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The staff were fantastic - very attentive, engaging and proactive. It's an older hotel, it's probably time to update some of the amenities, particularly the bathrooms (which were nice, but def older).
Small and quiet, yet well apportioned. The restaurant was spectacular No on site Health Club
Very comfortable rooms and very nicely decorated, in a warm, personal style rather than ultra-modern, standar hotel decoration. Location is very convenient, restaurants, shops and tourist attraction within walking distance. Nice and serviceable people.
large comfortable suite in a good location paying extra for parking and loud air conditioning unit
Very romantic boutique hotel. Great location for metro use. Wonderful restaurants and shops in close walking distance. Will always stay here when I return No.
Great location. Beautiful lobby. Wonderful staff. Not enough light in the room. No coffee service in the lobby.
Whether it was a restaurant reservation, flight reservation change or room change to accommodate my adult daughter and my stay, there was no detail that the wonderful front desk staff couldn't accomplish with ease and grace.
Hotel didn't have my reservation that I made through Kayak and the staff was not helpful in resolving it
The manager was very nice and tried to help. The doorman lost our bag. The front desk was incompetent and was hardly helpful. The restaurant refused us service.
There was a mistake in our reservation dates. The front desk staff was so rude and apathetic about it, we cancelled our return stay with them. Neither one said they were sorry about the mix up, never smiled, kept saying they were totally booked — we had been walking in the rain from the bus and obviously needed help. Customers ultimately decide who receives their money!
Loved the location. It was our first visit to Boston and loved the convenience to Newberry St. and the subway. Nice rooms and great service. Nothing fancy but met all our needs.
Extremely comfortable bed. Spacious room, perfect location near Prudential Center, Copley, etc. and easy to drive to and from I-90. Self parking in attached garage, which I prefer (I hate valet parking). Parking garage attendant was kind and helpful. Quiet except for airplane noise overhead (from higher floor room.
We originally had a reservation for 3 days. We were a late check-in. However when we arrived the first night they were fully booked and had to get us a room at a different hotel. That experience did not go well but the Hilton Boston Back Bay did everything to help us.
Lovely amenities: pool/hot tub in the fitness center was very clean, cotton robe in the closet was a nice touch, and the infused water in lobby made for a refreshing start of the day. No included breakfast and subpar in-room coffee. There is a cafe in the lobby but by that time, I was ready to explore elsewhere.
location The hilton would not honor the double room I booked without an argument. I booked a double and they claimed to only have single king bed available. They claimed booking thru a third party was no guarantee. In the end we got the handicapped room but it was totally aggravating. I guarantee they overbooked bc a student group was there and they obviously can't place students in one bed. It was not super clean. Mold in sinks and lobby toilets were clogged.
Convenient location, typical business hotel Needs a little more updating, few food/beverage choices in lobby
great location
The whole atmosphere from walking in was just happy. Everyone was very friendly and accommodating. The view of the city was great, and the room was phenomenal. Loved the decor and the pillows. The pool was awesome and that was the best temp in a hot tub I've felt in a long time. Paying for parking. They clearly own the garage I think they could include parking for their guests.
Nice locatio and accessible to main attractions
Not much Shared bathroom/shower, bed in a closet style lodging. Not a B&B.
Convenient location. Staff was friendly and helpful. Lots of street noise made it difficult to sleep. Decor was charming if outdated. Not worth the expense.
The front desk person was the most patient person I have ever met. Amazing service and great vibe.
Room is clean, bathroom was just outside. In the past I've been in hostels all over the damn world and that's what this was to me – a hostel for adults. From other reviews I've seen people are expecting some full on BnB experience that is not, but they do offer a free continental breakfast if you're up early. If you're into documenting your luxurious accommodations to show off – this is not for you. If you're more into being in a clean place that's centrally located where you're going to sleep and refresh – 100% yes. The place was full and yet we saw no one and never waited for the bathroom. Friendly staff that got us in and out efficiently.
Nice, clean place. Friendly proprietors and staff. Good breakfast. Would come back and recommend it to friends. Our room had its own bathroom, probably would go with that option the next time too. And yes, the location is terrific!
Great location on Beacon street close to Fenway Park, Prudential Complex, shopping, etc. No elevator and 5th floor rooms are good hike up the steps after a long day sight seeing in Boston. Mattresses on bed seemed old and overly soft.
Clean, great location, if you're looking for location and convince it's great. Kind of a fancy Hostel. I think they can spring for 2ply toilet paper & tissues.
Location was pretty good for an event at Fenway Stayed in the Constitution room. Bathroom was microscopic with very amateurish remodeling. Looked like someone's uncle did it as a favor. TV was low def and mounted so high it was hard to watch. Beds were ancient with very saggy and noisy box springs. Felt more like a stay at a cheap summer cottage with second hand furniture. Definitely would not recommend for anyone used to staying in decent hotels.
the wifi was not working both days I was there. Very inconvenient if you are on a business trip.
There was no a/c and no fans. It was hot hot hot in our room on this summer day. The kitchen was almost a joke. We could not find a single spoon or fork! They do not recycle - shame on them!
I was un aware that there was no private room and this place is a youth hostel. I canceled on the spot and then was stuck with a $400 hotel room because Boston is over priced for no logical reason.


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Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
It was great. Wonderful view.
Panoramic views of the wine country. Very friendly staff, advised us on our stay in Torino (stop at Eataly for instance). Also liked the architecture of the hotel, well integrated with the beautiful landscape.
Beautiful view and classy design hotel. Furthermore, the staff and wonderful breakfast were awesome. Last but not least, close to Alba and most sights of interest.
A wonderful hotel, situated in a beautiufl position in the hills of Piemonte, with gorgeous views. Rooms are cleverly designed and first class; with luxurious bathrooms. Large balconies with all rooms. Excellent breakfast included. The restaurant is a must, featuring the best service and innovative and delicious cuisine. Good wine list also.
The hotel has a sleek modern design and the rooms are light and spacious with beautiful views. Their restaurant was great and excellent value. Would definitely go back. I wish they had a bar in the hotel, but there is an area where you can sit and the receptionist was happy to serve us a drink there before dinner and also brought us fresh hazelnuts.
Excellent location, helpful staff-especially Gino, great restaurant and general friendly atmosphere throughout. no complaints
Modern hotel and restaurant on a hilltop overlooking the nearby towns of Montelupo Albese and Rodello. Rooms are open and airy with a small patio space. The hotel restaurant features the regional cooking of Piemonte and is very good with a nice regional wine list. A good base for exploring the Langhe wine region.
Everything! The staff were incredibly helpful - from organizing winery visits, to bringing us drinks to our rooms and answering all our questions.The food at the restaurant next door was incredible. Perefectly made, regional cuisine with an awesome wine list. KIds also loved the pool - what a stunning view of the Lamghe hills.
very nice hotel staff,new hotel could improve is breakfast and put carpet in the aisle to reduce some noise(women shoes)

subset: commoncrawl


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Tax Planning - What Filing Choices Are There?
Richard Callaby
Taxes is a share of government from the individuals income and in return tax payer gets better community and social services, better infrastructure, security of himself and other nationals and clean environment. Tax, although sometimes seems to be a burden on the soldiers of the individual, but it is necessarily required by the government for spending on various accounts including the functioning of government. So it is the responsibility of nationals to share one's income with the government in line with the various rules and regulations enacted by government and tax authorities.
Tax laws in United States are complex and always keeps on changing. For an individual, it is necessary to know the exact tax return filing procedure, so he or she can reduce the tax burden. Some of the procedure has been summarized below. One has to critically examine the procedure of filing return, so individual or families obtain the maximum benefits.
(a)INDIVIDUAL TAX FILERS: You must file income tax return under this category if your annual income is above $ 7900 for the current financial year or you have spend $ 400 or above on self-development. Further if your annual income is below $100,000 from wages, salaries, interest (less than $ 1500) and unemployment compensation, you should file in form no. 1040 EZ
If you are claiming other deductions, such as education expenses, tax credits, deductions relating to IRAS and pensions, you should use form 1040A.
(b)STUDENTS: If your annual income is above $7900 or you spend more than $ 400 on self-development, you must file income tax return on form no 1040EZ.
(c)DEPENDENT: If your age is under 19 or 24(for full time students) , you could be claimed dependent only by your parents. In that case, you must file income tax return if your unearned income is above $ 800 and earned income is above $ 5000.
(d)MARRIED: Married status is determined on the last day of the financial year, if your spouse died anytime during the year, you can still file joint tax return with him or her, provided you have not remarried.
(e)RETIRED : If your earned income is above $7900 for the current financial year you will have to file return.
(f)CHILD: If a child earns more than $5000 or his or her investment income is over $ 800, he or she is liable to file tax. If he or she is unable to file , parents must file tax after taking security social number.
Filing income tax is one of the art, which requires all permutation and combination to achieve highest rebate. Some of the useful filing method has been summarized below.
(a) MARRIED FILING JOINTLY: When one of the spouse is earning significantly more than the other, joint filing is advisable, unless any one of them want to claim more deductions. In that case, best tax rates are achieved.
(b) MARRIED FILING SEPARATELY: Married couples filing separately are generally in least favorable brackets. There are some situations, when it is advisable to married individuals to file separately.
(c) HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: For a head of household, the income tax rates are lower and the standard deduction is higher. To qualify one must be unmarried at the end of the financial year, one should have maintained a household for children, parents, qualified relatives, and should have paid at least half of the annual expenditure for home, children, parents' qualified relatives etc.
If you are separated, but still married and you live with your child, the head of household status affords you better rate than the married filing separately status.
(d) WIDOW/WIDOWER STATUS: If some one falls in this category, he or she should file in this category to obtain best tax rates.
Article Source:
Richard Callaby is a Independent Computer Consultant, Writer, Author, Speaker and Instructor. More articles from this author and many other authors on personal finance can be reached at
More Articles from Taxes Category:
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Income Tax Software - The Best Ones On The Market
Tax Planning - What Filing Choices Are There?
A Simple Introduction To Filing Electronic Taxes
Why Our Political Leaders Should Embrace the Fair Tax Plan.
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Adult ADD And Taxes
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Can Aishwarya Rai Break the Baby Barrier?
When Amitabh Bachchan updated his Twitter status last week to tell the world about his daughter-in-law's pregnancy, he could not have thought the news would get any reaction apart from positive ones. But it seems that some in the film industry weren't so happy.
A report in the Hindustan Times on Wednesday said that director Madhur Bhandarkar, who had cast the newly pregnant Aishwarya Rai Bachchan in the leading role in a movie called "Heroine," appeared to be rather depressed about the announcement.
"Madhur has just locked himself up in the room and refuses to talk," unnamed sources told the newspaper, adding that the director was putting the film on hold out of concerns she would look "unglamorous" as shooting progressed.
India Real Time couldn't reach Mr. Bhandarkar or Mrs. Rai Bachchan, who is expecting her first child with husband Abhishek Bachchan, also a Bollywood star, to confirm this version of events. The movie distributor backing the film said on Wednesday that the decision to halt production was "mutual."
"We have all mutually agreed that the best step would be to avoid shooting further rather than proceeding with an incredibly demanding schedule over the coming months," UTV Motion Pictures, the producers of the movie, said in a statement.
They added that they would "miss this opportunity to work with Aishwarya" but wished her the very best "as she and Abhishek move into this special new phase in their lives."
The statement did not say whether the film production would resume with her later, raising questions about what Mrs. Rai Bachchan's career path will look like after motherhood. Should she expect to segue into promoting refrigerators and snack foods on TV as has been the fate of other well-known Bollywood actresses who settled down?
Traditionally, marriage has marked the end of many a Bollywood actress's career—at least as a lead star. But the 37-year-old former Miss World has continued to act in big-budget productions after her 2007 wedding, such as last year's "Raavan." That's very different than what happened with actresses in the past. Mother-in-law Jaya Bachchan, for instance, was a very well-known actress until she married Amitabh Bachchan in 1973. She only appeared in two films in the years soon after that, although in the past decade she has appeared in motherly roles.
"Twenty-five years ago, the shelf life of heroines was limited to eight to 10 years," said Ziya Us Salam, a senior assistant editor at the lifestyle supplement of The Hindu daily. He said that the cut-off could be marriage—or age. "In those days, even at the age of 30 she was relegated to the roles of bhabhis [sisters-in-law] and mothers."
In some cases, actresses ended up playing the mothers of actors against whom they used to be cast as the romantic lead, said a piece on an Indian entertainment Web site that suggested that marriage interfered too heavily with the make-believe world of the cinema-goer, who at one time would have been mostly male.
Even as recently as the 1990s, stars underwent semi-retirement after marriage. Kajol, who appeared in the top-grossing Hindi movie, the 1995 production "Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge" (The Braveheart Will Get the Bride), and is a year younger than Mrs. Rai Bachchan, wed fellow actor Ajay Devgn in 1999. After that her lead roles dropped off and she began appearing in films mostly as a "special appearance."
But this may be changing now. As the stories in Bollywood films become more varied—expanding beyond "pretty young single thing" and "mother" —there may be more roles for women who don't perfectly fit either of those slots, but who want to continue acting.
Tabloids that obsessively cover Bollywood stars and their relationships, clothes, diets and state of their abdominal muscles, may have also unwittingly helped pierce the veil of fantasy. The Hindu's Mr. Salam thinks normal life transitions like marriage and children are less of a big deal for the movie-watcher these days.
"This is part of the biological necessity of life," said Mr. Salam. "Things are changing now…there is no reason why Aishwarya won't be accepted by the audience after a few years."
That may explain why Mrs. Rai Bachchan is continuing to act, or why Kajol is starting to reappear in movies like "My Name is Khan," (2010) where she played an autistic Shah Rukh Khan's wife, not his mother.
But it is not yet clear that Indian heroines can really make a successful comeback. Actress Madhuri Dixit was hugely popular, particularly for her dancing, through the 1980s and 1990s. After she got married in 1999, the only major film she was in was "Devdas," as one of the two love interests of the lead star, a role that required a good dancer.
More In Bollywood
- See How India's Biker Gangs and Bollywood Stars are Boycotting Cash to Help the Needy
- Acclaimed Indian Actor Om Puri Dies
- Now Showing in Pakistan Again: Bollywood Movies
- India, Pakistan Tensions Reach Movie and TV Industries
- Video: Can Bollywood Cross Over into Western Markets?
- How a TV Company Is Trying to Introduce Bollywood to the World, One Country at a Time
After a hiatus, she played the lead role in the 2007 film "Aaja Nachle," a vehicle built around her and dancing abilities. But the film didn't do well.
Of course, Aishwarya Rai Bachchan has something going for her that few others do. When she first appeared in the Hindi movie "Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya" (Love Happened) in 1997, she wasn't from a Bollywood dynasty and didn't always get selected for plum roles in spite of her good looks (not everyone is a fan of her performances). But as the daughter-in-law of icon Amitabh Bachchan, it could be a whole different ball game for her if she decides she wants to continue acting—if the in-laws are willing, that is.


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Publication Abstract
Authors: Onega T, MacKenzie T, Weiss J, Goodrich M, Titus-Ernstoff L
Title: Screening mammography intervals among postmenopausal hormone therapy users and nonusers.
Journal: Cancer Causes Control 21(1):147-52
Date: 2010 Jan
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The recent decline in US breast cancer incidence rates has been attributed to the marked reduction in use of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT). An alternative explanation is that women who are not routinely seeking medical care to renew HT prescriptions may be less adherent to recommendations for mammographic screening. To investigate the latter possibility, we compared mammographic intervals according to HT use. METHODS: Using data (1995-2007) from the New Hampshire Mammography Network (NHMN), a state-based mammography registry, we assessed mammographic intervals corresponding to HT use or nonuse among postmenopausal women. We used linear mixed effects models to assess whether the length of screening mammogram intervals differed according to HT use. RESULTS: A total of 310,185 mammograms, representing 76,192 postmenopausal women and 319,353 person-years of screening, were included in the analysis. The median screening interval corresponding to HT use overall was 13.0 months (interquartile range: 12.4-15.1) and for nonuse was 13.1 (interquartile range: 12.4-15.8). Virtually, all screening mammograms occurred within a 2-year interval regardless of HT use or nonuse (98.5 and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that screening mammography intervals are similar whether or not women are using HT. Thus, reduced utilization of screening mammography is unlikely to account for the decrease in breast cancer incidence seen soon after the WHI report.
Last Updated: 02 Mar 2015


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View the Center here....
Beautifully modernized with all of the amenities to make your event a success. The Clista A Calhoun center is the perfect setting for your Meeting, Company Party, Wedding & Reception, Bridal or Baby Shower, Galas, Banquets, Family Reunions, School Homecomings or any occasion that requires a large convenient gathering area. The Center can accommodate a maximum of 320 guests. Commercial and Non-Commercial Pricing! 15% Reduction in normal rates for DeSoto Parish Taxpayers for Personal or Family use!
Front and Rear Entrances - with seperate Caterer's entrance into Caterer's Kitchen. Kitchen comes equipped with Side-by-side Refrigerator and large capacity ice maker. Lots of Storage! Kitchen has pass-through window.
An Elevator provides easy access to the Second floor. Twin Original Stairways. Air-Conditioning & Heating. Drive-up entryway at Front Entrance. Handicap Parking with two well-lighted asphalt parking areas. Land-scaped garden areas.
Clista Andrew Calhoun's portraits grace the entryway of the Clista A. Calhoun Center's front entrance.
The upper floor will accomadate a large gathering or audience. The Original Stage with its magnificant arched doorways on each side of the stage has been restored to it's original elegance. The stage is equipped with stage lighting and a sound system is available for rent. The auditorium has comfortable padded seating for your guests comfort.
The City of Mansfield has several newly constructed (2011) Hotels in close proximity to the Clista A. Calhoun Center.
The Clista A. Calhoun Center is easily accessible from Hwy. 171, US Hwy. 84 and Interstate 49.


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WCC Library Webpage Tour for Faculty
We present the new WCC Library Webpage tour for faculty. The tour will take you through the updated WCC Library webpage and point out useful information that you will want to know as a faculty member at WCC. It will also show you contact information in case you have any questions about any services or resources at the WCC Library.


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Mar 7, 2013 - StaffShane D. Long died Saturday, March 2, 2013, in Riverton.
He was 50 years old.
A celebration of life luncheon is at 2 p.m. Saturday, March 9, at the Set Free Church in Riverton.
Shane D. Long was born April 30, 1962, in Thermopolis, the son of Glenn A. and Laura L. (Hurtado) Long.
His family said he enjoyed fishing, hunting and riding his motorcycle. He also enjoyed spending time with his friends and family and liked to party.
He is survived by Dallas and Sheri Long and Sequoia "Dervin" Middleton, all of Riverton; several aunts, uncles and nieces, Page Middleton, Christon Middleton, Naquita Long, Jessie Stephens and Haley Stephens; and nephews and great-nieces and great-nephews.
He was preceded in death by his mother; brother Sterling Middleton; and stepfather Clifford Wayne Middleton.
Memorial contributions will be greatly appreciated to Davis Funeral Home for funeral costs.
Arrangements are under the direction of the Davis Funeral Home of Riverton (www.thedavisfuneralhome.com).
Get your copy of The Ranger online, every day! If you are a current print subscriber and want to also access dailyranger.com online (there is nothing more to purchase) including being able to download The Mining and Energy Edition, click here. Looking to start a new online subscription to dailyranger.com (even if it is for just one day)? Access our secure SSL encrypted server and start your subscription now by clicking here.


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First Trailer for "Pain and Gain" Starring Mark Wahlberg: Watch Here!
Posted Wednesday December 19, 2012 5:30 PM GMT
Bulking up to hold his own alongside Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, Mark Wahlberg stars in the upcoming film "Pain and Gain."
The Michael Bay-directed flick is based on a true story about a group of bodybuilders who engaged in a campaign of kidnapping, extortion and murder in Florida.
Also starring Anthony Mackie and Rebel Wilson, the movie is part of the director's two-film deal with Paramount (the other being "Transformers 4").
Though fans will have to wait until April 26th to catch the movie, you can check out the action-packed first trailer below.
filed under Pain and Gain, Mark Wahlberg, Dwayne Johnson, Movies


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SDBG at the San Diego County Fair 2014
The San Diego Botanic Garden is proud to have been awarded nine awards at the Flower & Garden Show at the San Diego County "Fab Fair" this year!
The Flower & Garden Show display's theme, "Happy Ever After," is a take-off of the Beatles song "Ob-la-di Ob-la-da." Our amazing volunteers created an stunning garden for Desmond and Molly Jones (characters in the Beatles song), who dance for joy as their children play amidst their beautiful, working-class garden. The 2014 San Diego County Fair, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the British Invasion, will run through July 6 at the Del Mar Fairgrounds.
Here's a list of all the awards the judges bestowed on our display:
Photos: Margaret Jones
Ob-La-Di family singers
Thank You to Everyone!


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Ruth Rendell Mysteries (1987– )
Plot Summary
The series comprises adaptations of the works of Ruth Rendell, many of which are based on her extensive range of short stories. In some cases, the stories were expanded from Rendell's original material or elements from a number of stories were woven together into one episode. A smaller number of episodes were based on Rendell's full-length novels, starring James Callis and Front seat, starring Janet Suzman. There were a total of 55 episodes centering on the Detective Inspector Wexford stories, starring George Baker, Louie Ramsay and Christopher Ravenscroft, and an additional 29 episodes did not feature Wexford.- Written by Bye
From cold, rock-strewn moors to comfortable suburban estates, award-winning writer Ruth Rendell explores the dark fissures between friends and family members that motivate murder.- Written by Anonymous
Be the first to contribute! Just click the "Edit page" button at the bottom of the page or learn more in the Synopsis submission guide.


text: Based on the best-selling series of spooky children's books by author R.L. Stine, Goosebumps HorrorLand puts gamers in the middle of a horror-themed amusement park full of fright-filled rides and attractions. Things go awry though, and gamers find themselves in a classic action-adventure, fending off real vampires, ghouls, and mummies through five different park zones. Players can unlock 30 different games and challenges in the main Story mode, top their best scores in Arcade mode, and take on friends in a dozen different challenges, all while collecting trading cards for popular Goosebumps ghouls. ~ Christopher Brown, All Game Guide


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Five bands will perform throughout the day. They included Larry and Anita Denny, Donnie Long, True Gospel Church Band, Apostles of Bluegrass and Jordan Rager will sing country from 6-8 p.m.
Food, as well as many varieties of arts and crafts were available for sale at the event. There were also be water balls, a space walk, putt-putt, face painting and clowns to entertain children.
The annual event is held each October in downtown Porterdale.


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NORA Manufacturing Sector Strategic Goals
927ZGFT - Neuroinflammation, Glial Signaling and NeurotoxicityStart Date: 10/1/2008
End Date: 9/30/2013
Principal Investigator (PI)Name: James O'callaghan
Phone: 304-285-6079
E-mail: email@example.com
Organization: NIOSH
Sub-Unit: HELD
Funded By: NIOSH
Primary Goal Addressed9.0
Secondary Goal Addressed
Attributed to Manufacturing
Project Description
Short Summary
This laboratory-based research project will be conducted to characterize novel molecular changes associated with gliosis, a sensitive cellular index of neurotoxicity. A large number of workplace-related chemicals, and the physiological and environmental factors with which they interact, are associated with subtle neurological effects. Establishing the adverse (i.e. neurotoxicological) nature of these effects is hampered by the lack of available biomarkers of neurotoxicity. Anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory agents will be employed to validate the role of neuroinflammation in the induction of gliosis and neurotoxicity. These studies will evaluate the utility of neuroinflammatory mediators as early biomarkers of neurotoxicity in preclinical assessments, research that directly address the needs described under the neurological component of the Cancer, Reproductive and Cardiovascular Cross-Sector Goals and Health Hazard Evaluation Goals. NIOSH neurotoxicity assessment guidelines are expected outcome.
Glial activation represents a dominant cellular response to all types of damage to the central nervous system (CNS). The generality of the glial reaction to injury, despite the regional- and cell-type specific targets of individual neurotoxic insults, implies there are common signals underlying this cellular response. Discovery and characterization of these signals offer the potential for developing biomarkers of neurotoxicity that can be used as preclinical indicators of any workplace neurotoxic exposure. Signal transduction, especially in the CNS, rely on numerous messengers, receptors and protein phosphorylation cascades. Knowledge of protein phosphorylation sites on a given phosphoprotein permits the accurate prediction of the upstream effectors involved (the Greengardian Model). Previously, we used this approach to discover and characterize glial activation associated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Known upstream effectors for STAT3 include proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved in inflammation in the periphery and that are suspected to be involved in "neuroinflammation" in diseases of the CNS. Using genomic and proteomic profiling and qrtPCR, we discovered a rapid and large induction in the expression of a variety of proinflammatory mediators was associated with phosphorylation of STAT3 and activation of both microglia and astroglia (gliosis). While our initial findings make it clear that gliosis and the attendant expression of proinflammatory mediators are associated with toxicant-induced damage to the CNS, it is by no means clear that a cause-and-effect relationship exists between the presence of a neuroinflammatory process and neural damage. For example, workplace related events, such as stress, anxiety, depression, obesity, systemic infections, autonomic dysfunction and disrupted sleep-wake cycles all are associated with changes in the expression of CNS cytokines and chemokines in the absence of evidence of neural damage. Thus, "neuroinflammation"-related events in the CNS must be carefully defined with respect to involvement in neurotoxic responses and not just as a reflection of altered neural physiological responses. This is not just an issue of semantics because a presumed role of inflammation can influence the course of research in an entire field and can consume enormous resources without having the benefit of sound and substantial scientific footing. Therefore, in this project we will use a variety of known neurotoxic agents to induce glial activation and the expression of proinflammatory mediators in the brains of experimental animals. Our preliminary data indicate that antinflammatory agents can suppress neural inflammatory events without affecting neurotoxicity and gliosis. Thus, to examine the linkage between "neuroinflammation" mediators, neural (neuronal or glial) damage and subsequent gliosis, we will examine the effects of anti- and proinflammatory agents on neuroinflammatory responses associated with glial activation and neurotoxicity. Thus, on the one hand, we will evaluate the effects of actue and chronic glucocoritoids on neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity endpoints. On the other hand we will evaluate the effects of acute and chronic lipopolysacharide, as a proinflammogen, on neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Finally, we will evaluate animal models of the workplace-related events listed above, either alone, or in combination with known neurotoxic exposures, to determine their influence on neuroinflammtory responses associated with neurotoxicty and subsequent gliosis. In aggregate, these studies will serve to determine if proinflammatory mediators can serve as potential early and sensitive biomarkers of neurotoxicity that ultimately can be applied in a risk assessment context relevant to adverse workplace exposures.
• Develop a comprehensive battery of neurotoxicity biomarkers, i.e. biomarkers applicable to the assessment of broad classes of known and suspected neurotoxic agents.
• Where specific ligands and receptors are implicated as neurotoxicity-related effectors, develop new PET ligands applicable to humans for assessing the onset, duration and functional outcome of potential human neurotoxic exposures.
• Detect and/or quantify evidence of the appearance of novel biomarkers in animal and human serum, during and after exposure to known or suspect neurotoxic agents.
Mission Relevance
A large number of workplace-related chemicals, and the physiological and environmental factors with which they interact, are associated with subtle neurological effects. Establishing the potential adverse (i.e. neurotoxicological) nature of these effects is hampered by the lack of neurotoxicity biomarkers. Microglia and astroglia, sub-types of central nervous system glia, have been shown to serve as microsensors of neurotoxic insult. Using tissue from experimental animals and humans, combined with the implementation of novel assay procedures, we have shown that enhanced expression of astrocytic and microglial genes, and their corresponding proteins, can be used to quantify toxicant-induced glial activation (glosis) resulting from dosages of a given agent below those that result in overt cytopathology or behavioral abnormalities. The generality of the glial reaction to injury that we observed, despite the target selectivity of specific neurotoxic insults, implied that there are common signals underlying this cellular reaction, signals that would serve as novel and early biomarkers of neurotoxicity. Cytokines, neurotrophins, neurohormones, and their down-stream signaling effector modules have been linked to toxicant-induced gliosis, as well as to neurological disease states such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Consistent with these observations, we have discovered that a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are associated with the early stages of exposure to a wide variety of known and suspected neurotoxicants, findings implicating these messenger molecules as early biomarkers of neurotoxicity. While it is becoming clear that activation of microglia and astroglia and the attendant expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines often are associated with disease-, trauma- and, based on our findings, toxicant-induced damage to the CNS, it is by no means clear that a cause-and-effect relationship exists between the presence of a neuroinflammatory process and neural damage. Determining if the expression of specific neuroinflammation-related molecules in the brain is linked in a casual way to neural damage resulting from administration of a variety of known and suspected neurotoxic agents, will provide the information needed to move forward with further validation studies of these potentially sensitive and early biomarkers of neurotoxicity. In this project we will use experimental animals treated with known neurotoxicants and assess brain neuroinflammtory responses with and without pretreatment with anti-inflammatory agents. We then will determine if suppression of inflammation suppresses neurotoxicity using a variety of neuronal and glial biomarkers of neural injury previously established in this laboratory.
Workplace-related adverse effects on the nervous system continue to be of concern for most work sectors. A large number of workplace-related exposures, and the physiological and environmental factors with which they interact, are associated with subtle neurological effects. Establishing the potential adverse nature of these effects is hampered by the lack of biomarkers of neurotoxicity. Traditional morphological and/or behavioral indices of neurotoxicity have proven to lack sufficient sensitivity or specificity to define the neurotoxic condition. Thus, the success of this project, which is concerned with the development of specific and sensitive biomarkers of neurotoxicity, will have important implications for many of the NORA sector programs.
Thus, research results will directly address:
50% Manufacturing, 25% Ag, Forestry & Fishing, 25% Construction
Sector Program Goals:
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (25%), Strategic Goal 1 (09PPAFFSG1), Improve surveillance within the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Sector to describe: the nature, extent, and economic burden of occupational illnesses, injuries, and fatalities; occupational hazards; and worker populations at risk for adverse health outcomes.
Intermediate Goal 1.1 (09PPAFFIG1.1), Improve national and state-level illness, injury, hazard, and exposure surveillance by utilizing existing data systems or creating new databases to identify injuries, illnesses, hazards, and exposures within the AgFF sector.
Activity/Output Goal 1.1.1 (09PPAFFAOG1.1.1), Assess the available surveillance for all sub-sectors of the AgFF sector and identify gaps in the existing systems.
Strategic Goal 5 (09PPAFFSG5), Improve the health and well-being of agricultural workers by reducing occupational causes or contributing factors to acute and chronic illness and disease.
Intermediate Goal 5.3 (09PPAFFIG5.3), Reduce acute and chronic illnesses associated with exposure to pesticides and other agrochemicals.
Activity/Output Goal 5.3.4 (09PPAFFAOG5.3.4): Conduct research to develop and improve (1) methods to assess exposures to pesticides, agrochemicals, and interactions of multiple chemicals in the workplace, and (2) biomonitoring methods and direct reading devices to assess exposures and evaluate health effects of exposures in workers and their families.
Activity/Output Goal 5.3.5 (09PPAFFAOG5.3.5): Conduct research to assess the effects of occupational exposures to pesticieds and other agrochemicals on the reproductive, neurological and neurobehavioral health of men, women, and children.
Construction (25%), Strategic Goal 14 (09PPCONSG14), Improve surveillance at the Federal, State, and private level to support the identification of hazards and associated llnesses and injuries; the evaluation of intervention and organizational program effectiveness; and the identification of emerging health and safety priorities in construction.
Intermediate Goal 14.2 (09PPCONIG14.2), Partner with professional associations, surveillance experts, insurance companies, regulatory and consultation organizations to explore, develop, and implement new types of construction-sector hazard, exposure, and performance indicators to supplement current surveillance approaches.
Manufacturing (50%), Strategic Goal 9 (09PPMNFSG9), Enhance the state of knowledge related to emerging risks to occupational safety and health in manufacturing.
More specifically, this research addresses the occupational neurologic disease component of:
Cross-Sector Health Outcome Program Goals:
Cancer, Reproductive, and Cardiovascular Diseases Strategic Goal 5 (09PPCRCSG5), Reduce the incidence and mortality of other chronic diseases, including (but not limited to), work-related neurologic (cerebrovascular) and renal disease.
Other Cross-Sector Program Goals:
Exposure Assessment (25%) Strategic Goal 2 (09PPEXASG2), Develop or improve specific methods and tools to assess worker exposures to critical occupational agents and stressors.
Intermediate Goal 2.3 (09PPESAIG2.3), Development and evaluate new or improved methods for assessing exposure to workplace chemicals and occupational health stressors either singly or as mixtures, including both prospective and retrospective methods.
Activity/Output Goal 2.3.1 (09PPEXAAOG2.3.1), Development of new or improved methods to measure chemicals or other occupational hazards in the work environment.
Activity/Output Goal 2.3.2 (09PPEXAAOG2.3.2), Validation of these methods to provide and characterize their performance (specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, etc.) including publication in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods.
Activity/Output Goal 2.3.3 (09PPEXAAOG2.3.3), Application of these methods to evaluate occupational exposure.
Intermediate Goal 2.4 (09PPESAIG2.4), Develop biomonitoring methods including biomarkers that are useful for mixed exposures.
Activity/Output Goal 2.4.1 (09PPESAIG2.4.1), Development of new biomonitoring methods.
Intermediate Goal 2.8 (09PPESAIG2.8), Develop and incorporate data from toxicity studies (including the mechanism of action of chemical, physical, and biological agents, including mixed exposures) or epidemiologic studies into the evaluation and improvement of exposure assessment strategies for priority occupational hazards.
Activity/Output Goal 2.8.2 (09PPESAIG2.8.2), Initiation of new toxicity or health studies to fill gaps in knowledge so that better-designed exposure assessment strategies can be developed.
- Page last reviewed: July 22, 2015
- Page last updated: July 6, 2015
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Office of the Director


text:
News Flash >
Cardiovascular Health
Prostate Cancer Therapy Boosts Risk of Fractures, Heart Disease
Reported April 28, 2009
(Ivanhoe Newswire) -- Prostate cancer patients who take drugs to
decrease their testosterone levels may be increasing their risk of
developing bone- and heart-related side effects, but those risks are still
relatively low, according to a new study.
Doctors say androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an important and effective
treatment option for many men with prostate cancer, but it can cause a
variety of side effects, including skeletal and cardiovascular
complications, sexual dysfunction, periodontal disease and mood disorders.
Texas researchers analyzed previous studies on the treatment's side effects
to assess the risks for men. They discovered that although men treated with
ADT had an increased risk of bone fractures and heart-related death, the
absolute risk for both was still low.
For bone fractures, there was a 23 percent increased risk compared to
prostate cancer patients who did not undergo the treatment, and the absolute
risk of fracture among ADT-exposed men was still only 7.2 per 100 person
years, researchers said.
For heart-related death, researchers found the increased risk among the ADT
men was 17 percent higher compared to other prostate cancer patients, but
that only translated to an additional one-to-two deaths per 1,000 men who
received ADT.
Since some patients benefit immensely from this treatment over other
options, the researchers said physicians should consider each patient's
overall health and prostate cancer status when weighing treatment options.
SOURCE: CANCER, published online on April 27, 2009


text:
UK Tax
UK Tax Questions? Ask a UK Tax Advisor for answers ASAP
This is a capital gain - so you have the sale price less then costs to build (which would include the cash you paid out for the help) and you can deduct any legal fees in selling the website.
Then the first £10,600 is free, as this is your capital gain exemption allowance and the remainder will be liable to capital gains tax.
This is not entered as personal income at all.
However do you plan to continue with this again - as the second build was a loss. And might I ask whether you made any money from the first build during the period it was built and sold?
Thanks for the info. I currently stopped with the development of websites and I don't have any other future plans. The cost to build also includes things such as travel costs, a part of my accomodation, laptop ?--> (all these were necesarry to develop the website)
To answer your question..I have made a few hundred pounds from ads that were on the website from the first build until it was sold..that's it. Where goes this revenue?
Isn't there an issue because the expenses for the website were in the previous financial year and I sold the website in another financial year?
Also where should I put the loss for the second build(website) that didn't go so well?
Thank you!
No, you cannot claim those expenses (part of accommodation, laptop, travel costs) unless the income is deemed to be a trade, which it wasn't, and HMRC will not treat it as such, so this will have to be absorbed by you.
So it makes no difference whether the expenses were incurred the same or a different year.
The second one I am afraid you cannot claim anything for, as it did not result in a sale, and had it done so, also would have been treated as a capital gain.
Just a note, you should not have registered as self employed, as you do not advise that you traded or made money from this website, so you had no self employed income, so let HMRC know, this was registered for in error and there is just the gain to consider.
If you did in fact earn money from the first web build (other than its sale) then let me know as the expenses may well be allowable, and I can advise how to take this forward as then it would be right that you registered as self employed.
From the time I built the website and the time I sold it, I received some income from Google Ads that were on my website and the amount received was based on how many people click those ads - which generated around 1000 pounds -> spread over a few months. No other income other than the sale was received.
So any money I put in building the site (other than paying someone to help me) can't be put as expenses... even though they were quite a bit?
Based on the information above, was I right or wrong to register as a self employed? And if I should not be self employed, how do I declare all this and how much do I need to pay?
Thank you.
Then that changes matters and yes you were right to register as self employed.
So for the tax year you just were trading earning money, then you declare the income you earned from Google Adwords
From this amount (for the tax year 2011/2012) you then claim the actual expenses incurred, so the travel, the laptop - and you can claim £3 a week for each week you traded to 05/04/2012. This income and the expenses will be declared under the self employed (personal income part of the return) and as you did trade then claim the money you paid for the help in building the website.
Then for 2012/2013 you have income earned from google adwords and all the expenses for this and the second build website, so part accommodation £3 for every week you traded, and also travel expenses. And you also should claim the help you received to build the second website as well.
Then you also have to declare the capital gain, which will be the £20K less any legal fees to sell ( which also will go on the 2012/2013 tax return, as this the tax year the site was sold.
If you wish me to undertake tax calculations for you then please note that as this is additional work then please do consider a bonus for the additional work.
Please then also advise
1) How much money you made from selling adwords and break this up from the date you started to trade to 05/04/2012, and then the period 06/04/2012 to the date you ceased trading
2) Also split how much you spent on expenses - so travel for each tax year - how much the laptop cost, and how much your internet connection was (and the % split between business and private use)
4) Whether you had any other income for each tax year.
Hello Sam,
I am ok with calculating that part for myself :). Thanks for the information.
One final part, if the difference between my expenses and personal income is negative for tax year 2012/2013, but capital gain is positive, is it possible to subtract the negative personal income from the capital gain?
Sadly not - the capital gain can only be carried forward to offset against future gains, (or offset by a capital loss) where as the self employment loss can be offset either against other earned income, such as employment, or carried forward to offset against other earned income.
So unless you had employment on which tax was paid, then you are best carrying it forward and you should indicate this on the self assessment tax return.
Please note it would be appreciated if you could rate the level of service I have provided.
I send a bonus :) Thanks for the info.
One more thing that's on my mind. In the sale contract, it is specified the following : "Purchase of 20k consists of : 10k domain name (and goodwill) and 10k Website Content."
Domain name means something like : www.example.com.
Isn't it possible to put the 10K Website Content as income and not capital gain because the content was created by me and people that I paid? The Website Content consists of articles and answers to questions that people put on the website and this had to be done on regular basis. It also contains software that was running on the website and this brought value to the domain name. This also generated a number of expenses.
Thanks again.
No I am afraid not - as it all falls within the remit of a capital gain transaction as it was the selling of the asset itself.


text:
1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORIGINAL SIDE WRIT PETITION NO.184 OF 2010 1. Rashtriya Chemical Fertilizers Ltd., a Public Sector Undertaking, registered and/or incorporated under the provisions of Companies Act, 1956, having its registered office at Administrative Building, Chembur, Mumbai-400 074. 2. Mr. K.C. Prakash, adult, Indian Inhabitant and Company Secretary of Petitioner No.1 abovenamed, working for gain at Administrative Building, Chembur, Mumbai-400 074. .... Petitioners - Versus - 1. J.S. Ocean Liner Pte. Ltd., a body corporate, registered under the laws of Singapore, having its registered office at 18-03, High Street Centre, 1, North Bridge Road, Singapore-179 094. 2. Indian Council of Arbitration, having its office at Federation House, Tansen Marg, New Delhi - 110 001. ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 2 3. Mr. Jagdish C. Seth, an adult, Indian Inhabitant, having his office at 917, Dalamal Tower, 211, Nariman Point, Mumbai-400 021. 4. Captain V.K. Gupta, an adult, Indian Inhabitant having his office address at 124, Maker Tower, L , Cuffe Parade, Mumbai - 400 005. 5. Mr. G.J. Kodwaney, an adult, Indian Inhabitant having his address at 29/12-C, Mahesh Rose, 4 Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400 058. .... Respondents Dr. Milind Sathe, Senior Advocate with Shri Ashish Kamath i/b M/s. M.P. Savla & Co. for the Petitioners. Shri S.U. Kamdar, Senior Advocate with Ms Pooja Patil i/b Shri Ashwin Shankar for Respondent No.1. ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 3 CORAM: J.N. PATEL AND A.P. BHANGALE, JJ. RESERVED ON : APRIL 12, 2010 PRONOUNCED ON: APRIL 20, 2010 JUDGMENT (Per A.P.Bhangale, J.):
1. Rule. The learned counsel appearing on behalf of respondent No.1 waives notice. By consent, the rule is made returnable forthwith. Heard learned counsel for the petitioners and respondent No.1.
2. By this writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the petitioners are praying for issuance of a writ of mandamus in the nature of an order or direction, ordering and/or declaring that the arbitral proceedings between the petitioners and respondent No.1 stands terminated and the Arbitral Tribunal consisting of Mr. Jagdish C.
Sheth, Captain V.K. Gupta and Mr. G.J. Kodwaney has ceased to have jurisdiction over the disputes with further prayer to quash and set aside the order dated 24-12-2009, as also the Minutes of the Meeting dated 19-12-2009 and the e-mail dated 18-12-2009, addressed by respondent No.2 to the petitioners.::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 4
3. Briefly stated, the facts of the case are thus:
Petitioner No.1 is a Public Sector Undertaking, owned by the Government of India and is engaged in the business of chemicals and fertilizers, having its registered office at Chembur, Mumbai-400 074. Petitioner No.2 is the Company Secretary of petitioner Respondent No.1 is a body corporate registered No.1.
under the laws of Singapore. On 6-11-2006, a charter party was executed between the petitioners and respondent No.1. Under Clause 43 of the charter party, the parties had agreed that all disputes arising under the charter party would be settled in India. Clause 43 reads thus:
43. All disputes arising under this charter party shall be settled in India in accordance with the provisions of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996 (Act No.26 of 1996) or any further amendments thereof and under the Maritime Arbitration Rules of the Indian Council of Arbitration. The Arbitrators to be appointed from out of the Maritime Panel of Arbitrators of the Indian Council of Arbitration. The Arbitrators shall be commercial men.::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 5
4. On 6-12-2007, respondent No.1 by its Advocate s notice invoked the arbitration clause and requested for a reference of the disputes to arbitration. The petitioners replied to the said notice on 20-12-2007 and both the parties nominated their respective arbitrators, who in turn appointed the presiding arbitrator. Thus, the Arbitral Tribunal was constituted.
5. On or about 2-4-2008 respondent No.1 filed its statement of claim of US$ 293,588.78 against the petitioners, towards purported unpaid freight, which was forwarded to the petitioners through the Indian Council of Arbitration (respondent No.2 herein). The petitioners filed their written statement and counter-claim on 30-6-2008. On 12-12-2009, the Arbitral Tribunal invited the attention of the parties to Rule 20(1) of the Maritime Arbitration Rules (as amended on 1-4-2004) which provides for a maximum limit of two years for making the award, extendable by agreement between the parties to the dispute or by the Maritime Arbitration Committee. While respondent No.1 agreed to extend the time limit upto 31-12-2010, the petitioners through their ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 6 Advocate s letter dated 17-12-2009 called upon the Arbitral Tribunal to declare itself as functus officio and terminate the arbitral proceedings. The Secretary of respondent No.2 by an e-mail dated 18-12-2009 contended that the time count would commence from 2-4-2008. On 19-12-2009 the petitioners moved an application before the Arbitral Tribunal seeking termination of the arbitral proceedings and ceased and declaration that it became functus officio to have jurisdiction over the disputes between the parties. The Arbitral Tribunal held a meeting on 19-12-2009. The contention of the petitioners was rejected and the order of rejection was communicated to the petitioners on 28-12-2009.
6. Respondent No.1 opposed the petition on the ground that it is frivolous and contrary to the ICA Maritime Arbitration Rules (as amended on 1-4-2004). Respondent No.1 submitted that the petitioners contention that in view of Rule 21 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, the arbitral proceedings commence on the date on which a request for the dispute to be referred to arbitration is received by the respondent, is incorrect as the provision is enacted for the purpose of calculation of ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 7 limitation and as such no time limit is provided for termination of an arbitral proceedings under the Act and, secondly, the parties are free to extend the time limit and further more, there are various conditions contemplated under the Rules which are to be fulfilled before the commencement of the arbitration proceedings. The Rules and the provisions of the Act are to be read harmoniously petitioners have and not also selectively.
made a counter-claim The
before the Arbitral Tribunal mention of which is conveniently omitted from their petition as also from their application before the Tribunal. It is also submitted on behalf of respondent No.1 that a party cannot, by time consuming tactics, cause immense delay and then turn around to say that the mandate of Arbitral Tribunal should be terminated. It is further contended that the petitioners have alternative efficacious remedies under the provisions of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996 and the writ petition is not maintainable in this case. Section 5 of the Act, which incorporates a non-obstante clause, restrains judicial intervention except as specifically provided in Part-I of the Act. The parties are required to participate in the proceedings before the ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 8 Arbitral Tribunal for final award by the Tribunal. Respondent No.1 had taken out an application for interim award for unpaid, undisputed claim which is pending since August, 2008 and delayed only because of the numerous interim applications made by the petitioners. Respondent No.1 thus blamed the petitioners conduct of delaying the arbitral proceedings before respondent Nos.3 to 5 under the aegis of respondent No.2-Indian Council of Arbitration. The Arbitral Tribunal has already decided the issue raised by the petitioners considering the Rules in the light of the provisions of the Act. In judicial review, a Writ Court cannot substitute its own opinion with that of the Arbitral Tribunal.
7. We have heard at length the submissions made by the learned counsel of the respective parties and have also perused the affidavits on the record as also the rulings cited during the course of the arguments. In our view, the mandamus in the nature of a declaration cannot be granted for the reasons stated herein below:
8. The learned counsel for the petitioners, in support of his submissions, ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 9 submitted that under the Maritime Rules of Arbitration of ICA, the Arbitral Tribunal shall make the award as expeditiously as possible preferably within six months from the date of the reference, subject to the maximum limit of two years from the date of commencement of the arbitral proceedings, extendable by the parties to the dispute or by the Maritime Arbitration Committee. Rule 20 The overall cannot, in our opinion, be read in isolation.
procedure laid down under the Rules has to be considered. When a party to the proceeding, by making numerous applications at interim stage, cause delay in the conduct of the proceedings before the Arbitral Tribunal, such party cannot plead outer limit fixed under Rule 20 to argue that the Arbitral Tribunal should conclude the hearing within two years. This, in our opinion, is not a hard and fast rule, particularly when the legislative intention is clear to allow the parties the freedom to extend the period of adjudication.
9. The learned counsel for the petitioners then urged that unless agreed otherwise by the parties under Section 21 of the Act, an arbitral proceeding commence on ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 10 the date on which request for the dispute to be referred to arbitration is received by the respondents. Reference is made to the ruling in the case of M/s. Sundaram Finance Ltd. v. M/s. NEPC India Ltd. {AIR 1999 SC 565} to support the proposition that the interim orders as listed can be passed under Section 9 of the Act. The learned counsel for the petitioners then submitted that in view of ruling Ltd. v.
in M/s.
M/s. Anuptech Ganpati Equipments Co-op Housing Private Society Ltd. {AIR 1999 Bombay 219} in which, in
paragraph, the Court has observed thus:
To my mind, therefore, in a case where arbitral proceedings have been closed when the order itself ex facie does not amount to nullity, the remedy of civil suit may not be available
10. In the facts and circumstances of the present case, the ruling cannot be of any assistance to the petitioners as the arbitral proceedings are pending. The learned counsel for the petitioners sought to rely upon the ruling in M/s. Senbo Engineering Ltd. v. State of Bihar {AIR 2004 Patna 33) to argue that the Patna High Court held that writ petition under Article 226 can lie against an order ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 11 terminating proceedings passed by the Arbitral Tribunal. In our opinion, this ruling also cannot came to the rescue of the petitioners in the facts and circumstances of the present case when the arbitration proceedings are still pending, and not terminated.
11. On the other hand, the learned counsel for respondent No.1 submitted that in State of U.P. and others v. Bridge & (India) Ltd. {(1996) 6 SCC 22}, the Apex Court Roof Company has ruled thus:
21. There is yet another substantial reason for not entertaining the writ petition. The contract in question contains a clause providing inter a1ia for settlement of disputes by
reference to arbitration [Clause 67 of the Contract]. The Arbitrators can decide both questions of fact as well as questions of law. When the contract itself provides for a mode of settlement of disputes arising from the contract, there is no reason why the parties should not follow and adopt that remedy and invoke the extra-
ordinary jurisdiction of the High Court under Article 226. The existence of an effective alternative remedy - in this case, provided in the contract itself - is a good ground for the court to decline to exercise its extra-::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 12
ordinary jurisdiction under Article
226. The said Article was not meant to supplant the existing remedies at law but only to supplement them in certain well- recognised situations. As pointed out above, the prayer for issuance of a writ of mandamus was wholly misconceived in this case since the respondent was not seeking to enforce any statutory right of theirs nor was it seeking to enforce any statutory obligation cast upon the appellants. Indeed, the very resort to Article 226 whether for issuance of mandamus or any other writ, order or direction -
was misconceived for the reasons mentioned supra.
12. Reference is then made to the majority view expressed by the Constitution Bench in SBP & Co. v. Patel Engineering Ltd. & Anr. {(2005) 8 SCC 618}. In paragraph 16, the Apex Court has observed thus:
16. We may at this stage notice the complementary nature of Sections 8 and 11. Where there is an arbitration agreement between the parties and one of the parties, ignoring it, files an action before a judicial authority and the other party raises the objection that there is an arbitration clause, the judicial authority has to consider that objection and if the objection is found sustainable to refer the ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 13 parties to arbitration. The expression used in this section is shall and this Court in P. Anand Gojapathi Raju V. P.V.G. Raju and in Hindustan Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. V.
Pinkcity Midway Petroleums has held that the judicial authority is bound to refer the matter to arbitration once the existence of a valid arbitration clause is established. Thus, the judicial authority is entitled to, has to and and bound to decide the jurisdictional issue raised before it, before making or declining to make a reference. Section 11 only covers another situation. Where one of the parties has refused to act in terms of the arbitration agreement, the other party moves the Chief Justice under Section 11 of the Act to have an arbitrator appointed and the first party objects, it would be incongruous to hold that the Chief Justice cannot decide the question of his own jurisdiction to appoint an arbitrator when in a parallel situation, the judicial authority can do so. Obviously, the highest judicial authority has to decide that question and his competence to decide cannot be questioned. If it is held that the Chief Justice has no right or duty to decide the question or cannot decide the question, it will lead to an anomalous situation in that a judicial authority under Section 8 can decide, but not a Chief Justice under Section 11, though the nature of the objection is the same and the consequence of accepting the ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 14 objection in one case and rejecting it in the other, is also the same, namely, sending the parties to arbitration. The interpretation of Section 11 that we have adopted would not give room for such an anomaly.
13. In Vimal Madhukar Wasnik (Dr.), Nagpur v. Sole Arbitrator {2006 (1) Bom.C.R. 419}, this Court in paragraph 5 has observed thus:
Even if Arbitral Tribunal is held not to be a Tribunal subject to Article 226 or 227, yet considering the provisions of Section 19 of the Act it is not bound by any procedural impediment in its exercise of jurisdiction This Court had refused to exercise its extra-
ordinary jurisdiction on the facts of the case.
14. The learned Counsel for the respondents made a reference to the decision in K. Narayana Raju, Contractor v. Union of India {2006 (2) Arb.LR 267 (AP)} to urge that the Andhra Pradesh High Court held that without prayer for termination of mandate of arbitrator, the petitioner cannot automatically seek appointment of substitute arbitrator.::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 15
15. Reference is also made to the ruling in Empire Jute Company Limited and others v. Jute Corporation of India Limited and another {(2007) 14 SCC 680} to argue that writ petition is not ordinarily maintainable if arbitration clause exists and dispute between the parties is covered thereby. Writ court should not ordinarily exercise its power of judicial review. In ruling, it is observed thus:
paragraph 18 of the
18. The power of judicial review vested in the superior courts undoubtedly has wide amplitude but the same should not be exercised when there exists an arbitration clause. The Division Bench of the High Court took recourse to the arbitration agreement in regard to one part of the dispute but proceeded to determine the other part itself. It could have refused to exercise its jurisdiction leaving the parties to avail their own remedies under the agreement but if it was of the opinion that the dispute between the parties being covered by the arbitration clause should be referred to arbitration, it should not have proceeded to determine a part of the dispute itself.
16. The Arbitration & Conciliation Act (26 ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 16 of 1996) was enacted with an objective to cover international and commercial arbitrations as also domestic arbitrations. It provides arbitral procedure which is fair, efficient and capable of meeting the needs of all concerned, with judicial intervention kept at minimal level. While it is an experience that there is delay in justice delivery system mostly due to time consuming tactics, the arbitral procedure expedient provides for a ray of hope for an easy and mechanism to enforce rights and obligations under the contract. Thus, an arbitration clause in a contract is an extremely important collateral clause capable of meeting the needs of the parties concerned.
When an arbitration clause is incorporated in a contract in a clear and unambiguous words, the true effect of it cannot be changed when it can cover all disputes arising out of and in relation to the contract. It is for these reasons that the arbitration clause in a contract is needed to be construed as stand alone, severable, as also final and binding between the parties to the contract. Thus, an arbitration clause stands apart from the rest of the contract in which it is contained, in the sense, that it does not impose obligation upon one party and in favour of the other, but ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 17 lays down that if any dispute arises with regard to the obligation which one party has undertaken to the other party, such a dispute shall be settled by arbitration. A mechanism which is strong enough to meet myriad situations of every kind is provided under the Act for difficulties in enforcement of an arbitration clause in the contract.
17. In Branch ig Manager, M/s. Magma Leasing & Finance Ltd., & Anr. v. Potluri Madhavilata & Anr. {2009 AIR SCW 7041}, the question that arose for consideration by the Apex Court was, whether an arbitration agreement survived for the purpose of resolution of disputes arising under or in connection with the contract even if its performance has come to an end on account of termination due to breach? The Apex Court following its earlier decisions held that merely because the contract has come to an end by its termination due to breach, the arbitration clause does not get perished nor rendered inoperative; rather it survives for resolution of disputes arising in respect of or with regard to or under the contract. Thus, the Apex Court also affirmatively answered the incidental question as to whether ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 18 the parties were required to be referred to arbitration under Section 8 of the Act and observed thus:
22. An analysis of Section 8 would show that for its applicability, the following conditions must be satisfied: (a) that there exists an arbitration agreement; (b) that action has been brought to the court by one party to the arbitration agreement against the other party; (c) that the subject-matter of the suit is same as the subject-matter of the arbitration agreement; (d) that the other party before he submits his first statement of the substance of the dispute, moves the court for referring the parties to arbitration; and (e) that along with the application the other party tenders the original arbitration agreement or duly certified copy thereof.
23. Section 8 is in the form of legislative command to the Court and once the pre-requisite conditions as aforestated are satisfied, the court must refer the parties to arbitration. As a matter of fact, on fulfillment of conditions of Section 8, no option is left to the court and the court has to refer the parties to arbitration.
18. In Part-I of the Act, general ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 19 provisions as to arbitration in India are incorporated, which is known as domestic arbitration. The non-obstante clause in Section 5 ensures that in matters governed by the first part, no judicial authority i.e., Court shall intervene except where so provided under Part- I. Section 7 defines arbitration agreement as an agreement by the parties to submit to arbitration all or certain disputes which have arisen respect or of which a may defined arise legal between them relationship, in whether contractual or not. An arbitration agreement is required to be in writing i.e., in a document by the parties or spelled out from communication between the parties or by admission in exchange of statements as to claim or defence which may be in the form of arbitration clause in a written contract or in the form of a separate agreement. Even if there is a reference in a written contract to a document containing an arbitration clause, it would be constituted or construed as an arbitration agreement in relation to written contract between the parties.
19. Once it is shown that an arbitration clause or agreement is existing, a judicial authority before which action is brought has ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 20 power to refer parties to arbitration. Section 8 enables a judicial authority to exercise power to refer parties to arbitration upon an application, accompanied with the duly certified copy of arbitration agreement, when made by the applicant at the earliest opportunity before submission of his statement on the substance of the dispute. During the pendency of such application, an arbitration may commence or continue and an arbitral award may be made, subject to interim measures that may be taken by the Court under Section 9 of the Act.
20. Under Section 11(6) of the Act, Chief Justice or his designate can take necessary measures if under an appointment procedure agreed between the parties (unless agreed appointment procedure provide other means to secure the appointment) -
(a) a party fails to act as required under that procedure or
(b) the parties or two appointed arbitrators fail to reach an agreement expected of them under that procedure or ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 21
(c) a person, including an institution fails to perform any function entrusted to him or it under that procedure.
21. Section 14 of the Act provides for termination of mandate of an arbitrator upon happening of frustrating event such as failure or impossibility to act as an arbitrator.
Sometimes unexpected events occur which are beyond the igcontrol of the
principle of frustration under Section 56 of parties alike Indian Contract Act.
(a) An arbitrator becomes de jure or de facto unable to perform his functions or for other reasons fails to act without undue delay; and
(b) he withdraws from his office or the parties agree to the termination of his mandate.
22. If controversy persists in respect of inability of the arbitrator to perform his functions or about his failure to act expeditiously, a party aggrieved may (unless otherwise agreed between the parties) apply to the Court to decide on the termination of the ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 22 mandate. The judicial intervention of the Court is specifically provided for under Section 14(2) of the Act while controversy concerning dejure or de facto inability of the arbitrator to perform his functions continues.
If for any reason the arbitrator has failed to discharge his functions with reasonable promptitude, the party has statutory remedy available under Section 14(2) of the Act to decide prefer an application to the Court with prayer to the controversy regarding termination of arbitrator s mandate. The Court is empowered to consider (a) dejure inability i.e., legal disability of the arbitrator or want of his legitimate authority to arbitrate and (b) de facto inability of the arbitrator to perform his functions as an arbitrator, and can terminate the mandate of the arbitrator on any of the above grounds. There is inbuilt statutory alternative remedy for a party aggrieved by undue delay in arbitral proceedings. In Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. v. Saw Pipes Ltd. {2003 (4) Scale 92}, the Apex Court observed as under:
It is true that under the Act, there is no provision similar to section 23 and 28 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 which specifically provided that the Arbitrator shall pass award within ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 23 reasonable time as fixed by the Court. It is also true that on occasions, arbitration proceedings are delayed for one or the other reason; but it is for the parties to take appropriate action of selecting proper Arbitrator(s) who could dispose of the matter within reasonable time fixed by them. It is for them to indicate the time limit for disposal of the arbitral proceedings. It is for them to decide whether they should continue with Arbitrator(s) who cannot dispose of the matter within reasonable time. However, non-providing of time limit for deciding the dispute by the Arbitrator(s) could have no bearing on the interpretation of Section 34. Further for achieving the object of speedier disposal of dispute, justice in accordance with law cannot be sacrificed. In our view, giving limited jurisdiction to the Court for having finality to the award and resolving dispute by speedier method would be much more frustrated by permitting patently illegal award to operate. Patently illegal award is required to be set at naught, otherwise it would promote injustice.
23. By the above observations, the Apex Court expressed its anxiety to ensure expeditious and speedier justice in accordance with law applicable to arbitration proceedings and also the necessity of judicial intervention to promote the interest of ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 24 justice. However, the role of Courts is of supervisory nature over arbitral process and judicial intervention need to be as minimum as possible. An arbitrator must be essentially an independent & impartial person possessing requisite qualification, as has been agreed by the parties. If the party becomes aware subsequently that the arbitrator does not possess the eligibility and qualification as required, the appointment may be challenged in view Section 12 of the Act by adopting the procedure prescribed to challenge such appointment as indicated in Section 13 of the Act. The arbitrators are at liberty to withdraw from their office if their appointment is challenged or have option to proceed further and decide the challenge and to pass an award. Such arbitral award can be challenged in accordance with Section 34 of the Act by recourse to the Court on various grounds if there is evidence that party to the arbitral proceedings was incapable to participate in the arbitral proceedings or had no proper notice about the appointment of arbitrator(s) or if in such proceedings the party was unable to present its case, or if the award is passed beyond the scope of controversy submitted by the parties or if the ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 25 composition of Arbitral Tribunal was not as agreed between the parties. The order passed by the Court under Section 34 as also the order passed under Sections 9, 16(2), 16(3) and 17 of the Act are appealable to the Court which can hear appeals from the original decrees of the Court passing the order. No second appeal is permissible excepting an appeal which a party may prefer to the Apex Court.
concerned, The judicial when authority approached, is or the required Court to bear in mind the object of the Act to achieve speedy disposal of arbitral proceedings with minimal court intervention in such matters.
The provisions as waiver of objections etc. in Sections 4, 12, 15(4) 16(5), 19(1) and 25 are really intended to ensure speedy expeditious disposal and completion of arbitral proceedings. The legislative intention is clear that arbitral proceedings shall not be unduly prolonged by time consuming tactics by one or other party to the dispute.
24. Maritime Arbitration Rules of the Indian Council of Arbitration governed under the Act do prescribe procedure in details which is in aid of the provisions of the Act to conduct the domestic and international ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 26 maritime arbitrations in India. Arbitration is initiated through the Secretary of the ICA with a request, incorporating required particulars, accompanied by payment of fees etc. as per Rules. The respondents in arbitral proceedings can make a counter claim which is required to be adjudicated by the arbitrators who constituted the Arbitral Tribunal under the Rules is not bound by the provisions of the Civil Evidence Procedure Act. The Code Arbitral and the Tribunal Indian has requisite power to examine witnesses and allow their cross-examination and consider arguments oral as well as written before the Award is passed. Thus, there is alternative and efficacious remedy available for the petitioner considering policy of the law to provide for speedy adjudication by alternative dispute resolution system in accordance with provisions of the Act and inbuilt remedies available to over ride difficulties faced by the parties. The arbitration agreement must be construed ordinarily as deemed to subsist so as to encourage ADR and enable the parties to enforce obligations under commercial contract brought to arbitration. In the present case there is specific arbitration clause 43 in the charter executed between the petitioners and ::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 27 respondent No.1 and reference is pending before the Arbitral Tribunal duly constituted under the Rules of ICA. The Arbitral Tribunal is in seisin of the dispute pursuant to the reference by the parties invoking its jurisdiction by lodging claim and counter claim before it. Thus disputing parties have chosen an alternative, speedy and efficacious remedy for to determine controversy between themselves.
petition of ig If this we entertain nature for and hearing admit in the due course, after years, the very object and
policy of the Act providing speedy and cheaper mode of adjudication of disputes by process of arbitration would stand frustrated and defeated. In such cases intervention by way of judicial review under Article 226 of the Constitution of India must be kept minimum in very exceptional and a deserving case. The parties must be left to choose their alternative statutory remedies available under the Act. They are required to be exhausted before invoking writ jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. This Court cannot sit as an Appellate Court over decision of Arbitral Tribunal in pending Arbitration proceedings to substitute it s own opinion.::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 ::: 28
25. For all the above reasons, the writ petition is devoid of merits and is liable to be dismissed and is accordingly dismissed. The rule is discharged. No order as to costs.
Sd/- Sd/- (A.P. BHANGALE, J.) (J.N. PATEL, J.)
After the Judgment was pronounced, the learned counsel appearing for the petitioners requested that the interim order granted by this Court may be continued for a period of two weeks to enable the petitioners to seek an appropriate remedy. In view of the fact that this Court had passed the interim order during the pendency of the petition, we are inclined to grant the request, though the same is strongly objected by the learned counsel appearing for respondent No.1. The interim order stands extended by two weeks. It is made clear that no further extension in the matter will be granted. Needless to say, the time consumed in prosecuting the petition shall not be computed for the purpose of limitation; before the arbitral Tribunal.
Sd/- Sd/-
::: Downloaded on - 09/06/2013 15:51:53 :::


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'Princesses: Long Island' episode 6 recap: Clip notes
It might be hard to believe, but the show's sophisticated plot lines, played out by highly developed and nuanced characters, can be boiled down to a couple of minutes of online clips and photos. We were shocked too, but it's true people. More ▸


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9th Man Menlo College Game
San Jose's 9th Man
Saturday, August 30, 2014 from 11:30 AM to 4:00 PM (PDT)
Who's Going
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London, United Kingdom
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Florence, Italy
Florence, Italy
Event Details
San Jose's 9th Man will meet up at Menlo College to attend the football game hosting Southern Oregon University and to show support to former San Jose SaberCats QB and future Arena Football League (AFL) Hall of Famer, Mark Grieb. Mark is the head coach of the team.
After the game, we will meet at the Oasis Beer Garden just a few miles south of the football field.
Have questions about 9th Man Menlo College Game? Contact San Jose's 9th Man
When & Where
Menlo College
1000 El Camino Real
Saturday, August 30, 2014 from 11:30 AM to 4:00 PM (PDT)
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9th Man Menlo College Game
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Agribusiness Elders has moved to exit from its interest in the HiFert fertiliser distribution business, despite being unsuccessful in selling the stake.
HiFert's parent company, ELF Australia, is a 50-50 joint venture between Elders and Landmark Rural Holdings.
Shares in Elders were one cent lower at 42 cents in late morning trade.
Landmark Rural Holdings was part of grains marketer AWB, which was acquired by Canadian-based Agrium in 2010.
Elders has classified its interest in HiFert as non-core, but has been unable to sell the stake.
Elders said today that as a result of an agreement between Elders, ELF and Agrium Inc, ELF had granted Agrium a call option to purchase its 100 per cent shareholding in HiFert.
"The option is exercisable by Agrium within 90 days and has been granted in return for nominal consideration, a price which recognises the estimated value of HiFert's net assets," Elders said.
"If exercised, the call option will see Elders exit its interest in HiFert."
Elders said it would impair the carrying value of its stake in HiFert by about $10.6 million to align book value to that anticipated by the option agreement.
The impairment would be recognised in Elders' 2011 first half financial results as a non-recurring item.
"As HiFert had previously been recognised as an asset held for sale, the option agreement, proposed sale and impairment have no implications for Elders' guidance on underlying profit," Elders said.
"Guidance on underlying profit remains unchanged and continues to be supported by seasonal and trading conditions."
Elders said that under the agreement, it would be released from its fertiliser sourcing obligations under the ELF Shareholders Agreement.
This would enable Elders to source fertiliser independently of ELF.


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It was a breath-taking pledge, with Obama coming close to making the U.S. the guarantor that Mubarak will act.
The only guarantor of peace for Israel is the establishment of Palestine.
And his Nobel address was a masterful defense of America's role as the guarantor of global peace and stability.
The TTP had asked Sharif, while he was in the opposition, to serve as guarantor of any negotiation.
The contract of an indorser differs from that of a guarantor, and from that of a surety.
They may be in the form of a contract of a surety, of a guarantor, or of an indorser.
Must get that Capel street library book renewed or they'll write to Kearney, my guarantor.
They apply equally to a surety, a guarantor and an indorser.
In commercial practice what form of suretyship contract is most frequently used, that of a surety or of a guarantor?
It doesn't matter so much about the payment, there is always a second guarantor.


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And the firemen of the county and their women are the ones who do their shopping in newry!
It was determined that he should return to Harton, and there try for the newry scholarship in time.
A patch of granite, indicating doubtless a core like that exposed at newry, is seen in a hollow at Crossdoney.
The newry folks, and all of their breed, abstain from whining and cadging.
The way thence to newry was most difficult for a stranger to find out.
It is nearly six o'clock when we start from newry towards Newcastle.
On the 22nd the whole army encamped at Loughbrickland, near newry.
newry and Dundalk must have been evacuated but for a timely supply of herrings.
newry was threatened, but the arrival of Ormonde left Kildare free, and the forces of the Pale were drawn northwards.
I don't think it very likely: they are all country families, except a few refreshers from the garrison at newry and Dundalk.


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Landslide threatens road in Frazer
A landslide that has threatened to disrupt traffic on Yutes Run Road in Frazer is set to be repaired next week.
The slide occurred near a conventional natural gas well-drilling site, leased by Huntley & Huntley on land owned by Edward and Tanya Lustic.
The township is involved because Yutes Run is a township road and the slide, if worsened, could hamper traffic.
Supervisors on Tuesday night approved an agreement among the drilling firm, the Lustics and the township. The drilling company will make the repairs.
At some points during the repairs, one lane of traffic will be blocked. Traffic will have to alternate during those times. There were no estimates made as to how long the repair will take.
In other business
• The township will sell a 2002 F-550 dump truck, plow included. Bernie Salsbery of West Deer was the high bidder at more than $14,300. Four bids were received.
• Supervisors accepted the resignation of Nathan Meade as a part-time police officer. The township has enough full- and part-time officers to man shifts, despite the resignation.
• The agreement to buy road salt from Cargill, Inc. was extended for another year. The township will pay $57.82 per ton starting on July 1. That's an increase of $1.13 per ton over last winter's cost.
• The township will transfer $500,000 from its capital-reserve account to a new general-fund savings account at First Commonwealth Bank.
The interest paid by First Commonwealth will be 0.15 percent, meaning the township will earn more than $700 per month interest, compared to the old fund that paid just 0.02 percent.
George Guido is a freelance writer for Trib Total Media.


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Moderate Muslims hide when they see the cross Bush has to bear
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Relations between the West and the Islamic world are moving closer to collapse, writes Amin Saikal.
American voters, by re-electing George Bush with a clear mandate to pursue his first-term policies, have potentially set the scene for more confrontation between the United States and its close allies, and the forces of radical political Islam. The outcome will be critical in determining the future of world order.
With the faith-driven Bush determined to change radical political Islam, the Middle East and, for that matter, the world according to America's shifting interests and within a broad Judeo-Christian moral framework, many Islamists - who believe in Islam as an ideology of political and social transformation - and many ordinary Muslims around the world are now bound to become more wary of US policy behaviour than ever before.
They are likely to take extreme exception to Bush's now well-known personal identification with Christian evangelism, his faith-based domestic and foreign policy priorities, his division of the world in terms of "good" and "evil", and his uncritical support of Israel.
To them, Bush's emphasis on forceful pacification and "democratisation" of Iraq as a beacon for spreading political change in the region, and on creating a "democratic" Palestinian state, amounts to little more than a metaphor for exalting Judeo-Christian values over those of Islam and perpetuating the subordination of the Arab-Muslim world to America's global interests as defined by Bush's religious preferences.
It is also precisely this view that is driven home to Muslims by Osama bin Laden and his operatives, who in many ways constitute the mirror image of Bush and his ardent followers. The central message of bin Laden and his followers is that, while Islam respects all other revealed religions before it, it is the solemn duty of all Muslims to uphold their religion as the seal of all those religions and therefore not allow any force on Earth to undermine or diminish this exaltation.
The al-Qaeda leader and his supporters also see the fight against those who seek to assert their religious superiority over Islam in terms of "good" and "evil". While Bush has electoral legitimacy and awesome state power to enforce his faith-based foreign policy assertiveness, to radical Islamists, including bin Laden, such legitimacy has no meaning.
They seek refuge in the belief that they are directly authorised by God through Islam to serve as defenders of their faith and of the followers of that faith.
So they consider it natural to conceal themselves from their enemies whenever necessary, as Prophet Muhammad did when he sought sanctuary in Medina against his opponents in Mecca where Islam was conceived 14 centuries ago. This is a position which is commonly held among the Muslims, and as a result it is no wonder that bin Laden's flight to the wilderness has resonated well with many in the Muslim world.
The more Bush combines faith with politics and power to achieve religiously driven geopolitical preferences, the more he is sharpening and widening the division and hostilities between Americans and their Muslim counterparts. This can only play into the hands of al-Qaeda and its associated groups to justify their extremism and to enlarge their recruitment and operations, transforming America's war on terrorism into a protracted conflict with Muslims.
The result may not be a "clash of civilisations", but rather a faith-driven religious confrontation, from which no one could emerge triumphant. The US and its allies have the military and economic power, but radical Islamists and their supporters could always count on war by other means.
Many opinion surveys indicate that a majority of the 1.3 billion Muslims in the world have already become far more receptive to al-Qaeda's messages and causes than to Bush's messianic zeal for democratisation.
Bush's agenda of building bridges to moderate Muslims has failed, because moderate Muslims do not want to be seen in his company.
As Iraq sinks into chaos and destruction, with reportedly more than 100,000 Iraqi civilians having lost their lives, one wonders how Bush can possibly believe this to be helpful either to the cause of democratising and stabilising Iraq or to the success of the war on terrorism or to prompting many Muslims to be diverted away from radical Islamism to embrace Washington's impositions as a better alternative.
Bush's second term will be a period of make-or-break with the Muslim world. The outcome will entirely depend on how he will use his newly acquired electoral capital.
Will he continue to polarise the world in the same way that he has the American people, or will he act wisely to heal divisions at home and abroad?
Amin Saikal is professor of political science and director of the Centre for Arab and Islamic Studies (the Middle East and Central Asia) at the Australian National University.