text:
The State of Texas charges sales tax on all purchases made by individuals or entities within the state unless the entity making the purchase has a tax-exempt status. Texas State, as a governmental instrumentality of the State of Texas, claims federal tax-exempt tax status under Section 115 of the Internal Revenue Code. Although the university is generally exempt from paying Texas sales taxes, some purchases are not exempt and sales tax must be paid. Tax-exempt purchases, taxable purchases, and allowable payments or reimbursements of sales taxes are discussed below.
Texas State does not pay sales and use tax when it purchases taxable items that are necessary to the university's tax-exempt purpose. An authorized agent or employee of Texas State may purchase items tax-free for the university if the agent or employee gives the merchant a Sales Tax Exemption Certificate. If an item is purchased tax-free for Texas State, the item cannot be used for a private party's or the individual's benefit afterwards.
When tax-exempt items are purchased for the university, the agent or employee is required to complete a Sales Tax Exemption Certificate. The agent or employee signing the document will be responsible for any questioned purchases under a State of Texas sales tax audit. The Texas Sales Tax Exemption Certificate may be downloaded from the Texas State Tax Specialist's webpage.
State of Texas sales tax regulations consider certain purchases as taxable even when they are made by the university as a tax-exempt entity. A sales Tax Exemption Certificate may not be given to merchant for the following taxable purchases:
Texas sales tax may be paid or reimbursed on taxable purchases at the discretion of the account manager. Texas sales tax may not be paid or reimbursed on tax-exempt purchases. If an agent or employee fails to submit a Texas Sales Tax Exemption Certificate for a tax-exempt purchase, the agent or employee is personally responsible for payment of the sales tax.
State of Texas sales tax regulations specifically list meals as an example under "items of a personal nature." Although no definition of items of a personal nature is given in the regulations, the regulations are clear that such purchases are taxable. However, the university does not consider all meal purchases to be items of a personal nature. Business meals purchased directly by the university are not considered items of a personal nature and are therefore considered a tax-exempt purchase. Properly identifying whether a meal is an item of a personal nature or not is key to determining whether the meal should be taxable or tax-exempt. To assist employees in making such determinations, the following guidance is provided.
When business meals are purchased with a personal credit card or with cash by an agent or employee of Texas State, the meal is considered an item of a personal nature, even if the meal will be consumed in conjunction with official Texas State business. The agent or employee may not present a completed Sales Tax Exemption Certificate to the merchant to claim a sales tax exemption. Because the Texas State agent or employee is unable to avoid payment of the sales tax, the sales tax is considered a valid business expense and may be paid or reimbursed to the agent or employee at the discretion of the account manager.
When meals in conjunction with official Texas State business are purchased by an agent or employee with a purchase order, a direct payment form (e-NPO with the merchant as the vendor), or a P-card, the meal is considered to be sales tax-exempt. The agent or employee must present a completed Sales Tax Exemption Certificate to the merchant and avoid paying sales tax.
Effort should be made to purchase business meals with a purchase order, a direct payment form (e-NPO with the merchant as the vendor), or a P-card to avoid unnecessarily paying sales tax.


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Online Exhibit: The Firefighters Collection
Images from the Collection
Albany Fire Protectives - Group Portraitimages/ff-firemen.gif
The Albany Fire Protectives worked for the Albany Board of Underwriters, salvaging buildings and their contents following a fire.
Albany Fire Protectivesimages/ff-street.gif
Albany Fire Protectives in the street.
Early fire engineimages/ff-engine.gif
A rendering of the first fire engine manufactured in the U.S. (18th century) from "Ye Olde Fire Laddies" by Herbert Asbury, 1930.
"Giving Succor to the Victims of a Fire. A Scene in Engine 5's House."images/ff-succor.gif
An illustration from "Reminischences of the Old Fire laddies and Volunteer Fire Departments of New York and Brooklyn," 1885, by J. Frank Kernan.
"Let her go"images/ff-rolling-short.jpg
An illustration of a fireman pulling a hose carriage from The Story of the Volunteer Fire Department of the City of New York, by George W. Sheldon. New York, Harper & Bros, 1882.
Dr. Thomas S. Walsh, Jr. Firefighting Collection
Among the Library's firefighting resources, the single largest collection, and one of the largest in the entire state, is the Dr. Thomas S. Walsh, Jr. Firefighting Collection. A prominent Albany surgeon, Dr. Walsh pursued the study and collection of material on the history of firefighting as a hobby for more than half a century. Books, periodicals, manuscripts, photographs, equipment catalogues and ephemera represent in detail the history of firefighting technology in the United States and Great Britain, including a full record of the development of firefighting equipment and hardware from the 19th century to the present.
The books (the oldest dating back to the 1600s), journals and historic documents in this collection include:
- 19th century magazines like Harper's Weekly and Leslie's Illustrated Weekly featuring stories and pictures of famous fires;
- constitutions and by-laws of some 18th and 19th century volunteer fire companies, including the original 1793 copy of the constitution of the New York City Fire Department, complete with blackened edges from the 1911 Capitol fire;
- broadsides and musical scores about particular fires and fire departments;
- an old scrapbook with 100-year-old photos of firemen, equipment and fires;
- catalogs of the beautiful engines produced by Seagraves, American LaFrance and other manufacturers; and
- minute books and other records of companies from Buffalo to Albany.
A list of books in the New York State Library donated by Dr. Walsh.
The Dr. Thomas S. Walsh, Jr. Firefighting Collection is available for research and study in the Manuscripts and Special Collections Research Room.
The Capitol Fire
Perhaps it's no surprise that the New York State Library has such a focus on firefighting, since the Library was itself saved by firefighters from the devastation of a fire that swept through the Capitol Building in March 1911. Albany City firefighters worked through that long, grueling night and into the next day to save the building that was home to the Library. Many of the historic documents and other items in the Library's collection still bear burnt and singed edges from that night.
More images: Photos of the Capitol Fire of 1911

subset: commoncrawl


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Henry Fonda
May 16, 1905
Grand Island
Hall County
Nebraska, USA
Aug. 12, 1982
Los Angeles
Los Angeles County
California, USA
Actor. The tall, gangling Oscar-winning actor's screen career lasted from 1935 to 1981, with films such as "Young Mr. Lincoln," "Mister Roberts," "The Grapes of Wrath" and "On Golden Pond." With his distinctive Midwest twang, Fonda embodied a quiet, decent honesty in his roles. He also started a Hollywood dynasty with daughter Jane, son Peter and granddaughter Bridget.Born in Grand Island, Nebraska, Fonda majored in journalism in college, but found acting more to his liking: His early stage stints included the amateur Omaha Community Playhouse, where he met Jocelyn Brando, the mother of Hollywood icon Marlon Brando. In the late 1920s, Fonda journeyed East to join the Provinceton Players and then the University Players Guild. There, he met fellow actor Jimmy Stewart, with whom he became lifelong friends. (A staunch liberal to Stewart's conservative, Fonda and his friend kept peace by never talking politics.) Fonda appeared on Broadway and then debuted on screen in "The Farmer Takes a Wife." He began a screen partnership with director John Ford in 1939's "Young Mr. Lincoln," then "Drums Along the Mohawk" and "The Grapes of Wrath." Fonda won his first Oscar nomination for his portrayal of John Steinbeck's Tom Joad, the reluctant hero of "Grapes." The actor's next important films were Preston Sturges' comic romance "The Lady Eve" (1941) and William Wellman's "The Ox-Bow Incident" (1943). Fonda went to World War II in the Navy, and upon his return struck gold again with Ford in "My Darling Clementine" (1946), which was prominently featured in an episode of the TV comedy "M*A*S*H." Dissatisfied with Fox Pictures, Fonda abandoned Hollywood for seven years, appearing on Broadway in "Mister Roberts" and "The Caine Mutiny Court Martial." His 1955 movie return in "Mister Roberts" (1955), with James Cagney, Jack Lemmon and William Powell, was a smash hit. Fonda followed with "War and Peace" (1956), Alfred Hitchcock's "The Wrong Man" (1956), and Sidney Lumet's "Twelve Angry Men" (1957, which Fonda also produced). His work in the 1960s and 1970s included the frightening "Fail Safe," "Yours, Mine and Ours," and the 1969 Sergio Leone spaghetti Western "Once Upon a Time in the West," in which Fonda played the villain. Married five times, Fonda in 1979 starred with son Peter in "Wanda Nevada" and daughter Jane in "On Golden Pond" in 1981. The latter film also starred Katherine Hepburn. After winning an honorary Oscar the year before, Fonda won best actor for "Pond" but was too sick to attend the ceremony.
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William Brace Fonda (1879 - 1935)
Herberta Jaynes Fonda (1879 - 1934)
Margaret Sullavan (1909 - 1960)
Frances Ford Seymour (1908 - 1950)
Henry Fonda (1905 - 1982)
Harriet McNeill
Warren (1907 - 1998)
Schoentgen (1909 - 1968)
Calculated relationship
Cause of death: Heart Failure
Cremated, Ashes scattered.
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- 10" #1 Jet Black Wavy 100% Remy Human Hair [WRHWYA1001]
- 10" #2 Darkest Brown Wavy 100% Remy Human Hair [WRHWYA1002]
- 16" #4 Medium Brown Wavy 100% Remy Human Hair [WRHWYA1604]
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16" #60 Lightest Blonde 7pcs Straight Full Head Set Clip In Human Hair Extension [CHS0309]
Style: Straight
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Write Your Own Review
You're reviewing: 14" #1 Jet Black Wavy 100% Remy Human Hair [WRHWYA1401]
Weft hair extensions are applied to the scalp with clips, micro rings, glue or sewing the weft onto a braid. Which ever method you chose follow these intructions to learn how to properly apply your weft hair extensions.
Attach hair wefts with clips
Measure the desired length of the wefts and cut. Note that you should stop the wefts at least ½ inch away from your hair line for coverage.
Sew the clips on to the hair on each side of the weft. If you are dealing with a very long weft you can attach an extra clip at the center.
Attach hair wefts using microrings
Part your hair and place a microring onto the hook.
Attach the weft below the part.
Take a section of the weft and of your own hair and thread them through the microring.
Pinch the microring.
Attach hair weft using glue
Make a section in your hair where you want to attach your weft.
Cut a hair weft section to the desired length.
Apply glue to the weft and to the hair under section.
Attach the weft by pressing it firmly against your scalp.
Sew a hair weft onto a braid
Makes two horizontal sections in your hair, leaving a section of hair loose in between them.
Braid this section and secure the braid using a rubber band.
Thread the curved needle.
Sew the hair weft onto the braid.
Keep your hair and scalp clean! When sweat and dirt build up your hair tangles. Use a good quality shampoo and conditioner. Detangle your hair first from the ends to the roots before shampooing. Wash your hair gentle in a downward motion (from the roots to the ends). When you're done rinse your hair thoroughly.Condition your hair after every wash. Dry your hair gently, don't rub it with a towel but move in a downward motion from roots to ends. Gently detangle your hair.
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In order to offer premium quality items, all the hair extensions will be shipped directly from our factories to http://ca.hairextensionbuy.com/ first and then after careful checking, http://ca.hairextensionbuy.com/ will ship the item out.
Processing Time
Usually processing time may take about 2 business days. Once item is shipped out, we will send you email. For the custom make order, item needs to be produced first and then we will ship it out.
Shipping Options & Time
|Standard Shipping
|Express Shipping(FedEx/DHL)
|North America
|Canada, United States, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago
|6-10 business days
|2-4 business days
|2-3 business days (United States Only)
|1-2 business days (United States Only)
|South America
|Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
|6-10 business days
|4-5 business days
|South Africa, Zambia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, Botswana, Tanzania, Congo - Brazzaville
|6-10 business days
|4-5 business days
|Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Turkey, Croatia, LatviaUnited, Macedonia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Russia, United Kingdom
|6-10 business days
|2-4 business days
|1-2 business days (Germany, France & U.K.)
|5-7 business days (Germany Only)
|Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
|6-10 business days
|2-4 business days
|East Asia
|Japan, P.R Korea, R.Korea, Mongolia
|6-10 business days
|2-4 business days
|Southeast Asia
|Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
|6-10 business days
|2-4 business days
|West Asia
|Saudi Arabia, Jordan
|6-10 business days
|3-5 business days
Processing time is excluded in the shipping time
Total Delivery Time/Receiving Time = Processing Time + Shipping Time
Please note:
1. we cannot ship via a traceable method to any post office boxes. Delivery time cannot be guaranteed nor can the package be tracked. We encourage all deliveries be made to a physical address so packages can be tracked.
2. For the cardholder's protection, the company reserves the right to send orders to the billing address if a differing shipping address cannot be verified.
3. We are not responsible for any duties, taxes, or additional charges that may be charged by Customs for any International deliveries.
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text:
But no one's accused it of being the hub of some of the nation's cutting-edge advertising — until now.
Few folks outside the world of advertising have heard of — let alone tried to say — this mouthful: Crispin Porter + Bogusky. But this off-the-wall ad agency, which 10 years ago had fewer employees than your average chain bookshop, might be rewriting the book on advertising.
VIDEO: Burger King ad VIDEO: Ikea ad Burger King Web promo (collaboration with VML of Kansas City) Mini USA Web promo (collaboration with with Circle of Boston)
It's doing that in part by breaking Madison Avenue's cardinal rule: pushing TV commercials into the backseat and putting other marketing forms, from Web sites to point-of-sale materials to guerilla marketing, into the driver's seat. Many agencies despise CP+B because TV spots are more lucrative than print marketing, not to mention a lot more fun to do. Another example of breaking ranks: This agency lets some clients factor sales results into its fees.
"The rest of Madison Avenue is in denial," says Rance Crain, editor in chief of Advertising Age. "They think it's all smoke and mirrors and that these guys will go away. They think that since this agency is in Miami, they don't have to worry. But they do. They're for real."
Some call them trendsetters. Some call them media agnostic. Some call them troublemakers. But even 1,000-plus miles from Madison Avenue, they're being called.
"Miami is the last place on earth people think about to buy great advertising," says agency partner Jeffery Steinhour. "We've had success more by default or mistake than because of our Miami location."
Perhaps it is a case of cultural sunstroke. The agency has begun to woo major advertisers — including Burger King, which almost doubled the agency's size overnight last month by plopping its $340 million account into CP+B's lap. Then there's Virgin Atlantic, which ended its hunt for a new domestic agency after speaking with CP+B.
There's more. The agency is winning awards by the fistful, including the biggest of all, the Grand Prix for best TV spot in the world at the 2003 Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival. The award was for an Ikea ad about an old lamp left in the street. CP+B was the most awarded agency in the world in 2003, winning nine of the world's 10 top ad awards, according to the Gunn Report, which tabulates agency awards rankings.
But actions speak louder than awards. CP+B is giving headaches to the tobacco giants with an anti-smoking campaign that has helped reverse teen smoking. Smoking is down 5% among middle school and 18% among high school students since the ads began.
CP+B is luring clients to southern Florida who used to jet down only to work on tans. It might be the hottest agency to come along in decades. Even then, it's the agency of the underdog. It's got Burger King, not McDonald's. It's got BMW's Mini Cooper, not Toyota's Camry. It's got Virgin Atlantic, not British Airways. This keeps CP+B feisty.
It didn't get hot, however, by spewing out lucrative TV spots. It did so by laser-focusing on the small things — from the mint placed for buyers on Mini Cooper car seats to the Night, Night Virgin Airways book placed on business-class sleeper seats.
Some of the biggest ad agencies are throwing hissy fits. Others are impressed. "They're already in that elite group of great creative agencies," says Jeff Goodby, co-founder of Goodby Silverstein & Partners, which itself is a creative kingpin.
Clients are blown away.
Burger King CEO Brad Blum sat amazed by a seven-hour agency pitch. "They didn't even show us the first TV spot until after the third hour," he recalls. Instead, the pitch concentrated on rebranding Burger King at every entry point, from uniforms to the tray liners.
The agency plans to revive the "Have it Your Way" slogan and expand it to every facet of Burger King's operation. It even wants to get the doors at all 7,778 domestic Burger Kings to open by pushing or pulling — then tag all the doors with signs that say: "Push or Pull. Have it Your Way."
Mini Cooper credits CP+B for boosting consumer awareness of the brand from 2% to 60% on a tiny budget. The agency used stunts, such as placing the sporty cars atop Ford Expeditions and driving them cross-country.
The agency persuaded Molson to invest $1 million to revamp its bottling line so that a second, offbeat and funny label could be slapped onto the back of the beer bottle.
"They never make it easy on us," says Chris Cullen, marketing chief at The American Legacy Foundation, which airs the "Truth" anti-smoking ads. "They flex our gray matter to the limit."
Who's the man?
Behind much of that brain flexing is CP+B's reluctant superstar and creative guru: Alex Bogusky.
While Bogusky looks like heartthrob Johnny Depp, he thinks and talks more like button-downed ad legend David Ogilvy. Bogusky never graduated from college. He orders cheeseburgers for lunch. And he often arrives at work with his shirt pulled out from his faded jeans.
Bogusky keeps his office walls blank, he says, because he can't imagine staring at the same thing that would hang there for years. Hard to believe this guy might be advertising's Next Big Thing.
His goal: "To be remembered for changing the ad business," he says. Don't bet against him.
"He's got to be one of the most magnetic creative stars in the world," says Goodby, who has held that title himself, with Got Milk? and Budweiser ads.
Bogusky didn't plan it this way. He studied graphic design at a community college because his mom said that would assure him of a job. That was 20 years ago. Sixteen years ago, at 24, he joined then-tiny CP+B, the only agency he's worked for, as senior art director.
At 40, he's the creative soul. When it opened in 1965, CP+B was a tourism shop. It didn't win a national client until 1995: Shimano American, a bike parts maker.
Now, CP+B is 49% owned by agency investment network MDC Partners of Toronto. CP+B recently turned down a $100 million offer from a retailer that executives felt didn't fit the agency's culture.
Ten years ago, its annual billings were under $40 million and it had 50 employees. Its 2004 billings are expected to pass $500 million — and it has almost 200 employees. This has stretched the agency.
"All an agency has is its culture," says Bogusky. "If we were to bring in a bunch of senior people from another culture, I guarantee you, ours would go away."
Cultural clout
Call it the culture of buzz.
The agency is located in a converted multiplex theater, with the feeling of exhibition still lingering in the air. A converted grandstand in the lobby doubles as a pillow-laden conference room. And the hallways are littered with the bicycles that many employees pedal to work.
In the lobby, posters of flames dangle from the rafters — nudging employees to think Burger King, the new, and by far biggest, client.
Even so, Bogusky speaks almost fatalistically about the client. "I define success by doing what I enjoy," he says. "If I got to a situation where I didn't enjoy working with Burger King, I'd make a change. When I didn't have Burger King, I was happy. If I don't have it someday, I'll be happy."
Bogusky imagines his agency will someday operate 24/7 from its Miami location — with two or three staffs. Then it could stay in touch with foreign clients, such as Virgin, without opening more offices beyond its current lone branch in trendy Venice, Calif.
But Bogusky sometimes has trouble working on his own schedule. One Tuesday afternoon earlier this month, he returned from lunch to a panicked staff already in a conference-call meeting with American Legacy Foundation executives.
"Where've you been?" demands an anxious staffer, who'd been filling in for Bogusky. Bogusky calmly walks in and takes charge. It is, after all, the client for which the agency first made its mark.
"If any of us actually get to heaven, it will be because of the Truth campaign," says agency co-founder Chuck Porter, who hired Bogusky. The concept for the in-your-face anti-tobacco campaign was Bogusky's.
That's pretty powerful thinking for a guy who says his biggest goal two decades ago was to own a home.
Now he owns two — including a lakefront vacation home on seven acres in the Ocala National Forest. He also owns the bragging rights to being the ad world's reigning Mr. Cool.
But with those rights come risks.
"There's a lot of danger" that CP+R could lose its creative edge with a client the size of Burger King, says Goodby. Big clients tend to turn creative hot shops into ad mills.
But CP+B's 38-year-old CEO Jeff Hicks insists that won't happen. "Our most important job is to protect the culture of this place," says Hicks. "We won't take on clients who won't treat us well."
Not that in its pursuit of pushing the envelope, CP+B hasn't made some wacky suggestions that nervous clients declined. Among them:
• Creating an anti-tobacco ad — to show the addictive nature of nicotine — that was to feature a monkey injecting itself with nicotine. "You show that, and you get people so angry, they miss the message," says American Legacy Foundation's Cullen.
• Placing Ikea furniture in the middle of a major train station, unannounced, just to create a buzz. Ikea executives decided that might get them in hot water.
• Flying Virgin Airways jets 1,000 feet higher than other airlines so Virgin could use the slogan, "We fly higher." Turns out it would have taken too much fuel.
But the edgy work keeps coming.
Bogusky is known for his cosmic calm. Since winning the Burger King account, however, he's taken to wearing a Buddhist prayer bead bracelet. He fiddles with the beads to relax.
"The future of advertising is that it doesn't exist," he says — damning his own profession's dependence on the 30-second TV commercial. "The party is coming to an end for everybody."
He touches his beads. He is calm.


text:
Product Information
The brushing boot of all brushing boots: this is the ultimate day-to-day and competition brushing boot for use on all terrains and in all conditions. Wide, high density double lock straps make it ideal for deep going or on artificial surfaces. Durable and easy to use these boots offer most effective protection against brushing, knocks and abrasions.Technical features: 5.5mm breathable neoprene with nylon jersey lining for extra comfort. Hardwearing PVC striking pad with extra padding. Ergonomic design to ensure good fit to leg. Durable nylon binding. Recessed stitching for longer life. Light and flexible even when wet - does not retain water. Wide, high density double lock straps for extra secure fit."Woof boots are my only choice! Whether schooling my horses at home or at a competition, Woof Wear's extensive range provides complete protection and fantastic fit for all my horses." - Brand Champion Chris King.


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North Light Task Plus 3 Polyurethane Coated Dyneema Glove
Medium-weight cut resistant glove that offers a great compromise between mechanical protection and wearer comfort
Manufacturer: Honeywell Safety Products NFD16G/8M
Specifications Description & Specifications
|Medium weight
|Level 1
|sheet Metal fabrication, machine shops, Glass industry, automotive and other assembly work
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Alternative syntax for prepend attribute:
We are currently creating a WooCommerce shop with 4,000 products and 22 global attributes. We plan to do daily uploads so are preparing a script to extract the stock data from the main retail POS system and format it for WooCommerce upload via this plugin
Is there any way around prepending the attribute fields with 'attribute:' as our software language wont allow colons in name fields as that format is reserved for physical drive name eg "C:" or "D:". So when we go to create the table we are effectively saying all these fields need to come from a drive named "attribute" which obviously doesn't exist.
It will be cumbersome to manually map 23 attributes each day and we'd like to avoid this if possible.
Is there a way to change the prepend to a hyphen? eg. attribute-pa_color
- The topic 'Alternative syntax for prepend attribute:' is closed to new replies.


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The World's Greatest Air Filter?
Reviewed By Brian C (Fishers, IN) Reviewed for a 1999 Mitsubishi Eclipse —5/14/2007 9:51 PM
I initially chose Green for their dominance in the World Rally Championship. Improvements in acceleration and gas mileage were immediately noticeable. The engine doesn't stutter or gasp for air anymore and runs smoother at all RPMs. It's incredible value for money considering it increases fuel economy, lasts a lifetime (warranted), and filters well. If you want the best, Green or BMC is the only way to go but don't expect them to perform miracles.


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Recycled iPod Case
I really can't think of anything bad about this iPod case. I mean, it holds your iPod and keeps it safe from all the little scratches and dents caused by everyday life, it comes in two cute colours (green and pink) and best of all, it is made from recycled plastic, cardboard and paper board. Because music and saving the world should go hand-in-hand.
so pretty sure the boyfriend would DEF get a kick outta this one. Just sayin...not too mention, I'm actually quite fascinated by how it looks. hehe.
Attention whore? Wear this inside a club, and count the double takes you'll get.
Tastefully inappropriate, sure to earn a laugh or two...hopefully won't get you fired.Added 9 Years Ago from Urban Outfitters


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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
We investigated SiC-based hydrogen gas sensors with metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure for high temperature process monitoring and leak detection applications in fields such as the automotive, chemical and petroleum industries. In this work, a thin tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) layer was exploited with the purpose of sensitivity improvement, because tantalum oxide has good stability at high temperature with high permeability for hydrogen gas. Silicon carbide (SiC) was used as a substrate for high-temperature applications. We fabricated Pd/Ta2O5/SiC-based hydrogen gas sensors, and the dependence of their I-V characteristics and capacitance response properties on hydrogen concentrations were analyzed in the temperature range from room temperature to 500 °C. According to the results, our sensor shows promising performance for hydrogen gas detection at high temperatures.
There are many structures that can be employed for gas sensing applications, for example, metal oxides, conductive polymers, nano-structure and porous semiconductors [
Today, hydrogen has many important applications, such as its use in the processes of many industries, including chemicals, petroleum, food and semiconductors. Furthermore, the negative environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels, coupled with rising oil prices, have led to renewed interest in clean energy technologies, especially those involving hydrogen, but there are some obstacles related to safety that must be overcome to realize the potential of hydrogen as a fuel source. By nature, hydrogen is explosive, and its low mass and high diffusivity makes it difficult to store. If hydrogen flows into the air from a tank or valve, it will pose a hazard. Therefore, it is of great importance to detect hydrogen leakages at levels below the lower explosive limit of a 4% volume ratio of hydrogen to air. Hydrogen is also a major cause of corrosion. This happens when hydrogen atoms penetrate into steel and other metals and deteriorate the metals internally. This effect is especially pronounced at elevated temperature. Currently, hydrogen gas sensors are in wide demand as essential components in industries such as glass, chemical and petroleum industries that require storage tanks and refining processes, where the leakage of hydrogen is unavoidable. Besides, hydrogen sensors have been required for direct monitoring of the processes such as automotive exhaust parts, where temperatures may exceed 500 °C, but there are few of devices capable of operating at this high temperature. Hence, investigations on devices as well as materials and sensing structures capable of withstanding such conditions are needed.
Silicon has been the most widely used material as a substrate for semiconductor devices. However, due to its narrow bandgap, the maximum operating temperature of Si is limited to below 250 °C, which restricts its use in specific high-temperature environments. Alternatively, silicon carbide (SiC) has emerged as the leading candidate substrate for high-temperature operation. Its wide band gap, chemical inertness and stability have made it more ideal for high-temperature applications. As a result, SiC has been now in the forefront of wide bandgap semiconductor research such as high-power devices [
Until now, metal-oxide hydrogen sensors [
To fabricate capacitive-type hydrogen sensors with MIS structure, we used 4H-SiC wafers as substrates. Electronic devices fabricated on 4H-SiC substrates have shown promise due to the greater availability and quality of reproducible single-crystal wafers, compared to other polytypes of SiC substrates. In addition, the wide band gap of 4H-SiC provides an advantage of dramatically reducing the number of electron-hole pairs formed from thermal activation across the band gap, which allows the high-temperature operation of electronic devices, including sensors.
After cleaning the samples, a tantalum (Ta) target was sputtered on 1 cm2 SiC substrates for 2 min with 300 W of power. The tantalum was oxidized by rapid thermal processing (RTP) at 500 °C for 3 min in an atmosphere containing oxygen. Under the controlled oxidation conditions, the thermally grown tantalum oxide was found to be very reproducible and very stable chemically. After the oxidation, Ni was deposited as a back-side electrode by sputtering for 20 min with 300 W of power, followed by RTP at 950 °C for 1 min to stabilize the Ni electrode. Next, palladium (Pd) was deposited on the Ta2O5 tin film with a shadow mask. The choice of catalytic metals (in this case Pd) depends on the nature of the gas to be detected. In this work, a Pd metal electrode is used as a catalyst for the chemisorption of hydrogen on the surface, because it has been known that Pd has very high solubility for hydrogen, and that the diffusion of hydrogen through Pd is very fast. The adsorption of hydrogen in a metal depends on the temperature and hydrogen concentration.
Electrical measurements for sensors were carried out with a semiconductor device analyzer and an LCR meter. The sensors were measured in a chamber in which the temperature can be controlled from 150 to 700 °C. The chamber was composed of a quartz tube of 75 mm diameter with a cooling system. Hydrogen gas was injected through a hydrogen MFC (mass flow controller). Hydrogen concentrations in a chamber were varied up to 2,000 ppm in temperatures ranging from room temperature to 500 °C. The sensors were flushed with clean nitrogen gas before exposure to hydrogen gas.
Our hydrogen sensor was fabricated into an SiC-based MIS capacitor composed of a thin Ta2O5 dielectric layer of 120 nm thickness and a Pd electrode of 160 nm thickness, as shown in the SEM image in
A MIS-capacitor sensor is a simple device with a catalytic metal electrode that is very sensitive to low gas concentrations, and it has a compact structure that can be economically mass-produced via microelectronic fabrication techniques. Such devices are attractive due to their chemical specificity and high sensitivity to specific gases. They can operate even at elevated temperature with high degrees of sensitivity and selectivity.
The thickness of the sandwiching dielectric layer in devices determines whether the behavior of a device is diode-type or capacitor-type. For a capacitor-type response, the dielectric layer must be a good insulator, and capable of providing a huge tunneling barrier for the carriers. Generally, devices that have a dielectric layer of 100 nm thickness may be grouped as either MIS capacitors or Schottky diodes according to their working principle and applied voltage.
In general, a Schottky barrier is a metal-semiconductor contact with a large barrier height. The potential barrier between the metal and the semiconductor can be identified on an energy band diagram. The energy band diagram of Pd-metal and SiC-semiconductor under the same vacuum level is given as shown in
In our MIS capacitor, the total capacitance is given by the series addition of the oxide and semiconductor capacitance, COX and CS, respectively:
For harsh-environment applications, the operating temperature of sensors should be at least higher than 250 °C.
There has been substantial study on the application of different dielectric layers in fabricating gas sensors, as sensing of different gases can be controlled by appropriate selection of the oxide layer. In this work, a tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) layer with high permeability for hydrogen gas was investigated to detect hydrogen gas in the atmosphere, and a SiC substrate was used for high-temperature applications at more than 300 °C. We fabricated Pd/Ta2O5/SiC-based MIS devices, and measured both I-V curves and the variation of capacitance for exposure to different hydrogen concentrations as a function of temperature ranging from room temperature to 500 °C. In the I-V measurement, the sensor showed rectifying properties as expected. In the capacitance measurement, the maximum variation of capacitance was observed at 500 °C, where the average capacitance variation rate was observed to be about 4 percent per 1,000 ppm hydrogen concentration. In conclusion, our sensor exploiting a Ta2O5 dielectric layer showed possibilities with regard to use in hydrogen gas sensors for high-temperature applications.
This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MEST) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) through the Human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Schematic diagram of the hydrogen sensor.
A set of equipment for testing hydrogen sensors.
SEM image of the sensor.
I-V curve observed at room temperature.
Energy band diagram for isolated Pd-metal and n-type SiC-semiconductor structure.
Dependence of capacitance on hydrogen concentrations as a function of temperature.
Dependence of capacitance on hydrogen concentrations as a function of temperature.


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Well, that´s i know this could sound like the most stupid question, but may be not…
I don´t watch tv and i don´t have tv. And i´m not going to have one never again. I decided that around 6 years now, and i´m very well i must say!!
No tv…
TV's the biggest distraction ever…
Haven't owned a TV in a few years and I don't care to. As far as watching "TV", I watch stuff on Hulu, which is the same just via different source.
I don't watch tv either. I download a show on my computer occasionally but otherwise I agree: total waste of time and distraction.
My ISP provides several TV channels, so I watch the news from time to time.
I watch it at least 3 hours everyday after reaching home. My favorite shows are on Discovery and National Geographic.
I don't watch tv too, but I own one. It is sitting in the corner and once in a two-three weeks during the sat-sun breakfast we are using it like a jukebox
My favorite shows are on Discovery and National Geographic.
If you like Man vs Wild (Ultimate Survival), check out this.
If there was television channel that's 100% dedicated to web design, web development and technologies. I would watch more television.
I watch drama, mostly from Hong Kong and Taiwan. I do followed some old series from US such as friends, CSI and numbers.
100% agree, TV is the biggest distraction


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Published: December 31, 2007 at 3:27 PMFWIW, I think that the number one *non story*, year after year is a close battle between "Disney's buying land near our town for a new Disneyland" and "Six Flags is building a park in Florida."
The reality? Disney's not going to cannibalize its multibillion-dollar investments in Anaheim and Central Florida, and Six Flags hasn't built a theme park since the 1970s.
Published: December 31, 2007 at 3:50 PM(Sigh) As usual nothing British comes up...
But anyway, it's been a good year for theme parks and I've unbiasedly voted for the 'Harry Potter Land' announcemant.
Published: January 1, 2008 at 7:43 AMI guess for me it is the Aquatica announcement. I am eager to see what it is like and hope it is the upscale attraction they promised. As a local, Wet and Wild is not a great option. Lots of slides, but the atmosphere is not what I want. I love both Disney waterparks, but they can get super crowded in the summer, so another choice is good.
Will this mark the end of Wet and Wild? That talk has been buzzing around these parts for a while.
Published: January 1, 2008 at 8:55 AMFor me the biggest story was the girl getting hurt at SFKK.
Published: January 1, 2008 at 5:46 PMI, too, had to vote for the girl who lost her feet. For me it was because I love rides and this story made me think. I don't ever go on a ride really thinking that something bad will happen. It's something you joke about to scare the people with you, but don't believe. Feeling safe on a ride is what lets you really have fun.
Published: January 2, 2008 at 4:50 AMThe sad part is it wasnt Six Flags that caused it. As stated it was poor ride design buy Itmann. As far as Goverment saftey guild lines. I feel all states should have a Amusmentpark Saftey Dept. And all parks, inculding Disney should have to submit to inspections by the state...This has been in place in New Jersey for years, And works well Great Adventure has one of the best historys in the industry because of it.
Published: January 2, 2008 at 1:39 PMI think the biggest theme park story of 2007 is missing from your list. That story being the unnecessary closing of Geauga Lake by Cedar Fair. While Cedar Fair may have had many business reasons to justify their decision, the fact that Parques Reunidos would buy Kennywooed and its family of parks proves that under the right ownership Geauga Lake could have flouished. The closing of this great regional park (and its next door neighbor, Sea World, earlier in the decade) is a terrible loss for the Cleveland/Akron metro area but should cause all theme park fans sadness. Geauga Lake is the biggest story of 2007!


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First of all lis-stu is the conduit for "official" messages and announcements from the program. Since it's the
primary channel for information to students we need to ensure that when a message appears, it is read because
things from lis-stu are likely to be of immediate importance ... things like when to register, how to tell us
that you're ready to graduate, class cancellations ... stuff like that. To have that urgency, lis-stu has to be
a low-volume list.
As an example, if you are the representative from the program to some committee of the College of Natural
Sciences, it is entirely proper for you to post the minutes of that meeting. But if you read them and want to
comment on what went on, lis-stu isn't the right place. Nor is it the right place to say that you're looking for
a car, or having a party for your schnauzer's birthday.
Please help us in making sure that everyone gets the important stuff by refraining from posting personal or
general messages.
See RFC1855: Netiquette Guidelines for general information
about online communications.
to top of page
Comments to: email@example.com


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This page walks through the implementation of an easy-to-use C++ wrapper over the OpenSSL crypto library. The idea is to go through the OpenSSL documentation once, make the right choices from a cryptographic point of view, and then, hide all the complexity behind a reusable header. The following primitives are typically used in the applications I write:
The wrapper is a single header file that can be included wherever these primitives are needed. It includes OpenSSL and Boost headers and will require linking with the OpenSSL object libraries. Here is a sample and here are the tests.
Most of the wrapper functions work on blocks of data and we need a way to pass these in and out of
the wrapper routines. Any C++ container that guarantees contiguous storage (i.e.
boost::array or a raw char array) can be passed as the argument to
any wrapper function that takes a data buffer as a parameter.
Having said that, it is best to avoid using dynamic STL containers for storing sensitive data
because it is diffcult to scrub them off once we're done using the secrets. The implementations of
these containers are allowed to reallocate and copy their contents in the memory and may end up with
inaccessible copies of sensitive data that we can't overwrite. Simpler containers like
boost::array or raw char arrays are better for this purpose. You can also use the following typedef:
namespace ajd { namespace crypto {
/// A convenience typedef for a 128 bit block.
typedef boost::array<unsigned char, 16> block;
/// Remove sensitive data from the buffer
template<typename C> void cleanse(C &c)
The wrapper also provides a
cleanse method that can be used to overwrite secret data in the
buffers. This method does not deallocate any memory, it only overwrites the contents of the passed
buffer by invoking
OPENSSL_cleanse on it.
OpenSSL provides a simple interface around the underlying operating system PRNG. This is exposed by the wrapper using the following two functions:
/// Checks if the PRNG is sufficiently seeded
bool prng_ok();
/// Fills the passed container with random bytes.
template<typename C> void fill_random(C &c);
prng_ok checks if the PRNG has been seeded sufficiently and
fill_random routine fills any
mutable container with random bytes. In the exceptional situation that
prng_ok returns false you
must use use the OpenSSL seed routines
RAND_seed and
RAND_add directly to add entropy to the
underlying PRNG.
Here's how you can use them:
void random_generation()
assert(crypto::prng_ok()); // check PRNG state
crypto::block buffer; // use the convenience typedef
crypto::fill_random(buffer); // fill it with random bytes
unsigned char arr[1024]; // use a static POD array
crypto::fill_random(arr); // fill it with random bytes
std::vector<unsigned char> vec(16); // use a std::vector
crypto::fill_random(vec); // fill it with random bytes
Symmetric ciphers require secure keys and one way to generate them is using the
routine seen above. More commonly however, we'd want to derive the key bits from a user provided
password. The standard way to do this is using the PBKDF2 algorithm which derives the key
bits by iterating over a pseudo random function with the password and a salt as inputs. The wrapper
sets HMAC-SHA-256 as the chosen pseudo random function and uses a default iteration count of 10000.
/// Derive a key using PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA-256
template <typename C1, typename C2, typename C3>
void derive_key(C3 &key, const C1 &passwd, const C2 &salt, int c = 10000)
The salt can be any public value that will be persisted between application runs. Repeated invocations of this key derivation routine with the same password and salt value produce the same key bits. This saves us from the hassle of securely storing the secret key assuming that the application can interact with a human user and prompt for the password.
Here's a sample invocation of the key derivation routine:
void key_generation()
crypto::block key; // 128 bit key
crypto::block salt; // 128 bit salt
crypto::fill_random(salt); // random salt
crypto::derive_key(key, "password", salt); // password derived key
crypto::cleanse(key) // clear sensitive data
Cryptographic hashes are compression functions that digest an arbitrary sized message into a small fingerprint that uniquely represents it. Although they are the building blocks for implementing integrity checks, a hash, by itself, cannot guarantee integrity. An adversary capable of modifying the message is also capable of recomputing the hash of the modified message to send along. For an additional guarantee on the origin we need a stronger primitive which is the message authentication code (MAC). A MAC is a keyed-hash, i.e. a hash that can only be generated by those who posses an assumed shared key. The assumption of secrecy of the key limits the possible origins and thus provides us the guarantee that an adversary couldn't have generated it.
MD5 should not be used and SHA-1 hashes are considered weak and unsuitable for all new applications. The wrapper uses SHA-256 for generating plain digests and HMAC with SHA-256 for MACs.
/// Generates a keyed or a plain cryptographic hash.
class hash: boost::noncopyable
/// A convenience typedef for a 256 SHA-256 value.
typedef boost::array<unsigned char, 32> value;
/// The plain hash constructor (for message digests).
/// The keyed hash constructor (for MACs)
template<typename C> hash(const C &key);
/// Include the contents of the passed container for hashing.
template <typename C> hash &update(const C &data);
/// Get the resultant hash value.
template<typename C> void finalize(C &sha);
/// ... details ...
The default constructor of the class initializes the instance for message digests. The other
constructor takes a key as input and initializes the instance for message authentication codes. Once
initialized, the data to be hashed can be added by invoking the
update method (multiple times, if
required). The resulting hash or MAC is a SHA-256 hash (a 256 bit value) that can be extracted using
finalize method. The shorthand typedef
hash::value can be used to hold the result. The
finalize method also reinitializes the underlying hash context and resets the instance for a fresh
hash computation.
Here's how you can use the class:
void message_digest()
crypto::hash md; // the hash object
crypto::hash::value sha; // the hash value
md.update("hello world!"); // add data
md.update("see you world!"); // add more data
md.finalize(sha); // get digest value
void message_authentication_code()
crypto::block key; // the hash key
crypto::fill_random(key); // random key will do (for now)
crypto::hash h(key); // the keyed-hash object
crypto::hash::value mac; // the mac value
h.update("hello world!"); // add data
h.update("see you world!"); // more data
h.finalize(mac); // get the MAC code
crypto::cleanse(key) // clean senstive data
Encryption guarantees confidentiality and authenticated encryption extends that guarantee to guard against tampering of encrypted data. Operation modes like CBC or CTR cannot detect modifications to the ciphertext and decrypt tweaked data as they would decrypt any other ciphertext. An adversary can use this fact to make calibrated modifications to the ciphertext and end up with the desired plaintext in the decrypted data. The recommended way to guard against such attacks is to use an authenticated encryption mode like the Galois Counter Mode (GCM).
Authenticated encryption schemes differ from the simpler schemes in that they produce an extra output along with the cipher text. This extra output is an authentication tag that is required as an input at the time of decryption where it is used to detect modifications in the ciphertext.
Another feature of authenticated encryption is their support for associated data. Network protocol messages include data (ex: header fields in packets) that doesn't need to be encrypted but must be guarded against modifications in transit. Authenticated encryption schemes allow the addition of such data into the tag computation. So while the adversary can view this data in transit, it cannot be modified without the decryption routine noticing it.
The following class provides authenticated encryption with associated data:
/// Provides authenticated encryption (AES-128-GCM)
class cipher : boost::noncopyable
/// Encryption mode constructor.
template<typename K, typename I>
cipher(const K &key, const I &iv);
/// Decryption mode constructor.
template<typename K, typename I, typename S>
cipher(const K &key, const I &iv, S &seal);
/// The cipher transformation.
template<typename I, typename O>
cipher &transform(const I &input, O &output);
/// Adds associated authenticated data.
template<typename A> cipher &associate_data(const A &aad);
/// The encryption finalization routine.
template<typename S> void seal(S &seal);
/// The decryption finalization routine (throws if the ciphertext is corrupt)
void verify();
/// ... details ...
crypto::cipher class has two constructors. The 2 argument variant takes a key and an
initialization vector (128 bits each) and initializes the instance for encryption. Plaintext can be
transformed into ciphertext using the
transform method. The GCM mode does not use any padding so
the output ciphertext buffer must be as big as the input plaintext buffer. If there's any associated
data that needs to be sent along with the ciphertext it can be added using the
method. Note that the OpenSSL implementation of GCM requires that associated data is added before
the plaintext is added (i.e. all calls to
associate_data must precede all calls to
Once all the data has been added, the
seal method must be invoked to obtain the authentication tag
(128 bits) and it must be sent along with the ciphertext.
The 3 argument constructor takes a key, an IV and the encryption seal as inputs and initializes the
instance for decryption. Ciphertext can then be transformed to plaintext using the
method (after adding any associated data using the
associate_data method). Before using the
plaintext, the
verify method must be invoked to detect any tampering in the ciphertext or
associated data. If all is well the method silently returns, however if the seal does not match the
expected tag value, an exception is raised and the decrypted plaintext must be rejected.
The following sample shows the usage:
void authenticated_encrypt_decrypt()
crypto::block iv; // initialization vector
crypto::block key; // encryption key
crypto::block seal; // container for the seal
crypto::fill_random(iv); // random initialization vector
crypto::fill_random(key); // random key will do (for now)
unsigned char date[] = {14, 1, 13}; // associated data
std::string text("can you keep a secret?"); // message (plain-text)
std::vector<unsigned char> ciphertext(text.size());
crypto::cipher cipher(key, iv); // initialize cipher (encrypt mode)
cipher.associate_data(date); // add associated data first
cipher.transform(text, ciphertext); // do transform (i.e. encrypt)
cipher.seal(seal); // get the encryption seal
std::vector<unsigned char> decrypted(ciphertext.size());
crypto::cipher cipher(key, iv, seal); // initialize cipher (decrypt mode)
cipher.associate_data(date); // add associated data first
cipher.transform(ciphertext, decrypted); // do transform (i.e. decrypt)
cipher.verify(); // check the seal
crypto::cleanse(key) // clear senstive data
That completes the list of primitives we started off with. There's more to be done, in particular, some for primitives that use public key cryptography, but I'll leave that for some other day.


text: Events Upcoming health technology related events in the industry HIT Consultant acknowledges the support of its media partners. Please standby for instructions regarding 2015 events. Thanks! Featured Media Partner Events Thought you might find this interestingYour NameYour EmailRecipient EmailEnter a MessageI read this article and found it very interesting, thought it might be something for you. The article is called Eventsand is located athttp://hitconsultant.net/events/.CaptchaSubmit


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These are some really great graphic icons. Sharp colors
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2 thoughts on "10 Free High Quality Christmas Vectors"
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text:
Name: Andrea
Hometown: Lake Village
Major: Accounting
Grad Year: 2016
Why attend MU: Small and frinedly campus
Favorite thing: It's a great place to attend and there are many activities offered to have fun.
Never expected: Dance in foam.
I found: friends. I have made many friends since I have been here.


text:
Human heart beats on its own outside body
PITTSBURGH (AP) A human heart was kept beating on
its own outside a body Saturday during a test of a new medical device intended
to aid in organ transplants.
Doctors at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
used the heart from an 80-year-old man to show how the Portable Organ Preservation
System works. The machine had already been tested using a human kidney and animal
"What we have in our hands today is a technology which
allows the organ to be removed from the body and allows it to function," said
Robert Kormos, director of the center's thoracic transplantation and artificial
heart program.
Doctors say the technology could give surgeons more time
to get potential recipients to a hospital where an organ can be transplanted,
and more time to test for organ matches.
Organs are chilled after being removed from the donor,
a process in which deterioration begins immediately. A heart can last about
six hours after being removed.
The machine, which was developed by TransMedics Inc. of
Woburn, Mass., pushes warm blood into the organ, keeping it functioning.
The heart used in Saturday's demonstration was deemed unsuitable
for transplant. Doctors would not release any information about the donor or
how he died. They planned to keep the heart connected to the machine for 24
The first human organ to be connected to the machine was
a kidney, which was kept functioning for almost 24 hours in a test this summer
at the University of Chicago.
Waleed Hassanein, president and chief executive of TransMedics,
said the company will submit its trials to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
in the fall and hopes to market its machine by the end of next year.


text:
You are here:
Sectional Navigation
The Academy During Wartime
In October of 1941, the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology had its 45th Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois. During that meeting, the Academy had much to celebrate- membership had grown to a record 3,000 physicians and the Academy had launched a new innovation- the Home Study Course. Dr. Harry Gradle spent two years obtaining approval for his idea from hospitals, medical schools, the American Board of Ophthalmology and the American College of Surgeons. In its inaugural year, the Home Study Course drew in 301 physicians and residents, many more than had been expected.
In contrast, the Academy meeting one year later was an entirely different matter. In the fall of 1942 America was at war after the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Academy was beginning to see its members join the war effort. The Academy was also in mourning after the loss of its Executive Secretary-Treasurer (the equivalent of today's Executive Vice President), Dr. William P. Wherry. Following his death, an ophthalmologist named Dr. William L. Benedict took the helm of the Academy. Because there were only two permanent staff members at the time, the Academy's office was moved from Omaha to Dr. Benedict's home town of Rochester, Minnesota where it would remain until 1979.
During the war years, the Academy kept up its activities but accommodated the doctors, now turned soldiers, with reduced fees. In 1945, when travel became too difficult, the Academy canceled its Annual Meeting- the only time it has done so in over 100 years of service.


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"Can't Beat This" Knit Top (Blush)
$ 19.00
Our "Can't Beat This" Knit Top is low key perfection! It's short sleeves, rounded hemline and an accent neck line will definitely put a smile on your face! A classic tee with a fresh, and unique touch.
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Size Suggestion: S(2/4) M(6/8) L(10/12)
Model is 5'10, wearing a small.
Available in 7 colors.


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Castelli Mortirolo Due Jacket - Mens - Road Bike Shop
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Zuccolo Rochet Bijoux Jewelry men's gold, steel and rubber bracelet
Unique bracelet for men in fine stainless steel with black rubber inlays and gold plating. The contrast of brushed steel with the rubber and gold makes this gent's bracelet a very fashionable piece of jewellery.
Type: Mens bracelet made from Stainless steel and Rubber (EPDM) Length: 21 cm Width: 1,4 cmTags: mens, jewelry, stainless steel, men's jewelry, Versace, stainless steel jewelry, OnlineShop, rubber jewelryAdded 9 Years Ago from Desir


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Philip Levine
Philip Levine (January 10, 1928 / Detroit, Michigan)
» Click to list general statistics » OR, select a date :
Animals Are Passing From Our Lives
It's wonderful how I jog
on four honed-down ivory toes
my massive buttocks slipping
like oiled parts with each light step.
read more >>
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Mark, > This would only seem to work for trivial functions. Most functions that > I write are themselves dependent on underlying tables, and without any > idea how many rows are in the tables, and without any idea of the > statistical distribution of those rows, I can't really say anything like > "average rows returned = 5". > > What I have wanted for some time is a function pairing system. For each > set returning function F() I create, I would have the option of creating > a statistics function S() which returns a single integer which > represents the guess of how many rows will be returned. S() would be > called by the planner, and the return value of S() would be used to > decide the plan. S() would need access to the table statistics > information. I imagine that the system would want to prevent S() from > running queries, and only allow it to call certain defined table > statistics functions and some internal math functions, thereby avoiding > any infinite recursion in the planner. (If S() ran any queries, those > queries would go yet again to the planner, and on down the infinite > recursion you might go.) > > Of course, some (possibly most) people could chose not to write an S() > for their F(), and the default of 1000 rows would continue to be used. > As such, this new extension to the system would be backwards compatible > to functions which don't have an S() defined. I think this is a fine idea, and I think I endorsed it the first time. However, even a static "function returns #" would be better than what we have now, and I think the S() method could take quite a bit of engineering to work out (for example, what if F() is being called in a JOIN or correlated subquery?). So I'm worried that shooting for the S() idea only could result in us not doing *anything* for several more versions. What I'd like to do is implement the constant method for 8.2, and work on doing the S() method later on. Does that make sense? -- --Josh Josh Berkus Aglio Database Solutions San Francisco
Next: From: Mark Dilger Date: 2006-02-03 19:08:22 Subject: Re: Passing arguments to views Previous: From: Mark Dilger Date: 2006-02-03 19:00:06 Subject: Re: Passing arguments to views


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At the recent Western Governor's Association conference in Park City, Interior Secretary Sally Jewell talked at length about what drives the West's economy.
I was pleased to hear her talk about outdoor recreation as a key economic driver for the West and the importance of balancing development with conservation to secure recreational opportunities.
As someone who has dedicated much of my career to protecting and expanding climbing opportunities, this message struck a chord with me. The economic impacts of outdoor recreation are huge generating $646 billion in spending every year and 6.1 million jobs, according to the Outdoor Industry Association.
Outdoor recreation and especially active sports such as climbing or mountain biking also present a great opportunity to engage younger generations in the great outdoors.
But as impressive as the industry is and as much promise as it shows for engaging younger Americans, it is essential that leaders like Jewell continue to advocate for policies that advance conservation of these recreational opportunities and our public lands. Some places are too special to drill or develop.
Seeing conservation and recreation as equally important to development will help to ensure these recreational opportunities are here for generations to come.
Brady RobinsonExecutive director, Access Fund
Boulder, Colo.


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Press Release: IMF Executive Board Completes Fourth Review Under Stand-By Arrangement for Kosovo; Approves €4.9 Million Disbursement
July 15, 2013Press Release No. 13/259
July 15, 2013
The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) today completed the fourth review of the Republic of Kosovo's economic performance under a program supported by a Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). The decision enables the authorities to draw an additional amount equivalent to SDR 4.251 million (about €4.9 million, or US$6.4 million), bringing the total resources available to Kosovo under the arrangement to SDR 86.718 million (about €99.9 million, or US$130 million). The authorities have indicated they will not purchase the amount made available by the completion of this review, in line with their intention to treat the SBA as precautionary in 2013.
The Executive Board approved a 20-month SBA for Kosovo on April 27, 2012 (see Press Release No. 12/154) in an amount equivalent to SDR 90.968 million (about €104.8 million or US$136.3 million). Total disbursements so far amount to SDR 78.216 million (about €90.1 million or US$117.2 million).
Following the Executive Board's discussion on Kosovo, Ms. Nemat Shafik, Deputy Managing Director and Acting Chair, stated:
"Kosovo's economy has displayed resilience despite headwinds from the global financial crisis, owing to sound policies under the Fund-supported program and robust remittances and foreign direct investment from the Diaspora. Looking ahead, it will be important to reduce the dependence on such flows and develop a tradable sector that will support self-sustained growth.
"Important steps have been taken to build a more competitive economy. Continued decisive efforts to further strengthen the business climate, investments in public infrastructure, and steps to normalize cross-country relations in the region will be essential to enhance competitiveness and support growth. This strategy would also benefit from stronger education and training policies.
"The authorities have restored a sustainable fiscal stance in the past two years. A rules-based fiscal framework will anchor fiscal policy from 2014. The framework needs to be complemented by sound fiscal practices, especially the careful preparation and costing of spending initiatives. Kosovo's reliance on indirect taxes is appropriate given the transfer-dependent structure of the economy. The revenue structure will need to adjust, however, as trade integration advances and as the growth model shifts from dependence on transfers to domestic production. The government's bank balance with the central bank is a critical prudential buffer and needs to be guarded carefully.
"The banking system has grown rapidly in the past decade, but further progress will require the strengthening of institutions, in particular faster contract enforcement by the judicial system. At the same time, the banking system has remained stable, with adequate capital buffers, modest non-performing loans, and high liquid reserves. Vulnerabilities could be reduced further by comprehensive risk-based supervision, the development of a macro-prudential policy framework, and a permanent funding mechanism for the special reserve fund for emergency liquidity assistance," she stated.
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JARRYD Hayne appears set to inherit NSW's No. 1 jumper but the Blues' preparations for next Wednesday's must-win origin game are already in disarray.
While the selectors will name their side tonight for game two against Queensland, the make-up of the team could be days away from being finalised.
Hayne, back-rower Luke Lewis and prop Brett White all face charges from the NRL match review committee.
And there are concerns over second-rower Anthony Watmough, who limped off with a groin injury in Manly's loss to Brisbane yesterday.
However, Watmough's teammate, Jamie Lyon, added to the uncertainty by declaring he might yet overcome an ankle injury in time to face the Maroons at Suncorp Stadium.
Of most concern to Blues selectors is a potential striking charge against Hayne, following a headbutt on Melbourne's Billy Slater last Friday night. With a loading for prior offences, he faces a ban of at least one week.
Queensland custodian Slater is also in danger of missing the game after he retaliated with an elbow to the back of Hayne's head moments after the headbutt.
Blues selectors will ignore the prospect of a ban and shift Hayne from the wing to fullback, with the Parramatta star to then throw himself at the mercy of the judiciary panel on Wednesday night.
Hayne's availability will have massive ramifications for the Blues' formation, with skipper Kurt Gidley to be shifted to the halves alongside the recalled Trent Barrett to accommodate the reigning Dally M player of the year.
All those plans will go out the window if Hayne is found guilty, with Gidley having to resume full-back duties and Roosters playmaker Mitchell Pearce winning a second NSW cap at half-back.
The battle for centre positions became more confused yesterday when Lyon said he would visit a specialist today in a bid to be given the all-clear, while incumbent Matt Cooper gave his hopes a boost with two tries in St George Illawarra's win over the Warriors.
The make-up of the forward pack is no more settled either, with Lewis' lifting tackle on Newcastle hooker Matt Hilder likely to lead to a charge, as could White's late hit on Fuifui Moimoi in the spiteful grand final rematch.
Their availability will not affect Paul Gallen's chances of earning a recall.
It is understood the Cronulla lock's name has already been pencilled in by selectors keen to add starch to the pack after a lacklustre performance in game one.


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Thank goodness for apple season! I'm super bummed I didn't get to go apple picking this year. In fact I've never gone apple picking, but I was really pumped to go this year. Unfortunately lots of the orchards in southern California ran out of apples early this season! Thankfully there are plenty of locally grown apples to be had at the farmers market. My new favorite is the sweet tango, but my old favorite the honey crisp is back in season.
If you can't tell I've been on a little bit of an apple dessert kick. Now I just need to develop an apple-pumpkin dessert, and I'd have my two favorite fall sweets in one. Funny story about this recipe. I'd planned to make it one night but forgot to put the coconut milk in the fridge. I figured I'd pop it into the freezer for a couple hours, and I'd be good to go. Well time got away from me, and I didn't make the dessert that night. I also forgot to take the coconut milk out of the freezer. Opps. So the next day I attempted to make the dessert again. Halfway through cooking my apples, I finally remember the coconut milk was in the freezer and pulled it out. As you can guess it was rock solid, and not being made into coconut whipped cream any time soon. In a rush to still complete the dessert, I simply whipped up room temperature coconut milk. The moral of this story is your coconut cream should turn out fluffy and delicious. Not quite how mine is pictured! Serves 4.
PS: Rock Chalk Jayhawk!!
PS: Rock Chalk Jayhawk!!
Fried Apples
1 1/2 tsp coconut oil
2 granny smith apples, peeled and diced
1 honey crisp apple, peeled and diced
1/4 cup honey
1/4 cup coconut sugar
3/4 tsp nutmeg
1/2 tsp cinnamon
Whiskey Caramel
2 tbls apple cider
1/2 tbls rye whiskey
1/4 cup coconut sugar
1/2 cup coconut milk
Coconut Cream
1 can full fat coconut milk, refrigerated overnight
1 tsp coconut sugar
Melt coconut oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add in apples, honey, sugar and spices. Stir and coat. Reduce heat to medium-low. Cook for 20-25 minutes, stirring occasionally.
While the apples cook, prepare your caramel. In a small sauce pot, heat cider, whiskey and sugar over medium heat. Bring to a simmer. Slowly pour in coconut milk while whisking. Return to a simmer. Cook for 10 minutes stirring constantly.
Scoop cream off the top of coconut milk can. Save coconut water for later use in smoothies! Using an electric mixer, whip coconut cream for 5 minutes. Add in the sugar and whip for 5 more minutes.
Place apples in bottom of four 4oz mason jars, drizzle caramel and top with coconut cream. Serve and eat immediately.
Recipe adapted from here.
x vanessa


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Some suggestions for demands of the Occupy Wall street movement.
1) The enforcement of anti-monopoly laws. Regarding but not limited to ISP's, phone companies, transportation, insurance, energy etc.
2) The re-establishment of the CCC or Civilian Conservation Corp. For the retraining and employment of the unemployed.
2a) An Increase in Federal Minimum Wage to $10 per hour.
3) The legalization, regulation and taxation of marijuana.
4) Medical insurance for all,(Universal Health Care) paid for by tax revenues of #3 and the taxes of large corporations.
5) An end to tax breaks and loop holes for large corporations. To help fund #4 and #2.
6) No cuts to Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid programs.
7) A moratorium on the manufacture of all automatic firearms for domestic use. A Federal law making the illegal possession of a firearm a crime with mandatory prison time.
8) A comprehensive overhaul of our energy policies, including a timetable for the phase out of fossil fuel consumption. The establishment of solar, wind and clean energy as the main source of energy for this country's needs.
9) The reopening of investigations surrounding the deaths of Abbie Hoffman, Mitch Snyder, Martin Luther King, JFK, and RFK.
10) A guarantee that every American has the right to an education.
11) Term limits for the US House of Representatives(8 years). Same for US Senate. A combination of the two not to exceed 12years. No "career politicians".
12) A limit on political contributions, no more than $1000. per contribution including corporations.
This is a "working list" and are just some of my suggestions for the Movement. There are many more ideas and reforms that I can come up with. In other words, this list is not complete.


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-- Written by Alix Steel in New York. >To contact the writer of this article, click here: Alix Steel.
Related Articles:
Here's a technical look at five under-$10 stocks that look poised to trade higher from current levels.
Perfect World Co. Ltd. (NASDAQ:PWRD), SouFun Holdings Ltd. (NYSE:SFUN) and Linn Energy LLC (NASDAQ:LINE) are starting the day strong this post-holiday Friday. International Tower Hill Mines (NYSE:THM)...
TheStreet highlights 3 stocks that pushed the Metals & Mining industry
TheStreet highlights 3 stocks pushing the Metals & Mining industry lower today.


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My husband is at once attacked by the emissaries of the court party and by those of the party of Maillart.
Can Maillart be jealous of my uncle, the friend of his childhood!
The orders of the Sire of Charny and Maillart were carried out.
Above all, let him be on his guard against Councilman Maillart.
Maillart, who had been won over by the Dauphin, had preceded him.
"The envy and pride that devour her have lost Maillart," rejoined the provost.
But the rage of Maillart and of the Sire of Charny was not yet appeased.
All I maintain is that, put in the place of Marcel, Maillart would have done as well.
Maillart advises your husband to secretly leave Paris this very night.
If it were otherwise, Maillart would be the vilest of men, and that I am not ready to believe.


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Seamus Heaney, probably the most widely read and beloved poet of his time, died early Friday morning at a hospital in Dublin, at the age of 74. He had been going through a period of poor health, his family said. The outpouring of grief and loss at his passing bears witness to a legacy that cannot, as yet, be fully fathomed.Heaney's poetry was deeply rooted in his Northern Ireland homeland: its farms and towns, its political strife, and its language and culture. He considered his own career as … [Read more...]
An Invitation to Dig: The Legacy of Seamus Heaney
September 3, 2013 by Leave a Comment
In Praise of Memorizing Poetry
January 28, 2013 by 4 Comments
It's refreshing to see someone stress the importance of memorizing poetry these days, as Brad Leithauser recently did in The New Yorker. He recounts the great Russian poet Joseph Brodsky, who made his students memorize roughly 1,000 lines of poetry in a semester (much to their dismay). In that vein, Leithauser describes the push-back he gets from his own students when he makes them memorize a single sonnet by Shakespeare.So why even bother memorizing poetry these days? Here's Leithauser's ba … [Read more...]


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The other story of interest we noted was in the Australian Financial Review under the headline "Market key to climate change."
Interesting, we thought, which 'crazy' capitalist pig has suggested such a thing.
Now, as we may have mentioned previously, science wasn't one of your correspondent's strong points at school, so our ability to say that climate change is fact or fiction is somewhat limited.
Unfortunately, the wise guy spouting the idea of the market being involved in climate change is an economist and professor at the Australian National University in Canberra, Ross Garnaut.
Actually, that isn't the unfortunate bit, the unfortunate part of it is because he is heading an enquiry formed by Kevin from Brisbane, Steve from Melbourne, Morris from Sydney, Mike from Adelaide, Peter also from Brisbane, and Alan from Perth.
Chances are that John from Canberra will be compelled to rubbish anything that Professor Garnaut says, even if it is a free market based solution to what is yet an unproven problem.
Of course, if climate change is a hoax then we have nothing to worry about.
Kris Sayce
Markets and Money


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Several classes are being offered by the Continuing Education Department at Paris Junior College –Sulphur Springs Center in April.
- A Microsoft Excel Essentials class will be offered on the electronic spreadsheet application. The course will meet 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. Fridays, April 4-11.
- Microsoft Word Essentials will meet 8 a.m. to noon on Fridays, April 4-11. The class gives an overview of the word processing program.
- QuickBooks Level 1: Basic Skills will be held from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. each Friday, April 11-25. This is a popular record keeping software used by small businesses today.
- The Initial Basic Life Support class on lifesaving skills for respiratory and cardiac emergencies will meet from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Friday, April 4. It will be repeated from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Friday, April 18. The American Heart Association certifies the class.
Classes meet at the PJC–Sulphur Springs Center, 1202 West Houston St. For registration or additional information, call 903-885-1232.
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Local couple completes their quest to climb the Seven Summits
January 24, 2014
The Seven Summits
The Seven Summits are the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first postulated as such and achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass. Locals Brandon and Kristine Chalk are among 350 people worldwide to have ever done it. Kristine is only the 18th American woman.
The Seven Summits are:
Mount Everest, 29,029 feet. Asia. First climbed in 1953
Aconcagua, 22,838 feet, South America. First climbed in 1897
Mount McKinley, 20,157 feet. North America, First climbed in 1913
Kilimanjaro, 19,341 feet. Africa. First climbed in 1889
Mount Elbrus, 18,510 feet. Europe. First climbed in 1874
Mount Vinson, 16,050. Europe. First climbed in 1966
Puncak Jaya, 16,024 feet. Australia. First climbed in 1962
Any man worth his salt marries above himself, then spends most of his days trying to measure up. For Brandon Chalk, that meant accompanying his adorable bride, Kristine, up the Seven Summits.
On Christmas Eve, Kristine became the 18th American woman to climb the Seven Summits, the seven tallest mountains on the world's seven continents. Only about 350 people from around the globe have done it, according to 7summits.com, so Brandon wasn't just along for the ride.
It took seven years. They climbed Denali, also known as Mount McKinley, in 2007, so they averaged one a year and it cost all kinds of money and time. But c'mon. Look how happy they are.
"It was great experience and it was worth it to us," Brandon said.
And here's what they learned along the way.
The types of things that happened to them happen to anyone on a climb as frustration and fatigue set in, Kristine said.
"Climbing partners are one of those things you must choose wisely, just like a husband or wife, because it combines so many different factors," Kristine said. "Hopefully it's made us realize we've made the right choice. We have a of tolerance for each other in our worst moments. And when you go through that, you're stronger for it."
Let the record show that when they summited Antarctica's Mt. Vinson on Christmas Eve, they laughed and danced and celebrated. They even braved frostbite and kissed.
However, even though love warms the heart, it doesn't make much of a dent in the weather. They spent only 10 minutes on the Mt. Vinson's summit. The temperature was minus 21 degrees and a brutal east wind hammered them with a minus 60 windchill.
But the sun never sets during an Antarctica summer, so they didn't start their summit push until 9 a.m.
"It's never dark in the summer, so there's really no reason to start early," Brandon said.
Ten minutes is about half as long as they spent atop Mt. Everest, 29,035 feet and the third of their Seven Summits. They took in the views, took in some oxygen and headed back down after about 20 minutes.
Climbing toward heaven
Brandon was 32 and Kristine was 31 when they summited Everest, and that made them the youngest American couple ever to do it, according to the Himalayan database that keeps track of that sort of thing.
Marriage means metaphorically putting your life in someone else's hands. When climbing the world's tallest mountains, it's not a metaphor. The Seven Summits will make several serious attempts to kill you.
Brandon says Kristine is mentally stronger than he is, especially when it comes to the big trips. She says he's a better technical climber.
They met climbing when a mutual friend introduced them. For a few years, they were just climbing buddies, but as they started talking about their Mount McKinley climb in Alaska's Denali National Park — the first of their Seven Summits —they spent all their time together planning and training.
"Each peak has its own draw, the things that make it fun and nerve-racking," Kristine said.
For Denali they were over-prepared and apprehensive. On Aconcagua they got turned back from the summit and had to make a second assault. "We said, 'We don't want to leave here without taking our best shot.'"
They'd knocked out a couple of the summits and decided it was a good way to see the world. So they started planning for the rest, Kristine said.
Seventh summit
For the seventh of their Seven Summits, they flew to Puente Arenas, Chile, the southernmost city in the world. From there they hopped on a massive Russian cargo plane for a five hour flight to Union Glacier. There were no windows in that plane, but there was a GoPro-type camera with a big flatscreen TV that showed them the outside world — and to keep people from getting airsick.
They landed near Union Glacier hundreds of miles inland. If you're going to do anything in Antarctica, you stage out of Union Glacier. They flew a smaller aircraft to base camp and started seven days of climbing.
Climbing Mt. Vinson is practically a personal experience.
"There were only 14 of us on the entire mountain. The closest people were at Union Glacier 200 miles away," Brandon said.
They don't climb for a living. When they're not doing this they're regular people with regular jobs. Kristine teaches fourth grade at Red Sandstone Elementary School in Vail. Brandon is a mechanical engineer with Beaudin Ganze in Avon.
"A lot of people who do the Seven Summits just pack it in and say. 'We're done.' Not us," Brandon said. "There are still adventures we want to do. Maybe we'll stick closer to home for the next few years, maybe some climbs in the continental U.S. But we're going to keep doing what we love to do."
High on their bucket list is an actual honeymoon, somewhere warm. Or they might go climb Mount Rainier this spring instead.
Staff Writer Randy Wyrick can be reached at 970-748-2935 and email@example.com.