text:
Arthritis & Rheumatism, Volume 62,
November 2010 Abstract Supplement
Abstracts of the American College of
Rheumatology/Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals
Annual Scientific Meeting
Atlanta, Georgia November 6-11, 2010.
BAFF Binding Receptors (BBR) Related To Relapse after Rituximab in Patients with Reumatoid Arthritis (RA).
Torre1, Inmaculada De la, Valor1, Lara, Moura2, Rita, Leandro3, Maria J., Edwards3, Jonathan C. W., Cambridge3, Geraldine
Hospital Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
Instituto de Biologia Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
University College London, London, UK
Coordinated expression of BBR (BAFF-R, TACI, BCMA) control differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells. We have previously shown that i) BAFF levels increase after B cell depletion with rituximab (rtx) in patients with RA, remaining raised even after B cell return ii) BAFF-R expression in naïve (NB) and memory B (MB) cells is reduced after rtx and related to clinical relapse independently of circulating BAFF levels or time to relapse after B cell return. iii) Class-switch recombination (CSR) and autoantibody production is also related to clinical relapse after rtx. When B cells differentiate into Ig secreting cells, BAFF-R is lost and BCMA up-regulated. TACI is induced upon B cell activation. Although it can be expressed on activated NB cells (<25%) it is related to CSR and memory-plasma cell differentiation.
To investigate BBR expression in relation to B cell maturation and clinical relapse in RA patients after rtx.
Phenotypic analysis of BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA expression on PBMC were performed using combinations of CD19, CD27, CD38 and IgD (% and mean fluorescence intensity-MFI) in normal controls (NC) (n: 5) and patients pre (n: 10) and after rtx, classified as concordant ie relapsing at B cell repopulation (C-R, n: 16), or discordant relapsing > 3 months after repopulation (D-R, n: 10) or non-relapsing after B cell return (D-NR, n: 11).
Mean % of NB cell BAFF-R+ was significantly lower only in patients relapsing (C-R: 65.3%, D-R: 89.7%) when compared to NC (p=0.027,p=0.026). Percentage and MFI of MB cell BAFFR+ was significantly lower in all patients when compared to both NC and pre-rtx (%: p<0.05, MFI: p<0.005). In patients relapsing, % NB cell TACI+ tended to be higher in C-R than D-R (23.4% vs 9.9%). All patients pre and after rtx had significantly lower % of MB cell TACI+ when compared to NC (p<0.05). However % of MB cell TACI+ was significantly higher in D-NR when compared to D-R (p=0.001).
BAFF-R and BCMA did not always had an inverse correlation in plasma cells population after rtx. Finally, C-R patients had higher % of plasma cells than D-R and D-NR (16.5 vs 2.06 and 1.85; p=0.03 and p=0.06).
Rises in autoantibody levels have been related to clinical relapse after rtx. Modulation of BBR expression permissive to plasma cell formation in C-R patients with an earlier down regulation of BAFF-R and up regulation of TACI on (presumably activated autoreactive) NB cells may explain clinical relapse closer to B cell return. Normal BAFF-R expression on NB cells from D-NR patients may reduce the chance of becoming Ig-producing cells, allowing a normal maturation process within germinal center reactions. The consequences of disturbed BBR expression on B cell selection and the advancement or inhibition of progression to autoantibody production may explain timing of relapse after rtx.
To cite this abstract, please use the following information:
Torre, Inmaculada De la, Valor, Lara, Moura, Rita, Leandro, Maria J., Edwards, Jonathan C. W., Cambridge, Geraldine; BAFF Binding Receptors (BBR) Related To Relapse after Rituximab in Patients with Reumatoid Arthritis (RA). [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62 Suppl 10 :739
DOI: 10.1002/art.28507


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(The following message was taken from THE COURIER, the official messenger of the Anthony Wayne Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America.)
Our children are being raised in an increasingly sedentary society where physical activity is not the norm. There is little time built in or hectic family schedules for exercise or even walking in the neighborhood as families. Youth who once roamed free in the outdoors playing ball, running through fields, fishing in creeks, and using their imaginations to create adventures now spend time watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Internet. In addition, their eating habits include unhealthy levels of fast food, and drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol are easily accessible.
Since 1910, the Boy Scouts of America has prided itself on teaching a healthy respect for both the mind and body. Scouting has taught more than 110 MILLION alumni and members the core tenets of a healthy lifestyle, balanced diet, and physical outdoor activity. Scouts start planning meals as early as their Cub Scout years and participate in outdoor physical conditioning during their teen years. Scouting youth engage in fun, physical, outdoor activities, including swimming, hiking, canoeing, kayaking, skiing, and cycling, and learn important skills like CPR and first aid so they can be prepared for any emergency.
Research shows that physical fitness can increase self-esteem in youth and adults and decrease health-related problems later in life. Scouting understands the importance of educating youth about what health choices NOT to make by taking issues like youth drug use seriously.
In 1987, the Boy Scouts of America developed "DRUGS: A DEADLY GAME" to deal with this pressing issue. This is an award-winning drug education program that facilitates youth discussions about the dangers of drug use and helps Scouting youth understand the harm drugs can do to the body and mind. We are products of our society, and our youth represent the very best our country has to offer. Let's help them understand the critical role their minds and bodies will play during their entire lives. If their minds and bodies are maintained well today, they will reward them throughout their lives.
Chris Mathes, Scout Executive.
THE BSA PHYSICAL FITNESS AWARD (publication #19-327)
(The Seven Major Components Of Fitness)
The BSA Physical Fitness Award's core requirements are the following major components. They are used to measure an individual's improvement over time, not to establish an arbitrary minimum level of activity.
1-POSTURE – Posture is elevated with a posture-rating chart. The Scout or Scouter is compared to a photo of his or her starting posture, noting 13 different body segments. Each body segment is scored as five, three, or one, making a possible range of scores from 13 to 65. Higher scores over time reflect improving posture.
2-ACCURACY – The target throw is used to measure accuracy. The Scout or Scouter makes 20 throws with a softball at a circular target and is scored on the number of times the target is hit.
3-STRENGTH – The sit-up is used to measure strength. The Scout or Scouter lies on his or her back with knees bent and feet on the floor. The arms are crossed on the chest with the hands on the opposite shoulders. The feet are held by a partner to keep them on the floor. Curl to the position until the elbows touch the thighs. Arms must remain on the chest and the chin tucked in the chest. Return to the starting position, shoulder blades touching the floor. The score is the number of sit-ups that may be made in a given time.
4-AGILITY – The side step is used to measure agility. Starting from a center line, the Scout or Scouter side steps alternately left and right between two lines 8 feet apart. He or she is scored on the number of lines crossed in 10 seconds.
5-SPEED – The dash is used to measure speed. The score is the amount of time to nearest half-second running a set distance that can be increased each year.
6-BALANCE – The squat stand is used to measure balance. The Scout or Scouter squats with hands on the floor and elbows against the inner knee. He or she leans forward until the feet are raised off the floor. The score is the number of seconds held in that position.
7-ENDURANCE – The squat thrust is used to measure endurance. The Scout or Scouter starts from the standing position. He or she performs the usual four-position exercise. The score is the number of completed squat thrusts made in a given time.
Some of these tests measure more than the components that they represent. For example, the sit-ups, a measure of strength, also reflect some endurance because of their repetition. The squat stand requires balance, its major component, but also requires strength and endurance to support the weight of the body on the arms.
NEWS FROM TROOP 38 – (sponsored by Calvary United Methodist Church)
Troop 38 welcomed four new Scouts last month! On Tuesday, February 26, 2002, 4 Webelos Scouts from Cub Pack 3038 crossed over to Boy Scouts and joined Troop 38. The are Corey Brandenberg, Jo Hill, Zach Royce, and Brian Van Horn. There were welcomed into the Troop by Tenderfoot Scouts Andy Balazs, Tyler Meister, Assistant Scoutmaster Jason Fox, and Assistant Scoutmaster Jerry Lloyd. The cross-over ceremony was read by Troop 38's Scoutmaster Jim Fox and the new Scouts and their parents were welcomed into the troop.
(Troop 38 meets at the church (6301 Winchester Road) 7pm on any Monday night that Fort Wayne Community Schools are in session and on every Monday night throughout the summer.)
"A little about what we call 'SCOUT SPIRIT'." Everyone has fun going to the Lock-Ins at the YMCA, going camping at various parks and sites, going on long trips (South Dakota), and tobogganing at Pokegon State Park. All these things are a part of Scouting. Another, and most important part of Scouting is the giving, the community service, and the troop service projects that come up to benefit someone other than ourselves and those in Scouting. These projects are essential to the troop and to you as true Boy Scouts. When the next project comes up, don't say, "Well I'm not doing that," instead, JUMP IN and show your Scout Spirit; be the first to say, "I want to help." The bottom line, and one that I don't want to use, is, 'SCOUT SPIRIT' (sincerely giving willingly of your time and talent with a good attitude) is needed for advancements in rank. Develop a natural Scout Spirit – think of others first. It will make you feel good and eventually it will become a habit."
Note: Attention all Cub Scout units! Bring us the results of your Pinewood Derby races. Let us know the Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How of your derby. Who your sponsor is, What your pack number is, Who your winners are, How many are in your pack and how many entered, When your derby was held, and where. What are the names of your leaders? Bring pictures if you have them.
Boy Scout Troop 44 is in need of a 'gear' trailer. Do you have an old pop-up camping trailer or other suitable trailer that you don't want? Want to donate it to Portage Creek Camp Association, sponsors of Boy Scout Troop 44? The troop needs a trailer to haul camping gear and would prefer something that can be closed and locked. Donations should be tax deductible. Call Jack Shepard at 436-2422 or Ray McCune at 747-6512 or 747-4535.
Something new or at least new to this writer – the Girl Scouts are now bringing cookies to your door – no more waiting for your order to be processed. That's what I like; cookies on demand, no waiting. I must admit I'm a cookie junkie and have to date, bought more than my share of boxes. I like them all but prefer any cookie with peanut butter in or on it. I predict that the Girl Scouts will sell more cookies using this new method. Please Troop leaders, give me information on your troop and where you can be contacted if I get a cookie craving and run out, I will publish names and phone numbers right here in SCOUTING SMOKE SIGNALS. This column is for ALL Scouting information.
This workshop will be held at the Lincoln Museum, 200 East Berry Street, Wednesday, April 3, 2002 from 9:30am to 2:30pm. Scouts attending this workshop will complete a significant portion of the American Heritage merit badge requirements. Bring a sack lunch. Scouts will not be allowed to leave the building during lunch break. Scouts attending this workshop must be accompanied by an adult. Parents or scout leaders may be responsible for 1 scout or their entire troop. Cost is $8 per Scout (includes museum admission, materials, instruction, and the American Heritage merit badge book. Registration deadline is Wednesday, March 27, 2002. Register at the Anthony Wayne Area Boy Scout Council Headquarters, 8315 W. Jefferson Blvd.
The Waynedale News Staff
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Av Hazard publicizes safety and operational concerns to help prevent accidents but it works only if we hear from you. Use the postage-free Av Hazard card to describe the hazard and return it to Pro Pilot. To obtain an official FAA review send NASA an ASRS form. For immediate action, call the airport, FBO, ATC, FSDO or the 24-hr FAA Safety Hotline at 800-255-1111. Note: Telephone numbers for all US Towers and ARTCCs are published in Ac-U-Kwik and Pilots Express Airport/Heliport/FBO directories. To report safety concerns outside the US, contact ICAO HQ at 514-954-8219 or via fax at 514-954-6077. ICAO has worldwide telephone and fax numbers to expedite Av Hazard reports to civil aviation authorities.
Weak ATIS frequencies
Flying into both BOS (Logan, Boston MA) and MDW (Midway, Chicago IL), the arrival ATIS frequencies are so weak that other far away stations on the same frequency step on them, making it very difficult to obtain the weather until within approximately 100 nm of the airport. This does not give the crew enough time to plan safely and brief the approach, as we're in the very busy terminal area by the time the weather conditions are received clearly.
__ ATP, Boeing 717
- Some radio stations are not as powerful as they could be. Newer technology should help, with digital ATIS systems coming online which will transmit weather information more clearly and which, for some aircraft, will do so digitally directly to the cockpit so the pilot does not have to listen, allowing plenty of time for arrival preparation. Glass cockpit designs like the Garmin G1000 continue to evolve and are finding their way into many newer aircraft, including small GA types. Newer software versions have the option to receive up to the minute Metars and TAFs just by placing a cursor over an airport symbol on the moving map. This service is available by XM Radio subscription and is a wealth of information at your fingertips that was not available just 5 years ago.
Chatter on 121.5
(Taken from an ARSA report)
While working the radar position . . . I heard aircraft X call aircraft Y over the 121.5 emergency frequency. This is not uncommon, but [it's] annoying because it comes out the same loudspeaker as the landline calls and is fairly loud. There was no response to aircraft X's call. Aircraft Y finally answered after aircraft X had called aircraft Y for the 3rd or 4th time.
At this point, aircraft X said, "We're going to be arriving just a few minutes behind you, so would you hold the van for us so we can get to the hotel?" I keyed up and said, "This doesn't sound like an emergency." Both pilots then responded with comments like "Where's the Guard Police when you need them?" and "Must not be a very busy night." The aircraft were at FL 350 and transmitting for hundreds of miles from that altitude. Since this frequency is monitored at [most] ATC facilities, I suspect that their conversation came over the loudspeakers in at least 3 centers, probably a dozen approach controls, dozens of towers, multiple RCOs at AFSS, plus hundreds of commercial and military aircraft cockpits.
I suspect that someone at one of these locations was busy and was probably distracted, at least momentarily, from their primary safety function. I also suspect that the airline has some other method for interaircraft communications. It is events like this that make controllers, and probably pilots, instinctively turn down a speaker that is making noise in the background. A subsequent actual emergency call could go unheard because these pilots chose the inappropriate means to communicate.
- The emergency frequencies are exactly that—pilots should not be using the emergency frequency for idle chitchat or ground transportation arrangements. Almost every pilot has probably tuned the radio away from 121.5 at one point in their career because of a conversation like the one mentioned above. As the controller points out, the next pilot truly needing emergency assistance may be unheard or delayed because of a turned-off radio. Integrity is always doing the right thing even when no one is looking—or listening.
Access to bird strike data
FAA announced on Apr 24 that the public can now go online to search for bird strike information. Data collected since 1990 is now available through an online search engine. Some personal information, such as telephone numbers, is not available, but the remaining fields are. The agency encourages all pilots experiencing bird strikes to report them. Bird strike reports can be filed at wildlife-mitigation.tc.faa. gov/public_html/index.html#access.


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Banner Family
Source: Book - 'The Heritage of Surry County, NC'
Source Information:
Volume 1 - Published 1983 by the Surry County
Genealogical Association, Dobson, North Carolina;
Hester Bartlett Jackson, Editor
Books may be ordered from
The Heritage of Surry County, NC
Post Office Box 707
Dobson, North Carolina 27107
Two brothers, John and Elisha Banner, moved their families from Germanton, North Carolina into the Mount Airy area of Surry County in 1859. Their family had lived in what had been Surry County, later Stokes County, for three generations before them. Each of their forefathers had been planters and businessmen.
They held large tracts of land and provided work for a large number of people. Additionally, each of them, in turn, had taken an active part in the life of their community and of their state.
Charles Banner, father of John and Elisha, was a representative to the General Assembly. Charles' father, Joseph (designated as "Senior" to distinguish him from a son whose line we are not following) was a private in the Revolutionary War.
Some years later, Joseph, Sr., was serving as a juror in the Surry County court when Andrew Jackson applied for and was granted a license to practice law.
The father of Joseph was Henry Banner, who came to America from England in 1740 (Although it has not been established at fact, it is assumed from certain indications, that the Banners moved to England from their farmlands near the Rhine and Elbe Rivers in Germany during the Wars of Succession.)
Henry lived in Pannsylvania for a few years after coming to this country. He married there; he then moved his wife and their first child to the area near Germanton, North Carolina where the family became established.
John and Elisha Banner were both active members of the community making contributions of their time, energy and property. Of John Banner, one of his descendants, Alma Banner Bivens, has written:
John Banner, Sr. was born 21 March 1801 near old Germanton in the county of Stokes. He received a good education at the Germanton Academy. After leaving school he entered the mercantile business, adding to this farming. In both these vocations he was remarkably successful. On 22 December 1825 he married Virginia, daughter of William and Mary (Polly) Martin Moore of Stokes County.
Soon after, he was appointed deputy sheriff of the county. Before completing his term as deputy sheriff, he superior business qualifications and honesty had gained for him such popularity that he was elected to the General Assembly in 1829 and served his people so faithfully and well that he was returned to the next session by an increasing majority. This political experience satisified his political ambitions, and he could never be induced to enter the arena again.
In 1859 he moved to Surry County, bought a farm on the Ararat River near Mount Airy and here spent the remainder of his life. He was known as the largest land and slave owner in the county. He was a gentleman born; a leader in the community; the first Worshipful Master of the Masonic Lodge in Mount Airy; and a faithful member of the Presbyterian Church. He adhered to this faith with tenacity until his death. For many years he was a ruling elder in the church at Mount Airy. At his home of the Banner Plantation, now know as "Bannertown," on the morning of 29 August 1888, after three years of invalidism from a stroke, John Banner, Sr. "rested from his labors."
John and Virginia Moore Banner had twelve children. In order of their birth, they were:
Mary Letitia, who married Dr. Joseph Hollingsworth;
William Martin, who married Catherine Whitlock;
Dr. Constantine (Conse), who married Charity Prather, then after her death, Marietta Tatum;
Matthew Redd, a dentist, whose descendants are now living in Greensboro and are in the Banner-Trulove wholesale grocery business;
John Elisha, who married Louisa Ellen Prather;
Sarah, who married Dr. Ed Hollingsworth;
Ann, who married Jesse Moore;
Wilcher C., who married Cordelia (Delia) Hines;
Margaret Eliza, who married William Foy; and
Robert Henry (Bob) who married Eliza Mitchell and moved to Texas.
Now to go back into the nineteenth century to recount the story of Elisha Banner and his family. The following description is from the writings of Alma B. Bivins:
Elisha Banner, brother of John Banner, Sr., was born in 1811, married Mary Eliza Moore (sister of Mrs. John Banner, Sr.). After she died, he married Mrs. Susan Bitting, a widow. He built a large frame house on South Main Street in what was the main part of the village of Mount Airy. It was his home, also used as a tavern where travelers from the stagecoach stopped overnight on the way to Wytheville. Virginia. The house, later to be known as the Webster house, was torn down in 1963.
The land on which the old Methodist Church was built and the land adjacent to it, was given by him. The church was built of wide boards, with a belfry and a recessed porch with an enclosed stairway on each side leading up to the gallery where slaves sat. It stood away back from the street with an avenue of trees leading to it. There were esplanades with hitching posts for the horses.
----Virginia Smith Crowell
This page was last updated October 27, 2010.
© 1997-2010 by the Surry County


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Corporate Directory is a highly customized software. Each organization may choose and lock down or allow users to edit any of the following Settings:
Which columns are displayed in the main window and in which order
Will people without a phone and mobile be filtered out in the search result display?
Choose a custom folder on the network to store employee photos
Are users allowed to update their own contact information back to Active Directory?
Are the users allowed to launch the setting window?


text:
- Bronx Banter - http://www.bronxbanterblog.com -
Take Two
Posted By Alex Belth On June 20, 2007 @ 5:08 pm In Bronx Banter | Comments Disabled
The Yanks look to bounce back in Colorado tonight. They'll need to be on point against the Rockies best pitcher, especially seeing as how the Red Sox are beating up on the Braves in Atlanta. As we wait for the first pitch, check out our man Cliff talking about the state of the team [1] in a podcast interview by Joe Aiello, which also features Padres news from Geoff Young, one of the best, and probably the longest-running baseball blogger on the net.
Then kicked back, relax and get ready to root like hell for our boys.
Let's Go Yan-Kees.
Article printed from Bronx Banter: http://www.bronxbanterblog.com
URL to article: http://www.bronxbanterblog.com/2007/06/20/take-two/
URLs in this post:
[1] Cliff talking about the state of the team: http://mvn.com/thepitch/2007/06/20/michael-barrett-heads-west-and-yankee-talk-with-bronx-banter/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2011 Bronx Banter. All rights reserved.


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Radio Programs Main
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June 28, 2008
This Week's Guests:
Dr. Willie Smits
Shi de Chao
Trevor Frost
Green Guide—Trash
Mark Thiessen
Joe Sehee
Elizabeth Royte
• Dr. Willie Smits introduces us to some very creative and intelligent orangutans that are being threatened with extinction. The Dutch born, tropical rain forest ecologist works in the depths of a Borneo rain forest with these smart, orange apes. Smits shares with Boyd stories of how they fish, make tools and even wear makeup. Smits documents this behavior in the book,
Thinkers of the Jungle: The Orangutan Report
Listen to this segment:
Part 1
Part 2
• Zen master and 31st generation Shaolin monk Shi De Chao and photographer Justin Guariglia join Boyd in the studio. Guariglia befriended the monks at the famous Shaolin Temple in China, the birthplace of kung fu. After a number of years he was granted access to photograph the monks and their art.
Listen to this segment
• National Geographic Grantee, Trevor Frost is about to embark on a trip into the Earth, literally! On the West African Coast, Frost will follow local hunters into the rain forest of Gabon, braving crocodiles and disease ridden bats, to explore and document the labyrinths and cultural significance of the intricate cave systems there.
Listen to this segment
• Seth Bauer, Editorial Director of the
Green Guide
takes out the trash. Boyd and Bauer discuss the pros and cons of biodegradable trash bags.
Listen to this segment
• The West is burning! National Geographic photographer Mark Thiessen jumps directly into the flames to capture amazing images for this month's
National Geographic
magazine. He tells Boyd how his photos are helping understand how to better fight wildfires.
Listen to this segment:
Part 1
Part 2
• Joe Sehee, Founder and Executive Director of the Green Burial Council, believes that even our last moments on Earth could be more green! Boyd speaks with Sehee about the negative effects of common burials as well as the growing trend of green alternatives.
Listen to this segment
• What happened to the days when water was free? Now people buy water every day, some are even willing to pay $40.00 for a bottle of water? In her new book
Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It
, Elizabeth Royte looks into this question. Royte talks with Boyd about the pros and cons of buying water.
Listen to this segment
• Have you heard the story about the scuba diver who was found in a forest fire? Boyd will tell you how it's believed he got there.
Listen to this segment


text:
Raisin Squares Italian Bakery Style
Recipe by Dinglebop
This recipe comes from a local Italian bakery shop. They are made with raisin filling or canned apple pie filling also. Give them a try.
Top Review by Sydney Mike
Although I'm a dedicated raisin fan, I don't know how close what I made with this recipe comes to the original raisin squares, but I can tell you this ~ These dessert squares are VERY TASTY! I did use vegetable shortening instead of lard, but other than that, the recipe was followed! Definitely a keeper & worth making again & again! [Tagged, made & reviewed in Zaar Chef Alphabet Soup cooking game]
See Discussion:2 Reviews
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 cup lard, room temperature
- 3 1⁄2 cups all-purpose flour
- 1⁄2 cup granulated sugar
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 3 teaspoons baking powder
- 1 large whole egg
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- milk
- flour, for rolling dough
- 3 cups boiling water
- 3 1⁄2 cups raisins, washed
- 1 cup granulated sugar
- 4 tablespoons flour
- 1⁄2 teaspoon salt
- 1⁄4 cup fresh lemon juice
Directions See How It's Made
- Wash raisins.
- Add to the boiling water on low heat in saucepot.
- Add remaining filling ingredients, salt, sugar, flour, juice, and cook just until thick.
- Remove from heat and let cool well.
- Crust:.
- Mix egg with vanilla and add enough cream or whole milk to make one cup of liquid.
- Combine remaining ingredients flour, sugar, salt, and lard and lifting to air and rub to make a coarse pea size crumb.
- Add in liquid and just combine to make a ball of pastry.
- Divide pastry into two .
- Dust a board with the flour for rolling and roll one section to fit a 17 x 14 sided ungreased cookie sheet.
- Spread on cooled raisin filling, or canned apple filling.
- Roll second half of dough, and place nicely on the top, sealing edges.
- Prick all over top with a fork and brush with more cream.
- Sprinkle with granulated fine or coarse sugar over evenly.
- Bake 350° for 25 minutes until golden.


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Madonna Gets Lost in Translation in Hungarian Interview
Madonna may be sassy with press when it comes to questions about Lady Gaga, but the Material Girl has a sense of humor. On the 'Graham Norton Show,' the BBC series host asked Madonna if she's talking to journalists around the world promoting her new film, 'W.E.' — a question that, once asked, is a bit moot. "Yes, we're talking to journalists around the world," Madge said. "You being one of them. That's just a weird question, because it's obvious that we're doing that," she laughed.
Turns out, Norton's question wasn't weird — it was strategic. Right after the query, Norton played a clip of a vintage Madonna interview in Hungarian.
Norton presented the 1997 clip from Madonna's 'Evita' press tour. Madonna conducted the interview in English, which was then translated into Hungarian — and then back into English, which is where things get interesting. Norton took the translation and had Madonna's fellow guests, James Darcy and Andrea Riseborough, role play the interview.
While some of the translation is a little too risque to print, the entire thing is hilarious. When Darcy opens with, "Are you in good odor?" Riseborough — as Madge — replies, in perfect deadpan tone, "Thank you for saying these compliments. Please stop taking sensationalist photographs until I've removed my garments for all to see."
At this point, even the actual Madonna, known for pushing the envelope, is shocked — but laughing appreciatively. When Darcy then asks Riseborough (again, as Madonna) is she is a "bald hussy woman who feasts on men who are toys," her response is uproarious: "Yes, yes, this is certainly something that brings to the surface my longings." It gets better still when Darcy asks about Madge's literary work: "What was your book 'Slut' about?" Madonna's insulted, amused expressions are almost as priceless as the dialogue itself.
Watch Madonna on 'The Graham Norton Show'


text: Home > How To > Insulation > Q&A: Finishing a Basement Wall Insulation Q&A: Finishing a Basement Wall Drywood Termites By Bill Rose Login or Register to download the PDF version of this article. (122.86 kB) A.Bill Rose, architect and building researcher at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, responds: Ideally, insulation should be installed on the exterior of your basement wall, but it is probably too late for that. If the soil at your site is very well drained and dry, then it is a fair thermal insulator, and (energy codes aside) you might consider omitting the drywall, and simply painting the interior walls with epoxy paint.Assuming the client insists on interior insulation, there is no clear answer on the question of where to put a vapor barrier. Condensation usually occurs when moist air encounters a cold surface. You could argue for a vapor barrier on the inside of the insulation (assuming the foundation wall is cold), or on the foundation side of the insulation... Login or Register to continue reading


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Are you a Columbia College sophomore or a junior searching for an
internship experience in the summer of 2012? If you are, come learn
more about the Columbia College Alumni-Sponsored Student Internship
Program. This program will provide unique internship opportunities to
Columbia College students across several industries.
Casual Attire
Registration suggested in advance, but not required
Resume Required: no
Eligibility: This event is open to all currently enrolled
sophomore and junior students at Columbia College. Please check with the
program manager at the information session to verify that you are
qualified to apply.
Register for this Event


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Do you think you should be required to drive someone just because...
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Tuesday, July 3, 2012 at 01:59PM
Back in the day I lived 92 miles from where I worked and I commuted. One day my mother came home and told me that there's a guy that she knows who just got a job in Boston and he was looking for an apartment there but in the meantime she told him that since I worked in Boston already he could ride with me everyday.
I didn't want to, but with my mom if I'd say no I was the ibtch. So I drove him for one week. The very first day he asked if I was a model and it made me really uncomfortable. I told my mom after the week that he couldn't ride with me anymore. She actually wanted ME to tell him but I refused.
After that that's when I started thinking: if I offer, fine. If someone else offers for me, no way.
Obamacare is not a blueprint for socialism. You're thinking of the New Testament. ~~ John Fugelsang


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We saw a Midnight Sprite! by thePicSeesWatch
©2012-2017 thePicSees
You are so lucky to see this art picture cause its a picture of a real midnight sprite! They are very very difficult to find, almost impossible...but we did! We could not even talk to them or make friends yet cause when they see us they just disappear, they are very shy! They are also very magical, every night thousands of them come out and then, while making a very quite sound, they slowly move their hands around and make little drops of water from nothing but the midnight air and carefully put them on all the little plants that lives outside so they dont get thirsty in the middle of the night...and dont worry, they also put a few extra drops for the bugs ~
you must come visit us on the facebook also, our page is just here: www.facebook.com/thepicsees [link]
you must come visit us on the facebook also, our page is just here: www.facebook.com/thepicsees [link]
I'd often wondered where dewdrops came from - now I know.
This is so amazing! Lovely work ^-^
A beautiful piece! The water droplets look great too
All PicSees are favourites and somehow I missed out...must have been using a borrowed brain that day.
i like the story going with this
Ah, it's really interesting. Great work.
NO WAY this brew my mind!
Wonderful style.
this sprite has beautiful eyes! is adorable!
i saw one in my garden last night, his name is Pipo, and he's adorable too. some of them aren't so shy as they seem to be.
i saw one in my garden last night, his name is Pipo, and he's adorable too. some of them aren't so shy as they seem to be.
Sweet thing! Playing with ectoplasm, I guess
So cute!
Oh yeah excellent
wow, thank you kindly ~
curious sprite I figured them out more like humans, this one is like an alien
Well, it's all in the mind.
Well, it's all in the mind.
HA! Great work my faerie friends! Great work! )
so sweet isn't it nice for the little midnight sprites to water the plants
yep yep, its so nice that they look after all the little plants, sometimes to say thanks we leave some sweeties for them.
ok, that's really cute somehow. mmm maybe the eyes... yeah those eyes make it cute, i think
also i love the shadowing
also i love the shadowing
thank you so much, we also like their eyes but our favorite is the curly on their heads ~
what a cutie!
awwee thats a cute creature i like it(:
*clap clap clap* tRoLlS liKeS ThaT GuY sOoO MucH!
What an interesting little creature!


text:
An Italian Family Feast
Cooking with Isabella & Sara
20.07.2015 - 22.07.2015
View Travel Tales of Two Little Suitcases on beachbuddies's travel map.
What better way to cap off another incredible visit to Italy but with a cooking class. A cooking class with a real Italian mama of four and her daughter. Isabella and Sara, who manage the apartments that we stayed in the past few days, opened their hearts and their home to their visitors.
Wearing our orange aprons, we prepared an Italian feast. I learned how to properly prepare an eggplant using salt to drain out the bitter taste. Isabella shared a few more ideas for eggplant which I plan to try when I get home.
When I was told we were making fish, I was not prepared for the cuttlefish! What is a cuttlefish? A squid with tentacles and all but we needed to chop it up. Well I can't eat that I thought in my head. It ended up tasting all right and it was an experience just learning to prepare it.
Sitting down to a three hour meal with an Italian family was as much about the experience as the cooking. Francesco, the papa of the family, came home at two o'clock to join us for our meal. The heated discussion between the three of them in Italian with hands flying, was something to witness.
We we're told that 25 people sit around their large table at Christmas. Can you just imagine the sound and all the good food? We felt part of their family for a few hours.
"Ching, Ching for a toast! First it was red wine followed by white one, then sparkling white wine and finally by a special dessert wine made from small cherries. That one was delicious!
Best quote of the day by Isabella, "When you travel to new places, open your eyes and your heart. You will always enjoy yourself."
Posted by beachbuddies 22:45 Archived in Italy


text:
I wonder if there's a reliable and reputable online service that tests websites for the following:
and makes a report with the results.This would be made on a monthly basis.
Thank you for the suggestions.
You can search in google or other search engines for website maintenance services. I am sure you will get some feasible options.
ldelgado, there are websites... however you won't find any automated solutions that are reliable in that respect (if you want accessibility testing). Broken links, W3C validation (HTML and CSS) can be done quite quickly and easily and freely though their automated testers - which you could copy paste into a word document to form a report, accessibility is much more difficult as it requires contextual knowledge beyond what a machine can scan for. Accessibility validation is based on human perception, not code... and therefore any accessibility validator (like Cynthia) can only look for those problems which exist purely in respect to code issues - not design issues which means you're not going to have a fully accessible website, just a very rudimentary guide to such a thing. If you want a service that does a fairly good job (even though it can't do everything) there are two solutions I can recommend. Hope that's helpful (neither products come cheap!)
This piece of software: http://www.powermapper.com/products/sortsite/index.htm
And this web service: http://www.silktide.com/siteray
Hi Alex.Thank you for your suggestions, that was really helpful!


text:
One of my goals last summer was to add a few of her pieces to my wardrobe...which I did after a trip to Chicago. I will be re-living the moment I ran into a manager's gathering at one of the Chicago stores on Monday for Fashion Flash! Which is hosted this week by the fabulous Josephine of Chic at Any Age! Just go to this link FASHION FLASH HERE to read posts from beauty and fashion bloggers for women of a certain age.
These pants flew home with me and I love them. They really are fabulous comfort fashion at it's best. They look and feel quality, but also wear as comfortable as my exercise clothing does.
to be a clothing designer -- I was an uncomfortable person, and so I wanted comfortable clothes. And I hated shopping. There were too many choices; it was too complicated and a big waste of time. Men had a much easier time getting dressed for work. They had a uniform. It didn't look comfortable, but it looked sharp, and they fit into the business world. I wanted clothes like the simple shift dresses my mother made -- easy, not fussy, and flattering." - Eileen Fisher, INC. Magazine, How I Did It Feature 2010
As Inc Magazine, reports HERE, Eileen became the un-diva of women who wanted chic, comfortable clothing. One of my goals is to add more of her pieces to my wardrobe.
Who is currently your favorite designer or clothing line? Who do you turn to most often?
After a comment, then please stop by and see the amazing fashion bloggers of VISIBLE MONDAY!
And MONDAY MINGLE!
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
ga('create', 'UA-37229379-3', 'auto');
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Robin Thicke flops...in sales, not soccer!
Robin Thicke lost his wife when they seperated in February. Now he's lost big time in record sales!
Thicke named his latest effort after his now-seperated wife Paula Patton in an attempt to woo her back. After she looks at the sales numbers, she may have the divorce attorney on speed dial on her cell.
Robin Thicke's new album "Paula" sold only 25,000 units in its' debut week, which is approximately 150,000 less than his last album "Blurred Lines" sold when it was shot up to number 1 on the Billboard chart in 2013.
If you think that is bad, it gets more embarrassing for Thicke in Britain. Sales figures in the U.K. put the total number of copies sold at 530. That's not in thousands. That's 530 albums sold in a week. Now that's a blurry number to look at for Robin Thicke.
Apparently listeners were not impressed with Thicke's attempt to win back his wife. Remains to be seen how impressed she was. Their accountant certainly won't be.


text: The 5 Best New Uses for Old Things Facebook Pinterest Twitter Print Mail Save Left Arrow Right Arrow Photo by Beatriz da Costa Left Arrow Right Arrow 4 of 6 Grid View See All Tissue Box as Plastic Bag Holder Dispense plastic grocery bags with ease. Stuff your empties into and old tissue box and store under the sink. Then pull out one at a time when you need it. Start


text:
Model Description: Helios FB12-55 New Replacement Battery
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Condition: Brand New Fresh Stock
Includes: One new battery, a direct replacement for the Helios FB12-55
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The Helios FB12-55 replacement battery is a high quality lead acid battery that is designed to provide excellent performance, durability and long life. This battery meets or exceeds the manufacturer's original specifications.
Our battery is new and always fresh stock. The Helios FB12-55 replacement battery is covered by our industry leading 1 year replacement warranty. Extended warranty of up to 3 years is available for your convenience. Our warranty is inclusive of shipping costs and is hassle free, the only warranty of this kind in the marketplace.
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Nominal Voltage: 12V
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Height Over Terminal: 8.43" (214 mm)
Container Material: ABS (Optional UL94-HB & UL94-V0)
The Helios FB12-55 replacement battery consists of (1) High Quality 12V 55Ah battery.


text: > Sunday 12 August 2007 09:03:55 kirjutas strother at uci.edu <http://lists.pcbsd.org/mailman/listinfo/support>: > >/ Just installed PC-BSD on my laptop. Looks pretty good so far. However, > />/ when I hit the mute button of the laptop, the system freezes. Mouse > />/ movement and keypresses are lost. Also, I am unable to switch ttys (e.g., > />/ Ctrl-Alt-F1). > />/ > />/ What should I do to narrow down the problem? > />/ > /What laptop model you got? Thanks for getting back to me (and sorry for the slow response, I mistakenly thought I was signed up for the list and so I only just read this from the website archive). The laptop is an IBM Thinkpad X41. From wandering around various lists, I think I've figure out the problem. I installed PC-BSD while the laptop was hooked up to the laptop dock, but then tried to run the laptop unhooked from the dock. When it is hooked up to the dock everything works. Without the dock, the system freezes when you hit the mute button or plug/unplug the power. Also will fail intermittently in bootup. There are a references around to others having problems with the FreeBSD kernel and laptop docks (see http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dpelleg/X31_freebsd.html). I've installed FreeBSD-7.0-current, which appears contains acpi_dock. The system now boots and runs without any problems. I've seen it mentioned that the ATA bus for the dock could be disabled, but since I need the dock this isn't a viable option for me. I'll try PC-BSD again with my laptop after it moves to FreeBSD 7.0. In the meantime, I'll probably give it a go with my desktop. Cheers, Jim


text: LAHORE- Former Punjab law minister Rana Sanaullah has expressed his disappointment over the way PML-N is being run. Those who left the party in difficult times are now enjoying better positions, he said. Those who stood with the party in difficult times must be appreciated, Sanaullah added while talking to journalists today. He said that he would expose sycophant elements in the party. Rana Sanaullah was sacked from his ministry after Model Town tragedy.


text: SANParks.org Forums Discussing the National Parks of South Africa 2007-01-22T09:09:04+02:00 https://www.sanparks.org/forums/feed.php?f=27&t=13148 2007-01-22T09:09:04+02:00 2007-01-17T07:40:05+02:00 https://www.sanparks.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=13148&p=244659#p244659 Before the S25 split we had the pleasure of watching a mating Lion pair for over 2 hours right on the road - just us !!!! (Oh the pleasure of holidays being over and no crowds). Managed to catch 3 ground hornbills "hunting" on the H5. 1st catch a little leopard tortoise, than a large bush snail and lastly a rather large lizard - was fortunate to get it all on video camera as well as photos. Our 2 nights at Maroela were gorgeous with the spotting of 2 male lions (twice) walking on Orpen road, stunning pair of mating lions near Nwanetsi that took to sitting right by us for a good 2 hours 2 white rhino on the tamboti plains, an African civet - not at all camera shy - on a Maroela night drive.The nyala cows and baby on the Orpen rd were also such a pleasure to see although very shy & brief. The snake trying to eat an alive & kicking lizard at Olifants gate was quiet a sighting too.Pierre also took a very interesting pic of a hornless buffalo in a huge herd outside Satara - he was tagged too - anyone know about him??? On the way up to set up camp the 3rd day at Balule we spotted a magnificent heavily pregnant cheetah on the h1-5. She was so large it looked like she was really taking strain to walk with the heat - hopefully her babies came that evening - deep in the bush. Then unbeknown to us the big day arrived, leaving camp at 4.30am we found the most stunning young male leopard hunting in a warthog hole right along the H1-5 - again only car - & although he never succeeded (much to my relief - huge animal & bush lover, but not one for hunts) he pleasured us with his company for a good 30 minutes.The rest of the day spent driving around a very hot Satara/Orpen & in the Satara pool but our trip home was breath taking. We took the S90 home to Balule and at 5pm Pierre had spotted something so exciting that he could hardly get the words out - even though it was on my side. The most majestic creature ever, a CARACAL was hunting a Francolin right along the side of the road, he successfully caught the bird and then proceeded approx 100mtrs into the bush to eat his prey - giving us a clear view of him for a good 20minutes before he wondered off inwards - got everything on video & photo even through my tears, then to my astonishment Pierre shouted that there was another one in the road about 400m up - we drove ever so carefully up and no not a caracal but an African wildcat. Yup Leigh in tears again. She was phenomenal & non perturbed by us at all, staying around for about 15 mins before walking in the bush yowling for a mate or kittens perhaps. What an end to probably the best park holiday ever.Statistics: Posted by LEIGHVLASSO — Wed Jan 17, 2007 7:40 am ]]>


text:
New Generation, four conductor, 22AWG stranded bare copper conductors. PVC insulation, foil tape with 24AWG stranded tinned bare copper drain wire
providing 100% shield coverage. Gray PVC jacket. Common applications include: Broadcast, intercom/P.A. systems, sound/audio, power limited controls.
Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader
82-3210 - Relay Modules
12 or 24VDC selectable operation. 3~24VDC, 1mA positive or negative trigger. Double form "C" 2A, 120VAC/28VDC contacts. Mfr. #RBSN-TTL.
82-3355 - 50 Series Miniature Switch
50, 50F and 55F series switches are the most chosen switch configurations for residential installations. Low profile and self adhesive 3M tape make installation quick and simple. 50F and 55F come with break aways for applications where screw mounts are needed.
82-3780 - 30 Watt Siren
The ELK-SS30 is a dual tone indoor/outdoor siren, 6~12VDC, 1.1Ah, 120dB. Dimensions: 6" (W) x 8" (H) x 9.5" (D). Mfr. #ELK-SS30.
82-8580 - Push-To-Exit Plate - Single Gang
Stainless steel pace plates with "EXIT" and "SALIDA" silk screened on plate. #82-8580 fits into a standard single gang box and #82-8585 is slim-line design. #82-8580 has a green mushroom cap push button and 5A, 125VAC NO/NC pushbutton switch. #...
83-17300 - Raspberry Pi™ 3 Model B 1GB Project Board
It's here! The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is the latest generation of single-board computers from the Raspberry Pi Foundation. Upgrades over the Raspberry Pi 2 include a faster 1.2GHz ARMv8 64bit processor and built-in WiFi and Bluetooth functionality.
22-13750 - Double Ended Coaxial Stripper - RG7/11/213/8 and RG59/6/6 Quad
This lightweight, compact tool quickly and easily removes the cable jacket and inner conductors in a single step without any adjustments. The blades are designed to provide a 1/4" braid, 2-level strip, the standard preparation for compression connectors. Works wi...
28-11068 - 6' 14 Gauge Black Extension Cord
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Overall, my MCM experience was great! They delivered fast and as promised. Great product, great price!


text:
Internal Overview
Removing the side panel reveals 220mm fan with a plastic grill attached to it. It also reveals the inside of the case, which seems to have cables laying everywhere.
Towards the front of the case is the 3.5″ drive cage which houses five drives each with their own set of drive rails. The upper most drive bay houses the parts box, which attaches nicely inside one of the 3.5″ slots. Above the hard drive cage is the four 5.25″ external bays and one internal 3.5″ drive bay.
Towards the rear of the case you'll find the seven expansion slots, 120mm fan, I/O slot and power supply slot.
The hardware box, which fits nicely in a 3.5″ bay can hold and organize all of your parts. Getting an inside look at the top of the case reveals the two blue LED fans, which are attached to the top of the case.
To get to them you need to remove the two screws holding the plastic cover to the top of the case. You then slide back on the cover and lift up to remove it.


text:
Witnesses said troops backed by armoured vehicles surrounded Askar camp, in the city of Nablus, and took the men into a school for questioning.
The Israeli army regularly targets Nablus in what it says are operations against Palestinian militants.
The raid came a day after Israeli forces withdrew from Nablus after more than a week of a searches and arrests.
The Israeli military said: "Several hundred
Palestinians were stopped for questioning in order to check their
connections with terrorist activity and organisations."
It said anyone found innocent of involvement in militant activity would be freed.
Meanwhile, in the southern West Bank city of Bethlehem, a commander of the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades militant group and his brother were detained during an operation at a maternity hospital. Israeli media said the two had been hiding in the hospital laundry room.
Rateb and Adnan Abayat were picked up in what an Israeli military source said was a "pinpointed operation targeting the terrorist infrastructure". An Israeli army spokesman said a weapons cache was discovered during the operation.


text:
Doan and Carstairs are back in The Mouse in the Mountain which sees our hard-boiled duo on the beginning of a Mexican vacation. Hear it at Forgotten Classics.
In which Doan and Carstairs board the bus to Los Altos and meet their fellow passengers.
April 4, 2013 by Leave a Comment


text:
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text:
This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
This review article aims to provide an introduction to the methodology of health economic assessment of a health technology. Attention is paid to defining the fundamental concepts and terms that are relevant to health economic assessments. The article describes the methodology underlying a cost study (identification, measurement and valuation of resource use, calculation of costs), an economic evaluation (type of economic evaluation, the cost-effectiveness plane, trial- and model-based economic evaluation, discounting, sensitivity analysis, incremental analysis), and a budget impact analysis. Key references are provided for those readers who wish a more advanced understanding of health economic assessments.
Over the past decades, health technologies have made a major contribution to improving the health status of populations [
In response to this, governments seek instruments that can aid the implementation of safe and effective health technologies that support further health improvements, whilst containing health expenditures. Health economic assessment provides a tool to maximize population health subject to scarce resources [
The aim of this article is to provide an introduction to the science underlying the health economic assessment of a health technology. This article serves as a resource for readers who want a succinct overview of the methodology and use of health economic assessment. Particular attention is paid to defining the fundamental concepts and terms that are relevant to health economic assessment. Key references are added for those readers who wish a more advanced understanding of these topics.
Health economics as a scientific discipline that applies economic principles to health and health care [
A cost study can serve multiple purposes. Cost estimates can underline the importance of a disease to society when considered alongside its impact on morbidity and mortality and when compared with the economic burden of other diseases. Furthermore, cost studies may allow the identification of the drivers of diagnosis and treatment costs. Finally, cost data can be fed into economic evaluations, so that decision makers can ascertain the efficiency of various approaches to diagnosing and treating a disease by examining their consequences in relation to their costs.
Information about costs can be derived from a cost-of-illness analysis or from a cost analysis. A cost-of-illness analysis quantifies the economic burden of a disease to society by measuring the costs of diagnosing and treating a disease, as well as the costs arising as a result of the disease (for instance, productivity losses due to time taken off work). A cost analysis compares the costs of two or more approaches to diagnosis and treatment of a disease (for instance, medical
The following categories of costs can be distinguished [
Costs originate in the health care sector and in other sectors. For instance, treatment of opiate-dependent drug users involves the health sector (through the provision of maintenance or detoxification programmes), but also relies on the input from social care agencies. Furthermore, some studies have demonstrated that treatment costs are offset by savings arising from the prevention of future health care use and the reduction in criminal justice expenditure [
Once the relevant resource use has been identified, measured and valued, costs can be calculated [
The perspective of the study determines which items of resource use need to be taken into account. A cost study can take a societal perspective by considering all (in)direct (non-)health care resource uses. Alternatively, the more narrow perspective of a Ministry of Health, health care payer, hospital or patient can be adopted. In these instances, the cost study considers those items of resource use that are relevant from the perspective of the study. For instance, productivity loss as a result of illness is included in a cost study from the societal perspective. However, productivity loss is not relevant to the Ministry of Health and is, thus, excluded from a study with such a perspective.
The time horizon of a cost study needs to cover all relevant resource use. This applies to cost analyses, particularly those of immunization or vaccination programmes. Such programmes are associated with the use of drugs in the short-term, but may lead to savings from reduced health care resource use and from less productivity loss in the future. The time horizon needs to be sufficiently long to be able to investigate whether present drug costs are offset by future cost savings. The time horizon is also relevant to cost-of-illness analyses. A cost-of-illness analysis may take the form of a prevalence-based study, which measures costs attributable to a group of patients suffering from a disease during a given time interval. For instance, a literature review indicated that cost-of-illness analyses of endometriosis measured costs during a time period varying from six months to five years. This period was too short to account for the chronic nature of endometriosis which may afflict women during their reproductive years [
Two approaches can be adopted to measure the volume of resource use. On the one hand, a micro-costing or bottom-up approach identifies and measures each relevant item of resource use. This approach generates estimates of resource use with a high level of precision. However, this approach is time-intensive, expensive, and may yield estimates that are context-specific. On the other hand, a gross-costing or top-down approach measures resource use at the aggregate level (e.g., at the level of diagnosis-related groups) without specifying individual items. Such estimates benefit from increased generalisability and improve comparability of cost studies, but are less precise.
In terms of data sources, resource use can be measured in a sample of patients (primary data collection). A cost study can follow up patients suffering from a specific disease. Such case series that focus on identified patients only may be misleading in the case of diseases where diagnosis is complex and attribution of resource use to the disease is difficult. Studies comparing patients with/without a disease are better suited in that they allow identification of additional resource use related to the disease. Resource use can also be derived from existing sources such as patient medical records, a health care payer claims database, the published literature, other routine data sources or large scale secondary datasets (secondary data collection). Patient medical records provide detailed information about health care resource use. On the one hand, such data tend to pertain to a specific institution(s), thus limiting the generalisability of cost estimates. On the other hand, it may be possible to extract medical record data from a representative patient sample or from a sample of patients from multiple institutions. An analysis of claims data benefits from comprehensiveness of information on health care resource use, but may suffer from missing data and incorrect diagnostic coding of claims. Resource use data can be gathered from the literature, although differences in the design of primary studies may restrict comparability of estimates. The key issue is that secondary data sources may not fit the question that a health economic assessment seeks to address.
The principle of valuing resource use is based on the notion of 'opportunity cost'. The opportunity cost represents the cost of using resources for some purpose, measured as their value in their next best alternative use. In the context of health economic assessment, the valuation of resource use puts a monetary value on the resources depleted by the disease and its treatment. Economic theory demonstrates that market prices in a free and perfectly competitive market represent opportunity costs. Thus, in order to value resource use, the volume of resource use needs to be multiplied by market prices. However, market prices do not always exist. For instance, drug prices may be negotiated between the government and the pharmaceutical company. Therefore, researchers use official list prices to calculate charges. Caution needs to be exercised when calculating charges as these do not necessarily reflect the worth of resource use. For instance, charges of surgical treatment in hospital may not accurately measure actual expenditure on administration, billing, capital depreciation, maintenance, laundry and other hospital services related to the surgical procedure.
Alternatively, shadow prices can be used to value resource use in the absence of market prices. This can be illustrated with the valuation of productivity loss. If the patient is an employee, his/her wage can be used to value lost productivity. If the patient is a housewife, this approach cannot be used as a housewife does not receive a wage. Instead, researchers need to draw on a shadow price,
When calculating the costs of a health care programme, the question arises of whether to compute marginal or average costs. Dividing total costs by the number of units generates average costs. Average costs include fixed costs (e.g., costs of hospital infrastructure) as well as variable costs. Marginal costs represent the costs of producing one additional unit and, therefore, include variable costs only. As our interest is in the additional costs incurred by the health care programme, a cost study needs to calculate marginal costs. However, the distinction between average and marginal costs is not always clear. If the national implementation of a health care programme involves building a new hospital, the use of average costs is recommended as they measure the fixed costs of the hospital infrastructure. Alternatively, these hospital costs can be viewed as marginal costs as they represent the additional costs imposed by the programme.
An economic evaluation is in essence a comparative analysis of at least two health technologies in terms of both their costs and consequences [
An economic evaluation enables us to answer efficiency questions by relating the costs to the consequences of alternative health technologies. An incremental analysis is carried out to express the results of an economic evaluation. This means that, for meaningful comparison, an economic evaluation expresses the additional costs incurred by one health technology vis-à-vis the comparator in relation to the additional consequences of that technology vis-à-vis the comparator.
An economic evaluation can take a number of forms. A cost-minimisation analysis is appropriate when the alternative health technologies produce equivalent consequences. In this case, a cost-minimisation analysis identifies the least costly health technology. For instance, an economic evaluation examined the efficiency of two antibiotics (teicoplanin and vancomycin) used in the treatment of intensive care unit patients with catheter-related infections [
A cost-effectiveness analysis denotes an economic evaluation that measures costs in a monetary unit and quantifies a single consequence in a physical or natural unit (e.g., the number of successfully treated patients, the number of life years gained, the number of symptom days averted). Final consequence measures (e.g., life years gained) are preferred to intermediate measures (e.g., cholesterol level) as our interest is in the ultimate impact of a technology on health. Also, as final consequence measures are relevant to multiple health technologies and diseases, their use facilitates comparison of the efficiency of various technologies. The results of a cost-effectiveness analysis are expressed by means of an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio:
A cost-effectiveness analysis is only possible if the health technologies affect the same consequence. However, technologies may affect multiple consequences. In this case, a cost-consequence analysis can be carried out, which presents costs and multiple consequences. One use of a cost-consequence analysis is to highlight the choices and trade-offs that exist between different consequences. The drawback is that a cost-consequence analysis does not provide an assessment of the overall efficiency of a health technology.
The previous types of economic evaluation pose a number of challenges. In particular, health technologies may impact multiple consequences, consequences may differ between health technologies, and patients may attach more importance to some consequences than others. In response to this, the two following types of economic evaluation have been developed that combine and value the various consequences in a single generic measure of health improvement.
An economic evaluation that measures costs and consequences by means of specific health-related quality of life measures, such as quality-adjusted life years, is referred to as a cost-utility analysis. The quality-adjusted life year takes into account the quantity and quality of life. The quality of life associated with a health state is measured through the use of health utilities. A utility reflects the preference of an individual for the health state. Utilities are elicited on a scale of 0 (reflecting death) to 1 (reflecting perfect health) using techniques such as the visual analogue scale, the standard gamble or the time trade-off [
A cost-benefit analysis values consequences in monetary terms (the 'benefits') in addition to costs. A monetary value can be assigned to consequences by means of the human capital approach, the revealed preference approach or the willingness-to-pay technique [
The question whether to conduct an economic evaluation can be answered by looking at the so-called cost-effectiveness plane (see
If the point falls into quadrant 2, the technology is more effective and less costly than the comparator. In other words, the technology dominates the comparator. This indicates that the technology needs to be adopted and that there is no need to conduct an economic evaluation. Conversely, if the point falls into quadrant 4, the comparator dominates the technology and the comparator should be adopted. In quadrants 1 and 3, one option is more effective, but also more costly than the other option. In these cases, an economic evaluation needs to be carried out. Authorities in some countries have specified cost-effectiveness thresholds, which serve to determine whether a technology is efficient or not (cfr. infra). Such a threshold represents the maximum cost per life-year gained that authorities are willing to pay for a health technology. The gradient of the dashed line represents one cost-effectiveness threshold. The technology is efficient if its point falls to the south-east of this dashed line.
What is the empirical evidence of the value of health technologies? A recent study reviewed 599 articles providing data on 1,500 cost-effectiveness ratios of health technologies [
There are two ways to carry out an economic evaluation: a trial-based economic evaluation or a model-based economic evaluation [
An economic evaluation can be carried out alongside a clinical trial. Such evaluations are called trial-based economic evaluations or piggy-back studies. In the case of a piggy-back study of a new drug, the economic evaluation can be carried out alongside a Phase III clinical trial, which examines the efficacy and adverse reactions during the drug development process. Such economic evaluations provide timely information with high internal validity that can be used by manufacturers, policy makers, healthcare professionals and patients to assess the value of a new drug. The economic evaluation can also be conducted alongside a Phase IV clinical trial, which examines long-term effectiveness following regulatory approval of the drug. Such economic evaluations explore the efficiency of a new drug under conditions of day-to-day practice and benefit from greater external validity.
There is a wide diversity in the design, conduct and analysis of trial-based economic evaluations. However, a number of good research practices have emerged [
Nevertheless, there are some drawbacks to using piggy-back studies for the purpose of economic evaluation. These include:
Inadequate sample size; Restrictive patient selection (patient characteristics, co-morbidities, disease severity); Inappropriate comparator; Short time horizon; Occurrence of protocol-driven resource use (which leads to over-estimation of costs); Artificially enhanced compliance; Inappropriate consequence measures;
Inadequate sample size;
Restrictive patient selection (patient characteristics, co-morbidities, disease severity);
Inappropriate comparator;
Short time horizon;
Occurrence of protocol-driven resource use (which leads to over-estimation of costs);
Artificially enhanced compliance;
Inappropriate consequence measures;
It needs to be emphasised that trials are conducted for a wide variety of purposes (e.g., dose response, safety, efficacy, effectiveness) and as such may or may not be suitable for consideration of cost-effectiveness as an economic evaluation considers whether an intervention is worth adopting into practice. As a consequence some or all of the drawbacks may exist. They are less likely to exist in a study that is explicitly designed to address cost-effectiveness as a primary outcome.
Even if a trial-based economic evaluation exists and is suitable, some form of modeling is likely to be needed. For instance, to examine the full impact of a health technology, statistical modeling beyond the time horizon of the trial may be required for the purpose of extrapolation. Also, decision-analytic modeling may be used to address some shortcomings of trial-based economic evaluations by allowing us to compare all relevant options; to incorporate all appropriate evidence; to translate intermediate endpoints into final consequences; to extrapolate over the appropriate time horizon of the evaluation; and to generalize to other settings or populations [
With respect to modeling, concerns have been raised about the inappropriate use of clinical data, about biases in observational data, about the difficulties of extrapolation, and about the transparency or validity of models [
The costs and consequences of a health technology generally do not take place in the same year, but may be spread out over multiple years. For instance, current costs of a vaccination programme need to be compared by future benefits of prevented disease and reduced healthcare costs. An economic evaluation needs to take account of the timing of costs and consequences because individuals have a positive rate of time preference. This means that individuals attach greater importance to current than to future costs and consequences. This positive rate of time preference mainly derives from three reasons: (a) individuals consider the short run only; (b) individuals are uncertain about the future; and (c) individuals can invest a Euro now and expect to receive more than a Euro in the future. Time preference is taken into account in an economic evaluation by the process of discounting. Discounting calculates the present value of costs and consequences occurring in the future [
Any variable used in an economic evaluation is subject to some uncertainty [
There are two approaches to carrying out a sensitivity analysis in a model-based economic evaluation: deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.
A deterministic sensitivity analysis explores the impact on results of changes in one input variable (one-way analysis) or of simultaneous changes in multiple variables (multi-way analysis). One application of a multi-way analysis is a scenario analysis. Such an analysis typically includes a best case scenario, where all input variables are changed in the most optimistic way, and a worst case scenario, where input variables take on the most pessimistic values. A scenario analysis provides insight into the efficiency of the health technology in the best case and in the worst case. Such an analysis may also serve to test the impact of various scenarios on cost-effectiveness results. Finally, a threshold analysis identifies the combination of variable estimates that ensures that the incremental cost-effectiveness or cost-utility ratio of the technology does not exceed the threshold adopted by authorities.
A probabilistic sensitivity analysis is based on a Monte Carlo simulation. The principle is to run the analysis a large number of times (e.g., 10,000 times) with different sets of variable estimates drawn from distributions. This requires that a probability distribution is assigned to each input variable. For each iteration, the simulation draws input parameters at random from their statistical distributions and calculates cost and effectiveness pairs. At the end of the 10,000 iterations, the joint statistical distribution for costs and effectiveness is represented as a cloud of points on the cost-effectiveness plane (see
The gradient of the dashed line in
A trial-based economic evaluation of patient-level data is inherently stochastic [
The use of economic evaluation is corroborated, for instance, by the dramatic increase in the number of published economic evaluations of health technologies in the last decades. For instance, the Tufts Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, which includes more than 1,700 cost-utility analyses of health technologies published from 1976 to 2007, shows that the number of cost-utility analyses has risen exponentially over time (see
As decision makers appreciate the need to evaluate projects in terms of costs and benefits, economic evaluation offers a framework that presents information about health technologies in a format that is familiar and useful to them. Economic evaluation may serve as an instrument to demonstrate the value of a health technology with a view to informing pricing/reimbursement decisions [
Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility thresholds have either been explicitly specified by authorities or can be implicitly determined from examining past pricing/reimbursement decisions.
For instance, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in England and Wales uses a threshold value of £20,000 per quality-adjusted life year, although health technologies with a cost-utility ratio above this threshold can be recommended for use in the National Health Service if there is a strong case to do so. A review of NICE guidance issued between 1999 and 2005 concluded that health technologies having a ratio exceeding £30,000 per QALY were unlikely to be recommended [
It should be noted that certain aspects of the decision making process restrict the use of economic evaluations of health technologies. A first aspect relates to institutional features of the health care system. For instance, in most European countries, health expenditures are divided across several budgets, with a tendency for decision makers to adopt a silo mentality. This means that decision makers consider each budget separately, but do not take account of the full impact of a technology across budgets. This silo mentality poses challenges for economic evaluation because health technologies are likely to have an impact on multiple budgets. For instance, although the introduction of a new drug may add to the pharmaceutical budget, this may be accompanied by reduced expenditure on other health services utilization. Therefore, there is a need to overcome this silo mentality in order to enhance the value of economic evaluation.
Economic evaluations need to report findings that have practical relevance to decision makers. For instance, savings arising from fewer hospitalizations are accounted for as a financial benefit in an economic evaluation. However, the benefit does not necessarily materialize in a real setting as vacated beds may be used in the treatment of other patients. If this is the case, researchers are essentially taking into account freed resources, whereas decision makers have an interest in actual financial savings. It is therefore important for researchers to understand the perspective of decision makers, to ascertain for what purpose decision makers wish to use the information derived from the economic evaluation, and to present the results accordingly.
Although decision makers embrace the principle of weighing costs and benefits in making decisions, their actual knowledge of economic evaluation techniques is generally limited and they tend to have doubts about the methodological quality of studies [
In addition to information about the efficiency of a new health technology, regulatory agencies in an increasing number of countries now require data about the budgetary impact of the technology on national, regional or local budgets [
Budget impact analysis in combination with cost study and economic evaluation play a crucial part in the comprehensive assessment of a health technology and may inform reimbursement decisions [
The methodology of budget impact analysis is still developing, although principles of good practice for budget impact analysis have recently been proposed [
Health economic assessment in the form of a cost study, economic evaluation and budget impact analysis provides a tool to evaluate health technologies. Indeed, these instruments present information about the costs, efficiency and affordability of a technology to decision makers with a view to optimising health policy. In order to fully exploit the value of health economic assessment, researchers need to take care to conduct such exercises according to methodologically sound principles. Additionally, researchers need to take into account the decision making context by identifying the various goals that decision makers pursue and by discuss how decision makers can use the findings of health economic evaluation to attain these objectives.
No financial support was received for this study. The author has no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this manuscript.
Components of an economic evaluation.
The cost-effectiveness plane.
Cost-effectiveness acceptability curve.
Trend in cost-utility analyses of health technologies, 1976–2007.
Cost-effectiveness/cost-utility threshold values.
|AUS$42,000–76,000 per life year
|24,700–44,700 € per life year
|CAN$20,000–100,000 per QALY
|12,700–63,300 € per QALY
|England and Wales
|£20,000–30,000 per QALY
|22,800–34,100 € per QALY
|20,000–80,000 € per QALY
|20,000–80,000 € per QALY
|New Zealand
|NZ3,000–15,000 per QALY
|1,400–7,200 € per QALY
|United States
|US$50,000 per QALY
|34,400 € per QALY
- QALY = quality-adjusted life year.
- Local threshold values were converted into Euro using market exchange rates on 14th September 2009


text:
100% Recycled Paper Satchel
4 Recommendations
StraightLine's recommendation
It's nice to know that going green not only helps the enviroment but in the case of these Satchels, they are stylish and affordable! Looking at them you would never guess they are made of 100% recycled paper with cotton canvas handles. Choice of pink and brown or red and white.
My Collections:
Aswan's recommendation
I have to admit. Typically, merch made from recyclables tends to look a little budget. These satchel are definitely an exception. They are made from 100% recycled paper and provide the same style and fashionability as bags from some of those elite brands. I'm sure if you slapped a Prada logo on these, they would sell like hot cakes.
My Collections:
figandsage's recommendation
I LOVE paper! Fine stationery, notecards, Post-Its...you get the picture. I dig the fact that this super cute bag from Engage Green is made from recycled PAPER!!! Makes me feel a little better about all the paper I use by bringing it full circle. Although the company isn't claiming it, most of this bag can probably be recycled as well. Love it!
My Collections:
Marinamussi's recommendation
Going green doesn't mean not stilish, look these bags, how cute.


text:
Friday, July 21, 2017
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Lift station cost jumps to $900K
Rick DeClue
· News · November 30, 2012
Look it over good, Mayor Don Kessler told the West Branch City Council. I dont like change orders.
The mayor made the comment Nov. 19 after the council had been provided cost estimates on a lift station that were approximately $178,000 higher than those previously considered. The current estimated costs of nearly $900,000 were approved 4-0 by council, with council member Mark Worrell noting that there likely would be more change orders in the future.
Kessler had pressed City Engineer Dave Schechinger of Veenstra & Kimm to explain the add-ons.
Schechinger said they were due to both the process for a major project like this and additional information such as a report from Terracon Geotechnical Engineering citing very poor soil conditions underlying the proposed improvements.
The process Schechinger was referring to included the preliminary plans, specs and costs used to determine general feasibility. The next step of detailed design engineering, additional data such as the Terracon report, and review and discussions with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources on their specific requirements can lead to changes such as the revised cost estimates.
According to Schechinger, Terracon reported the plan would require six feet of fill material in the lift station project area. They said this could result in settlement up to 12 inches, which would be damaging to existing piping and structures.
V&K revised the plans to require minimal fill to keep the plants critical components above the 500-year flood plain, as requested by the city. The critical components include the control building, generator and electric transformer.
All critical elements will either be built on pads above the necessary elevation, or will have sealed structures with equipment positioned above the required elevation.
With the councils approval, bid packages were distributed on Nov. 20 to be returned by Dec. 12. The council will review the project again at the Dec. 17 meeting.
Construction could begin in early January, with completion scheduled for October 2013.
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text:
Nobody knew what to make of Caldwell in 1932, and nobody much talks about him now, but his legacy persists.
"Make sure you take this down," said Christopher Brown, a Paul delegate from Caldwell, Texas.
Caldwell said show producers asked the police department to participate but they declined.
Caldwell retreated a few steps and then turned back angrily.
The irritation in the captain's voice seemed to increase Caldwell's agitation.
She and Mrs. Caldwell took a kindly interest in each other's affairs.
Do you remember the first night Caldwell came to the Bar T ranch?
Beth sat up, and slapped Bernadine promptly; whereupon Mrs. Caldwell slapped Beth.
Why did you give Caldwell five hundred in the first place, Larkin?
Mrs. Caldwell's own education had been of the most desultory character, but such as it was, she was content with it.


text:
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- Christopher Muehleck - District Manager
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text:
ALTALLAP-L ArchivesArchiver > ALTALLAP > 1999-08 > 0934248258
From: Joan Hoskins <>
Subject: Re: Cherokee Indian Genealogy
Date: Mon, 09 Aug 1999 21:24:18 -0400
Cherokee Indian Reservation web site http://www.cherokee-nc.com
On the Census dated August 10,1860 in New Site,Tallapoosa County,Alabama there
was a
James Yates 46 m farmer $300 land value $400 personal value
Teressa 45 f - James H 16 m -Albert H 15 m-Mary W13 f-Martha T 12 f-Amanda Y 11
f-Nancy 9 f- Augustus 8 m - McDaniel 7 m -David 3 m -Margaret 3 f
If you have any luck with Indian Reservations records please write down who you
spoke to and the route you took--at least you have her name--In my records it
lists Jonathan Railey /Indian wife/ son Hugh Railey --his son James Madison
Monroe Railey b.1865 d.1936 Good luck Joan in Orlando[born Tallapoosa Co.]
> Hi all...
> I have been wanting to find some info on my gggrandmother MARTHA TAYLOR YATES
> PEPPER. I had a note on some genealogy stuff that indicated she might be
> part Indian, tho I didn't know what tribe. Well, today I visited her grave
> for the first time, and guess what? There's a big ole SEAL OF THE CHEROKEE
> NATION on her grave! Now, I am wondering if you all could give me some
> pointers on tracing my Native American roots? Subsequent findings today said
> she was 1/2 Indian, and her parents were JAMES YATES and TERESA M. WINSLETT
> Thanks, Kay Strong Dennis
This thread:
|Re: Cherokee Indian Genealogy by Joan Hoskins <>


text: On Tue, Jun 13, 2006 at 01:31:56PM -0700, Sam Rash alleged: > Hello, > > > > I recently built Torque 2.1.0 p0 and Maui 3.2.6 p16 on FreeBSD. Torque > built just fine and Maui required some minor tweaking, but now works. What tweaking did maui require? Was there a build problem? > I would like to know how to set the queue params in torque (via qmgr -c 'set > queue ..') such that say, each node will have 11 processes and my queues > have 3 and 4 processers per node (these odd #'s are to allow certain > combinations of jobs from queues to execute concurrently, but not others). I don't understand. "each node will have 11 procs... 3 and 4 procs per node". > Additionally, I noticed that at statup, maui will grab said queue parameters > and store features and such under CLASSCFG[ ]. As I can update the queues' > parameters with qmgr dynamically, will maui ever retrieve this while > running? It's not a big deal, but if a maui restart is unnecessary, that's > helpful. IIRC, queue attributes are never retrieved a second time. You'll need to restart maui. > Lastly, the PREMPTOR/PREMPTEE values for CLASSES. Is there a way to set this > in the torque server config for queues via a queue feature or value? > (obviously torque ignores) I'd just like to centralize my queue > definitions. Unfortunately not. Though adding this wouldn't be that hard.


text:
THE SQL Server Blog Spot on the Web
Cross-posted from Spendid Isolation
After a few
months of silence, I am happy to say that I am returning to regular duty in the
Microsoft Technical space. The last eight months have been very difficult ones
between health issues and the economy. However, I feel like now is the best
time to start making a personal investment in community building again. Therefore,
to that end, I am pleased to make the following announcements.
Working with
the other leaders of The Sioux Falls .NET user group, I have taken on
responsibility for getting The Sioux Falls chapter of the Professional
Association for SQL Server up and going. As you know, SQL Server is just as
much my passion as helping others learn and grow are. I am very excited about
this opportunity. We will soon be announcing an organizational meeting for
those of you interested in attending.
Second, as
many of know, I had a great run with DevelopMentor as one of their SQL Server instructors. So when I read Ted Neward's post about the company, I felt sad.
In much the
same way he does, I feel warmly about people like Dr. Sumida and the Niels
Berglund. Indeed, I remember my night with "Scary Ron" and agree --
it had a lot impact on me! So much of what Ted has to say resonates deeply with
me -- especially the bits about what it meant to be part of that culture.
Honestly, that is what I found to be so great about being there.
Sadly, the
economic reality of 2009 meant that I could not continue to be part of DM going
forward. While there has been a lot of back-and-forth DM's economic future today ,
there is no doubt in my mind that they will continue to be successful thanks to
the hard work their instructors and back office staff.
Still, I
love to learn and share what I have learned with others. That is why, today, I
am pleased to announce that I have joined the Technical Staff of PluralSight. Again,
I feel blessed to be working with "the best of the best" folks like
Fritz Onion, Dan Sullivan and many others. This is also a great fit for me
since I can work on developing on-line delivered content, cutting down on
travel while I work on getting practical experience and data for my Doctorate
research. Of course, getting my health back the best it has been in years
benefits too.
Last but far
from least, I am happy to say that Joe Olson has let me know that I will be
speaking at the Heartland Developer's Conference again this year. Of all of the
conferences I have done, HDC is the most rewarding and important to me since it
directly affects the developers in my community first. This year's talk will be
very different for me: rather than doing a deep dive into some facet of the
technology stack I will be talking about "how to (and not to) give a
Maybe a
little of "Scary Kent" will finally come out. I'm +1 with that.


text:
From the Libyan novelist Hisham Matar, whose father was abducted in Cairo more than 20 years ago, to Longitude author Dava Sobel and her work on the uproar caused by Copernicus, this year's Edinburgh International Book Festival, sponsored by The Guardian, is set to address the theme of revolution.
The festival, which recently unveiled its 2011 program, takes place in Charlotte Square Gardens, Edinburgh, from August 13 to 29.
Authors including Matar, whose debut novel In the Country of Men was shortlisted for the 2006 Man Booker Prize, Pakistani writer Kamila Shamsie, China's only Nobel laureate of literature, the exiled Gao Xingjian, and the Egyptian author and political commentator, Ahdaf Soueif, will be scrutinising revolution in the 21st century through a series of events which are being curated by BBC television's special correspondent Allan Little.
Revolutions past will also be explored, with the bestselling Sobel speaking about her book on the Copernican revolution, Peter Ackroyd considering England's tumultuous history and
"It's how the world is feeling at the moment," says director Nick Barley about the festival's theme.
"It's our response to the way the world is. These are very turbulent times ... from Libya to China, India to Iran, the US 10 years after 9/11 and the recent controversies involving Twitter and WikiLeaks, audiences and authors in Charlotte Square Gardens will explore the power of the written word to provide a compelling commentary on the world around us."
A stellar line-up of writers – 800 from 40 countries – will be speaking at the event. The author of The English Patient, Michael Ondaatje, will be launching his latest novel, The Cat's Table; A. S. Byatt will give a sneak preview of her re-imagining of Norse myth in Ragnarok; and US author Sapphire will unveil her follow-up to Push, which was turned into the Oscar-winning film Precious. Alasdair Gray, most famous for his 1981 epic Lanark, will give a full-length world premiere performance of Fleck, his re-imagining of the Faust story. Author Will Self plays Fleck – the Faust character – alongside A. L. Kennedy, Ian Rankin and Scotland's makar (national poet) Liz Lochhead.
Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond will chair an event with Fife-born Iain Banks; Sarah Brown will be talking about life in No. 10 Downing Street; Ingrid Betancourt speaks about her kidnapping by the guerrilla group Farc in Colombia, and comedian and writer Alexei Sayle will reveal all about being raised by communist parents.
"We've also got Michael Scheuer, the head of the CIA unit responsible for searching out Osama bin Laden," says Barley.
"He resigned in 2004 because he thought George W. Bush's policies were too liberal: he's a very hawkish American policymaker and it's important we have a wide mix of views. He's talking about revolution from an extreme right perspective."
Four guest selectors, including Little, have been invited to curate individual strands of the program. The Time Traveller's Wife author Audrey Niffenegger is looking at writing without boundaries through a series of events with genre-defying authors including Neil Gaiman and Kelly Link, while broadcaster Joan Bakewell is outlining the ideas she believes will define the 21st century.
The new British children's laureate Julia Donaldson, best known as author of The Gruffalo, will explore ways to engage children in reading.
The children's program, featuring Nick Sharratt as illustrator in residence, will look at classics such as The Canterbury Tales, Twelfth Night and Tarzan from new angles. Tickets go on sale on June 26.
The Australian Financial Review