text:
We provide the opportunity for you
to store your website on the internet,
in addition to all the support and
tools you will ever need to keep it running. We can achieve all of this without damaging the environment. Through the method of methane capture we can reduce our carbon emissions by up to 21 times more than traditional tree planting eco
web hosting companies.
Why Choose Eco Hosting?
In 2013 alone 328 million new websites were registered.
Now more than ever, businesses are looking for ways in which to reduce their impact on the environment.
What are the options?
This is where Wunderism can help.
Our studio is powered completely by renewable sources.
We use servers that are continually monitored by the carbon neutral company to ensure any carbon produced is kept to a minimum. Just to make sure no carbon goes unaccounted for, Wunderism supports methane capture projects.
By joining Wunderism you immediately get a logo to show anyone you want that you have
gone green.
Package includes:
Package includes:
Package includes:
Package includes:
Package includes:
Package includes:
* please note we offer e-mail hosting via Google G Suite
Wunderism can accomadate anybody. By choosing Wunderism you are communicating to your customers that you care about the environment and helps you to stand out from rival businesses who are not environmentally concious. To help reinforce this fact you get a free badge to let your visitors know you have gone green.
At Wunderism you can choose from three generic packages so regardless of whether you are a small start up company or a large established organisation Wunderism has got
you covered.
And if something isn't covered, or you want something extra, we'll create a package that's tailor made for you.
We're a friendly bunch, passionate about helping our clients to make change happen. Choose between our Wunderstuff, Wunderer and Wunderful packages, or want something bespoke? Speak to us to create your own Wunderism package.


text:
Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
Someone is attempting to collect an old debt from me. I had all but forgotten this debt, but as I now live in Illinois, and the SOL is 10 years, they are threatening to send police to my home since I cannot pay a settlement. I'm not sure exactly what they mean by sending the police, but they expressed this threat to my partner, who is a PTSD/bipolar patient, and she cannot handle this kind of phone call. I am unable to pay the settlement amount as suggested, but I did ask if I could make payments. He said that I could pay the debt, that I just didn't want to. I'm not sure how to proceed. It's true that I don't want to, but also that I cannot. I can't afford any extra stress or bills right now, with pending hospitalization bills from 2 recent suicide attempts by my partner. Any ideas?
If I understand you correctly, you have not yet been sued on the debt (which would likely be the sheriff coming to your door with service of the Summons and Complaint). If the debt is legitimate and they are aggresssively pursuing you, you can choose to send them a letter in writing telling them that you dispute the debt and instructing them not to make or attempt further contact. If you do this, their remedy would be to sue you if they are not bluffing about pursuing the collection on the debt. If you can work something out, get it in writing - offer what you are able to pay.
Advice on this forum is for informational purposes only and should never be mistaken as a substitute for legal advice. If you are in need of legal advice, you should consult local legal counsel.Ask a similar question
What Are Debt Collectors Allowed to Do to Collect Debts? A: In general, debt collectors are allowed to make civilized contact with you to make arrangements for payment of the debt. If you fail or refuse to pay a valid debt, debt collectors are legally allowed to use legal process to collect the debt, including obtaining a judgment against you, wage garnishment or attachment of your bank accounts, investment accounts or real estate. Debt collectors are also allowed to credit-report a valid debt to the credit reporting agencies, so long as the credit reporting is accurate.
What Are Debt Collectors Not Allowed to Do? There are many things that debt collectors are not allowed to do when collecting debts, even when the debts are valid debts. The following list is only a partial list of the things which debt collectors are not allowed to do when collecting debts:
Debt collectors may not use threats of physical force or violence in collecting debts. They may not threaten criminal prosecution for non-payment of the debt. They may not threaten to tell uninvolved third persons about your debt in an effort to humiliate or embarrass you. They cannot use obscene or profane language when contacting you to collect debts. When a debt collector contacts you, he or she must correctly identify who they are, the purpose of the contact and the fact that it is an effort to collect a debt. Debt collectors cannot lie to you about who they are, who they work for or why they're calling you. If they are not an attorney, they cannot represent to you that they are an attorney. Similarly, they cannot misrepresent to you that they are police officers, FBI officers, or sheriffs. They cannot cause a phone to ring continuously or repeatedly to harass you, and may not call you too frequently or at odd hours to harass you. Debt collectors generally can only call you between 8 a.m. and 9 p.m., unless you give them permission to call at some other time. With limited exceptions, debt collectors cannot contact your employer concerning the debt. With limited exceptions, debt collectors cannot call your family members about the debt.
They cannot publish to anyone a "deadbeat's list" of persons who allegedly have not paid their debts. If you advise a debt collector that you are represented by an attorney and wish to conduct all further discussions only through counsel, the debt collector must cease calling you and must thereafter only contact you through your attorney. If you advise a debt collector to cease communications with you, the debt collector must do so after advising you of any additional debt collection steps that may be taken. If your original contract with the creditor does not provide for attorney's fees or other penalties, the debt collector cannot add these to the debt. Debt collectors cannot use fraudulent legal forms to collect debts. They cannot solicit post-dated checks and cannot accept checks post-dated by more than five days.
REQUEST: Please give this answer a "thumbs up"(below) if you find it valuable.
Disclaimer: This answer does not constitute legal advice. I am admitted in the States of New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts only and make no attempt to opine on matters of law that are not relevant to those three States. This advice is based on general principles of law that may or may not relate to your specific situation. Facts and laws change and these possible changes will affect the advice provided here. Consult an attorney in your locale before you act on any of this advice. You should not rely on this advice alone and nothing in these communications creates an attorney client relationship.Ask a similar question
Post a free question on our public forum.Ask a Question
- or -
Search for lawyers by reviews and ratings.Find a Lawyer

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"Glee" Debuts Fashion's Night Out Music Video: Watch Now!
Posted Wednesday August 24, 2011 11:50 AM GMT
They sure know how to put on a show, and the cast of "Glee" has released a new music video for Fashion's Night Out - which takes place on September 8th this year.
The talented cast filmed and recorded the creative offering to David Bowie's song "Fashion" while it premiered during a rebroadcast of a Season 2 episode on Tuesday night (August 23).
Available for viewing pleasure above, the music video features the group decked out in designer ensembles as they strut their stuff down the catwalk.
Lea Michele sings lead and no doubt wows the audience while the other cast members, including Dianna Agron and Darren Criss, join in on the singing fun.
Photo Credit: Twentieth Century Fox
filed under Glee, Lea Michele, Dianna Agron, Cory Monteith, Naya Rivera, Heather Morris, Chord Overstreet, Darren Criss, Music


text:
New Literary Agency
Dede Cummings started her literary career as a book designer at Little Brown & Company. Prior to working at Little Brown, she worked at David R. Godine in Boston as a designer and production editor. Design is something she loves to do, and she still designs covers and interiors of books; most notably, she is a six-time winner of the New England Book Award for a number of authors' works, including Slow Learner by Thomas Pynchon, Voices From The Moon by Andre Dubus, a reissue of Borstal Boy by Brendan Behan, along with four books of poetry by Mary Oliver.
She is also a publicist and literary agent for emerging writers. She's been coined as one of the most accessible and yet well-connected agents starting out in the business. Because she is an author herself, she understands both sides of the publishing process. Dede is a 2010 graduate of the Harvard Medical School's Department of Continuing Education course "Publishing Books, Memoirs and Other Creative Non-Fiction," under the direction of Julie Silver, M.D. Her first book, Living With Crohn's & Colitis: A Comprehensive Naturopathic Guide for Complete Digestive Wellness, was published in 2010 by Hatherleigh Press and distributed by Random House. She has another cookbook (Cooking Well:IBS) under the same imprint, and her third book—Questions for the Dalai Lama—is due out in 2014.
Dede holds a BA from Middlebury College in Literature where she was also a poetry contributor at the Bread Loaf Writers Conference and was the recipient of the Mary Dunning Thwing Award. In 1991, she received an award to study with Hayden Carruth at the Bennington Writers' Workshop. Dede has had her poetry published in Mademoiselle magazine and ConnotationPress; she was a Discovery/The Nation poetry semi-finalist.
Dede attended the 2012 National Publicity Summit in NYC, where she established media contacts at this premier event. She is excited to work with writers — from Children's picture books, YA fiction and non-fiction, to adult trade books, and she will help you think about all aspects of publishing from pitch to publicity, and even self-publishing. In its first year, the Dede Cummings Literary Agency has sold a number of books to the trade, most notably, "Moccasins: Raising Your Kids to Navigate Their Own Terrain," by Krissy Pozatek to Josh Bartok at Wisdom, and "Wonder Woman Isn't Bulletproof," by Shannon Galpin to Daniela Rapp at St. Martin's Press.
Cummings writes, "I just held my first book auction, and inked a book deal with St. Martin's Press for Shannon Galpin's sports-adventure-feminist memoir, "Wonder Woman Isn't Bulletproof." It is comings out in 2014, in hardcover, with a four-color photo insert. National Geographic Adventurer of the Year, Shannon works with women and girls in conflict areas, mostly in Afghanistan."
She recently signed fiction writer, Tom Pope, and his stellar futurist-fiction, "The Trouble With Wisdom," along with New Dehli novelist, CP Surendran—the latest to join her agency. To round things out, Dede also represents two memoirists: widow of a NYPD officer killed in a terrorist bombing, Kathleen Murray Moran, and women's nature writer, Kathleen Saville.
Dede has also founded a co-publishing group called Green Writers Press, which is now represented nationally and in the UK by Midpoint Trade Books. Their first children's book, an illustrated children's alphabet book with two-line rhyming couplets, called "The Bird Book," is coming out in the fall of 2013, along with a YA/adult collection of place-based nature tales and observations tentatively titled, "The Beavers of Popple's Pond: Tales of Love and Observations in Nature," and the humorous mother-daughter short fiction tale of awakening entitled, "Ethel Katz Finds Her Guru."
Dede is interested in literary fiction, both adult and YA, Children's picture book manuscripts, self-help memoir, health and wellness. Submissions can be emailed to her at email@example.com and usually take 6-10 weeks for review. Self- or co-publishing writers may also contact Dede at this email.
My first feature about my agency… New Literary Agency.
It is really exciting to have launched this, and already I am getting some pretty awesome queries. Thanks to Kathy Temean for writing this up, and helping writers, illustrators, agents and publishers … I am really honored.
Here are some photos from the shoot, by Jeff Woodward. © 2013 Woodward Photography
I was nervous about having my photo taken…but Jeff Woodward and his wife, Leslie, made the whole process fun and not intimidating at all… I recommend them for portrait photography, and they do amazing senior portraits for high school seniors. So, here I am wearing my daughter's jeans, my sister, Connie's shirt, and my Experienced Goods flats :!) http://jeffwoodwardphotography.com
Share this:
~ by Dede Cummings on May 13, 2013.
Posted in literary agency
Tags: Agent, book design, Daniela Rapp, dcdesign, Dede Cummings, Desha Peacock, Jeff Woodward Photography, Josh Bartok, Kathleen Murray Moran, Kathleen Saville, Kitchencat, Krissy Pozatek, Little Brown & Company, National Geographic, National Publicity Summit, need to know, opportunity, Publishers and Agencies | Tags: BA Middlebury College in Literature, Robert Schelling, Shannon Galpin, St. Martin's Press, Sweet Spot Style, Tom Pope, Wisdom Publications
9 Responses to "New Literary Agency"
Carolyn Kasper said this on May 13, 2013 at 6:05 pm | Reply
Hello Dede,
Lovely to meet you…I'm so glad I read the post on Kathy's blog. I am blown away with all you have accomplished! Your book on cooking for those with IBS is a must have for me as my husband deals with this issue.
In addition to cooking for my husband :), I also write picture books. I'm a bit confused by the term – illustrated children's books. Are you not accepting picture book manuscripts unless the author also illustrates them?
In any case, best of luck in this new path…I am sure you will have much success!
viviankirkfield said this on May 14, 2013 at 9:25 pm | Reply
Dear Vivian,
So nice to hear from you! I am glad to know of your interest in my new agency, and to clarify the term I am accepting Children's picture book manuscripts without illustrations.
Dede Cummings said this on May 14, 2013 at 9:54 pm | Reply
Dear Dede,
Thank you so much for answering my question…and so quickly!
When I return from Singapore at the end of this month (I'm speaking at the 2013 Asian Festival of Children's Content…so honored by the invitation and just a tad bit nervous), I plan to submit something to you.
I shared the post because I think you are someone the kid lit community needs to know about. 🙂
viviankirkfield said this on May 16, 2013 at 12:32 am
My name is Joseph McCarthy I am a special needs author and was wondering if I can send you my picture book if that's ok?
Joseph McCarthy said this on July 5, 2013 at 3:45 am | Reply
My name is Joseph McCarthy and I am a special needs author, with a new picture book idea looking for an agent or publisher and was wondering if i can send you a couple of my picture books if that's alright ?
authorjosephmccarthy said this on July 5, 2013 at 3:49 am | Reply
Dear Joseph, I'm a bit behind because if the wonderful publicity I received, so if you are still up for it, I'd live to see your submission. Best regards, Dede
Dede Cummings said this on July 5, 2013 at 2:55 pm | Reply
I am,what is your email so I can send my submission to you?
authorjosephmccarthy said this on July 5, 2013 at 5:34 pm
I just send you my book hope you like it.
authorjosephmccarthy said this on July 6, 2013 at 1:22 am | Reply


text:
出典: meddic
WordNet [license wordnet]「anemia resulting from eating fava beans; victims have an inherited blood abnormality and enzyme deficiency」
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/05/15 22:55:24」(JST)
wiki en[Wiki en表示]
|Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
|Classification and external resources
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is an X-linked recessive hereditary disease characterised by abnormally low levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (abbreviated G6PD or G6PDH), a metabolic enzyme involved in the pentose phosphate pathway, especially important in red blood cell metabolism. G6PD deficiency is the most common human enzyme defect.[1] Individuals with the disease may exhibit nonimmune hemolytic anemia in response to a number of causes, most commonly infection or exposure to certain medications or chemicals. G6PD deficiency is closely linked to favism, a disorder characterized by a hemolytic reaction to consumption of broad beans, with a name derived from the Italian name of the broad bean (fava). The name favism is sometimes used to refer to the enzyme deficiency as a whole, although this is misleading as not all people with G6PD deficiency will manifest a physically observable reaction to consumption of broad beans.
Classification [edit]
The World Health Organization classifies G6PD genetic variants into five classes, the first three of which are deficiency states.[2]
- Severe deficiency (<10% activity) with chronic (nonspherocytic) hemolytic anemia
- Severe deficiency (<10% activity), with intermittent hemolysis
- Mild deficiency (10-60% activity), hemolysis with stressors only
- Non-deficient variant, no clinical sequelae
- Increased enzyme activity, no clinical
Signs and symptoms [edit]
Most individuals with G6PD deficiency are asymptomatic.
Symptomatic patients are almost exclusively male, due to the X-linked pattern of inheritance, but female carriers can be clinically affected due to unfavorable lyonization, where random inactivation of an X-chromosome in certain cells creates a population of G6PD-deficient red blood cells coexisting with normal red cells. A typical female with one affected X chromosome will show the deficiency in approximately half of her red blood cells. However, in rare cases, including double X deficiency, the ratio can be much more than half, making the individual almost as sensitive as a male.
Abnormal red blood cell breakdown (hemolysis) in G6PD deficiency can manifest in a number of ways, including the following:
- Prolonged neonatal jaundice, possibly leading to kernicterus (arguably the most serious complication of G6PD deficiency)
- Hemolytic crises in response to:
- Illness (especially infections)
- Certain drugs (see below)
- Certain foods, most notably broad beans
- Certain chemicals
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Very severe crises can cause acute renal failure
Favism may be formally defined as a haemolytic response to the consumption of broad beans. All individuals with favism show G6PD deficiency. However, not all individuals with G6PD deficiency show favism. For example, in a small study of 757 Saudi men, more than 42% showed a variant of G6PD deficiency, but none displayed symptoms of favism.[3] Favism is known to be more prevalent in infants and children, and G6PD genetic variant can influence chemical sensitivity.[4] Other than this, the specifics of the chemical relationship between favism and G6PD are not well understood.
Cause [edit]
Environmental triggers [edit]
Many substances are potentially harmful to people with G6PD deficiency. Variation in response to these substances makes individual predictions difficult. Antimalarial drugs that can cause acute haemolysis in people with G6PD deficiency include primaquine, pamaquine, and chloroquine. There is evidence that other antimalarials may also exacerbate G6PD deficiency, but only at higher doses. Sulfonamides (such as sulfanilamide, sulfamethoxazole, and mafenide), thiazolesulfone, methylene blue, and naphthalene should also be avoided by people with G6PD deficiency, as should certain analgesics (such as aspirin, phenazopyridine, and acetanilide) and a few non-sulfa antibiotics (nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, isoniazid, dapsone, and furazolidone).[1][5][6] Henna has been known to cause haemolytic crisis in G6PD-deficient infants.[7]
Genetics [edit]
The two variants (G6PD A− and G6PD Mediterranean) are the most commonly inherited variants. G6PD A− has an occurrence of 10% of American blacks while G6PD Mediterranean is prevalent in the Middle East. The known distribution of the disease is largely limited to people of Mediterranean origins (Spaniards, Italians, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews).[8] These variants are believed to stem from a protective effect against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria.[9]
All mutations that cause G6PD deficiency are found on the long arm of the X chromosome, on band Xq28. The G6PD gene spans some 18.5 kilobases.[5] The following variants and mutations are well-known and described:
Table 1. Descriptive mutations and variants Variants or mutations Gene Protein Designation Short name Isoform
OMIM-Code Type Subtype Position Position Structure change Function change G6PD-A(+) Gd-A(+) G6PD A +305900.0001 Polymorphism nucleotide A→G 376
(Exon 5)
126 Asparagine→Aspartic acid (ASN126ASP) No enzyme defect (variant) G6PD-A(-) Gd-A(-) G6PD A +305900.0002 Substitution nucleotide G→A 376
(Exon 5)202
Valine→Methionine (VAL68MET)
Asparagine→Aspartic acid (ASN126ASP)
G6PD-Mediterran Gd-Med G6PD B +305900.0006 Substitution nucleotide C→T 563
(Exon 6)
188 Serine→Phenylalanine (SER188PHE) Class II G6PD-Canton Gd-Canton G6PD B +305900.0021 Substitution nucleotide G→T 1376 459 Arginine→Leucine (ARG459LEU) Class II G6PD-Chatham Gd-Chatham G6PD +305900.0003 Substitution nucleotide G→A 1003 335 Alanine→Threonine (ALA335THR) Class II G6PD-Cosenza Gd-Cosenza G6PD B +305900.0059 Substitution nucleotide G→A 1376 459 Arginine→Proline (ARG459PRO) G6PD-activity <10%, thus high portion of patients. G6PD-Mahidol Gd-Mahidol G6PD +305900.0005 Substitution nucleotide G→A 487
(Exon 6)
163 Glycine→Serine (GLY163SER) Class II G6PD-Orissa Gd-Orissa G6PD +305900.0047 Substitution nucleotide 44 Alanine→Glycine (ALA44GLY) NADP-binding place affected. Higher stability than other variants. G6PD-Asahi Gd-Asahi G6PD A- +305900.0054 Substitution nucleotide (several) A→G
(Exon 5)202
Asparagine→Aspartic acid (ASN126ASP)
Valine→Methionine (VAL68MET)
Class III.
Pathophysiology [edit]
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (see image, also known as the HMP shunt pathway). G6PD converts glucose-6-phosphate into 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone and is the rate-limiting enzyme of this metabolic pathway that supplies reducing energy to cells by maintaining the level of the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). The NADPH in turn maintains the supply of reduced glutathione in the cells that is used to mop up free radicals that cause oxidative damage.
The G6PD / NADPH pathway is the only source of reduced glutathione in red blood cells (erythrocytes). The role of red cells as oxygen carriers puts them at substantial risk of damage from oxidizing free radicals except for the protective effect of G6PD/NADPH/glutathione.
People with G6PD deficiency are therefore at risk of hemolytic anemia in states of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can result from infection and from chemical exposure to medication and certain foods. Broad beans, e.g., fava beans, contain high levels of vicine, divicine, convicine and isouramil, all of which are oxidants.
When all remaining reduced glutathione is consumed, enzymes and other proteins (including hemoglobin) are subsequently damaged by the oxidants, leading to electrolyte imbalance, cross-bonding and protein deposition in the red cell membranes. Damaged red cells are phagocytosed and sequestered (taken out of circulation) in the spleen. The hemoglobin is metabolized to bilirubin (causing jaundice at high concentrations). The red cells rarely disintegrate in the circulation, so hemoglobin is rarely excreted directly by the kidney, but this can occur in severe cases, causing acute renal failure .
Deficiency of G6PD in the alternative pathway causes the build up of glucose and thus there is an increase of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). The deficiency also reduces the amount of NADPH, which is required for the formation of nitric oxide (NO). The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension in Afro-Caribbeans in the West could be directly related to the incidence of G6PD deficiency in those populations.[10]
Although female carriers can have a mild form of G6PD deficiency (dependent on the degree of inactivation of the unaffected X chromosome – see lyonization), homozygous females have been described; in these females there is co-incidence of a rare immune disorder termed chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).
Diagnosis [edit]
The diagnosis is generally suspected when patients from certain ethnic groups (see epidemiology) develop anemia, jaundice and symptoms of hemolysis after challenges from any of the above causes, especially when there is a positive family history.
Generally, tests will include:
- Complete blood count and reticulocyte count; in active G6PD deficiency, Heinz bodies can be seen in red blood cells on a blood film;
- Liver enzymes (to exclude other causes of jaundice);
- Lactate dehydrogenase (elevated in hemolysis and a marker of hemolytic severity)
- Haptoglobin (decreased in hemolysis);
- A "direct antiglobulin test" (Coombs' test) – this should be negative, as hemolysis in G6PD is not immune-mediated;
When there are sufficient grounds to suspect G6PD, a direct test for G6PD is the "Beutler fluorescent spot test", which has largely replaced an older test (the Motulsky dye-decolouration test). Other possibilities are direct DNA testing and/or sequencing of the G6PD gene.
The Beutler fluorescent spot test is a rapid and inexpensive test that visually identifies NADPH produced by G6PD under ultraviolet light. When the blood spot does not fluoresce, the test is positive; it can be falsely negative in patients who are actively hemolysing. It can therefore only be done 2–3 weeks after a hemolytic episode.
When a macrophage in the spleen identifies a RBC with a Heinz body, it removes the precipitate and a small piece of the membrane, leading to characteristic "bite cells". However, if a large number of Heinz bodies are produced, as in the case of G6PD deficiency, some Heinz bodies will nonetheless be visible when viewing RBCs that have been stained with crystal violet. This easy and inexpensive test can lead to an initial presumption of G6PD deficiency, which can be confirmed with the other tests.
Treatment [edit]
The most important measure is prevention – avoidance of the drugs and foods that cause hemolysis. Vaccination against some common pathogens (e.g. hepatitis A and hepatitis B) may prevent infection-induced attacks.[11]
In the acute phase of hemolysis, blood transfusions might be necessary, or even dialysis in acute renal failure. Blood transfusion is an important symptomatic measure, as the transfused red cells are generally not G6PD deficient and will live a normal lifespan in the recipient's circulation.
Some patients may benefit from removal of the spleen (splenectomy),[12] as this is an important site of red cell destruction. Folic acid should be used in any disorder featuring a high red cell turnover. Although vitamin E and selenium have antioxidant properties, their use does not decrease the severity of G6PD deficiency.
Epidemiology [edit]
G6PD deficiency is the most common human enzyme defect, being present in more than 400 million people worldwide.[13] African, Middle Eastern and South Asian people are affected the most along with those who are mixed with any of the above.[14] A side effect of this disease is that it confers protection against malaria,[15] in particular the form of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly form of malaria. A similar relationship exists between malaria and sickle-cell disease. One theory to explain this is that cells infected with the Plasmodium parasite are cleared more rapidly by the spleen. This phenomenon might give G6PD deficiency carriers an evolutionary advantage by increasing their fitness in malarial endemic environments.
Prognosis [edit]
G6PD-deficient individuals do not appear to acquire any illnesses more frequently than other people, and may have less risk than other people for acquiring ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.[16]
History [edit]
Favism is a disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia in response to ingestion of fava beans. Favism as a diagnosis has been known since antiquity. One theory for the Pythagoreans' avoidance of beans is avoidance of favism, but more likely, this was a philosophical matter, such as the belief that beans and humans were created from the same material.[17][18]
The modern understanding of the condition began with the analysis of patients who exhibited sensitivity to primaquine.[19] The discovery of G6PD deficiency relied heavily upon the testing of prisoner volunteers at Illinois State Penitentiary, although today such studies cannot be performed. When some prisoners were given the drug primaquine, some developed hemolytic anemia but others did not. After studying the mechanism through Cr51 testing, it was conclusively shown that the hemolytic effect of primaquine was due to an intrinsic defect of erythrocytes.[20]
References [edit]
- ^ a b Frank JE (October 2005). "Diagnosis and management of G6PD deficiency". Am Fam Physician 72 (7): 1277–82. PMID 16225031.
- ^ WHO Working Group (1989). "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.". Bulletin of the World Health Organization 67 (6): 601–11. PMID 2633878.
- ^ Al-Ali, AK (1996). "Common G6PD variant from Saudi population and its prevalence" (PDF). Annals of Saudi Medicine 16 (6): 654–6. ISSN 02564947. PMID 17429252. Retrieved May 17, 2009. "This has led to the identification of one genetically determined common variant, 'G6PD Mediterranean.' The overall prevalence rate of this deficiency in these areas was determined to be in excess of 42%. None of the subjects studied displayed any sign of favism"
- ^ Luzzatto, L. "GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY." Advanced Medicine-Twelve: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the Royal College of Physicians of London, 11-14 February 1985. Vol. 21. Churchill Livingstone, 1986.
- ^ a b Warrell, David A.; Timothy M. Cox, John D. Firth, Edward J. Benz (2005). Oxford Textbook of Medicine, Volume Three. Oxford University Press. pp. 720–725. ISBN 0-19-857013-9.
- ^ A comprehensive list of drugs and chemicals that are potentially harmful in G6PD deficiency can be found in Beutler E (December 1994). "G6PD deficiency". Blood 84 (11): 3613–36. PMID 7949118. .
- ^ Raupp P, Hassan JA, Varughese M, Kristiansson B (2001). "Henna causes life threatening haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency". Arch. Dis. Child. 85 (5): 411–2. doi:10.1136/adc.85.5.411. PMC 1718961. PMID 11668106.
- ^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/202897/favism
- ^ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon (2009-05-28). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Professional Edition: Expert Consult - Online (Robbins Pathology) (Kindle Locations 33351-33354). Elsevier Health. Kindle Edition.
- ^ Gaskin RS, Estwick D, Peddi R (2001). "G6PD deficiency: its role in the high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus". Ethnicity & disease 11 (4): 749–54. PMID 11763298.
- ^ Monga A, Makkar RP, Arora A, Mukhopadhyay S, Gupta AK (July 2003). "Case report: Acute hepatitis E infection with coexistent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency". Can J Infect Dis 14 (4): 230–1. PMC 2094938. PMID 18159462.
- ^ Hamilton JW, Jones FG, McMullin MF (August 2004). "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Guadalajara – a case of chronic non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia responding to splenectomy and the role of splenectomy in this disorder". Hematology 9 (4): 307–9. doi:10.1080/10245330410001714211. PMID 15621740.
- ^ Cappellini MD, Fiorelli G (January 2008). "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency". Lancet 371 (9606): 64–74. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60073-2. PMID 18177777.
- ^ G-6-PD FAQ section
- ^ Mehta A, Mason PJ, Vulliamy TJ (2000). "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency". Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol. 13 (1): 21–38. PMID 10916676.
- ^ thefreedictionary.com > glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency citing: Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008
- ^ Gabrielle Hatfield, review of Frederick J. Simoons, Plants of Life, Plants of Death, University of Wisconsin Press, 1999. ISBN 0-299-15904-3. In Folklore 111:317–318 (2000). at JSTOR
- ^ Rendall, Steven; Riedweg, Christoph (2005). Pythagoras: his life, teaching, and influence. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-4240-0.
- ^ Alving AS, Carson PE, Flanagan CL, Ickes CE (September 1956). "Enzymatic deficiency in primaquine-sensitive erythrocytes" (PDF). Science 124 (3220): 484–5. Bibcode:1956Sci...124..484C. doi:10.1126/science.124.3220.484-a. PMID 13360274.
- ^ Beutler E (January 2008). "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a historical perspective". Blood 111 (1): 16–24. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-04-077412. PMID 18156501.
External links [edit]
- G6PD Deficiency Association
- G6PD Deficiency & Favism Website
- The G6PD homepage
- The G6PDdb – genetic and structural information database about glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- A FAQ page on G6PD Deficiency by R&D Diagnostics
- Family Practice Notebook/G6PD Deficiency (Favism)
- The Most Common Disease You've Never Heard Of, by Randall Amster, The Huffington Post, July 22, 2009.
- Rare Anemias Foundation
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
- 1. グルコース-6-リン酸脱水素酵素欠損症の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- 2. グルコース-6-リン酸脱水素酵素欠損症の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- 3. 機械的損傷による外因性非免疫性溶血性貧血:断片化溶血および脾機能亢進 extrinsic nonimmune hemolytic anemia due to mechanical damage fragmentation hemolysis and hypersplenism
- 4. ヘキソースリン酸側路およびグルタチオン代謝疾患(グルコース-6-リン酸脱水素酵素欠損症を除く) disorders of the hexose monophosphate shunt and glutathione metabolism other than glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency enhances germ cell apoptosis and causes defective embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.
- Yang HC, Chen TL, Wu YH, Cheng KP, Lin YH, Cheng ML, Ho HY, Lo SJ, Chiu DT.Source1] Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan [2] Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Cell death & disease.Cell Death Dis.2013 May 2;4:e616. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2013.132.
- Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, known as favism, is classically manifested by hemolytic anemia in human. More recently, it has been shown that mild G6PD deficiency moderately affects cardiac function, whereas severe G6PD deficiency leads to embryonic lethality in mice. How G6PD
- Small amplicons high resolution melting analysis (SA-HRMA) allows successful genotyping of acid phosphatase 1 (ACP1) polymorphisms in the Italian population.
- Minucci A, Canu G, Gentile L, Zuppi C, Giardina B, Capoluongo E.SourceLaboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Italy. firstname.lastname@example.com
- Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.Clin Chim Acta.2013 Feb 1;416:86-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.023. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
- BACKGROUND: The ACP1 gene, encoding a low-molecular-weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP), has been suggested as a common genetic factor of several human diseases, including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, favism and tumors. For this reason, the ACP1 enzyme has been investigated by case
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants Associated with Favism in Thai Children
- LAOSOMBAT Vichai,SATTAYASEVANA Benjamas,CHOTSAMPANCHAROEN Teerachit,WONGCHANCHAILERT Malai
- International journal of hematology 83(2), 139-143, 2006-02-15
- Haptoglobin therapy for acute favism : a Japanese boy with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Guadalajara
- Br J Haematol. 89, 421-423, 1995
- [Favism; morphologic and functional research on myelograms in favism.] Riforma Med. 1950 Aug 12; 64(32):885-90. [Riforma Med. 1950] [Favism; first observations on the familial blood picture and serological alterations in Int J ...
- favism /fa·vism/ (fa´vizm) an acute hemolytic anemia precipitated by fava beans (ingestion, or inhalation of pollen), usually caused by deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the erythrocytes. fa·vism (f v z m) n. An acute ...
- 英
- [[]]
- 同
- favism
- 関
- [[]]
- 同
- favism
- 英
- favism
- 関
- ソラマメ中毒
- 英
- favism
- 関
- ソラマメ症


text:
The Foreign Office (FCO) had refused the request from the Lib Dems, saying it might "harm the frankness and candour of internal discussion".
But Parliamentary Ombudsman Ann Abraham rejected its reasoning and recommended the information be released.
Lib Dem peer Lord Lester said the FCO's continued refusal to reveal the date was "deplorable".
He intends to apply for the information under the Freedom of Information Act.
Although Lord Butler's inquiry found much of the pre-war intelligence was unreliable, the prime minister has said he acted in good faith and maintains that Saddam Hussein posed a threat.
Various groups have requested the attorney general's full advice on the legality of the conflict under the Freedom of Information Act.
But the government has refused, because it says that this would break the convention that legal advice to the government is not published.
The Lib Dems hope to narrow down the timetable to war - there have been suggestions US plans were passed to UK army bosses in October 2002.
Lib Dem Foreign Affairs spokesman Menzies Campbell said: "There must be a political explanation for the government's obduracy.
"One possible explanation is that as early as April 2002 the legality of military action was under active consideration."
He added : "It is not the national interest which is at stake here, it is government embarrassment."
Lord Lester made a formal complaint to the ombudsman after first submitting a written question in the House of Lords in April 2004.
Ministers claimed exemption from the Code of Practice on Access to Government Information on the grounds that releasing the date would "harm the frankness" of private talks.
But the conclusion to the ombudsman's report, made public by the Lib Dems, reads: "I have found that the code exemption cited by the department could not be applied to the information sought by Lord Lester.
"I therefore upheld his complaint and recommended that the information be released to him, with whatever other details might be necessary in order to put that information into context.
"I am disappointed that the department have found themselves unable to accept this recommendation."
A spokesman for the FCO told BBC News the department would not be complying with the ombudsman's advice.
"The FCO can't disclose the date because in doing so we would negatively impact on our ability to have frank policy discussions with our legal advisers in the future," he said.


text:
Unilever PLC (NYSE: UL) is a large market cap stock with a market cap of 140746.19. It is in the Personal Products industry and sector Consumer Goods, with a current P/E of 24.32, a forward P/E of 22.39 and EPS of 1.92. At a stock price of 46.83 (0.09%) it has a dividend yield of 3.01%.
EPS growth for the last five years have been 3.30%, more recently this last year it has grown by -4.20%. The next year growth is going to be about 7.73% and more long-term 7.10% after five years. EPS growth quarter over quarter is 1.00%. Sales growth for the past five years have been 3.80% and sales growth quarter over quarter is -2.60%.
For performance, Unilever PLC the past week has seen a gain of 1.34%. For the last month performance for Unilever PLC is -0.60%. While the last quarter is 4.37% and half year, 10.52%. Finally for the year, performance is 9.46%.
The 52-week high for Unilever PLC, is at -2.29%, and for the 52-week low it comes to a value of 25.11%. The 20-day simple moving average is 1.58% and 6.66% for the 200-day simple moving average.
Volatility for the week is at 0.81%, and for the month it is 0.81%. Unilever PLC, has a target price of 48.
In terms of debt, long term debt/equity is 0.73, and for total debt/equity Unilever PLC has 1.13. The gross margin is *TBA, while operating margin is *TBA, the profit margin is *TBA. The current ratio is 0.7 and the quick ratio is 0.5.
Insider ownership is at 2.90%, with instituitional ownership at 9.00%. Unilever PLC has a payout ratio of *TBA. With the total shares outstanding coming to 3008.04. The shares float is 1358.71, with the float short at 0.08%, with short ratio coming to 0.81.
In terms of returns, the return on assets see Unilever PLC, get *TBA, with its returns on investment at 18.50%. Return on equity is *TBA. So will the investors see the target price of 48, reached soon?
Disclaimer: Remember there is a risk to your investment, this is not a recommendation, nor personal advice, never invest more than you are able too loose.


text:
NEW YO-YO Double Walled Glass and Tea Strainer, Shiny Stainless Steel, 12 oz
The tea infuser YOYO is a solution that is both, decorative and functional. With a length of 11.7 cm (4.6 inch), it fits into all BODUM mugs. The perforated strainer ensures that leaves and kernels remain in the strainer. The lid has two purposes: if put upside down onto the strainer, it keeps the water warm while the tea is brewing - if flipped after the brewing, it can be used as a saucer for the tea infuser. The hole on top of the tea infuser allows for easy storage by just hanging it up.
More Information
Item #29575 | NEW YO-YO Glass and Tea Strainer
Availability: Not Available


text: The Merchant of Venice co-star Al Pacino once said to Charlie: "You're not an actor until you've got a leather jacket". So for his 21st birthday, Charlie asked his parents to buy him one. On his birthday, Al Pacino called to greet him. Charlie considers that day to be one of the most bizarre things that has ever happened to him.


text:
Now Playing
Brideshead Revisited - Theme Geoffrey Burgon Download 'Brideshead Revisited - Theme' on iTunes
We have selected some of our favourite products that we know will make PERFECT CHRISTMAS PRESENTS... plus pick up a little something for yourself whilst you're at it.
Christmas is fast approaching, and if you want to buy presents for a classical music lover, you've come to the right place. Go on, grab yourself a bargain.
*prices subject to change
Piano Encores is the second album from piano sensation Ji Liu. A collection of awe-inspiring works by some of the world's greatest composers, including Gershwin, Mozart and Rachmaninov. 18 stunning showstoppers played beautifully by No.1 pianist Ji Liu - sure to get any audience on their feet.
The No.1 debut album from pianist Ji Liu.
Young rising start Ji Liu showcases his exceptional talent, playing some of the greatest piano classics of all time, including pieces by Chopin, Beethoven and Tchaikovsky alongside a beautiful personal favourite by Chinese composer Wencheng, entitled Autumn Moon Over the Calm Lake.
The Classic FM Hall of Fame is the world's biggest annual survey of classical music tastes over the last 20 years, illustrating the nation's favorite pieces of classical music. Our listeners have voted in their thousands since 1996, and to celebrate the 20th anniversary we have created the Ultimate Classic FM Hall of Fame album.
Including the nation's top 30 voted for pieces plus many more!
Add a little sparkle to your Christmas with a stunning collection of carols performed by one of the world's most celebrated vocal ensembles: Paul's Cathedral Choir.
This is their first Christmas album in a decade, with beautiful renditions of stunning carols including Silent Night, Ding Dong Merrily on High, and in the Bleak Mid-winter – definitely worth the wait.
This magnificent double album showcases your favourite melodies from one of Britain's best-loved composers – John Rutter. With one disc dedicated to the most beautiful Christmas carols perfect for the festive season including O Holy Night, Nativity Carol and Shepherd's Pipe Carol, and the other featuring Rutter's world–renowned classics that we all know and love.
Australian-born guitarist Craig Ogden has produced a Christmas album featuring serene solo guitar pieces combined with more upbeat tracks accompanied by string ensemble.
From traditional carols such as O Come, All Ye Faithful to popular modern Christmas music - Walking in the Air and Fairytale of New York - Ogden's smooth and rich sound creates an instant atmosphere of calm and good will.
This 57 track collection offers a great selection of popular classics, both modern and traditional; with great orchestral Film and TV themes, including John Williams' Star Wars theme, Downton Abbey , Black Swan , Gladiator; there's even a piano instrumental recording of the new James Bond Spectre theme 'The Writing's on the Wall'.
The Last Waltz tells the intriguing story of two generations of the Viennese family that produced some of the best-known and best-loved music of the 19th century.
John Suchet skilfully portrays their gripping story, capturing the family dramas, the tensions, triumphs and disasters, all set against the turbulent backdrop of Austria in the 19th century, from revolution to regicide.
Buy limited signed edition from Waterstones (signed by John Suchet)
We have Handy Guides covering ... Film Music, Video Game Music, Classical Recordings, Opera, Ballet, The Orchestra and a slightly larger guide covering everything you ever wanted to know about classical music!
Classic FM's Handy Guides are a fun and informative set of introductions to standout subjects within classical music, each of which can be read and digested in one sitting: a perfect collectible series. There are 7 titles in this range, so have a browse on the link below and choose your favourite(s).
In this fun and light-hearted book, see the world of classical music as it's never been seen before.
Using flow charts, pie charts, Venn diagrams, checklists, graphs and other ingenious graphics, the Classic FM team have neatly represented Britain's favourite pieces of classical music, musicians and composers, along with insights on orchestras, concert etiquette, and much more, in nearly 100 simple and amusing images.
Celebrating the key events that have shaped the way we play and listen to classical music today.
5o beautiful Christmas songs performed by some of your favourite classical artists including Aled Jones, Russell Watson and Katherine Jenkins.
Is finding the perfect Christmas presents stressing you out? Take a moment to chill out, put your feet up and relax with this soothing album.


text:
- Graduate Studies
- Admissions Course Information CSEM/CAM Alumni CS/CSEM Joint Degree CSEM Faculty Funding / Fellowships Student Resources Student Success
- Programs
- CSEM Graduate Studies JTO Fellows Postdoctoral Fellows Moncrief Endowed Positions Moncrief Grand Challenge Faculty Awards Moncrief Undergraduate Summer Internship CSE Certificate Program Carey Scholarship
J. Tinsley Oden Faculty Fellowship Research Program Application
Application Guidelines
- This fund is to be used to support senior visiting scholars. Students, postdoctoral or permanent employees are not eligible.
- Length of visit to ICES must be from a minimum of two weeks to a maximum of one year.
- Priority is given to visitors who interact with sponsors who are active in ICES research activities.
- The following expenses incurred during the visitor's stay will be the responsibility of the faculty sponsor: copying, all mail, long distance charges (including faxes).
- ICES must comply with the UT travel policies concerning maximum expense allowances for state or local funds. If a faculty sponsor arranges hotel accommodation for a visitor and exceeds the required limits, it will be the responsibility of the sponsor to cover the exceeded amount.
- Please refer to the payments and reimbursements guidelines applicable to all program participants.
- Honorarium is given only in rare cases that are approved by the ICES director.
- Please note that J-1 Visas can require three months or more of preparation time. If you think your visit may require this Visa status, please contact the Program Coordinator immediately to discuss visit details and submit application materials as soon as possible.
- All visiting fellows must be sponsored by a ICES faculty member. The sponsor is responsible for submitting a completed application for his/her candidate and for communicating with the Program Coordinator concerning special arrangements such as visas, lodging, etc. The sponsor is also expected to function as a host of the visitor.
- Due to increased immigration requirements, the Program Coordinator must be notified of visa requests at least three months before the visitor's arrival date. Any delay could significantly affect the visitor's arrival date and/or payments.
- Before payments or reimbursements are processed, visiting fellows are required to submit to the Program Coordinator, a one-page summary of research conducted during the visit.
Application Materials
An application form for each proposed visitor must be submitted by the announced deadline to Nora Roostaie, Program Coordinator (firstname.lastname@example.com).
- Application Form (fillable using Adobe Acrobat v7.0 or above).
- Curriculum Vita
- Brief narrative of proposed research Application materials should be submitted to: ICES Faculty Fellowship Research Program Attn: Nora Roostaie, Program Coordinator The University of Texas at Austin 201 E. 24th Street, POB 4.102 Austin, TX 78712-0027 For email submissions, all documents must be PDF formatted. For questions regarding this program contact the Program Coordinator at (firstname.lastname@example.com).


text:
Protocol Enhancement Project: Reference page for Critical Appraisal Teams [698]
Statements should include a brief summary of the supporting evidence including, where possible:
Table 1: Strength of the finding (Health Gain
beneficial - effectiveness clearly demonstrated (1)
likely to be beneficial - effectiveness not so firmly established (2)
trade-off between beneficial and adverse effects - effects weighed according to individual circumstances(3)
unknown - insufficient/inadequate for recommendation (4)
unlikely to be beneficial - ineffectiveness is not as clearly demonstrated as for 6 (5)
likely to be ineffective or harmful - ineffectiveness or harm clearly demonstrated (6)
(adapted from Enkin M, Kierse MJNC, Renfrew M and Neilson J. A guide to effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995)
Evidence should be cited:
Table 2: Guidance on Vancouver System
Standard periodical article
You C H, Lee K Y, Chey R Y, Menguy R. Electrogastrographic study of patients with unexplained nausea, bloating and vomiting - Gastroenterology 1980; 79: 311-4.
(NB List all authors when six or less; when seven or more, list only first three and add et al)
Book or monograph
Eisen H N. Immunology: an introduction to molecular and cellular principles of the immune response. 5th ed. New York: Harper and Row, 1974: 406.
Published proceedings
DuPont B. Bone marrow transplantation in severe combined immuno-deficiency with an unrelated MLC compatible donor. In: White H J, Smith R, eds. Proceedings of the third annual meeting of the International Society for Experimental Hematology. Houston: International Society for Experimental Hematology, 1974:44-6.
Table 3: Type of evidence
Type I evidence - at least one good systematic review (including at least one randomised controlled trial).
Type II evidence - at least one good randomised controlled trial
Type III evidence - well designed other trials
Type IV evidence - well designed non-experimental studies
Type V evidence - expert opinion
|The Statements
|The Evidence
|1.8c. Proactive telephone
counselling of known smokers for smoking cessation is likely to have a small positive
effect (odds ratio at 12 to 18 months follow up 1.20 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.37])i.
(Health gain notation - 2 "likely to be beneficial")
|i. Liechtenstein E,
Glasgow RE, Lando HA, Ossip-Klein DJ. Telephone counseling for smoking cessation:
rationales and meta-analytic review of the evidence. Health Education Research1996;11:243-57
(Type I evidence meta-analysis of systematic review of 13 randomised controlled trials, nine included in the final pooled odds ratio after testing for homogeneity)


text: Hi there :) I am a 27 year old female from Scandinavia (Denmark and Sweden), looking for a place to call home around the 1st of August. I recently moved to the Gold Coast and I am looking for something long term with some friendly roommates. I love to try new things and enjoy meeting people and are really casual and easy going. I am used to live with other people, so therefore know to respect others privacy. Who am I?: - Clean and tidy - Sophisticated and professional - Social, however do not like wild parties - Dedicated to my job - Foodlovers - Loving Fitness - Love animals - Helpful and love to bake Don't hesitate to contact me! Thanks and have a wonderful day :)


text:
- Home
- News
- Sports
- Opinion
- Obituaries
- Features
- Special Sections
- Classifieds
- Public Notices
CRYSTAL RIVER — A citizen's group bent on reversing what itconsiders a "federal seizure" of sovereign Florida waters could have been the author of the old adage — if at first you do not succeed, try, try again.
Save Crystal River Inc. has run into another hurdle in its efforts to rescind the new U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) rules governing waterborne activities: The Florida Fish and Wildlife Concervation Commission (FWC) has rejected the group's petition to revisit the agency's cooperative agreement with USFWS.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Citrus Chronicle, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
|ZIP Code:


text:
Literacy news
Children with too few words at age two 'risk future problems'
24 Feb 2012
Toddlers at the age of two who have a vocabulary of less than 50 words are at risk of developmental problems that can persist into later life according to scientists who have devised a speech test for young children.
Most two-year-olds have a vocabulary of between 75 and 225 words but a minority of less than 15 per cent are "late talkers" who do not use more than 50 words, said Professor Leslie Rescorla of Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania.
A study that identified late talkers at the age of two found that at the age of 17 they continued to perform less well in language tests compared to other children, even though they had no other developmental problems. On starting school most of them were performing in the average range but by the age of 17, the same children performed significantly less well on all the language measures for children of the same age and backgrounds.
Read the full article on The Independent.