy of evil which has beset our world. The ancient books, Enoch and Jubilees, tell us of a race of nephilim, which are hybrids, alive in history and today, fathered by fallen angels. Strange as this may seem, the Lord declares that this conspiracy of evil is to be repeated before


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In January, I thought I was growing a backbone by leaving my husband, who at the time paid little attention to me, wasn't intimate with me, and showed less and less love to me. Truth is, I wasn't looking at the bigger picture, which was me needing medication so that I could function normally. I felt lonely and depressed and thus, it led me to not taking care of things around the house and hiding from the world by being on the computer ALL day.
This created resentment from my then husband and he unintentionally detatched. Instead of talking about things, we were internalizing things and feeling guilty to ourselves for it. This pushed me to leave to be with someone who I thought would be SOOO much better( a "grass is greener on the other side" type of thing). I ended up pregnant with my boyfriend's baby, after my birth control failed, and was very unhappy with him, and until recently couldn't figure out how or why I could be unhappy if I was so sure of my choice when I left.
After getting on medication for my bipolar and I was actually able to think things through and think logically, things became very clear that my boyfriend was being emotionally abusive to me in a big way, much worse than what I had left my husband about. When I left my boyfriend, I came knocking on the ex husband's door, almost 2 weeks ago.(now 23 weeks 3 days pregnant with ex-boyfriend's baby) I never intended on getting back with him when I came to crash on his couch until I could figure things out with my own living situation to get on my feet or to get to my mom's to live there until the baby comes.
The husband and I start talking about everything serious that led to me leaving and things that were said and done while I was with the ex-boyfriend, and amid all of this, we are both crying, him because I hurt him by picking up and leaving with the kids with no notice (partially from my illness and partially because of my hurt and feeling he was at fault) and me because I felt unwanted and unloved. We both assured each other with sincere honesty and genuine truth that we never meant to do that to each other and we were holding each other and crying. I looked at him and asked him to kiss me, not expecting anything else, and that was it. One thing led to another and now we are trying to work things out.
It's recently came to light that he was involved with someone while I was away and had started to try to get over me. It was someone from his work, and I lost it, not yelling, but crying and asking why would he do anything with me if he'd had something going on already and wanting to know who it was, since he'd have to go to work everyday, looking at her, having seen her with no clothes and.... ya know?
I know my anger and hurt comes from jealousy, but does this make me a total hypocrite for feeling like this? I mean, I was with another man for almost 6 months, and got pregnant with his baby. But I also know that I was sick even before I left and not able to think things through rationally. I wish I wasn't upset about it, because I DO feel like a complete hypocrite. Ugh!
PS Please feel free to not sugarcoat anything because if this in anyway makes me the bad guy, I'll be caught holding the bag. I want to take responsibility, I just hate feeling this bad about him doing what I was doing this whole time.
It sounds like you are being up front about your actions and your feelings, so I don't think labeling yourself a hypocrite is helpful. Yes, it's a double standard, but you are acknowledging your jealousy. Intellectually, it sounds like you know what is "fair."
If you are serious about getting back together with your husband, I highly recommend that you both go to counseling together, and that you see a therapist on your own as well if possible. If you find one who is experienced with bipolar patients, that's even better.
You are dealing with more than one issue, given that you are now being treated for bipolar. My brother, my aunt and one cousin all have BP so I am familiar with it and how left untreated can really create chaos in peoples' lives. I am glad you are being treated and that you feel like you are thinking clearly now. I also have a friend with BP whose marriage was rocky for awhile and they found counseling together to be very helpful. They also each see a therapist on their own.
Some questions to ponder if you wish:
Is your husband planning to raise your baby as his own? What is the role of the boyfriend going to be in regards to parenting? Is he going to give up his parental rights? Consider both legal and emotional aspects.
Is your husband breaking it off with his co-worker? I assume so if he wants to reconcile with you. If that is the case, and you really do want to reconcile with him, then you'll need to deal with the jealousy issues. It sounds like you'll both be dealing with some trust issues.
This situation would be complicated enough, but when you have BP in the mix, it makes it even more challenging. I really think having a therapist to help you sort things out will help.
Good luck with everything. It sounds like things will get better for you.
Well, the word "hypocrite" is so harsh. You and your dh are both entitled to your feelings of jealousy. Hopefully you can work through them together.
To answer the questions from Starflower's post:
Is your husband planning to raise your baby as his own? What is the role of the boyfriend going to be in regards to parenting? Is he going to give up his parental rights? Consider both legal and emotional aspects.
He is willing to help take care of him, but as far as be "father" to him I'm not sure. My ex-boyfriend is known to be violent with past partners (but never with me) and was abrasive with my daughter. He is currently seeking therapy for his control and emotional abuse issues, but I know that if he screws up, I can use all of this against him to not have custody. If he doesn't end up with custody, my husband has mentioned before that he would have to let the baby "grow on him" but he LOVES kids and is so great with ours that we have together.
Is your husband breaking it off with his co-worker? I assume so if he wants to reconcile with you. If that is the case, and you really do want to reconcile with him, then you'll need to deal with the jealousy issues. It sounds like you'll both be dealing with some trust issues.
Now, the co-worker thing: I got upset that he wouldn't tell me who it was, and only because I don't like things kept from me. This left me crying and sulking in the bedroom, and he comes in and says "what if I told you that I was with the co-worker to make you jealous?" I do not believe for one second that he would have kept it in his pants since he was single. He's a restaurant manager, and has pretty, younger servers all around him that adore him, I don't see him NOT being with one of them. So that puts even more trust issues on the table, because I don't believe him and I dread him going to work now. I think therapy is an awesome idea for us to do.
No offense at all but if your husband is willing to work it out with you, love you and your unborn child of another man, I think you need to trust him and forget about his fling, no matter whom it was with.
Young born-again mama and loving wife to DH and SAHP to two crazy girls we and believe !
I know, right? That's mostly why I feel so foolish for being jealous.
So I would try to internalize those feelings towards him and work it out on your own with a counselor for now. I think you will just push him away if you keep bringing it up. I'm sure this is a really difficult situation for your DH right now and it takes a real man to do what he is doing for you and your family. IDK if I myself could handle that if the role was reversed and my DH was having a baby with another woman, Kudos to yours!
Good luck mama!
Young born-again mama and loving wife to DH and SAHP to two crazy girls we and believe !
I totally do not intend revisiting the issue with him unless I suspected him of cheating, which takes alot for me to think that. And I know he is being like the best man ever to be doing this. I'm really grateful for him letting me into his house, when I didn't think that we'd end up back together at all. I never even expected that. I guess, I'm just asking for his honesty and that is why I got so upset. It bothered me very little that he may have done stuff with another woman when we weren't together, it was the fact that he was keeping her identity hidden and now he "didn't do anything with anyone." Oh well, at least I have him now and not her. I just don't want him to look at her if stuff did happen and think "I could have had her" and he's admitted to me that he's kept from telling me important stuff so that I wasn't hurt about it, so what would stop him from not telling me he wanted her and not me? I don't know. It's alot to think about, and we may be moving back to our home town in the next few months as it is, so it wouldn't matter then if he HAD slept with anyone here cuz he wouldn't be around her after we moved.
hypocrite- no.
conflicted, confused and hurt - yes. you both have been through a lot and have a lot to work through.
Clearly you still love him and the fact that he started moving on is going to sting. it is good you can admit your feelings and get help working through them. Don't let uncontrolled emotions and unjustified grudges ruin this for you. Continue to seek the help you need.
And really you don't need the details. He started something with her, broke it off abruptly and now he is doing his best to respect her privacy, the least he can do. Which she deserves.
good luck
The truest answer to violence is love. The truest answer to death is life. The only prevention for violence is for the heart to have no violence within it. We cannot prevent evil through any system devised by mankind. But we can grapple with evil and defeat it, but only with love—real love.
I just wanted to tell you all that I appreciate your input on all of this. It's helped me alot to not be so hard on myself or hard on him for the possibility of him being with someone when I wasn't even around or with him. Thank you!
I think you if you guys really want to give your relationship a go, counseling would be helpful.
There is just so.much.baggage.
Moving past an affair is tough. Chances are, this really isn't something that either of you can just say you'll call it even and move it. This is huge stuff that if you don't deal with head on, will come up in nasty ways when you least expect it.
And to your question about your feelings about him being involved with another woman, how you feel is just how you feel. You do have a choice about how you think about it, and eventually your feelings will follow thoughts. So no, I don't think you are a hypocrite, but I think you can only have a healthy relationship with him if you are willing to move forward from where you are, willing to get to a point of letting go, even though you aren't there right this minute.
A place to start would be to start saying to yourself "I'm willing to let this go." Figuring how will follow being willing to do it.
but everything has pros and cons
I am totally willing to let it go, because I love him so much and I know it must not make him feel good that I don't believe him that he wasn't with someone. I'm most willing to see a therapist. I've been in and out of therapy now for the last 6 years, due to abuse as a teen, mental illness and relationship issues. Well, here we go again. lol But I actually needed to get in to see a therapist as part of my bipolar treatment, so it's pretty convenient.
Every time it pops into your head, remind yourself that you are willing to let it go. Let yourself feel how you feel, cry, journal, whatever helps you release (not yelling or crying at your husband), but keep reminding yourself that you are willing to let it go.
I think that releasing something this big is often a process, rather than a one step deal, and that accepting that some days it will be more work to let it go than others might help.
Eventually, you'll have days when you don't even think about it.
but everything has pros and cons
i think it's actually better for you to NOT know who it was. it's easier for him to move on (back to you) that way, than if you were to keep bringing it up every time you crossed paths with her in town. why torture yourself over this? you are excusing your having an affair due to being mentally sick. isn't it possible that your PARTNER is/was also mentally sick in a way (co-dependent on you)? so afford him the same forgiveness.
and move on together toward being healthy. good luck!
None of it was an affair. An affair is a cheating relationship. My husband and I were seperated for a time, and this is why I am willing to put it to rest because we are both willing to be together and be a healthy family. In a way, I'm STARTING to be glad that he wouldn't have told me who it was, IF he even slept with anyone because it would be torture, seeing her and knowing that he had her. And I know that if this baby's dad IS involved, I know that my husband would probably feel the same pain, knowing that my ex-boyfriend had me and not him. I know this goes both ways and I know that since our love goes both ways that we can get past this. I really appreciate all of your input, because it's helped me realize MORE of my part in this than just him saying that he had been with someone and me being jealous. He had every right. We weren't together. Thank you.
Did you guys get a divorce before or you just left?
Young born-again mama and loving wife to DH and SAHP to two crazy girls we and believe !
heh I knew this question would come up. We were never LEGALLY married, but we had the ceremony and exchanged vows and such. And I don't think we'd have to get a divorce for common-law marriage. If things go well, I'd like to be legally married to him.
So, while you were seporated you were with a guy or 6 months and pergnant by this guy. And your worried that he may have slept with a co-worker? Who cares? He loves you enough to get back together with you and work things out. Looking at the guys point of view, how should your husband feel that he has positive proof that you were in a relaltionship enough to get pregnant?! Give him some credit! You left him! From the point that you left to the point that you and him got back together should be irrelivant! Again, you left him! During that time he had no obligations to you! he could have done anything, and anyone in that time because you were obviously "loose" enough to get preganant to a guy on the "greener grass"...
You need to be gratefull enough that he is willing to take you back and work things out.
From a guys point of view, give him a break. He loves you. During that time you were seporated, you need to not worry or even think about what or who he was doing.
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On June 12, 2009, I--along with over 200 others--attended a forum hosted by the Health Affairs journal and the AARP/Robert Wood Johnson Center to Champion Nursing in America. The forum, "Nursing Workforce Solutions for the 21st Century Health Care: How Do We Get There?" celebrated the recent collection of papers from Health Affairs focused on "Building a High-Value Nurse Workforce."
During a panel moderated by Susan Reinhard, Senior Vice President and Director of AARP's Public Policy Institute, Peter Buerhaus, Director, Center for Interdisciplinary Health Workforce Studies at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, alerted us to an irony in the status of the ongoing nursing shortage. The recession is causing a "false read"; i.e., the poor economy is encouraging retired nurses to return to the workforce, making the nursing shortage look less severe. Buerhaus warned we must not let this stopgap measure make us lose sight of the need to encourage new nurses into the field.
Susan Hassmiller, Senior Advisor for Nursing at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, charged her panelists to consider what would happen if nothing was done to address the nursing shortage in light of health care reform. Linda Aiken, Professor in Nursing and Director, Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research, University of Pennsylvania, then pointed out opportunities presented by the recession: the field of nursing can take advantage of new federal dollars, while enjoying the largest pool of talented nursing applicants ever.
Despite the diversity of the speakers, three themes emerged. First, all agreed that transitional care models to ensure coordinated health care between settings are essential and should be supported in terms of dollars and federal policies. Since we have funded such programs here at Hartford—such as Care Transitions and the Transitional Care Model--I was pleased to find wide support among my colleagues for these strategies.
Secondly, all agreed that nursing education is key. We need more baccalaureate-trained nurses, and society cannot afford to underestimate the value of the master's-trained nurse. However, not everyone agrees on what nursing education should include. What is often notably absent from many nursing-driven health care reform discussions is the demographic mandate to better prepare our nursing workforce (shortage or not) to provide quality care to older adults. I work for the Hartford Foundation because I wholeheartedly endorse our mission to improve the health of older adults by creating a more skilled workforce and a better designed health care system. While change within the health care system may be slow as we drag our reform heels, our country will continue to age at a rapid pace. Unless we take measures to ensure that ALL nursing graduates are exposed to aging within the course of their education (be it at the associate, baccalaureate, master's, or doctoral levels), the health care of older adults will suffer.
This said, I applaud the authors of the Health Affairs article "Expanding the Capacity of Nursing Education" for citing the American Association of Colleges of Nursing's tools for creating competency-based curriculum (which include a gero focus in the Essentials of Baccalaureate Education) and the "Try This" assessment series that provides best practices in caring for older adults. These free, Web-based resources are available to all faculty to begin this important work of arming nursing students with the skills to provide good care to our older population.
The topic of disagreements about educational requirements brings me to the last, and perhaps most important, theme: nursing needs to speak with one voice. From a policy perspective, the fragmentation of nursing is dangerous. We know there is discord within the field (DNP--doctor of nursing practice, associate's degree nurses), and mixed messages will prevent progress. There is definitely one thing the field can agree on, however: nurses are at the forefront of patient care, and nursing has a major role to play in health care reform.


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Nazism and Germanic occultism – allies at the beginning:
Military defeat, economic collapse, anti-Semitism, and militant, vengeful nationalism are part of the explanation for the emergence and spread of Nazism. But there was another critical factor, as well: the influence of occultic, irrational forms of spirituality in Germany.
1919-1923: the Thule Society and Dietrich Eckart
The German Workers' Party, which became the National Socialist German Worker's (Nazi) Party in February 1920, was founded on January 5, 1919.[1] The German Workers' Party was the creation of the Thule Society, an extreme-right, Aryan-theosophical organization that had been founded in July 1918; its first meeting occurred in Thule Society offices.[2] Hitler, who was serving as a political spy for the German Army in Munich, entered the German Worker's Party to determine whether it was a leftist threat, or whether it could – as his superiors in the Army hoped – serve as an opponent to the new, liberal regime in Germany. Soon – as early as August-September 1919 – he gained notice as a mesmerizing speaker with the ability to mobilize the masses for counterrevolution. By March 1920, he had become "indispensable" to the Nazis.
At this time, Hitler received critical assistance from Dietrich Eckart, an anti-Semitic, occultist playwright and journalist.[3] Part of this help included "lending him books" and "helping to improve his German – both written and spoken."[4] Eckart, a member of the Thule Society with connections to the Army, also introduced Hitler to wealthy and influential residents of Munich; they then began supporting Hitler and the Nazis. Eckart also helped to transfer funds from Henry Ford to Hitler and the Nazis; Ford's 1920 anti-Semitic book The International Jew inspired what Hitler wrote about the Jews several years later in Mein Kampf.[5]
Several other Thule Society members – Rudolf Hess, Alfred Rosenberg, and Hans Frank – became Nazi leaders and had key roles in the Third Reich. The Nazi choice of the swastika symbol was influenced by the Thule Society's example. Hitler was already an anti-Semite before 1919, but his tutelage from Eckart and Rosenberg accentuated this – to the point that by 1922, Hitler told an associate that "if I one day actually come to power, then the extermination of the Jews will be my first and most important task."[6]
With financial help from Eckart's friends, the Nazis bought the Thule Society's newspaper, the Volkischer Beobachter, in December 1920. This became the Party's official paper, and continued publishing until the fall of the Third Reich. Eckart, who had regarded Hitler as his own protégé, died on December 26, 1923, soon after the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch. (According to one source, Eckart said on his deathbed, "Hitler will dance, but it is I who play the tune. … Do not mourn for me, for I will have influenced history more than any other German."[7]) When Hitler published Mein Kampf – which became the Nazi "bible" – in 1925 and 1927, he dedicated the second volume of the book to Eckart; Hitler described Eckart as "that man, one of the best, who devoted his life to the awakening of his, our people in his writings and his thoughts and finally in his deeds."[8]
There is no honor or gratitude among thieves – or among fanatics. Once Hitler seized power, he banned the Thule Society and other occult organizations. Rudolf von Sebottendorff, the founder of the Thule Society, spent time in a Nazi jail before emigrating to Turkey and serving as a spy for Germany.[9] On May 9, 1945, with Germany's defeat, he committed suicide by jumping into the Bosporus.[10]
Rudolf Hess and his mentor, Professor Karl Haushofer:
As Hitler built his movement, he continued to learn from his Thule Society comrades.[11] By the end of 1922, Hitler had become convinced that Germany needed to conquer Lebensraum, "living space" in Eastern Europe and Russia; he never wavered from this view in later years.
By 1922, Rudolf Hess had introduced Hitler to the geopolitical, imperialist ideas of his mentor, Professor Karl Haushofer (1869-1946), who taught at the University of Munich. Haushofer – who became a general in the German Army by World War I – was fluent in Japanese, and had served as a military attaché to Japan for the Kaiser in 1908-1909. During the 1930s, Haushofer helped to establish the alliance between Germany and Japan; he also formed relationships between the Third Reich and South American governments, building ties that would later be useful to Nazi war criminals fleeing prosecution after 1945. His geopolitical theories helped to win intellectuals over to Nazism. However, Karl Haushofer fell out of favor with Hitler after Hess flew to England in 1941. He was suspected of involvement in the anti-Hitler resistance during 1944, and was held for eight months by the Gestapo in the Dachau concentration camp. The Professor survived the war, but he and his wife committed suicide by taking arsenic in 1946. Haushofer had taught Hitler the necessity of colonizing the "East" to gain Lebensraum for Germany, but there is no evidence that he was ever a member of the Thule Society, or that he initiated Hitler into occultism.[12]
During the late 1930s and the first years of the war, Professor Haushofer's son, Albrecht, unsuccessfully attempted to broker an anti-Bolshevik alliance between Germany and Great Britain. It is possible that he influenced Rudolf Hess' decision to fly to Britain in May 1941 in a foredoomed quest for such an alliance. As the war went on, Albrecht became convinced that the Nazis would ruin Germany. He joined in the unsuccessful July 1944 bomb plot against Hitler, and was arrested in December 1944. Albrecht Haushofer was executed by the Nazis in April 1945, as the Russians were entering Berlin.
Hitler's Jewish psychic – and a critical occult intervention in late 1932
On July 31, 1932, the Nazis had won 37.4% of the votes in national parliamentary elections, making them the largest party in Germany. However, their share of the vote fell to 33.1% in the November 6, 1932 elections, and the Nazis lost seats in the Reichstag.
During the fall of 1932, Hitler had showed his willingness to cooperate with his Communist enemies, to the horror of old-line conservatives and middle-class voters.[13] On September 12, the Nazis in the Reichstag voted for a Communist no-confidence motion against the government (which passed overwhelmingly). In October, the Nazis joined the Communists in supporting a strike by transit workers in Berlin – a strike that the Social Democrats and the mainstream unions opposed. These alliances of expediency foreshadowed the 1939 pact between the Nazis and the Soviets. In their turn, "the Communists, at the behest of Moscow, were committed to the last to the silly idea of first destroying the Social Democrats, the Socialist trade unions, and what middle-class democratic forces there were, on the dubious theory that although this would lead to a Nazi regime, it would be only temporary and would bring inevitably the collapse of capitalism, after which the Communists would take over and establish the dictatorship of the proletariat."[14]
In December 1932, the Nazi tide seemed to be further on the wane.[15] Its votes in the December 4 local elections in Thuringia declined by up to 35%. As historian Michael Burleigh said, "for the first time, what had seemed since 1930 to be an unstoppable movement showed signs of fatigue and internal strain." Intrigues within the Nazi Party and between the German government and Gregor Strasser, leader of a left-socialist Nazi faction, threatened to split the movement. Historian Burleigh said, "at least once during this high-stakes poker game, a despondent Hitler spoke of suicide, if his Party should disintegrate under the weight of frustrated expectations." During the last week of 1932, Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels wrote in his diary, "1932 has brought us eternal bad luck … The past was difficult and the future looks dark and gloomy; all prospects and hopes have quite disappeared."[16]
At this critical moment, Hitler got spiritual assistance from below.[17] Hitler sought help from Erik Jan Hanussen, a famous astrologer, hypnotist, and occultist whom he had met in 1926 in Berlin. (Ironically, Hanussen was Jewish, and was born in a Viennese jail cell on June 2, 1889. Hitler was born in Braunau, Austria on April 20, 1889 – the Saturday before Easter). Hanussen had taught Hitler how to project his voice and how to use his hands to emphasize emotions; he thus had contributed to Hitler's ongoing success as a spellbinding orator. In the autumn of 1932, Hanussen told Hitler that his horoscope showed that he had been cursed. To remove this curse, Hanussen said that it was necessary for someone to travel to Hitler's home town and take a mandrake root from a butcher's back yard. (Occultists have used mandrake roots for protection, and as aphrodisiacs.) Hanussen volunteered to do this himself, and at midnight on a night of a full moon, he took a mandrake root from a suitable location in Linz, Austria. Hanussen returned to Berlin with the mandrake root on New Year's Day, 1933. He told Hitler that the curse had been lifted, and that Hitler's ascent to power would resume on January 30.
And so it occurred....
By January 4, 1933, Hitler's mood had lifted, and he resumed the negotiations that would make him Chancellor on January 30. By January 16, 1933, the Nazi Party had received large donations from business interests, enough to remove the threat of bankruptcy that the Party had faced during November and December, 1932.[18] By natural causes, or by "spiritual" assistance, or both, the road to power was again open for Hitler.
At a séance in Berlin (held at Hanussen's ornate "Palace of Occultism") on February 26, 1933, Hanussen predicted the Reichstag Fire – which occurred the next day.[19] As the Nazi seizure of power progressed, Hanussen went with the spirit of the times. In February 1933, he had joined the Nazi Party and the Storm Troopers (using false proof of Aryan background), and he had converted to Catholicism. Nevertheless he went swiftly to his doom. On March 24, Hanussen was arrested by the Storm Troopers, and he was murdered on March 25, 1933.
The founder of the Thule Society, and Erik Jan Hanussen, and the Haushofer family all cooperated with the Nazis at critical times. All received – in the end – the wages due for their works.
[1] Richard J. Evans, The Coming of the Third Reich, Penguin Books, 2003, pp. 168-175.
[2] A leading historian on Nazism and occultism says, "The Thule Society certainly acted as an important focus for nationalist and racist circles at the end of the First World War and provided military support against the left-wing revolution in Bavaria in the spring of 1919. It may justifiably be regarded as a ginger-group and predecessor of the National Socialist German Worker's Party. Organizational and personal links passed directly from the Thule Society via a Political Workers' Circle to the German Workers' Party, the precursor of the Nazi Party. Such later leading Nazi personalities as Rudolf Hess and Hans Frank were members of the Thule, while Dietrich Eckart and Alfred Rosenberg were guests." (Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity, New York University Press, 2003, p. 114. The author is British, and "ginger-group" is a British idiom for a radical or militant faction within a movement). On the location of the first Workers' Party meeting, see James Webb, The Occult Establishment, Open Court, 1976, p. 298.
[3] Richard J. Evans, The Coming of the Third Reich, Penguin Books, 2003, pp. 176-179; Ian Kershaw, Hitler – 1889-1936: Hubris, W. W. Norton and Co., 2000, pp. 154-156; Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, The Occult Roots of Nazism, New York University Press, 1992, pp. 46, 149-151. A historian of the occult says, "Although Hitler never joined the Thule Society, he did become a member of Drexler's German Workers' Party. … Soon after he joined, Hitler came under Eckart's wing, and if anyone is responsible for creating the monster Adolf Hitler, it was Eckart." (Gary Lachman, Politics and the Occult: The Left, the Right, and the Radically Unseen, Quest Books, 2008, p. 200; see also pp. 198-199.) Another historian of occultism says, "Nazi studies of the playwright and 'veteran fighter' unite in presenting him as a mystic and seer rather than as an orthodox exponent of völkisch ethics, and there is every indication that they are correct." (James Webb, The Occult Establishment, Open Court, 1976, p. 284; see also pp. 283-311.)
[4] William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Fawcett Publications, 1962, p. 65.
[5] James Pool and Suzanne Pool, Who Financed Hitler: The Secret Funding of Hitler's Rise to Power 1919-1933, Dial Press, 1978, pp. 89-91, 116-119.
[6] David Redles, Hitler's Millennial Reich: Apocalyptic Belief and the Search for Salvation, New York University Press, 2005, pp. 112, 161.
[7] Peter Levenda, Unholy Alliance: A History of Nazi Involvement with the Occult, Continuum, 2002, p.92.
[8] Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, tr. Ralph Mannheim, Houghton Mifflin/Mariner, 1999, p. 687.
[9] James Webb, The Occult Establishment, Open Court, 1976, pp. 310-311.
[10] Peter Levenda, Unholy Alliance: A History of Nazi Involvement with the Occult, Continuum, 2002, pp. 77, 147.
[11] Information in this paragraph and the two following is from: Ian Kershaw, Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris, W. W. Norton and Co., 2000, pp. 248-249; Ian Kershaw, Hitler 1936-45: Nemesis, W. W. Norton and Co., 2000, pp. 378-379; Wikipedia, "Albrecht Haushofer," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_Haushofer, viewed 04/13/09; Wikipedia, "Karl Haushofer," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Haushofer, viewed 04/13/09; Peter Levenda, Unholy Alliance: A History of Nazi Involvement with the Occult, Continuum, 2002, pp. 109-114, 133-134, 174, 242-244, 251, 263, 338.
[12] Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, The Occult Roots of Nazism, New York University Press, 1992, pp. 219-221, 223; Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity, New York University Press, 2003, pp. 114-117, 120-121, 323.
[13] William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Fawcett Publications, 1962, pp. 238-241.
[14] William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Fawcett Publications, 1962, p. 259.
[15] Michael Burleigh, The Third Reich: A New History, Hill and Wang, 2001, pp. 144-145, 150.
[16] William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Fawcett Publications, 1962, p. 249.
[17] Information in this paragraph is from Paul Roland, The Nazis and the Occult, Chartwell Books, 2007, pp. 76-77; Peter Levenda, Unholy Alliance: A History of Nazi Involvement with the Occult, Continuum, 2002, pp. 102-105; Mel Gordon, Erik Jan Hanussen: Hitler's Jewish Clairvoyant, Feral House, 2001, pp. xvi, 1, 237, 248-249.
[18] William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Fawcett Publications, 1962, p. 246-247, 249, 251.
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While Luetkemeyer to Fight Illegal Immigration, Baker Openly Supports It
As a strong supporter of the rule of law, Blaine Luetkemeyer opposes amnesty for illegal immigrants and backs securing our borders against illegal immigrants while Judy Baker has tried to hide the fact that she supports allowing immigrants into the country.
Baker's support for illegal immigration was exposed further this week with her appearance with Democrat Sen. Dick Durbin who sponsored legislation allowing amnesty for illegal immigrants attending taxpayer-financed colleges.
Baker voted in 2006 and 2008 to allow illegal immigrants to stay in this country and attend Missouri universities including the University of Missouri-Columbia. Also in 2006, she was one of only 30 state representatives to vote against making English the official language of the government in Missouri.
Baker voted in 2006 against requiring universities to certify that they haven't admitted illegal aliens and just this year voted against prohibiting Missouri universities from admitting illegal immigrants.
"Our public colleges and universities are paid for by the taxpayers of this state and it is an insult to those taxpayers that Judy Baker would permit illegal immigrants to stay her illegally and take advantage of our education system that should be reserved for our students first," said Paul Sloca, spokesman for Blaine Luetkemeyer. "The people of the 9th District are not willing to allow illegal immigrants to drain our colleges and universities of resources at the expense of families who are paying to support these wonderful institutions, which proves again how out of touch Judy Baker is with our Main Street values."
Source: http://www.blaineforcongress.com/?sectionid=3&parentid=1§iontree=3&itemid=110


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When Mr. Larson (assumed name) and his wife came to the UCD-Martinez Center he was in his middle 50s and had held a prestigious upper management job until he was dismissed for poor job performance some months previously. His primary care doctor had arranged for him to be evaluated by a community neurologist, and that doctor sent him on to see a psychiatrist. At the time he came to the Center he was being treated for depression.
After a multidisciplinary evaluation the CADC diagnosed vascular dementia. That diagnosis helped to change their lives for the better in many ways, not because the disease could be reversed, but because now all of those concerned understood what they were dealing with and could make better decisions about how to handle it. Having this diagnosis allowed him to file for disability with his work and Social Security. The Center recommended that he stop taking the anti-depressant medications, which had not been helpful, and instead focused on helping his wife understand his condition.
"The clinicians here are so much more knowledgeable than our primary care physicians. The PCP is not able to give us specific information about his dementia. At the clinic, we see so many specialists that know exactly how to explain his disease in a way that I can understand."
Knowing how his condition affected his thinking and behavior helped his wife to be more understanding with him. Because of how the condition had affected his brain, Mr. Larson had become profoundly apathetic. Previously a very active, energetic man he now would sit and do nothing, he cared about almost nothing and showed no interest in activities.
"Every year I enjoy coming and feel better after I leave. The clinicians helped me to have empathy for my husband when I was feeling frustrated with some of his behaviors. For example, the nurse explained to me that it may be just as difficult for Jim to cross the street as it would be for me to run a mile. I've learned to be more patient and accepting that his different behaviors are due to his illness and not because he is trying to be difficult."'
Knowing how to manage his problems helped the whole family:
"I even brought my mother to a clinic visit once to help her understand Jim's behaviors so that she could be less critical of him."


text: OverviewBack to top Spectrum Essentials - Ground Premium Flaxseed with Mixed Berries - 12 oz. Item# :76966UPC# :022506125070 Brand:Spectrum Essentials Size/Form:12 oz. Ship Weight:0.79 Servings:24 Dosage:12 oz. Spectrum Essentials Ground Premium Flaxseed with Mixed Berries - 12 oz. (340 g) Spectrum Essentials Ground Premium Flaxseed with Mixed Berries contains Omega-3 and Super Fruits. Spectrum Essentials has taken their best-selling Organic Ground Flaxseed to a whole new level by blending in flavorful bits of real fruit - blueberries, strawberries, and cranberries. Often referred to as "Super Fruits", these berries are particularly well known for their high antioxidant levels, making them as healthful as they are tasty. Spectrum Essentials Brand Flaxseeds are premium quality organic seeds that have been carefully selected for their nutritive content. 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Fiber promotes regularity, supports normal functioning of the digestive tract and can have a positive effect on cholesterol. ALA is an omega-3 essential fatty acid that helps support normal cardiovascular function and helps to maintain healthy hair, skin and nails. This premium flaxseed is a highly concentrated source of (SDG) lignans - which are phytonutrients. SPECTRUM ORGANIC PRODUCTSLEADING BRAND OF CULINARY AND NUTRITIONAL OILS Spectrum Organic Products is the nation's top-selling brand of organic, expeller pressed culinary and nutritional oils. The company consists of two main divisions, Spectrum Naturals and Spectrum Essentials. The Spectrum Naturals line of culinary oils and vinegars includes more than 30 varieties of seed, nut and plant oils including coconut oil, as well as vinegars, mayonnaise products, salad dressings, spreads, cooking sprays and trans fat free shortening, many of which are organic. 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All-Star football team in search of funds for tournament trip
A dream is on hold for a group of at-risk children who just want to play football. The reason is pretty simple - money.
Nine-year-old Isiah Howell may be learning the fundamentals of football on a field at Gustafson Park, but in life, Isiah and many of his other teammates, have already been to the school of hard knocks.
"I see a whole lot of ambulance and fire trucks in our neighborhood and I see someone sitting on the sidewalks in handcuffs," said Isiah about what he sees weekly in his west side neighborhood.
Isiah and his teammates are part of the Northwest Youth Football League, serving at-risk children, some who live below the poverty level.
"You might deal with kids who probably just don't have it at home as far as food, you know, supplies to play football," explained coach Derek Lewis.
Lewis has tried to teach his players that on the field, they can be children.
"It helps me forget about the things that I see in my neighborhood," said Howell of getting to play football each week.
"To a lot of 'em, it's a dream," said Lewis.
The dream could get even better, but for now, is on hold.
Twenty-two players, the league's All-Stars, have been invited to play in a tournament next month in Kentucky.
Getting to that tournament, though, is going to take more than just hard work and practice. It's going to take money, too - about $150 per player for food, travel, and hotel. It's money that many of the kids, like Isiah and his family, just don't have.
It hasn't been for lack of trying, though, to raise the funds during games at their concession stand. Even that has been hampered by several break-ins to the stand, where the team has lost supplies and even football equipment.
"We all understand crime happens, but when you're taking away from this area here, everybody knows what this is for, so why would you steal from kids?" Lewis said.
It's a question Lewis hasn't been able to answer. He also doesn't know what to say yet, when it comes to questions about the tournament.
"I'm gonna tell 'em the truth and let 'em know what we can accomplish and, you know, if we can't accomplish it, then we went down swinging," explained Lewis about what he'll tell the team.
After all, these children have faced much bigger issues, like gunfire on their street.
"They're always carrying around weapons, especially the adults," Isiah told Eyewitness News.
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The tournament would be a chance to escape that, even if its just for the weekend.
The team will be in the community this weekend, with donation buckets, trying to raise the funds to go to the tournament. It will cost about $3,300 for all 22 players to go.
They've also set up a fund at Regions Bank under "Northwest Youth Football League." The tournament is November 10-11 in Owensboro, Kentucky.


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It's hard to work out Ken Clarke's view on the Heathrow expansion (if he has one) given his lack of public pronouncements on the issue. He didn't return the FT's calls today.
If the genial Tory is brought back to a key front bench job – as the current rumour mill suggests – the answer to that question suddenly becomes much more important. For now there are only rumblings of discontent among the Conservative ranks about the policy of opposing the third runway. A handful of front benchers are unhappy but they aren't speaking out in public. Read more


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It is with great joy and love that we welcome you to join us in exploration and devotion to Truth... Satsang. Through music, chants, meditation and prayer we offer our heart and soul to the Divine in hopes that others may be inspired to join us.
"There is nothing you can offer the Infinite except the flower of your heart." -Sri Svami Purna


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Financial Times
Published: February 2 2006
The most revealing statement made by Condoleezza Rice, US secretary of state, on her visit to London this week was about the resounding victory of Hamas, the militant Islamist movement, in the Palestinian elections. "Certainly I have asked why nobody saw it coming," she told journalists on her aeroplane. "I hope we will take a hard look. It does say something about perhaps not having had a good enough pulse on the Palestinian population."
That failure of intelligence may not prove to be quite as devastating or costly as the failure in Iraq, although many Israelis fear otherwise. But it is deeply embarrassing to advocates in the White House of a policy of democracy-first, conflict-resolution later. For too long, they have allowed their information to be driven by both ideology and Israeli intelligence sources.
The same danger looms today over US policy – or rather, non-policy – towards Iran. If that goes wrong, and leads to the same inexorable spiral of sanctions and military action, it could prove far more costly than the war in Iraq. It would only serve to justify any ambitions that the Tehran regime may have to acquire nuclear weapons and reinforce the power of the mullahs who dominate it. This week's agreement to report Iran's nuclear activities to the United Nations Security Council, without any clear strategy about what to do next, is a dangerous step in the dark.
In his address to Congress, President George W. Bush sought to make a clear distinction between the activities of the Tehran regime – "a small clerical elite that is isolating and repressing its people" – and the "citizens of Iran". To the former he said America would "rally the world" to stop it acquiring nuclear weapons. To the latter, he declared: "America respects you and we respect your country. We respect your right to choose your own future and win your own freedom." That was more than a hint that regime change one way or another remains on the US agenda.
Yet in all the debate over Iran's nuclear ambitions, far too little attention is paid to why the country should want to embark on such a confrontational path, and therefore how it might best be persuaded not to. Nor is there much awareness (especially in the US) that the policy is popular.
"While a vast majority of Iranians despise the hardliners and wish for their downfall, they support the nuclear programme," says Shirin Ebadi, the pro-democracy activist who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2003. "Aside from being economically justified, it has become a cause of national pride of an old nation with a glorious history. No Iranian government, regardless of its ideology or democratic credentials, would dare to stop the programme."
More important still is Iran's abiding sense of insecurity. It has nuclear-armed states to the east (Pakistan and India), north (Russia) and west (Israel). It was forced into a devastating eight-year war with Iraq that cost hundreds of thousands of lives. Above all it feels threatened by America. "What is the only country in the world, apart from Canada, that has the US on every border?" they like to ask in Tehran. "Iran," comes the wry reply.
Because Washington refuses to talk to Tehran, that vital security question is simply never addressed. Britain, France and Germany, the EU-3 group which sought to negotiate a diplomatic solution, cannot offer any reassurance that Mr Bush is not bent on overthrowing the government. They can only buy time for the US to get engaged. Yet Washington shows no signs of relaxing its refusal to talk to Tehran, or dropping its regular hints of regime change.
Israel is the one country that feels directly threatened by a nuclear Iran, but Israeli leaders are desperate not to be the ones to take unilateral action to bomb suspected facilities, even if they could. They know they would face renewed international isolation, even if there were sympathy in Washington.
Most analysts doubt that military action could do more than delay Iran's nuclear ambitions. Sir Michael Quinlan, former permanent undersecretary at the UK defence ministry, told the Herzliya conference outside Tel Aviv as much last week. "To be lastingly effective, such action might well have to approach the Iraq pattern of imposed regime change," he said. But given the far greater size and national cohesiveness of Iran, it would be a much tougher job, he said.
He also suggested that if Iran used nuclear weapons against its regional neighbours it would be committing "regime suicide". Even with a president such as Mahmud Ahmadi-Nejad, capable of saying that Israel should be "wiped off the map", he suggested the likelihood of such an action would be "enormously low".
The problem in dealing with Iran is that threats no longer seem to have much effect. Economic sanctions that might hit Iranian oil production seem very unlikely in present market conditions. China, Russia and India are all opposed to such sanctions because of their own commercial and energy ties to Tehran. So are many European Union countries, and the Iranian regime knows it well.
The reality is that the Iranian regime does not believe the big stick is going to be used. So the only answer lies in persuading the government that it has no need of nuclear weapons, because it no longer faces a threat of regime change by force. Only the US is capable of giving such a guarantee.


text:
13. Currently about 5 million people have their personal
profiles on the National DNA database.[18]
As of 24 April 2009, just under 1 million people with profiles
on the database had no record of a conviction, caution, reprimand
or final warning on the Police National Computer. Some of these
1 million will have been awaiting trial or have had a criminal
record that was expunged from the Police National Computer because
it related to a pre-2000 caution, but the majority had not been
convicted of any crime, some had not been charged with a crime
and about 36,000 had not even been arrested (as they were victims
of crime or people who had voluntarily given a DNA sample to help
narrow down a group of suspects, for example when everyone in
a neighbourhood is asked to give a DNA sample).
14. No research has been done specifically on the
question of the number of crimes that are solved with the help
of the stored personal profiles of those not previously convicted
of a crime. Moreover, despite their best efforts the Home Office
and others have been able to discover only a few examples of serious
violent crime, such as murder or rape, where a suspect has been
identified mainly or solely because his or her personal DNA profile
was already stored on the database from an earlier arrest that
had not resulted in a conviction. The Minister for Policing, Crime
and Counter-terrorism wrote to the Public Bill Committee on the
Crime and Security Bill with six case studies (subsequently amended
to five) where the perpetrator of a very serious crime had been
identified in this way. However, in one of these cases the later,
more serious, crime had taken place at the perpetrator's own home,
which the victim was able to identify, so the profile evidence
might be considered to have confirmed the perpetrator's identity
rather than suggesting a new suspect.[19]
We asked the Home Secretary to provide us with details of the
23 cases to which he had referred in his speech on second reading
of the Crime and Security Bill, but we have yet to receive his
15. It is not known how many crimes are solved
with the help of the stored personal profiles of those not previously
convicted of a crime. The highly complicated calculations made
by GeneWatch to try to answer this question on the basis of information
from various sources already in the public domain, and the provisional
nature of its conclusions, underline the need for the Home Office
to undertake research specifically on this issue.
16. In England and Wales (the rules are different
in Scotland[20]) records
are held indefinitely on the Database[21]
but it is possible for the subject to request deletion of his/her
profile and for this to be granted in exceptional circumstances
at the discretion of the relevant chief constable. ACPO has issued
guidance on the Exceptional Case Procedure which
includes various grounds on which a chief
constable might agree to remove a DNA sample from the database.
Those grounds include the fact that a false allegation was made;
the subject was unlawfully or wrongly arrested or unlawfully cautioned;
the caution was inappropriate; or the subject was unlawfully processed.
However, from the evidence we received, even in these cases subjects
struggle to get their profiles removed from the database.
17. We took evidence from two people, one of whom
had volunteered to give a DNA sample to eliminate himself from
an inquiry into the suspicious death of a relative and the other
of whom had had his DNA taken despite the fact that he had been
arrested for a non-recordable offence, that of littering. Both
had believed that they had no choice but to give a sample and
both had struggled to get their samples destroyed and profiles
deleted.[22] Ms Abbott
described other such cases to us.[23]
18. A significant number of people never convicted
of a crime are unhappy about their profiles being kept indefinitely
on the database. They consider it a slur on their character and
personally intrusive, and are worried about the possibility of
false matching of a crime to their profile or malicious hacking
into the database. Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys noted that there
was one recorded instance of an innocent person who had committed
suicide apparently as a result of the shame he felt at being a
subject on the database.[24]
Sir Alec said:
Sir Alec told us that he would not like his DNA profile
to be on the database:
19. We asked Sir Alec about the possibility of false
matches. He said that the chance of the DNA profiles of two people
matching was in the order of one in ten trillion, though in court
the more conservative estimate of about one in a billion is used.
However, the one in ten trillion figure refers to the chance of
a one-to-one match on one occasion: the database contains about
5 million profiles and is searched thousands of times a year,
which increases the likelihood of matches to one in a trillion.
Furthermore, for two related people matches are more likely still:
for brothers the probability is one in 200,000and many
of the people on the database are related to one another.[26]
20. Moreover, the chance of a mismatch would increase
further with the agreement to allow police forces across Europe
to search one another's DNA databases for matches to serious crimes:[27]
more searches across a larger number of records equals a greater
potential for mismatches. Even now, many of the searches made
of the National DNA Database result in multiple matchesa
list of potential suspects rather than onebecause the personal
or crime scene DNA sample was damaged or partial. An average of
83.7 multiple matches were made per month in 2008/09.[28]
Sir Alec noted that there had already been at least one example
of a totally adventitious but complete match, which had led to
an arrest; the innocent subject had had to obtain independent
DNA testing to reveal the mistake.[29]
Impetus for change
21. In December 2008 the European Court of Human
Rights in Strasbourg found that the blanket nature of the policy
on DNA in England and Walesi.e. retaining all samples,
with no time limit, regardless of the seriousness of the offence,
or the age of the offender, and whether the person was even charged
or convicteddid not comply with Article 8 (right to privacy)
of the European Charter of Human Rights. The Court found the policy
to be "blanket and indiscriminate".[30]
The Court noted with approval the consistency of the approach
taken in Scotland with the Committee of Ministers' recommendation
R(92)1 on the use of DNA. This recommendation suggests that DNA
samples should not be kept after the final decision has been made
in the case for which they were taken, unless it is necessary
"for purposes directly linked to those for which they were
collected." The Court added:
22. In response to the Court's judgment, the Government
published its proposals for the DNA Database in May 2009, as follows:
23. It emerged in September 2009 that the research
by the Jill Dando Institute for Crime Science which the Home Office
used to formulate the proposal for retention of profiles for twelve
years was incomplete. The Director of the Institute, Professor
Gloria Laycock, said:
As a result, when the Crime and Security Bill
was introduced, it provided for a maximum time of six, rather
than twelve, years for retention of records of people arrested
but not convicted;[33]
the proposals relating to those under the age of 18 were also
changed. In summary, the Bill provides for:
The concept of "qualifying offence" is
used to distinguish between serious and minor offences. A qualifying
offence is defined as a serious violent, sexual or terrorist offence,
and also include the offences of aiding, abetting, conspiring
etc the commission of such offences.[35]
In addition, where DNA profiles would otherwise need to be destroyed
because of the expiry of a time limit, chief officers of police
are given power to determine that, for reasons of national security,
those profiles may be retained for up to two further years. It
is open to chief officers to make further determinations to retain
material where necessary.[36]
24. All these provisions relate to DNA taken under
the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE). Samples relating
to terrorism offences are also covered by the Bill. Currently
fingerprints, samples and profiles from suspected terrorists may
be retained for an indefinite period.[37]
The Crime and Security Bill would make provision for a destruction
and retention regime broadly equivalent to that outlined above
in relation to PACE.[38]
25. Clause 22 of the Bill[39]
requires the Secretary of State to make a statutory instrument
prescribing the manner, timing and other procedures in respect
of destroying relevant biometric material already in existence.
The Bill also puts on a statutory footing the existing National
DNA Database Strategy Board. This Board already reports to the
Home Secretary, providing strategic oversight of the application
of powers under PACE for taking and using DNA. The principal partners
are the Association of Chief Police Officers, the Association
of Police Authorities and the Home Office.
Proposals for retaining the DNA
of adults
26. All of our witnesses were content that the DNA
profiles of those convicted of a crime should be retained, and
they voiced no opposition to the Government's proposals for this
group of people. Nor did they dispute that it might be necessary
for public safety reasons to retain DNA from some people who had
been arrested but not convicted in connection with serious violent
or sexual crime or terrorism. They were, however, deeply divided
on the question of the retention of the profiles of those arrested
for, but not convicted of, 'lesser' crime. The police strongly
preferred to retain the DNA profiles of adults who had not been
convicted, arguing that, owing to a lack of supporting evidence,
the difficulty of proving intent or consent, procedural problems,
the intimidation of witnesses and other factors, they were unable
to bring to trial, let alone see convicted, significant numbers
of people who had actually committed a crime. The police were
concerned that, if they were not allowed to retain the profiles
of clever or lucky criminals, these criminals might be tempted
to offend again and it might prove impossible to link them clearly
to the subsequent crimes.[40]
Liberty, GeneWatch and Ms Abbott were equally firmly of the view
that people who had not been found guilty of a crime had to be
presumed to be innocent and, in particular in the case of non-violent
or less serious crimes, should not have their DNA retained beyond
the period necessary to conclude legal proceedings.[41]
27. As noted above,[42]
in 2003 Parliament moved the bar for collection of DNA samples
back from suspects being charged to arrest for a recordable crime.
The Minister told us that the threshold for arrest was high and
the offences involved were "serious".[43]
However, as we were told by other witnesses during this and other
inquiries, not all recordable offences would fall within the category
of what the public would consider 'serious crime'under
the present DNA regime, those suspected of shoplifting or possession
of drugs are treated the same as those suspected of murderand
arrests have been made for trivial incidents such as minor playground
fights.[44] Those who
have been arrested for a non-recordable offence or have been wrongly
arrested may also find themselves on the database, as do volunteers
who have given their DNA to help narrow down a list of possible
suspects; and, once on the database, they find it very difficult
to get themselves removed.[45]
28. As noted earlier, the statistics show no clear
increase in the detection rate from the shift from taking DNA
on charge to taking DNA on arrest. We are also aware of the fact
that arrests have been made for flimsy reasons,[46]
whereas there has to be a solid basis for charging someone with
an offence. It could therefore be argued that the DNA from
those never charged with an offence should be treated differently
from those charged but not convicted. However, this runs counter
to the principle in England and Wales that in law people are either
innocent or guilty by introducing gradations of innocence. It
also does not tackle the nub of the problem: arrest should be
a high threshold. At least in part, the anomalies have arisen
in the current system because of the way in which offences are
treatedfor example, far more incidents are now classified
as crimes of violence even if no physical assault has taken placeand
target-driven policing has encouraged police officers to treat
minor incidents formally in order to reach targets. We hope that
both these trends will be mitigated by the move back to 'commonsense
policing'; if so, the number of arrests for flimsy reasons should
decline sharply. We therefore do not recommend the return to the
pre-2004 situation of DNA being collected only on charging not
on arrest.
29. However, the counter-balance to this is that
it should be easier for those wrongly arrested or who have volunteered
their DNA to get their records removed from the database. We recommend
some changes to make this possible later in this report.
30. The Government's proposals treat adults and juveniles
differently, imposing an across-the-board limit of six years retention
for adults arrested for but not convicted of a recordable offence.
For under 18 year olds who fall into the 'arrested but not convicted'
category, the proposals differentiate by age and by seriousness
of offence. For under 16s, whatever the offence for which they
are arrested, retention of DNA profiles would be for three years.
16 and 17 year olds arrested for a serious violent, sexual or
terrorist offence (including the offences of aiding, abetting
or conspiring to commit such offences) would have their profiles
retained for six years (like adults); retention would be for three
years for 16 or 17 year olds arrested for any other offence.[47]
31. It is arguable on the basis of natural justice
and the ECHR's judgment that those suspected of committing the
most serious crimes should be treated differently from those suspected
of more minor crimes. Ms Abbott, Liberty and GeneWatch clearly
thought so. We support the distinctions made among juveniles,
not least because numerous studies have shown that many 'get into
trouble with the law' for something comparatively minor and never
offend again. This leaves the question whether the same distinction
should be made among adults. The police argued that enough people
progressed from committing 'minor' crimes to serious crime that
the effectiveness of the database would be seriously undermined
if those suspected of minor crimes had their DNA profiles deleted
earlier than others. We accept this, and therefore do not recommend
that the Bill's provisions relating to adults make a distinction
between those arrested for major and minor crimes.
32. Having recommended that the DNA profiles of adults
convicted of crimes should be retained indefinitely, and that
no distinction should be made among those arrested but not convicted,
we turn now to the period of time for which this latter group's
profiles should be kept.
33. We have already noted that the Government's initial
proposal to retain such profiles for twelve years was abandoned
after the research apparently supporting it proved to be defective.
In his letter of 2 February 2010 to Members of Parliament responding
to issues raised in debate on the Second Reading of the Crime
and Security Bill, the Home Secretary considered how the time
limit should be determined. He said:
34. The Home Secretary is right to caution against
a simple identification of a second arrest, with no indication
of outcome, as being proof of guilt. If faced with a crime such
as burglary, where it is known that a high proportion of offences
is committed by a limited number of repeat offenders, it is right
for the police to look first at suspects previously arrested for
a similar crime, rather than to the general population. Arrest
to arrest data reveal the likelihood of being arrested again,
but do not equate to the risk of offending after an initial arrest.
35. However, accepting these data for want of better,
the issues to be addressed are whether those arrested but not
convicted are more likely than the general population to be arrested
subsequently, and for how many years after the initial arrest
does the probability of a second arrest arise. The Home Secretary
explained that, on the data available, "we estimated that
the risk of re-arrest in the group originally arrested but not
convicted remains higher than in the general population for six
years after the initial arrest, providing a justification for
our retention policy".[49]
Unfortunately, the Home Office had only a maximum of three years
of usable data on arrests because the Police National computer
had been 'weeded' of arrest entries for earlier years.[50]
This analysis shows that adults arrested but not convicted are
significantly more likely to be re-arrested than the general population
for up to three years after the initial arrest. However, the Home
Office statisticians had insufficient data on which to base their
estimates beyond three years, so they simply extrapolated from
the data for those re-arrested within three years for the group
on the database and made an estimate of the arrest rate for the
general population. They entered the caveat that "the intersection
of the two [lines] around the six-year point is quite sensitive
to errors in either the extrapolation or the estimated risk of
criminality for the general population." In other words,
it is not certain that either the extrapolation or the estimate
is correct, so it is not certain that six years is really where
the difference in probability reduces to a minimum: the timescale
could be longer, it could be shorter. It is noteworthy that part
of the uncertainty is attributable to the fact, as the analysis
report recognises, that some of the group arrested but not convicted
will never be arrested again. Given what we have already found
about the inappropriateness of some arrests, this uncertainty
could be significant.
As shown in the figure above, most of the risk of
re-arrest for those arrested but not convicted is in the years
immediately following the initial arrest: the probability of re-arrest
decreases sharply during the first year and remains significant
for about three years.
36. A three year retention period is what has been
adopted in Scotland for some types of offences. Until the passage
of the Police, Public Order and Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act
2006, all DNA data (both samples and profiles) taken from a subject
in Scotland were destroyed or deleted from databases if the subject
was not subsequently convicted in a criminal court. The 2006 Act,
however, permitted the retention of data after the conclusion
of criminal proceedings where the subject had been prosecuted
in the criminal court for, though not convicted of, a 'relevant
sexual offence' or 'relevant violent offence'. 'Relevant sexual
offence' included a wide range of offences such as rape, indecent
assault and child pornography; 'relevant violent offence' encompassed
crimes such as murder, assault or fire raising but not all crimes
involving some element of violence (for example, breach of the
peace or the carrying of offensive weapons in public).[51]
Where DNA data is retained under these provisions, it must be
deleted from the database and destroyed within three years of
the conclusion of criminal proceedings, or by any later date set
by a sheriff following application by a chief constable. The sheriff
may make an order for destruction to be delayed for up to two
years, but this can be extended if the chief constable applies
37. Decisions on retention periods must balance
public safety against individual privacy. The current situation
of indefinite retention of the DNA profiles of those arrested
but not convicted is impossible to defend in light of the judgment
of the European Court of Human Rights and unacceptable in principle.
However, given the complexity of the issues and the conflicting
evidence about what would be an appropriate length of time for
retention, we are unable to recommend a specific period other
than to say that we would regard three years as the minimum length
of time for which such profiles should be retained.
38. Even with a time limit for retention of the DNA
profiles of those arrested but not convicted, there will still
need to be provisions for the removal of profiles from the database
in cases of wrongful arrest, when volunteers want them deleted,
and so on. We noted that one of the most inequitable aspects of
the current DNA regime was the inconsistency in the approach of
Chief Constables to requests to have profiles removed. Despite
the existence of the Exceptional Case guidance issued by ACPO,
research carried out in the form of Freedom of Information requests
to the various police forces showed wide variations between regions:
while overall 22% of requests were granted, six police forces
(Cambridgeshire, City of London, Dyfed Powis, Gloucestershire,
Humberside and Nottingham) removed none while South Yorkshire
and Wiltshire removed 80% or more.[53]
39. Legally, the DNA profiles are owned by whichever
police force entered them on the database, with the Chief Constable
acting as the data controller. Although they agreed that greater
consistency and transparency in decision-making were needed, the
police told us that a strength of the current system was that
data were owned by the individual police forces rather than a
central organisation. They felt this guaranteed that greater care
was taken in the recovery and recording of DNA material and profiles.
They suggested all that was needed was some greater codification
of the process by means of the Crime and Security Bill, plus some
clearer guidance to Chief Constables.[54]
We considered that this would still leave considerable scope for
inconsistency between 43 forces, and that the lack of a central
point to which the public could send their requests for removal
and from which they could receive advice was also a flaw in the
40. One option for such a central clearing point
would be the National Policing Improvement Agency, which runs
the database.[55] However,
at a late stage in our deliberations, another and better option
was suggested: the National DNA Database Strategy Board. This
organisation already exists informally, but the Crime and Security
Bill would place it on a statutory basis. The Board, while chaired
by the ACPO lead on DNA and including officials from the Home
Office and the Association of Police Authorities, also includes
independent members such as the Information Commissioner, the
Forensic Science Regulator and members of the National DNA Database
Ethics Group. Overall, therefore, it is more independent of the
police than the NPIA. The Government has tabled amendments
at Report Stage of the Bill to give the National DNA Database
Strategy Board the central co-ordinating role, as the organisation
to which applications for deletion of records would be made, handling
the case, making a recommendation to the relevant chief constable
based on the statutory guidance that it (the Board) would issue,
and informing the applicant of the result. We support these proposals.
41. The Home Secretary has assured us that the Strategy
Board would consult widely on the guidance to chief constables
before issuing it, and said that he expected the guidance to reflect
the range of circumstances where retention of a DNA profile was
clearly inappropriate, such as where it was objectively clear
that no offence had been committed. We consider that the then
Home Affairs Committee should be consulted by the Board on the
draft guidance. The Home Secretary cited an example of where DNA
data should not be retained that of someone arrested for
shoplifting when trying to exchange goods for which she was carrying
the receipt. This example is absolutely cut and dried; we expect
the guidance to allow for the destruction of data in a far wider
range of cases.
Public Bill Committee: Crime and Security Bill, 4 February 2010,
col 234-235 Back
See para 37 below. Back
Under the Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 Back
Qq 160-171 Back
Qq 3 and 36 Back
Q 195 Back
Q 188 Back
Q 190 Back
Q 191 Back
HC Deb, 17 June 2009, col 315W Back
Q 191 Back
Case of S and Marper v United Kingdom [2008] ECHR
1581, para 119 Back
Home Office, Keeping the Right People on the DNA Database:
Science and Public Protection, May 2009 Back
"DNA storage proposal 'incomplete'", BBC News Online,
25 September 2009, www.bbc.co.uk/news Back
See evidence given by the Home Secretary to the Home Affairs Committee
on 15 December 2009, The Work of the Home Office, HC 165-i,
Qq 24-25 Back
Explanatory Notes to the Bill, para 46 Back
Clause 13 of the Bill as amended in Public Bill Committee Back
All in clause 14 of the Bill as amended in Public Bill Committee Back
Under the Terrorism Act 2000, Schedule 8, para 14 Back
Clause 17 of the Bill as amended in Public Bill Committee Back
As amended in Public Bill Committee Back
Public Bill Committee: Crime and Security Bill, 26 January 2010
(afternoon), Q 82 Back
Qq 11-16 and 22 (Liberty) and 17-20 (Ms Abbott) and Ev 33-Ev 34
(GeneWatch) Back
Paragraph 7 Back
Q 146 Back
See Home Affairs Committee, Policing in the 21st
Century, Seventh Report of Session 2007-08, HC 364-i, especially
paragraphs 19ff Back
Qq 160-172 Back
See the experiences of Jonathan Leighton: Qq 162 and 169-171 Back
Clause 14 of Bill Back
Known as arrest to arrest data Back
Letter of 2 February 2010 to Members of Parliament Back
Home Office (2009) DNA re-arrest hazard rate analysis on
www.homeoffice.gov.uk/documents/cons-2009-dna-database Back
SPICe [Scottish Parliament Information Centre] Briefing, Criminal
Justice and Licensing (Scotland) Bill: Fingerprint and DNA Data,
1 May 2009 Back
Ibid. Back
Figures published on BBC News Website, in DNA data 'a lottery
for innocent', 31 December 2009 Back
Qq 82-103 Back
Oral evidence given to the Home Affairs Committee and published
in The work of the National Policing Improvement Agency,
HC 166, 15 December 2009, Q 18 Back
Figures published on BBC News Website, in DNA data 'a lottery
for innocent', 31 December 2009 Back
Qq 82-103 Back
Oral evidence given to the Home Affairs Committee and published
in The work of the National Policing Improvement Agency,
HC 166, 15 December 2009, Q 18 Back


text:
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