text:
VOLUME 25, NUMBER 1, March, 1979
Richard M. Klein, Editor, Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
Editorial Board
Jerry D. Davis - University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI
Peter Heywood - Brown University, Providence, RI
Anitra Thorhaug - Florida International University, Key Biscayne, FL
Richard P. Wunderlin - University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
Change of Address. Notify the Treasurer of the Botanical Society of America. Inc., Dr. Barbara D. Webster, Department of Agronomy & Range Science. University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
Subscriptions for libraries and for persons not members of the Society can be obtained for $10.00 per year. Orders plus checks payable to "Botanical Society of America. Inc." should be sent directly to the Treasurer of the Society.
Manuscripts for the Plant Science Bulletin should be submitted to the editor. The Bulletin welcomes announcements, notes, notices and items of general interest to members of the Botanical Society and to the botanical community at large. No charge for inclusion of notices is made. Material submitted must be typed, double-spaced and in duplicate. Copy should follow the style of recent issues of the Bulletin.
Microfilms of the Plant Science Bulletin are available from University Microfilms, 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
The Plant Science Bulletin is published quarterly at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405. Second class postage paid at Burlington, VT.
Report on the Botanical Society of America Delegation to the People's Republic of China, May and June 1978
74th Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of America
Editorial Search Committee
In early 1971, after our government had received broad hints about reopening the question of Sino-American relationships, an invitation went to two American biologists to enter the People's Republic of China. One of these was Professor Arthur Galston of Yale University, a member of the Botanical Society. Galston returned in 1972 to work at the Lu Gou Ch'iao Agricultural Commune twenty miles from Peking. In 1976, the president of the Botanical Society, Peter Raven, appointed Galston to head a committee on liaison between the People's Republic of China and the Botanical Society of America, and prolonged but very friendly correspondence began for an exchange of delegations. A ten-person delegation was officially invited in 1977 from the Botanical Society of America to be guests of the People's Republic of China. From the several hundred botanists who applied, a delegation consisting of botanists representing a broad spectrum of botanical interests, regions of the United States and age was chosen including Lawrence Bogorad, Harvard University, leader and plant physiologist; Bruce Bartholomew, University of California-Berkeley, systematics; R. H. Hageman, University of Illinois, physiology; Richard A. Howard, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, systematics; J. William Schopf, UCLA, paleobotany; Jane Shen-Miller, National Science Foundation, physiology; Richard C. Starr, University of Texas, phycology; William Tai, Michigan State University, cytogenetics; Anitra Thorhaug, Florida International University, marine botany and pollution; and Thomas Elias, Cary Arboretum, phytogeography and systematics.
As reported by Thomas Elias and Anitra Thorhaug at the plenary session of the 1978 Botanical Society meeting in Virginia, the delegation was met with every courtesy and much warmth and graciousness by the many groups of Chinese scientists. They appeared delighted to host us and were anxious to hear of progress in United States science in a number of categories of botany which were of great interest to them. In city after city the groups asked that their best regards be sent to specific botanists they knew or had read of and to the members of the Botanical Society of America at large. They were most anxious for contacts to be made between their own research groups and those in various laboratories in the United States carrying out the same type of research.
Our delegation had submitted a list of cities to be visited from which the Chinese had selected a group of cities within the available time each of which had from two to eight institutes of botany. We proceeded from Canton in the subtropical south, where we visited the South China Botanical Garden, the Fushan Marsh Gas Electrical Power Station (biogas), Sun Yat-sen University, Ding Hou San Arboretum and the Institute of Botany; to the southwest Yunnan Province, where few visitors had previously visited the Institute of Botany and the Yunnan University. We then proceeded to Shanghai, to the old and illustrious Institute of Plant Physiology, as well as the Lung Hua Seedling Nursery and Botanical Garden (containing the most outstanding collection of bonsai plants any of us had seen), the Ma-Lo People's Commune, the Biochemistry Institute, an Agricultural Academy and the noted Futan University. We went to the beautiful garden city of Hangchow, where we visited the Botanical Garden and the University; then proceeded to Nanking, the Institute of Botany, Agricultural Institute of Kiangsu Province, Nanking University, the Soils Research Institute, and the Institute of Geology and Paleontology. At this point the group was split into two parts. The major group went to Wuhan (also called the oven of China for its excessive summer temperatures), to visit the Institute of Botany in Wuhan University, the Provincial Research Institute of Hydrobiology, and the Academy of Agriculture of Hopeh Province. The other group, consisting of myself and Richard Starr, proceeded to the much cooler seacoast town of Tsingtao and visited the Institute of Oceanology, the Huang Hai Fisheries Institute, the College of Oceanology and the Tsingtao Aquarium and Marine Museum. We reunited in Peking, the center and heart of all science in China, where we visited the Botanical Garden, the Atomic Institute of Agriculture, the Institute of Genetics (Academia Sinica), the famed and central Institute of Botany (Academia Sinica), the illustrious Peking University and the Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Academia Sinica. Returning to Canton, we exited, exhausted, through Hong Kong.
Realising that one of the important functions of our mission was to transmit information to United States botanists, we assigned a "responsible party member" for each institute to write a trip report and also assigned a specialist as we visited various laboratories within the institute to write reports on, for instance, "tissue culture" or "electron microscopy" at that institute. This report plus synthetic articles give our opinions about a spectrum of subject areas between the many institutes (i.e., Phytosystematics, Physiology, Botanical Gardens, etc.) studied and will be published by Stanford University Press, U.S.-China Relations Division, in early spring. The volume will contain names and addresses of all people visited as well as past, present and future research in all the departments mentioned above. Since these are the major places of plant research in China, it should be extremely helpful in assessing the state of botanical science in China as well as of specific interest to people wishing to make further contact with their Chinese colleagues, most of whom will be listed. It is best to order a copy now for you or your library; final price at cost will be between $7.50 and $12.50. To order, write to Dr. Anitra Thorhaug, c/o 600 Grapetree Drive, #4EN, Key Biscayne, Florida 33149.
The organization of science in China is different from the United States, since all science is done under the auspices of the federal or the provincial government. There is national science program planning, as well as provincial science program planning (so that provincial needs can be met). During the past ten years (1967-1978) the Cultural Revolution took place. At the People's Party Congress in March 1978, this revolution has been replaced by a new emphasis on science and technology, which has been headlined recently in United States news media: Graduate programs came to a standstill during the Cultural Revolution, but have now been reinstituted and a desire to exchange students on a graduate and post-graduate basis was reiterated over and over.
A preponderance of the botanical research in China occurs at government research institutes; however, there was a substantial amount occurring within universities by faculty, who are just recently being increasingly freed from teaching time to pursue their independent research. Quite frequently a faculty member at a university or college has a joint appointment at the nearby research institute and pursues research there.
The major research foci could be explained in the following way. The role of botanical gardens in China is in a great state of flux, since activities and the role of the classical botanical garden changed greatly during the Cultural Revolution. Size, number of staff and collection of Chinese plants are often impressive. Phytotaxonomy had received a considerable amount of support and a great deal of energy of Chinese botanists has gone into this
field. There is a specific journal, Acta Phytotaxonimica Sinica, whereas all other botanical research is reported in the Acta Botanica Sinica. The major project pervading all taxonomic work at the present time is the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinica, which involves more than 200 botanists and will comprise 80 volumes by 1985. Five have now been published, ten are in press, with two volumes appearing shortly. An excellent article on phytotaxonomy will appear in a book by Bruce Bartholomew, including a list and addresses of all the workers separated by field, and an extensive bibliography. Forestry and urban forestry have received great attention; many of their urban trees are well designed and cared for. Unconventional crop breeding methods in China include wide hybridization between distantly related and unrelated plant species, being carried out at almost every commune. William Tai reports extensively on these aspects in Botany in China. Biochemistry and physiology suffered more than some of the other branches of botany during the Cultural Revolution, since these were thought to be more esoteric and not as practical toward the goals of the Chinese people. Thus many of the more physiological biochemical programs are being reinstituted now which have been dormant during the past ten years. Nitrogenase research, algae as fertilizers, however, as well as photosynthesis, is receiving considerable attention at some of the physiology institutes. Agriculture was considered one of the important goals of the last thirty years and previous delegations reported on this. * The state of phycology and marine botany is intertwined. Laminaria japonica being cultivated on a large scale is one of the highlights of the practical applications of phycology. Although phycological research is going forward in many research institutes, the Institute of Oceanology in Tsingtao seems to be the center of phycological and marine botanical work. J. W. Schopf has written an extensive report on paleobotany and palynology.
During the May and June 1978, the Botanical Society of America delegates had a taste of the varied and prolific botanical research occurring in this important botanical nation, the People's Republic of China, which has been closed off during the past thirty years from availability of information flow to most American botanists. Upon arriving home in the United States, many of the delegates tried to write short articles and get them in specific journals so that the information could be passed to the interested botanists. A book, Botany in China, will now contain an extensive summary of the information gained.
In summary, the People's Republic is a rapidly expanding botanical nation where a variety of crop-related and practical botanical research has been going on for thirty years. Recent events have signaled an increased interest in more theoretical aspects of botany. Thousands of trained botanical workers are diligently keying up in a series of laboratories throughout the Chinese provinces for a "springtime of science" in which botanical research is expected to lead the way to the level of modern western technology. We can expect a much more meaningful exchange between our Chinese colleagues and ourselves with respect to a whole realm of fields in which they have important and interesting research going forward.
* Plant Studies in the People's Republic of China: A Trip Report of the American Plant Studies Delegation. 1975. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 205 pp. and Johnson, V. A. and H. L. Beemer, Jr. (eds.). 1977. Wheat in the People's Republic of China: A Trip Report of the American Wheat Studies Delegation. CSCPRC Report No.6. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 190 pp.
*Herbert G. Baker (1979), Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
*Shirley C. Tucker (1979), Department of Botany, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
*Patricia K. Holmgren (1975-1979), New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458
*Barbara D. Webster (1977-1981), Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
Program Director:
*Charles Heimsch (1979-1981), Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056
Editorial Committee, American Journal of Botany:
William L. Culberson (1977-1979), Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706
A. Carl Leopold (1978-1980), Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
Nels R. Lersten (1979-1981), Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
Editor, American Journal of Botany:
*Ernest M. Gifford, Department of Botany, University of California, Davis, California 95616
Editor, Plant Science Bulletin:
*Richard M. Klein (1976-1980), Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401
Business Manager, American Journal of Botany:
*Richard A. Popham (1973-1982), Department of Botany, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
Past President, 1978:
*William A. Jensen, Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
Past President, 1977:
*Warren H. Wagner, Jr., Department of Botany, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
Past President, 1976:
*Barbara F. Palser, Department of Botany, P.O. Box 1059, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
Chairperson (1978-1980):
* Judith G. Croxdale, Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
Vice-Chairperson (1979-1981):
Philip V. Ammirato, Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
Secretary (1979-1981):
Dan B. Walker, Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1977-1979): Jerome P. Miksche, Department of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
Chairman (1979):
*Edward E. C. Clebsch, Graduate Program in Ecology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916
Vice-Chairman (1979):
Jerry M. Baskin, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
Secretary (1977-1979):
Carol C. Baskin, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1977-1979):Patricia A. Werner, Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060
Chairman (1979-1980):
Emanuel D. Rudolph, Department of Botany, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
Vice-Chairman (1979-1980):
David H. Rembert, Jr., Biology Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
Secretary-Treasurer (1971-1979):
*Ronald L. Stuckey, Department of Botany, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1973-1981):
Emanuel D. Rudolph, Department of Botany, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
Chairman (1977-1979):
Peter R. Day, Department of Genetics, Connecticut Agric. Exp. Stat., New Haven, Connecticut 06504
Vice-Chairman (1977-1979):
Henry Aldrich, Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
Secretary (1975-1979):
Annette Hervey, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458
Representative to the Council (1977-1979): *O'Neil Ray Collins, Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1977-1979): Peter R. Day, Department of Genetics, Connecticut Agric. Exp. Stat., New Haven, Connecticut 06504
Chairman (1979):
Gar W. Rothwell, Department of Botany, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
Secretary-Treasurer (1978-1980):
*Charles N. Miller, Jr., Botany Department, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59801
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1978-1979): David L. Dilcher, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401
Chairman (1977-1979):
*James R. Rosowski, School of Life Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
Secretary (1978-1980):
Russell L. Chapman, Department of Botany, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1977-1979): Larry R. Hoffman, Department of Botany, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
Chairperson (1977-1980):
*Anitra Thorhaug, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
Vice-Chairperson (1977-1980):
John L. Gallagher, Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., 200 Southwest 35th Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1977-1980):
Joseph Arditti, Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92664
Chairperson (1979):
*Dale Smith, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
Chairperson-elect (1979):
Daniel J. Crawford, Department of Botany, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
Secretary (1977-1979):
David Seigler, Department of Botany, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
Treasurer (1978-1979):
Mark W. Bierner, Department of Botany, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1979-1980): David A. Young, Department of Botany, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
Chairman (1979-1980):
Gerald J. Gastony, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401
Secretary-Treasurer (1978-1980):
*James D. Caponetti, Department of Botany, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1979-1980): Patricia G. Gensel, Department of Botany, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
Chairperson (1979):
James L. Seago, Department of Biology, State University College, Oswego, New York 13126
Vice-Chairperson (1979):
Nancy G. Dengler, Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S lAl
Secretary-Treasurer (1978-1980):
*Rudolf Schmid, Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1978-1980): Nels R. Lersten, Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
Chairman (1979-1980):
*Loran C. Anderson, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
Secretary (1977-1979):
Melinda F. Denton, Department of Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1979-1981): David E. Giannasi, Department of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
Chairman (1979):
Charles R. Curtis, Department of Plant Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
Vice-Chairman and Program Coordinator (1979): Barrett N. Rock, Department of Biology, Alfred University, Alfred, New York 14802
Secretary (1979-1981):
*Larry R. Yoder, Ohio State University, Marion, Ohio 43302
Representative to AJB Editorial Board (1976-1980): S. N. Postlethwait, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Chairman (1979):
E. Marie Boyle, 1521 Norman Road, Havertown, Pennsylvania 19083
Secretary-Treasurer (1979-1981):*Alfred E. Schuyler, Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th & Parkway, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
Chairperson (1979):
Ronald J. Taylor, Biology Department, Western Washington State University, Bellingham, Washington 98225
Vice-Chairperson (1979):
Richard J. Naskali, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843
Secretary-Treasurer (1977-1979): *David Bilderback, Department of Botany, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59801
Chairman (1977-1979):
*James F. Matthews, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina 28213
Secretary-Treasurer (1978-1980):
Michael J. Baranski, Department of Biology, Catawba College, Salisbury, North Carolina 28144
Chairman of Activities Committee (1979-1981):
James W. Wallace, Department of Biology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723
*Persons so marked are members of the Council.
The annual meeting of the Botanical Society of America will be held 12-17 August at the Oklahoma State University at Stillwater under the auspices of the American Institute of Biological Sciences and Oklahoma State University. Registration forms and information about housing arrangements and meals will appear in BioScience in April 1979. If you don't subscribe to BioScience, write to AIBS, 1401 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209 for registration forms. The Council of the Botanical Society will meet during the meeting week and all members may present suggestions and items of business to the Council through the Secretary of the Society, Dr. Patricia Holmgren. There will also be a general business meeting at which all members can participate in considering major issues before the Society. In addition to reports to be read at contributed paper sessions and symposia, members may present demonstrations. Abstracts and paper titles must be submitted to the appropriate Section secretary.
Several field trips are included in the programs of the Society, its sections, and allied societies that are participating in the Oklahoma meetings.
FERN FORAY (10-12 August) sponsored by the American Fern Society and the Pteridological section. The area of the trip will be northwest Arkansas. Contact Dr. W. Carl Taylor, Botany Department, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 Wells St., Milwaukee, WI 53233.
FORAY TO NORTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA (11-12 August) sponsored by the Ecological Society of America, the American Society of Plant Taxonomists and the Systematic section. Contact Dr. Paul Nighswonger, Department of Biology, Northwestern Oklahoma State University, Ala, OK 73717.
WICHITA MOUNTAINS AND CADDO CANYON (11-12 August) sponsored by the Ecological Society of America, American Society of Plant Taxonomists and the Botanical Society. Contact Dr. James K. McPherson, School of Biological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074.
GRASSES AND GRASSLANDS OF OKLAHOMA (11 August) sponsored by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists and the Systematic section. The trip will visit the grasslands of north-central Oklahoma. Contact Dr. James R. Estes, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73069.
PHYCOLOGICAL FIELD TRIP (12 August) sponsored by the Phycological Society of America and the Phycological section. The Chickasha National Recreation Area will be visited. Contact Dr. Lois Pfeister, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Aklahoma, Norman OK 73069.
STRIP MINES IN THE ARKOMA BASIN (11-12 August) sponsored by the Paleobotanical section. Mines to be visited are in southeastern Oklahoma and some yield excellent compressions of Pennsylvanian plant remains. Contact Dr. Charles N. Miller, Jr., Department of Botany, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 58912.
Registration for the Fern Foray and the trip to the strip mines is to be made through the individuals noted above. Registration for the other trips should be made through AIBS on the form provided with the registration package.
On 1 January 1980, my five-year term as Editor of the American Journal of Botany comes to an end. President William Jensen has appointed, in accordance with the constitution, a search committee consisting of Theodore Delevoryas, Barbara Palser, Richard Popham and Ernest M. Gifford (Chairman) to recommend a new Editor at the 1979 Annual Meeting of the Society who will assume the editorship at the beginning of January 1980.
I believe that the editor should have a respectable publication record plus competency in English and a working knowledge of German, French and Spanish. Probably, the person should be fairly senior in rank.
Currently, the editorship carries an honorarium of $2500 a year and, although this can hardly be considered adequate pay for professional services, it does help. Your suggestions for candidates to replace me will be greatly appreciated. A brief statement in support of your nomination(s), not excluding yourself, should be sent to Dr. Ernest M. Gifford, Editor-in-Chief, American Journal of Botany, Department of Botany, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
The Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation had a show, "Reflections from the Third Day. Photographic Revelations of Plant Design" from 20 November 1978 through 16 February 1979.
The Kentucky Academy of Science Foundation for
Botanical Research is now receiving applications for 1979-1980 grants of $500 to support student research. Grants are open to applicants enrolled in a college or university within Kentucky and from students from outside the State whose research involves a study to be conducted within the State. Applications should be sent to Dr. Joe E. Winstead, Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101.
The Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation has established the George H. M. Lawrence Memorial Fund to honor the memory of the founding director. The income from the fund will be used to provide an annual award to support doctoral research in one or more of Dr. Lawrence's fields of special interest.
The report of the Botanical Society's delegation to China will be published this spring by the Stanford University Press. Entitled "Botany in China," the book will be edited by Dr. Anitra Thorhaug and written by the ten delegates of the Society plus Dr. Arthur Galston, Chairman of the Liaison Committee of the Society.
The Historical Section of the Botanical Society will sponsor a special lecture at the annual meeting of the Society at Oklahoma State University in August 1979. Dr. Kenneth L. Jones, Emeritus Professor of Botany at the University of Michigan will speak on "The study of lives of scientists as a bridge between science and the humanities" on Tuesday 14 August 1979.
"Restoration of Major Plant Ecosystems," a collection of papers has been published by Elsevier Press. Proceeds from the book will go to the Physiological Section Student Fund. Copies are available from Dr. Anitra Thorhaug, 600 Grapetree Drive, #4EN, Key Biscayne, FL 33149.
The Flora North America Project was recently revitalized by the Man and Biosphere Program as a binational effort between the United States and Canada to produce a conventional flora of the vascular plants of North America north of Mexico using traditional methods. Funding for the proposed five volumes is provided by the National Park Service, with long-term support being explored by a Program Council chaired by Peter H. Raven. The Editorial sub-committee consists of Reed C. Rollins, Howard S. Irwin and Roy L. Taylor; James L. Reveal has been appointed Editor. Individuals wishing additional information should contact Dr. James L. Reveal, Editor, Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.
The Phloem Translocator, a newsletter for the dissemination of information to the phloem workers of the world has published its first issue in January 1979. Botanists interested and wishing to be placed on the mailing list should contact Dr. Michael A. Walsh, Department of Biology, Plant Anatomy Research Laboratories, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322.
The Missouri Botanical Garden and the New York Botanical Garden have been awarded a grant of $200,000 by the U. S. Office of Education to be used to recatalog the libraries at both institutions.
A summary of past, present and future botanical research in the People's Republic of China by the Botanical Society of America delegation of ten visit to ten cities and 35 botanical institutions, universities, etc., May-June, 1978. Including a list of workers by field (names and addresses), summaries on botanical gardens; systematics and herbaria; phytogeography, threatened, endangered and rare species; forestry; plant breeding; molecular genetics; physiology and biochemistry; phycology; marine botany; agriculture; paleontology; and energy-related aspects of botany. Place orders now for this historic book to be published at cost in April through the Botanical Society of America (estimated cost $7.50 to $12.50) by writing to Dr. A. Thorhaug, ed., 600 Grapetree Drive, #4EN, Key Biscayne, Florida 33149.
Endangered Plant Species of the World and Their Endangered Habitats: A Compilation of the Literature by Meryl A. Miasek and Charles R. Long contains over 600 citations in an attempt to document world-wide efforts to list endangered plants and their special habitats. The bibliography can be obtained for $3.50 from The Library, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458.
Dr. Barbara F. Palser of Rutgers University has been awarded an honorary D.Sc. from Wellesley College.
Dr. Y. P. S. Bajaj, Professor of Tissue Culture at the Punjab Agricultural University has joined the Indian Council of Agricultural Research as a National Fellow.
Dr. E. Hennipman, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands received the 1979 Jesse M. Greenman award for "A monograph of the fern genus Bolbitis (Lomariopsidaceae)." The award of $250 is presented annually by the Alumni Association of the Missouri Botanical Garden to recognize the best paper in vascular plant or bryophyte systematics based on a doctoral thesis. Papers published in 1978 are now being considered for the 12th annual award and reprints should be sent to Dr. Alwyn H. Gentry, Department of Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110.
Dr. T. T. Kozlowski, Professor of Forest Science at the University of Wisconsin, was awarded the degree of D.Sc. from the University Catholoque de Louvain, Louvain-la-Nueve, Belgium.
AN OPENING IN MYCOLOGY exists in the Department of Biology, Harvard University. The area of research interest is not necessarily restricted to taxonomy, but applicants should at least show strong interest in systematics as the position includes duties as curator of the cryptogamic collection of the Farlow Herbarium. Nominations and applications should be sent to Dr. Martin Zimmermann, Harvard Forest, Peter- sham, MA 01366.
A BOTANIST is being sought to fill a tenure-track position at the assistant professor level. Appointment begins 16 August 1979 with a salary range of $14,000 to $14,800. Primary responsibilities include teaching an undergraduate vascular plant systematics course, development of another undergraduate and graduate level courses in areas of expertise, curating the herbarium and establishing independent research/graduate programs. The Ph.D. is required. Forward resume and three letters of evaluation to Dr. Syed M. Jalal, Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, NO 58202.
A DIRECTOR OF THE HERBARIUM is being sought at the Southern Methodist University. Applicants must be well established in the field, hold the Ph.D. and have qualifications for a tenured appointment at the associate or full professor level. There must be a commitment to undergraduate and graduate teaching, administrative and curatorial experience and demonstrated competence in research in plant systematics.
Resume including teaching, research, administrative and curatorial experience, a statement of research and professional goals and names of at least three references should be sent to Dr. Venita F. Allison, Chairman, Department of Biology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275.
POST-DOCTORAL SUMMER RESEARCH STIPENDS are available for field research at the Mountain Lake Biological Station of the University of Virginia. Stipends of
$1500 are available for studies of a wide variety of terrestrial and fresh water environments. Deadline is 15 May 1979. Contact Dr. James L. Riopel, Director, Mountain Lake Biological Station, Gilmer Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903.
AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY and assistant botanist in the Agricultural Experiment Station is being sought by the University of California. The 11 month appointment is 75% research, 25% teaching. The candidate is expected to develop a research program on cellular mechanisms of uptake of organic molecules including soil-applied herbicides. The Ph.D. is required, as is a strong background in appropriate biophysical techniques. Teaching responsibilities include an upper-division, undergraduate course in plant physiology and/or a course in weed science. Applications including resume, statement of research and teaching goals, transcripts and three letters of recommendation should be sent to Dr. D. E. Bayer, Botany Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
POST-GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS at the Hunt Institution will be available for the 1979-1980 period. Fellowships are tenable in the History of Botany, Botanical Biography and Iconography, Bibliography and History of Botanical Art. Stipends will be $10,000. Applicants should submit a curriculum vitae and the names of three recommenders plus a brief description of the proposed research project. Send to Dr. Robert W. Kiger, Director, Hunt Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
AN ASSISTANT PROFESSORSHIP IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY will be filled by the Biology Department of Yale University. The department is interested in applicants working in molecular aspects of genetics or development of plants or animals. The successful candidate will be expected to contribute to a strong departmental program in molecular biology and to participate in undergraduate and graduate teaching. Curricula vitae, resume of past and present research and names of three referees should be sent to Chairman, Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.
AN ASSIST ANT PROFESSOR OF HORTICULTURE is being sought by the University of Delaware. A recent Ph.D. in plant science with emphasis on horticultural physiology and ornamental horticulture is required. Duties include developing and teaching undergraduate courses in greenhouse management, production and management of ornamentals and a graduate course, to advise undergraduate and graduate students and guide thesis research, and to develop an active research program in horticultural physiology and ornamental horticulture. Send letters of application, resume, transcripts and three letters of reference to Dr. C. R. Curtis, Chairperson, Department of Plant Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711.
AN ASSISTANT OR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY is being sought by Northeastern University to teach introductory plant biology or a quarter of the large general biology course, a comprehensive plant physiology course and to share teaching of other advanced plant science courses or cell physiology and to develop graduate courses in area of specialty. Candidates must develop research of own and graduate students in physiology of vascular plants preferably with cell-physiological or biochemical orientation. The Ph.D. and teaching experience and evidence of recent productivity are required. Curriculum vitae, transcripts, statements of current and planned research and names of three references should be sent to Dr. Daniel Scheirer, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115.
AN ASSISTANT OR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN BOTANY/MARINE ECOLOGY is being sought by North-eastern University. The successful applicant will teach one term of the large biology course or alternatively, teach or share botany and related courses for majors and non-majors, to share teaching of one-quarter ecology course required of biology majors and to develop advanced courses in specialty. The successful candidate will develop a research program of own and graduate students in botanical aspects of ecology, preferably in phytoplankton/and or marine aquatic systems and will have corollary responsibility to share guidance of graduate students in plant science and ecology with other faculty. A Ph.D. is required as is teaching experience at the introductory level. Send curriculum vitae, transcripts, statement of current and planned research and the names of three professional references to Dr. Ernest Ruber, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION FELLOWSHIP at the post-doctoral, doctoral and graduate student level will be offered to support independent research in association with staff of the Institution. Contact the Office of Fellowships and Grants, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20506.
TEACHING AND RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS are open for qualified students desiring to pursue an M.S. degree at the Department of Plant Science, University of Delaware. Contact Dr. C. R. Curtis, Chairperson, Department of Plant Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711.
STAFF POSITIONS IN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY are open in the Department of Botany, Smothsonian Institution. Candidates with active research programs in monographic and/or floristic botany are sought. Preference will be given applicants with Ph.D. and demonstrated interest in evolutionary interpretations. Interested persons should send a statement of general research goals, curriculum vitae, U.S. Civil Service Standard Form 171, names of three references and a set of reprints to Dr. Dieter C. Wasshausen, Chairman, Department of Botany #161 NHB, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20506.
AN ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR AND BOTANICAL RESEARCH SCIENTIST is being sought by the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation. The position will carry faculty appointment as Research Scientist, equivalence Assistant Professor with 75% of time devoted to managerial and other assignments and the remainder to elective research. A letter of application, curriculum vitae and letters from three referees should be sent to Dr. Robert W. Kiger, Hunt Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POLYPLOIDY: BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE will be held 24-27 May 1979 at Washington University, St. Louis. Contact Dr. Walter H. Lewis, Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130.
THE MOUNTAIN LAKE BIOLOGICAL STATION of the University of Virginia will offer courses for under- graduate and graduate credit. The first term, 18 June-17 July, 1979 will include courses in Field Biology of Green Plants, Taxonomy and Ecology of Bryophytes and the Biology of Parasitic Angiosperms. The second term, 19 July-17 August, 1979 will offer Algology, Mycology, Forest Ecology and Paleobotany. Several fellowships will be available. Contact Dr. James L. Riopel, Mountain Lake Biological Station, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903.
A SHORT COURSE ON SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND X-RAY MICROANALYSIS will be held at Lehigh University on 25-29 June 1979. The course, which costs
$495 will cover the fundamentals of SEM and electron microprobe, energy and wavelength dispersive x-ray detectors and other topics. The course is open to engineers, scientists, technical managers and advanced technicians. Contact Prof. J. I. Goldstein, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Lehigh University, Whitaker Laboratory #5, Bethlehem, PA 18015.
THE 37th ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA and the 13th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam Analysis Society will be held at the Convention Center, San Antonio, TX on 13-17 August 1979. Dr. Myron C. Ledbetter has organized a symposium on "Electron Microscopy in the Plant Sciences." Information can be obtained from Dr. William H. Massover, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.
BIOLOGY OF PTERIDOPHYTES will be offered as a course by the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse at the University Wisconsin System Pigeon Lake Field Station on 8-27 July 1979. The course will emphasize identification and field ecology (habitat, reproduction, life history) with supplementary material on classification, phylogeny, and systematics. The instructor is James H. Peck. Contact the Director, Pigeon Lake Field Station, UW-Superior Superior, WI 54880.
THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON PHOTOBIOLOGY has been organized under the auspices of the Association Internationale de Photobiologie and will be held on 20-25 July 1980 in Strasbourg, France. Contact M. Charlier, Secretaire General, Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, lA avenue de la Recherches Scientifique, 45045 Orleans Cedex, France. Details and forms will be sent only to those who contact the Secretaire Generale.
Dr. Paul A. Vestal, Professor Emeritus at Rollins College died 12 September 1978.
Dr. Hilda F. Rosene, University of Texas at Austin, died 21 December 1978.
Dr. William J. Robbins, New York Botanical Garden and Rockefeller University, died in October 1978.
WHITE, MICHAEL J. D. Modes of Speciation. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco. 1978. 455 pp., illust. $27.50.
Periodic interpretive syntheses are necessary in order to make proper use of the data gathered or produced by scientists. This book is a good example of the genre, and a fine job it is. The author writes well, and has effectively marshalled the evidence to reach reasonable conclusions. I found myself underlining choice passages as I read. The author tries to cover both plants and animals, but the zoological part of the book is more successful than the botanical part. As a good zoologist, he is wedded to the so-called biological species concept, which botanical taxonomists have had to abandon as more productive of confusion than clarity when applied to plants. He has learned, and amply documented, that sympatric speciation can and sometimes does occur in animals as well as plants: one article of false faith properly discarded. He still accepts, however, the outmoded dogma that truly autoploid plants are rare, the seeming examples being mostly alloploids in disguise. Most botanical taxonomists have now learned better, although we will of course all admit that some apparent autoploids have been reconstituted from alloploids.
Botanists will find the book highly useful as a good exposition of what perceptive zoologists are thinking. Much of the theory is of course equally applicable to plants, but I get the feeling that the author is not really at home in the gardens of botany. That is no sin, but we should recognize the limitations as well as the virtues of the book. Even with these reservations, it is worth your money.
Arthur Cronquist, The New York Botanical Garden
STREET, H. E. (ed.). Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Second Edition. Botanical Monographs, Volume II. University of California Press, Berkeley. 1978. 624 pp.
The fifteen chapters review past and present developments of the rapidly evolving technology of plant cell culture. The volume has been extensively revised and distinctly improved from the first edition. The edition has more than 1500 references. Most of the chapters are written by acknowledged experts in the respective fields. The topics center predominantly on culture methodology, growth behavior, cytology and physiology of cultured plant cells. The choice of topics reflects the aspects of greatest interest and challenge to the Editor and the book is a particularly fitting legacy left by the late Professor H. E. Street.
The better chapters include those on nuclear cytology and anther culture which critically evaluate current information on technology and cytology. A chapter on differentiation is a heroic attempt to enumerate and condense into forty pages our current understanding of cytodifferentiation and morphogenesis. A short chapter presents an informative review on progress in protoplast isolation, culture and fusion. Leaving aside over-optimistic predictions, the review on the use of in vitro methods in the study of plant pathogens and symbiosis contains a fine resume of the topics. A valuable asset is the inclusion of definitions of terminology; regrettably such terms as mutualistic symbiosis and biotrophic were not defined. Although the absence of reviews on such topics as organ and embryo culture, mutagenesis, and applied morphogenesis limits its value, the volume is highly recommended as a reference to past and present developments in plant cell biology and culture.
Oluf L. Gamborg, Prairie Regional Laboratory Saskatoon, Sask., Canada
HUFFORD, TERRY L. Botany: Basic Concepts in Plant Biology. Harper & Row, N.Y. 1978. 535 pp. $16.95.
If one takes the preface of this book seriously, it is difficult to understand what the author really intends to do. If it is " . . . designed to serve primarily to supplement, enlarge upon, and perhaps offer alternative viewpoints to material discussed in class, and not as a primary teaching tool, . . ." it does not come up to my expectations. One has the feeling that the author set out to write a "different" kind of textbook than the comprehensive ones currently available, since he states: "Moreover, it must be remembered that general botany is a subject for all students, not just those interested in a career in some aspect of the botanical sciences." Later, he suggests: "A major purpose of this text is to help students arrive at concepts which are both reasonable and usable rather than to encourage memorization of definitions and dogma. The students
should understand that our knowledge of plants is really just a compilation of the 'best inferences' we can make, based upon current information." If one expects then to find a unique book, he/she will be disappointed; however, the text is interesting to read and the range of quotations from Dr. Seuss to Shakespeare provides something for all students to consider within a framework of their varied appreciations and experiences. The human perspective is emphasized throughout; the book could loosely be described as a "plants and man" text, with the attendant moralizing, value judgments, etc., that often accompany such treatments.
The usual range of topics generally considered to be a part of the basic concepts in botany are covered in greater detail than one might wish if the idea of arriving at concepts, rather than a body of "facts", is desired. It seems that as more students express an interest in having a general knowledge of botany, they are being provided with textbooks that become increasingly "factual". By landing on middle ground, this text is neither an outstanding comprehensive treatment nor an adequately simplified version. It is not well illustrated by today's standards. Again, it is interesting to read and will probably be a fairly popular text as an alternative to the more in-depth treatments currently available.
Janice C. Coffey, Queens College, Charlotte, N.C.
NEWTON, W., J. R. POSTGATE, AND C. RODRIQUEZ-BARRUECO (eds.). Recent Developments in Nitrogen Fixation. Academic Press, N.Y. 1977. 622 pp. $31.25.
These reports were presented at the Second International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation held in Salamanca, Spain in September 1976. The first meeting was held in 1974 in Pullman, Washington and the fact that a third such meeting was recently held in Madison, Wisconsin attests to the feverish pitch to which research on biological nitrogen fixation (and related, strictly chemical, phenomena) has risen. It is hoped that this review will precede the appearance of the volume describing the proceedings of the latter. The distribution of space to the various topics is approximately 100 pages for chemical systems, about 240 on the biochemistry and physiology of the process in asymbiotic microbes, 75 pages on strictly genetic aspects and perhaps 250 pages on the phenomenon in the more complicated symbiotic associations in plants.
Nitrogen chemistry and model systems are thoroughly discussed. The take home lesson here is that, leaving implications for the enzymatic process aside, the activation of nitrogen which occurs when coordinated to a transition metal must involve end-on coordination of N2 at a single metal site in which the reduction steps occur by single- electron steps. As aptly put by Leigh "the chemistry of coordinated dinitrogen is broader and more complex than ever expected."
Nitrogenase-components and mechanisms: It is well established that nitrogen-fixing procaryotes must be able to accommodate a rather stringent set of conditions: an Fe and an Fe-Mo protein, anaerobiosis at the active site, low potential electrons, an efficient MgATP generating system and an appropriate ADP/ATP ratio. While these conditions are rather well defined, exact mechanisms have not been elucidated even using EPR and Mossbauer Spectroscopy and may not be understood until the complete structures of proteins are known.
Recent advances in the genetics of the biological system in asymbiotic microbes have been exciting for the mobility of nif (genes associated with N2 fixation) provides a powerful tool for studying its regulation and its possible insertion into a new system (the eucaryote) via an appropriate plasmid, thereby eventual cloning nif into agriculturally-important crop plants. Genetic aspects are clearly discussed by Ausubel, Brill, Dixon and others.
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in plants taken in the broadest sense includes the nodulated legumes, the nodulated non-legumes (more properly termed actinorhizal nodulated angiosperms) and the loosely, primarily externally bound, associative systems characteristic of some grasses. This fine volume is concluded by papers on the actinorhizal-nodular systems. Lalonde's paper on the infection process in alder is in my opinion the outstanding report in the volume.
Well, it's all there, a host of facets the integration of which may provide an understanding of one of the most basic phenomena in our world, the means whereby gaseous N2 is recycled into the flux of living things. In the introduction Professor Bond notes that since the Third World Continents (South America and Africa) use only 10% of the world's production of fertilizer nitrogen, "one wonders whether the world can really afford to do it that way (i.e., "bag" nitrogen) as a permanent policy." Those who desire to attack the biological solution to the world's hunger should arm themselves with this volume, several other recent symposia proceedings, one of the recent encyclopedic works on background material and charge ahead! While there are many workers in the field as this volume attests, there are also many problems needing solution. A future Nobel Prize is in the offing. Jump in!
Warren S. Silver, University of South Florida
SMITH, H. (ed.). The Molecular Biology of Plant Cells. University of California Press, Berkeley. 1977. 506 pp., illust. $26.00.
This fine volume contains 17 papers addressing selected topics in basic cell physiology, biochemistry, and genetics. It is directed towards advanced undergraduate and graduate students not only in Botany but in other related fields. Each paper is written by a recognized authority, most of whom are British, and is placed under one of three major sections: (1) Plant Cell Structure and Function, (2) Gene Expression and its Regulation in Plant Cells, (3) The Manipulation of Plant Cells. Selected topics include: plant cell walls, membrane structure and transport, mitochondria, chloroplast structure and development, the genetic information of organelles and its expression, plant cell culture, and the physiology of protoplasts. As the title suggests, the major focus is on cellular molecular biology and metabolic paths and physiological processes of the intact plant are not stressed.
In spite of organizational difficulties imposed by a multiauthored text, Smith is successful in maintaining of continuity throughout the volume. Each chapter has a similar format, is well written, and provides the reader with a detailed, up-to-date discussion of each major subject. Numerous figures, graphs, tables and electron photomicrographs accompany each paper. Photo reproduction is good, most of the photomicrographs are crisp, and their inclusion provides additional clarification and stimulating reading. The volume is well referenced and has an adequate index. Each of the three major sections can in themselves be developed into separate volumes; their inclusion as sections
gives this volume an added dimension of breadth and the book stands as a basic text and reference source for further exploration in each general area. Chapters which I thought are particularly good include Chloroplasts--Structure and Function by N. Boardman and Phytochrome Action by P. Quail.
Although the coverage of topics in this book is generally thorough, there are several important omissions. There is only scanty reference to plasmodesmata and the types of intercellular communication which take place in plants, and more strikingly, there is hardly any treatment of vacuoles, certainly one of the most important of plant organelles. Plant development is touched on only lightly but will be addressed directly in a companion volume, Molecular Biology of Plant Development, which will be published soon. Overall the discussions in each chapter rate from good to refreshing and should provide a welcome addition to students in advanced plant physiology courses and in research.
Thomas C. Vogelmann, Syracuse University, N.Y.
MILLAR, ANDREE. Orchids of Papua New Guinea. University of Washington Press, Seattle. 1978. 101 pp., illust. $25.
Any book on the orchids of New Guinea is certainly welcome, and this book is a very pleasant surprise. Although the price might seem a little high for such a short book, the excellent color photographs justify the price. There are twelve color photographs showing collecting trips, as well as various habitats such as swamps, rain forest, and savannah. The best part of the book is the collection of approximately 143 color photographs of orchid flowers and plants. Although one could criticize one or two of the photographs for being slightly fuzzy or overexposed, almost all of them are really excellent. Several of the genera are illustrated in color for the first time anywhere, at least anywhere readily available.
The book begins with a short section on where orchids grow in Papua New Guinea. This includes a climatic chart of altitude, temperature ranges, humidity ranges, rainfall, and when the wet season occurs. Some of the notes on particular species are intriguing. Dendrobium williamsianuln, for example, grows in areas "protected by swamps, mosquitoes, leeches and crocodiles." The rainfall chart contains some interesting information, such as that the rainfall at Kikori averages 5800 mm between May and August.
A one page tabulation of the genera of orchids of Papua New Guinea is given which lists the 131 genera recorded from Papua and the number of species in each genus in Papua. The total list records 2751 species of orchids in the 131 genera, with 39 % of the species being found in only two of the genera, Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium, with 569 and 512 species respectively. Forty pages of the book are devoted to species of Dendrobium and nine pages to Bulbophyllum. Included in the Bulbophyllum photographs are some showing natural pollination of several species.
The remaining genera treated in this book are all lumped under the general heading Other Orchids. As far as I can tell, there is no rational organization of this section: the genera are arranged neither phylogenetically nor alphabetically nor by taxonomic group. Although it would have been more convenient to have arranged the genera in this section by some scheme, the fault is overcome by an index to all species.
Each species illustrated is accompanied by a short description of the habitat, the general plant aspect, and a description of the flowers in nontechnical terms.
The species identifications are followed by a five page section of cultivation notes, and although the notes are primarily for growing conditions in Papua, they will be of interest to anyone trying to grow these species. One very useful note was the suggestion of feeding one's plants with a little cold beer quarterly. A page and a half of notes on photography give some insights into the trials and tribulations of such work. The book concludes with a short glossary and an explanation of the names of some of the authors. Some of the definitions in the glossary are over simplified, and others somewhat misleading (rostellum).
In summary, this is a very worthwhile book for anyone interested in orchids. Botanists who do not work with orchids might find it useful as an introduction to some of the orchid genera of the New Guinea area.
Norris H. Williams, Florida State University
SPENCER, D. M. (ed.). The Powdery Mildews. Academic Press, NY. 1978. 565 pp.
When I first picked up this book, I thought it might be a monograph on the taxonomy and morphology of the Erysiphaceae, but it is not. Instead, it is an overview of this group of fungi as parasites and plant pathogens. There is a chapter on taxonomy of the powdery mildews by C. E. Yarwood, which is joined by chapters on the distribution, epidemiology, host-parasite interactions both from the viewpoint of genetics and of physiology, and chemical control of the group. The last eleven chapters each cover powdery mildew diseases of specific crops. There is some duplication of effort; Yarwood, for example, discusses xerophytism among these fungi, while Butt also reviews the significance of this quality in epidemiology of the diseases they cause. Different treatments of the genetics of pathogenecity and resistance are given in three chapters, with each author citing his own work in the subject most extensively. This diversified view is probably useful, however, in pointing out different currents in study of these fungi. I found the chapter by Bushnell and Gay on the exciting work done with dissected and isolated haustoria particularly useful in summarizing present information on the physiology of these structures. The editor states in his preface that he hopes the book "will be useful to students of plant pathology and to all those professional workers with an interest in plant diseases . . . and not just the powdery mildews". I believe that his hopes will be met.
Vivienne N. Armentrout, California State Polytechnic
NELSON, PAUL V. Greenhouse Operation and Management. Reston Publishing Co., Reston, Va. 1978. 518 pp., illust.
Greenhouse Operation and Management by Paul V. Nelson is an excellent collection of information indispensable to anyone seriously interested in the greenhouse industry. The author's emphasis on practical issues makes this text a source of information to aid in solving the daily problems that face every greenhouse manager. The text is very up to date in the recent technological advances of importance to the industry. Equally important is the analysis of these new developments in terms of their economic
value. Also provided is a down to earth look at the basic monetary considerations important to the successful operation of a greenhouse business. The nuts and bolts of the business are not slighted in coverage. The sections on greenhouse horticultural operations are well written, easily comprehended and detailed enough to present a good picture of the options available in daily operations. The chapters on insect and disease control are excellent. They provide a very concise and practical description of the issues involved in successful and safe pest management. I was especially impressed by the compatibility chart, it was the first time I had seen such practical information in a text. The usage of trade names enhances the value of the data presented. The procedures suggested for pest management are up to date with the most recent methods. The section on disease control is concise and to the point. The information is basic, well explained and descriptive enough to be useful. Both sections have excellent reference texts cited for use in gaining more specific information. Obviously you can write a book about each of the sixteen chapters that would provide an even better reference source. The intention of this book being what it is, I feel the author did an excellent job of presenting relevant and up to date in- formation about so many facets of the business. Practical issues, data and methods make this text a unique and valuable book.
Lynn Leclerc, University of Vermont
HALLE. F., R. A. A. OLDEMAN, and P. B. TOMLINSON. Tropical Trees and Forests: An Architectural Analysis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1978. xvii + 441 pp. 120 illust. $62.50.
This book is an expansion of the architectural analysis of tropical trees which was first published by Halle and Oldeman in 1970. The importance of tree architecture is evident by the number of papers which have treated the subject since the 1970 book. The present book is in English which is an advantage for the American audience as the earlier book was only translated into English in 1975. Since the 1970 book, tree architecture has been studied by botanists of many disciplines such as taxonomists, anatomists, morphogeneticists, physiologists and biogeographers. This new work brings together some of this more recent research. The book is illustrated with much new material, both line drawings and photographs, which show the architectural types clearly. An illustrated key to architectural types is included, and interesting short sections include details of the architecture of lianas, herbs and fossils. Reiteration of tree models is well explained and illustrated, i.e. where there is multiple expression of the growth model. I know from experience in the field that reiteration often makes the different models hard to recognize when the complete growth sequence from seedling to adult tree is not available for study. Many examples are given of each architectural type which enhances the usefulness of the book. The nomenclature of species is at times confusing in the many examples of models cited. For example, of the four species of Rosaceae cited on page 250, two are names no longer in use. On page 250 the family is called Rosaceae, elsewhere it is referred to under the correct name Chrysobalanaceae for the species cited. This book will be of great use to tropical biologists and should be studied by all who work in the field. It is a pity that the price is so high that many residents of the tropics wil1 not be able to afford it.
Ghillean T. Prance, The New York Botanical Garden
ALVIM, P. de T. and T. T. KOZLOWSKI (eds.). Ecophysiology of Tropical Crops. Academic Press. 1977. 502 pp. $29.50.
This volume is based on material from the 1975 International Symposium on Ecophysiology of Tropical Crops held in Brazil. The editors have attempted to bring together the current state of knowledge concerning the ways in which environmental and cultural factors affect growth and yield of tropical crop plants through the intermediation of physiological processes. Introductory chapters describing climatic effects on plant physiology and development and characteristics of tropical soils are followed by separate chapters on rice, sugarcane, pineapple, grasslands, root crops, sweet potato, coffee, cacao, rubber, tea, oil palm, coconut palm, citrus, banana, cashew, and mango.
While the various chapters lack a common format, most authors have reviewed substantial bodies of literature which should make the book an excellent starting point for students interested in tropical crop production. Exceptions include the chapter on coconut palm, which has no literature citations after 1968, and the chapter on mango, which is quite superficial. The author of the sugarcane chapter reviewed much of his own extensive work, but failed to tie it together with the research of others.
The goal of evaluating the effects of a variety of environmental factors on crop production has been adequately met in most chapters. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms involved in these responses were frequently overlooked or discussed in a cursory manner. The value of this book lies not so much in the presentation of new information as in the collection of difficult-to-obtain environmental and production data for a wide variety of important, tropical crops.
James K. Detling, Colorado State University


text:
Olympics 2012: 4 Things You May Have Missed From Wednesday's Games (VIDEO)
The biggest stars of Wednesday? Beach volleyball's Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh, who performed incredibly in the Gold-medal final to claim victory over Americans Jennifer Kessy and April Ross. This marks their third-consecutive Olympic gold in beach volleyball. Not bad!
Who else won Gold for the United States?
Check out our quick rundown, below!
1.) Misty May-Treanor, Kerri Walsh Win All-American Final
And London makes three: Beach volleyball superstars Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh defeated fellow-Americans Jennifer Kessy and April Ross to win their third-consecutive Gold medal. Brazil, meanwhile, took home the Bronze.
2.) Allyson Felix Wins Gold, Finally
After two disappointing Olympics, in which she finished second, American runner Allyson Felix finally took home the Gold in the 200-meter finals. She did so by beating Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce of Jamaica by .21 seconds. (Carmelita Jeter of Team USA won the Bronze.)
3.) Brittney Reese Jumps to Victory
American Brittney Reese won big — Gold, that is — in the Long Jump finals on Wednesday, with an incredible leap of 7.12 meters. The last American to win Gold in the Long Jump was Jackie Joyner-Kersee, who did so in 1988.
4.) Americans Finish Gold, Silver in 100-Meter Hurdles
Team USA continued to dominate track and field in the 100-meter hurdles finals, in which Americans Aries Merritt and Jason Richardson finished in first and second place, respectively. Merritt clocked in at 12.91 seconds, while Richardson was close behind, with a time of 13.04 seconds.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Beef Prices, Already at Record Highs, Expected to Skyrocket Even More
Throwing another steak on the barbecue is going to continue to be an expensive proposition, 1200 WOAI's Michael Board reports.
Analysts attending the annual convention of the American Farm Bureau in San Antonio say the price of steak, which is now at record highs, is going to continue to rise for the next two years.
Livestock Specialist Darrell Peel says the size of the cattle herds continue to be low due to the 2011 Texas drought, and the timetable for the rebuilding process is up to Mother Nature, not to hungry meat eaters.
"Cattle supplies are tight on the entire North American continent, so there is no other place which could serve as an easy source of cattle in the short run," Peel said.
He says the size of America's beef cattle herd has fallen by as many as three million cows since 2011. The drought, and the skyrocketing cost of cattle feed, prompted many Texas ranchers to sell off their herds, which forced prices down and made today's skyrocketing beef prices appear to consumers to be even steeper.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture says the retail cost of prime beef is up 8% over the past year, to an average of $8.50 a pound.
Peel says those prices will continue to rise, by an estimated 10% per year.
"There is really no way out of it, other than the rather slow biological process of increasing the herd," he said.
The size of the beef herd in Texas remains at its lowest level in fifty years.
Peel says no hope is in sight, at least until 2016, at which time the size of beef cattle herds will have been rebuilt.
But it could be a lot worse. In London, for example, the cost of filet mignon just hit $33 a pound.


text:
Foothall Hosts Old Rival New Mexico Highlands
Related Links
Quickly: Southern Utah University welcomes an old rival to Cedar City this weekend when the Thunderbirds play their 2012 home opener against New Mexico Highlands University at 6:00 p.m. in Eccles Coliseum.
The Thunderbirds and Cowboys met 16 times in the 1960s, '70s and 80s, largely when both were members of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference.
Southern Utah (0-2/0-0 Big Sky) is coming off a 50-31 loss at California. Although the Thunderbirds grabbed an early 3-0 lead then battled back from a 20-3 deficit to pull within 20-17, they gave up 17 quick points in the fourth quarter for a deficit they couldn't overcome.
New Mexico Highlands (2-0/1-0 RMAC) has posted a pair of impressive wins in its first two games, including a 50-0 shutout on the road in its RMAC opener last weekend at Ft. Lewis. The Cowboys rolled past Eastern New Mexico at home on opening weekend, 42-14, and have averaged over 500 yards of total offense in the two games.
The Game: New Mexico Highlands (2-0/1-0) at Southern Utah (0-2/0-0), Saturday at 6:00 p.m. (MDT), Eccles Coliseum (8,500), Cedar City, Utah.
The Series: Saturday's game will be the 17th meeting between the two schools in football. SUU holds a 10-5-1 lead in the series, which began in 1964. It became a yearly rivalry in 1975 when Highlands joined the RMAC and ran until 1985 when SUU moved from NAIA competition to the NCAA, and in 1988 the teams met one last time in a non-conference match-up. NMHU won the first four match-ups, but the Thunderbirds have won nine of the last 11, with a 3-3 tie in Las Vegas, N.M. in 1982. The last time the teams met, in 1988, SUU came away with a 55-25 win in Cedar City.
Radio: All of Southern Utah's 2012 football games will be available over the Thunderbird Sports Network. SUU flagship station KSUU (91.1 FM) will carry every game live as well as on the worldwide web at www.suu.edu/ksuu. Art Challis is entering his 38th season as the Thunderbirds' football voice. Matt Roan, a former all-conference center for the Thunderbirds, will provide color commentary.
On The Internet: Video coverage of all of Southern Utah's remaining games, both home and away, will be available on Big Sky TV, at www.bigskytv.org. Audio of SUU games is available at the Thunderbirds' website at www.suutbirds.com or at www.suu.edu/ksuu.
SUU's TV Games in 2012: SUU is scheduled to play on live television three more times this season. The Big Sky opener at Portland State (Sept. 22), the Big Sky home-opener vs. Montana State (Sept. 29) and the regular-season finale at Northern Arizona (Nov. 10) will all be televised. The PSU game will be on FOX Northwest, and the Montana State game will be televised in high definition on ROOT Sports. The Northern Arizona game will be televised live on FOX Sports Arizona Plus.
Video Highlights: Video highlights of the Thunderbirds' home and road games will be available to accredited media outlets via SUU's FTP site. For information on obtaining those highlights contact SUU Director of Athletic Media Relations Neil Gardner.
Radio: All of Southern Utah's 2012 football games will be available over the Thunderbird Sports Network. SUU flagship station KSUU (91.1 FM) will carry every game live as well as on the worldwide web at www.suu.edu/ksuu. Art Challis is entering his 38th season as the Thunderbirds' football voice. Matt Roan, a former all-conference center for the Thunderbirds, will provide color commentary.
Thunderbird Practice Schedule: The players are off on Mondays. Daily practices Tuesday through Thursday are scheduled to begin at 4:30 p.m. and end between 5:30 and 6:00 p.m.
Media Availability: Players and coaches are available for interviews on Tuesdays following practice, at approximately 6:00 p.m. SUU Head Coach Ed Lamb participates in the Big Sky teleconference each Wednesday and media representatives are encouraged to take advantage of this opportunity. His regularly scheduled time is 10:16 a.m. (Mountain). To contact a player or coach on another day or time, or to arrange telephone interviews, contact Neil Gardner at firstname.lastname@example.com or 435-586-7753.
Big Sky Teleconference: The Big Sky Conference holds a weekly coaches teleconference, beginning at 10:00 a.m. (Mountain). For information on accessing the teleconferences, contact SUU Director of Athletic Media Relations Neil Gardner. The complete schedule follows:
10:00 a.m. - Rob Ash, Montana State
10:08 a.m. - Chris Mussman, North Dakota
10:16 a.m. - Ed Lamb, Southern Utah
10:24 a.m. - Jody Sears, Weber State
10:32 a.m. - Mike Kramer, Idaho State
10:40 a.m. - Mick Delaney, Montana
10:48 a.m. - Earnest Collins, Jr., Northern Colorado
10:56 a.m. - Jerome Souers, Northern Arizona
11:04 a.m. - Nigel Burton, Portland State
11:12 a.m. - Marshall Sperbeck, Sacramento State
11:20 a.m. - Beau Baldwin, Eastern Washington
11:28 a.m. - Tim Walsh, Cal Poly
11:36 a.m. - Bob Biggs, UC Davis
Thunderbird Club Luncheons: The Thunderbird Club's weekly no-host luncheon is held Mondays at noon at the Cedar City Crystal Inn. The public is invited to attend the luncheons where Southern Utah's in-season coaches talk about their upcoming contests and review the past week's action.
SUU In Home-Openers
Southern Utah is 30-18-1 home-openers since moving to four-year status in 1963, and has won all four of its home-openers under Coach Ed Lamb. The Thunderbirds opened last season with a 35-14 win over Sacramento State to give them team four straight wins in home-openers. In 2010 the Thunderbirds rolled past San Diego, 32-3, in 2009 they posted at 36-7 win over Dixie State and in 2008 it was a 38-10 win over Adams State for Lamb's first win as a head coach. The last loss in an SUU home-opener came in 2007 when the Thunderbirds lost a 37-10 decision to North Dakota. SUU is 7-3 over its past 10 home-openers.
Next Up/Remaining Schedule:
Southern Utah hits the road for its first Big Sky contest next weekend when the Thunderbirds travel to Portland State for a Sept. 22 match-up. The team then returns home for a pair of BSC contests, against Montana State on Sept. 29 in the annual Homecoming game, and against Sacramento State on Oct. 6.
Following a road trip to Montana on Oct. 13 the 'Birds return home for their final two home games of the season. SUU hosts Weber State on Oct. 20, then Eastern Washington visits Cedar City on Oct. 27.
The regular season wraps up with road games at North Dakota (Nov. 3) and Northern Arizona (Nov. 10). Should SUU qualify for the FCS playoffs, the Thunderbirds would have a bye week between the NAU game and the FCS first round.
The Coaches
A 2010 Eddie Robinson Award nominee, SUU's Ed Lamb (BYU, 1996) has a record of 21-25 in his fifth season as the Thunderbird head coach and his fifth season as a head coach overall. Last year Lamb guided the Thunderbirds to their second straight winning season and their first win over an FBS-level opponent (UNLV) since 1997. He led the team to a Great West Conference championship in 2010 when the Thunderbirds went undefeated in GWC play and finished the season with a 6-5 overall mark. Prior to taking over at SUU, Lamb spent three seasons at the University of San Diego where he coordinated the special teams and recruiting and was the Toreros' defensive backs coach. Prior to his time at USD Lamb spent two seasons as defensive coordinator at Idaho. He also served a season at BYU as a linebackers coach and four seasons at the University of Redlands, three as defensive coordinator and one as defensive line coach. Lamb is 0-1 against the Aggies as he was the Thunderbird coach the last time the teams met, in 2009.
New Mexico Highland's Eric Young (Western Oregon), is 6-7 in his second season at NMHU and his second season overall as a head coach.
Affiliations: Southern Utah is beginning its first season in the Big Sky Conference following eight years as a member of the Great West Conference. New Mexico Highlands is a member of the NCAA Division II Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference.
Captains: This year's captains are seniors Brad Sorensen (QB) and Cody Larsen (DT).
SUU In The FCS National Ranks:
SUU has nine players ranked among the FCS top-50 in 12 statistical categories after playing two opponents from the FBS subdivision, while the team figures among the top-50 programs in five categories and among the top-30 in one.
Defense: Defensive end James Cowser is tied for 26th in interceptions with 0.5 per game and is also 44th in tackles for loss with 1.5 per game. Namari Flentroy is 25th in tackles with 10.5 per game, while Miles Killebrew and Zak Browning are tied for 34th with 10.0 tackles per game.
Offense: Quarterback Brad Sorensen ranks among the top 50 in five categories: he is 20th in completions per game with 21.5, 27th in total passing yards with 445, 30th in passing yards per game at 222.5, 45th in total offense with 213.5 ypg and ranks 49th in passing efficiency with a rating of 117.87. Wide receiver Fatu Moala ranks 37th in receiving yards per game with 76.5.
Special Teams: Brock Miller ranks 11th in punting with an average of 44.07 ypp while Colton Cook is tied for 31st in field goals per game with 1.0 and Josh Smith is 41st in the nation in kickoff return average at 22.86 yards per return.
Team: In the team categories, SUU is 28th in tackles for loss with an average of 7.0, 35th in turnover margin at plus-0.5, 37th in passing offense at 22.5 ypg, 44th in kickoff returns at 22.5 yards per return and 48th in net punting at 35.13 ypp.
2012 Preseason Accolades: SUU had four players receive pre-season honors. Senior quarterback Brad Sorensen, senior offensive guard Zach Brackus and senior defensive tackle Cody Larsen all earned preseason all-Big Sky honors as well as being recognized on a handful of preseason all-America teams. Junior offensive guard Gavin Farr also earned several preseason all-America nods. In addition, Sorensen is on the Payton Award Watch List for the second straight season, is the only FCS-level player on the Unitas Award watch list and was named the pre-season offensive player of the year by the Big Sky Coaches.
The Sports Network (1st Team All-America)
College Sports Journal (1st Team All-America)
Phil Steel's Preview (1st Team All-America)
Senior Scout Bowl (1st Team All-America)
College Sports Network (2nd Team All-America)
Beyond Sports Network (2nd Team All-America)
All-Big Sky
Big Sky Preseason Offensive Player of the Year
Unitas Award Watch List
Payton Award Watch List
College Sports Network (1st Team All-America)
Beyond Sports Network (1st Team All-America)
Sports Network (3rd Team All-America)
All-Big Sky
Sports Network (2nd Team All-America)
College Sports Network (2nd Team All-America)
Phil Steele (3rd Team All-America)
All-Big Sky
Sports Network (1st Team All-America)
College Sports Network (2nd Team All-America)
Phil Steele (3rd Team All-America)
College Football Performance Awards
Southern Utah quarterback Brad Sorensen earned mention as one of the performers of the week at quarterback for his game at Cal after he completed 31-of-45 passes for 292 yards and four touchdowns against the Bears.
SUU defensive end Jeff Tukuafu and punter Brock Miller earned recognition as impact players from CFPA following the Utah State game. Tukuafu got in on three tackles for loss, including one sack, and finished the night with seven tackles, including two solos which both went for losses. Miller punted nine times for 411 yards and pinned the Aggies inside the 20 yard line four times, he also had a career-long 72-yard boot.
Off to a good start: First-year players dominated Southern Utah's stat sheet on the defensive side of the ball at Utah State, and three of them found themselves at the top of the sheet following the Cal game as well. Six of the top-seven tacklers at USU were either starting or playing in their first games, and three of those six were 1-2-3 at Cal as well. Senior OLB Namari Flentroy (who is in his first season on the team) co-led the team at USU with 13 tackles and one fumble recovery, then was tied for second at Cal with eight tackles. True freshman Zak Browning followed up a 12-tackle effort at USU with eight tackles at Cal, including six solo stops and a half-TFL and he also forced a fumble, while Miles Killebrew led the team with 11 tackles, six solo, at Cal following a nine-tackle effort at USU. Senior OLB Rickey Clark, who is in his first season as a starter, had 13 tackles at USU and was tied for fifth on the team at Cal with four stops, along with freshman DE James Cowser (who also had an interception, a sack and two TFLs), sophomore DE Austin Anderson, sophomore cornerback Gordon Garrett and veterans Cody Larsen, Randall Nygren and Brennan Fjord. Junior safety Tommy Collet, Jr., who was a part-time starter last year, was fourth on the list at USU with 10 stops but he sat out the Cal game. Junior cornerback Tyree Mills, who is also in his first year as a starter, had five tackles at Cal and eight at USU, where he also had the team's lone pass deflection.
Run It: SUU struggled to move the ball at Utah State, particularly on the ground, but senior tailback Brian Wilson was effective at Cal, carrying 17 times for 74 yards and scoring a touchdown on a pass reception. SUU wound up with just 79 total rushing yards but if you take away 21 yards lost ion five sacks the team finished with exactly 100 on the day. Senior Myles Crawford-Harris had four carries for 28 yards.
Pass it: SUU passed the ball much more effectively at Cal than it did at Utah State, particularly in the second half. Brad Sorensen completed 31-of-45 passes, tying the eighth-highest completion total in SUU history, for 292 yards and four touchdowns. The TD passes went to Fatu Moala - who had a career-high nine receptions for 85 yards - Henna Brown, Cameron Morgan and Wilson.
Play Of The Day: Cameron Morgan's 37-yard touchdown catch at the end of the first half at Cal was judged as the play of the day by ESPN. Morgan jumped high in the air to make a one-handed grab on a ball that had been tipped by a Cal defender, then pulled it in and got his feet in bounds before falling out of the back of the end zone. The circus catch came on an untimed down following a pass interference call with no time remaining in the second period.
Pick Me Firsts: Tommy Collet, Jr. notched the first interception of his SUU career at Utah State while James Cowser picked off the first pass of his career at Cal.
Turnovers and Penalties: SUU won both the turnover and the penalty battles at Utah State, then came out even in turnovers but was less-penalized at Cal, where both teams lost an interception and a fumble. At USU the Thunderbirds recovered an Aggie fumble and tallied Collet's pick while turning it over just once, an interception in the USU end zone on a tipped ball on the final play of the game. As far as penalties went, Southern Utah was flagged four times for 35 yards while the Aggies drew 10 flags for 108 yards, including four pass interference calls. A fifth pass interference call was declined after the receiver caught the ball. At Cal the Thunderbirds drew seven flags for 56 yards while the Bears were penalized 12 times for 106 yards.
Left-footed kickers: For the second year in a row, Southern Utah's kickers are both left-footed. Both specialists are off to good starts. At Utah State Brock Miller punted nine times for 411 yards - including a 72-yarder on his first boot of the game - and pinned the Aggies inside the 20-yard line four times, then at Cal he booted six punts 250 yards, a 41.7 yard average, pinning the Bears inside the 20 twice. Cal did return one punt for a touchdown, but it was certainly no fault of Miller's, as the receiver - Cal all-American Keenan Allen - muffed the fair catch, then scooped it up and ran 69 yards around the right end for the score. Just one punt was returned more than 10 yards at USU and just two were returned at all. Kicker Colton Cook has hit both his field goal attempts, one in each game, and has averaged 61.7 yards on his kickoffs, including a 60.4 yard average in the heavy air at Cal and 65.0 at USU.
Big Crowd: The paid attendance for SUU's game at Cal was 57,745, the largest crowd ever to watch a Thunderbird football game. It bettered the 42,137 that watched SUU play San Diego State in 2009.
Thunderbird Quick Hits:
- After opening the season with back-to-back games at NCAA FBS-level institutions - undoubtedly the most difficult start in SUU football history - the FCS-level Thunderbirds play their lone Division II opponent this week in New Mexico Highlands. Following this week's game the Thunderbirds will remain in their division with eight consecutive Big Sky match-ups to close the 2012 regular season.
- SUU is in its 50th season as a four-year football-playing institution and its 27th as a member of the NCAA. The 2012 season also marks the Thunderbirds' 20th as a member of the NCAA's Football Championship Subdivision and is the school's first in the Big Sky Conference. SUU competed in the Great West Conference the past eight seasons.
- The opener at Utah State marked the eighth time in the last 10 seasons the Thunderbirds have played their first game of the season on the road, including the last three in a row. Last year SUU opened at South Dakota State, in 2010 it opened at Wyoming. The other openers at the road during the past 10 years came at Air Force (2008), at Montana (2007), at Idaho State (2005), at Weber State (2004) and in 2003 the opener was at Nevada. The two openers at home were in 2009 against Dixie State and in 2006 when the 'Birds kicked off the season against Montana Tech at Eccles Coliseum.
- The Thunderbirds have five players returning who earned first-team all-Great West Conference honors last year, including the four preseason all-Americans and linebacker Chad Hansen.
- SUU has eight returning academic all-GWC honorees, including Larsen, senior offensive linemen Russell Petersen and Dylan Fox, junior defensive lineman Brad Meyer (who had the only 4.0 GPA among football players on the list), junior cornerback Tyree Mills, junior linebacker K.C. Rawlinson, sophomore defensive lineman Kouri Jones and sophomore receiver Easton Pedersen.
- SUU plays 10 of its 11 games against NCAA Division I opponents this year, with eight against teams from the championship subdivision and two from the bowl subdivision. Utah State and California are the two FBS opponents and SUU faces a Division II opponent for the first time in two seasons when it hosts New Mexico Highlands.
- About half of the players on the roster are Utah natives, with 45 hailing from the Beehive State. California is the next-most represented state, with 24, while nine call Nevada home. Four players come from Texas, with two from Florida, Idaho and Washington, and one each from Arizona, Colorado and Tonga.
Coaching Lineup: The SUU staff returns almost intact for 2012, with Head Coach Ed Lamb entering his fifth season on the SUU sidelines. The only change in the staff this year is former passing game coordinator Paul Peterson has moved on to take the offensive coordinator duties at Sacramento State. Justin Ena, an NFL veteran and former BYU standout, will continue as defensive coordinator and will work with linebackers. Former BYU and Utah assistant Steve Clark will again handle offensive coordinator duties. Ryan Hunt, a former all-conference performer at offensive tackle for SUU, returns as defensive line coach while Demario Warren, a former UC Davis running back, returns as secondary coach and has taken some of Peterson's recruiting duties. Teag Whiting, another NFL veteran and former BYU standout, is in his third season as offensive line coach after working as a graduate assistant in 2009. Ronnie Pentz is in his fourth season with the team, his second co-coordinating special teams and his second as tight ends coach after working with the linebackers his first two seasons. Aaron Fernandez, an all-GWC defensive tackle in 2008, is the co-linebackers coach and co-recruiting coordinator, while former Thunderbird standout WR/KR Justin Wattenscheid enters his third season with the team as co-special teams coordinator and running backs coach. Fesi Sitake, a former all-conference receiver for the Thunderbirds who worked as a student assistant last year, moves into a full-time position this year, working with the team's receivers.
SUU's Eccles Coliseum is one of two football stadiums in the world sporting both the Olympic Rings and an Olympic Cauldron inside the stadium (The Los Angeles Coliseum is the other). Southern Utah's Olympic Cauldron, donated by DCI Incorporated of Utah, was lit by the Olympic Torch Feb. 5, 2002, during the Olympic Torch Relay.
Cowboy Notes:
New Mexico Highlands is playing its only game outside of NCAA Division II competition as well as one of just two non-conference games this season when the Cowboys meet the Thunderbirds. The Cowboys' season-opener at home against Eastern New Mexico was their only other non-RMAC tilt in 2012.
In their first two games the Cowboys have dominated on both sides of the ball, piling up a devilish 666 yards of offense last week in a 50-0 rout of Fort Lewis after a 345-yard effort in a 42-14 win over Eastern New Mexico. Defensively the Cowboys held FLC to 166 yards, and they limited ENMU to 248 yards.
The Cowboys have gone with a pair of quarterbacks in the two games. Junior Taylor Genuser (6-3, 210) started and went the distance vs. Eastern New Mexico, while junior Emmanuel Lewis (6-3, 190) was behind center last week at Ft. Lewis. Genuser completed 24-of-37 passes for 287 yards and four touchdowns with two interceptions, while Lewis completed 26-of-46 passes for 346 yards and four TDs and also was picked off twice. Lewis poses much more of a threat on the ground, however, as he carried 14 times for 108 yards and a touchdown last week to lead the team on the ground as well as through the air. Genuser carried six times for minus-11 yards, including four sacks.
WR Keondrick Reynolds (5-11, 185, Sr) leads the team in receptions with 12 (for 81 yards), but WR Kevon Williams (6-0, 170, Sr,) has 10 receptions for a team-high 153 yards and two TDs. WR John Webster (6-0, 195, Sr) has eight catches for 138 yards and a score while De'joshua Johnson (Jr, 5-10, 160) has caught six passes for 51 yards and two TDs.
On the ground the Cowboys have used a variety of backs. Lavelle Peterson (5-9, 225, Jr) carried 20 times for 101 yards and a TD against Ft. Lewis and is the team's overall rushing leader, while Eric Pesante (5-9, 195, Sr) has 18 carries for 80 yards.
Defensively, linebacker Jordan Campbell (6-0, 230, Sr) leads the team with 17 tackles and six tackles for loss and is the co-leader with two sacks. DT Devin Howard (6-3, 260, Sr) and CB Abdul Kanneh (6-0, 170, Sr) are second on the team with 13 tackles and each have 1.5 TFLs. Kanneh also has one of the team's two sacks.


text: Otto Walker rode 200 miles in 2 hours, 32 minutes, and 58 seconds for an average speed of 78.4 miles per hour, breaking the previous record. On the same day, he broke his own record for the 300-mile race with the fastest time of 3 hours, 5 minutes, and 45 seconds with an average speed of at 76.27 miles per hour. July 3 was quite a day for Otto Walker. Not only did he win two races with record-breaking times, it was also his 25th birthday. Harley-Davidson did well for itself, too. Its riders won 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th places in the 300-mile race.


text:
Edmund McIlhenny bobble head to be given away Saturday
By Eli Pearlstein / Hagerstown Suns | August 5, 2014 12:20 PM ET
HAGERSTOWN MD - The Hagerstown Suns and the Hagerstown/ Washington County Convention and Visitors Bureau (CVB) announced today that the bobble head that will be given away at the Suns game on Saturday, August 9 will portray Edmund McIlhenny, who was an American businessman and manufacturer who was born in Hagerstown in 1815 and is most well known for inventing Tabasco Sauce. The McIlhenny bobble head is presented by the CVB and will be given to the first 1,000 fans through the gates of Municipal Stadium on Saturday.
McIlhenny first experimented with making a sauce from Tabasco peppers between 1866 and 1868. He sold his first bottles of Tabasco brand pepper sauce in 1869, and the following year he obtained patent letters for his invention. McIlhenny, who also served as a civilian employee of the Confederate army during the Civil War, passed away in 1890. Following his death his children built upon the Tabasco sauce business he had started, and today each carton of Tabasco sauce bears a facsimile of McIlhenny's signature.
The Hagerstown/ Washington County CVB is a non-profit private organization whose mission is to develop and market Washington County as a viable and desirable travel destination to meeting planners, leisure travelers, and business customers. The Board of Directors consists of 15 individuals representing not only the tourism industry, but also a wide scope of businesses from throughout the county. Its offices are located at 16 Public Square in downtown Hagerstown, and they also operate the Visitor Welcome Center at 6 North Potomac Street in downtown Hagerstown.
The CVB is in its ninth year as a proud supporter of the Hagerstown Suns and as a sponsor for the bobble head giveaway. For more information on the CVB you can visit their website at www.marylandmemories.org. For more information on all of the Suns promotions and giveaways throughout the 2014 season and to reserve your seats at Municipal Stadium, call 301-791-6266, or go to www.hagerstownsuns.com.
This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.View More


text:
Auction Education
Nashville Auction School has been training auctioneers from across the United States, Canada and Europe since 1964 with innovative classes, state-of-the-art technologies, and the most qualified instructors in the industry.
Online Education
Nashville Auction School pioneered online continuing education for auctioneers in 2002 and we have continued to be the leaders in online distance learning for auctioneers.
Easy Enrollment
Enrollment is quick and easy.
Enroll Today in 2017 Classes
2017 Classes are available. Sign up today!