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'Trash the banks and you end up trashing Britain': Cameron in strong defence of UK's financial sector
David Cameron last night issued his strongest defence of the finance industry since the economic crisis, claiming those who 'trash the banks would end up trashing Britain'.
The Prime Minister used his annual speech at the Lord Mayor's Banquet – which is traditionally focused on foreign policy – to instead deliver a warning that Britain is in a battle to survive as a major economy.
He defended both the banks and defence firms, insisting the Government would stand up for sectors vital to the country's economic future.
Fright night: David Cameron told an audience at London's Mansion House that Britain was facing a 'moment of reckoning' and would either 'sink or swim' as newer economies expand
He told his audience at London's
Mansion House that Britain was facing a 'moment of reckoning' and would
either 'sink or swim' as newer economies expand.
In what will be interpreted as a
message to Liberal Democrat Business Secretary Vince Cable, who has led
criticism of the banks, he urged everyone to 'get behind' a properly
regulated financial sector.
'Pursuing a modern industrial strategy doesn't mean being anti-finance,' the Prime Minister insisted.
'Tell me this: Which sector of our economy contributed an eighth of all government revenue even during recession?
'Which sector provides 50million personal bank accounts, 11million mortgages and hundreds of billions of pounds of loans to small businesses?
'And which sector underpins jobs for
two million people, with more than two thirds outside London? Of course,
it's our financial services.
'Yes, some utterly terrible mistakes
were made and they need to be addressed properly so they can never
happen again. But those who think the answer is just to trash the banks
would end up trashing Britain. I say, recognise the enormous strength
and potential of our financial sector; regulate it properly and get
behind it.'
Mr Cameron insisted the Government
was taking 'tough action' to clean up the banks, with new civil and
criminal penalties for law-breakers and 'the most transparent rules on
pay and bonuses of any major financial centre in the world'. He hailed
the Government's programme to 'clear up' Labour's 'regulatory mess',
including ring-fencing retail banking to protect it from the risks of
investment banking.
The Prime Minister was also
unrepentant over his efforts to promote arms sales, most recently on a
trip last week to the Middle East.
'We must support all sectors of the economy where we have a comparative advantage, and that includes defence,' Mr Cameron said.
'Every country in the world has a
right to self defence. And you cannot expect every country to be
self-sufficient in providing the tanks, ships and planes needed. So when
Britain has a very strong defence industry, with 300,000 jobs depending
on it, it's right that we should be at forefront of this market,
supporting British jobs and British allies.
'And that's why last week, in the
Gulf, I was pushing for new contracts for Typhoon jets worth billions of
pounds and thousands of jobs.
'That's vital new business for Britain. And I make no apology for going out there and trying to help win it.'
- The Prime Minister has said for the first time he wants to send his children to a state secondary school. Answering pupils' questions at the Bristol Brunel Academy, he said changes to the state school system were 'really exciting'.
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pairs African grey parrots for sale. They come complete with cage. They both talk but can be shy around new people. There not fully tame as I dont have…No Price Listed
Stunning and brilliant macaw parrot is ready to go now. Veterinarian checked with up to date vacation. Comes with cage for a small rehoming fee Photos…No Price Listed

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Noninteractive environments, like http://collegewritingservice.org/ linear videotapes, are much less effective for creating contexts that students can explore and reexamine, both individually and collaboratively.
visit site
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text:
Los Angeles Dodgers star outfielder Yasiel Puig may have ignited his team's amazing run to the playoffs in the 2013 Major League season with his no-holds-barred style of all-out baseball, but when he brings his high-octane approach to the highways, he's in trouble.
Puig was arrested for reckless driving after cops clocked the Cuban defector rocketing along at 110 mph in a 70 mph zone of Interstate 75 in Florida, that state's Naples News newspaper reports.
Police stopped him at 9:30 in the morning Saturday. They held him in Collier County Jail until about 1 pm, when Puig was released on a $500 cash bond. It is unclear who paid the bond for Puig.
The ESPN.com web site attempted to get a reaction from the Dodgers organization about Puig's latest automotive issue, but a team spokesperson offered no comment. The bust was the second speeding violation of the year for the 6'3″, 235-pound sensation, who turned only 23 on December 7.
In April, while playing for Los Angeles' minor-league affiliate at the Double-A level in Tennessee, he was stopped for driving 97 mph in a 50 mph zone. At the time, he was charged with speeding, reckless driving, and operating a motor vehicle without proof of insurance. But charges were dropped just two months ago, in part because Puig performed community service while playing for the Dodgers in Los Angeles.
Puig, who played baseball in Cuba's major league until he attempted to defect to the U.S., finally completed his defection in April of 2012, picked up by the coast guard wearing just a beat-up shirt, shorts, and flip-flops, according to an account of the incident on Yahoo! Sports. But his days of poverty were short-lived once he arrived.
A mere two months after arriving in the United States with the shirt on his back and a few possessions in a garbage bag, he signed a seven-year, $42 million contract with the Dodgers that included a signing bonus of $12 million.
Puig collected a salary of $2 million in 2013. He was driving a 2013 Mercedes-Benz when he was stopped in Florida's "Alligator Alley" section of freeway Saturday morning.
He played his first big league game on June 3 of this year and was an immediate success. His .319 batting average and.534 slugging percentage with 19 home runs in 104 games was a key to reversing the Dodgers' then-disappointing season.
The team was 31 and 42 on June 21, but led by Puig, Los Angeles won 46 of their next 56 games, won the National League West Division and advanced to the NL Championship Series before losing in six games to the St. Louis Cardinals, barely missing out on a chance to face the Boston Red Sox in the World Series.


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Brigadier General Evander Law's Brigade would advance on the right of Hood's Division against the Federals on the far end
of Houck's Ridge. After Hood's wounding however, General Law would take command of the Division with Colonel James Sheffield,
48th Alabama now heading Law's Brigade. Colonel Sheffield described the action then as follows.
"On reaching the enemy's lines, where they were well and strongly situated, I ordered my regiment forward, which
was gallantly obeyed until within about 20 paces of their line. Here the fire of the enemy was severe. Here the
men opened fire on the enemy, and for some time continued, until the left, from the loss of men and their exposed
position to a fire front the front and from the mountain on the right, were forced to fall back. The right steadily
maintained its position for some time, forcing the enemy to withdraw from their first line and establish their line
a short distance to their rear, where they continued their fire. After the contest had continued for an hour and a half,
and my whole regiment had been brought to the front the third time, only to be driven back, I ordered them to reform in
the rear of their advanced position. While doing this, I was ordered to take command of the brigade. After this, the
regiment was commanded by Capt. T. J. Eubanks, who reformed and carried it to the front, where the battle-ground was held
during the night, bringing off our wounded.
In this battle the regiment (48th AL) had 275 men engaged. There were 102 killed, wounded, and missing."
Major General
David B. Birney, General Hood's counterpart on the Union side of the field described how he positioned and used his men. "My line
was formed with Ward on the left, resting on the mountain, De Trobriand in the center, and Graham on my right in the peach orchard,
with his right on the Emmitsburg road. Smith's battery of rifled guns was placed so as to command the gorge at the base of the Sugar
Loaf Mountain; Winslow's battery on the right of Ward's brigade, and a battery from the Artillery Reserve; also Clark's and Ames'
batteries to the right, in rear of the peach orchard, supported by Graham's brigade, and the Third Michigan, from the Third Brigade,
and the Third Maine, from the Second Brigade. Randolph's, Seeley's, and Turnbull's batteries were placed near the Emmitsburg road, on
the front, parallel with it. I immediately sent an aide to Major-General Sykes asking for the division promised to support my left.
I now opened (say at 3.30 p.m.) with Clark's and Smith's batteries upon the columns of the enemy moving toward our left, parallel with
the Emmitsburg road.
At 4 o'clock the enemy returned the artillery fire on my entire front, and advanced their infantry en masse, covered by
a cloud of skirmishers. Major-General Sykes reached my left opportunely, and protected that flank. A portion of his command,
under General Barnes, had been placed in rear of the right of De Trobriand's brigade, but during the fight he withdrew his
force, and formed some 300 yards farther in the rear.
Of those Union skirmishers, Major Homer R. Stoughton, commanding the 2nd United States Sharpshooters would note,
"The enemy's skirmishers advanced to the top of the hill in our front, and immediately after they placed a battery
directly in our front, and being too far for our range, I sent forward a few men under cover of woods on the left, and
silenced one piece nearest us.
The enemy then
advanced a line of battle covering our entire front and flank. While they were advancing, the Second Regiment did splendid execution,
killing and wounding a great many. One regiment broke three times, and rallied, before it would advance. I held my position until
their line of battle was within 100 yards of me and their skirmishers were pushing my right flank, when I ordered my men to fall
back, firing as they retired."
Major General Birney would continue,
"As the fight was now furious, and my thin line reached from Sugar Loaf Hill to the Emmitsburg road, fully a mile in length,
I was obliged to send for more re-enforcements to Major-General Sickles, and Major Tremain, aide-de-camp to the commanding
general, soon appeared with a brigade of the Second Corps, which behaved most handsomely, and, leading them forward, it soon
restored the center of my line, and we drove the enemy from that point, to fall with re-doubled force on Ward's brigade. My
thin lines swayed to and fro during the fight, and my regiments were moved constantly on the double-quick from one part of
the line to the other, to re-enforce assailed points."
Union Brigadier General J. H. Hobart Ward, commanding the men on the Federal's far left would note in his report,
"The enemy had now approached to within 200 yards of my position, in line and en masse, yelling and shouting. My command
did not fire a shot until the enemy came within the distance prescribed, when the whole command fired a volley. This checked
the enemy's advance suddenly, which gave our men an opportunity to reload, when another volley was fired into them. The enemy
now exhibited much disorder, and, taking advantage of this circumstance, I advanced my right and center with a view of obtaining
a position behind a stone wall, about 160 yards in advance, and which the enemy was endeavoring to reach. While advancing, the
rear columns of the enemy pressed forward to the support of the advance, who rallied and again advanced. This time our single
line was forced back a short distance by the heavy columns of the enemy. In this manner for the space of one and a half
hours did we advance and retire, both parties endeavoring to gain possession of the stone wall."
"Our men, now much exhausted and nearly destitute of ammunition, were relieved by a portion of the Second and Fifth Corps,
when we retired and bivouacked for the night."
General Ward would later speak with respect and pride of the many officers he lost this day.
"The One hundred and Twenty-fourth New York lost its colonel and major (both shot through the head). Col. A. Van Horne
Ellis was one of those dashing and chivalrous spirits that we frequently read of, but seldom encounter in real life. He fell
while gallantly leading his men in a charge. In this he was ably seconded by Lieutenant-Colonel Cummins and Major Cromwell,
the major falling within a few seconds of the colonel, and the lieutenant-colonel being severely wounded."
He would add,
"The number of effective men in the brigade when they engaged the enemy was not 1,500" lamenting
"the total loss in my brigade was 46 officers and 712 enlisted men."


text:
Kerry Properties to launch Wong Tai Sin flats as prices keep rising
Kerry Properties plans to start launching its 968-unit residential development Lions Rise in Wong Tai Sin by the Easter holidays, with an average targeted price of HK$12,000 per square foot.
Chu Ip-pui, executive director of Kerry Properties, said the company has used another of its developments, Island Crest in Sai Ying Pun, as a price reference rather than the older properties in the area.
'Flats at upper floors of Island Crest have been sold at more than HK$20,000 per sq ft,' said Chu, who said the quality of Lions Rise was comparable to Island Crest.
'We are confident in the project as it is the first new major development to be built in Wong Tai Sin over the past decade,' said Chu. The company does not expect any new sizeable developments in Wong Tai Sin in the next decade.
Prices of many housing developments, aged about 20 years old, in Wong Tai Sin are mainly sold at around HK$3,500 per sq ft to HK$5,500 per sq ft.
Chu expects to obtain pre-sale consent from the government in the next two weeks. 'We hope to launch the project by Easter and the property will be sold in phases.'
The development comprises five towers providing 968 units, with most of the apartments offering three or more bedrooms.
Lions Rise has 140,000 sq ft of club facilities and landscaped gardens, and is next to the Wong Tai Sin MTR station. The project is expected to be completed by the end of this year, while the handover will start in the third quarter of next year.
In the face of a number of residential developments being sold in the coming weeks, Chu said these projects together comprise a total of more than 3,000 flats.
Chu said home prices in the city are generally quite high. 'But there is demand for flats in the market,' he said.
Meanwhile, Cheung Kong (Holdings) announced the price list of its 734-unit Uptown development in Yuen Long. The first batch of 108 units go on the market at an average price of about HK$5,000 per sq ft.
Another developer, Kowloon Development, yesterday said it would raise prices of the remaining units at Mount East in North Point to HK$13,000 to HK$18,000 per sq ft. This compared to the selling price of HK$11,000 per sq ft in 2010.
Lee Wee Liat, head of regional research at Samsung Securities (Asia) said: 'We expect a divergence in sales performance as six new primary launches are set to hit the market over the Easter holidays and the May 1 'golden week'. We are more optimistic on projects with flexible pricing and offerings, while remaining cautious on those that are aggressively priced.'
Kerry Properties is part of the Kerry Group, the controlling shareholder of SCMP Group, which publishes the South China Morning Post.
Most Popular
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New York City's Chrysler Building is one of the most recognizable icons of its time due to the quintessential Art Deco architecture. The building's stunning features served as an inspiration for the Obsidian shawl.
The building's upper tier with its unique arches inspired me to create a lace pattern that reflects these curves. I added silver-lined crystal beads throughout the design; these not only mimic the reflective quality of the building's steel-plated shapes, but are also in keeping with the era's love of all things ornate and decorative (2000 8/0 3.0mm seed beads).
This shawl is worked in one piece starting with the lace border along the bottom edge; it is shaped into a crescent with easy stockinette short rows (no wraps). While the lace pattern may seem intricate, it uses only basic stitches and the reverse rows are simply purled.
The Obsidian pattern is now available as Ravelry download.
This pattern was originally published as part of The Woolen Rabbit Yarn Club in August 2013.
8 Sept 2013 - the original club installment pdf has an error in the chart: Row 41, stitch #3 (counting from the right edge) should be k2tog, not k.
Questions or comments about my designs?
Interested in KALs & MKALs?
Please join Susanna IC group on Ravelry:


text:
About Sales, Inc. Welcomes Paradigm Homes to Atlanta
Archive Page - Links and Images have been removed.
About Sales, Inc., a real estate sales and marketing firm, is excited to welcome Paradigm Homes to Atlanta. The company, a partnership between Winchester Homebuilders and Faircloth Homes of Augusta, will offer new homes in Gwinnett County next year.
Winchester Homebuilders was established in 2006 by T.J. Washburn and offers quality built and energy-efficient homes for first time home buyers, retirees looking to downsize and move-up buyers wanting space to grow. With a portfolio of over 40 floor plans, various elevations, upgrades and material selections, no two homes are ever alike. Most communities include amenity packages with swimming pools, playgrounds and walking trails.
Currently, Winchester Homebuilders has communities in Evans, Grovetown and Martinez, Ga. and also Aiken, S.C.
Faircloth Homes has been building in the Central Savannah River Area since 2005. Owned by Eddie Faircloth, this family oriented company has a reputation of being a high quality builder offering affordable living. For instance, Faircloth Homes includes many builder upgrades in the base price of its homes, such as granite countertops, hardwood flooring in foyers and dining areas, blinds throughout the entire house and oil rubbed bronze fixtures and hardware. Additionally, the builder offers the America's Choice Home Buyers Warranty Program which provides comprehensive coverage and services for its new homes.
Faircloth Homes has a variety of floor plans in Augusta and Savannah, Ga.
Because homes sales in the Atlanta area are thriving, particularly in growing Gwinnett County, friends and competitors Washburn and Faircloth decided to join together in this next venture.
About Sales, Inc. looks forward to working with Paradigm Homes in 2014. For more information, visit www.AboutSalesInc.com.


text:
Results 1 to 2 of 2
Thread: FIU Auto Club Charity Car Show
FIU Auto Club Charity Car Show
hey guys we are having a charity car show to raise money for the Miami Children's Hospital medical research fund. We've been sponsored by ISS Forged and COR wheels and we'd love to have you guys at the show.
The show will be april 10th at the FIU main campus (11200 sw 8th street, Miami, FL 33199) it'll be on the roof of the Panther parking garage next to the new basketball stadium.
we have 2 ways to enter your cars if you guys are interested. either as a regular car at the show or enter as a show car to be entered to win our FIU Auto Club trophy.
the owners of the cars entered into the competition will be given a free catered lunch
its 5 dollars for regular entry and 10 dollars to enter into the show, and all the proceeds are donated to Miami Children's Hospital
we hope to see all you guys and your friends come out for a fun day with music, food, and cars.
if you guys want to enter your cars as display cars please RSVP
please feel free to invite as many people as possible, we want to make a nice show but more importantly we'd like to raise as much money as we can to donate. if you guys have any questions at all, you can message me back or give me a call at 305 766 6515
UPDATE: (from the other thread)
1. Da_Meister_22 ('07 e60 530i, $10)
2. E90_DriftStar ('07 e92 335i $10)
3. Papoose ('07 e92 328i $10/$5)
4. TurboSid ('08 e92 335i $10/$5)
5. Jaza45 ('08 e90 335i $10/$5)
6. Lamia2super (e92 335i $10)
7. curlysue (e90 325i, maybe)
8. nando (e90 335i, maybe)
9. Valerie (E60, 545i, $10/$5)
10. diego0414 (e90)
11. E92PAT(maybe)
12. rezmoto (M3)
13. wheeladdicts (M3, maybe)
14. CarbonFiberKreations (M3)
15. jr*rokz328 ('09 e92 328i, maybe)
To add their are about 300 spots that are already reserved


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|ReBoot Character
|Game Sprite
|First Appearance
|AndrAIa (episode)
|Riding Bikes.
|"Be careful, Sparky!"
|Voice Actor
| Andrea Libman (Young)
Sharon Alexander (Adult)
|List of ReBoot Characters.
You may also be looking for AndrAIa (episode)
- This is a Featured Article
- "You're a Game Sprite, aren't you?" -Enzo Matrix
AndrAIa is a Game Sprite and originally from the Treasure of Atlantis Game. AndrAIa is classified as an Artificially Intelligent Game Sprite, meaning that her fighting ability is dependent on her ability to problem solve. AndrAIa lived in the savage wilderness of the Games and considered herself a warrior for surviving there.
AndrAIa has spiny fingernails that will paralyze anyone she touches with them. They are capable of growing at will, and after AndrAIa grew up she was capable of firing them. Her hearing is also very well developed, hearing better than anyone in Mainframe, with the exception of the dog, Frisket. After AndrAIa grew up she also had a fin shield that grew on her forearm. It can be slightly extended when needed to block small weapons fire.
When the User downloaded AndrAIa's Game into Mainframe, Enzo Matrix was caught in it. AndrAIa took on the User on her own, and was easily disabled by the User's sub. Just as she was about to be destroyed Enzo swung in and rescued her in his sub. The two quickly became good friends. At first Enzo thought she was someone he had never met in Mainframe, he only learned near the end of the Game that she was a Game Sprite, and would leave with the Game, win or lose. AndrAIa put her back-up on Enzo's icon and helped him to win the Game. When Enzo was out of the Game, Bob touched the back-up and AndrAIa appeared in a flash of light. The Game had released her, thinking she was Enzo, ever since then she and Enzo were inseparable. AndrAIa is the first and only Game Sprite to ever leave a Game.
As a child, AndrAIa never used contractions and took everything literally. Once, when told by Phong that they should simply "sit and wait," she replied, "I will stand, if that is all right with you." She quickly learned the rules of the world outside the Game, and proved her swiftness of mind by helping to save Mainframe from Nullzilla, Megabyte, and Games.
After a Web Creature gained access to Mainframe a portal to the Web was opened over the city. AndrAIa assisted Mainframe in their war against the Web. Enzo and AndrAIa manned cannons on the Principal Office providing cover for the overwhelmed CPU Defense Force. Bob was betrayed by Megabyte during the battle and was lost in the Web. AndrAIa stood with Enzo and Dot Matrix as he swore to protect the city against the viruses as Bob had.
AndrAIa wanted to follow Enzo into the Games to defend the system, but Mouse, Dot, and Phong knew she would leave with the Game since she is a Game Sprite. Mouse managed to reformat AndrAIa's back-up into an icon by hacking into Enzo's icon and downloading rebooting codes. The back-up changed from a gold triangle to a standard icon. After this AndrAIa went into several Games with Enzo to protect the city from the User.
AndrAIa attempted to protect Enzo from Megabyte when the virus came to have Enzo deliver a message to Dot. The virus was not threatened by AndrAIa's little show of strength. It was decided that they had to seal Megabyte and Hexadecimal inside Giedi Prime with a Firewall. AndrAIa helped Enzo fight off a Game while the sender's for the wall were set up. When the Game was over they watched as the wall activated.
AndrAIa was only in Mainframe a couple months when she, Enzo, and Frisket were fighting a Game that they lost. Rather then being nullified they changed their icon's to Game Sprite Mode and the Game Cube took them with it instead of nullifying them. Everyone in Mainframe thought that they had been nullified.
AndrAIa and Enzo grew up quickly living in the Games because Game-time is accelerated, so they compiled very quickly over a short period of time. AndrAIa matured, became more beautiful and was no longer shy about how smart she was, with a good sense of humor and wit. She didn't take things as seriously as she used to, and understood the world of the Net much better. Enzo became pessimistic and suspicious of everyone, he also started calling himself Matrix, while AndrAIa became the voice of reason. The two were also in a long term relationship, and she regularity sweet talked with him when they were alone and occasionally called him Lover. They are also very confident in each other's abilities, and know the other is just fine in a fight on their own.
AndrAIa is now much taller at 5'7, toned, has an outty belly button, longer hair, mermaid features for weapons, a triton that can change into a spear, poisons nails that can grow at will, a starfish hair decoration that becomes a weapon and more jewelry. (Bracelet, arm bands, necklace, earrings and wrist cuffs.)
It took AndrAIa and Enzo a long time to find another system with ports to the Net. While they were Game hopping they helped several systems, including a Damaged System, the Spectral System, and the Satellite System.
When they finally arrived in the Desert Port System they were overjoyed to find a system with ports to the Net. AndrAIa tried to find passage out of the Net from the Search Engine Maxine. She found out the Guardians had restricted Net travel and were now operating under the new motto 'To Divide and Render'. AndrAIa and Matrix fought off a small troop of Guardians that were searching for Bob, and Matrix found out from the Prime Guardian, Turbo that the Super Computer and the Guardians had been infected by a super virus named Daemon.
The Web
After beating the troop of Guardians they ran into Dots old friend, The Crimson Binome, now a fugitive. His crew had been imprisoned for unauthorized Net travel, and his ship, the Saucy Mare, had been impounded in the systems warf. Matrix and AndrAIa helped break the crew out of prison, along with a surfer named Ray Tracer. Then they stole the Saucy Mare and sailed for the Edge of Beyond where they could create a portal to the Web and find Bob. Matrix became extremely jealous of the flirting Ray was giving AndrAIa.
While installing web shields on the Saucy Mare, AndrAIa was hurt by a baby Web Creature. The creature stole part of her code and energy, as a result she was partially erased, and slipped into a comatose state. They followed the creature into the Web and tried to take back the part of her code that it stole.
AndrAIa lay dying in a cabin of the Saucy Mare while the crew chased a pod of Web Creatures that the baby had joined up with. Ray Tracer and Matrix made several attempts to retrieve AndrAIa's lost code, but eventually failed, losing track of the web creature. Attempting to relocate the creature was canceled when the Web Riders attacked the ship. They almost lost the fight, but Bob turned out to be one of them and called off the attack and used his code to save AndrAIa's life.
With AndrAIa well, and Bob found, the Saucy Mare sailed for the Web Address of Mainframe. The ship was attacked by several traps that had been laid by Mouse to protect the location. The engines went off line and the sails were destroyed using them to get close to the tear leading to Mainframe. They were separated from Ray Tracer and the Web Riders when they were clearing pixels from the hull that were breaking it down. AndrAIa managed to get the engine's back online at 10% power. To save the ship and get them home Bob joined with Glitch and stabilized the tear into a portal. AndrAIa and Matrix watched in wonder as they finally returned home.
System Crash
After returning to Mainframe they found that the city had not fared well during the war. Hexadecimal had destroyed the firewall and Megabyte had managed to take over the Principal Office. Dot and Mouse were now leading a rebellion against the rallying force of what was now Megaframe. With the pirates help they destroyed the remaining ABCs defending the Principal Office and the rebellion stormed the building. AndrAIa, Matrix, and Mouse spearheaded the attack, managing to take out the outer viral defenses. While Matrix fought with Megabyte AndrAIa attempted to free Phong before portal codes could be extracted from him. She failed and Megabyte downloaded the codes. Mouse managed to hack into the portal and reroute it to the Web, and Megabyte was gone.
Mainframe had been so damaged by the war that the system began to crash. AndrAIa helped to evacuate the city's inhabitants to the Principal Office. AndrAIa found Megabyte's bike and used it to take people to the Principal Office, commenting it was a very nice bike. Undeleted RAM was released into the city because of instabilities in the system. Old User forms materialized and began attacking people. AndrAIa was on her way to the Principal Office when she was chased by a User. She managed to fight it off, and was rescued from another by Captain Capacitor and his crew.
The city's leaders were unable to fix the damage to the system and Bob suggested they let a Game Cube damage the city so the city would crash, hoping it would force a restart. They reluctantly agreed, and made sure all active PIDs were scanned into the data base. AndrAIa held onto Enzo as the city crashed and the system went dark. The User restarted the system and restored the city, AndrAIa was backed up with everyone else and restored when the city came back online.
Net War
As the Super Virus Daemon's infection grew Mainframe was forced to go to war against the Super Computer. AndrAIa and Matrix carried out campaigns against the infected Guardians. They used portals created by Bob to enter and leave the system. During one mission they were followed back to Mainframe and the Guardians opened the system to the Net and destroyed their Control Tower. With Hexadecimal's help they fought back the Guardian Armada and Mouse resealed the system using a firewall.
After this Matrix and AndrAIa would go to systems opened by the guardians and reseal them using firewalls. Daemon was alerted to this and issued orders to have the pair captured and brought to her. The Guardians set a trap for AndrAIa and Matrix in the Desert Port System by making it look like the systems port was offline. When they entered the system the Guardians sealed it so that they couldn't escape. AndrAIa and Matrix fought until they had no more ammunition and then hid in a warehouse. Inside they found two Exoskeleton Suits, which they used to take on the guardians hand to hand until the portal would arrive. Daemon sent a Zoom Room to retrieve them, which arrived just as the portal did. AndrAIa pushed Matrix to safety, but was caught by the zoom room herself.
AndrAIa was instantly transported to the Super Computer where Daemon greeted her. AndrAIa tried to crush the virus with the arm of her exo-suit, but Daemon was able to stop it with a finger and easily infected the little game sprite. AndrAIa spent the rest of the war with Daemon, telling her all about Mainframe. The virus was particularly interested in AndrAIa's relationship with Matrix, and the concept of love.
Matrix and Mouse came to the Super Computer to rescue AndrAIa, and to assassinate Daemon. When they arrived all their efforts failed, and Daemon infected them as well. She then asked Mouse to remove the firewall protecting Mainframe. Once Daemon had infected the system she returned AndrAIa, Matrix, and Mouse to they city. She then asked Bob to create portals to infect the rest of the Net. Little Enzo found that the cure for the infection was a pure guardian code. By using Matrix's icon everyone was cured, and Hexadecimal attacked Daemon to protect the system. Daemon initiated a countdown for the Net's destruction, and Hexadecimal took the cure and infected the entire Net with it, saving everyone's lives.
The Return
Everyone in Mainframe was very confused when a second Bob arrived in the city. AndrAIa attempted to keep the first Bob's spirits up by taking him and Little Enzo to Al's Wait & Eat to get an Energy Shake.
As the second Bob and Dot grew closer, the first Bob became depressed and jealous. He began trying several ways to separate himself from Glitch. Bob's final attempt encased himself in an impenetrable black coating. While medical personnel were summoned, AndrAIa tried to sedate Bob using her paralyzing finger nails. The coating broke her fingernail when she tried to penetrate it.
Dot and the second Bob got engaged to be married. AndrAIa and Mouse were picked to serve as bridesmaids for the wedding. AndrAIa was very excited for them. During the wedding the first Bob was freed from his coating by the returned Key Tools. They separated Glitch from Bob, and he returned to Mainframe in time to stop the wedding. Dot choose to stay with the second Bob, so the first went to leave, when Glitch went to the second Bob, took some code, and returned it to the first Bob. With the code, the first Bob reverted to his original look and uniform, and the second began to distort, and changed into Megabyte.
Mouse and Matrix hadn't brought their weapons to the wedding, so AndrAIa said she would fight him with her natural defenses, but Bob wanted to take him. The Guardian and Virus fought, and destroyed the chapel. Megabyte managed to escape and Bob found that the virus was upgraded into a Trojan horse virus.
AndrAIa took part in a plan to capture Megabyte where a fake Gateway Command was transferred to the Archives. Megabyte's viral troops captured it, and took it back to Giedi Prime. There a CPU force lead by Bob, Matrix, and AndrAIa attacked, capturing Megabyte.
Back at the Principal Office the captive Megabyte was found to be an alias, the real one was hiding as Frisket in the War Room. Megabyte attacked everyone there, many were infected, some were able to escape. AndrAIa grabbed Mouse and the two ran out of the main door. Megabyte moved to attack them, but Phong jumped in between the virus and the sprites, injuring himself, but allowing the pair to escape. Megabyte took over the War Room and locked down the Principal Office, trapping everyone, including AndrAIa inside.
AndrAIa guarded Mouse while she attempted to crack Megabyte's codes in the computer, but she was unsuccessful. Megabyte then informed everyone there that he was not there for conquest, but for revenge, warning them to prepare themselves for the hunt.
Matrix's Dream
In a dream Matrix had after being struck on the head by a golf ball, AndrAIa reboots into Hexadecimal. She takes to her character a little too well, seeming to enjoy all the chaos she can do and feeling more in tune to her emotions as she switched between them.
Comic (Non-Canon)
AndrAIa helped with the evacuation of Mainframe and helping Matrix.
- The AI in her name is capitalized, because her name is a reference to Artificial Intelligence.
- When Bob was lost in the Web and Enzo replaced him as Guardian, AndrAIa once used Enzo's habit of tackling as a greeting.
- AndrAIa has an attraction to motorcycles, where most of the time she will ReBoot into a Biker Babe. Leading Matrix to ask "what is with you and bikes?"
- In the Film Daemon Rising, it is revealed that she always knew Enzo wasn't a guardian, but overlooked this since she was already in love with him. As he was trying to "impress the girl".
Related Pages
Pages relating to AndrAIa are the following:
• Enzo Matrix • Game Sprite
• AndrAIa (episode) • AndrAIa's Combat Bike • Matrix's Combat Bike
• Andrea Libman • Sharon Alexander


text:
General Motors saw its net profit fall nearly 70 percent year-on-year in the first quarter, as another loss in Europe put a dent in the US automaker's bottom line.
Net profit for the first three months of the year stood at $1 billion, down from $3.2 billion a year earlier, but it still managed to beat analysts' expectations, Detroit Free Press reported.
According to Forbes, GM made 93 cents a share excluding a goodwill writedown. Analysts had forecast 85 cents a share on that basis.
GM posted a $256 million loss in debt crisis-hit Europe, which was better than $562 million loss recorded in the fourth quarter of last year.
But chief financial officer Daniel Ammann said it was "too hard to say" whether the worst for Europe was over, according to the New York Times.
"It's really a function of the overall economic environment there," Ammann told reporters at GM's headquarters in Detroit.
"We've been taking action on the cost side of the business, but there's still a long way to go."
More from GlobalPost: GM and Peugeot announce alliance
GM fared much better in its home market. US earnings before interest and taxes rose to $1.7 billion in the first quarter, up from $1.3 billion a year earlier, according to CNNMoney.
According to the Wall Street Journal, GM's domestic sales rose 2.7 percent in the first quarter but its market share dropped nearly 2 percentage points as its rivals posted bigger sales gains.
More from GlobalPost: Auto sales in March: Detroit roars again


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AUCTION: SAT, OCT 29 @ 9:30 AM. 99+ ACRES CLOSE TO ASHLAND ~ 3 PARCELS!!! 99.5868 acre farm offers frontage on both St Rt 511 & Co Rd 1600. The farm offers approx 50+/- acres tillable, an approx 10+/- acre pond, several outbuildings & plenty of wooded acreage. The farm will be offered in 3 parcels & as a whole, the highest bids will be submitted to the executors for their final approval. PARCEL 1 is 69.9 acres with a 4696 Sq Ft raised ranch home offering 3 BRs, 3 full BAs, finished lower level, 2 car att garage, enclosed pool, pond, pole building & much more. Mixture of tillable, woods & pasture. PARCEL 2 is 23.1 acres, nearly all tillable. PARCEL 3 is 6.6 acres, huge pole building, some woods & tillable. TERMS & CONDITIONS: 10% down day of auction & balance within 30 days. For further terms & conditions please check our website, pick up a flyer on location, contact the office or call Bill Stepp. Real estate will be offered at 9:30 AM with personal property to follow. Personal Property: Several vehicles, farm equipment, tools, motorcycle, lots of restaurant equipment & much more. Keep checking website for more info & photos.
Situated just outside of Lexington, Ohio — Pebble Creek Golf Club was designed by Dick Laconte & William Mitchell, & opened in 1972. The 18-hole, par 72, golf course plays over 6,600 yards & extends over 152 acres. The course boasts rolling hills with hundreds of mature trees, bent grass greens, tees, & fairways, over 30 sand traps, & a full driving range. With two lakes & water on 10 of the 18 holes, Pebble Creek is a challenge to any level of golfer. It's a premier golf course that has hosted numerous state championships & was voted "Best Public Golf Course in North Central Ohio". In conjunction with the course, a contiguous 64+/-acre farm tract is also being auctioned. Pebble Creek is being auctioned as a "turn key" operation & will include land, buildings, & all personal property (including the beer & liquor licenses). TERMS & CONDITIONS: 10% down day of auction with balance within 30 days. For more information please see our website, contact our office or call Nate Neal at 419-571-2276 or Bill Stepp at 419-281-2122


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10 lbs. A specialty candle blend designed for the manufacture of molded scented pillar candles. Melting Point: 145 deg.F (63 deg.C) • Controlled batch consistency.
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DAYTON, Ohio (AP) -- A coroner's office says 14 families have claimed some of the cremated remains found at a southwest Ohio home that was under foreclosure and co-owned by a former funeral home director.
Director Ken Betz of the Montgomery County Coroner's Office said Tuesday that some families came forward and officials contacted others after the remains were found earlier this month.
Dayton police said labeled boxes containing the cremated remains of 56 people were stored in a closet. They were the same remains a state regulatory agency found last year at a funeral home that is now closed.
Betz says officials are cross-referencing information to find and notify next of kin.
He says two cemeteries have offered to provide a crypt for any of the remains that go unclaimed.


text: OverviewBack to top Indigo Wild - Zum Rub Moisturizer Frankincense & Myrrh - 2.5 oz. Item# :132252UPC# :663204216013 Brand:Indigo Wild Size/Form:2.50 oz. Ship Weight:0.20 Indigo Wild - Zum Rub Moisturizer Frankincense & Myrrh - 2.5 oz. (71g) Indigo Wild Zum Rub Moisturizer Frankincense & Myrrh deep moisturizing goat's milk and shea butter salve with Zum Rub Moisturizer. Rub Zum Rub Goat's Milk & Shea Butter Moisturizer on elbows, frizzy hairs, lips, heels, cuticles, tattoos, anywhere that's dry, damaged, or where your body needs it moist. And wherever you rub it, you'll always finish with a happy mending. Frankincense & Myrrh pair up for a classic reunion of dark, dreamy, deep, woodsy, and sweet that overflows from head to toe. Frequently Asked Questions Does Indigo Wild test their products on animals?They do not test their products on animals. They love to test them on themselves and their friends and family. Are Indigo Wild products vegetarian?All Zum products are vegetarian. Do they have any vegan products?All Zum Products are Vegan, Except Zum Bars (Goat's Milk), Zum Kisses (Honey), & Zum Rub (Goat's Milk). Are Indigo Wild products gluten-free?All Zum products are gluten free except Zum Body lotions (oat bran extract) and Oatmeal-Lavender Zum Bar (oatmeal). Rosemary extract is gluten free and contains soy. About Indigo WildTheir people were born to be Indigo Wild. And - guilty as charged - every one of them is a true nature's child. They've banded together to thump and bump the rock and soul into every batch of Zum Bars, Glows, Rubs, Kisses, and more. Individually, their peeps are virtuosos who are oh-so major to helping the ingredients sing. But together, they're fusicians who ensure the holistic is always greater than the Zum of its parts. They make Indigo Wild's stuff rock, balancing the rhythm that forms the backbone: Goat's milk, soy wax, jojoba oil, shea butter, argan oil, dragon's blood. They add stuff like meadowfoam seed oil, rosehip oil, and botanical extracts for bass vibes you can feel. Then they bring out the 100% pure essential oils to lay down a melody that hits the high notes. Causes Indigo Wild supportsHere at Indigo Wild, they love dogs and hate breast cancer. Many of their own pups are rescues, and they are active in Kansas City Sheltie Rescue. They like Zum Mutts and they cannot lie. Small ones, big ones, fat ones, skinny ones. Old, young, hairy, bald mutts and pure breeds. Their place runneth over with the dogs they love, and that's why we they have teamed up with Kansas City Sheltie Rescue. For each Y.U.M. Bar sold, they donate $1.00 to Kansas City Sheltie Rescue, a non-profit Sheltie Rescue Corporation that rescues and searches for great "fur-ever" homes for Shelties in the Greater Kansas City area. They also have some cancer fighters in their ranks, and they're working with some great local charities to support cancer warriors. The Betsy line is named in honor of our own Zum Chick, Besty Medina, who Van Dammed cancer more than 14 years ago. Today she is cancer free, but thousands of people still need our support. They've created the Betsy line to give back to both breast cancer patients and survivors. $1.00 for every Betsy Bar sold is donated to Turning Point: The Center for Hope and Healing, a program that provides empowerment and transformation of the mind, body, and spirit of individuals living with serious or chronic illnesses. 25% of sales of every Betsy Body go to Back in the Swing, a non-profit organization that supports healthy and proactive living for breast cancer survivors.


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Family Law
Family Law Questions? Ask a Family Lawyer Online.
Thank you for your question.
The fact that you lived together does not establish a common law marriage unless you also agreed to be married and represented to others that you were married. If that is the case, you can file for divorce of the common law marriage and ask for exclusive possession of the home. Otherwise, you can evict him.
If you file an eviction and your ex tells the court that you are common law married, the court may dismiss the case and you will have to go to family court. You can try that avenue, but that is what may happen. Also, if he is physically violent at all, you can always contact the police to have him removed.
In that case, you may want to bring divorce proceedings and immediately file a motion for exclusive possession of the home, to be heard and decided by the court before the divorce is finalized.


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text:
The following is the letter the Multnomah student body sent to their brothers and sisters at New York Theological Seminary after the September 11th, 2001 attacks. The letter accompanied a banner with many handwritten notes from students on it. We pray still that those affected at NYTS will grow in their faith and rely on Jesus more during this difficult anniversary.
Posts Tagged '9/11'
September 11th – 10yrs Later, A Look Back
3 comments Written on September 12th, 2011 by Guest
Categories: General, Students
Categories: General, Students


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Arthritis & Rheumatism, Volume 62,
November 2010 Abstract Supplement
Abstracts of the American College of
Rheumatology/Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals
Annual Scientific Meeting
Atlanta, Georgia November 6-11, 2010.
Targeting Potassium Channels for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Hu2, Xueyou, Laragione4, Teresina, Sun2, Liang, Koshy2, Shyny, Jones2, Karlie R., Horrigan2, Frank T., Gulko3, Percio S.
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
Baylor College of Medicine
Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
Activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium (RA-FLS) are major players in inflammation, synovium and bone destruction, angiogenesis, and hyperplasia. However, no currently-approved therapies specifically target these cells. Potassium channels regulate cell signaling and thus a large number of functions of non-excitable cells such as fibroblasts, lymphocytes, or astrocytes. We therefore hypothesized that targeting the potassium channels expressed by RA-FLS may represent an attractive target for the treatment of RA.
We have used four complementary methods (RT-PCR, western blot, immunocytochemistry, and patch-clamp electrophysiology) to identify the potassium channels expressed by RA-FLS isolated from 5 different patients. We next used selective blockers of KCa1.1 channels (paxilline and iberiotoxin) to probe their roles on RA-FLS proliferation, invasion, and production of cytokines, chemokines, angiogenic factors, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
We have identified KCa1.1 channels (BK, Maxi-K, Slo-1) as the major potassium channels expressed by RA-FLS. Blocking KCa1.1 channels inhibited the proliferation of RA-FLS and their ability to produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL-8, and MMP-2 without inducing cytotoxicity or affecting the production of IL-6. In keeping with these data, blocking KCa1.1 channels also inhibited the invasion of RA-FLS in matrigel assays.
KCa1.1 channels play a major role in the pathogenic functions of RA-FLS. These channels are therefore attractive targets for the treatment of RA.
To cite this abstract, please use the following information:
Hu, Xueyou, Laragione, Teresina, Sun, Liang, Koshy, Shyny, Jones, Karlie R., Horrigan, Frank T., et al; Targeting Potassium Channels for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62 Suppl 10 :1128
DOI: 10.1002/art.28895


text:
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Helical Tomotherapy as a Radiotherapy Technique for Treating Bone Metastases
This study has been completed.
Alberta Health Services
Information provided by:
AHS Cancer Control Alberta
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: September 9, 2005
Last updated: December 8, 2011
Last verified: December 2011
- Full Text View
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- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
To assess the safety and efficacy of a single fraction of radiotherapy using helical tomotherapy to treat bone metastases.
|Bone Neoplasms
|Procedure: Helical tomotherapy
|Phase 1
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|Helical Tomotherapy as a Radiotherapy Technique for Treating Bone Metastases
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: Bone CancerU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by AHS Cancer Control Alberta:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- To deliver a single fraction of radiotherapy safely to patients with bone metastases using helical tomotherapy
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- To assess and quantify the acute toxicity of patients with bone metastases treated with helical tomotherapy.
- To measure invivo dosimetry and compare delivered doses to computer-reconstructed dose distribution.
- To determine the maximum tolerated does of palliative radiation give with helical tomotherapy in a single fraction.
- To assess the efficacy (pain control) of radiotherapy given with helical tomotherapy.
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|June 2001
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|July 2005
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- painful metastatic bone disease from any malignancy
Exclusion Criteria:
- previous RT to same area
- contraindications to RT
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00168129
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00168129
|Canada, Alberta
|Cross Cancer Institute
|Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Sponsors and Collaborators
Alberta Health Services
|Principal Investigator:
|Rufus Scrimger, MD
|AHS Cancer Control Alberta
More Information
Keywords provided by AHS Cancer Control Alberta:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on July 21, 2017
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00168129 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|September 9, 2005
|Last Updated:
|December 8, 2011
Keywords provided by AHS Cancer Control Alberta:
bone metastases
intensity modulated
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Neoplasm Metastasis
Bone Neoplasms
Neoplastic Processes
Pathologic Processes
Neoplasms by Site
Bone Diseases
Musculoskeletal Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on July 21, 2017


text:
Hi all,
I am trying to call a service in message broker through worklihgt http adapter.Here according to the broker pattern I have to give json data as input. But I am getting an error like "Json parsing error" at the broker end.
Any suggestions.
Thanks in advance..
venkatakrishnarao 2700055A4R
10 Posts
Pinned topic RESTful services with Worklight
Answered question This question has been answered.
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text:
A Justice Site
Mirror Sites:
CSUDH - Habermas - UWP - Archives
California State University, Dominguez Hills
University of Wisconsin, Parkside
Soka University Japan - Transcend Art and Peace
Created: August 18, 2000
Latest update: March 10, 2001; August 11, 2003
Editor's Note: This paper was presented at the session "Theoretical Integration: Across Levels and Disciplines" at the 1997 meetings of the American Society of Criminology, San Diego, November 21.
In criminology, the phrase "theoretical integration" is associated with bold theoretical statements that attempt to reformulate the best known theories in our field (e.g. Elliott, Ageton, and Canter, 1979; Thornberry, 1987); and also with high level debate about the best approach to developing criminological theory (e.g., Bernard, 1996; Messner, Krohn, & Liska, 1989). In this light, my aims are quite modest. I want to argue for one simple point about integrated theories, and then I am going to use that point as an excuse for some observations about the importance of interdisciplinary work for criminology and criminal justice research. I am not going to propose a theory, or describe any work of my own. Rather, this discussion is intended to prod the field, and of course myself, to consider how we should approach our work. In the end, I want to off some pragmatic suggestions about mundane matters such as what journals we read, what conferences we attend, requirements of our graduate programs, and what is included in our textbooks.
The title of my essay is "Interdisciplinary Integration: Building Criminology by Stealing from Our Friends," and this is essentially my version of the interdisciplinary theme President Jim Short chose for the 1997 conference--which is "Crossing Boundaries and Building Bridges." I am going to try to convince you that it is best for criminology if many of us make a regular practice of academic thievery by keeping our eyes on sister disciplines to see what ideas would be useful to take for ourselves. Fortunately, in the academic world there are no sanctions against this kind of theft, as long as we cite our sources. For every type of variable considered a potential source of crime--whether it be family, community, brain chemistry, organizational structure, or labor market--there is some other group of scholars who take that topic as their primary focus. For every aspect of the criminal justice system that we find of interest, there are scholars who study comparable problems in other settings. I believe that one of the best ways to find new insights that will help build our field is for criminologists to steal ideas from these fields and bring them back to the rest of us. I am also going to suggest that we should balance our thievery with charity, by giving our own riches away to other fields whenever we have the chance.
Criminology is an inherently interdisciplinary field. There is no limit to the list of disciplinary perspectives from which one could study crime and the social institutions that address crime. There has been tremendous growth and change in criminology in the last twenty years, and one aspect of that change is our relationship to other fields of study. Specialty journals and doctoral programs in criminology are now commonplace where once they were rare. There is much that is positive about his growth, especially the increasing sophistication of the field. Yet I am especially concerned with one potential cost, namely, insularity.
Twenty years ago almost every criminologist had doctoral level training in a traditional discipline, such as sociology, psychology, political science, or economics. Now an increasing share of our new Ph.D.s are trained in departments or schools solely dedicated to the study of crime and justice. Compared to the traditional disciplines, specialized programs can offer more intensive training specific to crime and justice. Yet for that same reason specialty programs are not an especially good place to learn about anything other than criminology. That means that we run the risk of a kind of new kind of insularity in which criminology can become isolated from the disciplines from which it sprang. To fight against that insularity we need to keep an active flow of ideas to and from other fields by having many criminologists involved in those fields.
Let me turn to integrated theories of crime and delinquency to illustrate my point. As is clear from Bernard and Snipes (1996) recent review, there is now a long list of integrated theories in criminology, and they are quite diverse. I'm going to focus initially on the kind of integrated theory that I think of as most common, and these are the integrations that are reformulations of prior theories. These begin with the first integrated theory from Del Elliott and his colleagues (Elliott et al., 1979; Elliott, Huizinga, and Ageton, 1985) and also include the theoretical statements by Thornberry (1987), Pearson and Weiner (1985), and Edwards (1992). These theorists address the interplay of variables associated with well established theories such as strain, social control, and social learning: They propose combining the theories for greater explanatory power; they address the influences among variables associated with different theories; they challenge the presumed causal ordering of previous theories; they reinterpret relationships as predictable from one theory rather than another, and so on.
In other words, these integrated theories offer new positions on issues that criminologists have already thought about and studied a lot. My interest is in something these integrations do not offer, namely new topics that criminologists weren't studying before. I definitely do not mean to say that the integration of established theories is a worthless enterprise. These theories concern those variables that decades of theory and research have identified as highly relevant to crime and delinquency; so sorting out the meaning, strength, and direction of the relationships among these variables is certainly an appropriate task.
Yet as much as these efforts illustrate the growing sophistication of research on core topics in our field, they also illustrate the tendency toward insularity. These integrated theoretical positions focus exclusively on variables that criminologists were already studying, such as attachment to parents, aspirations for conventional goals, and peers' delinquency. If we ask what kind of research follows from these theories, the answer is surely: more of the same kind of research we were already doing. We may have a more complex statistical model, we may have separated some reciprocal relationships, and we may have explained a bit more variance. But we are still juggling the same set of very well established "bivariate facts."
There are many things we may ask of theories, such as consistency with the facts, logical coherence, falsifiability, and conceptual definitions suitable for research. These are all well and good, but I am concerned with another feature of theories that I think is the most critical for their value to the field: Does the theory lead to new avenues of research? Does it inspire researchers to collect data that they would not otherwise have collected and thereby generate findings about new topics? Does it lead to genuinely new knowledge, not just refinement of current knowledge? Because this type of integration looks only inward to what criminology already is, it offers us little in this regard.
I contend that what would be most useful for building criminology is outside influence. This will occur when criminologists who are well informed about our own field find good ideas from other fields of study and integrate those ideas into new theories, or at least new lines of research.
Let me give you an illustration of what I mean. Parent and peer influence are two of the most popular elements in theories of delinquency, and they appear in most of the integrated theories, typically citing Hirschi (1969), Akers (1977, Burgess & Akers, 1966), and Sutherland (Sutherland & Cressey, 1955) . Though there have been many studies since those classic works, as far as I can tell the basic conceptions of parental and peer influence in criminology have remained largely unchanged for a couple of decades.
Not surprisingly, parent and peer influence are important topics in many other fields of study as well, such as academic achievement, political attitudes, mental health, and so on. Parent and peer influence are especially fundamental topics in the field of child development, and the study of adolescence is one of the most active specialties in child development today. I often attend the meetings of the Society for Research on Adolescence, which is the professional organization of this group. My wife is a developmental psychologist, and I first went accompanying her—thinking that there might be a few sessions where I could learn something useful, but mainly figuring that I could play most of the time she worked. In recent years she has complained that there are more sessions of interest to me at these meetings than there are to her. I think she is right. A substantial share of the research presented at the adolescence meetings concerns delinquency and drug use.
I see few criminologists at those meetings, but I hear about a lot of research that is very relevant to criminology. The contrast in research presented there and at the criminology meetings is instructive. Most of this research fails to meet some research standards in criminology, such as using small non-representative samples, including trivial items in measures of delinquency, and failing to control for well established correlates of crime. At the same time, I've learned that few studies in our field would past muster in theirs. For instance, developmental researchers expect multiple sources of measurement for key concepts. Certainly the study of parent and peer influence would require either observational data or independent reports from the parents and peers. Our practice of relying on reports of a single respondent for measures of all variables would be highly suspect.
These methodological differences can challenge us to improve our own work. It is even more interesting that the body of assumptions, concepts, and "established facts" that these researchers bring to their work is often different from our own. For instance, developmentalists have looked at peer relations and delinquency from a very different angle. We long ago established that delinquency is typically group behavior, and we are especially concerned with the impact of peer group norms. Developmentalists work from a tradition of interest in the development of peer relations, and there is [a] strong current of work focusing on acceptance and rejection by one's peers. Where criminologists have asked "who are your friends and what do they do?", developmentalists have asked "who in this school is well liked and who is rejected or ignored?" A core finding of the developmentalists is that children who are not accepted by their peers are much more likely to become delinquent. How does this square with the social nature of delinquency and the prominence of criminological theories that portray delinquency as something you catch from your friends? I don't know, but I think that criminologists could do some interesting theoretical and empirical work figuring it out. Doing so would bring something new to criminology because it involves issues that aren't part of the same old set of theories we've been tossing around for well over twenty years. Someone should go steal from these folks!
Of course, what I'm proposing is nothing new. In fact, it's easy to make the case that the most influential work in criminology has usually involved importing ideas from other fields, developing novel applications to crime and justice. Sutherland's differential association theory (Sutherland & Cressey, 1955) clearly bears a heavy debt to George Herbert Mead's original version of symbolic interactionism (1934), and Burgess and Akers (1966) used the logical framework of the psychology of operant conditioning to reformulate Sutherland's theory as differential learning. Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory borrowed wholesale from the work on social ecology and urbanization by others in the Chicago school such as Thomas and Znaniecki (1958 [1927]) and Burgess (1925). All scholars stand on the shoulders of others. To make a silly analogy, my point is that criminology will be better off if we don't all stand on the same shoulders. The biggest advances have come when someone found some new shoulders to stand on.
This tradition of cross-specialty integration continues today as well. Temi Moffitt's (1993) typological theory has been very successful at spurring new research because it so articulately weaves together themes from the study of psychopathology, neuropsychology, life-course study of personality, and (yes) traditional criminology. John Hagan's power control theory (Hagan, Gillis, & Simpson, 1985) has spawned a new line of research connecting interpersonal relationships at the workplace and in the home to delinquency by drawing on feminist theory of patriarchy and new conceptions of class from the study of stratification. Frank Cullen's (1994) social support theory views crime from the perspective of one of the most highly developed approaches to the study of stress, coping, and mental health. These three theorists show us a different version of integrated theory--one that combines current criminological theory with ideas from other fields.
Will the data support these recent theories? Only time will tell. Even if each proves false, however, all will have made important contributions to criminology. Because they ask new questions, the answers will be new criminological knowledge, even if those answers are not the ones the theorists predicted.
So how do we cross these disciplinary or specialty boundaries? Or as I've been putting it, how do we learn to steal from our friends? It don't think it is really all that hard. I'm going to spend most of the time I have left giving you a few concrete suggestions.
One possibility is to engage in a bit of differential association, that is, to make some friends in related disciplines and hang around with them. My own main forays into this sort of integration have been a couple of papers on biology and crime (Rowe & Osgood, 1984; Booth & Osgood, 1993). Sociologist friends sometimes wonder how I ever came to engage in such disreputable behavior, and I provide the explanation that is always so popular with delinquents--I just didn't want to let down my friends. David Rowe and I have been pals since graduate school, and our criminological interests had always been quite different. David would try to convince me of the important contribution of genetics, and gradually my skepticism evolved into some fruitful conversations. We came to realize that at least some sociological theories of crime provided good accounts of how social processes would connect genetically based variation in domains such as temperament with later delinquency in adolescence. As David was writing up one of his behavioral genetic studies of crime, he decided that our discussions would make a good basis for an introduction for a paper of broader interest to social scientists. He invited me to be a co-author, and we wrote a paper that neither of us could have produced alone, especially as junior professors (Rowe and Osgood, 1984). A paper on testosterone with Alan Booth evolved in essentially the same way (Booth and Osgood, 1993). Thus, my first suggestion about how to cross disciplinary boundaries is to take an active interest in the work of colleagues who know something you don't. It's likely that you know things that they don't as well.
My second suggestion is to keep an eye out for other academic specialties that study your topic from a different tradition. Whatever you study, some group other than criminologists studies it to. For me, this group has been developmentalists, but there is no end to the list of possibilities. If you study justice system decision-making, then you would probably be interested in the work of decision researchers found in psychology departments and business schools. If you study communities and crime, then you might get interesting ideas from community scholars in sociology, rural sociology, and political science. There is no end to the list of possibilities.
Once you find a relevant niche, there are a couple of simple things you can do to draw on the knowledge of that area. First, keep track of a few of the best journals in that field. I've found that a small investment of time in scanning the tables of contents of a few journals has led me to a handful of articles that have influenced my work a great deal. Second, go to conferences in that specialty now and then. Not only will you meet new people and learn about interesting work, but you are also likely to find that knowledge you take for granted as a criminologist is new and interesting to someone else.
Another way that we can promote the cross-fertilization I have in mind is through our graduate training. Having reached the point where doctoral programs in crime and criminal justice are common, we run the risk of insularity because many graduates will have backgrounds only in the study of crime and justice. Yes, there is an advantage in specialization, where students can gain more extensive training in criminology. But the field will not grow unless criminologists have outside expertise as well. In Penn State's Crime, Law, and Justice Program we have decided that the solution is to require doctoral students to formulate an additional specialization consisting of twelve hours of graduate course work outside of our program. These courses must comprise a coherent whole that is relevant to the students' interests in crime and justice. We are fortunate to be at a fine university where there are strong programs in many relevant areas, such as human development, family studies, organizational theory, demography, geography, economics, statistics, and so forth. We believe that students who receive training that combines in-depth study of criminology with an additional specialty will be best prepared to move criminology forward in the future.
A final avenue I have in mind for importing outside work into criminology is through the dissemination of knowledge, particularly through journals and textbooks. We can encourage friends in other specialties to send their work to our journals whenever it would fit. When acting as reviewers and editors, we can try to be open to the work of "outsiders" by valuing ideas that are novel to us and methodological strengths that aren't common in criminological work. That also means holding back on the tendency to judge harshly when authors fail to cite the work that first comes to our minds as relevant and when some of our usual methodological standards aren't met.
I also would like to see textbooks play an active role in expanding the bounds of criminology. (Yes, I think that's pretty unlikely myself, but it would be a good idea.) Text book authors could do a great service by bringing in relevant work from allied disciplines, such as incorporating pertinent developmental research in delinquency textbooks. In some cases, our texts define the field to be much narrower than it really is, as evidenced by the program of the ASC meetings. For instance, in teaching juvenile justice, I find that the texts would lead one to think that the latest word on programs to treat or prevent delinquency are the diversion and scared straight programs of the 1970's. The standard repertoire of programs reviewed stresses classics such as the Silverlake and Provo studies and the Chicago Area Projects, from the 1940's to 1960's. Rarely do we find mention of program related research by current leaders in the field such as Patterson, Hawkins, Catalano, Tolan, Guerra, Barton, and Mulvey--even though many of these folks are active participants in ASC. I suppose that the difference is that older programs were closely associated with sociological criminology, while the current work is by cross-over specialists housed in departments such as psychology and social work. Our students need to learn about this new work, and we who teach the courses need to learn about it too. If we do not bring relevant work by others into criminology, then we run the risk that our own work will become irrelevant and that policy makers and funding sources will not see criminology as having anything to say on the topic.
I am going to finish by emphasizing another potential advantage of crossing the boundaries of disciplines or specialties, which is that it can be good for our reputations, both individually and as a field. This is what I had in mind by balancing our thievery from other fields with the charity of giving criminology away. We criminologists do some pretty good work. We have an extensive body of knowledge, a set of interesting and coherent theories, and a large bag of methodological and statistical tools. We can spread the word about our accomplishments by publishing some of our work in relevant journals of other specialties and by presenting at their conferences.
Let me tell you a story about an occasion where I was especially proud to be able to call myself a criminologist. It was a meeting of the Society of Research on Child Development, about five or seven years ago. This is the major biennial conference of all developmentalists, which boasts an average attendance of about 8,000. The setting was a large ballroom, stuffed with an audience of several hundred for a session on community context and adolescent development, and the panel included several leaders in the study of adolescence. The chair introduced the session noting that developmentalists had first recognized the importance of community context in the 1970's, that plans for the first major studies had been made several years before the conference, and here at last we would learn of the very first findings. The first speaker was not a developmentalist, however, but rather our own Rob Sampson. Rob led off by describing the relevance of Thrasher's work from the 1920's and Shaw and McKay's from the 1930's, proceeding to tie his own findings into this rich tradition of theory and research that is so central to our field. The other panel members presented some interesting work, but it wasn't very sophisticated, and it suffered from a lack of theory about community level variables. Criminology had been there already, and it was nice that one of us was on the scene to help out our friends.
So I invite you to join me in this challenge of being the kind of criminologist who is something else too--to try out this version of theft combined with charity. It has great potential both for enriching your own work and for invigorating and promoting our field.
Wayne Osgood is a Professor in the Crime, Law, and Justice Program of the Department of Sociology at Penn State University. He has conducted research on topics such as criminal careers, age and crime, peer influence, and juvenile justice evaluation. Though he is really a criminologist, he sometimes passes himself off as a sociologist, psychologist, developmentalist, or methodologist.
Akers, Ronald L. 1977. Deviant Behavior: A Social Learning Perspective. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Bernard, Thomas J., and Jeffrey B. Snipes. 1996. "Theoretical Integration in Criminology." In Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, vol. 20, edited by M Tonry, p. 301-348. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Booth, Alan, and D. Wayne Osgood. 1993. "The Influence of Testosterone on Deviance in Adulthood: Assessing and Explaining the Relationship." Criminology 31:93-117.
Burgess, Robert L., and Ronald L. Akers. 1966. A differential association-reinforcement theory of criminal behavior. Social Problems 14:128-147.
Burgess, Ernest W. 1925. "The Growth of the City." In Robert E. Park, Ernest W. Burgess, and Roderick D. McKenzie (eds.), The City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cullen, Francis T. 1994. "Social Support as an Organizing Concept for Criminology: Presidential Address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences." Justice Quarterly 11: 527-559.
Edwards, Willie J. 1992. "Predicting Juvenile Delinquency." Justice Quarterly 9: 553-583.
Elliott, Delbert S., Suzanne S. Ageton, and Rachelle J. Canter. 1979. "An Integrated Perspective on Delinquent Behavior." Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquency 16: 3-27.
Elliott, Delbert S., David Huizinga, and Suzanne S. Ageton. 1985. Explaining Delinquency and Drug Use. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Hagan, John, A. R. Gillis, and John Simpson (1985). The class structure of gender and delinquency: Toward a power-control theory of common delinquent behavior. American Journal of Sociology 90 1151-1178.
Hirschi, Travis. 1969. Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Mead, George H. 1934. Mind, Self and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Messner, Steven F., Marvin D. Krohn, and Allen E. Liska. 1989. Theoretical Integration in the Study of Crime and Deviance. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Moffitt, Terrie E. 1993. "Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy." Psychological Review 100: 674-701.
Pearson, F., and N. Weiner. 1985. "Toward an Integration of Criminological Theories." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 76: 16-150.
Rowe, David C., and D. Wayne Osgood. 1984. "Heredity and Sociological Theories of Delinquency: A Reconsideration." American Sociological Review 49:526-540.
Sutherland, Edwin H., and Cressey, Donald R. 1955. Principles of Criminology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.
Thomas, William I., and Florian Znaniecki. 1958 (1927). The Polish Peasant in Europe and America. New York: Dover.
Thornberry, Terence P. 1987. "Toward an Interactional Theory of Delinquency." Criminology 25: 863-891.


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University of Georgia freshman gymnast Cory Fritzinger was named the Southeastern Conference's Gymnast of the Week, according to an announcement made by the SEC office on Tuesday.
Fritzinger came through with her best meet of the year Saturday night in helping the No. 4 Georgia Gym Dogs to a 197.225-197.075 upset over the No. 2 Alabama Crimson Tide.
Fritzinger took first place in the all-around with a career-best 39.625, which is tied for the second highest all-around score in the SEC this season and also the highest all-around score for a Gym Dog freshman since Karin Lichey scored a perfect 40.0 versus Kentucky on February 23, 1996.
''Cory Fritzinger had an awesome meet on Saturday night and that was one of the biggest reasons we were able to win the competition,'' said Georgia coach Suzanne Yoculan. ''She proved that she is one of those athletes who can hit when the pressure is on. Her beam and floor performances were two of the most important routines in the meet.''
Fritzinger's award marks the second time in as many weeks and the fourth time this year that a Georgia gymnast has earned the award. Last week, senior Kristi Lichey was named the SEC's Gymnast of the Week for the third time in 2001. It marked the first time ever that a gymnast won the award three times in the same year.
Bulldogs Lose Two to Mother Nature
LEXINGTON, Ken. -- Snow and freezing temperatures forced the cancellation of Georgia's SEC opener at Kentucky today. The doubleheader that was scheduled for 3 and 5 p.m. will be made up today at 2 and 4 p.m.
Georgia (18-8) has fought bad weather since this seven-game road trip began on Thursday. At the Charleston Southern Invitational rain showers delayed two of the Bulldogs' games and eventually washed out the final day of the tournament.
Fiedler takes lead in Iditarod
NIKOLAI, Alaska -- Linwood Fiedler took the lead Tuesday in the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, but was followed closely by Paul Gebhardt and three-time champion Martin Buser, who described his race as ''right on schedule.''
Fiedler set out from Nikolai at 2:22 p.m. after a 61/2-hour rest. He was followed three minutes later by Gebhardt, last year's runner-up.
Former Gladiator Peach Belt POW
Former Clarke Central standout Buck Bradberry has been named the Peach Belt Athletic Conference Pitcher of the Week.
The 6-foot-4 junior earned the honor after earning a complete-game victory in game one before saving game two in a doubleheader sweep over Kennesaw State.
Warrior Club golf tourney set
The Oconee County Warrior Club will be having its second annual golf tournament Monday, March 26th at Jennings Mill Country Club.
Lunch will be served at 11:30 a.m. with a shotgun start at 11:30 a.m. with a shotgun start at 12:30. The format will be Lauderdale style. Cost is $75 and there will be prizes for the winning team. Tee sponsor signs will be sold for $50 each.
For more information contact J.R Whitfield at 769-4468 or Debra Peters at 769-7238. Deadline for entering is March 19th. Those wishing to purchase sponsor signs must do so by March 9th.
This article published in the Athens Daily News on Wednesday, March 7, 2001.
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Children's LiteratureDo you remember the Dick and Jane books? This series by Margaret Hillert harkens back to them. Originally published more than thirty-five years ago, this book and others that she wrote have recently been reissued. These editions have a note to caregivers about the "Beginning-to-Read" series and how to effectively use the books. The closing pages entitled "Reading Reinforcement" contain reading and comprehension exercises/activities. The final page contains a word list and a brief blurb about the author. This particular title relates the efforts of a young boy trying to create the perfect house for his dog Red. The text is banal, the illustrations mediocre, I do not think the story has stood the test of time"Red is in the house. / A big house. A blue house. A house for Little Red." There are many more engaging early readers including the "I Can Read" and "Step-Into-Reading" series which today's kids would find more interesting. 2006 (orig. 1970), Norwood House Press, Ages 3 to 6.
Marilyn Courtot


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Angela Cronhelm hopes she has her own provincial cross-country team ski suit sooner rather than later.
The 13-year-old nordic skier from St. Anthony, who has called the Aurora Nordic Ski Club a second home during the winter months, is one of the budding skiers from the province who earned a temporary spot on the Newfoundland and Labrador cross-country team for the 2014 Haywood Ski Nationals unfolding this week at Blow Me Down Trails in Corner Brook.
Cronhelm, who is competing in the juvenile girls division in her national nordic ski debut, decided to commit to a week in Corner Brook after being invited to spend it at the home of her skiing buddy and provincial team hopeful Jamie Silken Merrigan.
"They offered to take me in and when I got there they had a pair of provincial ski tights for me," Cronhelm said of her arrival earlier this week.
All members of the provincial nordic ski club have been decked out in provincial team outfits for the national showcase of nordic skiing talent in Canada. It's a big deal for Cronhelm to be hanging out with provincial ski team members and getting to know some of the different things other skiers do to get the upper hand on the trails.
Her goal is to earn a spot on the provincial team so she's just going to enjoy the week of racing and give it her best shot.
"People who are on the team get them so ...they're special to me because I'm not on the team yet, so I hope it means I'm getting on there soon," she said.
Cronhelm spends every day she can perfecting her stride to be among the elite female skiers in her province. She earned a bronze medal in both the freestyle and classic races in the Midget girls division at the provincial championships in Plum Point a while back and also claimed gold as a member of the Western female relay team at the 2014 Winter Games in Clarenville where she had individual performances of fourth in classic and fifth in free technique in her age group.
Making the team is foremost on her mind so she's hoping she turns the right heads this weekend in Corner Brook.
"I'd be pretty happy," she said. "I usually do a ski mostly every day when I can."
Already three races under her belt, Cronhelm has been somewhat overwhelmed with the challenge of competing against so many racers at one time, let alone against the best the country has to offer.
"I'm not really used to skiing with so many skiers so it's been harder," she said. "It's been a different experience for me because usually when I go to races theres' not as many people really in the lodge and in my ski category. I'm used to skiing with maybe six or seven people and now there's about 60."
It's not like she was expected to pull off an upset or anything, but she takes pride in knowing she put it all on the line in her races.
"I feel happy with my races so far," she said, quickly pointing out she's learning lots from rubbing shoulders with so many great skiers hanging around the ski park all week.
Cronhelm will wrap up her first nationals with a 7.5-km juvenile girls classic race Saturday at Blow Me Down Trails. This race is the one she has looked forward to most because her parents Pamela and Anthony, as well as her brother Alex, will be there to watch her strut her stuff.
Yes it will be nice to have them here," she said. "I'm lucky because some of the other people when they come here they go with the coaches and their parents aren't always there to watch them. Most of the time they get to watch me race."
This race may be a little more special for her family. According to the young woman, her family has always been supportive in her desire to be one of the best nordic skiers in her province.
It's a safe bet Cronhelm will eventually reach her destination.