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The Big Golden Animal ABC (A Big Golden Book)
by Garth Williams
No current Talk conversations about this book.
This is one of the few things I have from childhood. Precious.
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0375832092, Hardcover)A bevy of bunnies explore an alphabet of unusual animals. From a big-jawed alligator and a honey-eating bear to a frolicsome kangaroo and finely groomed yak, the bunnies hop with frivolity through this beautiful book. Williams's whimsical illustrations capture the bunnies' wonderment of each creature encountered—from A to Z!
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Let the different animals walk you through the alphabet.
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Hi ladies! My name is Liz. I been wanting to do the BBL for the last two years. My cousin just had hers done in DR and she looks great so it motivated me to finally get it done. So I looked up doctors in NY since I don't have the time to go to DR and I came across Body Cosmetica on E 85th St in NY. I went to a free consultation about two weeks ago, got a good price and got approved for financing. I'm scheduled for this Monday Sept 10, 2012! I'm so excited and super happy that Dr. Hyman was able to fit me in his schedule since its my week off work. I'm a bit nervous about being put to sleep, it's my first surgery, and I'm nervous bc I don't know what kind of pain to expect afterwards. Hopefully it's all worth it!
I'm doing this as a birthday gift to myself, I'll be 25 next month. My rear is not that small but it's not as big as I would like it to be. Dr. Hyman is performing Lypo on my abdomen and flanks. I have had a hard time getting rid of my belly fat. I lost a few pounds a few months ago during a bad breakup but gained it back recently so I'm super excited about getting rid of that fat too! I'm glad I found this website, not everyone can understand how we feel lol. I'll post again after the surgery and will post pics too!

subset: commoncrawl


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|Satchmo SummerFest
A Louis Armstrong Centennial Celebration August 2 - 5, 2001 Louisiana State Museum's Old U.S. Mint
August 2 - 5, 2001
Louisiana State Museum's Old U.S. Mint
|Saturday, August 4, 2001
|9:00 am - 12:30 pm
|University of New Orleans Louis Armstrong Centennial Conference continues. (By Admission)
|Free Admission to Ongoing Exhibits
|10:00 am
|"Little Louis" Contest
The Chateau Sonesta Hotel offers local children, ages 7-13, an opportunity to strut their stuff as a Satchmo impersonator in this final round of a fun talent contest. Free and open to the public. Chateau Sonesta Hotel, 800 Iberville Street. Tel. 565-4596.
|12:00 pm - 7:00 pm
|Satchmo SummerFest
Location: Old U.S. Mint - Louisiana State Museum
A free celebration of food, music and fun in honor of Pops.
Sponsored by:
|8:00 pm
|"From Satchmo to Marsalis: A Tribute to the Fathers of Jazz": A Concert with Ellis, Wynton, Branford, Jason and Delfaeyo Marsalis and Harry Connick, Jr. Held at University of New Orleans - Lakefront Arena (By Admission)
|Prize Drawing
Experience Armstrong's New Orleans - New York connection via JetBlue Airways! Visit the JetBlue tent located at the Old U.S. Mint and register to win two round-trip tickets from New Orleans to New York, complimentary tours for two of the Louis Armstrong Archives at Queens College and Louis Armstrong's home in Corona, Queens, plus $500 spending money for your Satchmo SummerFest Pilgrimage.
|Sizzlin' Satchmo Specials - Available August 2-5 at Participating Restaurants
Ongoing Exhibits | Information & Links | SummerFest Home Page


text:
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text:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology allows the integration of magnetic field sensors with electronic components, which presents important advantages such as small size, light weight, minimum power consumption, low cost, better sensitivity and high resolution. We present a discussion and review of resonant magnetic field sensors based on MEMS technology. In practice, these sensors exploit the Lorentz force in order to detect external magnetic fields through the displacement of resonant structures, which are measured with optical, capacitive, and piezoresistive sensing techniques. From these, the optical sensing presents immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and reduces the read-out electronic complexity. Moreover, piezoresistive sensing requires an easy fabrication process as well as a standard packaging. A description of the operation mechanisms, advantages and drawbacks of each sensor is considered. MEMS magnetic field sensors are a potential alternative for numerous applications, including the automotive industry, military, medical, telecommunications, oceanographic, spatial, and environment science. In addition, future markets will need the development of several sensors on a single chip for measuring different parameters such as the magnetic field, pressure, temperature and acceleration.
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) technology includes products such as automobile airbag systems, display systems and inkjet cartridges. It not only reduces the device dimensions on the order of micrometers, but also integrates the mechanical and electronic components on a single chip. This technology allows the design of portable devices such as gyroscopes, accelerometers, micromirrors, and pressure sensors [
Magnetic field sensors have a great potential for numerous applications such as magnetic storage, automotive sensors, navigation systems, non-destructive material testing, security systems, structural stability, medical sensors, and military instruments [
On the other hand, magnetic sensors using the Hall effect as their principle of transduction are commonly fabricated on standard Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Hall effect sensors have low cost and are used for measuring linear position, angular position, velocity and rotational speed. In general, they are applicable for a sensitivity range of 1 to 100 mT and have a power consumption between 100 and 200 mW, an offset of several mT, and a die size less than one millimeter. These sensors can measure either constant or varying magnetic field: the upper frequency limit is about 1 MHz and operate well in the temperature range from −100 to +100 °C [
Search coil sensors only detect time-varying magnetic fields based on Faraday's law of induction. Commonly, they can measure magnetic fields above 20 fT [
Fluxgate sensors measure the static or low frequency magnetic field and are sensitive to both the field direction and field magnitude from 10−2 to 107 nT with a resolution of 100 pT [
Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors can achieve a sensitivity range from 10−1 to 107 nT [
Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors have a large shift in the electrical resistance when their thin layers (a few nanometers) of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic materials are exposed to a magnetic field [
Fiber optic sensors exploit the magnetostrictive effect for measuring magnetic fields, whereby the dimensions of the magnetostrictive material change when it is placed inside an external magnetic field. This material is bonded over a piece of optical fiber, which is used as a leg of a Mach-Zender interferometer that measures the strain of the fiber when is exposed to a magnetic field. These sensors have a sensitivity range from 10−2 to 106 nT and are immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI) [
Recently, MEMS technology has been seriously considered as a candidate for the development of sensors due to the fact that they present several advantages such as small size, light weight, low-power consumption, minimum cost, high functionality, and better sensitivity and resolution. This technology can integrate mechanical and electronic components on a common substrate, achieving the realization of complete systems-on-a-chip. Thus, new resonant magnetic field sensors based on MEMS technology have been developed by some research groups, which show important advantages on their performance. For instance, these sensors are compact and smaller (on the order of micrometers) than several conventional technologies (e.g., fluxgate sensors, SQUIDs, optical fiber sensors, and search coil sensors); therefore, they can be placed closer to low-magnetic field sources for increasing their output signal. In addition, they may be lighter, faster and cheaper than their macroscopic counterparts. These sensors use resonant structures that exploit the Lorentz force principle for detecting magnetic fields. Generally, they measure the displacement of resonant structures exposed to external magnetic fields through capacitive, piezoresistive and optical sensing techniques.
This paper presents a review of different resonant magnetic field sensors based on MEMS technology, describing their operation principles, advantages and drawbacks, some applications, trends and challenges. From these sensors, the optical and piezoresistive techniques allow simple structural configurations that need a minimum of read-out electronics circuitry.
Following the introduction, the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the operation principle of resonant structures and the parameters that affect their resonant frequencies. In addition, this section describes the principal advantages and drawbacks of several resonant magnetic fields sensors based on MEMS technology, which use piezoresistive, optical, and capacitive sensing techniques. Section 3 discusses the potential applications of magnetic field sensors in sectors such as automotive, military, medical, oceanographic, spatial, and environment science. Section 4 presents some trends and challenges of the magnetic field sensors, and finally the paper ends with the conclusion and an outline of further work.
In this section, the operation principle and detection techniques of MEMS magnetic field sensors based on resonant structures are presented. Most resonant magnetic field sensors exploit the Lorentz force principle, in where a Lorentz force increases the displacement of a resonant structure that can be measured with optical, piezoresistive, and capacitive sensing techniques.
A resonant structure presents an amplified response to an excitation source applied with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency(ies) of the structure. This amplification is caused by the efficient transfer of the energy from the excitation source to the structure [
Resonant magnetic field sensors use structures that are excited at their resonant frequencies by electrostatic forces or Lorentz forces. These structures commonly are integrated by clamped-free/clamped-clamped beams, torsion/flexion plates or an array of them. The application of external magnetic fields alters the deflections of the resonant structure, which can be detected through optical, capacitive, and piezoresistive sensing techniques. For instance, a resonant structure based on a clamped-clamped beam has its first resonant frequency associated to its first flexural vibration mode, as shown in
If this beam is exposed to an excitation source with a frequency equal to its first resonant frequency, then the beam will have a maximum deflection at its midpoint. The excitation source can be a Lorentz force due to the interaction between an external magnetic field and an ac excitation current. For this, an aluminum loop is placed on the clamped-clamped beam surface and an excitation current (
The Lorentz force acts as an excitation source on the clamped-clamped beam, causing an amplified deflection on the midpoint. Thus, the magnitude of the beam deflection depends on the Lorentz force amplitude, which is directly proportional to
The Rayleigh method is an efficient alternative for determining the first resonant frequency of continuous structures. This method finds the resonant frequency (
The first resonant frequency of a structure is directly proportional to its elasticity modulus and cross-sectional moment of area, and inversely proportional to its density and cross-sectional area. In addition, residual stresses on the structure can affect its resonant frequency [
Another important parameter in the performance of resonant structures is the damping effect, which limits the maximum amplitude of the structure [
Generally, total quality factor (
At atmospheric pressure, commonly the largest energy lost of a resonant structure is due to energy dissipated to a surrounding fluid. This energy loss is due to the interactions of the resonant structure with the surrounding fluid (e.g., air), and its value depends on the surrounding fluid pressure, the nature of the fluid, size and shape of the resonant structure, the type of vibration, and its distance (gap) respect to adjacent surfaces [
The energy dissipated by the structural damping (1/
Finally, the
Most of the resonant structures based on MEMS technology are fabricated on silicon wafers, which have an elastic modulus dependent on the temperature. For example, the silicon elastic modules as a function of the temperature for 250 K ≤
In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon (
The thermal conductivity of silicon (
The temperature influences on the performance of a resonant sensor, where an increment of the temperature affects the material properties (e.g. the elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, and thermal conductivity) and originates stresses inside of the resonant structure [
The surrounding fluid pressure on the resonant structure is another parameter that affects its resonant frequency. For instance, an excessive pressure on clamped-clamped and clamped-free beams can induce tensile or compressive stresses, altering their resonant frequencies.
In this section, resonant magnetic field sensors based on MEMS technology with piezoresistive sensing are discussed.
The Lorentz force originates a longitudinal strain (
The change in the resistance of the active piezoresistors produces an output voltage shift (
The sensor sensitivity (
Consequently, the magnitude of the external magnetic field is measured through the output voltage of the Wheatstone bridge. Piezoresistive sensing is simple and easy to use in resonant magnetic field sensors based on MEMS technology. In the next paragraphs, three kinds of these sensors with piezoresistive sensing are presented.
Beroulle's sensor is fabricated using an industrial CMOS process, followed by a post-process to release its microbeams. The sensor has a resonant frequency of 8.97 kHz, a quality factor of 59, a mass of 750 ng, a sensitivity of 530 mVT−1, a theoretical resolution of 10 μT, and a thermal noise of 5.3 nVHz−1/2.
The deflections of the microbeams are measured with piezoresistive sensing by means of P-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor (PMOS) transistors connected in a Wheatstone brigde that is located close to the anchoring end of the microbeams.
The sensor sensitivity (
Sunier's sensor is also fabricated with an industrial CMOS process, followed by a post-process of micromachining to release the microbeams. The sensor presents a resonant frequency of 175 kHz, a quality factor of 600, a sensitivity of 60 kHzT−1, a resolution of 1 μT, and a power consumption about 5 mW. In addition, this sensor has an efficient continuous offset cancellation technique, a high robustness, low cross sensitivity and competitive cost.
This patent pending sensor was designed for Tenaris TAMSA Corporation for measuring residual magnetic fields in welded steel tubes. The fabrication process of the sensor is based on the bulk micromachining protocol of the Microelectronics National Center (CNM) of Spain. This sensor has a resonant frequency of 136.52 kHz, a quality factor of 842, a sensitivity of 0.403 μVμT−1, a resolution of 143 nT with a frequency variation of 1 Hz, and power consumption below 10 mW. In addition, the sensor structure is compact and has a high quality factor at ambient pressure. However, the sensor registered an offset and linearity problems at low magnetic fields range.
The resonant sensors with piezoresistive sensing require simple readout circuits and present high sensitivity and low manufacture-cost. Although, they need a careful packaging, trimming, and compensation circuits for reducing the effect of the thermal fluctuations on their performance.
In this section, the optical sensing used in resonant magnetic field sensors based on MEMS technology is presented.
A xylophone resonator used as magnetic field sensor with optical sensing was reported by Zanetti
The Keplinger sensor is suitable for measuring magnetic fields from 10 mT to 50 T with moderate excitation amplitudes. The sensor has a large dynamic range and is principally used for applications with high magnetic fields. In addition, the sensor can be used in harsh environments under mechanical vibrations and low temperatures. However, this sensor needs high current magnitudes (about 50 mA) to detect small magnetic fields, which increases the temperature and deformation at the silicon microbeam. It can cause a resonant frequency shift of the microbeams and, hence, the sensor will need calibration. Also, the variations of the environment temperature affect the resonant frequency of the microbeam. The sensor has a resonant frequency around 5 kHz, a resolution of 10 mT, and a power consumption of few milliwatts.
Wickenden's sensor has four 4 μm wide support arms and operates to a resonant frequency of 78.15 kHz, a quality factor about 7000, a thermal noise of 100 pTAHz−1/2, an ac current of 22 μA and a pressure around of 4.7 Pa. In addition, the sensor can achieve a resolution on the order of nanoteslas. The relation between the output response of the sensor and the applied magnetic field range has a linear behavior up to 150 μT. The performance of the sensor is affected by pressure and temperature fluctuations, e.g., the resonant frequency of the xylophone shifts with the intensity variation of a broad illumination source or the location of the laser.
The resonant magnetic field sensors with optical readout system have immunity to EMI as well as a reduction in their electronic circuitry and weight. However, the optical sensing presents some problems due to the intrinsic losses of the structural imperfections of the sensors and can require complex fabrication processes.
In this section, some resonant magnetic field sensors based on MEMS technology with capacitive sensing are shown.
The Kadar sensor is fabricated using a combination of bipolar processing, micromachining, glass processing and glass-to-silicon anodic bonding at the Delft Institute of Microelectronics and Submicron Technology (DIMES). This sensor with a single loop presents a sensitivity of 500 μVμT−1, a resonant frequency about 2.4 kHz, a quality factor of 700, a pressure around 5 Pa, and a power consumption on the order of milliwatts. This sensor requires a complex electronic circuit for the signal processing and can reach a detection limit of 1 nT when it is vacuum-packaged.
This sensor has the following results: sensitivity of 820 μVμT−1 under an excitation current of 930 μA, a quality factor about 30 at 101 Pa, a resonant frequency of 1.3 kHz, and a resolution close to 200 nT considering a frequency difference of 10 Hz. Furthermore, it presents an offset (approximate 60 μT) due to parasitic couplings of the electronics, unbalanced parasitic capacitances, and a fraction of the residual magnetic field. Also, the sensor requires a complicated fabrication process and a vacuum packaging.
Tucker, Wesoleck and Wickenden [
This sensor is fabricated using an industrial CMOS process and has a die area around 0.5 mm2. The sensor presents a resonant frequency close to 100 kHz, a quality factor about 1,000, a noise of 0.5 nTHz−1/2, and a power consumption of 7.5 mW. The sensor needs a complex fabrication process, a vacuum packaging, and a differential switched capacitor modulation and demodulation technique.
Bahreyni's sensor operates with electrostatic actuation, which presents the following advantages: low-power requirements, ease of manufacture, and simple operation. This sensor has a resonant frequency around 27 kHz, a quality factor of 15,000 at 2 Pa, a mass about 250 ng, a sensitivity of 69.6 HzT−1, and a resolution de 217 nT for 10 mA current in crossbars with 2V actuation voltage. However, the sensor needs a vacuum packaging for improving its performance and, in addition the heat produced by the current
The resonant magnetic field sensors with capacitive sensing present a little temperature dependence, but they suffers from parasitic capacitances in the connecting leads that complicate the signal measurements. The parasitic capacitances can be decreased whether electronic circuits are fabricated on the same substrate from the magnetic field sensor. In addition, capacitive sensing requires complicated electronics and vacuum-packaged.
The resonant magnetic field sensors based on MEMS technology have simple operation principles, which allow the design of compact and lighter structures integrated by few elements (e.g., clamped-free microbeams, aluminum loop, piezoresistors, and electrodes). They can measure low magnetic fields around nanoteslas; although, the reduction of this level (to magnetic fields on the order of picoteslas) could be achieved with future optimized designs of the resonant structures and electronic circuits. Generally, the sensitivity range of these sensors is adjusted changing the excitation current of the aluminum loop, which help to measure lower or higher magnetic fields. These sensors can be used closer to the magnetic field sources due to their small size and have a power consumption of a few milliwatts. A summary of the main characteristics of these sensors are shown in
Magnetic field sensors fabricated on MEMS technology offer new capabilities that can be used in industrial sectors such as the automotive, military, medical, oceanographic, spatial, and environment science. A typical magnetic signal range of several sources and applications is shown in
In the automotive sector, the magnetic field sensors can be used for on-road vehicle classification through the detection of magnetic disturbances [
In the military sector, the magnetic field sensors are used to located unexploded ordnance that contains dangerous explosives, propellants or chemical agents [
The medical sector demands magnetic field sensors of high resolution and high sensitivity. For example, the iron overload in patients can be monitored through an array of magnetic field sensors. In addition, studies of brain and heart disorders in patients demand magnetic field sensors with better accuracy and high resolution. Also, the tracking of the location and orientation of instruments in microsurgery are needed.
In Oceanography, magnetic field sensors can be used for an oceanographic mapping [
In Environment Science there is a need for portable sensors for geological and archeological prospecting, measurements of magnetic properties of rocks, and detection of magnetic fields on the Earth's surface or atmosphere (e.g., the detection of pipeline corrosion).
The trend in magnetic field sensors is towards devices with higher sensitivity and resolution, smaller size, lower power consumption and minimum cost, although, the improvement of the sensitivity is not independent of the size, power, and cost, and for each application it is necessary to make a trade-off between these factors [
New applications of magnetic field sensors include the detection of biomolecules [
A challenge of the magnetic field sensors is the suppression of any background noise. The performance limit of the future magnetic field sensors will be the variations in Earth's magnetic field due to geological effects. In addition, for the futures magnetic field sensors is recommended: to simplify the basic sensor physics, design rules and functionality; to increase their quality factor and dynamic range; to decrease the size, low power, output response offset and the temperature dependence.
In the future, the resonant magnetic field sensors based on MEMS technology could be used principally in the markets of the automotive industry, communications and consumer electronics products. The cost from these sensors will depend principally from the volume-production quantity and the complex of their packaging and signal processing. For instance, in automotive applications, the AIS326DQ accelerometer from STMicroelectronics Company registered in 2008 a price around $3.75 for a volume production from 100,000 pieces [
A review of magnetic field sensors with resonant structures fabricated on MEMS technology has been presented. This technology has allowed the development of Lorentz-force based magnetic field sensors with specifications such as small size, light weight, low power consumption and high performance. These sensors take advantage the optical, capacitive, or piezoresistive sensing capability in order to detect the magnetic fields variations. The sensors with optical sensing decrease their electronic circuitry and weight; however, they can require a complex fabrication process. Moreover, the sensors with capacitive sensing have little dependence on the temperature, but need vacuum-packaging and complex electronic circuitry. The piezoresistive sensing capability allows simple readout circuits and a straightforward fabrication process steps.
Future applications of magnetic sensing will involve sensors with better resolution, smaller dimensions and lower cost. Thus, new magnetic field sensors, as a whole, must improve their fabrication process in order to increase their performance as well the quality factor, and consequently, decreasing the offset and thermal dependency. In addition, new markets will need the development of a multisensor on a single chip for measuring different parameters, including magnetic field, pressure, temperature, and acceleration. The overcoming of these difficult challenges can be achieved through MEMS technology due to its important characteristics discussed in this work. However, this technology needs to realize investigations on new materials and to optimize the sensors operation for increasing their resolution and life-time.
This work was mainly supported by Tenaris-TAMSA, and partially supported by CONACYT and University of Guanajuato through projects 84605 and UG DAIP 099/2008, respectively.
(a) Clamped-clamped beam and (b) its associated first vibration mode.
Schematic view of the Lorentz force principle acting on a clamped-clamped beam.
Typical amplitude (arbitrary units) response of a resonant structure with a high quality factor.
(a) Schematic view of a resonant magnetic field sensor based on two U-shaped clamped-free microbeams and (b) its associated Wheatstone bridge.
(a) Schematic view of operation principle and (b) dimensions of the resonant U-shaped microbeams used by the magnetic field sensor designed by Bernoulle
(a) Schematic view of the operation principle and (b) estimate dimensions of the resonant magnetic field sensor developed by Sunier
A 3D Schematic view of the (a) structural configuration and (b) operation principle of the resonant magnetic field sensor developed by Herrera-May
Schematic view of the operation principle of a magnetic field sensor based on a resonant xylophone microbeam designed by Zanetti
(a) Schematic view of an operation principle and (b) dimensions of a magnetic field sensor with two fibers located in curved channels developed by Keplinger
Schematic view of the magnetic field sensor with two parallel fibers and a cranked microbeam designed by Keplinger
Schematic view of the magnetic field sensor based on resonant polysilicon beams reported by Herrera-May
(a) Schematic view of the operation principle and (b) cross-section of the resonant magnetic field sensor developed by Kádár
Schematic view (not to scale) of the resonant magnetic field sensor based on movable comb and fixed finger electrodes reported by Emmerich
Schematic view of electrostatic resonator used as magnetic field sensor by Bahreyni
Approximate sensitivity range of different magnetic field sensors [
Typical magnetic signals range of several sources and applications [
Schematic diagram of the size and speed measure of vehicles.
Effect on the vehicle stability achieved with an ESP system.
Futuristic Drive-by-Wire system of the Mercedes-Benz Company [
Future medical application of magnetic field sensors for visualizing magnetically market diagnostic capsules.
Main characteristics of resonant magnetic field sensors based on MEMS technology.
|2 × 103
|59 @ Patm
|520 × 520
|600 @ Patm
|∼400 × 185
|842 @ Patm
|400 × 150
|∼7000 @ Patm
|5,000 × 500
|1,100 × 1,000
|700 @ 4.7 Pa
|500 × 50
|1.66 @ Patm
|404 × 300
|∼1 nT
|700 @ 5 Pa
|2,800 × 1,400
|Emmerich and Schöfthaler [
|∼200 nT
|30 @ 101 Pa
|1,300 × 500
|Tucker, Wesoleck and Wickenden [
|∼1000 @ 1 Patm
|<1,000 × 1,000
|217 nT
|15000 @ 2 Pa
|∼520 × 400
Data not available in the literature.
Characteristics of some magnetic field sensors.
|Hall effect [
|5V 10 @ 1 Hz
|10 @ 1Hz
|0.44 × 0.34
|MEMS (Lorentz force) [
|5 V 8.5 @ 10 Hz
|5 V 48 @ 1 Hz
|∼ 1
|Optical fiber [
|∼100 × 25
|Fluxgate [
|5 × 2.5
|Search coil [
|20 × 10−6
|30 × 10−3
|50 × 25
|∼10 × 10−6
|∼30 × 10−3
|<10× 10
Die size of the sensor.
Noise of sensor developed by Tucker, Wesoleck and Wickenden [
Typical size of the sensor.
Approximation of the chip size of SQUID without considering the cooling system.


text:
Could the founding of America be based on a lie? The truth is hidden within the ruins of a cursed lost colony... An exhilarating Sigma Force thriller.
In the Rocky Mountains, a horrible massacre ensues. Bodies are found purposefully positioned to form two symbols. One man recognises the warning behind the gruesome murders: Painter Crowe, director of SIGMA, has seen these symbols before and knows the deaths were a personal threat. One of the victims was his beloved cousin.
Crowe joins forces with Commander Grayson Pierce to penetrate the shadowy heart of a dark cabal that has been manipulating American history. But can he discover the truth before it destroys all he holds dear? The truth lies hidden within the ruins of a cursed lost colony - a place known only as The Devil Colony.
About the Author
James Rollins is the New York Times bestselling author of international thrillers, translated into more than forty languages. His Sigma series has been lauded as one of the 'top crowd pleasers' (New York Times) and one of the 'hottest summer reads' (People Magazine). In each novel, acclaimed for its originality, Rollins unveils unseen worlds, scientific breakthroughs, and historical secrets - and he does it all at breakneck speed and with stunning insight.
"Terrible secrets, the sweep of history, an epic canvas, breathless action...nobody--and I mean nobody--does this stuff better than Rollins."--Lee Child on "The Devil Colony"
Series: Sigma Force
Audience: General
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 672
Published: 27th March 2012
Publisher: HARPER PRISM
Country of Publication: US
Dimensions (cm): 19.05 x 10.8 x 4.45
Weight (kg): 0.36


text:
Where is everybody?
It's pretty much split between the strip club and jail.
PS if you want to hear something hilarious as my little sister was showing me her engagement ring I open a Snapchat from R and it's literally a dick pic. Very different points in our life
I can't believe there are people our age getting engaged and I can't even find a solid coke dealer.
Holding your hair back while you puked wasn't a choice. I was handcuffed to you.
23 Annoying things Girls Do When They're Trying To Be Cute
I literally just want someone to fuck me and buy me cheeseburgers. I don't even want a relationship at this point. Just a chew toy and some food.
I forgot what I was gonna say, but I'm pretty excited to not be pregnant.
Puke-y regrets or just things-seem-far-away regrets?
I think my liver has finally had enough and is going all Ashley-Judd-in-a-Lifetime-movie on me.
The body is still out there. I don't think my trainer realized when he asked me not to drink for 24 days, how often I see dead people
27 Unforgettable Hookup Texts
Leaving Denver airport I just saw a group of young Republicans in matching green T-shirts that said "4/20 Baby!"
If I don't singlehandedly make your gf realize she needs to straighten the fuck up or ruin your relationship before I leave I have failed you as a friend.
Do you want to talk about dinosaurs?
It's like the cookie assaulted me with being high.
Stay strong! Remember we're too uncoordinated to be strippers to make money instead of being a nurse


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James Zirkle
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
From 1985 until his retirement in 2009 Professor Zirkle was an Associate General Counsel with the Office of General Counsel, Central Intelligence Agency. Over his career he worked primarily in the areas of space systems, counterintelligence and security. Among his assignments were senior counsel at the National Reconnaissance Office and senior counsel to the CIA's Counterintelligence Center and Office of Security. His last assignment was as the CIA's Officer-in-Residence at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service.
He has served as an Adjunct Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center and the American University's Washington College of Law since 1988, where he teaches in the area of national security law and (at GULC) international law and covert operations.
Before joining the CIA he served as Associate Dean of the Yale Law School and has also been a member of the law faculties at the College of William & Mary and the University of Mississippi.
Prior to law school he served on active duty for five years as a line officer in the Navy.
Currently Teaching
Degrees & Universities
- LL.M., Yale Law School
- J.D., University of Tennessee
- B.S., Carson-Newman Collee


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Charles D. Ferguson has been the president of the Federation of American Scientists since January 1, 2010. From February 1998 to August 2000, Dr. Ferguson worked for FAS on nuclear proliferation and arms control issues as a senior research analyst.
Asked about his decision to accept the position, Dr. Ferguson said, "I feel profoundly honored to be asked to work with FAS's immensely talented and dedicated staff and membership. I am committed to leading FAS to become the preeminent non-governmental organization devoted to science and security."
At the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), Dr. Ferguson served as the project director of the Independent Task Force on U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy, chaired by William J. Perry and Brent Scowcroft, in addition to his work at CFR where he specialized in arms control, climate change, energy policy, and nuclear and radiological terrorism.
Previously, from 2002 to 2004, Dr. Ferguson had been with the Monterey Institute's Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) as its scientist-in-residence. At CNS, he co-authored the book The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism and was also lead author of the award-winning report "Commercial Radioactive Sources: Surveying the Security Risks," which was published in January 2003 and was one of the first post-9/11 reports to assess the radiological dispersal device, or "dirty bomb," threat. This report won the 2003 Robert S. Landauer Lecture Award from the Health Physics Society.
Dr. Ferguson also has consulted with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, and the National Nuclear Security Administration. From 2000 to 2002, he served as a physical scientist in the Office of the Senior Coordinator for Nuclear Safety at the U.S. Department of State, where he helped develop U.S. government policies on nuclear safety and security issues.
After graduating with distinction from the United States Naval Academy, he served as an officer on a fleet ballistic missile submarine and studied nuclear engineering at the Naval Nuclear Power School.
Dr. Ferguson has written numerous articles on energy policy, missile defense, nuclear arms control, nuclear energy, nuclear proliferation, and nuclear terrorism. He has also authored or coauthored several peer-reviewed scientific articles and published in top physics journals. And in October 2008, he was named by Wired magazine as one of the "Fifteen People the Next President Should Listen To."
From June 2011 to October 2013, he served as Co-Chairman of the U.S.-Japan Nuclear Working Group, organized by the Mansfield Foundation, FAS, and the Sasakawa Peace Foundation. In May 2011, his book Nuclear Energy: What Everyone Needs to Know was published by Oxford University Press. In 2013, he was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society for his work in educating the public and policy makers about nuclear issues.
Dr. Ferguson received his undergraduate degree in physics from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees, also in physics, from Boston University in Boston, Massachusetts.


text: WASHINGTON (AP) President Bush says Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld will stay in his post despite the abusive treatment of Iraqi prisoners by U.S. military personnel, but Democrats are clamoring for his resignation and key Senate Republicans want to hear from the man himself.At this point in time I do not have any loss of confidence in Secretary Rumsfeld, Sen. John Warner, R-Va., chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, said Thursday as a new cache of photographs surfaced and Bush offered an outright apology to the prisoners and their families half a world away.We need to get all the facts. We need everybody to just take a deep breath and get all the facts, added Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., a senior member of the same panel and himself a former prisoner of war.Other Republicans expressed concern that military officials knew in January about the abusive and sexually humiliating treatment of prisoners, but did not inform Congress about it or about a subsequent investigative report prepared by a Pentagon official.For his part, Rumsfeld stayed out of public view Thursday and spent part of his time looking ahead to Fridays pair of command congressional appearances. Get it all out. Be open, Sen. John Ensign, R-Nev., said he urged the defense secretary in a meeting at the Pentagon.Attorney General John Ashcroft, meanwhile, said the Justice Department stood ready to prosecute any civilians or former military personnel suspected of criminal conduct in the abuse of Iraqi prisoners.Speaking with reporters, Ashcroft would not confirm whether the Defense Department or CIA had formally referred any individual cases to federal prosecutors for potential charges. But he said there was ample jurisdiction to move against civilian contractors and others, including laws that forbid torture.We will follow evidence and act in accordance with evidence, Ashcroft said. We will take action where appropriate.The CIA inspector general is investigating three prisoner deaths that may have involved its officers or contract personnel, intelligence officials have said.Six months before the national election and dogged by persistent violence and rising U.S. casualties in Iraq, Bush was unflinching Thursday in his defense of Rumsfeld.He is a really good secretary of defense. Secretary Rumsfeld has served our nation well. Secretary Rumsfeld has been the secretary during two wars. Hes an important part of my Cabinet and hell stay in my Cabinet, the president said during a Rose Garden appearance with Jordans King Abdullah II.At the same time, Bush confirmed for reporters that he had expressed his unhappiness with his defense secretary privately earlier in the week. He said he told him that I should have known about the pictures and the report done by the Pentagon before they turned up in news reports.With Bush and lawmakers concerned about the impact of the controversy on Americas image around the globe, graphic new photographs surfaced Thursday that served only to compound their worries. One showed a naked prisoner handcuffed to a bed with womens underwear over his head.In his Rose Garden appearance with Abdullah, Bush shed his customary reluctance to apologize or acknowledge mistakes. I told him (Abdullah) I was sorry for the humiliation suffered by the Iraqi prisoners and the humiliation suffered by their families, the president said. I told him I was equally sorry that people who have been seeing those pictures didnt understand the true nature and heart of America.Bush conceded unprompted that Americas reputation had been damaged. Its a stain on our countrys honor and our countrys reputation. I fully understand that. And thats why its important that justice be done, he said.Democrats, whose relations with Rumsfeld have long been strained, said more than that was required.Sen. John Kerry, battling Bush for the White House, pushed for Rumsfelds ouster.Its the way it was handled, Kerry said on a campaign stop in California. The lack of information to the Congress, the lack of information to the country, not managing it, not dealing with it, recognizing it as an issue.The Pentagon Secretary Rumsfeld oversees has become an island of unaccountability, ignoring the Geneva Conventions, our allies and common sense, added House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi.Rep. Charles Rangel, D-N.Y., said Congress should impeach Rumsfeld if he declined to resign and Bush refused to fire him.With both houses of Congress under Republican control, impeachment wasnt on the agenda, and some Republicans hastened to accuse Democrats of playing politics with the issue.They want to win the White House more than they win the war (on terror) and our enemies know it, said House Majority Leader Tom DeLay, R-Texas.


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Today I'm sharing over at Simple Mom, with my own top items for baby's first year and beyond for keeping babyhood simple:
Last summer I was blessed with my third baby. It was a truly beautiful time, as I found it so much easier to relax, follow my mothering instincts and care for my baby in a simpler way than I did with the birth of my first two children.
This relaxed approach wove its way not only into my interactions with my baby, but also into the way that I began to view baby paraphernalia. Store displays, pregnancy magazines and mothering websites would have us believe that with a new baby must come a load of stuff to care for all of their specific needs.
I have found this just isn't true. Less has been more for us this time around, and I expect it will continue to be should our family be blessed again.
Read the entire post here.


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Alan Dudley is one of a rare breed of specialists who select and treat wood veneers for use in the interiors of very expensive British motor cars. That's his day job. After work, he collects skulls.
As with many obsessive fascinations, his hobby began by chance. In common with most small English boys of his generation – Dudley was born in 1957, in Coventry – he was fascinated with wildlife: he collected birds' eggs and kept newts in a jar.
One day soon after his 18th birthday, he found the carcass of a dead fox draped on a garden fence; he took it home, with a view to cleaning and studying it.
By the time he collected the animal, it was little more than a ragged mess of fur draped around a core of skeletal bones. He dismounted the head, took off the fur covering with a knife and tweezers, and got his first good look at a whole skull, magnificent in its purity and perfection.
He learnt the various ways of preparing a skull. Some collectors, having performed the rough cleaning with knives, employ flesh-eating maggots to nibble their way around the crevices.
But Alan Dudley found that the maggots were too brutal in their treatment of some of the finer bones, distorting them in their eating frenzy. So Dudley's preferred method is cold water maceration: basically, soaking the new-found skulls in a bucket of water for a very long time and letting any still-adhering flesh dissolve away, with help from the bacteria that find their way into the bucket.
The process is extremely smelly and very time-consuming. But after weeks or months submerged in water that becomes dark and perfectly horrible to be near, the blood vessels, the bands of cartilage and clumps of muscle, as well as the eyes and tongue and soft palate and hearing mechanisms, all vanish, and what remains is an off-white amassment of curvilinear bones that can be washed and whitened with hydrogen peroxide to be labelled and placed in a display case for the remainder of time.
Over the years, Alan Dudley became an extremely accomplished skull collector. He was well known in some circles, seen as an authority. He soon began dealing with nearby zoos – curators would call him if one of their animals died. He began trading skulls with other collectors, both in Britain and in the United States.
When Alan Dudley started trading skulls over the internet, he was well aware of all the various international laws covering the exploitation of some kinds of animals; aware that endangered species were taken illegally and plundered for various parts that fetched stellar prices in particular corners of the world. But he had long supposed that his collection conformed in all ways with legal requirements and restrictions.
Which is why Dudley was more than a little surprised when, one March afternoon in 2008, four police officers arrived at his door, including a wildlife crime officer and an enforcement officer from Customs and Excise. They came with a search warrant, so Dudley had no choice but to let them carry out a lengthy inspection of his enormous collection.
While the police found that the majority of the collection was entirely legal, some specimens had clearly been bought in disregard of the law. Dudley was eventually charged with a crime: with seven counts of having breached CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). The skulls that most exercised the courts were those of a howler monkey from Ecuador, a penguin, a loggerhead turtle, a chimpanzee, a Goeldi's marmoset from Bolivia, and a tiger.
He was ordered to wear an electronic tag – calibrated so that it prevented him from having access to his collection, which had crime-scene tape strung across the door. And when the case went to Coventry Crown Court, where he pleaded guilty, he was sentenced to 50 weeks' prison time, suspended, fined £1,000, with £1,500 costs, and the specimens at the centre of the controversy were confiscated. The judge in the case spoke of an "academic zeal" that had "crossed the line" into "unlawful obsession".
Once reunited with his remaining collection, Dudley vowed to be more cautious in his purchasing practices, less impetuous in deciding to buy some of the rarer species that he still needs to expand his world-class collection.
Yet Dudley remains sturdily enthusiastic about his curious obsession. He reminisced about his earliest – and to outsiders, somewhat grotesque – triumphs. He tells of finding the body of a tethered and starved Great Dane in a dilapidated apartment complex in Spain, and cutting off its head with a penknife; of the tortoise his mother had buried in a plastic bag and which had turned entirely to mush; of a hedgehog he found, with which children had been playing football and "yet with its nasal bones still not damaged by the roughness of their game"; of how his then-wife Jacqueline vowed to destroy his entire collection because of the dreadful smell of a rotting green iguana; and of how, when he saw a spider monkey that had died of cancer, "I couldn't bring myself to take her head, so sad was her story".
Extracted from 'Skulls: An Exploration of Alan Dudley's Curious Collection' by Simon Winchester, with photographs by Nick Mann (Black Dog & Leventhal). To order a copy at the special price of £17.95 (usually £19.95), including p&p, call Independent Books Direct on 0843 0600 030
- More about:
- Animals
- Apes
- Biology
- Eggs
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- Food
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- Law
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Watford Credit Union has given out £1 million in small loans to people in the area.
The not for profit volunteer-run organisation has been helping members to save and borrow since 2002.
Steve Harvey, chair of Watford Credit Union, said: "We are pleased to reach £1 million in loans as it shows that we really are an alternative to doorstep and payday lenders, who charge eye-watering rates compared to us.
"We've seen more and more people of all incomes coming to the credit union in recent years and our membership has grown to 800. It's a sign that people are starting to take more care of their money since the financial crisis and realising that Watford Credit Union is not a 'poor people's bank' - they like the flexibility and low interest rates of our loans."
The Union offers a savings account and low-cost loans to anyone over 18 who lives, works or studies in the WD postcode area. Members can join with a £1 entry fee and minimum deposit of at least £1.
Once they have saved regularly for at least 13 weeks, members can apply for a loan of up to three times their savings, at an interest rate of 1% per month on the decreasing balance.


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Lacoste Shoe | Zhandra Sneaker with Gold Metallic and Grey
A fun and funky tennis shoe that would look great with a pair of cut-off shorts or everyday jeans. I love the metallic and denim color combination. It is not what you would typically see in a tennis shoe.
A comfortable and stylish way to walk this spring and summer. This is a newer brand which I am loving. The natural color makes these shoes an easy fit for any look. Love them!Added 9 Years Ago from Jbandme


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Hamilton Tiger-Cats (6-7) at Toronto Argonauts (9-4)
Friday, 7 p.m. (EDT)
Toronto has already secured a playoff berth and holds a comfortable lead atop the East Division, but here comes a home-and-home series with second-place Hamilton to help paint the playoff picture. Backup quarterback Zach Collaros has led the Double Blue to four consecutive road wins, and running back Chad Kackert seems back to his old, elusive self.
Multipurpose star Chad Owens appears healthy and may play. Their rivals from down the road haven't been as successful, coming off a biting loss to Calgary in which the Ticats had six turnovers and two missed field goals. Henry Burris is the CFL's leading passer, but his interceptions are mounting lately, and Toronto's defenders have shown a recent appetite for creating turnovers.
The pick: Toronto
Saskatchewan Roughriders (8-5) at B.C. Lions (9-4)
Friday 10 p.m. (EDT)
The Lions have punched their playoff ticket, and still have a shot at catching Calgary atop the West Division. They are on a three-game win streak and are undefeated at home. Although quarterback Travis Lulay is slated to be sidelined for a couple more weeks, backup Thomas DeMarco is proving to be a worthy stand-in. Saskatchewan stumbles in with a four-game losing string after starting the season with eight wins in their first nine games.
The pressure on the arm of quarterback Darian Durant may be lessened with CFL-leading rusher Kory Sheets returning from the injured list. There is serious jockeying to be done atop the West in this one.
The pick: B.C.
Montreal Alouettes (5-8) at Edmonton Eskimos (3-10)
Saturday, 3:30 p.m. (EDT)
Despite a jumbled rotation of quarterbacks due to various injuries, the Alouettes find themselves nipping at the heels of second-place Hamilton. Josh Neiswander appears to be the QB of the moment, and is maturing in the role. Not surprisingly, the Als passing attack has quieted compared to recent seasons, yet the team is coming off a win over Saskatchewan in which receiver Duron Carter had a great coming out (five catches for 148 yards, one touchdown). The Eskimos are coming off a loss to the Argos in which they gave up a big late-game lead and lost quarterback Mike Reilly when he suffered a concussion on a helmet-to-helmet crack. But he has practised late this week, and it appears he might play.
The pick: Montreal
Winnipeg Blue Bombers (2-11) at Calgary Stampeders (10-3)
Saturday, 6:30 p.m. (EDT)
Winnipeg's crushing season hasn't gotten any better. The Bombers are bumbling along on a three-game losing skid, and their chances of catching Montreal in the East are daunting – especially as they collide this week with the league-leading Stamps. Calgary has only lost once at home and is determined to stave off the challengers knocking on the door of the West Division. Look for Jon Cornish to continue his pursuit of the league rushing lead. Expect the Stampeders to keep hawking turnovers and limiting their own mistakes in order to preserve their top ranking.
The pick: CalgaryReport Typo/Error
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|Amestrian State Military
Colonel Mustang
Lt. General Grumman
|Guerrilla warfare
|Sidearms, explosives
|Unique Trait
|Lightning bolt hair streaks
|Supporting Roy Mustang
|First Appearance
|Chapter 61
Episode 46: Looming Shadows (2009 series)
|Voice Actor
|David Wald
|Rintarou Nishi
Charlie is a soldier in the Amestrian army. During the war, was an enlisted soldier under the command of the Flame Alchemist, Roy Mustang. When the long fighting finally ceased, Charlie brought it upon himself to speak to his distant commander and thank him for all the work he had done to keep all the men beneath him out of harm's way. He described a column of flame that would precede their every march as a flame of trust, that would inspire the infantrymen to push on without fear because they knew that their leader would not let them down. Seven years after the war, Charlie remains as a soldier in the East Area of Amestris, stationed under Lieutenant General Grumman. When it becomes apparent that his old commander is planning a coup d'etat in Central City in order to rid the government of corruption, Charlie and his friends are only too happy to return to the field. Charlie himself initiates the first attack of the coup by dynamiting the bridge on which King Bradley is traveling before heading off to Central to act as backup for the Colonel's main force. He leads the secondary team, eliminating the few Central soldiers who have managed to corner the Flame Alchemist while assuring his wounded enemies that soldiers from Fort Briggs wouldn't have bothered to leave them alive. Though devoted to the cause, Charlie reveals himself to be a staunch family man, accepting Mustang's offer to escape if the situation worsens so that he may return safely to his wife back east.
- Charlie's background and any kind of real introduction is cut from the 2009 anime. He is merely shown aiding Mustang's team in a separate group. His background and personality are inferred to only in the manga.


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Your event will come to life using our staff of special effects wizards!


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By Scott Bowles, USA TODAY
LOS ANGELES Some characters, Stanley Tucci will tell you, you take home as an actor. Others you can leave on the set.
Then there's George Harvey, the child rapist and murderer at the center of The Lovely Bones, which opens Friday.
That guy, Tucci says, "you try to go home, take a shower to wash him off you and have a drink. That was the hardest character I've ever had to play. I think because it was such a departure from anything I am or believe in."
Based on the 2002 best seller, Bones was a departure for many involved with the $64 million film.
For director Peter Jackson, Bones marked an exodus from the fantasy worlds of the Lord of the Rings trilogy and King Kong. Set in 1973 small-town Pennsylvania, Bones takes an unblinking look at a family dissolved by a murder (though Jackson concedes he gets a little trippy with his heaven sequences).
For Saoirse Ronan, a knowing 15-year-old Irish girl already drawn to adult dramas, the movie is her grimmest yet – and she was in Atonement. "This was the first time I felt like a grown-up and really absorbed the material," she says.
And for Tucci, the 49-year-old who lost his wife, Kate, to breast cancer in April, Bones was a test of how dark he could take a character and not let it invade a personal life already set on its ear. "I've seen the finished movie," Tucci says. "But to tell you the truth, I'm not sure how many times I'll be able to see it again."
That likely won't be an issue for the legions of fans of Alice Sebold's novel about a 14-year-old girl who is raped and murdered by a neighbor (Tucci) on her way home from school.
From a heaven-like perch she calls the "in-between," Susie narrates as her family, including her father (Mark Wahlberg), mother (Rachel Weisz) and grandmother (Susan Sarandon), mourn her death and try to find her killer.
Though the movie, like the book, examines unimaginable loss, Jackson and his stars find something uplifting in the story. There is a passage in the book in which Susie reflects on the strengthened relationships forged from her death, "the lovely bones that had grown around my absence."
"It was the first time I looked at heaven as a possibly real place," Ronan says.
And for all the violence that acts as the film's linchpin, Bones backs away from some key scenes of brutality, a departure that could irk die-hard fans of the novel.
Tucci doesn't care.
"I couldn't have done this movie – I don't think any of us could have done it – if the story weren't still beautiful," he says. "People relate to this book in a very personal way. That is what you have to get right, not the violence. That was the key for all of us, even if it meant going someplace we don't always like to go."
Not the Susie anyone expected
In truth, Bones was exactly where Ronan wanted to go. After filming the atmospheric fairy taleCity of Ember (2008), Ronan sought roles that reflected her maturing taste in novels and scripts.
She figured – correctly so – that Jackson would be seeking an American actress who could capture the mannerisms and flat accent of a suburban Philly girl. Still, she had her father videotape a few scenes of her acting dialogue from the book and sent a DVD to Jackson.
Jackson says he was leery before putting in the disc and done casting Susie Salmon by the time he took it out.
"We honestly assumed it would be an American actress," he says. "Then we get this beautifully shot DVD of a girl with a perfect American accent, doing dialogue from the book. There wasn't much point" in continuing the search.
Jackson says he finds many young American actresses "have a Nickelodeon quality to their acting, like they're goofing. We needed a girl who looked like she was from 1973 and who got the reality of the story. Saoirse is fiercely courageous. In a way, I like to think that Susie Salmon found us."
Finding George Harvey, though, proved difficult. While Jackson had long wanted Tucci, who impressed the director with turns in The Devil Wears Prada, Big Night and particularly his portrayal of Adolf Eichmann in 2001's Conspiracy, the actor was hesitant.
"Kate had read me parts of the book when I was thinking about taking it," he says. "I couldn't even listen to the whole book, just the parts about Harvey. I was intrigued, but I wasn't going to do the part. I just have a real problem trying to watch kids and families suffering, even in movies."
Then Tucci had a call with Jackson and his partner, Fran Walsh. "It became clear the smart choice would be to take the part," Tucci says. "They were telling an important story. It was nice to be part of an important story."
'More terrifying than a body part'
Still, stories in Hollywood have to be commercially viable. So the director, Walsh and collaborator Philippa Boyens set out to turn a brutal novel into a PG-13 film.
The territory wasn't unfamiliar for the trio, who won a raft of Oscars tackling J.R.R. Tolkien. Still, Bones' subject matter was so personal that they struggled with which relationships to kill (such as the affair between grieving mother and cop) and, more important, what graphic violence could be scaled back.
Much debate focused on, of all things, an elbow. In the book, Susie is raped, murdered and dismembered, leaving behind only that body piece and a bloodstained hat. To Tucci's relief, the trio left only the bloody hat in the film.
"In any book adaptation, you're only going to get 40% to 50% in," Jackson says. "And we didn't want to portray Susie as a victim in that kind of graphic way, with a dog carrying her elbow."
The tougher decision, the three say, was whether to excise the book's rape scene from the film. Ultimately, they did, deciding instead to focus on Tucci's next-door-neighbor killer. "It's much more effective if you can show someone who seems normal but is in no way relatable," Walsh says. "He needed to be grotesque, but innocuous. That's much more terrifying than a body part."
And a lot easier on the conscience, Tucci says. "You're already trying to play someone who would hurt a child. Gratuitous violence isn't going to add anything to that."
If the violence against children created challenges for the filmmakers, Susie Salmon's personal heaven was giving Jackson headaches.
It's one thing to create the fires of Mordor or an Empire State Building adorned with an oversized gorilla. Quite another, Jackson says, to create an afterlife that doesn't look hokey, particularly to fans of Jackson's digital wizardry.
"That was the most difficult thing I've ever done as a filmmaker," Jackson says. "As a filmmaker, you want heaven to be subconscious and intangible. But you still have to put something on the screen."
Instead of painting heaven in concrete colors, Jackson's afterlife is a shape-shifting realm that responds to Susie's thoughts and emotions. "We wanted it to speak in the language of dreams," Walsh says.
Ironically, Ronan says the toughest days of shooting Bones involved her days in heaven. "It was all green screen," she says. "I liked the scenes where it was me and Stanley alone better. Even when we were doing the tough scenes, we were close but respectful. It was uplifting in a weird way."
So is Bones, Tucci says. "It's not really about tragedy; it's about all of the good that can come from it," he says. "That's what makes the story worth telling."
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This is a page to discuss the suggestion to delete "Foster (archaeologist)".
- If you are suggesting a page for deletion, add your initial rationale to the section "Deletion rationale".
- If you want to discuss this suggestion, add comments to the section "Discussion".
- If a consensus has been reached, an administrator will explain the final decision in the section "Admin resolution".
In all cases, please make sure to read and understand the deletion policy before editing this page.
Deletion rationale Edit
Evidently we were wrong, according to ThomasHL, and this character is really supposed to be Foster (Crewman third class). --Alan 19:20, 8 May 2007 (UTC)
Discussion Edit
- Yes, there were only four achaeologists, three named and one unnamed , the names of the actors are known. Paul Scott is a stuntman and stunt actor who worked on three episodes, two of them known, see his page, so a yes for deletion ;o] – Tom 19:46, 8 May 2007 (UTC)
- Delete as per Tom. -- Sulfur 04:05, 13 May 2007 (UTC)
Admin resolution Edit
- Deleted, - 1 vfd & 1 stub --Alan 13:59, 14 May 2007 (UTC)


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Published Saturday, May 10, 2008
Conservative Christians question investigations
WASHINGTON (AP) - Nearly two-dozen conservative Christian leaders have signed a letter to the Senate Finance Committee questioning an investigation into six large ministries that preach a gospel of prosperity.
The letter argues that the 6-month-old inquiry sets a dangerous precedent. It also suggests that the ministries were targeted for sharing "the same branch of evangelicalism" and promoting "socially conservative public policy positions such as support for the traditional definition of marriage."
Although the ministries under scrutiny are conservative theologically, they are not at the forefront of the culture wars issues championed by the leaders who are now rallying to their side.
The six ministries in question - led respectively by Kenneth Copeland, Creflo Dollar, Benny Hinn, Eddie Long, Joyce Meyer and Paula and Randy White - have denied wrongdoing. Some have pledged full cooperation, and others have either refused or provided limited information.
Jill Kozeny, a spokeswoman for Sen. Charles Grassley, said the investigation is not concerned with church doctrine but with the adequacy of tax-exempt laws that have not been substantially changed since 1968.
Vatican orders records kept from Mormons
SALT LAKE CITY (AP) - The Vatican has ordered Roman Catholic dioceses worldwide to withhold member registries from Mormons who perform posthumous baptisms.
The order, first reported by Catholic News Service, was issued by the Vatican Congregation for Clergy. Officials said the step was taken to prevent members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from baptizing by proxy their Catholic ancestors.
Monsignor Terrence Fitzgerald said the Catholic diocese in Utah already has a policy to restrict baptismal records only to those entitled to see the records.
Posthumous baptism is a rite practiced in Mormon church temples for the purpose of offering membership in the church to the deceased. Church members are encouraged to conduct family genealogy research and forward their ancestors' names for proxy baptism.
Evolution bills die in Florida Legislature
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) — Hotly debated evolution bills that critics said would inject religious doctrine into public schools in the guise of science died on the final day of the legislative session.
House and Senate supporters, mostly Republicans, were unable to resolve their dispute about two versions of the legislation before the close of the session.
The Senate favored a bill that would have prohibited school officials from punishing teachers who used "scientific information" to challenge evolution. A House bill would have gone farther, not just allowing such challenges but requiring that schools teach "critical analysis" of evolution.
The Senate version was based on model legislation advocated by the Discovery Institute, a Seattle organization that supports research on intelligent design. That theory holds that some features of the universe and living things can be explained by an "intelligent cause."
Some advocates claim their efforts are scientific in nature but a federal judge in Pennsylvania ruled that intelligent design is a religious concept.
Copyright 2008 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
Copyright © 2008 The Columbia Daily Tribune. All Rights Reserved.
The Columbia Daily Tribune


text:
ENNISKILLEN Business Partnership (EBP) is calling on the financial support of the town's business people to ensure its Meet Me Down The Town street festival can go ahead and be a success as planned this summer.
A letter has been sent out which outlines the plans to date for the event on August 9 and requests a donation of �20 from each participating business.
As a follow up, festival committee members have been stopping in with businesses on Townhall Street, High Street and Church Street to discuss the program for the day and how everyone can get involved.
Fermanagh District Council has awarded EBP with funding towards the street fair which will run from 2pm until 10pm on the day.
According to Chairman of the Partnership, Joe Kelly, it is hoped the festival will become a permanent fixture in Enniskillen's event calendar.
"MMDTT, which aims to be an annual fair, will bring footfall directly into the Enniskillen Town Centre where there will be activities and other events that will boost both the day and evening economies and help towards bolstering the community spirit that is emerging in the town," he said in the letter.
"This event really needs the support of Enniskillen businesses to work," he added.
It is proposed that participating businesses will move out on to the streets of the County Town for the day.
Shops are being encouraged to organise a special sale or provide a service outdoors to add to the fair like atmopsphere.
The Council has agreed to erect bunting, provide waste receptacles, picnic tables and chairs throughout the town centre and there will also be stage for live music.
Under EBP's plans, East Bridge Street will be a hub for children's activities while dancing and music will take place on the Diamond.
There will also be live music on Church Street. The group is also planning to host a series of pub games in the evening stopping outside the participating pubs where the events will take place. There are plans to open part the town's thoroughfare to pedestrians from Townhall Street through to Church Street throughout the day. "Because we have a large area to work with we are inviting any business within the Enniskillen area to take part in this event," said Mr Kelly, "We will find a space for you to trade or inform the public of your local business." The Chairman said EBP would be rolling out a marketing plan in the coming weeks to drum up awareness of the Meet Me Down The Town festival.


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text:
First two substances peer reviewed for listing in new Report on Carcinogens
By Robin Mackar
A panel of experts concurred with the National Toxicology Program's preliminary decision to list 1-bromopropane and cumene as reasonably anticipated human carcinogens, based on sufficient laboratory animal data.
These are the first two chemicals to be peer reviewed as part of a new process for evaluating substances for the 13th Report on Carcinogens (RoC).
In an open meeting that was also webcast, the panel, which met March 21-22, was charged with reviewing the draft documents, referred to as monographs, and voting on whether the scientific evidence presented supports the NTP's listing decisions. The RoC can list substances in one of two categories — known to be human carcinogens or reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens.
Each RoC monograph is comprised of a cancer evaluation component, which lays out all the information used to make a listing decision, and a substance profile, containing both the NTP's listing recommendation and a summary of the scientific information considered key to reaching that recommendation. The development of the draft monograph is one of the newer additions to the RoC evaluation process.
"We wanted to create a document that clearly illustrates how we came to our conclusions about listing a substance," said NTP Associate Director John Bucher, Ph.D.
The panel appeared to like the draft monographs. "This is about the third time I've served on a peer review committee for the NTP, and I must say you really hit your target in the way you are developing your documents and getting public input," said panel member Wayne Sanderson, Ph.D., of the University of Kentucky.
Ruth Lunn, Dr.P.H., director of the Office of the Report on Carcinogens (RoC), outlined the process for developing the documents. Next, Mary Wolfe, Ph.D., director of the NTP Office of Liaison Policy and Review, identified scientific issues in the written public comments on the substance, and asked the panel to carefully consider the public comments.
NTP health scientist Gloria Jahnke, D.V.M, gave the presentation on cumene. Cumene is a colorless liquid, primarily used to make other chemicals, including acetone and phenol. It is also found in fossil fuels, such as blended high octane gasoline and kerosene.
The panel spent time discussing whether or not a significant number of persons in the United States were exposed to cumene. Chair Lucy Anderson, Ph.D., summed up the panel conversations by saying the committee thinks that the occupational and environmental exposure data presented qualifies as significant.
The panel voted to concur with NTP to list cumene as a reasonably anticipated human carcinogen. The panel's conclusions were based on tumors found in lung and liver, but, since there was not consensus about the renal tumors, the panel decided to recommend adding renal tumors as supporting evidence for the listing.
NTP health scientist Diane Spencer walked the panel through the science of 1-bromopropane, which is a solvent used as a cleaner to degrease electronics and metals, and may be used in some dry cleaning operations. The panel agreed that the chemical is significant to public health.
Because there were no human studies to consider, Spencer presented the animal data showing the substance caused skin tumors in male rats, large intestine tumors in male and female rats, and lung tumors in female mice.
Reviewer Terry Gordon, Ph.D., of the New York University Langone Medical Center, agreed with the data presented, saying he felt the rodent data were biologically relevant to humans, but remained puzzled by the different gender effects.
Although there were few mechanistic data available, the panel generally agreed with NTP conclusions on the genotoxicity data. They felt the overall evaluation was an effective synthesis of integrating the metabolic, genotoxic, and mechanistic data with the carcinogenicity results.
The panel also discussed the role that immunosuppression may play in tumor development in animals. "Immunosuppression needs to be mentioned and emphasized more in the document," said Paul White, Ph.D., of Health Canada, with concurrence from MaryJane Selgrade, Ph.D., of ICF International.
The panel unanimously voted to list 1-bromopropane as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen, based on the animal studies presented by NTP.
The documents will be revised based on comments, placed on the public website, and shared at a public meeting with the NTP Board of Scientific Counselors.
(Robin Mackar is the news director in the NIEHS Office of Communications and Public Liaison, and a frequent contributor to the Environmental Factor.)


text:
Francis was expected to name the new cardinals at his Sunday Angelus, which he did, or at his weekly audience on Wednesday.
Though he always woke at the Angelus, he did not always wake up sober.
"The Angelus," he said, standing and bowing his head in prayer.
But when at sunset all nature rings the Angelus, we all say in our hearts, God bless the town and all its people.
The Angelus bell was sounding from the high white tower of the Iglesia.
At noon she went to her room and said the Angelus; then came dinner.
When he reached the college the Angelus had long since rung.
It was a surprise—and one of great interest to me—when I first saw peasants saying the Angelus under a northern sky.
The Angelus had sounded, and the Sacristan wished to close the church.
She was a Christian, so devout that she would have hung her head in the potato field had she heard the ringing of the Angelus.


text:
Baron Davis is living proof that you can't believe everything you read in newspapers. And in Davis' case he's overjoyed that the terminology the Charlotte Observer used to describe his injury is totally inaccurate.
With Davis' Knicks scheduled to play the Bobcats last night, the Observer made note of the "herniated disc" that has kept the guard sidelined. Problem was, there was a typographical error in "disc."
Observer executive sports editor Mike Persinger did his best to explain in a clarification today, writing:
"Observer reporter Rick Bonnell wrote the preview box, and in it he wrote that Davis, a former Charlotte Hornet, is recovering from a 'herniated disc' in his back. The box was edited by an experienced copy editor, the reporter's first line of defense, and moved along in the production process as written.
"The next stop was a final read by a second editor, another experienced employee who recognized that 'herniated disc' doesn't conform to the newspaper's style for that type of injury, and that it should be 'herniated disk.' That editor tried to type in the correction, but ended up with an unfortunate typo.
"Because part of that second editor's job is to send stories to the typesetter, the typo was moved along without another set of eyes to catch the error, and that led to what you saw in today's paper. And no doubt to a lot of snickering.
"Baron, get well soon."
The Observer's website also posted the a copy of how the mistake appeared in print, with the inference that Davis was seriously hobbled in his nether region.
Davis, who always has been known for having a great sense of humor, had fun with the typo on his Twitter page, tweeting that everyone should "Excuse the person from the Observer who made a typo." He added that, "My Goldmember is not herniated."
Reid Cherner has been with USA TODAY since 1982 and written Game On! since March 2008.
He has covered everything from high schools to horse racing to the college and the pros. The only thing he likes more than his own voice is the sound of readers telling him when he's right and wrong.
Michael Hiestand has covered sports media and marketing for USA TODAY, tackling the sports biz ranging from what's behind mega-events such as the Olympics and Super Bowl to the sometimes-hidden numbers behind the sports world's bottom line.


text:
stupid football haters
stupid football haters
friggin ell sounds like 1 top weekend have fun guys
is it sat or sun were riding gizburn??
I am bringing flapjack and peanut butter fudge as steve told me to make it. i might bring some bbq coals as we might need them as steve did mention something i think
whats all this charcoal briquettes talk??
"Duct tape is like the force: It has a dark side and a light side and it holds the universe together."- Carl Zwanzig


text:
Notice: On April 23, 2014, Statalist moved from an email list to a forum, based at statalist.org.
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Re: st: cox regression - half siblings
Grethe Søndergaard <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Re: st: cox regression - half siblings
Wed, 25 Aug 2010 14:48:38 +0200
Thank you for your answer
I agree that the composition of families can be quite complex in that
both half and full siblings can appear within the same family.
Following up on your example, my plan is to include child 1 and 2 in
the full siblings dataset and all three children in the half siblings
dataset. However, the problem is that I only want to perform the half
siblings analysis on the children who indeed are half siblings, i.e.
´compare´ child 3 with child 1 and 2.. But is that possible? Or can I
only include half siblings, and no full siblings, in this dataset in
order to do this?
Thank you
2010/8/25 Maarten buis <firstname.lastname@example.com>:
> --- On Wed, 25/8/10, Grethe Søndergaard wrote:
>> I have a dataset that contains information on a population
>> born in 1980-1990. Some of the persons in this dataset are
>> siblings (both half siblings and full siblings). I want to
>> perform cox regression on the entire population as well as
>> on populations of siblings,
>> i.e:
>> - a population of individuals who are full siblings
>> - a population of individuals who are half siblings (same
>> mother,
>> different fathers)
>> - a population of individuals who are half siblings (same
>> father,
>> different mothers)
> What about the population who have no siblings, the families
> with one child...
>> The dataset includes the following variables:
>> Person_ID
>> Mother_ID
>> Father_ID
>> Health indicators
>> Education
>> I am going to use stcox to analyse my data. When I do the
>> analyses based on siblings, I use "strata" in order to
>> stratify the analysis on siblings. When doing the analyses
>> for full siblings I write:
>> stcox i.education, strata (mother_ID father_ID)
>> But what do I do, when performing the analyses on e.g. half
>> siblings
>> with the same mother but different fathers? If I only
>> stratify on mother_ID I will include all children with the
>> same mother, meaning both full siblings and half siblings
>> (with the same mother). So how is it possible to perform
>> this analysis on half siblings only?
> Say a family has three kids, two from the same mother and
> father and a third from another father, how do you define
> which child should appear in which dataset? You could add
> child 1 and 2 to the full sibling dataset and to the half
> sibling dataset (as they are half-siblings of child 3).
> That does not seem like a good solution, as now you are
> using the same observation multiple times.
> The way to solve this depends on the question and the
> theory and the data. So it can only be solved by the
> researcher.
> Hope this helps,
> Maarten
> --------------------------
> Maarten L. Buis
> Institut fuer Soziologie
> Universitaet Tuebingen
> Wilhelmstrasse 36
> 72074 Tuebingen
> Germany
> http://www.maartenbuis.nl
> --------------------------
> *
> * For searches and help try:
> * http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?search
> * http://www.stata.com/support/statalist/faq
> * http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/
* For searches and help try:
* http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?search
* http://www.stata.com/support/statalist/faq
* http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/


text:
Works in one direction only
Allows you to connect Firewire Peripherals to a Thunderbolt Connection. Does not allow you to connect Thunderbolt Peripherals to a Firewire Connection. It says so on the Apple Site but not everywhere else. If it worked in both directions this would get a 5 across the board. I guess its technically not possible otherwise they would have done it.
Was this review helpful to you?YESNO


text:
Now Justin Bieber's performed at the first big UK music festival of the summer, we want to know which festivals you're going to this year.
Justin was on the line-up alongside the likes of Cheryl Cole and Dizzee Rascal at Radio 1's Big Weekend in north Wales.
And more children than ever before are going to see live music in the summer with their families. Last year more than 10,000 kids went to Glastonbury alone.
Unfortunately this topic is now closed but there are Comments pages on other subjects on the main Chat index.
"Next weekend I am going to a music festival. Jedward, The Saturdays, Chipmunk, Diana Vickers, Daisy Dares You, The Hoosiers and many more people are performing there. Hopefully next year when Justin Bieber tours in the UK, I will go to one of his concerts."
Philippa, 13, England
"I went to see Alicia Keys recently. It was absolutely amazing. I adore her and I think she is such an outstanding singer! My mum has also just booked Michael Buble tickets too. I'm so excited!"
Ash, 11, Coventry, England
"I am going to see Justin Bieber! HE IS COMING TO OREGON SOON! I can't wait! My dad will take me!"
Marvin, 6, Oregon, USA
"I am going to see the Jijkaloolas. They are an African group. I am really looking forward to it."
Steven, 6, Tanzania, Africa
"I am going to see the Foo Fighters on Saturday. It's going to be great! I really enjoy concerts."
Harold, 8, Perth, Australia
"My dad took me to see Rage Against The Machine with him on Sunday! It was amazing! We're going to Reading Festival in the summer with my cousins."
James, 10, London, England
"I am going to Glastonbury Festival!"
Phoebe, 11, North Yorkshire, England
"I went to see Summertime Ball yesterday. Loved Justin Bieber. I am his number one fan. I love him so much."
Georgia, 13, Cambridge, England
"I went to the Summertime Ball. It was the best concert ever! My favourites were JLS, Cheryl Cole and Justin Bieber!"
Ally, 15, London, England
"I am going to the Summertime Ball as well!! I can't wait to see JUSTIN BIEBER!!"
Katy, 13, Watford, England
"I'm going to the Summertime Ball too!! I can't WAIT to see Cheryl Cole!!"
Aimee, 13, London, England
"I'm going to the Summertime Ball. I can't wait because JLS, Cheryl Cole, Rhianna and lots of other top stars are going to be there!"
Ally, 14, London, England
"I want to go to one but my mum says I am too young."
Amy, 10, Greater Manchester, England
"I went to Radio 1's Big Weekend, it was AMAZING! JLS were there and Justin Bieber!"
Zoey, 12, Leeds, England
"I can't wait to see JUSTIN BIEBER, it's going to be great!"
Hannie, 13, Cardiff, Wales
"I'm playing in the Under 18s category on my flute and violin in the Aberdeen and north-east music festival."
Emily, 10, Aberdeen, Scotland
"I have never been to a festival but I SO want to. When I am older I want to go to one and see how cool it is!"
Hinna, 13, Woking, England
"Oh, lucky you! I wish it was in France, I would definitely be there!!! Sounds fab, I want to meet Justin Bieber!"
Bethy, 13, Brittany, France
"I'm not going to any festivals but I have been to many before! I went last year and saw JLS."
Bethany, 11, Bradford, England
"I am going to the Capital Summertime Ball 2010 as well as Leona Lewis' Live Tour."
Lucy, 10, Surrey, England
"I am going to Capital FM's Summertime Ball, which has loads of great stars!"
Zara, 13, London, England
"My sister and brother are going to Reading. I wanted to go but my mum thinks I am too young."
Christie, 10, Surrey, England
"I am going to Radio 1's Big Weekend. I can't wait to see Justin Bieber!"
Gemma, 14, Wales
"I am going to Capital's Summertime Ball in London. The acts performing are Rihanna, Usher, Justin Bieber, Cheryl Cole, JLS, Ke$ha, Dizzee Rascal, Pixie Lott, Jason Derulo, Scouting for Girls, Tinie Tempah and Alexandra Burke! I am looking forward to seeing Cheryl Cole, JLS and Justin Beiber most. I can't wait!"
Alice, 14, London, England
"My mates, my family and I will be going to Radio 1's Big Weekend and Glastonbury."
Jasmin, 11, Leicester, England


text:
ARIZARD-L ArchivesArchiver > ARIZARD > 2005-02 > 1107286886
Subject: Off subject Need help with Arkansas Vital Records JIM MONTGOMERY
Date: Tue, 01 Feb 2005 19:41:26 +0000
Morn-in list
Hope this finds you all well. Cuz June Bug I am having that late cup of coffee here in South Haven Michigan and trying to help a grand kid get his birth certificate out of Arkansas. He is up here with out any ID at all. I need help in getting his birth certificate so we can get him a set of ID. Need a phone number or something so I can find out what and how to go about it so I can get it the quickest. His name is Timothy Sherman Edward Spivy, is 18 years old and was born in Little Rock Arkansas.
Thanks for any help in advance Sorry to be plugging up the list with a personal problem.
Now to let you get back to that Happy Hunt-in
Jim and Judy ( Shuck ) Montgomery
This thread:
|Off subject Need help with Arkansas Vital Records JIM MONTGOMERY by


text: never went to the consulting route seriously, was way more into finance at the time. Any way I had interview with the big as well as the small. Generally the first round were pretty decent, second round can be brutal to ok, then they definitely try to kill you in the third round (if there was one, which was the case with all the small one I interviewed back then).


text:
Arts Management
Further Information
- More help is available on-campus at the Career Services Office at SS 1600, 465-2163.
- Contact Academic Advising at SS 1600, 465-2362.
- Another service for UW System students on the Web is UW HELP On-Line. This service provides in-depth information on the programs of the UW System.
- Prof. Ellen Rosewall is the Arts Management advisor. She can be reached at email@example.com.


text:
As the newly selected mayor pro tempore for the city of Jefferson, Councilman Roy Plott doesn't expect to have too many new responsibilities.
"The main responsibility of the mayor pro tem is to fill in at City Council meetings when the mayor can't attend, but he only missed one meeting last year, so I don't expect that I'll have to fill in at too many for him," Plott said. "But he may ask me to go to other meetings outside of the council in his place."
Although Plott may not be any busier with his general City Council responsibilities, he has other ways to keep busy.
"I'm also on the board of Jefferson Better Hometown. My wife Debra and I are both very involved in that," said Plott.
Plott, a native of DeKalb County, retired from Georgia Power Co. in 2007, around the same time that he decided to get involved with City Council.
"My wife and I had been volunteering in the community for quite some time and some folks approached me about running for City Council," he said. "I thought it would be a good thing to give back to the community that I love during my retirement, so I decided to run."
In addition to politics and family, Plott has another passion.
"Both Debra and I are master gardeners, and we help out with projects all over Jackson, Barrow and Walton counties," he said.
"My dad got me into gardening; I've always had a vegetable garden. My wife and I always like to do nice things out in the yard, so I just sort of gravitate towards (gardening)."
In the time that he has been on City Council, the group has accomplished many things, but Plott says there is one that makes him especially proud.
"I am most proud of the council for putting the city in a good financial situation," he said. "We hired a great finance director and went about putting up a nest egg for the community. Right now, we are in really good shape financially, which is especially important as we go into this recession."