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Wyoming State Library (WSL) is poised to take a stronger role in cataloging with a reorganization that has streamlined functions in the new Bibliographic Services work unit.
Bibliographic Services offered by the state library include both original cataloging and assistance with the maintenance of WYLD (Wyoming Libraries Database). When Lesley Boughton, state librarian, took her post in January, she noted there were several employees involved in bibliographic services who were split among different work groups.
"We needed to bring them together to maximize the resources," Boughton explained.
Bobbi Thorpe is acting head of Bibliographic Services, in addition to her primary responsibility as database manager. Boughton said Thorpe has the experience and background to bring high quality leadership to the newly-formed unit.
Thorpe said that prior to the reorganization, WYLD libraries would call her in the WYLD office for cataloging help, while non-WYLD libraries would contact the Business/Technical Services (BATS) office.
Bibliographic services will draw on staff members' existing skills and expertise in both cataloging and WYLD database management to enhance services to libraries in the field.
"There are so many people involved in cataloging and working in parts of the database that we want to draw more on the talent we have here at the Wyoming State Library," Thorpe said.
WSL has staff resources available for cataloging that are often not found in smaller libraries throughout the state. The bibliographic services unit works to make records available quickly through WYLD so that local libraries do not have to duplicate cataloging efforts.
Libraries call on WSL's catalogers for many different types of support, Thorpe said. Smaller libraries often do not have personnel trained specifically in cataloging. They may call for assistance with call numbers or subject analysis. WYLD libraries may encounter a problem retrieving information or may encounter a database conflict. When librarians call on WSL staff for specialized cataloging functions, it allows them to do their jobs more efficiently.
Bibliographic Services staff members perform different functions within the unit. WSL catalogs state documents, a task Janet Williams completes along with cataloging of trade publications. Karen Mydland works with federal documents and Marcive. Jan Batson processes large print materials and performs copy cataloging for state documents and trade publications. Alta Hepner works with the serials module in the WYLD system and checks in periodicals.
In October, Thorpe will attend OCLC training designed for cataloging leaders. She will also work with the library community and with the University of Wyoming to develop training programs for librarians in the state.
The creation of Bibliographic Services is not the only change at the state library. Library development is now grouped with administration, and the business office no longer oversees technical services. The changes have gone into effect to improve WSL services.
The editorial page editor of The Casper-Star Tribune, Charles L. Levendosky, is the recipient of the 1999 Freedom to Read Foundation Roll of Honor Award.
The award recognizes Levendosky's support of intellectual freedom, the freedom to read and his opposition to censorship. He is a frequent lecturer on these topics.
In addition to his duties at The Casper-Star Tribune, Levendosky is a weekly columnist for The New York Times wire service. His columns also appear in more than 190 newspapers in the country.
He created and is Web manager of the First Amendment Cyber-Tribune Web site dedicated to the First Amendment. The site, located at http://w3.trib.com/FACT/, won a first place award in Editor & Publisher's 1996 Best Online Newspaper Services Competition. On behalf of the American Library Association Intellectual Freedom Committee and the Freedom to Read Foundation Board of Trustees, Levendosky created the First Amendment Op-Ed Service dedicated to essays on the dangers of censorship.
Levendosky told American Libraries magazine that receiving the honor is special to him because "librarians are on the front lines of many free speech, free press and freedom-to-read battles. Perhaps no other profession in this era finds itself so embattled to protect our First Amendment rights."
Levendosky is also on the 30th Anniversary Roll of Honor of the Freedom to Read and the American Library Association's Office for Intellectual Freedom.
"We're thrilled to be able to honor Charles for his immeasurable impact on educating the public about the necessity and power of a free press and on safeguarding our freedom to read, learn and connect with the full span of ideas and information," said Candace Morgan, president of the Freedom to Read Foundation (FTRF), in a American Library Association (ALA) press release.
Levendosky is a former Wyoming Center for the Book board member. In 1988, Gov. Mike Sullivan appointed him Poet Laureate of Wyoming. Levendosky was elected to the FTRF board during the ALA mid-winter conference in Philadelphia.
Other awards received by Levendosky include the 1997 Wyoming Press Association's Editorial Leadership Award; the 1994 The Baltimore Sun's H.L. Mencken Award for columns; the 1994 Silver Gavel Award, the American Bar Association's highest media award for columns; the 1987 Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Award for print journalism; and the 1987 John Phillep Immroth Memorial Award for Intellectual Freedom.
Levendosky was a member of the FTRF during the lawsuit brought against the Federal Communications Decency Act.
"Educating the federal judges and creating a lengthy and informative document about the Internet for the (U.S.) Supreme Court was a winning strategy, that, I think, helped the justices recognize the Internet as a publishing venture, a way for the ordinary citizen to pamphleteer thousands of potential readers," he told American Libraries.
The Roll of Honor Award was presented June 26 during the 1999 ALA annual conference.
Wyoming ranked 12th in the nation for quality of its public libraries in the second year of Hennen's American Public Library Rating (HAPLR). The HAPLR index uses 15 factors drawn from Federal-State Cooperative System (FSCS) statistics, which are collected from nearly 9,000 public libraries.
Focus is on circulation, staffing, materials, reference service and funding levels. Factors include both input and output measures and are weighted to give greatest importance to expenditure and visits per capita and cost/circulation ratios.
Data on audiovisual services, interlibrary loan, Internet and electronic services are not included.
HAPLR index scores range from 1 to 1,000. Most libraries scored between 260 and 730, and scores outside that range are remarkable.
Sublette County Library System broke that range with a 731, making it the top-rated system in Wyoming according to HAPLR. The other counties' scores ranged from 374 points to 702, with 13 ranked above the median of 500 for a strong statewide showing.
This year's HAPLR results were published in the September 1999 issue of American Libraries and posted online at http://www.haplr-index.com/. American Libraries' article concluded that although the HAPLR index is a useful tool, there is more to quality of library service than statistics reveal.
HAPLR's author, Thomas J. Hennen, has nearly 25 years experience in public libraries and holds a master's of library science (MLS). He has written for professional jounals and spoken for library associations through the United States and Canada.
A revision of the Wyoming Public Library Trustees Handbook will be coming your way soon. An introduction to public libraries has been added so that the new trustee will be able to see the big picture of public libraries.
This edition has added a significant section on the recruitment of the library director, a process that has occurred for a number of libraries during the last 18 months. Documenting the steps in these hirings helped to create detailed steps that the board should take when recruitment becomes necessary.
The handbook will also discuss board policy and the Internet, micromanagement of operations and the characteristics of board members. Many of these and other sections are based upon the experiences of boards in and out of state.
The distribution of this guide is a reminder to library boards that the state library is always available to give you an update on library issues in the state and region.
Staff are also available to make a presentation and answer your questions. You will be seeing a letter from us listing "hot" topics that might be of interest to you including increasing filtering criticism by radio personality Dr. Laura Schlessinger, communication techniques in dealing with media and public, and Congressional actions to link computer filters to funding.
Finally, a planning committee will begin looking at a statewide workshop on library foundations. The Public Library Funding Retreat in May of 1998 identified the need to strengthen public library foundations as a funding source due to unstable tax revenues. More information will be distributed as the committee develops an agenda, speakers and location.
In 1869, J.A. Campbell, territorial governor of Wyoming, recommended the establishment of a Wyoming Territorial Library in a speech to the Legislature. The Legislature took two years to create the territorial library -- now the Wyoming State Library (WSL) and the Wyoming State Law Library.
Campbell's speech marked the beginning of the Wyoming library community's 130-year history, which is celebrated in a special exhibit at the Wyoming State Museum Oct. 1 - Dec. 31.
Libraries sprouted across Wyoming in the late 1800s and early 1900s, thanks to community support, dedicated librarians and construction funds from the Carnegie Foundation. Photos representing this early history will be on exhibit.
Also represented will be librarians' tools, which have changed from the accession manuals and Cutter tables to card catalogs to the latest in electronic resources. What has not changed is the central role of the librarian -- to organize and retrieve information.
With help from librarians statewide, WSL staff members have worked to gather and organize artifacts for the exhibit. Venice Beske, WSL State Information Services manager, created a timeline of significant events in Wyoming library history in preparation for this event.
The library history exhibit will be on display during the Wyoming Library Association (WLA) 1999 conference in Cheyenne Oct. 14-16. WLA participants are invited to browse the exhibit while at the conference. Museum hours are 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday; admission is free. The museum is located in the Barrett Building at 2301 Central Ave. in Cheyenne. For more information, call 307/772-7022.
The Wyoming State Museum store will hold its first ever book sale at the same time as the libraries exhibit. Store hours are 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday.
Wyoming Library Association (WLA) will hold its annual conference Oct. 14-16 in Cheyenne at the Hitching Post Inn, with the theme "America's Libraries: Embracing the Future, Preserving the Past."
Events will start with a Wednesday night reception featuring the Large Print Rotating Collections.
Keynote speaker for the conference will be William Gordon, executive director of American Library Association (ALA).
Sessions will cover a wide range of topics, including information about WLA, endowments, customer service, library advocacy, Internet filtering,Y2K, collection development and resources available to Wyoming librarians. Participants are invited to browse the exhibitor tables during the conference.
WLA exists to promote library service, the profession of librarianship and continued improvement of libraries within Wyoming and to support librarians in their professional roles as they participate in the regional, national and global library arenas.
For more information about the WLA conference, visit the Web site at http://www.wyomingweb.net/ or call Isabel Hoy, Goshen County Library director, at 307/532-3411.
Editor's note: County libraries shared their budget numbers in last month's issue of The Outrider. Since that story, additional budget information has become available, and that information is included here.
Sublette County Library's mill levy for FY2000 is .9224, which will produce $349,843 for the budget. The mill levy for FY1999 was .6739 and generated $253,624.
Included in the FY2000 budget are raises for employees and an increase in one part-time staff member's hours to full-time. The main library in Pinedale will receive $12,000 for oiling the building's log exterior, and the Big Piney Branch Library is scheduled for work on the building's roof. The main library and the branch library will share $12,000 for upgrades and new computers. Hours for both libraries remain the same.
All eight libraries in Carbon County will be open fewer hours due to budget cuts. Cuts for the libraries range from two staff hours to nine staff hours a week. Salaries for most staff members will remain the same with some increases. A substantial portion of the book budget is protected with the help of grants.
In addition to reductions in both staff and library hours, Hot Springs County Library has cut office supplies and utilities, shut down two computers and limited access to databases. Funds have been cut for magazines, newspapers, books on tape, video and other audio equipment.
The library has started two projects to raise money.
Sweetwater County Commissioners recently approved new positions for the county library including a full-time assistant business manager. Staff changes were also approved.
The first is a program presented by DRA on the future TAOS modules.
The second is a demonstration and instruction on the use of WYLD's new databases -- Electric Library, Wilson Omnifile and Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
These sessions will be held on Thursday and Friday afternoons, Oct. 14-15. Conference attendees are encouraged to visit the exhibits of these vendors for more in-depth information on their products.
Although not "state of the art," these machines are often usable for library purposes. In September, the WYLD office sent a memo to member public libraries calling for applications to take these machines.
Thirteen of these workstations will go on "permanent loan" to libraries in 12 counties. Corky Walters, WYLD manager, said WSL will distribute computers again if an opportunity arises for WSL to acquire more.
Several individuals from WYLD libraries attended this same workshop several years ago and found it generally useful in upgrading their technical knowledge and skills. WSL is considering paying the registration fee of $395 for up to four qualified persons.
These individuals should be employed by a WYLD library, have background in and responsibility for PC management and have library administration support for time, travel and expenses.
Directors who would like a staff member considered for WSL sponsorship should e-mail Corky Walters with a statement of support, the individual's background and a preference for the workshop location.
The new network uses a very long route to carry data in the Telnet protocol used by the WYLD Classic modules, which results in slow response times and disconnects. WSL and WEN administrators are working together to establish static routing for WYLD classic module traffic.
WEN also employs the use of dynamic, rather than static IP numbers, which complicates authentication for access to licensed databases at member libraries. It looks probable that a single IP will be assigned at the nodal router level to cover each college and individual school district.
The dynamic IP numbers also disrupted the use of Ariel. Larry Jansen, University of Wyoming Ariel specialist, and Kevin Anderson, Casper College library staffer, are coordinating the assignment and dissemination of DNS entries for affected machines.
Wyoming State Library bids a fond farewell to three long-time employees who have left. Marilyn Foster, LAN manager, accepted employment with a Fort Collins company; Mary O'Hare, administrative assistant, took a medical retirement; and Vera Caleb, fiscal processing technician, resigned.
Wyoming State Library (WSL), in cooperation with the WYLD (Wyoming Libraries Database) Marketing Committee, kicked off an effort in September to promote the WYLD WEB2 databases.
Each county and community college received 100 "Thousands of magazines at the CLICK of a mouse" brochures, which provide information and a short how-to for using these electronic resources. WSL will send more copies of the brochure on request.
The "Thousands of magazines" theme ties traditional print resources to the new use of electronic databases in Wyoming libraries, showing patrons how libraries balance "books and bytes."
Emphasis was also given to the message of librarians as "information navigators," professionals trained in finding appropriate information in the sea of resources now available.
Brochures, news releases and fact sheets were issued to both print and broadcast media statewide after packets were sent to libraries.
The brochures, designed by WSL's Public Programs, Publications and Marketing office, incorporated library messages gleaned from Benton Foundation research. The foundation makes these findings available at its Web site at http://www.benton.org.
This promotion is intended to encourage Wyoming library patrons to access these information resources remotely -- from their home and business computers. Libraries may see more requests for personal identification numbers (PINs) or requests for information on using the WYLD databases.
"Wyoming libraries have information galore," said Patty Myers, WYLD Marketing Committee chairwoman. "We are just trying to make that information available to all Wyoming residents. Both the brochure and the PIN number will help library users."
For assistance or more information with the databases promotion or other public relations questions, contact Linn Rounds, 307/777-5915 or Susan Vittitow, 307/777-6338, in WSL's publications office, or use the toll-free number (in Wyoming) 800/264-1281, press 1 then press 6.
According to Cathy Butler, director, the library began a series of focus group discussions in June to gather information for a long-planned needs assessment.
The library has held discussions with its foundation, trustees and friends, with senior citizens, all levels of government, health sector representatives, the business community, young adults, patrons and members of the general public. Focus groups are planned this autumn for members of the agri-business community, non-profit organizations and branch library users,
SCFPL used a combination of invitations and general publicity to draw participants to the meetings, which were led by community facilitators. The library asked five general questions of participants:
"We've really generated some great responses," Butler said, adding that most respondents were positive about the facility and its resources. "Overwhelmingly, people have said it's a friendly place, staff are helpful."
While the process is not yet completed, Butler said the library is receiving suggestions to expand services to senior citizens and young adults. Other requests have included expanded computer training and a solution for the facility's perennial parking crunch.
Butler said they will review responses and determine if SCFPL needs to conduct a survey to finalize the data. If not, they will hold a strategic planning retreat with the foundation, trustees, department heads and Friends of the Library to evaluate which suggestions are feasible and to allocate resources for any changes.
"We're certainly getting a wealth of information from this," Butler said. "We see criticisms and suggestions as great opportunities for our organization."
Eve Lynes has left Teton County Library and is working for as information systems manager for Teton County. Mark Hall takes her place.
Jennifer Mayer, former adult services librarian at Albany County Public Library, has joined the staff at UW Libraries as the fine arts/reference librarian.
Officers elected to the Albany County Public Library Board of Trustees for 1999-2000 are: Douglas K. Bryant, chairman; William J. Young, vice chairman; Nora Ivers, treasurer; Jay N. Fromkin, vice treasurer; and Jeff Anthony; member.
Officers elected to the Albany County Public Library Foundation Board of Directors are: Don Candelaria, president; John Burman, vice president; Jon Howdeshell, secretary-treasurer; Walt Werner, investment committee; and Agnes M. Milstead and Ann S. Werner, members.
Washakie County Library this year is celebrating 85 years of service.
The library first opened in the office of a town resident and hours were 2:30 to 5 p.m. every Saturday.
A small group of women, who formed the Worland Women's Club, turned to the community to establish the library. In the early years, patrons paid 5 cents to check out a book. Money was used to defray costs and purchase more books.
In 1920, the library's collection of books totaled 839, and in 1937 the library was moved into two rooms in the court house. In 1939, after 24 years of managing the library, the women's club petitioned the county commissioners to finance the library.
Today the library has full Internet access, and the "old card catalog" was retired in 1997.
The University of Wyoming Geology Library has changed its look, name and technology.
Now known as the Brinkerhoff Earth Resources Information Center, the library has doubled its space.
Thomas L. Brinkerhoff, 1978 UW geology and geophysics alumnus, and his family gave the leading contribution to the $1 million renovation fund.
In addition to expanded work stations connecting users to the UW Libraries' online catalog and databases, the libraries map collection has been expanded.
One of the library's missions is to support the state's mineral, oil and gas industries.
Wyoming's public and academic library directors gathered in Thermopolis Sept. 13-15 to share their ideas and network with their peers in the Wyoming library community.
Lesley Boughton, state librarian, represented the Wyoming State Library (WSL) at the event, which drew 26 of the state's 31 public and academic library directors.
Attendees learned about employment laws and practices from Wyoming attorney Terry L. Armitage during the continuing education session. Strategic discussions centered on issues vital to libraries.
Funding, professional development and WSL's role in the library community were of concern to many directors. Directors shared their perspectives on priority and core services, training, technology, education, library leadership, recruitment, legislation and Internet filtering.
Boughton spoke with the group on visioning, biennial budget considerations and priority services. Library directors attending were:
[Table of Contents]


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Bonnie writes:
A couple of years ago, I purchased an Android tablet. Not long after I got it, the Kindle app darkened and I couldn't get it to lighten up. Your tech support told me what to do to correct it. I thought I'd written down what to do, but now I can't find it. All the other apps are fine and the settings are set to the highest brightness level. Can you please tell me what I need to do with it? I don't think I had to uninstall and reinstall the app before, but if I have to do that, I will.
Bonnie, there's no need for that. For those not familiar with the Kindle app, the free app can turn your Android tablet, Windows tablet or iPad into a an eReader with full access to your Amazon collection. It also works on your smartphone. Books will sync across devices, enabling you to pick up reading right where you left off.
Your issue show one of the tricky things about the Kindle app. You don't find the brightness controls under "Settings" where you'd normally expect to find such controls in an app.
Instead, open up a book and tap the middle of the screen at the very top or bottom to bring up controls for the book.
Tap the top right of the screen where you see Aa.
Here's where you'll find the slider bar to control brightness.
You can also check the tick box and the Kindle app will use your system brightness settings.
This is also where you can adjust the text size, font, line spacing, colors and margins to suit your preferences.
Hope this helps!
~ Cynthia
Tags: android, brightness, ereader, Kindle App

subset: commoncrawl


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George and Eliza are in the nominative case independent: Rule 5.
Moi is in the nominative case when used in reply to "Who is there?"
The nominative case governs the verb:—that is, the nominative determines the number and person of the verb.
A verb must agree with its nominative case in number and person: as "I perceive."
Pick out the nouns in the nominative case, and tell which use of the nominative each one has.
The second person, however, requires a nominative case: as, Oh!
The nominative case is ye, the dative and accusative yow or you.
It is in the nominative case, because it is the subject of the verb shot.
A vocative is in the nominative case, and is often called a nominative by direct address or a vocative nominative (p. 42).
Must "who" always be used in the nominative case and "whom" in the objective?


text:
Marking International Women's Day in Tacloban City:
Calls for justice to the victims of Typhoon Yolanda, slams Aquino's criminal negligence
March 8, 2014
|Photos by Patricia Pelito
By Prof. Jose Maria Sison
International League of Peoples' Struggle
March 8, 2014
Imperialism is destroying the lives of women. It is aggravating the exploitation of women and intensifying attacks on women's rights. Through the quintuple neoliberal policies of pressing down wages, liberalization, privatization, deregulation and denationalization, imperialism has reversed whatever gains the working women's movement has gained in more than a century of struggles. This is the context of our International Women's Day Commemoration this year.
Strewn along the path of neoliberalism are the tortured bodies of hundreds of millions of working women squeezed dry by monopoly capitalist extraction of superprofits. Outsourcing by big multinational corporations have depressed already low wages of workers, with developing countries trying to outdo each other in offering the lowest possible wages to outbid their rivals for contracts. Contractualization of labor, increased production quotas, shorter breaks, and extended working hours have now become the norm.
In the drive to bring down production costs, safety measures are ignored. Workers are often locked up in workplaces to prevent escapes, thus turning factories into death traps out of factories. In 2013 alone, thousands of women workers perished in fires in factories in the Philippines and Bangladesh. But most devastating was the collapse of a building in Bangladesh, which killed a thousand of women garments workers. These factories manufacture brand-name clothes sold at high prices in the US and EU.
Land and resource grabbing accelerated by neoliberal policies are rendering hundreds of millions of peasant and indigeneous women and their families landless and without income source while imperiling food security. An estimated 80 million hectares of land in many countries in Latin America, Africa and Asia have been subjected to land grab deals, often involving their very own governments. Large-scale mining has destroyed the environment, thus rendering natural disasters more fatal especially to women and children who make up 70% of the victims.
At the base of imperialist globalization are the millions upon millions of women living under slave-like conditions while the imperialists rake up superprofits.. They fill up the void created by the privatization of social services, such as child and health care. In a world of increasing food prices and food insecurity, they take on multiple work to feed their children. Their vunerability to violence is heightened by the increasing poverty of their families.
Imperialist economic plunder and competition are the reasons behind the US military pivot to Asia and the Pacific. Its aim is to ensure the continued resource domination of US imperialism in the region. This in turn will result in the further deterioration of the economic situation of Asia's peoples. The new basing arrangements and increased rotational presence of US forces will put more impoverished young Asian women and children into the clutches of sex exploiters.
Women all over the world are driven by their dire situation to unite and fight for their rights. From year to year, as the global crisis worsens, the women's movement has raised its level of resolve and militancy and widened its various arenas of action. Women are fighting not only for their very existence but also for the lives of their children and grandchildren. Outraged, they vigorously expose, condemn and oppose the doublespeak of their own governments which try to equate neoliberal policies to development.
Women are at the forefront of mass protests and demands for democratization or anti-militarization, or against neoliberal policies and for genuine land reform and national industrialization. In increasing numbers, they join national liberation movements as armed fighters. They build women's organizations that are part of the people's struggle and take up issues that are specific to women such as VAW and women discrimination. In the midst of repressive governments, women have shown courage and have fought for their rights even at the risk of losing their life, limb and liberty.
Women are reaching out to each other across nations in a show of unprecedented solidarity against imperialism. They are providing support for each other's struggle. The latest example of solidarity has been shown by women's organizations from every part of the globe, including the US, Europe and Canada. to the striking women garments workers of Cambodia.
Ultimately, it is the billions of toiling women, fighting in concert with their toiling brothers and united across the globe, who will strike the deathblow to imperialism.
Women of the world unite!
Resist imperialist plunder and military aggression!
Struggle and fight for women's liberation!
JOMS SALVADOR, Secretary General (0918 9182150)/ Public Info Desk
In the past months,
GABRIELA has responded with protest actions in response to these price
hikes. They stormed the National Food Authority's warehouse to prove an
artificial supply lack. They also barraged the Energy Regulatory
Commission (ERC) and Meralco with a series of protests after each
announced electricity rate increase. Just yesterday, the women's group
picketed the Bureau of Internal Revenue to protest the shame campaign
against professionals and the planned taxation of the informal sector even
as the agency goes easy on the top 10 billionaires who did not make it to
the top 10 taxpayers.
Press release
Media Release
Women workers ended today's protest at Mendiola with a vow to intensify
protests and resistance against the Aquino government, warning Aquino that
should he push through with Cha-cha and the return of US military bases,
they are prepared to rise up and fight for Aquino's ouster.
Kabataan Party-List


text:
Dias J., S. N. Tulich and G. N. Kiladis (August 2012): An Object-Based Approach to Assessing the Organization of Tropical Convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 69 (8), 2488-2504. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-0293.1Full text not available from this repository.
The organization of tropical convection is assessed through an object-based analysis of satellite brightness temperature data Tb, a proxy for convective activity. The analysis involves the detection of contiguous cloud regions (CCRs) in the three-dimensional space of latitude, longitude, and time where Tb falls below a given threshold. A range of thresholds is considered and only CCRs that satisfy a minimum size constraint are retained in the analysis. Various statistical properties of CCRs are documented including their zonal speed of propagation, which is estimated using a Radon transformation technique. Consistent with previous studies, a majority of CCRs are found to propagate westward, typically at speeds of around 15 m s−1, regardless of underlying Tb threshold. Most of these zonally propagating CCRs have lifetimes less than 2 days and zonal widths less than 800 km, implying aggregation of just a few individual mesoscale convective systems. This object-based perspective is somewhat different than that obtained in previous Fourier-based analyses, which primarily emphasize the organization of convection on synoptic and planetary scales via wave–convection coupling. To reconcile these contrasting views, an object-based data reconstruction is developed that objectively demonstrates how the spectral peaks of synoptic- to planetary-scale waves can be attributed to the organization of CCRs into larger-scale wave envelopes. A novel method based on the randomization of CCRs in physical space leads to an empirical background spectrum for organized tropical convection that does not rely on any smoothing in spectral space. Normalization by this background reveals spectral peaks associated with synoptic- and planetary-scale waves that are consistent with previous studies.
|Item Type:
|PSD Publications
|Physical Sciences Division


text:
Edited by Pugugly on 05/09/2008 at 21:42
Tags: technical issues
starting problem
alarms and immobilisers
Edited by garethewq on 05/09/2008 at 21:16
Hi Gareth,
Sorry to bump such an old post but I need to know if this temp sensor fix lasted more than a few weeks.
We have the same problem on a 2005 Beetle that has been bugging us for the last 3 years. It is so intermittent, I never know if its fixed or not. It can fail 10 times in 1 week but then work for 6 to 8 months without issue. Each time it fails we must dis-/re-connect the battery and my partner can't even open the bonnet, let-a-lone use a spanner!
Please let us know how its going after all these years.
Hi all
After reading all these posts I would just like to add that I have had the same problems with my 1997 polo cl 1.4 , it finally gave up on me today despite the fact I had changed the HT Lead, distributed cap, battery, temp sensor and sparks and full service
So I took it to local garage who done a diagnostics and fount the issue to be the starter module not working properley, meaning that although the car would start it could not maintain and would cut out again, the started to happen just in cold or wet weather then would be fine the rest of the day.
Until today were it started moved a few yards then died repeatedly all the way to the garage(took ages to get there lol)
Hope this help only going to cost me £80 to sort I will let you know the outcome once I get the car back
i got a golf jumbo it starts uo rev to about 3000rvs and cut out,while the ign is on there are no spark and the feul pump are of,you can try and try to start it and stil will not work,switch of the car strat up and rev to 3000revs and cut out again,i have removed the immobilisar and still the same prob,start up rev up cut out no spark and no feuel pump,What can the prob be?maybe the heat sensor or the ecu??Plz help im going to burn the car
Dear garethewq,
Have just read you`r post about golf 3 1.8 starting then cutting straight out,
have same problem with mine. Today had to call RAC out, it seem`s that the
immobiliser did not recognise my key! RAC man said immobiliser needs Reboot.
First you Must Remove the Key( if you do not, Key code will be wiped) then
Disconect Negative Earth strap to Battery, He left it off maybe 15/20 seconds,
then reconnected strap, Job done!
After reading the other Posts i realise this may not help everyone, but for those like myself keeping a 19 year old Car going, what a Great Quick Free fix.
hope it helps
Best available rate 9.20%
Total repayment £9,304.93
Total cost of credit £1,804.93
60 monthly payments
Representative example
The Representative APR is 13.2% (fixed) so if you borrow £7,500 over 4 years at a rate of 13.2% p.a (fixed) you will repay £199.21 per month and repay £9562.20 in total.


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By Site Editor
Eighth District U.S. Representative Chip Cravaack (MN) issued a letter to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Lisa Jackson regarding an assault on Minnesota mining jobs.
The letter addresses the Agency's proposed rule that threatens Minnesota's mining industry and the over 40,000 Eighth District constituents who depend on the mining industry for their livelihood.
Specifically, on Aug. 15, 2012 the EPA published a rule in the Federal Register (Docket EPA-R05-OAR-2010-0037: Approving and Promulgation of Minnesota's Regional Haze State Implementation Plan), which rejects the Minnesota State Implementation Plan put forward by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) for upgrading taconite facilities, pending a public comment period.
"EPA's proposed Federal Implementation Plan contains a timeline that is not technically and economically feasible for some plants and could negatively impact thousands of jobs at a time when Minnesota is meeting its Regional Haze Reasonable Progress Goals. In times of such high unemployment, these are good paying jobs we cannot jeopardize," wrote Cravaack.
Just last week, In the Aug. 21, 2012 opinion EME Homer City Generation v. EPA, the D.C. Circuit for the U.S. Court of Appeals struck down a sixth overreaching EPA rule, writing that " Congress did not authorize EPA to simply adopt limits on emissions as EPA deemed reasonable. Rather, Congress set up a federalism-based system of air pollution control." The decision marks the fifteenth time that a federal court has struck down an Obama Administration regulation.
"I request that EPA allow taconite plants to retain the flexibility needed to cost-effectively update their furnaces on a feasible time frame without endangering the stability of these operations," said Cravaack. "After conducting a volume of research on this subject, it is clear that the plan mapped out by the MPCA represents a nuanced approach -- smart regulation which takes into account the complex process of operation re-design and the time needed to maintain efficiency while complying with the regulations. Mining means too much to our state and its workers, and the greatest challenges to this industry remain the permitting process and overregulation coming out of Washington." he added.
Currently, permitting can take upwards of ten years, while duplicative and often overreaching ideologically-driven regulation is stalling economic growth. In fact, the Administration has proposed 3,118 regulations, with 167 considered economically significant (i.e. expected to have at least a $100 million impact on the economy). This represents a 52% increase since 2009.
Minnesota taconite mining provides tremendous benefits to Minnesota, with a nearly $1.8 billion annual benefit to the U.S. economy. According to a University of Minnesota Duluth study, 2.5 ancillary jobs are produced for every mining job.
Rep. Cravaack serves on the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee -- where he is Vice Chair of the Aviation Subcommittee -- the Homeland Security Committee, and the Science, Space and Technology Committee. The 8th Congressional District covers 18 counties in Northeast Minnesota.
Source: http://hometownsource.com/2012/08/28/rep-cravaack-confronts-continued-epa-assault-on-minnesota-mining-jobs/


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FS: Touch up paint, license plate frames
OEM BMW Touch up paint: Black Sapphire. $10 plus shipping.
Set of 2 black chrome license plate frames, "BMW" engraved on each frame. $15 each or both for $25.
Will deliver within 25 miles of Hagerstown or Frederick, MD.
Can i see pictures of the licence plate frames? I am interested.
2 Attachment(s)
Here are some pictures of the license plate frames. They are a black chrome. I noticed a little bit of surface rust on the inside of one of them so I'll let both of them go for $15 plus shipping. I know this is way less than half of what I paid for them.
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PochaNostra Site and Store
It will change you. They are radical poets with rage led by Guillermo Gomez-Pena. Their stories, poetry and theater performances will shock you and make you wonder, I'm I a racist, or just ignorant. Even after 10 years of hard social service work, he makes me wonder? Hot Stuff people, amazing!


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Schilke Symphony D Series Trombone Mouthpiece in Silver D6.0Product #475181 Schilke 475181 INCF Trombone, Baritone & Euphonium Mouthpieces https://www.esnapw.com/rses/ESnapServlet?MerchantNumberSent=63655
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There's no looking back for Mick Molloy's proteges at Triple M.
It was risky enough for Mick Molloy to return to full-time radio minus his old sparring partner, Tony Martin, and in a mid-morning slot. He took an even bigger gamble choosing two relatively low-profile actors with little radio experience to share his microphone.
Six months on, about 800,000 listeners in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth are tuning into Tough Love on Triple M, and his proteges, Robyn Butler and Alan Brough, can now laugh about how green they were at the start. Butler cringes at the memory of putting the wrong prerecorded tape to air in their first week, and then compounding the mistake by yelling, "No, no, no, no, no." She says she was mortified for days afterwards but Molloy thought it was funny.
Brough was bemused a few weeks later when a radio executive called out, "Good book, mate," as they passed in the corridor. He thought the executive had mistaken him for a visiting author. It was only when he got back to the studio that Molloy explained it was survey day, and the show had rated well in Melbourne.
Brough and Butler have years of experience in film, TV, comedy writing and improvisation but becoming radio personalities is something new.
Brough played the likeable nerd in Tony Martin's film Bad Eggs, and recently appeared in the telemovie Stiff. His other credits include Nugget, The Craic and MDA. The 36-year-old moved to Melbourne from New Zealand in 1995 with his partner, Helen Townshend, a theatrical agent. He jokes that he's New Zealand's best-known transvestite after appearing in a popular butter commercial as the wicked Marge, a personification of margarine.
Sydney-born Butler, 38, spent years doing live comedy before appearing in Crackerjack, Welcher and Welcher and Stiff. Her series of short films, Stories from the Golf, which she produced with her actor/director husband Wayne Hope, is screening on SBS. They live in Melbourne with two daughters, aged 9 and 2.
Molloy invited Butler to be part of Tough Love when they were working together on Stiff. "We had a lot of conversations while she was getting changed behind a screen, so I got to imagine just how she'd sound on radio," he says.
Brough first met Molloy during the filming of Bad Eggs a couple of years ago, and was surprised when Molloy phoned him in November. "I'd just had nearly a year of unemployment so it was hard to turn down," he says.
Butler and Brough have nothing but praise for Molloy. "Mick had a lot to lose doing another radio show after the Martin-Molloy show," Brough says. "It's like doing the difficult second album and it's a tribute to him that he's been prepared to take a punt on a couple of inexperienced radio types like us."
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Graveside services were held Tuesday morning, Nov. 20 at the Cedar Grove Cemetery for Gavin Quinton Wesson, age three months.
Funeral services will be held 3 p.m. Saturday, Nov, 24, 2012 at Sellars Funeral Home at Mt. Juliet for Mrs. Linkous, 67. She died Friday, Nov. 16, 2012.
Mrs. Wright died Nov. 15, 2012 at the age of 76.
No services were scheduled.
Arrangements by Sellars Funeral Home / Stone Mansion, Lebanon.
Funeral services will be held 2 p.m. Sunday, Nov. 25 at First Baptist Church, Lebanon, for Mr. Grandstaff, 66, of Lebanon.
Funeral services were held Tuesday evening, Nov. 20 at Sellars Funeral Home / Stone Manson, Lebanon for Mr. Case, 27. He died Nov. 16, 2012.
Sellars Funeral Home / Stone Mansion, 416 Rome Pike, was in charge of arrangements.
Mrs. Davis, 91, of Mt. Juliet, died Monday, Nov. 19, 2012.
Marie Hibbitt died Friday, Nov. 16, 2012 at age 86.
A memorial service, conducted by Rev. Bill Mulroy, is scheduled for 7 p.m. Monday, Nov. 26, 2012 at Westland United Methodist Church, 110 Dawson Lane, Lebanon.
Arrangements by Sellars Funeral Home / Stone Mansion, Lebanon.
Funeral services were held Tuesday afternoon, Nov. 20 at Bond Memorial Chapel, Mt. Juliet, for Mrs. McCulloch, 84, of Lebanon. She died Sunday, Nov. 18, 2012.
A memorial service will follow at a later date for Mr. Burgin, 69, of Lebanon.
A U.S. Navy veteran, he died Nov. 17, 2012 at his residence.
Arrangements by Lebanon's Partlow Funeral Chapel.
Funeral services were held Tuesday morning, Nov. 20 at the Sellars Funeral Home / Stone Manson, Lebanon for Ms. Gulley, 57. She died Nov. 17, 2012.
By SABRINA GARRETT
The Wilson Post
The Wilson County Archives was recognized at Monday nights meeting of the Wilson County Commission for its service to preserving the history of the county.
Established in 1995, co-directors Linda Granstaff and Thomas Partlow enlisted a team of longtime volunteers to clean, organize and index numerous loose county records. They clean the records, many of which go back to the early 1800s, so that sometime in the future they will be microfilmed, Partlow said.
These volunteers include: Catherine Brown, Catherine Nolen, Lee Atwood, Shirley Wilson, Arretha Oakley and Richard Atwood. Each of the volunteers has served over 10 years, with Brown and Wilson serving 14. They are here one day a week for about eight hours, Partlow said.
All of our records are here county records that go back to the beginning of the county and all of our records are intact, he said, adding that other counties have had to deal with records being destroyed in fires.
Partlow said that he has personally organized books containing marriage records from 1800 to 1930. People like to come in and research their family. If it is here they can find it in a short time.
By SABRINA GARRETT
The Wilson Post
The Lebanon Fire Department responded to a fire at the Lebanon Church of God at 600 C L Manier Street just before 11 p.m. on Saturday night. Fire Chief Chris Dowell said that Lebanon Police Officers were the first to arrive on the scene and witness smoke coming from the back of the building.
I had one neighbor tell me that they didnt realize it was smoke and that they just thought it was a heavy fog, Dowell said. That shows you how far along it was.
The fire department battled the fire until 4 a.m. on Sunday morning.
I go to that church some and knew the layout of the building. I think I found the culprit was a heating element that they put in the baptismal pool they had two baptisms that day, Dowell said. The heater shorted out.
A two-vehicle collision Friday morning claimed the life of Lebanon's Joe Grandstaff, 66, a veteran Rural Mail Carrier. The crash occurred on Walter Morris Road at Conaster Road in Wilson County around 11:30 a.m. Officials with the Tennessee Highway Patrol said Grandstaff died when he was hit head on by another car.
The other vehicle driven by 20-year-old Logan Bryan, son of Wilson County Sheriff Robert Bryan.
By SABRINA GARRETT
The Wilson Post
Country singer Tracy Lawrence and friends gathered in Nashville yesterday to bless those less fortunate as the holiday season approaches. Together they fried over 500 turkeys from 8 a.m. until 5 p.m. at the Nashville Rescue Mission as part of the seventh annual Mission Possible Turkey Fry.
Lawrence, who is a resident of Wilson County, said that the charity began in 2006 when he and a few friends made about 50 turkeys for the cause. In the following years, the Mission Possible Turkey Fry exploded with support from various organizations and individuals in and around the Nashville community. We do a huge drive, he said. Turkeys are collected all year long.
While several hundred were donated and fried on-site Tuesday, Lawrence said feeding the hungry continues for several weeks through the Nashville Rescue Mission. We have over 1,000 turkeys half we make today and the others go into freezers to be stored, he explained.
Lawrence said he was humbled by the outpouring of support from friends who gave their time to be a part of the Turkey Fry and that he enjoys the fellowship aspect of it. Through the years I have met a lot of people here. It is neat to see the progress of people from year-to-year. Some people get their lives together and overcome addiction things like that. It feeds the soul to fellowship with them and talk about our families, he said.
Lawrence, who was born in Texas, has never let fame or his busy schedule keep him from giving back to the community. It what is we are supposed to do, he said.
I grew up in a small community. We always tried to be a part of helping someone out, he said. I love this city and the people here. I believe in helping those who have fallen on hard times and need a helping hand.
Since 2006, the Tracy Lawrence Mission Possible Turkey Fry has provided more than 35,000 meals to help the Nashville Rescue Mission feed the homeless in Middle Tennessee. Follow it on Twitter at @NashvilleRescue.
Friday and Saturday at new gym
A mix of local and regional basketball teams are set to participate in the Lebanon Thanksgiving Classic, sponsored by Modern Woodmen Fraternal Financial, Friday and Saturday. Two action-packed days of hoops are planned for the new Blue Devil digs on Hartmann Drive.
Mt. Juliet Christian Academys basketball teams dropped a pair of losses Monday night at home as St. Cecilia defeated the Lady Saints 52-48, followed by a Merrol Hyde win over the MJCA boys 59-52 in the nightcap.
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January 13th, 2003
- Location: Sayles-Hill 251
- Present: President Robert A. Oden, Jr; Deans Shelby Boardman, Mark Govoni and Stephen Kelly; Professors Jack Goldfeather, Martha Paas, John Ramsay, Kim Smith and Dana Strand; Students Luke Hasskamp, David Gold, Dan Farmer, Alex Cook and Hubert Cook; Staff Persons Lois Perkins and Andrea Nixon; Alumni Observer Neil Chaffee; Trustee Observer Louise Heffelfinger
- Secretary: Christine Lee
- Keywords: Early Decision, Student Disciplinary Records, 2003-2004 Budget
Approval of Minutes
The College Council minutes for the meeting of November 8, 2003 stand approved without corrections.
President's ReportPresident Oden began by acknowledging the hard work and concerted efforts of the Admissions Office along with alumni, faculty, staff and student volunteers in the recruitment effort thus far. Consequently, as of this date, the number of Early Decision applications has topped last year's record of 240 students with almost 300 applicants this year. 149 of the Early Decision applicants have been accepted, and their academic credentials are the highest ever of any early decision group, even higher than the average scores of last year's incoming class. In the general admissions process, the number of applicants has increased by 14.9% in comparison to last year's numbers at this time; thus, Carleton is positioned to match or even surpass last year's record number of applications. Particularly impressive is the 42% increase in the number of African American applicants. President Oden explained that one likely reason for this gain is the continuing success of the Carleton Liberal Arts Experience Program. Next, President Oden reported that despite a slow economy, the Alumni Annual Fund is running on schedule and is poised to meet their goal, a 3% increase from last year's totals. President Oden explained that fundraising is vitally important since Carleton's tuition only covers a portion of the actual cost of attendance, and the difference is covered by annual gifts and the income from the endowment. President Oden informed the Council that the next big fundraising campaign will begin within the next few years, and he plans to formulate a group of faculty, students, staff, alumni and trustees to compile a list of priorities for the campaign at the beginning of the next academic year. Next, President Oden talked briefly about the international situation and encouraged Council members to continue discussions in the weeks ahead and to consider the effects that it may have on the College, particularly for off-campus programs. Finally, President Oden reminded the Council of the Campus Master Plan and reported that consultants have been selected and they will be visiting campus to meet and discuss ideas with interested individuals.
Students Disciplinary Records
Dean Mark Govoni reintroduced his proposal to change the time period that student disciplinary records would be retained following the separation of a student from the College. Under the old policy, formal disciplinary records are maintained by the Dean of Students for six years following the separation while informal disciplinary records are destroyed immediately after separation. The proposed policy recommends the following changes: records of disciplinary status up to and including disciplinary probation are maintained until graduation or until two years after withdrawal from the College; records of disciplinary suspension, academic and non-academic, are maintained for five years; and records of expulsion are kept for ten years. Dean Govoni reassured the Council that all records remain confidential unless a student provides permission or there is a court order. Dan Farmer asked how common suspensions and expulsions were at Carleton and Dean Govoni responded that they were a relatively rare event with academic suspensions occurring most frequently, approximately 6 a year. Professor Martha Paas questioned whether keeping records for a longer period might help in terms of deterrence and the preservation of history. Luke Hasskamp also suggested keeping records of suspensions and expulsions for a longer period, especially since they occur infrequently and would not take up as much space. On the other hand, Dean Govoni explained that most records are not germane, that people tend to be uneasy about keeping records of youthful mistakes and that the suggested recommendations are in line with standards at similar colleges. Professor Kim Smith also argued that the College has a limited obligation to others to retain records past their usefulness to the College and that in cases of expulsion, the transcript will still note the existence of the expulsion even though there won't be any accompanying explanations past the 10 year period. After hearing comments on both sides of the issue, President Oden suggested putting this policy recommendation back on the agenda for the next Council meeting.
Budget DiscussionDean Steve Kelly updated the Council on the budget and stated that he would have more exact numbers about certain costs like utilities and debt service for the next meeting. In terms of the Annual Alumni Fund, the news was encouraging. Although the Alumni Annual Fund did not meet its anticipated goal, the total amount raised was still higher than last year's numbers and it was closer to the goal than had been thought earlier in the fall. Dean Kelly explained that by carrying over all unused funds and all available endowment income from the prior year and by resetting both our expectations for the return on the endowment and the percentage draw over a three-year period to get down to 4.5%, the budget will be balanced. However, for the 2003-2004 academic year, all budgets will be flat except for financial aid which can't achieve its goal without an 8.1% increase and increased compensation for faculty and staff which results partly from insurance increases and partly to keep pace with inflation. In order to offset the deficit caused by these two increases, there will be relatively small cuts in the equipment, travel and entertainment budget and only the most necessary maintenance projects will be undertaken. Additionally, there will be three cuts in base budgets: Admissions Department will reduce its publications due to increased web recruitment, the Dean of the College Office will take advantage of technological efficiencies to reduce its budget and the recruitment and moving budget will also be reduced. Dean Kelly also encouraged departments to think creatively and to look for ways to keep costs down. The budget cuts will affect everyone, but Dean Kelly stated that the budget prioritizes people rather than things, and this is reflected in financial aid, student work, and compensation (salary and benefits). Professor Jack Goldfeather questioned whether the College was merely postponing the budget problem and whether it was depending too much on the endowment recovering quickly. Dean Kelly responded that the assumptions of endowment growth are based on a long-term outlook and that the endowment projection will fall from 8.5% to 7%. He also described contingency plans by senior staff to meet the constraints of a continued recession.
The meeting ended at 5:30 p.m.


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Landscaping in Florida with Fire in Mind
Determine Your Risk
Two factors contribute to wildfire risk:
- the land use in your area, and
- the kind of vegetation around your home.
Surrounding Land Use
If you live in a subdivision surrounded by homes and lawns, or in an urban area, it is unlikely that a wildfire would reach your house. Like the majority of Floridians, you are at low risk of wildfire and the rest of this brochure does not apply to you or the safety of your home.
If you have undeveloped or wooded land near your home, however, you could be at some risk in the event of a wildfire. Use the following criteria to assess your risk.
Walk around outside your home and look carefully at the nearby land. The type, size, and density of the plants determine wildfire risk. Some places may have characteristics of more than one category.
You Live in a High Risk, Fire-Prone Area if You See...
- Pine needles on the ground more than 3 inches thick and lots of pine tree growth.
- Continuous palmettos, shrubs, or sawgrass more than 3 feet tall.
- Vines and small-to-medium trees or palms beneath taller pine trees.
- Impenetrable shrubs or young pines.
- No clear view into the undeveloped area because of dense growth.
You Are at Medium Risk if You See...
- Thick, continuous grasses, weeds, or shrubs.
- Pine needles on the ground up to 3 inches thick and scattered pine trees.
- Scattered palmettos or shrubs up to 3 feet tall separated by patches of grass or sand.
- A clear view into or across the undeveloped area.
You Are at Low Risk if You See...
- Bare ground, improved pasture, or widely spaced grassy clumps or plants.
- Moist forest, mostly leafy trees, or mostly large trees.
- Few plants growing low to the ground.
- Oak leaves or other broad leaves covering the ground.
Reducing Wildfire Risk
One of the best ways to prevent wildfire on undeveloped land is to reduce the density of the plants. This can be achieved in several ways, but the strategy that mimics nature and protects the health of the ecosystem is prescribed burning. Consider encouraging the use of prescribed fire on undeveloped land near your home. In the meantime, you can do a variety of other things near your home to increase your protection from wildfire. Just as costal residents prepare for hurricanes season, you should prepare for spring and fall fire seasons.
Prescribed Fire
Prescribed fire is a natural and beneficial management tool for our longleaf pine ecosystem.
Benefits of prescribed burning to Haile Plantation:
- Cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to mechanical or chemical methods of vegetation control
- Reduce undergrowth
- More attractive landscapes due to increased flowering and reduce ground litter
- Improved habitat for wildlife
- Reduce fuel lands and the risk of property damaging wildfires
- Environmental education opportunities
Wildfire Protection for Homes in Medium-Risk and High-Risk Areas
Make it easy for fire trucks to get to your house. Clearly label street name and house number with metal signs and posts. Make sure the driveway has a 16-foot clearance of vegetation, and create a 30-foot-wide space around your home for fire trucks to maneuver.
Inside Your Defensible Space
- Trim lower branches up to 10 feet on tall trees, remove vines from trees, and keep shrubbery away from pine trees so that a fire on the ground cannot climb up these fuel ladders to the treetops.
- Landscape your defensible space to make it difficult for fire to spread to your house. Use shrub islands or patches of perennials rather than continuous beds of plantings. Thins trees so branches do not touch each other.
- Keep combustible items like wood piles, compost piles, gas grills, gas cans, and propane tanks at least 30 feet away from your house. Clear away dead vegetation, pine needles, and branches.
- Use mowed grass, gravel walkways, and mulched plantings near your home. Mulch keeps the ground moist, making it difficult for a fire to reach your home. Do not use thick combustible mulch near your home.
- Keep large, leafy hardwood trees in your yard, particularly on the east and west sides of your house. Their shade is important to cool your house, and the flat leaves trap moisture on the ground. Large pine trees also provide good shade. Trim lower branches and rake up pine needles.
- Remove flammable plants like saw palmetto, wax myrtle, yaupon holly, red cedar, and gallberry within 30 feet of your home. These shrubs are appropriate farther from your home and in natural areas managed with prescribed fire. They contain resins, oils, and waxes that burn readily. Many other plants are not as flammable.
Beyond Your Defensible Space
Reduce dense vegetation. Prescribed fire is best for the ecosystem, but mowing or other methods of eliminating fuels will help protect your home. Call the Division of Forestry (DOF) or Cooperative Extension office for a list of qualified burners in your area.
With your neighbors, promote the use of prescribed burning for reducing vegetation on nearby undeveloped lands and the maintenance of vegetation breaks between your properties. Be tolerant of smoke from prescribed fires. Call the DOF to report nearby land that has a dangerous build-up of fuels.
Less-Flammable Plants
Dogwood, virburnum, redbud, sycamore, magnolia, beautyberry, oak, red maple, wild azalea, sweetgum, coontie, winged elm, black cherry, persimmon, wild plum, sugarberry, Florida soapberry, fringetree, ferns, wild olive, blue beech, hophornbeam, sparkleberry
Additional Wildfire Protection for Homes in High-Risk Areas
How fire proof is your home? Siding, soffit vents, and roofing should be made with heat-resistant materials. Keep the roof clear of pine needles, and trim branches so they don't hang over the roof. Make sure your chimney has a spark arrester.
If there is no hydrant system in your neighborhood, provide and emergency water supply for fire fighters, such as a swimming pool, pond, or cistern. Keep 100' of hose to stop small fires from spreading.
Don't Wait Too Long...
People who live in high-risk rural and suburban areas of Florida should take precautions to protect their home from fire. Since some preventive actions have economic and environmental costs, they are not appropriate for every homeowner. It is possible to keep an attractive yard that conserves energy, water, and wildlife while also protecting your home from wildfire. Additional fire protection can be gained if homeowners work together to develop fire protection services, water sources, and defensible space for an entire community. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office, local Division of Forestry office, or visit these web sites:
Fire is a powerful part of Florida's landscape. It can maintain healthy natural ecosystems, but can also turn a home to ashes. Florida's frequent lightning strikes and human carelessness guarantee that fire will continue to be a factor in rural and suburban areas.
With the steady rise of new homes in undeveloped areas, some homeowners may wonder if they are in danger of wildfire. Find out if you are at risk, and follow these guidelines to reduce the threat of wildfire.
- Return to Fact Sheets


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Fly-tippers have again used Epping Forest as a dumping ground.
A sofa, mattress, paint, wood and other building materials were discovered yesterday in a car park in Woodridden Hill, near High Beech.
Forest Keepers are now assessing the contents of the waste to see if there are any clues as to who is responsible.
The City of London Corporation is offering a reward of £500 to anyone who gives evidence that leads to a successful prosecution.
The corporation records around 730 fly-tip incidents every year, recent examples of which have included asbestos, cannabis plants a dead donkey and a toy panther.