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My husband and I, after being faced with the stress of homework for the last 2.5 yrs (oldest child is finishing 2nd grade this year, middle is finishing K), have decided to broach the subject of opting out of homework for our kids. My child in K hasn't had any homework yet, but we've talked with my oldest's 2nd grade teacher who at first was very resistant. All they have is spelling each day, which I know is very minimal, but I've already heard that goes up a lot next year (and for the record my eldest only switched to this new school this year). However I emailed his teacher two summary resources I had, which is the page from the stophomework.com site as well as a few pages from Alfie Kohn, and she actually read them. Her daughter is also in the 2nd grade class and even she agreed it is very difficult to basically "bribe" our kids to do the work after a long day of school. She was surprised to hear the findings by Harris Cooper, The Battle Over Homework, second edition, page 26, and Does Homework Improve Academic Achievement? A Synthesis of the Re*search 1987-2003, the Review of Educational Research [Spring 2006] that there was no correlation between homework in elementary school and achievement. However, we made a deal b/c I agreed that we would still orally go over the spelling words each day instead of just doing the written copywork that was the homework. And we are still going to do book reports and science fair projects. We are in a very very small private school (in 2nd grade, my son is 1 of 6 students, in K my middle child is 1 of 10).
But next year is another year and another teacher, and the teachers my kids will have for 3rd and 1st are much more "old school" teachers, in both experience and personality. For those who have opted out of homework, did you meet with the new teacher for the next grade at the end of the school year before the new year even begins? Have all teachers been open minded about it? What things have you learned? Have you had any resistance from other parents if they found out? I ask about this b/c I can imagine Johnny sitting next to my son and saying "Why doesn't he have to do his homework?" then asking the teacher and going home to tell his mom. It just seems like I would be inviting some stress into others lives unintentionally.
II was wondering if since our school is such a tiny private school with a really available principal, I should just skip ahead and meet with the principal to request his approval so I don't need to meet with each teacher individually every year. I honestly don't know if that would make my job harder or easier. In the past, I broached the subject with him about showing the "race to nowhere" documentary at our school and though he said it sounded great, he refused to show any kind of movie without him being able to screen it first. And he is SO SO SO busy (at such a small school he does a TON of work) he wasn't able to make any of the free screenings nearby at other schools.
Any thoughts? Thank you!!
I think that since this is something you are looking at doing for your child's academic career you should go to the principal about it. The "old school" teacher may or may not have homework so I wouldn't address it as a worry for next year but rather as a long term thing you want to see changed for your children. My dd has an "old school" teacher right now and the homework is really very minimal, usually just work that dd didn't do at home and I let her sit and take as long as she needs to in order to complete it (which is typically five minutes as long as I don't but in).
If the only homework kids have at this school is spelling maybe you could look into ideas for making spelling homework funner and give them to the teacher if the principal shoots down your request. My dd's teacher has a bunch of different things kids can choose from to practice spelling and they only do 2 a week. It has seriously made spelling so much fun.
I have heard of parents who flat out tell the teachers their kids won't be doing homework but I have also worked in schools where the teachers take turns staffing a room at recess where kids who don't do their homework are sent.
I would imagine at a private school, where you are literally paying them directly to teach your kids, you could tell them to do or not do whatever you want. Then again, they could say that attending that school is a choice and if you don't like their "rules" you can go elsewhere.
I can only speak from my own experience, which is strictly with public charter schools. Our county used to have an opt-out policy but it was recently taken out of the handbook. Ds2 went to one school for K-3. I simply told them he wasn't doing homework and I expected that he would not be penalized in any way. That meant NO missed recess and no "bad" report card grades. We had no problems. That school closed the summer after 3rd grade and now he is in a different charter school. They are giving me a hard time, mostly because the written policy changed verbiage, and also because the principal is new at her job and isn't actually very good at it. Ds's grades have slipped, almost totally because of HW issues. I'm deciding now if he will return next year for 5th grade or if we will start HSing earlier than I had originally planned.
I've posted lots about HW opt-out. Feel free to search for other posts I've made. :) Best wishes!
I am a teacher myself, and I'd suggest talking to the 3rd grade teacher before meeting with the principal. No one likes feeling as if someone is going over their head. I'm sure the teacher would have a better outlook if he/she feels like you are working with him/her rather than around him/her.
Even if you get some kind of "mandate" from the principal that is to last the rest of your child's elementary schooling, you need to talk to the individual teachers so they can hear your point of view. Take the opportunity to present yourself as educated and agreeable. Teachers might still label you as lazy and difficult, but they will be much more inclined to do so if they do not hear your reasoning presented by you in an amicable manner.
I am a strong believer in parents having the final say when it comes to homework. My own model calls for time, rather than content boundaries on homework. Feel free to use the materials on my website, www.thehomeworktrap.com when you present your position to the school. Regarding the research, you are right that the research supporting homework is very thin, and that the major problem is that teachers are not aware of that research. Over the long run, I believe that schools of education need to include a course called, Homework, if teachers are going to continue to use it as widely as they do. That is one of the problems parents have, which is that teachers have not received serious training in homework before you bring the issue up. Good luck with your efforts and let me know how they turn out. I'm trying to keep track of the homework reform movement as it unfolds throughout this country and throughout the world (which is why I was able to pick up on your question).
One_Girl, yes there is more than just spelling homework starting in 3rd grade. Actually 1st grade at this school has more homework than 2nd. The 2nd grade teacher is very very laid back and only assigns spelling every day.
blessedwithboys, I have actually tried searching for your posts (I've seen you write in past threads about opting out of homework), but I can' find the posts you are talking about. I can tell the search engine has changed and I'm not on mothering as much as I used to so maybe I'm not searching correctly? Any chance you can cut/paste the info or copy the url to where the posts are? Thank you :) And I'm really sorry to hear about your new situation. We were at a big public school prior to this which kept kids in at recess if they didn't finish their 45 min worth of homework (in 1st grade). 2nd grade had 1 hr of hw each day. It was insane and they wouldn't work with us either, and I wasn't interested even in going no hw at that point but just less hw. So we switched our kids but not just b/c of the hw reason but others as well. We still consider homeschooling as an option for the future too.
KathrynH my husband is also a teacher, a high school AP teacher. Even he was surprised when reading the information I've found. He has gotten lighter in his hw load because of it. He goes with me for parent teacher conferences and I have to say I usually let him lead our discussions. We've never gone in demanding anything, and in my original post I mentioned how I forwarded the information I've found to the 2nd grade teacher. I don't think what we've done up to now could be considered as lazy or difficult, and my goal would be to avoid that as well.
What surprises me is why having less homework for a teacher to hand out or grade could be construed as causing the teachers life more stress. If having less hw doesn't work (and performance would go down) I would think that would be evident quickly, and I would be setting my own kid up for poorer performance. But from the information I've read thats not what happens. I do want my kids to be more present in our home life. My kids are also voracious readers and I do plan to share with the teachers next year that reading is one of the best indicators of school success. If anything like I mentioned in my OP, I think a big issue the teacher faces is what the other students/parents think if/when they find out one of their classmates isn't turning in hw. In a big school where you can't pay as much attention to what others are doing is one thing, but in my kids school it is so small they ALL know what is going on with everyone. Or, who knows maybe other parents have thought about opting out too and I'll open the door for them :)
Dr Goldberg thank you for your reply, I will check your book and website out.
Ok I'm replying to my own post with an update. I have to say my son and I are really enjoying our different way of doing the spelling words now. Like I mentioned above, with his teachers approval, instead of forcing him to sit still to do the typical spelling homework routine, which each night is supposed to take 10 min but it takes my son 40 min--write each word 3x on Mon; alphabetical order on Tues; and write the words in rainbow colors on Wed OR use each in a sentence; followed by the written practice test on Thurs. We are instead orally going over the spelling of each word together (which has been happening over breakfast, while driving in a car, or even while watching one of his younger brother's sports practices); then I am additionally asking him what the definition is, and to use each word in a sentence. I'm asking him to try a new sentence each day so he's not just thinking of the same thing over and over.
Previously, by trying to get him to sit still and write, I am embarrassed to admit in the craziness of the day I honestly wasn't even following up with whether or not he knew the definition of the word, and in the typical homework routine above he wasn't even required to use them in a sentence (he'd always pick writing the rainbow words over having to write out sentences!!) Even my son commented "wow mom its like we're doing even MORE homework that we were before!" and he said this with a big smile and very happy. Plus it doesn't take nearly as long as forcing him to sit still and write (but his writing skills are very good, so I'm not in the least bit worried about that.) I'm really happy to have tried this out and even more satisfied that I think deeper learning is taking place.
Another great way to practice words they need to know the definition of is with Vocabulary awareness charts. I teach English and also do private tutoring. Helping the kids make a personal connection to the word is vital. With the awareness charts, they tell me how well they know the words before we even start. If they are really comfortable with a word, then they don't have to focus on it. It makes for much more individualized learning and awareness of their own education.
There are many different versions of the chart based on grade level. If interested, just google.
OP, I'm going a little OT here, but on the general idea of homework I've surprised myself by not really being against it wholesale. I do think homework can be valuable, especially as a bridge between school and the parents. I can see how well my 5th grader understands math concepts when I look over her homework sheets and help her with problems she doesn't understand. If there wasn't homework I wouldn't really know until progress reports were handed out and then I still don't get a detailed picture of what my dd knows just a generalized report of how she's doing. With homework I can help her understand concepts she may have missed in class through no fault of the teacher's-- dd1's just not always one to speak up if she doesn't understand.
That said, I don't believe in overburdening kids with homework. I heard an interesting story on NPR recently about high schools in Detroit (I think) that had gone to a "flip" model of teaching and homework. Instead of the the teacher lecturing during class and assigning homework based on the lecture, the lecture is assigned as homework through YouTube videos of the teacher and then the class works on what would have been the homework project in class. I thought it sounded great. http://www.ideastream.org/news/feature/44582
Now as far as my second grader, her homework is minimal and mostly easy math that she does in 5 minutes or less. I don't find it very useful because it's really too easy for her so I rarely need to help her or reinforce any concepts she's learned at school. On the plus side it's so easy that it barely takes any time and she doesn't grumble about it too much. Dd2 rarely has spelling homework. Dd1 (5th grade) did have some spelling earlier in the year, but her teacher has kinda stopped giving that. Sometimes that did get on my nerves because it seemed so pointless (alphabetize the letters in the word, so "homework" becomes "ehkmoorw") or just drudgery (copy the word 3 or 5 times). But overall for us I have appreciated the connection that homework can give, especially in math, but sometimes it can be overwhelming to dd1 who struggles with anxiety.
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I hope you didn't take my post to mean that you were actually being "lazy or difficult!" I was simply trying to emphasize that open communication with teachers helps keep them from creating incorrect labels. It sounds as if you have been very communicative up until this point, and it has resulted in cooperation from the teacher. Good luck to you!
Nothing that I posted was really "valuable" like links to studies or anything scientific. Just mostly my rantings and ramblings about how I hate HW and so opt my kiddo out of doing it. :)
Kathryn no thats not what I meant, I was just trying to address your post is all :)
blessedwithboys I wasn't asking about scientific studies, but your personal experience if anything you felt worked when you talked to teachers 1:1, or what happened when you talked to other parents about it, etc, just since you've been through this for a few years already.
beanma yes I understand what you are saying, and that is what I originally thought about when I thought about homework too. But I realized that all my kids classwork and tests come home which tells me every day what they are doing, and on tests if they get any wrong they are expected to correct them, so in that sense I am able to help. And in reality even with the homework I'm rarely helping anyway because like you mentioned the majority of it is copy a word 3 times or write them in rainbow.
Well, helping dd1(5th grade) with her math homework really does help her understand concepts that she missed in class, so that when she does have a test she is able to do better on it than if she hadn't had the homework. We get papers back, too, but that's after the fact, and there's not nearly the number of papers for dd1 that there are for dd2 (2nd grade), so I wouldn't see a problem area until it was too late and she had already done poorly on a test.
Don't get me wrong, I am not a big proponent of homework, but when it's not busy work I think it really can be a valuable tool. Right now pretty much the only homework dd1 has is in math. Her other teachers don't really give homework (spanish, reading, science, social studies, writing) and math is her most troublesome area so it has been helpful for us to be able to see what concepts she's having trouble with and work with her at home on them so she can do well in school. If she had homework in all her subject areas it would be too much, and earlier in the year when she was having more writing and spelling homework it was a lot for her, but her writing/spelling teacher hasn't given any this quarter and a minimal amount last quarter, so it's much better now.
DD2 (2nd grade) pretty much just has math, too, and does that in about 5 minutes (sometimes on the way home from school in the car). She's also supposed to keep a reading log, but both she and the teacher are pretty slack about that because she doesn't need any extra help in that area and is reading way above 2nd grade level. She was annoyed at the beginning of the year when they were making her read these little leveled readers (they use that letter scale and they had her on "L" and "M" books which were the highest in her second grade class) that she just felt were way too easy and "baby" for her. They're not really doing that any more and I am glad about that because that was just busy work for her. She'll read plenty on her own and books that challenge her (Harry Potter 4 instead of Frog and Toad) so she doesn't really need that kind of homework. She doesn't do her math perfectly every time (might miss one problem) so it does help to reinforce some concepts to do some homework. If it was really cutting into her time and she wasn't learning anything I might feel differently, but it's just not worth fighting about for her because the time is so minimal and she might actually be getting a little bit out of it. She doesn't really have spelling words very often. I have seen a few come home, but not regularly.
For dd1 homework does take a lot more of her time because she is the queen of dragging it out and complaining about it and getting distracted and not focusing. However, even so, I do think it can be valuable for her because it's a subject she's having some difficulty with and we're able to work through those pesky math concepts together. If she could do it easily and just still did the complaining and dragging it out bit I would probably feel differently, but I'd also feel like she needs to be able to concentrate and focus for the 20 minutes it should take to get it done.
So, I have totally taken this thread off topic and I am really not trying to convince you that you should give up your plan to opt out of homework, but the teachers and principal are probably coming at it from the same direction that I am. Homework is supposed to reinforce the concepts taught in school. If you can show that your child already gets it or if you can show that you will work on spelling a different way like you already are then they might be more receptive to the idea of opting out.
Good luck!
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Jennifer Lopez almost shatters Southern California into the Pacific
Jennifer Lopez performed her song "Louboutins" at the AMAs Sunday night only to end up landing on her J-Ass which had to be terrifying for the audience. One minute you're wondering how old she is again, the next you're looking for a goddamn doorway to stand in. Of course the most shocking part is when Marc Anthony doesn't fly onstage in a tiny UFO like a Latin Great Gazoo and laugh in J-Lo's face. Did not see that one coming.
UPDATE: Added new video.

subset: commoncrawl


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The whole world has seen Miley Cyrus twerk and now they have also seen her getting high on stage.
Daily News reports that the 20-year-old singer lit up what looked like a joint at MTV's European Music Awards on Sunday. Miley won the Best Video Award for her hit single 'Wrecking Ball' before lighting up. Many photographers snapped pictures of the incident but the segment was cut from the U.S. broadcast of the show.
MTV's EMAs took place at the Ziggo Dome in Amsterdam and the show included performances from several stars including Miley, her twerking partner Robin Thicke, Snoop Dogg and Katy Perry.
More Celebs Behaving Badly


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Appy Gamer: Get NowGamer.com On Your Mobile Device
New app for gamers, Appy Gamer (what else?) has launched this week for iPhone, iPad and Android phones/tablets, and brilliantly, you can also see NowGamer stories on it too.
Appy Gamer features numerous content sources, let's you customise your gaming news and much more.
Hit the link to find out more and get the app for your device.


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The new trailer shows how Pattinson's character of a veterinary school student loses his parents and lands a job in a traveling circus.
Amazon has exclusively debuted a new trailer for "Water for Elephants" on March 3. It has new scenes showing Robert Pattinson's Jacob who receives a bad news about his parents' death during his exam and how he ends up working with a traveling circus.
Access Hollywood has also gotten its hand on a new sneak peek video to the April 22 release. It mostly features scenes included in the trailer but also shows the making of Jacob and Reese Witherspoon's Marlena's dancing scene.
Based on bestseller book by Sara Gruen with the same title, "Water for Elephants" presents an unexpected romance in a uniquely compelling setting. Veterinary school student Jacob meets and falls in love with Marlena, a star performer in a circus of a bygone era.
They discover beauty amidst the world of the Big Top, and come together through their compassion for a special elephant. Against all odds - including the wrath of Marlena's charismatic but dangerous husband, August - Jacob and Marlena find lifelong love.
Francis Lawrence serves as a director while Richard LaGravenese writes the script. Oscar-wnning actor Christoph Waltz joins the cast ensemble as August.
New 'Water for Elephants' trailer:
New 'Water for Elephants' behind the scenes:


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Ellen's eBay auctions to benefit the Humane Society of the United States were a huge success, and we're thanking everyone by giving away $100 eBay gift cards! If you'd like a chance to win, just enter right here!
Lady Gaga is one of the hottest musical acts in the world right now and we're giving away copies of her CD "The Fame" for free! Enter right here for your chance to win!
Oscar-nominee Julianne Moore has now become a children's author. Her latest book is called "Freckleface Strawberry and the Dodgeball Bully." To have a chance to win your own copy, enter your information right here!


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The blog is a reflection of multi-disciplinary scholarship, academic degrees, and all kinds of letters after my name to make me feel big. Psychoeducational and happy, I'll lecture at most sunny places, topic your choice. The blog is NOT to diagnose, treat, or replace human to human legal, psychological or medical professional help. References to people, with the exception of myself, and events except those about me, and even some of those, are entirely fictional.
Friday, April 06, 2012
Family Reunions
We've talked plenty about holidays and how horrible they are for so many, many people. And because we do this, the emphasis on the good takes a second seat, no seat at all, probably.
But when you reach an age that your children (most) are married (some still do this) and have children of their own, your focus is upon that new generation of young people, the grandchildren. You so want them to be healthy, in every single way, and to follow your traditions, if at all possible, and be the best people they can be.
When they are all together, under your roof, and the noise decibels compete with a good residence hall party, perhaps run away with the prize, there is nothing better. It is an ultimate high, and this is why holidays, for some, have the potential to be truly wonderful.
And in the middle of all of that, feeling quite good, the brain spinning with things to do and, let's not not say it, is filled with joy, you know that this is rare, that many people don't ever have that, can't ever, and it absolutely grieves me.
It is an experience my rabbi would say is perfectly normal, this switching from happiness (he refers to weddings), to sadness (a funeral) all in the same day.
Somehow we have to be able to switch it on and off, all in a moment, to be real people, not animals. When we're happy, we have to temper it, remember that so many are not.
So happy, and sad, holidays to all.
4 comments:
nice go on
- April 7, 2012 at 2:09 PM
- Patty said...
I do have memories of the happy holidays when I was the grandchild, but now, nothing is out of the ordinary or joyous, so I guess that is just how it is.
- April 11, 2012 at 10:36 AM
- Burnt Out Social Worker said...
Holidays as a child were great, filled with innocent fun. Unfortunately, with age comes awareness of all the family problems around you. Holidays are simply not the same anymore.
- April 11, 2012 at 10:27 PM
- Jessica said...
Glad you were able to take the time to acknowledge the joyous moments family gatherings can bring!
- April 13, 2012 at 9:22 AM


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By Philip Jankowski
Killeen Daily Herald
As a way to show appreciation for area first responders in the wake of the 10th anniversary of 9/11, several staff members from H-E-B barbecued all-day Friday to feed local police and firefighters.
Firefighters and police officers chowed down on fajitas as a part of H-E-B's seventh annual "Helping Heroes" initiative at Killeen Fire Department's main fire station on 28th Street.
In Central Texas, about 770 employees served 154 fire stations. Across the state, more than 300 stores and 3,300 employees participated in the event.
Rudy Gill, general manager of the downtown Killeen H-E-B, has participated in the appreciation initiative for four years and his employees were eager to serve first responders.
"If they want us to wash fire trucks, we'll wash trucks," Gill said. "They like to eat here, so we feed them."
The anniversary of 9/11 coupled with area firefighters' ongoing battle with extreme fire conditions made the appreciation that much sweeter, said KFD Chief J.D. Gardner.
Central Texas firefighters have been especially stressed, having to watch the huge wildfires in Bastrop from afar.
The Texas Forestry Service has asked area firefighters to remain in their respective cities because extreme drought conditions could spark a destructive wildfire in minutes.
"I've been in the fire service for 30 years, and this is the worst fire season we've ever seen," Gardner said. "Having a time to sit down and relax and not be focused on fires is important."
Contact Philip Jankowski at firstname.lastname@example.com or (254) 501-7553. Follow him on Twitter at KDHcrime.


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Department of the Army Historical Summary: FY 1970
Civil Works and Military Engineering
Army engineering efforts are divided into two major functional areas: public works and military engineering. As might be expected, some activities are common to both fields, even while they are applied in a civil environment on the one hand and a military environment on the other. As they are divergent in application, these activities are treated in a functional rather than a topical manner in this chapter.
Water Resources Development
As the primary developer and manager of the nation's water resources, the Department of the Army's Corp of Engineers is at the hub of one of the most critical issues facing the country today: how to serve the needs of an increasing population with a multitude of water uses without upsetting the cycles of nature that sustain all life.
Public Works and the Environment
During the last several years, increasing public concern for environmental quality has been reflected in a series of administrative changes aimed at adapting the Army Department's water resources program to meet changing public goals. Policy was established to consider environmental impact and to make projects as attractive as possible. Libby Dam, under construction on the Kootenai River in Montana, was designed with the aid of a landscape architect to fit the natural landscape and present a pleasing appearance. Planting trees and seedlings is a general practice at projects. Other beautification measures include using trees to screen hurricane barrier dikes in urban areas, landscaping soil banks along channels, aligning channels and floodways to preserve adjacent vegetation and scenery, and clearing reservoir pool areas to avoid unsightly exposure of dead trees.
To provide a broad range of environmental expertise, experience, and perspective, the Army's Chief of Engineers established a six-member environmental advisory board in April 1970. The board meets quarterly, provides advice on specific policies, programs, and problems, and contributes to an enhanced mutual understanding between the Corps of Engineers, the general public, and the conservation community.
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 requires that, with every project recommendation, information be provided on the environmental impact, any adverse environmental effects, alternatives to the proposed action, the relationship between man's local short-term uses of the environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity, and any irreversible or irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved. The possible alternatives, which include the status quo, and an economic, social, and environmental analysis for each are indicated.
The problem of water pollution has involved the Army's Corps of Engineers in a wide variety of water quality control activities, including abating waste disposal in navigable waterways, preventing and reducing pollution originating on Army-owned lands, providing treatment facilities for the corps' floating plant and reservoir recreation facilities, regulating streamflow for increased oxygenation and optimum water quality, developing acceptable measures for projects to comply with newly established federal and state water quality standards, and devising methods for disposal of polluted dredged material.
Sweeping new changes in Army regulations pertaining to issuing permits for work in navigable waters were announced in May 1970. The changes require that greater emphasis be given to environmental factors in evaluating permit applications, and re-emphasize that the Corps of Engineers is concerned with the impact a proposed project may have not only on navigation but also on fish and wildlife, water quality, economics, conservation, aesthetics, recreation, water supply, flood damage prevention, and ecosystems in general.
Before issuing permits for dumping in navigable waters, the Army Corps of Engineers requires complete reports on waste content. The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970 requires certification by the state or interstate agency responsible for water quality, or by the Secretary of the Interior, to the effect that there is reasonable assurance that the permitted activity will not violate water quality standards.
The corps can take legal action against polluters under the Refuse Act of 1899, which gives the Engineers authority to ban from navigable waters all wastes except domestic sewage. When industries are negligent or outside the law, the Army can recommend that the Department of justice prosecute.
Construction and Management
Since 1936 the Army Corps of Engineers has completed over 669 flood control projects. Corps projects of all categories that con-
tribute to effective flood control have prevented well over $18 billion in damages since 1918. In addition to many major reservoir projects, seventy-eight specifically authorized construction projects were under way during fiscal year 1970 to provide flood protection to local communities. Many small projects were also constructed under general authorities.
The federal program to improve rivers and harbors for navigation, now in its 144th year, was the first water resource development activity assigned to Army Engineers. The program consists of three major elements: coastal harbors and channels, Great Lakes harbors and channels, and inland and intracoastal waterways. Each of these systems has more than justified construction and operating costs by savings in transportation costs. For example, the federal government has improved in varying degrees some 22,000 miles of inland and intracoastal waterways, of which about 19,000 are currently in commercial use. Latest available statistics indicate that foreign and domestic traffic on inland waterways increased 3.4 percent during calendar year 1968 to establish a new record of 291.4 billion ton-miles.
In addition to providing flood control and aiding navigation, a great number of the corps' projects also generate pollution-free hydroelectric power. In fiscal year 1970, 1,156,500 kilowatts of generating capacity were placed in commercial operation. At the end of the fiscal year, a total of 12,031,900 kilowatts of generating capacity was in operation at fifty-three projects located in twenty states, representing 3.8 percent of the total generating capacity of the nation.
One public use of the water resource that has skyrocketed in recent years is that of recreation. In 1969, over 254 million visits to the corps' reservoirs were recorded, making the Army the conductor of the largest recreation program in the federal government. The attendance figure is particularly significant when compared with the sixteen million visits recorded in 1950. Large multiple-purpose reservoirs, such as the Walter F. George lock and dam on the Chatahoochee River bordering Alabama and Georgia and the Dworshak Reservoir now under construction on the North Fork of the Clearwater River in Idaho, provide excellent opportunity for camping, water sports, and related activities. Typical recreation facilities include tent and trailer sites, picnic areas, boat launching ramps, swimming beaches, and sanitary facilities, as well as visitor centers and overlooks. Many of the larger areas are leased to states and counties for public park and recreation use. Most of the remaining public use areas are operated by the corps.
The fiscal year 1970 appropriation for the Army Corps of Engineers water resources program was $1.145 billion, which covers investigations and surveys, planning, construction, and the operation and maintenance of flood control, river and harbor, beach protection, and hydroelectric projects.
Construction activities were performed on 266 specifically authorized navigation, flood control, and multiple purpose projects during the fiscal year. Construction on the $1.25 billion multiple-purpose plan for the Arkansas River and its tributaries in Arkansas and Oklahoma continued on schedule. Twelve of the seventeen locks and dams are in operation, and the navigation channel is now open from the Mississippi River to Fort Smith, Arkansas. The remaining five locks and dams are scheduled to be placed in operation by the end of 1970. In addition to opening a large portion of the land-locked interior of the Southwest to year-round water transportation, the project will provide flood control, produce hydroelectric power, permit low-flow regulation, and furnish opportunities for outdoor recreation.
Dworshak Reservoir, an important project in the Columbia River Basin, is 52 percent complete. Scheduled for storage in June 1972 and for power generation in November 1972, it will also provide flood control, navigation, and recreation benefits. The reservoir will have the highest concrete gravity dam in the United States, 723 feet high. The largest steelhead trout fish hatchery in the world has been constructed as a part of the project.
Another important multiple-purpose project in the Columbia River Basin is Libby Dam on the Kootenai River in Montana, which will provide benefits from flood control, power production, and recreation. Relocations necessitated by the project include 60 miles of railway and 118 miles of roads and highways. The over-all project is over 70 percent complete.
In Tennessee, the J. Percy Priest Reservoir located in the Cumberland River Basin is near completion. The combination earth and concrete gravity structure is 2,176 feet long and 147 feet high. The power plant, an integral part of the dam, will have a capacity of 33,000 kilowatts in a single unit. The project will provide flood control benefits in the metropolitan area of Nashville.
To think only of dams, dikes, and diversions in connection with flood problems is to overlook the important fact that a flood problem is related as much to the area subject to floodingthe flood plainas it is to the flood. Over the years, efforts have been concentrated on controlling floods by structural means. Only recently has substantial attention been given to proper use of the flood
plain as a means of limiting the susceptibility of the land to flood damage. Increasing recognition of environmental attributes of the flood plainand of the larger area of which it is a partis being given in corps survey investigations and reports. This broad approach is also presented as part of the planning assistance furnished to communities under the Flood Plain Management Services Program, which has produced nearly 400 flood plain information reports on about 1,000 locations throughout the nation, and has furnished flood hazard information on several thousand sites. Nearly 700 locales have used these reports in some phase of land use and related planning. About 185 have adopted or strengthened land use regulationsan important step forward in slowing the increase in the nation's flood losses.
Emergency Assistance
The major emergency activity engaged in by the Army Engineers in fiscal year 1970 was caused by Hurricane Camille, the most intense hurricane on record to enter the U.S. mainland. The toll was 128 deaths, 57 people missing, 17,914 homes destroyed or severely damaged, and $1.68 billion in damages in Mississippi and Louisiana. A broad band of rainfall caused by the hurricane resulted in flooding in Virginia, with $113 million in damages, 105 deaths, and 67 people missing.
In the stricken gulf coast area the Corps of Engineers engaged in disaster operations, closing breached levees and clearing navigation channels under statutory authorities. At the request of the corps, the Third Army ordered the 43d Engineer Battalion into the area to assist in recovery operations consisting mainly of clearing debris from roads and streets. Company D of the 818th Engineer Battalion and the 20th Construction Regiment (Navy) also assisted, all under the operational control of the Army's Mobile (Alabama) district engineer. At the request of the Office of Emergency Preparedness, the corps undertook a disaster assistance program under Public Laws 84-875 and 91-79 at a total estimated cost of $55 million. The corps also restored damaged flood control works and federally authorized shore protection structures and navigation facilities at an estimated cost of $12.3 million.
During the fiscal year the Army continued its activities as a member of the Federal Water Resources Council, with the Corps of Engineers participating directly in the activities of the Council of Representatives and the various supporting technical committees and work groups.
The Army continued its participation in the council's nationwide program of comprehensive river basin water resources development studies. The Corps of Engineers furnished members of the interagency co-ordinating committees and commissions established by the council to co-ordinate federal, state, and local planning for comprehensive river basin development. The river basin program consists of twenty framework studies and sixteen detailed type-2 studies; seven more of the latter are under consideration. One framework study has been completed and ten are in progress. Five type-2 studies have been completed by field-level co-ordinating committees. The reports submitted by the committees contain recommendations for water and related land resource development to meet the needs of both the near and distant future.
A necessity in careful resource planning is the involvement of the public in the planning process. To this end, a variety of communication techniques were tried in the Susquehanna Comprehensive River Basin Survey, nearing completion as the year closed. In addition, this study marked the first time in any federal water resources study that environmental quality was treated as one of the primary objectives for resource development and management. The plan will reflect, to the maximum degree feasible, publicly expressed preferences for environmental restoration and protection. The Federal Water Resources Council is considering adopting similar evaluation principles for water resources projects on a governmentwide basis.
As a result of the governmentwide planning, programing, and budgeting system (PPB) , the Army Corps of Engineers has adopted a regional approach to multiyear investment planning. Nineteen program categories have been established for PPB purposes, consistent with regional boundaries defined by the Federal Water Resources Council. The regions are then broken down into river basins131 basins in all. For each river basin, needs are then projected for urban flood damage reduction, rural flood damage reduction, water supply, commercial fisheries, recreation, navigation, and hydroelectric power.
The character and intensity of water resources problems and opportunities vary significantly among the major regions of the nation. Consequently, resource development needs and opportunities must be measured not only in physical terms but also in relation to the region's level of economic development and its concerns for environmental restoration or preservation.
During fiscal year 1970, primary attention was focused on refining estimates of need and on improving methods of program devel-
opment to reveal more clearly the impact of alternative objectives. Through analysis of regional needs and objectives, a five-year water resources investment program, responsive to varying regional requirements, was submitted for consideration by the administration as a basis for selecting new construction and planning starts, and for allocating the funds available for civil works among the nineteen major national regions. Work continued on improving the PPB data base and in determining priorities for surveys to insure the timely response of civil works activities to emerging needs.
Research and Development
Research and development to support the civil works mission, funded at about $10.5 million in fiscal year 1970, continued to advance Corps of Engineers capabilities in conservation, utilization, and enhancement of the nation's inland and coastal water and related land resources.
Engineering research continued on soils, concrete, and other construction materials; on improvements in design techniques to assure more economical construction of locks and dams, with longer service life and lower operation and maintenance costs, and better able to resist earthquake forces; and on more efficient construction procedures. Continuing efforts were aimed at improving the analysis of hydrologic data, with special emphasis on water supply, water quality control, navigation improvement, and shore protection on the Great Lakes. The corps, as the designated U.S. lead agency for the joint U.S.-Canada International Field Year on the Great Lakes, a major component of the International Hydrological Decade, carried out the preparatory planning. Work continued on development of techniques for protecting coastal shores and beaches from erosive forces of waves and currents, and for minimizing shoaling of coastal harbors and channels. A start was also made on identifying the causes and establishing techniques for restoring or maintaining the usefulness and values of coastal inlets. Research was undertaken on developing practical methods for minimizing the annual losses resulting from ice jams on large northern rivers.
Fiscal year 1970 was the first full year of operation of the Institute for Water Resources. Activities of the institute principally concern research and study in three main areas: improving the scope, depth, and validity of economic evaluation; giving fuller consideration to social and environmental values and effects in the formulation of proposed water resources programs and projects; and improving the total planning process.
Research on preservation, enhancement, and utilization of en-
vironment received increased emphasis. Work continued on improving the assessment of water-oriented recreation demands, on determining the effects on biota of variations in reservoir releases and impoundments, and on formulating aesthetic criteria in the planning of water resource developments. Preliminary studies were made in identifying the effects of dredging, construction, and related developmental activities on ecological balance and environmental values.
Nuclear explosives appear to hold great promise for moving massive quantities of earth and rock economically. The knowledge of channel cutting and harbor construction by explosive means was advanced with the successful completion of a chemical explosives experiment, Project Pre-Gondola III, Phase III, by the U.S. Army Engineer Nuclear Cratering Group during the second quarter of the fiscal year. A channel between the reservoir at Fort Peck, Montana, and an existing row crater was cut on October 6, 1969, with the simultaneous detonation of five charges of aluminized ammonium nitrate slurry totaling seventy tons. The resulting navigable channel varies in width from 135 to 200 feet at water level and is about 35 feet deep.
Another experiment using chemical explosives was carried out at Kawaihae Bay, Hawaii, where a small boat harbor entrance channel and berthing basin was excavated in a series of detonations during the period from April 23 to May 8, 1970. Although the experiment demonstrated the value of chemical explosive excavation in creating a harbor, all charges did not detonate properly, and a small amount of remedial excavation work still remains to be done.
As a result of guidance by the Bureau of the Budget, the Nuclear Cratering Group will become a subordinate agency of the Waterways Experiment Station, the Corps of Engineers' largest research and development laboratory. The Nuclear Cratering Group will remain located at the Atomic Energy Commission's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Livermore, California, where it will emphasize its chemical explosive excavation program.
Military Activities and the Environment
The enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 brought into focus the increasing national concern for the quality of the general environment and gave impetus to a variety of programs, in the military as well as the civil area, designed to protect both air and water from pollution. By Executive Order 11507 of February 5, 1970, President Nixon directed that the fed-
eral government would provide leadership in the nationwide effort to protect and improve the quality of the atmosphere and of water resources. Attention was to be given to these matters in the design, operation, and maintenance of federal facilitiesbuildings, installations, structures, public works, equipment, aircraft, vessels, and other vehicles and property owned by the government or constructed or manufactured for lease to the government.
As a result of prior programing, the Army in fiscal year 1970 funded $19 million for air and water pollution projects in the military construction, procurement, and operation and maintenance sections of the budget. About $40 million and $85 million respectively will be requested for these purposes in the budgets for fiscal years 1971 and 1972.
In fiscal year 1970, $100,000 was also allocated to develop policy and plans and begin operation of a program of limited research and testing of fuels, additives, and emission devices. Funding requests will be enlarged to a total of about $9.6 million for the five coming years. Investigations will cover equipment powered by gasoline, diesel, and turbine engines and their fuels. The Army has co-ordinated its efforts with those of other federal agencies, and especially with the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Army plans and programs are compatible with those developed by the National Air Pollution Control Administration. An Army representative will sit as a member of an advisory committee on advanced power systems that is assisting the Council on Environmental Quality.
In addition to the close attention paid by the Army to the preservation of the natural environment through the water resources development program described above, planning for the proper use of natural resources on Army installations was emphasized. Land, forest, and wildlife management plans include the development of recreation projects, the preservation of wildlife, and retention or restoration of natural beauty with landscape plantings and other vegetative cover. The Army-wide conservation program is applied over approximately thirteen million acres, of which 335,000 are improved groundsareas that receive intensive turf grass management for dust and erosion control to provide lawns for buildup areas and turf for drill fields, aircraft landing fields, and athletic facilities. Also in the past year, improvements were made in the technical direction given to the forest management program, and active fish and wildlife programs were operated at 110 Army installations under co-operative plans with the Department of the Interior and state fish and game agencies.
National attention to air and water pollution control was reflected in activities related to existing Army facilities. Congress appropriated $6.4 million for construction of air pollution control projects and $6.6 million for construction of water pollution control projects. Further progress was also made in actions to eliminate open burning of refuse, procure fuels with lower sulfur content, and replace coal-fired heating plants with gas or oil units. Corrective actions for presently known sources of pollution will cost about $160 million.
Military Engineering Research and Development
Research in military engineering methods and techniques for support of the Army in the field was broadened and increased during the past year. As indicated previously, new designs for aircraft revetments were developed and disseminated to engineer units in the field. Development of shelters providing overhead cover was also initiated. A thin-walled metal arch structure having a clear span opening of eighty feet is a pilot item in the program. This structure is designed to support a two-foot-thick layer of concrete on top of the shell, which will provide protection from direct hits of most artillery, mortar, or rocket projectiles. The structure is large enough to shelter any Army aircraft.
Research has also continued on development of methods of locating covered sources of aggregates (gravels) in delta areas through analysis of various types of aerial photography. Excellent progress has been made to date in special construction materials maps which are being used to aid the LOC highway program in Vietnam.
In conjunction with the Air Force and Federal Aviation Administration, the Army Chief of Engineers is developing permanent design and evaluation criteria applicable to the Air Force C-5A and other multiwheeled and very heavy aircraft. Development of criteria for expedient pavement-surfacing of airfields for such aircraft in theaters of operations was also initiated. Initial test reports indicate present design theories and practices are adequate for portland cement concrete pavements and slightly conservative for asphaltic concrete pavements.
At the request of the U.S. Army, Vietnam, Engineer, a study was conducted to determine critical standoff distances for various types of bridge piers with regard to a variety of explosive charges. This study has led to the initiation of new research to develop the methodology for blowing the deck off a bridge by means of a water column produced by an explosion. Methods of protecting against this form of bridge demolition are also being investigated.
A pre-engineered collapsible and reusable battle area bunker system which can be emplaced by a squad of men in under eight hours was being developed. The system can be put into position without the use of special tools.
Investigation of a new method of constructing a roadbed without the use of gravel was initiated in fiscal year 1969 and is scheduled for completion in fiscal year 1971. The technique consists of encapsulating common soil in a durable, trafficable, watertight membrane. One of the primary features in the system is the ability to construct the roadbed over soft soils. Research presently indicates that a twelve-inch layer of the encased material, including the wearing surface, can be emplaced at a rate of approximately 300 feet an hour.
Research and testing was also continued in nuclear construction engineering under the Corps of Engineers portion of the Army's Nuclear Weapons Effects Research and Test program. Reports and technical papers on nuclear cratering, and on underground and underwater effects of nuclear weapons, were published. Data contained in these reports will be useful in design and construction of ballistic missiles and related defensive systems. A five-year, long-range, nuclear weapons effects research plan, which integrates the nuclear effects research required by numerous U.S. agencies, was developed and published by the Army.
Improvement and modernization of Army bridging capabilities continued. A cable-reinforcing kit for standard Bailey panel bridges was developed. This kit will increase allowable bridge loads by prestressing the Bailey bridge components. Development and testing for a mobile amphibious bridge-ferry (MAB) was completed. The bridge has been adopted and is being procured for troop use in Europe. The MAB consists of self-propelled amphibious transporters with bridge roadway superstructures which can be easily linked together to form a continuous bridge or rafts of various sizes and load capabilities. The mobility of these units and their speed of assembly will permit rapid assault crossings in support of military operations.
Development of a rapidly erectable floating bridge known as the ribbon bridge has proceeded. This bridge is designed to be erected in one-fifth the time of current comparable U.S. float bridging. Delivery of prototypes for testing is scheduled for December 1970. Two of the recently developed British medium girder fixed bridges are also being procured for confirmatory testing. These bridges, scheduled for delivery in mid-fiscal 1971, are made of high strength aluminum alloy components that can be assembled and
installed rapidly, without heavy erection equipment, to support class-60 loads on spans up to 100 feet.
A new organizational concept for real property maintenance activities (RPMA) support in oversea theaters of operation was developed as a result of recommendations made by the Lincoln Board. The concept emphasized centralization and stovepiping of RPMA units in order to provide the technical supervision, co-ordination, and control by the theater Army staff engineer to insure more efficient use of available RPMA resources. Adoption of the concept will require the transfer of RPMA responsibility from theater Army service support elements to the theater Army engineer command; development of three new Army engineer organizations to provide an adequate organization capability for RPMA support; and modernization of the current service team series for augmentation of basic engineer units including the three new organizations. These new organizations, the facilities engineering team, group, and district, will serve as the framework upon which RPMA support is formed, and will be assigned to the Engineer command.
The facilities engineering team will serve as the basic mobile element for initial and immediate RPMA support for division-size forces in a theater of operations. It will deploy with a division-size force with equipment and any specialized tools needed to erect, operate, and maintain new or unique facilities. The team structure will contain a maximum number of operating craftsmen and a minimum essential amount of supervisory, management, and planning personnel.
The team will normally be replaced by the phased deployment of a facilities engineering group. The group will have a complete staff to plan, program, schedule, and account for the complete range of facilities engineering activities of the installation or area concerned, and a full complement of operating craftsmen to execute RPMA tasks.
In a large theater of operations, a facilities engineering district will provide the intermediate level of command, management, and administration necessary to control two to four facilities engineering groups. It will have only those technical craftsmen necessary for the proper planning, supervision, inspection, and accounting of RPMA tasks. Modern, sophisticated management systems will be employed to insure full utilization of RPMA resources, immediate response to emergencies, accounting for real property and funds, and long-range requirements planning and budget, materiel, and manpower programing.
Mapping and Geodesy
The U.S. Army Topographic Command (USATOPOCOM) completed three major projects which yielded large quantities of data for the precise determination of distances and directions, and determination of specific locations on the surface of the earth. Two of these programs, sequential collation of ranges (SECOR) and ballistic camera #4 (BC-4) employed satellites which were tracked electronically (SECOR) and optically (BC-4). The third program, designated as twelfth parallel survey, employed optical and electronic surveying instruments operated by ground survey parties. Observations from these projects are processed by computer and integrated into the topographic data bank. These data are used to increase man's knowledge of the size and shape of the earth, produce more accurate maps, and support national environmental and space programs. An associated program for measuring the variance of gravity of the earth's surface continued, and a follow-on program using the Doppler system for tracking electronic satellites was initiated to reinforce and refine previously accumulated topographic data.
USATOPOCOM also closed out operations of the 64th Engineer Battalion on the continents of Asia and Africa. Among the accomplishments of the battalion were completion of a 1200-mile-long arc of first-order triangulation in Libya, which closed the loop of geodetic survey around the Mediterranean Sea; establishment of survey control (latitude, longitude, and elevation) for approximately 1,250,000 square miles in Libya, Iran, Ethiopia, and Liberia as the first step in the new mapping of these countries; and collection of essential information concerning names of towns, rivers, and mountains, locations of boundaries, types of roads and bridges, and like data for approximately 1,000,000 square miles in these countries.
A third-generation computer (UNIVAC-1108) was delivered to the USATOPOCOM in June 1970. When acceptance tests are completed this computer will provide increased data processing capability; less efficient equipment will be phased out and costly contracts for computer support will be discontinued.
During fiscal year 1970 USATOPOCOM began to support the Army's new surveillance, target acquisition, and night observation (STANO) program and the field phase of that program, Project MASSTER. Topographic support is divided into two categories. The first involves the provision of topographic products and services necessary to carry out the STANO tests. The second is the development of techniques to determine soil conditions for effective
location and emplacement of unattended ground sensors. Support is also being provided for the 524th Engineer Topographic Company (Corps) at Fort Hood, Texas, for the survey of test areas and the development of the unit's photogrammetric capabilities.
The U.S. Army Topographic Command has active co-operative agreements with the mapping agencies of more than fifty countries. In conjunction with these agencies the command has continued to provide a wide variety of topographic products to U.S. and Free World forces. It has also furnished assistance in the form of maps and topographic information to civilian agencies engaged in disaster relief operations, such as those following Hurricane Camille. The command also participated in the settlement of the Chile-Argentina boundary dispute by providing aerial photography, maps, and technical consultant services to the boundary commission.
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Last updated 9 August 2004


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Gary J. Olmstead
Dr. Gary Olmstead received the Bachelor of Music Degree from the University of Michigan, the Master of Fine Arts Degree from Ohio University, and the Doctor of Musical Arts Degree from the Cleveland Institute of Music. He has studied with James Salmon, Stanley Leonard, and Cloyd Duff. Honors include the 1985 "Teacher of the Year" Award presented by the Pennsylvania Music Teachers Association, the 1987 "Achievement in Music Award" presented by Ohio University, the 1994 "Distinguished Faculty Award for Teaching" from IUP, and membership in Phi Kappa Phi, National Honor Society. Olmstead has served the Percussive Arts Society as President, a member of the Board of Directors, First Vice-President, and currently as a permanent member of the Board of Directors and the Past-President's Advisory Committee. He has also served the Music Teachers National Association as National Percussion Chairman. His extensive performing experience includes performances with the Pittsburgh Symphony Chamber Orchestra, the Chautauqua Symphony Orchestra, and the Cleveland Orchestra. Olmstead served twenty-three seasons as Principal Timpanist of the Westmoreland Symphony Orchestra and served as Principal Timpanist of the Keystone Wind Ensemble since its inception. He recently retired after 37 years as Director of Percussion studies,


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Definition of shuddering
p. pr. & vb. n. - of Shudder 2
The word "shuddering" uses 10 letters: D D E G H I N R S U.
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1 Recommendation
MaggieLuvs2Shop's recommendation
You gotta have those red jeans Mrs. Katie Holmes Cruise recently wore out. Kate Moss has them available at Top Shop! Red as can be and a great color for the holiday season too!
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text: Venetian Mirrored Pedestal Stand. This furniture has been carefully built using a combination of mirror glass and wooden frames. It has been inspired by the Italian Venetian period, the versatile design of this range will sit comfortably in a modern or traditional setting making this mirrored furniture a welcome addition to any home.


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- 코스
High quality English language training for motivated adults
- 유용한 정보
Accommodation, services, travel and visas, living in London
Organisation, news, careers and franchise information
LSE 'exceeds expectations' in recent ISI inspection
Posted on: 01/12/2011
In October 2011 we were inspected by the Independent Schools Inspectorate (ISI). We are proud to announce that we achieved the highest of standards in all areas of the inspection which were:
• The quality of the curriculum,...
In October 2011 we were inspected by the Independent Schools Inspectorate (ISI). We are proud to announce that we achieved the highest of standards in all areas of the inspection which were:
• The quality of the curriculum, teaching and learners achievement
• Students' welfare including health and safety
• The effectiveness of governance and management
The executive summary of that inspection is as follows:
The London School of English exceeds expectations. It delivers a very high level of educational provision to its students. The school offers a wide range of high quality courses that are extremely effective in supporting students' skills development and enabling them to progress in their future careers and further studies. The courses offered are specifically tailored to meet learners' individual needs. Course participation is very high and most students complete their programmes successfully. The curriculum is flexible and innovative although banks of learning materials are not monitored consistently across all courses. As a result, course materials and the delivery of some new courses are sometimes variable. The quality of teaching and learning at the school exceeds expectations. Learning activities are well planned and excellent use is made of resources to support and promote learning. Students are extremely well motivated. As a result there are outstanding success rates on many of the courses. However, there is still scope for improvements in the assessment of work.
The school provides an excellent environment for students and staff, with high quality facilities. These provide a comfortable environment which supports learning. The premises have recently received significant investment and extensive refurbishment, carried out to a very good standard and with health and safety factors taking a high profile. There is an excellent range of health and safety policies and procedures in place which are effectively implemented. Attendance is rigorously monitored and attendance and enrolment data are systematically recorded on the school's customised database. Pastoral support is excellent and students feel they are well supported in their studies and in their progression to further study. The programmes of learning as well as the leisure programme are thoughtfully targeted to their interests, needs and aspirations. Students reported that they generally receive excellent support, both inside and outside the classroom. They praised the friendly atmosphere of the school and feel happy to approach staff if they have a problem. Inspectors agree with their views.
The leadership and management of the school exceed expectations. The senior leadership team is closely involved in the running of the school and there is a caring approach to staff and students which permeates throughout the school from the top. There is an effective management structure which ensures that courses run effectively. Day-to-day responsibility of the curriculum is usefully shared between two course managers. Staff are well qualified and experienced and are supported by a strong focus on continuing personal development. Quality assurance is prioritised. There is a good range of effective mechanisms to monitor quality including a high level of very positive feedback from students at all stages of their school experience. However, the arrangements for carrying out pre-appointment checks on staff have not always been applied as rigorously as they should as sometimes staff have started work before the checks have been finalised.
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Harmonies, Melodies, and Fugues
de Andy Ilachinski
Ediciones relacionadas
Ebook, formato iPad de Apple
Acerca del libro
This project dates back to Thanksgiving 2009, which my family and I celebrated at my mother-in-laws' home in Florida. As our meal started, and I reached for salt, I was mesmerized by the reflections of the overhead lights on the salt shaker's sinuous brushed-aluminum surface. Naturally, I spent the remaining part of our trip playing with the macro lens with which I always travel.
After we got home, I played with other reflecting surfaces and soon moved on to refractions of light in various forms of translucent colored glass. I've since used every imaginable glass or plastic object; from glasses and goblets to crystals, vases, prisms, whiskey and rum bottles! But what started out as an innocent exploration of "colored light abstractions" - captured for their own sake, purely in terms of their aesthetics - at some point evolved into a more focused "search" for what I call synesthetic landscapes (and called Synesthscapes for the portfolio that was published in Lenswork Magazine DVD Edition #105).
Synesthesia derives from the Greek syn, meaning "union" plus aisthaesis, meaning "sensation," and thus means "joined sensation," such as when something that is ordinarily "seen" is tasted as well. It is a condition that appears in some form in up to 1% of the population. In my case, up until about the age of 10, I vividly remember perceiving numbers (and, less frequently, letters) as colors. Sadly, I now only rarely experience this phenomenon. I call this series Synesthetic Landscapes because of the suggestive manner in which reflections / refractions of otherwise "unappreciated" streams of light evoke the synesthetic experience of vast landscapes, seascapes, and other "majestic" vistas.
Características y detalles
- Categoría Fotografía artística
Apaisado estándar, 25×20 cm
124 Páginas
- Tapa blanda: 9781457982392
- Tapa dura impresa: 9781457982408
- Fecha de publicación jul. 20, 2013
- Idioma English
- Etiquetas fine-art photography, color abstracts, abstract photography, synesthesia
Acerca del creador
A Ph.D. physicist specializing in modeling complex adaptive systems by day, Andy is a published photographer who spends most of his free time with a camera. A founding member of Lorton Arts Foundation's Workhouse Photographic Society in 2009 (near Occoquan, VA), his photographs have won numerous awards, have been exhibited in many juried solo and group shows, hang in galleries, businesses, and private homes, and have appeared in numerous publications. Featured in Lenswork four times, spotlighted in B&W magazine twice, multiple-time finalist in the prestigious B&W Spider Awards, and published on many on-line magazines and blogs (including Luminous Landscape and Shadow & Light magazine), Andy has also been featured in Stone Voices magazine and won the international book contest sponsored by the UK Black + White Photography magazine in 2007. His blog (started in 2004) has been named one of the top 100 photography blogs by Photography Colleges
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In this global economy, it is helpful to know what parts of the world are awake and what parts are asleep at any given time. These apps give you a super overview.
Daylight Zone
Tis app divides the world into day and night and allows you to put a digital clock over it and use as live wallpaper.
Daylight World Map
This app highlights the world with daylight, darkness or twilight and gives you the time as well as sunrise and sunset estimates.
Daylight Clock
This app uses shading to indicate day and night though out the world and shows the current time.
Daylight Live Wallpaper
View a satellite image by NASA of the world as day and night sweep across it via this app's wallpaper.


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Peter Lauria breaks down the lyrics to decipher the man with the mic.
mic, standing there with a bucket in his hand, had no idea what he'd done wrong.
He was recorded saying something he would have said whether he knew the mic was on or not.
"As soon as you turn your mic off, they were at your door," JoJo Hailey said.
At which Barry put down the mic and basked in a round of applause.
This nerve divides into three branches:—The oph-thal´mic, superior max´il-la-ry, and inferior max´il-la-ry.
Spores yellow-brown in mass, globose or oval, even, 9–12 mic.
Spores globose, very minutely warted, dark violaceous, 10–11 mic.
Spores in the mass blackish-brown, globose, even, 16–18 mic.
Mass of capillitium and spores yellow; elaters simple or sometimes branched, 3–4 mic.


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By Todd Martin
Special to the Hood Herald
A group of eighth-grade English students in Harker Heights recently decided to encourage some American heroes the old- fashioned way with pencil and paper and a lot of heart.
Doris Rose's first-period class at Eastern Hills Middle School organized a school-wide drive to write letters to encourage soldiers impacted by the Nov. 5 shooting at Fort Hood and then expanded it to include their Adopt-A-School soldier partners.
Eighth-grader Cashe Beck took the role of voicing announcements to the whole school encouraging students to write letters to soldiers.
Other students took on the roles of picking up letters from other classes, coloring on the letters and packaging them in envelopes.
Eighth-grader Jordan Oliver took the lead in the effort, encouraging others to write. His dad delivered the first batch to III Corps following the Nov. 5 shooting. More recently, as the school's Adopt-A-School partner, III Corps Phantom Battalion, cased their colors and began to deploy, the students turned their efforts to penning and illustrating letters to their school's adopted soldiers.
In a separate but related project, the class prepared special letters and pictures for a notebook to send to police Sgt. Kim Munley who helped to end the shooting on the post.
"I think she helped us a lot so the situation didn't lead to more (shootings)," Beck said. Other students said they felt honored to be able to encourage soldiers who give their time to the school and to those who labor to keep Fort Hood secure.


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Bleeding Cool reviews The Steam Engines of Oz!Thursday, May 9th, 2013
The Steam Engines of Oz, which debuted on FCBD 2013, received a review from Bleeding Cool following its debut, which you can read in full BY CLICKING HERE. It was on a list of five titles with "Damn Fine Art From FCBD". Read an excerpt below!
"Arcana's book is dominated by the moody, sinuous flow of Yannis Roumoulias' artwork, set off by softly blended earth tones of Chandran Ponnusamy's colors, and well-blended heroic and italic letters by Erik Hendrix. In fact, you get the sense you're viewing the story through a faint haze of steam, which serves the material well. This is steam punk gone wild, as you might suspect from the title, and there's no shortage of aesthetically appealing gears, gadgets, rivets, and clambering among them. But this is also the world of Oz, with its dream-like palaces, and Roumoulias shows an equal skill at rendering organic shapes and long-distance cityscapes. This is a book where the artwork really carries the epic, adventure feel panel by panel. Like many of these art-charged FCBD titles chosen, you find yourself reflexively turning the page, hoping for a longer book."
Thank you to Bleeding Cool for the amazing review!
So, if you happened to miss The Steam Engines of Oz and want to learn more about it, you can go to our web site for it, TheSteamEnginesOfOz.com. Also, we are going to finish our first arc in Issues 1-3, which take place right after the FCBD issue and are being solicited NOW through Diamond Previews. If you would like to help us make more stories after that, check out our KickStarter Campaign!


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Mechanics and Construction > Mechanics and Construction
Tamiya Track kit...extra parts?
I'm in the process of building up my first robot using a Tamiya track kit. After putting everything together, I have some extra pieces that are not referenced in the documentation at all. They look like a pair of linkage arms and some stand offs, but I have no idea what they are supposed to be used for. I know the kit comes with other wheels and extra track, so I'm assuming these are for something else as well.
[0] Message IndexGo to full version


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§31A-4-39. Transactions on legal holidays and Sundays.
No act or transaction of any banking institution shall be void or voidable because done on a legal holiday or a Sunday. But this section shall not be construed to require of any such institution the doing of any act on a legal holiday or a Sunday.


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District college notebook: Potopenko's huge day at plate spurs Waynesburg's record output
• Sophomore infielder Katey Potopenko (Steel Valley) went 5 for 5 with two homers, a double, four runs and nine RBIs in a 19-5 rout of Franciscan on Wednesday. It was Waynesburg's highest run output since 2008.
• The women's lacrosse team beat two ranked teams last week and moved up to No. 8 in the Division II rankings. Sophomore Drew Hayden (Pine-Richland) scored five goals as the Crimson Hawks topped No. 4 Lock Haven, 11-9, in overtime Sunday. IUP also beat then-No. 8 Rollins (Fla.), 16-14, on Thursday. Hayden is second on the Crimson Hawks (4-2) with 17 goals.
• Freshman Jesse Hinkle (Thomas Jefferson) became the first person in program history to win an individual event, taking first in the javelin at Saturday's Early Bird Invitational at Cal (Pa.). Her throw of 115 feet was 6 feet better than the second-place finisher.
• Junior pitcher Dan Altavilla (Elizabeth Forward) threw a no-hitter in a 3-0 victory over Clarion on Friday. He struck out 12 and walked one, improving to 3-0 this season with a 1.69 ERA.
• Freshman runner Savon Salter (Penn Hills) won three events at the season-opening Early Bird Invitational. He took first in the 110-meter hurdles and 400 meters and was part of the 1,600 relay team.
of NOTE
• Clarion women's basketball coach Gie Parsons is retiring after 25 seasons. The Gateway graduate led the Golden Eagles to six NCAA D-II Tournaments, three PSAC championships and five PSAC West titles while compiling a record of 352-336.
• Edinboro junior Valerie Majewski was named to the Women's Basketball Coaches Association Division II All-American team. Redshirt junior Laurel Lindsay (South Park) was an honorable mention selection. Stan Swank was selected as one of eight finalists for the inaugural Pat Summitt Trophy, which goes to the top coach in D-II.
• St. Vincent senior forward Dillon Stith became the second player in Presidents' Athletic Conference history to earn All-America honors from the NABC, earning a spot on the third team in D-III.
• Grove City sophomore swimmer Megan Bilko (Canon-McMillan) received four All-America honors at the NCAA D-III swimming and diving championships over the weekend, including a ninth-place finish in the 1,650 freestyle.
• West Virginia senior gymnast Hope Sloanhoffer won the program's first Big 12 title Saturday.
• Penn State swimmer Alyson Ackman posted a Big Ten-record time of 1:43.81 in the 200 freestyle at the NCAA D-I swimming and diving championships Saturday, finishing fifth and becoming the first Nittany Lions swimmer to garner first-team All-America status since 2008.
• Robert Morris junior hockey player Cody Wydo was named MVP of the AHA playoffs after totaling seven goals and five assists. The Colonials (19-17-5) earned their first berth in the NCAA Tournament and face Minnesota (25-6-6) at 5:30 p.m. Saturday at Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul, Minn. The game is on ESPN2.
• The Pitt baseball team (12-10, 4-5 ACC) swept Duke (14-11, 4-5) over the weekend in its first home series in the ACC.
— Jeff Vella


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Lewis BaltzNevada 12, Lemmon Valley Looking Northeast, from the portfolio Nevada
gelatin silver print
6 3/8 x 9 1/2 in.
Smithsonian American Art Museum, Gift of Joshua P. Smith
Monotonous architectural elements used as building blocks blur under an early morning blanket of shadow. Baltz's 1977 series, Nevada, describes a stark, isolated suburban tract. Twelfth in the series of fifteen prints, Lemmon Valley Looking Northeast implies that we build monochromatic suburbs and then must flee to the city for color and enrichment


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Forum:Ok, ok - time out!
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Look, people - have we not had enough with this "Benson" nonsense? Do we really need to pay so much attention to a retard that generates rubbish articles ([1], [2]) and useless scat ([3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10])? If having too many pictures is a problem, if no one voting at VFD page is a problem, and if vandalism is a problem, then why are we encouraging a pest to carry on with his shenanigan? As long as we continue this "joke", we are simply showing everyone in the world that we are contradicting ourselves and we all seriously need a girlfriend (or whatever you prefer). Plesase, my friends, enough is enough.
For more Benson's "contributions", see here. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Col.swordman (talk • contribs)
- That's all older stuff though. As long as he keeps it in this forum and other non-articles, as he has for the past week, it's not a big deal in my opinion. And self-contradiction is an honored Uncyclopedia pastime. —rc (t) 18:10, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
- I'm glad you're a fan of Benson... You'll take the fact that he's making us seem quite ED-like (only less mature) with a sense of humour. --⇔ Sir Mon€¥$ignSTFU F@H|UotM|+S 18:32, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
Benson condones his actions on wikipedia. it will not happen again. BENSON WILL ONLY RULE ON UNCYCLOPEDIA! Benson 02:13, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
- You do realize that pointing him out like this, and trying to make a big deal out of it, just like countless others have already done, is only making him get more attention, right? Maybe you shuold think about these things next time before you go off and post another entry on a topic that I'm sure has already been discussed. t o m p k i n s blah. ﺞوﻦ וףה ՃՄ ண்ஸ ފއހ วอฏม +տ trade websites 18:13, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
- HOW DARE YOU CALL BENSON A RETARD! HE IS THE ONE, THE ONLY, BENSON. AND EVEN IF BENSON WASN'T COOL, WE'VE ACTUALLY FEATURED RUBBISH ARTICLES IN THE PAST. SHAME ON YOU FOR MOCKING HIS HOLINESS. --User:Nintendorulez 22:18, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
Congrates! Benson now has a vandetta with you! Benson 22:56, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
- What Nintendorulez said. - Sir Real Hamster {la} {talk} {contribs} 02:42, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
This really doesn't help remove BENSON (not that anyone would want to remove BENSON). If somebody cared, BENSON wouldn't be here. --Uncyclon - Do we still link to BENSON? 08:14, 16 June 2006 (UTC)


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Tom Lane <tgl(at)sss(dot)pgh(dot)pa(dot)us> wrote: > "Kevin Grittner" <Kevin(dot)Grittner(at)wicourts(dot)gov> writes: >> That "F0" class looks suspicious; are those really defined by >> standard or did we encroach on standard naming space with >> PostgreSQL-specific values? > > I think we screwed up on that :-(. So we ought to renumber those > codes anyway. Perhaps use "PF" instead of "F0"? Sounds good to me. -Kevin
Next: From: Robert Haas Date: 2012-05-02 15:10:18 Subject: clog double-dip in heap_hot_search_buffer Previous: From: Tom Lane Date: 2012-05-02 14:23:17 Subject: Re: proposal: additional error fields


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Williams-Sonoma ABC Cookie Cutters
Most children will agree that mastering the alphabet is much more fun when the letters can be eaten as they're learned. Designed to transform the ABCs into tasty cookies, our sturdy tin cutters are also great for spelling out holiday or birthday greetings. Each letter measures approximately 2 1/2" by 3 1/2". The set of 26 cutters comes in a decorative lunchbox tin, complete with carrying handle. A Williams-Sonoma exclusive.
May the force be with you... and also your cookies.Tags: kitchen, utensils, baking, gifts, cookies, Star Wars, darth vader, cookie cutters, stormtrooperAdded 7 Years Ago from Williams-Sonoma
Use the pre-made phrases from the Message-in-a-Cookie Cutters ($20) to send a sweet sentiment of love, thanks or celebration
Tags: baking, cookies, printed, personalized, personalize, cookie cuttersAdded 8 Years Ago from Williams-Sonoma
If you get these cookie cutters everyone will be mucho impressed by how talented you are at making cookies!Tags: baking, cookies, holidays, cookie cutters, snowflakes, cuttersAdded 8 Years Ago from Williams-Sonoma
These remind me of those plastic plates you could switch out that you'd put paper over and then color on them!Added 8 Years Ago from Williams-Sonoma
Now you can bring delicious animal crackers to your home. They are actually spring loaded to release perfectly shaped cookies. These are perfect for an after school snack or a treat for you to eat while reading or watching tv.Added 9 Years Ago from Williams-Sonoma
Make 3-D cat, pumpkin, witch, or haunted house cookies. Too cool!!!Tags: baking, cookies, cats, fun, Halloween, haunted houses, pumpkin, witch, cookie cuttersAdded 10 Years Ago from Williams-Sonoma


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Reviews: Anonymous
- Anonymous
- USA, Couple, 18-24
- Novice Nomad
ACBB Hostel Niagara, Niagara Falls, Canada
the area where the hostel was scary at night because it seemed deserted, however, in the morning it was just fine. The staff was very nice and helpful!!
- Anonymous
- USA, Female, 18-24
- Novice Nomad
Mint Guesthouse in Hongdae, Seoul, South Korea
No customer comment
Hostelworld Mobile Apps
Book on the go with the new Hostelworld mobile apps.


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Slide Show
Clinical Trial Design Issues in Development of Topical Microbicides
Tim Farley
Department of Reproductive Health and Research
World Health Organization
Geneva, Switzerland
Measures of product effect
Efficacy, effectiveness and use-effectiveness
Choice of control arms
Placebo product or no product (condom only)
Strength of evidence
Are two independent trials at P < 0.05 ethical?
Efficacy vs. Effectiveness
prevented fraction of infections when product used
In practice,
product not used consistently
observe effectiveness
= prevented fraction under conditions of typical use
Despite collecting information on when product used and when not used, cannot estimate efficacy from microbicide trial
Use in general population, beyond carefully controlled and artificial research setting
less well-trained or -informed users
changes in sexual behaviour and condom use
inconsistent supply, …
May be very difficult to estimate
Requires good measure of incidence in target population when product not available or before introduction
Directly comparable information lacking
Choice of Control Arm
Ensures balance of factors related to individual risk and to patterns of condom and product use
Cannot balance changes of behaviour once study group has been revealed
Require good masking (or blinding)
Placebo-controlled double-blind trial
Preferred whenever feasible
Gives unbiased estimate of product effectiveness
No-product Arm?
Essential when no placebo product available
Cannot rely on randomization and blinding to balance behaviours and condom use
Must collect high-quality, extensive and reliable data on product and condom use
Analysis adjusted for reported behaviours
Expected misclassification dilutes estimated effect
Two control groups?
Costly, no benefit for interpretation, potentially confusing, (e.g. COL-1492)
Strength of Evidence
Two independent studies at P < 0.05
Ethical Review Committees unlikely to approve
Single study at P < 0.0013
equivalent to two independent P < 0.05 studies
Also unethical
Single P < 0.05 study may not convince
When would a second study be no longer ethical? P < 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, …?


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Bermuda Saw-Whet Owl
Native To: Bermuda
Disappeared: 2014
Reason: Unknown, but may be due to the decline of cedar and palmetto trees, or the arrival of non-native
predators and competitors.
Formosan Clouded Leopard
Native To: Taiwan
Disappeared: 2013
Reason: Extensive logging of natural habitat.
Cape Verde Giant Skink
Native To: Cape Verde Islands
Disappeared: 2013
Reason: Hunted for food and "skink oil" by native
Pinta Island Tortoise
Native To: Pinta Island, Ecuador
Disappeared: 2012
Reason: Hunting
Japanese River Otter
Native To: Seto Inland Seas, Uwa Sea
Disappeared: 2012
Reason: Hunting in the past, pollution and human development during recent times.
Western Black Rhinoceros
Native To: Sub-Saharan Africa
Disappeared: 2011
Reason: Poaching
Eastern Cougar
Native To: northeastern North America
Disappeared: 2011
Reason: Hunting, and decline of its primary prey, the white tailed deer, also due to hunting.
Spotted Green Pigeon
Native To: Island in the south Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean
Disappeared: 2008
Reason: Hunting and Predation by introduced animals.
Baiji Dolphin
Native To: Yangtze River, China
Disappeared: 2006
Reason: Industrialization and heavy use of the river for fishing, transportation and hydroelectricity.
Pyrenean Ibex
Native To: Iberian Peninsula
Disappeared: 2000
Reason: Hunting


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No choice but jail for Aboriginal girl
The Sun-Herald
Page Tools
A homeless Aboriginal girl has been locked in a juvenile detention centre for almost four weeks because she has nowhere else to go.
The 15-year-old girl has spent the past six months in and out of the juvenile detention centres in Wollongong and Sydney, because her Department of Community Services caseworkers have been unable to find her a home.
The teenager, who cannot be named for legal reasons, was first charged in December with two minor scuffles and granted bail.
She spent a week in custody, waiting for a DOCS placement, before making her own arrangements to stay with friends.
When a fresh charge was laid last month, she was again granted bail. But she was taken to Yasmar Juvenile Justice Centre in Sydney after her caseworkers failed to find her appropriate accommodation.
She has been there since March 15.
Police have never opposed bail in the case, and the Children's Court has repeatedly ordered that the girl be released on bail on the condition that she "reside as directed" by the Department of Community Services.
The case has been referred for a youth justice conference, which usually means bail is dispensed with.
Her solicitor, Carli Rothman, told the Children's Court in December that it was unacceptable that the girl was locked up because DOCS could not find her a home.
"It's a classic example of the drift of children under the care of DOCS into the criminal justice system," Ms Rothman said.
On Friday, DOCS said a position had been found for the girl and would be available in a week. She has been bailed to live with her aunt until then.
A spokesman said it was hard to place the girl "due to her behaviour" and she had refused a placement before.
Professor of Law and Indigenous Studies at the University of Technology Sydney, Professor Larissa Behrendt, said there was a high rate in recidivism in the NSW criminal justice system, but Aboriginal people were more likely to return to prison, and the chances were even greater for Aboriginal women and juveniles.
Professor Behrendt said the case came at a time when finding alternative pathways for young offenders was a major focus for researchers and policy makers.
"Precisely because there's an interest in stopping that cycle, the failure of the system to be able to find an alternative to jail for a young Aboriginal woman in this situation is of concern," she said.
Get the SMH delivered for as little as $3 a week - SAVE 21%


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|DEP Home
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ASIWPCA Releases Unprecedented Reference on Nation's Clean Water Programs
The Association of State and Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators (ASIWPCA) has released a never-before-published historical reference on the Clean Water Act and State/Interstate efforts to control water pollution. Entitled Clean Water Act Thirty-Year Retrospective: History and Documents Related to the Federal Statute, this publication is an unprecedented collection of history and historical documents that are of use for those with an interest in the nation's clean water programs.
"The Retrospective is truly unique," said Robbi Savage, ASIWPCA Executive Director. "While there have been multiple histories of Federal clean water programs, there has been far less attention given to the history of State and Interstate efforts to protect water quality. The Retrospective tells both stories, with historical overviews as well as collections of some of the most notable Federal and State/Interstate documents. It also lets those who have made clean water history speak for themselves. ASIWPCA invited former and current Members of Congress; heads of Federal, State, and Interstate agencies; and Congressional staff to comment on the development, enactment, and implementation of the Clean Water Act thirty years after its passage, and the letters from those individuals shed tremendous light on the challenges and obstacles related to the development of the nation's clean water programs."
"This was truly a labor of love for those of us who were involved in the early years of ASIWPCA and the passage of the 1972 statute," said Alfred Peloquin, ASIWPCA President, 1973-1974. "I applaud the Association for documenting its and the nation's clean water history and for incorporating the perspectives of water quality professionals from both the present and the past."
Among the documents included in the Retrospective are Presidential veto statements; House and Senate debates on overriding vetoes; State/Interstate recommendations for improving national clean water programs from past and current decades; and State/Interstate evaluations of progress in water programs. The Retrospective also includes:
The Retrospective can be ordered by faxing an order form or by calling 202-898-0905.
Last updated: June 24, 2015
2600 Blair Stone Road M.S. 3500
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
850-245-8336 (phone) / 850-245-8356 (fax)


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Latest question:
How do you think the new GigE standards will influence the machine vision industry?
Respond or ask your question now!
The RL-9 high output LED ring light from Orled now comes with a polarizing option that diminishes glare from reflective objects.
It functions by allowing light from the RL-9's LEDs to pass through a polarizing film before illuminating the object. Light bounces off the object and passes through an analyzer before arriving at the eye of the operator or the lens of the camera. Rotating the ring at the center of the ring light aligns the analyzer with the polarizer. The result is an image that has less glare and more contrast. Glare reduction can be an indispensable asset for many applications such as electronics, eliminating the reflections off solder beads when inspecting assembled circuit boards. Orled Tigard, Ore. www.orled.com


text: A 100% vinyl addict that will never give up to any other format. Mourad started djing in the mid-eighties. His mixing style and musical knowledge have taken him all over europe and all the way to Asia. Born and raised in Tunis, Tunisia where he sharpened his skills by playing hiphop and electro but also soul, reggae and rare groove. His love for soul and jazz came from an eclectic father who was..DJ Mourad's biography DJ Mourad Musician