text:
tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70023572017-07-18T10:47:05.002-04:00Blonde Justice"Cops wanna knock me, D.A. wanna box me in. But somehow, I beat them charges like Rocky." - Jay-Z Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-1267314147634658932016-03-21T19:01:00.001-04:002016-03-21T19:01:05.168-04:00That's 4 down...
Today I made a rookie public defender mistake. I counted my eggs before they hatched. Or, more specifically, I counted my pleas before they were entered.

This morning I did the math. "If all these pleas go through, I'll have 5 fewer cases by the end of the week." And I felt satisfied.

Well, wouldn't you know it, 4 of my clients have balked at their pleas already. One balked at the plea he specifically asked me to get for him!

Back to the drawing board...
Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-13091357336013284222015-04-05T16:15:00.001-04:002015-04-05T16:15:54.617-04:00Win, Lose or Draw
Working in my office on Easter Sunday, because I really can't keep my head above water if I don't, I decide to open some inmate mail.

We have a hearing coming up this week and I want to be able to tell her, yes, I read your letter. That's the only reason I am opening it. I don't want it to fall out of my file folder unopened. I know it doesn't contain anything that will matter in our hearing. I skim through a few pages of, well, stuff I really don't need to know. "I don't have the time," I tell my client in my head, "let me get back to focusing on preparing for your hearing we actually have a shot at."

I finally get to the end, there, after her signature. I stop in my tracks.

"Win lose or draw, your effort means a lot. You are appreciated."

Working in my office on Easter Sunday, because my effort means a lot, I decide to open some inmate mail.
Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-79869129646368022162014-12-31T20:30:00.001-05:002014-12-31T20:30:27.020-05:00What's So Special About You?I recently talked to an older white man who had been arrested for DUI. He was not a client of mine, but he knew I was a lawyer and he wanted to vent to me, so I let him.

He shared that the police hadn't been fair to him, that he had tried to tell them that he wasn't drunk, that the handcuffs were too tight, that he wanted to call his wife, and the police officers had not listened to him, had refused to listen to him, had persisted in arrested him and in keeping him cuffed tightly.

"A few weeks ago," he continued, "when I heard about all of these people protesting the police, I thought they should just shut up and respect the police. But, now, I kind of see where they're coming from me. If the police treated me like this, I can believe how the police could treat them even worse."
I'm so torn about this. I've been thinking about it for days.

On one hand, of course I am sorry that this man went through this, I am sorry when anyone suffers injustice. On the other hand, maybe there is a small part of me that is glad that one more person's eyes are opened to the injustice that others face.

As I said, part of me feels bad for what this man faced. But another, smaller part of me felt like saying, "Sir, part of having compassion for your fellow man, is being able to put yourself in his shoes without ever walking a mile in them. I've never been arrested and yet I have compassion for people who suffer abuse. Why did you not believe it until it happened to you?"

What do you think? Am I wrong? Should I just be glad he sees the light now, and sorry that this happened to him? Am I judging him too harshly?Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-38943325174746285682014-12-05T15:38:00.001-05:002014-12-05T15:38:51.742-05:00Things They Should Teach In Law School
A big part of my job is making up excuses. Especially about why my clients or my witnesses are late. When I was in the big city, I relied more on train trouble. In the suburbs, "He's just parking" is my new go-to. Everyone is always "just parking." Sometimes for hours or days.

But these are the things I think they should teach public defenders in law school. That, and copier repair.

Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-83001912860121702492014-11-21T12:17:00.001-05:002014-11-21T12:17:22.866-05:00B as in Blonde...
My client left a message for me and spelled her name in the cutest way. I can't help but think that it took her some time to come up with it. I don't want to give up her name obviously but let's just say her last name was Grubs. Her message said "G as in Glitter, R as in Rainbows, U as in Unicorns, B as in Butterflies, S as in Stars." It was great! So cheerful... and I'll certainly remember to call her back! Oh, I'd better go do that!
Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-67469771987903022802014-11-10T13:50:00.001-05:002014-11-10T13:50:04.984-05:00Grumpy Justice
Step One: Identify whether you are a "loud talker."

Step Two: Learn to shut your office door, especially when you are on personal calls.

Seriously, you are all the way down the hall and I can't concentrate.
Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-16956229326861880732014-08-04T23:10:00.000-04:002014-08-04T23:10:59.757-04:00Gee, Thanks.Judge, to my client, as part of the plea colloquy: And are you satisfied with the representation you have received from your lawyer?

Asshole client, who has wasted a ton of my time being an asshole client:  Well, I mean, I have some critiques to offer her...

Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-68746986372109140842014-06-03T00:47:00.002-04:002014-06-03T00:47:46.558-04:00Running WildOne of the interesting things about working in a new court is learning the new lingo. You say continuance, I say adjournment. You say FTA, I say bench warrant.

But today I heard my new favorite localism. My client was telling me about what happened with his cases in another county. "Judge gave me thirty days running wild."

(Note there is no article "the" here, always just "judge" instead of "the judge," "prosecutor" instead of "the prosecutor." If I want to assimilate, I'll have to give up the "the.")

Anyway, where was I? Oh, I followed up with, "30 days on each case? You had three cases there."

My client said, "Yeah, running wild."

It was then that I started to realize that maybe "running wild" was supposed to mean something, not just be some kind of exclamation.

"Running wild?" I asked.

"Yeah, running wild. You know, like I had to do all that time running wild."

I was so confused. How could you be running wild and doing time? If you're in jail, you're not running wild, right?

The client could sense my confusion because he then explained, "You know, 30 days then 30 days then 30 days so I had to do 90 days. Running wild."

"Oh... consecutive?" I asked.

Blank stare.

"Not concurrent?"

Nothing.

"Back to back?"

"Yeah, that's what I said. Running wild."

To-may-to, to-mah-to, consecutive, running wild, let's call the whole thing off.Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-57281721080055964022014-04-20T22:37:00.001-04:002014-04-20T22:37:54.193-04:00Meeting the Best PeopleOne thing I really like is meeting other public defenders. As my clinic teacher used to say, "Public defenders are the best people in the world."

If not the "best," they're at least usually like-minded. And in a world where our chosen profession is often misunderstood, that is no small thing.

If you are a public defender having some doubts, or experiencing "burn out," I would suggest going to a PD conference, maybe even in another state, and making some new friends. It helps to realize there are people going through the same (or worse) challenges, and people you can swap war stories with - who haven't already heard all your best ones. It's like a little spa retreat for the professional mind.

I'm not going to go as far as to say that professional development can be a form of self-care, but at least the socializing aspect can be a form of... career-care? Is there a better term for it than that?

And, never say never, some day you might be looking for a new job and those connections you made might really pay off.Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-73045851740843133762014-04-13T18:25:00.000-04:002014-04-13T18:39:57.676-04:00Self-Care for Public DefendersSelf-care is a social worker and therapist idea, basically, wherein the practitioner makes an effort to care for himself and his own mental wellbeing as a way of staying healthy and being able to persevere, successfully, in the field. In the social work field, it is taught as a "survival skill," as the University of Buffalo Social Work school noted on its website Self-Care Starter Kit, which has a lot of great resources for social work students and practitioners.

When I started out as a public defender, many years ago, I was surprised how little attention was paid to the attorneys' well-being. I distinctly remember sitting through the first-day training on health benefits, and when we got to the part about mental health, the only coverage was for in-patient mental health treatment and in-patient drug and alcohol treatment. Even then, not having experienced it, I thought, "Wouldn't this be a profession where it'd be nice to talk to a therapist or something once in a while?"

But what I learned is that, at least in the offices I've worked in, self-care was largely ignored. All the therapy you needed was in a pint at the pub with colleagues. And, don't get me wrong, I think collegiality is important, but maybe that's how we ended up as the profession with the highest alcoholism rates? (Attorneys in general, not public defenders. I've never seen stats on alcoholism among different legal fields.)

In the offices where I've practiced, to talk about being "burnt out" was to be seen as someone who couldn't handle the job, someone who wasn't a "true believer." To struggle with how to avoid taking our clients' issues home was to be seen as naive, a rookie lawyer who didn't "get it yet."

I bring all this up because, after a lot of consideration, I have decided to reenter the world of public defense. But this time, I want to do it differently.

I'm not quite sure yet how to do it, but I want to be more cognizant of my own needs this time. I want to engage in more self-care. A google search for self-care turns up tons of information for therapists and social workers. A google search for self-care and public defense turns up articles about self-representation and self-defense. My plan is to read up on self-care and see how it can be adapted to public defense (because, after all, social worker can be one of the hats a public defender wears). One thing that I'm thinking is to research things like yoga classes and other things that will be healthy and relaxing for me and, from day one at my new office, to start by saying something like, "On Wednesdays, I have to leave by 5 p.m., I have a standing appointment." I know emergencies will come up, and that it won't always be realistic to leave early, but if it happens more often than not, I'd be happy.

Besides that... I'm not sure yet. If there's anyone out there still reading this (besides the comment spam bots), I'd like to hear from you. How do you engage in self-care?Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-2105166954308734382013-12-09T15:31:00.001-05:002013-12-09T15:39:55.926-05:00Why, Yes, I DoI went out for drinks for a friend's birthday last weekend, and got to meet a bunch of her friends. I joined the festivities late, so I was a couple of drinks behind the rest of the crowd.

Meeting my friend's friend, the first thing he asked was, "So, I heard you were a public defender?"

"Yes...." I replied, preparing myself for the worst.

"I bet you know a lot of really dirty jokes."Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-12771276370616734912013-10-02T18:01:00.001-04:002014-04-13T18:34:16.591-04:00Jumping Back In, PossiblyBelieve it or not, I have applied to be a public defender again. At a new office. In a new city.

I had an interview, and it was a little bit weird. I know a lot about being a public defender already, I know what I'm getting myself into, I can talk the public defender talk and trade war stories, but I didn't want to come across as a know-it-all.

At the end of the interview they asked me, "What questions do you have for us?" And, of course, I answered with an appropriate question.

Here are the questions I could have asked, but didn't:

1) What does my office will look like? There's a window, right? Preferably one that brings in light, not just looking out at a brick wall.

2) Tell me about your happy hours? What bar do you go to? Weekly? What night? Does everyone go, or are there certain groups?

3) What can I expect when I bring home a full acquittal? Champagne and canapés? Or beer and chips? Not that there's anything wrong with either, I just want to know what to expect.

4) Tell me who the office gossip is. I want to know who to watch out for.

5) The softball team - is it more of a drinking team with a softball problem, or is it pretty competitive? We do have a softball team... don't we?

If there's anyone still out there reading this, do you have any questions for me? Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-4397859611432233022012-11-28T22:33:00.002-05:002012-11-28T22:33:43.533-05:00Your Attention Please:Judge Carol Berkman has retired.

"I have this reputation for being a mean old bitch," Berkman, 70, said just before lunch, after hearing her last case, a gun possession, and stepping down from the bench.
Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-11081458815164919212012-03-21T22:15:00.001-04:002012-03-21T22:16:22.857-04:00Take Pause, AnonymousMy previous post, The Cops Show You a Picture of Yourself raised a good question from an anonymous commenter, who wrote:

Your comment "they don't have to show me the video" makes me take pause. Aren't individuals accused of criminal behavior entitled to be confronted with the evidence? Doesn't the Sixth Amendment entitle them to see the video?

Just to clarify before we go any further, I wrote in the original post, "I'm placed under arrest and they don't have to show me the video. They can save the video for trial..." Meaning, there is no right to see the video during the interrogation, before my arrest.

 Let's start by taking a look at the Sixth Amendment and the Confrontation Clause briefly:

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
The question is referring to the Confrontation Clause, meaning the right "to be confronted with the witnesses against him." And I agree, absolutely, that would include the right to see the video... at trial. The Confrontation Clause is a trial right, not a pre-trial or investigation right.

Ultimately, if this case went to trial, you would likely see this video at trial if the prosecution was using it as evidence against you.

Notice the two "if"s in that sentence.

First, if the case went to trial. If you took a plea deal, depending on the discovery rules in your jurisdiction and the timing of the plea, it is possible you would not see the video before your plea. Some states have very late discovery (for example, everything has to be turned over before the trial begins) and certainly, some defendants take a plea bargain well before the case proceeds that far. I think that most defense lawyers, if the video was the key evidence in the case, would ask for an opportunity to view the video before advising their client whether to take a plea deal. On the other hand, though, I can imagine a scenario where the prosecutor says, "Look, the deal is ____ today. Your client knows what he did. If I have to present the case to the grand jury and turn over evidence, the offer is going up." And, we're back to my assertion, they don't have to show you the video.

The second "if" is if the prosecution uses that video against you. Sometimes the prosecution has evidence that they choose not to use, particularly if there's a way to prove the case and protect that evidence. For example, imagine that same robbery case with the video. Let's imagine the prosecutor finds ten different people who were on the street that day. They all come in, pick you out of a mugshot book, pick you out of a line-up, and describe you perfectly. One of them even got a picture of you on his cell phone camera as you ran away. If the prosecutor decides that he feels pretty confident the jury will be convinced based on these ten witnesses and the cell phone camera photo, he may decide he doesn't want to use the video and may never have to turn it over.

On the contrary, if the prosecutor was using the video as the evidence against you, you would have a chance to confront it. To argue to the jury, for example, that the video may have been tampered with or that the footage doesn't show what it is alleged to have shown. The officer can't testify, "I saw the video and it showed the defendant committing the robbery," without showing the video for the jury - and letting the jury decide for themselves whether the video really shows what the officer says it does.

Bottom line, I agree, anonymous. It gives me pause too. A lot of the things that police are allowed to do, and a lot of things that prosecutors are allowed to withhold, give me pause too. Hopefully, you and all of the other readers will feel that same hesitation just between the officer asking you a question and you asking for a lawyer. Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-29482939966466216232012-03-20T21:08:00.000-04:002012-03-20T21:08:40.331-04:00Preach On, GideonI had two goals:

First, to find some new defense blogs to link to as I clear out some apparently-abandoned blogs.

The other was to try to write a meaningful piece on the Dharun Ravi - Rutgers - cyberbullying - "hate crime" - "bias intimidation" - "Tyler Clementi" case. But I had too many thoughts spinning around in my head, and I just wasn't ready to organize them all yet.

Instead, I found this excellent blog post When hard cases make bad law: Why the Rutgers Conviction is Wrong that says it all much better than I could. And in the process, I've found Gideon Speaks - a new (to me) defense blog!

Two birds, one stone.Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-34448237787489139642012-03-18T10:52:00.000-04:002012-03-18T10:52:33.100-04:00The Cops Show You a Picture of YourselfThis happens every day, so let's deal with it.

The police come to your house or a detective calls you into the police station, and they show you a photo. It's a photo of you, but you're not doing anything bad, just walking down the street, let's say.

The police officer asks you, "Is this you?"

You should respond, "I'm not answering any questions without a lawyer present."

Yes, even though that photo doesn't show anything bad and maybe the officer says something like "We just need to clear possible suspects," or "As soon as we know if this is you, we can exclude you as a suspect." But, you should know by now that the police are allowed to lie to a suspect during their investigation.

So, what happens if you say "Yeah, that's me," thinking that it can't possibly hurt you to admit to being the guy in the photo doing something totally innocent, like standing on the sidewalk? Let's be clear, the police didn't ask the question for no reason. They asked because there is some way to incriminate you with that photo.

Perhaps you're wearing the same distinctive hat they recovered from the crime scene. Or, more likely, the photo is actually a still shot from a video that shows you leaving the scene of the crime or committing the crime.

Over and over, I tell this to my clients. "The police says they have a video of the robbery, and they showed you a photo from it and you admitted that was you." And over and over, my clients say "That wasn't a video of the robbery, it was just a picture of me. There was no robbery in that picture."

But that's the point. The police don't show you the photo of you actually committing the crime. Then you would never admit it was you, and that would not make their job any easier.

Let's imagine, for a moment, that I killed someone. I walked right up to a woman on the street and stabbed her in the back. I dropped the knife and walked off. If the detective showed me a photo of me stabbing the woman in the back and said "Is that you?" I would say, "No, of course not!" Because I'm at least that smart. But if the detective showed me a photo of myself two minutes earlier, or two minutes later, when I'm just walking down the street, no knife in my hand, I might say "Yeah, that's me. Why?"

I'm placed under arrest and they don't have to show me the video. They can save the video for trial and say "Here's the photo Ms. Justice admitted was her. And here's where we got that photo from." Then the prosecutor could play the video that shows me stabbing the woman and walking away, and pause it at the spot that they printed and say "And is that the same scene you printed and Ms. Justice admitted was her?" The detective would say "Yes it is." And they have just proven my identity.

That's not to say I don't have some other defense. Maybe there's a self-defense argument or a causation argument. But, if I didn't have the knife on me when the police arrested me, and the police didn't find my clothes with the victim's blood on them, maybe my lawyer would have an easier time arguing, "That could be any female with blonde hair! That could even be a man in a blonde wig!" Now that argument is gone, and my lawyer better be able to come up with something else.

So, that's my advice: When the police show you a picture and say "Is that you?" do the same thing you should do when the police ask you any question. Say, "I'm not answering any questions without a lawyer present." And then keep your mouth shut.Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-39686328848634743332012-02-26T09:38:00.001-05:002012-02-26T09:44:37.850-05:00Prison for ProfitHere's an interesting article:

Basically, this corporation, Corrections Corporation of America, has offered to buy states' prisons, in exchange for a 20 year management contract, plus an assurance that the prison would remain at least 90 percent full.

So, what happens if crime goes down? What happens if prosecutors aren't getting those convictions and are pleading people out to non-incarceratory sentences? What about "alternative-to-incarceration" programs? Would the pressure be on judges to look for excuses to violate people on probation or in programs to keep the jails full?

There are other concerns pointed out in the article, including the fact that the plan doesn't necessarily save the states any money, but I have a really hard time with the idea that we, as a society, want to keep our prisons full. Shouldn't the goal of law enforcement and the court system be a decrease in crime, however utopian that may seem?Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-28888946944413134272011-06-19T22:06:00.000-04:002011-06-19T22:06:21.397-04:00Drug of ChoiceIf you were handed a hundred cases that are all serious felony trial cases, some of which need extensive motions or briefs, most of which need legal research and investigation, and they're all on for trial in two weeks, and you were supposed to be on vacation next week, I think there are a two approaches to choose from.

First, is what I think of as the "xanax approach." Take a deep breath, fight the anxiety, tell yourself, "I'll do what I can do, but I can't do any more than that." Chill. Use your favorite stoner as a role model. It's just a job. No matter what happens, you won't be the one to go to prison. And, perhaps, keeping a cool head will allow you to approach will help you pull through it with a cool head.

Second is what I think of as the "speed approach." Use your anxiety as a tool to work without food or sleep. Get to the office earlier and stay later. Rethink that vacation. Hey, going into the office when you're supposed to be on vacation isn't so bad, is it? It's kind of fun when you go to the office for a few hours on a Saturday, think of it that way. Even better, you can work at the beach, or wherever you were planning to go on vacation, it sure beats working in the office, doesn't it? Forget your family or friends you were planning to spend time with. If you are cranky or rude to your family or friends, that's ok, it only goes to prove that you take your job seriously and you care about your clients.

So, which are you?

I'll admit, my approach is generally the "speed approach" but I strive to find the "xanax approach," or at least a little bit of the xanax approach. Aside from an actual prescription for xanax, I don't know how to find that zen mindset. I guess you try to take it day by day, remind yourself to calm down and take a deep breath. If someone has more tips for finding that balance of productive tranquility, I'd love to hear it.

To be fair, there may be a third approach that I have seen. That involves just whining and complaining about how unfair it is, and how must work they have to do. I suppose that maybe that's part of the speed approach, but I think their time spent whining may be better spent getting the work done. Or, you know, blogging about it.Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-60274634724358657432011-04-13T20:53:00.000-04:002011-04-13T20:53:56.307-04:00Flirting Longer and Harder
I first met my client a few days ago. He is kind of homeless-looking and had a long rap sheet full of long prison bids. He had just been arrested and he was very angry. He didn't want to talk, he wanted to shout at me. Among the things he shouted at me was, "I DON'T TRUST COPS, I DON'T TRUST JUDGES, AND I DON'T TRUST LAWYERS!" It seemed we had a lot in common, if only he'd stop shouting. He banged on the walls, he banged on the desk, and I waited patiently through quite a bit of shouting when finally he cut the interview short, walking out of the booth and insisting the guards come and take him out. That was ok with me, I needed to meet with other clients and this meeting was not productive. I figured I'd see him in a few days (there was no chance of him getting out) and maybe at that time he'd be a little calmer and able to communicate.

I saw my client again today. The first thing he said to me, to his credit, was "Were you the same lawyer I met a few days ago? I really owe you an apology. I was so angry, I just really needed to calm down. I'm really sorry I was so disrespectful. Can you accept my apology?" I told him I accepted his apology, and I was happy to start off with a clean slate and talk about his case. As I was talking about his case, though, he had other things on his mind. "You've got a nice smile. I can't believe I yelled at a nice lady with a beautiful smile like that. Are you married? I could take you to dinner sometime. When I get out." I was able to redirect him and we talked a little about his case and the plea offer the prosecutor was extending.

"I'll take that plea," he told me, "but see if you can get it down a little lower. A little lower would be better." I told him that I'd talk to the prosecutor and see if we could get the offer a little lower. Satisfied, my client went back to asking me if he could take me to dinner.

After a few minutes, I told the client that I would step out to talk to the prosecutor to try to get the sentence he was looking for, and I'd come back to let him know how it went.

The prosecutor was willing to go along with our counteroffer, after just a little persuasion. I went back into the jail pens to give my client the good news. He was happy, and even more eager to take me to dinner.

"Listen," he said, "I was serious about taking you to dinner when I get out. I really am. I know that will be a long time from now, but you never know where life will lead you. You know, we don't always find love where we're looking for it. Sometimes it's right in front of our eyes and we don't even see it."

I tried again to redirect his attention to the case, "Alright, we're going to go see the judge soon, and you can take the deal today if you want to get this over with. Or we can get an adjournment, if you want more time to think about it."

"No, no, I want to get this finished today." Then, finally, my client made his last ditch attempt. "I didn't get a chance to tell you what I do for a living. I know, it's my fault, because I was yelling at you. But I want to tell you. I make pornos. That's what I was actually doing in the city when I got arrested. I make pornos. I was here to make pornos. You might not recognize me, but some people recognize me. Can I take you out to dinner when I get out?"

Oh, well now that you put it that way... why didn't you mention that sooner?Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-61993875947843709532011-04-10T00:19:00.002-04:002011-06-19T20:56:44.541-04:00Assisting by Being "Ineffective"This week, the blawg world was abuzz about incompetent and ineffective criminal defense attorneys.

I'm not excusing the practices of attorneys [accused of being ineffective], but all of this talk of ineffective assistance of counsel has me wondering - Is it always a bad thing to be called "ineffective," if it potentially helps your client? Or, to put it another way, is it ever a good thing to be ineffective, or at least called "ineffective," for your client's sake?

For example, not that long ago, the appellate court overturned a case that an an acquaintance of mine had tried. I think my acquaintance is a good lawyer, and the decision didn't specifically name him or call him out. However, the court overturned the conviction, finding the attorney ineffective for failure to investigate the defendant's alibi. In fact, the decision was kind of confusing, I think that even if this defendant's "alibi" had been proven, it would not have been impossible for the defendant to commit this crime, just less likely (if you believe that you're less likely to commit a crime when you're coming from somewhere legitimate, like work). I may not have investigated that alibi - it doesn't prove the defendant didn't commit the crime, so I'm not sure that it would have been helpful.

Should the trial lawyer have been embarrassed that his case was overturned? After all, the defendant will get a new trial, and there's always a chance that if witnesses or evidence have disappeared, he may get a better plea offer or his case may not be retried at all. If it helps your client, and doesn't provide much more than embarrassment to you (my acquaintance won't lose his job, so the only other consequences I can imagine are bad publicity and maybe an increase in malpractice rates), is that worth it?

Moreover, what if my acquaintance did, in fact, investigate the alibi? What if the attorney did speak to one witness who said "We can't be sure that your client was at work that day - he missed a lot of days, and we don't keep those kind of records." How would the appeal lawyer know that? And, hence, how would the appellate court know?

I know that sometimes trial attorneys are called by appellate attorneys and are asked if they made certain decisions strategically or if they advised their client of certain things. But if you don't know, you don't remember, or you didn't make any note of it, and it can help your client, is that a bad thing?

If I was called now about a case I handled a few years ago (pre-Padilla), and asked "Did you advise this client of the immigration consequences of this plea?" I would probably go through the file to refresh my recollection. There are some cases where I would have to answer in the affirmative, if I had made specific notes to my file. But there would be some, or many, files that would be silent as to the issue. If I honestly don't remember, and it could save my client from deportation, is it a bad thing if the appellate court calls me ineffective for not advising my client or not making adequate notes?

I also don't know (and maybe a lawyer who handles appeals can tell me) whether raising this kind of issue on appeal invalidates the attorney-client privilege. I believe that if a client sues you, you have the right to violate privilege to tell the court exactly what you and the client did or did not discuss with the client. I haven't had either of these situations (knock on wood) so I haven't reviewed the ethical rules for these circumstances since law school. So, what if the reason why you didn't investigate the client's alibi is because the client told you "Don't bother digging up that video, it will only show me committing the crime and I wouldn't want the prosecutor to find out about it." Then, years later, he says on appeal, "If only my trial lawyer had gotten that video, that has now been destroyed, it would have shown that I didn't do it." What is your role as the trial attorney? Do you expose your conversation with the client, showing him to be a liar? Or do you let your client get a new trial even if you'll take a beating from the appellate court, and possibly in the press and the blogosphere?Blonde Justicehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-59044107195774549962011-02-08T22:06:00.001-05:002011-02-08T22:09:09.504-05:00Don't Call Me SugarA few weeks ago, I got really overwhelmed. I have this case in which my client is facing a lot of prison time, a case that will probably go to trial. The first plea offer I got in the case is about four times more than I've ever had a client get. Unless you count when I've worked with a more senior lawyer on a murder trial or something. But, as far as my very own clients, this is my first client who is facing decades.

That particular night, I didn't sleep well at all. I just kept thinking about this case, about the family that calls me begging me to get their son out of this, and, like I said, I was just really overwhelmed. And sleep deprived.

The next morning, walking to the train, I just cried. I just stopped walking and started crying. I really thought, "I just need to go in and resign, because I can't do this."

The whole day I thought about it. Am I in over my head? Can I really handle this? Am I doing my client a disservice by not somehow stepping down and letting him have a real lawyer? Am I perpetrating some kind of fraud?

At some point, I thought about that baseball movie Sugar. Did you see it? Spoiler alert. Here the short version:
Kid comes up through the rookie leagues in the Dominican Republic. His whole life is baseball. He lives at the training camp during the week, he practices all day and studies baseball related English vocabulary at night. He finally makes it to AAA ball in the U.S. and basically realizes he can't hack it. He's in a foreign country, he doesn't speak the language, he gets in fights without really knowing what's going on, and most importantly, the batters can hit his pitches. He goes AWOL from his team, goes to New York City, and gets a job as a dish washer in a diner. He never gets his big break. When I watched the movie, I can't say that he did the wrong thing. He wasn't going to make it, if he stuck around he would've been shipped home, so he decided to take his chances as an undocumented worker in N.Y.C. Most kids don't make it. Statistically at least, he probably made the right decision.

But I realized that, like Sugar, everyone reaches some kind of testing point, where either you put on your big girl panties and say, "ok, I'm going to give this the best I've got," or you cry and resign. For every Sugar that quits and doesn't make it, there's got to be a Hall of Famer who sticks with it through his jitters, right? No matter the player, they had a day when they faced someone better than them. They had their first day in the majors and thought "Am I going to be able to handle this?" and decided that they had to. Every lawyer who has ever tried a murder case must have had their first murder case where maybe they had some doubt as to their own ability.

Or maybe they never did. But then that's just cockiness. It's not like anyone can know whether they can hack it until they really try.

So, I decided: I'm here, this is what I came to do, and even if it's difficult, I'm going to do it. When I committed to the path of a public defender career a decade ago in law school, it wasn't because I wanted to handle misdemeanor drug possession cases for the rest of my life. I wanted to do to the juicy stuff. So, now the time has come. It's time to put up or shut up, fish or cut bait, shit or get off the pot. Try the case or wash dishes.

Am I the smartest or the best? I guess I'll just never be the arrogant kind of person to say that I am. But I'm pretty good. And I'm a hard worker and a fast learner. So, if I can't do it, who can?

And that is how I've reached this turning point in my career. I've decided to be a little less intimidated, a little more ready to take on challenges.

Don't get me wrong, when a client is facing a number in the double digits, maybe a number almost as long as the life I've already lived, it still bothers me, it doesn't sit well with me, maybe it never will. But I have stopped looking around for the more experienced lawyer who can rescue me, and instead realized that I am becoming that more experienced lawyer.Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-56427327289201699262011-01-22T22:07:00.001-05:002011-02-08T21:12:09.987-05:00Lunch LadyI usually eat lunch at my desk, but yesterday I grabbed lunch at a place near the courthouse. While I ate, two men sat down at the table next to me. I wasn't trying to listen to their conversation, but, well, our tables were really close together. I quickly figured out that they were finance-types, and then tried to block out their finance-related conversation (because I wouldn't understand it anyway). But then I just happened to hear one of the men drop the words "public defender" at the end of his sentence. I tuned back into the conversation to hear the other man reply:

I knew two lawyers who were public defenders. They were really great lawyers. Really smart and really hard-working. You know, they just have to keep fighting for justice. It's like, they're always the underdogs, and they just always have to keep fighting. They really have to be persistent. I would say public defenders are the best lawyers. They have to be.
I'll tell you, that may have been one of the best lunches I've had in a long time. It may have been more expensive than bringing a sandwich to gulp down at my desk, but, as they say, it was priceless. I hope to be back to that place.Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-87263008144880923572010-09-25T23:57:00.002-04:002011-02-08T21:13:14.670-05:00One Two Princes Stand Before YouWhen I was in college, one of my favorite things to do, when I came home to my room drunk, was to blast my stereo (I had a pretty nice stereo) and sing aloud to the radio. I thought I had a really good voice when I was drunk. (It never occurred to me that I had the auditory equivalent of "beer goggles," of course.)

It was more fun that my friends' idea of drunk fun, which was to stop at the computer lab (yes, we had those, no, most people did not have their own computers in their rooms) and send drunk emails that they didn't remember the next day.

I thought of that tonight when I came home tonight and heard Spin Doctor's Two Princes on the radio. And before you do the math and figure I must have been 18 or 21 (depending on the legal drinking age wherever you are) in 1993, let me just say that I wasn't. It's just that sometimes radio stations play song from a few years earlier.

But, seriously, I was really good at singing that song.

..that's what I said now...Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-27474596848426021282010-08-25T21:08:00.000-04:002010-08-25T21:08:05.236-04:00Yo-Yo PapaSomething WotL wrote pulled me from my writer's block and reminded me of a story from earlier this summer. I was in the courthouse, late in the day, sitting in the hallway outside of a courtroom, waiting for the prosecutor to come out so we could talk.
A guy sat next to me, with a big instrument in a case. He asked me, "Let me ask you something, is this judge a good judge?"

(I hate that question. If I say "Yes, he's a good judge," and this guy or his family or whoever he's there for gets thrown in jail, it looks like (1) the lawyer, who is probably my public defender colleague, did a bad job and couldn't even get a good disposition out of a "good" judge and (2) I support, and think a judge is "good" who puts people in jail. On the other hand, if I say "Not really, he's bad," I risk the guy (a) freaking out, worried that he or his family member will be going to jail, leading to many more questions for me and/or (b) saying something like "Even that blonde lawyer in the hall thinks you're an asshole, Judge.")

So, I said, "They say that he's fair."

I figured the next question would be something like, "Let me you ask this, if someone got arrested for..." so I preempted that question with "What do you have there in that case?"

"My cello," he said.

"You going to play a little concerto for the judge? Music soothes the savage breast?"

The guy laughed, "Not a bad idea, but really I'm playing in a wedding tonight. If this judge lets me out of here. If he doesn't, well, I hope they'll at least let me find someone to take my cello home."

"Maybe you can tell the Judge that if he puts you in jail some poor bride's wedding will be ruined. Or offer to play for him as your community service."

Just then, the prosecutor I was waiting for walked out, and the man I was talking to said "They're calling me, I'd better go in there." I wished him luck as he dragged his cello into the courtroom.

The prosecutor and I stood there in the hallway, discussing an upcoming case, when a few minutes later we heard the beautiful sounds of the cello come pouring out of the courtroom.

And, amazingly, everyone in the busy courthouse hallway stopped, for just a few seconds, to look toward the courtroom door and to listen. A couple that had been arguing quieted. Their kid, in his stroller, stopped crying for their attention. For a minute, the sometimes inhumane courthouse seemed like an almost heavenly place.

I hope that the cellist got to leave the courthouse that night, and made it to the wedding. Making the courthouse a kinder, softer place seems like an invaluable community service to me. Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7002357.post-24117212753542955632010-07-18T17:12:00.000-04:002010-07-18T17:12:36.810-04:00Tin Foil ApartmentI had a client once who lived in a Tin Foil Apartment.

The foil, of course, helped to keep the Jews from reading his mind. Or so he told me. I kind of figured that if they had mind reading technology, a thin layer of aluminum foil probably wouldn't matter, but what do I know.

(image from Apartment Therapy)

My client ended up in a hospital, not on the Apartment Therapy website.

I'm not quite sure where he went wrong. Maybe because he didn't "tuft" the walls.Blonde Justicehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Welcome to the Ethernet Alliance Library. There is so much history to learn about and even more activities taking place regarding Ethernet that it is critical to have a vast repository of information available to all. This library provides an archive of Press Releases, Whitepapers, Webinars and Videos from within the Ethernet Alliance and outside the organization.
Each resource provides access to records, activities and details on Ethernet including standards, interoperability demonstrations and other important events, ongoing initiatives, works in progress, work completed, awards and recognition, and future programs and goals.
For submissions to the Ethernet Alliance Library or to request copies of Ethernet Alliance Library materials, please email us at email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Scott Courts the Hispanic Vote
Gov. Rick Scott is making a concentrated push to reach out to Hispanic voters in what will likely be a tight re-election campaign. But that push is leading Scott to abandon the hard line he took four years ago against illegal immigration.
Scott on Monday signed into law a bill that guarantees in-state tuition rates to high school students living in the country illegally. The new law offers in-state college tuition rates to undocumented students who had attended a Florida school for at least three years before graduation. Scott opposed the idea in 2011, but polls show Hispanic voters overwhelmingly behind the move.
The current in-state rate is a quarter of what out-of-state students pay.
The Republican governor has taken a series of steps to ramp up his Hispanic outreach. Scott just last week launched a Spanish radio ad, and he aired a television ad in late April.
Copyright: AP/Photo: Office of the Governor


text:
2 conference presentation Videos.
See Facebook Page conferences.
Your current filters are…
from Latest Trends for Facebook pages at LeWeb 2011, 7th-9th December 2011
Added 5 years ago
from Going beyond creating a Facebook page at LeWeb 2011, 7th-9th December 2011
Browse and track events by topic
Follow @lanyrd on Twitter.
Lanyrd on Facebook
· Blog
· Services
· Colophon
+ Cookies · Email us


text:
Prosperity Classic Drops
These earring's beautiful deep green onyx stones symbolize growth as it helps remove obstacles and create forward movement on one's path.
About the Designer:
Designer Elle Cage uses her gifts in the healing arts and blends them with her passion for sacred jewelry in designing and creating Love Spells Jewelry. Each piece is handmade with loving intention in her studio, tucked away in the mystical forests of the Catskill Mountains.
Each Love Spell is individually handcrafted. They are unique and may vary slightly from piece to piece. All Love Spells are made with quality, responsibly-sourced materials. using only genuine precious and semi-precious stones. Gold components are 14/20k GF "rolled gold" which comprises layers of pure gold rolled over a base metal like sterling silver.
Unworn merchandise with tags attached is returnable within 14 days for a refund or 30 days for an exchange or store credit.
Items purchased from the Sale section can be returned for exchange or store credit only.
Please include return card with your return.Need help? Call us at 845-331-0717 10am-6pm M-F EST or firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
pro cool training tank top
Regular Price 139.00 SAR Now 49.00 SAR
Product Code:
The Nike Pro Cool Training Tank Top for women is best for indoor workouts. Made with Dri-FIT fabric to keep you dry all day long, the tank comes with flat seams to prevent chafing and mesh back panels for ventilation.
- Dri-FIT fabric helps keep you dry and comfortable
- Mesh back panel keeps you cool
- Flat seams move smoothly against your skin
- Stretch fabric and V-back straps feature mobility
- Fitted silhouette
- Material composition: 84% Polyester, 16% Spandex
You can return your items for free within 14 days of purchase. Returns numbers must be requested within 7 days of receiving your order and you will have a further 7 days to return unsuitable items. For more information please refer to our Returns Policy page. We deliver straight to your doorstep across the UAE and GCC; if you require further information please refer to our Shipping Policy page.
If you need any assistance please use our chat.


text:
RollerRiddles are little poems or phrases that pose a question that needs answering. Riddles frequently rhyme, but this is not a requirement.
It can roll up, it can roll down, it can roll all around, but when it rolls over, it just lays on the ground.
HintIf it rolls over, you'll do nothing but frown.
AnswerYour car. It can roll up a hill, it can roll down a hill, but if it rolls over...
What Next?
See another brain teaser just like this one...
Or, just get a random brain teaser
If you become a registered user you can vote on this riddle, keep track of
which ones you have seen, and even make your own.
Back to Top


text:
We did most of the heavy lifting for you to provide a high speed thanks to our servers provider, who give us the best severs with high performance to help you getting unlimited likes in just a short time. Additionally, we have the best tools in the world .
By using our site,we help you to get unlimited friends and new relationship with other people around the world,using out tool help you to get unlimited likes and comments , and then you will be famous.
We have a secret tool to help you to get UNLIMITED likes in your facebook account , also we help you create new relationships with all people around the world without any problem, and we manage your account to get the best new facebook offers and features.


text:
Wiki hosting applications supply users with a simple way to build a knowledge database that can be edited by assigned individuals or all visitors. AppAppeal ranks all wiki hosting apps based on worldwide popularity.
Nubera eBusiness uses its own cookies and third-party cookies. By using the website you are accepting the use of these cookies.To get more information about our cookies click here. Terms of Use · Privacy Policy


text:
B r o c k G r a y s o n Photographer
Katrina McBrideModel Female MC MINNVILLE, Tennessee, US
Mayhem # 2831387
About MeMy name is Katrina McBride.I was born and raised in Murfreesboro,TN, moved to the small town of Mc Minnville, TN where I now live.
I am a proud mother of a 2 year old boy named Ethan Hattaway.
Becoming a model is a long time dream of mine that i would love to forfill.
I am available on weekends and Monday -Friday 8:00 am- 1:00pm. Contact me for more information or any questions! Please!
Thank You!
Have you worked with Katrina McBride? Add Credits for Katrina McBride! >>
Credit NotesimagN Images
Photographer: Andre Porter
Hair: Natasha Blankenship
Makeup: Adrienne Leigh McCollum
SB photography
Photographer: Scot Birchfeild
Hair: Natasha Blankenship
Makeup: Natasha Blankenship
B r o c k G r a y s o n Photographer
Becca Yager Photography Photographer
Pegasus Photographer
BMC Photos Photographer
Cody Bryant Photographer
Millerville Photographer
Loading Content


text:
TWO burglars who forced their way into a home near Grateley in the hours of darkness attacked the middle- aged householder and left him with head injuries.
The man was hit after the intruders demanded money.
Detectives are appealing for information following the aggravated burglary at the property in Cholderton Road at 10.45pm on Wednesday, 12 December.
The offenders left the scene with two laptops.
The 53-year-old victim required hospital treatment.
Both suspects are black, aged between 25 and 30 and are around 6ft 4ins tall.
One man was wearing dark clothing and a hat and the second man was slimmer than the first suspect.
Detective Constable Rob Harrington from Andover CID said: "I would like to speak to anyone who was in the area of Cholderton Road and the Shire Horse Public House on the evening of Wednesday, 12 December and who saw any suspicious people or vehicles.
"I'd also like anyone who has heard information about this crime to come forward."
Anyone with information about the incident is asked to contact Det Con Harrington at Andover CID by phoning 101.
Two other house burglaries took place in the rural area south of Andover on the same day in which electrical items were taken but at the moment police are not linking them with this crime.


text:
The etched opal glass that is suspended from this rail kit is contemporary and streamlined at once. This contemporary, flexible ceiling rail kit comes with a length of track you can bend and shape to create your own custom installation. The modern, understated glass pendants contrast beautifully with the brushed nickel finish. All connectors, rail sections, end caps, and stand-off supports are included. A 300 watt transformer is included.
Illuminate your home with the renowned mid-century modern flair of George Kovacs designer lighting. This unmistakable look has been challenging the status quo for years with bold materials, dramatic shapes, and stunning textures. With the help of hot in-house designers like Karim Rashid and Rachel Simon, the George Kovacs line of fixtures promises to challenge conventional lighting design for years to come.
Our team has over 100 years combined experience with contemporary lighting.
Every EuroStyleLighting.com order is backed by our 100% Satisfaction Pledge.
Shipping and Delivery Information - For item EU24091 if ordered by 1 pm Pacific Time


text:
Customer Reviews 3 item(s)
3 Item(s)
- Too old-fashioned
Didn't like the narrators voice. I enjoy the Bible Experience and the ESV Bible because there are several readers, which helps me not to tune out.
- Paul's point about the indexing is...
Paul's point about the indexing is a solid one. It's all but impossible to find the epistle you want in the MP3 version, and I haven't been able to find one anywhere else. Bummer!
- Excellent voice and cadence. Very clear. The...
Excellent voice and cadence. Very clear.
The translation itself seems good too.
Only problem is lack of indexing. Hard to navigate through 14 files for the entire NT. Suggestion: index by book and chapter, via an html file.


text:
出典: meddic
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/06/09 22:54:36」(JST)
wiki en[Wiki en表示]
|This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2012)
An interview is a conversation between two or more people where questions are asked by the interviewer to elicit facts or statements from the interviewee. Although interviews are a standard part of journalism and media reporting, the focus of this piece is on how interviews can be used as a tool for psychological research. Wikipedia articles on other types of interviews (e.g., 'exit interviews', 'psychiatric interviews' are linked at the end of this article in the section marked headed "Types of Interviews".
Interview as a method for qualitative research [edit]
The qualitative research interview seeks to describe and the meanings of central themes in the life world of the subjects. The main task in interviewing is to understand the meaning of what the interviewees say.
Interviewing, when considered as a method for conducting qualitative research, is a technique used to understand the experiences of others.[1] Interviewing differs from other methods of data collection in that it is often more exploratory in nature, and allows for more flexibility. Interviewing stems from the desire to know more about the people around us and to better understand how the people around us view the world we live in: "At the heart of interviewing research is an interest in other individuals' stories because they are of worth."[1]
Thus interviewing is most effective when the goal of said research is to gain insight into the "subjective understanding"[1] of those around us. By asking participants "why" we are enabled to not only observe their behavior but to subsequently understand the meaning that underlies that behavior, and to have this meaning explained to us in the participant's own words[1]
Aspects of qualitative research interviews [edit]
- Interviews are completed by the interviewer based on what the interviewee says.
- Interviews are a far more personal form of research than questionnaires.
- In the personal interview, the interviewer works directly with the interviewee.
- Unlike with mail surveys, the interviewer has the opportunity to probe or ask follow up questions.
- Interviews are generally easier for the interviewee, especially if what is sought are opinions and/or impressions.
- Interviews are time consuming and they are resource intensive.
- The interviewer is considered a part of the measurement instrument and interviewer has to be well trained in how to respond to any contingency.
Technique [edit]
When choosing to interview as a method for conducting qualitative research, it is important to be tactful and sensitive in your approach. Interviewer and researcher, Irving Seidman, devotes an entire chapter of his book, Interviewing as Qualitative Research, to the import of proper interviewing technique and interviewer etiquette. Some of the fundamentals of his technique are summarized below:
Listening: According to Seidman, this is both the hardest as well as the most important skill in interviewing. Furthermore, interviewers must be prepared to listen on three different levels: they must listen to what the participant is actually saying, they must listen to the "inner voice"[2] or subtext of what the participant is communicating, and they must also listen to the process and flow of the interview so as to remain aware of how tired or bored the participant is as well as logistics such as how much time has already passed and how many questions still remain.[2] The listening skills required in an interview require more focus and attention to detail than what is typical in normal conversation. Therefore it is often helpful for interviewers to take notes while the participant responds to questions or to tape-record the interviews themselves to as to be able to more accurately transcribe them later.[2]
Ask questions (to follow up and to clarify): While an interviewer generally enters each interview with a predetermined, standardized set of questions, it is important that they also ask follow-up questions throughout the process. Such questions might encourage a participant to elaborate upon something poignant that they've shared and are important in acquiring a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Additionally, it is important that an interviewer ask clarifying questions when they are confused. If the narrative, details, or chronology of a participant's responses become unclear, it is often appropriate for the interviewer to ask them to re-explain these aspects of their story so as to keep their transcriptions accurate.[2]
Be respectful of boundaries: Seidman explains this tactic as "Explore, don't probe,"[2] It is essential that while the participant is being interviewed they are being encouraged to explore their experiences in a manner that is sensitive and respectful. They should not be "probed" in such a way that makes them feel uncomfortable or like a specimen in lab. If too much time is spent dwelling on minute details or if too many follow-up questions are asked, it is possible that the participant will become defensive or unwilling to share. Thus, it is the interviewer's job to strike a balance between ambiguity and specificity in their question asking.[2]
Be wary of leading questions: Leading questions are questions which suggest or imply an answer. While they are often asked innocently they run the risk of altering the validity of the responses obtained as they discourage participants from using their own language to express their sentiments. Thus it is preferable that interviewers ask open-ended questions instead. For example, instead of asking "Did the experience make you feel sad?" - which is leading in nature - it would be better to ask "How did the experience make you feel" - as this suggests no expectation.[2]
Don't interrupt: Participants should feel comfortable and respected throughout the entire interview - thus interviewers should avoid interrupting participants whenever possible. While participants may digress in their responses and while the interviewer may lose interest in what they are saying at one point or another it is critical that they be tactful in their efforts to keep the participant on track and to return to the subject matter in question.[2]
Make the participant feel comfortable: Interviewing proposes an unusual dynamic in that it often requires the participant to divulge personal or emotional information in the presence of a complete stranger. Thus, many interviewers find it helpful to ask the participant to address them as if they were "someone else,"[2] such as a close friend or family member. This is often an effective method for tuning into the aforementioned "inner voice"[2] of the participant and breaking down the more presentational barriers of the guarded "outter voice" which often prevails.[2]
Strengths and Weaknesses [edit]
When considering what type of qualitative research method to use, Qualitative Interviewing has many advantages. Possibly the greatest advantage of Qualitative Interviewing is the depth of detail from the interviewee. Interviewing participants can paint a picture of what happened in an specific event, tell us their perspective of such event, as well as give other social cues. Social cues, such as voice, intonation, body language etc. of the interviewee can give the interviewer a lot of extra information that can be added to the verbal answer of the interviewee on a question. This level of detailed description, whether it be verbal or nonverbal, can show an otherwise hidden interrelatedness between emotions, people, objects unlike many quantitative methods of research.[3]
In addition, Qualitative Interviewing has a unique advantage in its specific form. Researchers can tailor the questions they ask to the respondent in order to get rich, full stories and the information they need for their project. They can make it clear to the respondent when they need more examples or explanations.[4]
Not only can researchers also learn about specific events, they can also gain insight into people's interior experiences, specifically how people perceive and how they interpreted their perceptions. How events affected their thoughts and feelings. In this, researchers can understand the process of an event instead of what just happened and how they reacted to it.
Another advantage of Qualitative interviewing is what it can give to the readers of academic journals and papers. Research can write a clearer report to their readers, giving them a "fuller understanding of the experiences of our respondents and a greater chance to identify with the respondent, if only briefly."[3]
Now Qualitative Interviewing is not a perfect method for all types of research. It does have its disadvantages. First, there can be complications with the planning of the interview. Not only is recruiting people for interviews hard, due to the typically personal nature of the interview, planning where to meet them and when can be difficult. Participants can cancel or change the meeting place at the last minute. During the actual interview, a possible weakness is missing some information. This can arise from the immense multitasking that the interviewer must do. Not only do they have to make the respondent feel very comfortable, they have to keep as much eye contact as possible, write down as much as they can, and think of follow up questions. After the interview, the process of coding begins and with this comes its own set of disadvantages. First, coding can be extremely time consuming. This process typically requires multiple people, which can also become expensive. Second, the nature of qualitative research itself, doesn't lend itself very well to quantitative analysis. Some researchers report more missing data in interview research than survey research, therefore it can be difficult to compare populations[3]
How it feels to be a participant in qualitative research interviews [edit]
Compared to something like a written survey, interviews allow for a significantly higher degree of intimacy,[5] with participants often revealing personal information to their interviewers in a real-time, face-to-face setting. As such, this technique can evoke an array of significant feelings and experiences within those being interviewed.
On the positive end, interviewing can provide participants with an outlet to express themselves. Since the job of interviewers is to learn, not to treat or counsel, they do not offer participants any advice, but nonetheless, telling an attentive listener about concerns and cares can be pleasing. As qualitative researcher Robert S. Weiss puts it, "To talk to someone who listens, and listens closely, can be valuable, because one's own experience, through the process of being voiced and shared, is validated."[6] Such validation, however, can have a downside if a participant feels let down upon termination of the interview relationship,[7] for, unlike with figures like therapists or counselors, interviewers do not take a measure of ongoing responsibility for the participant, and their relationship is not continuous.[8] To minimize the potential for this disappointment, researchers should tell participants how many interviews they will be conducting in advance, and also provide them with some type of closure, such as a research summary or a copy of the project publication.[9]
On the negative end, the multiple-question based nature of interviews can lead participants to feel uncomfortable and intruded upon if an interviewer encroaches on territory that they feel is too personal or private. To avoid crossing this line, researchers should attempt to distinguish between public information and private information, and only delve deeper into private information after trying to gauge a participant's comfort level in discussing it.[8]
Furthermore, the comparatively intimate nature of interviews can make participants feel vulnerable to harm or exploitation.[10] This can be especially true for situations in which a superior interviews a subordinate, like when teacher interviewers his or her student. In these situations, participants may be fearful of providing a "wrong answer," or saying something that could potentially get them into trouble and reflect on them negatively.[10] However, all interview relationships, not just explicitly superior-subordinate ones, are marked by some degree of inequality, as interviewers and participants want and receive different things from the technique.[10] Thus, researchers should always be concerned with the potential for participant feelings of vulnerability, especially in situations where personal information is revealed.
In order to combat such feelings of vulnerability and inequity and to make participants feel safe, equal, and respected, researchers should provide them with information about the study, such as who is running it and what potential risks it might entail, and also with information about their rights, such as the right to review interview materials and withdraw from the process at any time. It is especially important that researchers always emphasize the voluntary nature of participating in a study so that the participants remain aware of their agency.[10]
These aforementioned power dynamics present in interviews can also have specific effects on different social groups according to racial background, gender, age, and class. Race, for example, can pose issues in an interview setting if participants of a marginalized racial background are interviewed by white researchers,[10] in which case the existence of historical and societal prejudices can evoke a sense of skepticism and distrust.[10] Gender dynamics can similarly affect feelings, with men sometimes acting overbearingly when interviewing women and acting dismissively when being interviewed by women, and same-gendered pairs being vulnerable to false assumptions of commonality or a sense of implicit competition.[10] In terms of class, participants of perceived lower status demonstrate, in some cases, either excessive skepticism or excessive submissiveness, and in terms of age, children and seniors may exhibit fears of being patronized.[10] In order to minimize these social group related negative feelings, researchers should remain sensitive to possible sources of such tensions, and act accordingly by emphasizing good manners, respect, and a genuine interest in the participant, all of which can all help bridge social barriers.[10]
Finally, another aspect of interviews that can affect how a participant feels is how the interviewer expresses his or her own feelings, for interviewers can project their moods and emotions onto those they are interviewing. For instance, if an interviewer feels noticeably uncomfortable, the participant may begin to share this discomfort,[10] and if an interviewer expresses anger, he or she is in danger of passing it on to the participant. So, researchers should try to remain calm, polite, and interested at all times.
Types of interviews [edit]
- Informal, conversational interview - no predetermined questions are asked, in order to remain as open and adaptable as possible to the interviewee's nature and priorities; during the interview the interviewer "goes with the flow".
- General interview guide approach - intended to ensure that the same general areas of information are collected from each interviewee; this provides more focus than the conversational approach, but still allows a degree of freedom and adaptability in getting the information from the interviewee
- Standardized, open-ended interview - the same open-ended questions are asked to all interviewees; this approach facilitates faster interviews that can be more easily analyzed and compared.
- Closed, fixed-response interview - all interviewees are asked the same questions and asked to choose answers from among the same set of alternatives. This format is useful for those not practiced in interviewing.
Interviewer's Judgements [edit]
According to Hackman and Oldman several factors can bias an interviewer's judgment about a job applicant. However these factors can be reduced or minimized by training interviews to recognized them.
Some example are:
- Prior Information- Interviewers generally have some prior information about job candidates, such as recruiter evaluations, application blanks, online screening results, or the results of psychological tests. This can cause interviewer to have a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward an applicant before meeting them.
- The Contrast Effect- How the evaluate a particular applicant may depend on their standards of comparison, that is, the characteristics of the applicants they interviewed previously.
- Interviewers Prejudices- This can be done when the interviewers' judgement is their personal likes and dislikes. In may include but not limited to racial and ethnic background, applicants who display certain qualities or traits and refuse to consider their abilities or characteristics.
Employment-related [edit]
- Exit interview
- Informational interview
- Job interview
- Case interview
- Programming interview
- Microsoft interview
- Telephone interview
Others [edit]
- Cognitive interview
- Computer-assisted personal vs. telephone interviewing
- Investigative interview
- Ladder interview
- Mall-intercept personal interview
- Mock Interview
- Multiple mini interview
- Online interview
- Parent-teacher interview
- Psychiatric interview
- Reference interview, between a librarian and a library user
- Repertory grid interview
- Structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interview
- Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV
Stages of interview investigation [edit]
- Thematizing, the why and what of the investigation
- Designing, plan the design of the study
- Interviewing, conduct the interview based on a guide
- Transcribing, prepare the interview material for analysis
- Analyzing, decide on the purpose, the topic, the nature and methods of analysis that are appropriate
- Verifying, ascertain the validity of the interview findings
- Reporting, communicate findings of the study based on academic criteria
Publications [edit]
Several publications give prominence to interviews, including:
- Interviews with novelists conducted since 1950 by The Paris Review
- Interviews with celebrities conducted by Interview magazine, co-founded by Andy Warhol in 1969
- The Rolling Stone Interview, featured in Rolling Stone magazine
Famous interviews [edit]
- 1957-1960: The Mike Wallace Interview - 30-minute television program interviews conducted by Mike Wallace
- 1968: Interviews with Phil Ochs - an interview of folk singer Phil Ochs conducted by Broadside Magazine
- 1974: Michael Parkinson/Muhammad Ali - television interview of Ali in his prime
- 1977: Frost/Nixon interviews - 1977 television interviews by British journalist David Frost of former United States President Richard Nixon
- early 1980s: Soviet Interview Project - conducted with Soviet emigrants to the United States
- 1992: Fellini: I'm a Born Liar - Federico Fellini's last filmed interviews conducted in 1992 for a 2002 feature documentary
- 1992: Nevermind It's an Interview - interviews with the band Nirvana recorded in 1992 on the night they appeared on Saturday Night Live
- 1993: Michael Jackson talks to Oprah Winfrey. This became the fourth most watched event in American television history as well as the most watched interview ever, with an audience of one hundred million.
- 1993: Birthday Cake Interview - an interview of Dr. John Hewson that contributed to the defeat of his party in the 1993 Australian federal election
- 2002-3: Living with Michael Jackson - a 2002-3 interview with Michael Jackson, later turned into a documentary
- 2003: February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview - Dan Rather interviewing Saddam Hussein days before the 2003 invasion of Iraq
- 2008: Sarah Palin interviews with Katie Couric - Katie Couric interviewing Sarah Palin
See also [edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Interviews
|Look up interview in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- Survey methodology
References [edit]
|This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2012)
|This article lacks ISBNs for the books listed in it. Please make it easier to conduct research by listing ISBNs. If the {{Cite book}} or {{citation}} templates are in use, you may add ISBNs automatically, or discuss this issue on the talk page. (February 2012)
- ^ a b c d Seidman, I (1998). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Seidman, I (1998). Technique isn't everything, but it is a lot. In Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
- ^ a b c Weiss, R. S. (1994). Learning from strangers, the art and method of qualitative interview studies. New York, NY: Free Pr.
- ^ Emans, Ben (1986). Interviewen; theorie, techniek en training. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff.
- ^ Seidman, Irving. Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. Teachers College Press, 1998, pg.49
- ^ Weiss, Robert. Learning from Strangers: The Art and Method of Qualitative Interview Studies. The Free Press, 1994, pg. 122
- ^ Learning from Strangers, pg. 123
- ^ a b Seidman, Irving. Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. Teachers College Press, 1998, pg.91
- ^ Weiss, Robert. Learning from Strangers: The Art and Method of Qualitative Interview Studies. The Free Press, 1994, pg. 123
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Seidman, Irving. Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. Teachers College Press, 1998
- Campion, M.A., Campion, J.E., & Hudson, J.P., Jr. "Structured Interviewing: A Note on Incremental Validity and Alternative Question Types", Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 998-1002, 1994
- Dick, Bob. Convergent Interviewing. Session 8 of "Areol-Action Research and Evaluation", Southern Cross University, 2002
- Foddy, William. Constructing Questions for Interviews, Cambridge University Press, 1993
- General Accounting Office. Using Structured Interviewing Techniques. Program Evaluation and Methodology Division, Washington D.C., 1991
- Groat, Linda & Wang, David. Architectural Research Methods, John Wiley & Sons, Inc
- Hollowitz, J. & Wilson, C.E. "Structured Interviewing in Volunteer Selection". Journal of Applied Communication Research, 21, 41-52, 1993
- Kvale, Steinar. Interviews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing, Sage Publications, 1996
- McNamara, Carter, PhD. General Guidelines for Conducting Interviews [1], Minnesota, 1999
- Pawlas, G.E. "The Structured Interview: Three Dozen Questions to Ask Prospective Teachers", NASSP Bulletin, 79, 62-65, 1995
- Trochim, William, M.K. "Types of Surveys", Research Methods Knowledge Base, 2002
- Watts, G.E. "Effective Strategies in Selecting Quality Faculty", International Conference for Community College Chairs, Deans, & Other Instructional Leaders, Phoenix, Arizona, 1993
- Schultz, Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen (2010). Psychology and work today : an introduction to industrial and organizational psychology (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. p. 71. ISBN 978-0205683581.
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
- 1. 患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient
- 2. 医師と患者の関係における患者中心の考え方 a patient centered view of the clinician patient relationship
- 3. 緩和ケア相談における初期の問診 the initial interview in palliative care consultation
- 4. 心理療法の概要 overview of psychotherapies
- 5. 物質使用障害に対する動機づけ面接 motivational interviewing for substance use disorders
- The efficacy of imagery rescripting (IR) for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial.
- Lee SW, Kwon JH.SourceDepartment of Psychology, Korea University, 5, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea. email@example.com
- Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry.J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry.2013 Dec;44(4):351-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.03.001. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a need for brief effective treatment of social phobia and Imagery Rescripting (IR) is a potential candidate. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of IR preceded by cognitive restructuring as a stand-alone brief treatment using a randomized control
- The Change Questionnaire predicts change in hazardous tobacco and alcohol use.
- Gaume J, Bertholet N, Daeppen JB, Gmel G.SourceAlcohol Treatment Centre, Department of Community Medicine and Health, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue de Beaumont 21bis - Pavillon 2, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Electronic address: email@example.com.
- Addictive behaviors.Addict Behav.2013 Nov;38(11):2718-23. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.07.004. Epub 2013 Jul 20.
- INTRODUCTION: Assessing motivation for change is deemed an important step in the treatment process that allows further refinement of the intervention in motivational interviewing (MI) and brief MI (BMI) adaptations. During MI (and BMI) sessions, motivation for change is expressed by the client as "c
- 'Some anti-malarials are too strong for your body, they will harm you.' Socio-cultural factors influencing pregnant women's adherence to anti-malarial treatment in rural Gambia
- Malaria Journal 15, 195, 2016-04-11
- 少人数ゼミ「日本語教育入門」の実践報告
- 基幹教育紀要 2, 137-148, 2016-03-30
- Clinical psychological research on women with experience of abortion early in pregnancy
- Osaka Human Sciences 2, 43-51, 2016-03
- Interviewing for Life: The Value of Your Network Recent Product Reviews Popular Posts 7 Worst Job Interview Experiences (True Stories) December 18, 2012 Never Ask a Recruiter for Advice! June 4, 2013 Top 9 Stories of ...
- Interviewing.com, Chicago, IL. 751 likes. We're a new resource devoted to providing leading content for job seekers, hiring authorities, HR... ... Life is too short to slave away at a job you hate, no matter how muc... h it pays. Here are ...


text:
The internet's not just an endless TV channel where most of the programme are about cats, you know. Okay, it is. But there are some genuinely useful things out there, too. If you can keep away from the hilarious animal mishaps and pictures of Game of Thrones characters with barely-literate life observations written above and below them, you might learn something. Imagine that - you could spend a few hours on the internet and actually come away a more intelligent, interesting person!* To get you started, here are 10 of our favourite online courses that don't cost a penny. Pick one, give it a try and let us know how you get on.
*(Personality upgrade not guaranteed).
This introduction to the basics of programming concentrates on the JavaScript language, giving you the coding skills you need to create images and animations. It's step-based and self-guided, so you can take it at your own pace.
Learn to play the guitar
Justin Sandercoe's free online guitar lessons have become fairly "internet famous", and while there's something on his site for pretty much all levels of string-strummer, this beginner's course is a fantastic way to pick up the basics, from buying a first guitar to learning chords and rhythms.
Master photo editing
For many, Photoshop remains something of an arcane mystery: we know how powerful it is as a photo-editing tool, but those icons and drop-down menus just don't mean anything to us. This 13-hour course of video tutorials from Adobe will familiarise you with the basics of Photoshop CS5, removing the mystique from things like colour correction, masks, layers and alpha channels.
Reprogram a video game
A very short course (it lasts only a day) that'll have you modifying the code for popular web game 2048 – within ten minutes of starting, you'll have created your own personal version of it, and by then end you'll have shared it online for your mates to play. It's aimed at absolute beginners, so it's a fine way to introduce yourself to things like HTML, CSS, JavaScript and Github.
Cook healthier family meals
Introduction To Child Nutrition
A self-guided, video-based course that should take you about five hours, this outlines the principles behind nutrition, why childhood obesity is rife and how you can keep your family healthier through simple, nutritious home-cooked food like stir-fries and smoothies.


text:
Are Dyson vacuum cleaners truly effective cleaning machines? What makes them different from all the other vacuum cleaners out there? For one thing, Dyson Ltd. is a trusted technology company when it comes to quality electronic appliances. More to the point, the company employs 3,100 people all over the world and sells a myriad of products that includes bladeless fans, heaters, hand dryers, and vacuum cleaners in over 50 countries.
Its Dyson vacuum line is of particular note because its founder, James Dyson, famously made 5,127 vacuum cleaner prototypes in a workshop behind his home before perfecting his design with the Dyson DC01 vacuum. Indeed, as many Dyson vacuum reviews would attest, Dyson vacuum cleaners are unique specimens because they feature certain capabilities that no other (or at least few other) vacuums possess.
What Makes Dyson Vacuum Cleaners Unique
For example, Dyson vacuums have a patented cyclone technology that spins the dirt out of the air instead of merely relying on filters and bags to trap dust. The typical Dyson vacuum cleaner benefits from this one-of-a-kind innovation by expelling cleaner air, picking up more dirt from your house, and having long-lasting suction power.
A multitude of Dyson reviews takes special care to mention the abovementioned benefit in their articles. Furthermore, Dyson vacuum cleaners come in all shapes, sizes, and forms. This allows the product line to suit your different cleaning requirements, no matter how big or small. For instance, there's the Dyson Digital Slim, the Dyson Cordless Vacuum, the Dyson Ball Vacuum, the Dyson Handheld, the Dyson Canister Vacuum, and so forth.
In terms of benefits, you can for example use the Dyson Handheld Vacuum for interior vehicular cleaning or vacuuming hard-to-reach spaces you otherwise wouldn't be able to accomplish with a regular-sized vacuum. What's more, the Dyson Slim is one of the most powerful cordless vacuums out there that provides you the portability of a handheld and the cleaning power of a dependable Dyson vacuum that uses cyclone technology: The best of both worlds.
Know More About Dyson's Vacuum Technology
Dyson vacuum cleaners are different from conventional ones because of their cyclonic separation technology. It works by throwing dust and other particles from the air stream. A conical container called the cyclone lets dirty air enter it. From there, the air will flow in a tight spiral. This centrifugal force will then remove the dust from the airflow onto the container's wall, which will then descend into a bin.
Dyson vacuum cleaners utilize several cyclone stages to purify the air stream with their centrifugal forces that can each up to 100,000 G. The brand also features air multiplier technology, which is capable of circulating air without the need for blades (the same technology used to power Dyson's bladeless fans).
Air multiplier technology works like this. First, air is sucked in by the base of the Dyson vacuum cleaner. Afterwards, this air flow is multiplied 15 times (hence the name of the feature) using entrainment and induction as well as six times by the Dyson Hot, which provides a smooth stream of air that makes air filtration a relative breeze.
Other Benefits of Dyson Vacuum Cleaners
Did you know that Dyson Ball Vacuums are capable of turning on a dime, unlike other conventional vacuums that are hard and awkward to steer thanks to their fixed wheels? It's one of the most maneuverable vacuums in existence. Its key components are located inside its ball, which gives it a low center of gravity and better stability when going around furniture and other obstacles.
The Dyson vacuum is also quite easy to repair because Dyson replacement parts are always available in all retail outlets selling the brand. To be more specific, Dyson vacuum repair is always a snap because Dyson vacuum parts aren't hard to find plus the warranty of the product will most likely cover it.
What's more, by availing of OEM (original equipment manufacturer) Dyson parts, you're always assured of quality performance, as though the newly repaired Dyson were freshly bought off the store. Your Dyson vacuum cleaners can also benefit from the Dyson promotion code, which allows you to get discounts and other incentives.
What You Can Expect Out of Different Dyson Vacuum Cleaners
As mentioned earlier, there's always a Dyson vacuum available to suit your needs. For instance, the multi-floor handheld vacuum offers robust vacuuming power while still remaining maneuverable, easy-to-recharge, and light.
Handhelds are perfect when it comes to completely cleaning rooms without dealing with the cumbersomeness of ordinary vacuums. The vast majority of Dyson vacuum cleaners also feature the aforesaid cyclonic separation technology; they only differ in scale. Some of them can also feature Dyson's multiplier technology as well.
There are also Dyson vacuums that are large yet have the maneuverability comparable to that of a lightweight vacuum or the Dyson Digital Slim. This is all thanks to a patented Ball Technology that shifts the center of gravity to a lower, more balanced place.
The Pros and Cons of Dyson Vacuum Cleaners
That's not to say the vacuum brand doesn't have its own share of faults. For instance, a handheld Dyson vacuum has problems with battery life and has limits to how big of an area it could clean. In turn, the bigger Dyson vacuums are still more cumbersome than the portable or Slim vacuums despite the Ball Technology (i.e., you can't use them in small, narrow places).
Basically, even though the smaller Dyson vacuum cleaners are still powerful vacuums in their own right, the smaller the vacuum, the less space can be cleaned, while the bigger the vacuum, the less maneuverable it'll be. Even if you invest on a Dyson Ball Vacuum, it will still cost you extra in order to enjoy both maneuverability and large-scale, wide-area vacuuming.
On the other hand, Dyson vacuum cleaners are among the most innovative vacuums out there. They feature easy-to-empty canisters, the ability to expertly clean multiple types of floors, and maneuverability that few other conventional vacuums could match. Even though this brand line does have its problems… like storage for bigger Dyson vacuums… its pros still outweigh its cons by a large margin.


text:
"I convinced the head of engineering to let me take classes and learn how to do it myself so we could have more control over the output. That's how I decided I loved it,"
Garden City, NY (PRWEB) March 13, 2014
NAPW honors Genny L. Carter as a 2013/2014 Professional Woman of the Year for leadership in engineering with this prestigious distinction. As the largest, most-recognized organization of women in the country, spanning virtually every industry and profession, the National Association of Professional Women is a vibrant networking community with over 600,000 members and nearly 400 Local Chapters.
"My circuit background makes my design work excellent. It is like trying to solve 3D puzzles and I love it," says Ms. Carter of her work as a senior printed circuit board designer. Ms. Carter was first introduced to the field as a junior engineer responsible for overseeing project PCB layouts at a start-up company. "I convinced the head of engineering to let me take classes and learn how to do it myself so we could have more control over the output. That's how I decided I loved it," she says.
Ms. Carter's initial training soon paved the way for a considerable background in electrical engineering and circuit board design that 30 years later has established her as one of the industry's finest and most knowledgeable designers. Specializing in extreme high-speed routing designs and critical routing with an excellent manufacture ability, her prowess in engineering has earned her high praise from many of the esteemed companies she has worked with, including Alliant Computer Systems, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Motorola and Azimuth Systems.
One of Ms. Carter's most notable career endeavors include her design on one of the first surface mount boards used in the U.S. and her masterful design of the board for the Mars Rover. "The fun thing about this is that my dad, who was also an engineer, designed work used on the Moon Rover!" she says. Ms. Carter continues to bring her distinguished know-how and passionate work ethic to produce the most innovative, state of the art designs in the industry.
NAPW provides an exclusive, highly advanced networking forum to successful women executives, professionals and entrepreneurs where they can aspire, connect, learn and achieve.


text:
It's small consolation that the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy has hit the Anglo-American financial markets more than the rest of Europe. Government observers on the Old Continent try to instil optimism by explaining that Brits and Americans are in more trouble because they are heavier credit card users – and so are highly in debt because they rely much more on consumer credit than savings. Also, continental analysts point out that countries like Italy, France and Germany, who rely much more on manufacturing than financial services, are better off.
But if a vague optimism holds sway in parts of Europe where financial markets are not caught up in the tempest, in Italy – where the headlines focus on the crisis of national airline Alitalia, which is close to bankrupcy – optimism is irresponsible.
The European Central Bank has certified that, in terms of economic growth, Italy is last among the Euro countries. According to Istat, the Italian national statistics institute, in the last three quarters national income has decreased and the International Monetary Fund indicates that growth expectations for the country are extremely low.
The Italian economy has stopped. On one hand there is no desire to invest on the part of enterprises, stagnation of productivity, loss of competitiveness and difficulty with exports; on the other hand there is very weak demand for consumer goods because pessimism for the future increases the inclination towards savings.
On the consumer side, fear for the future is looming: while it's true that personal debt remains low, inflation and the euro effect have doubled the prices of many goods and services in recent years, while salaries have remained the same. Italians are a lot poorer than before, which means they are having to dip into their savings until they either start spending less, or increase their personal debt.
On the industrial side, adieu renaissance. The restructuring of Italy's industry is at a dramatic halt thanks to the international market crisis, because Italy's economic growth was driven mainly by foreign trade which has now practically disappeared. Emma Marcegaglia, the president of Confindustria (the Italian Industrial Confederation), warns that by the end of 2008 Italy will be in a full-fledged recession. So if the Economist writes that "the golden days are over" in the City of London, in Milano Piazza Affari nobody cheers.
The priority of Italy's centre-right government should be the relaunch of the country's economy. However, it seems more concerned about reassuring the European commission that it will keep its promise towards public debt reduction, which won't relaunch investments and consumption in the short term. Since it's obvious that if a country stagnates, Europe won't help, economic analysts from all sides agree that to awaken the Italian economy there has to be a serious plan for tax reduction.
To avoid increasing the already enormous public deficit, this is possible only by cutting current public spending – a highly unpopular measure that so far no Italian government, right or left, has had the courage to implement. But it's the mandate of this government. Instead of tinkering with Alitalia, Berlusconi would do better to tackle the question immediately. He might, to his chagrin, not be popular anymore, but it's the reason that he was elected.


text:
- Made with 95% post consumer recycled material.
- Double Duty Handles, this style also has 2 length strap, 26 inches and 11 inches.
- Can be used on shoulder or handy, convenience.
- 15″h x 16″w x 6″d
- Art by Inaluxe.
Blue Q offers an interesting mix of goodies, including light lanterns, tin boxes, gums and skin care range etc. All are designed with cute and chic graphics and messages, getting all peer attention.
|300 g
There are no reviews yet.


text:
All Android applications categories
All in one app support wifi scanning, connection, speed testing and FTP function.
Wireless WiFi Scan & WiFi Connect is a tool can scanning around WiFi site and get more about every WiFi signals, lock and so on.
- Open WiFi
- Close WiFi
- Connect to one site of wifi
- Close the wifi connection
- Scanning WiFi around you and get a access point list.
- Searching WiFi signal detail or frequency and others.
This is a WiFi tool but also can be used as a FTP server. This FTP function make a combination between phone and computer. When you do not have USB line, this app will help you much! By getting a ftp address, you can manage or open all cellphone files on computer.
NOTE: Maybe you can not see phone files after inputting the ftp address. This is because the protecting system of computer do not allow your action. You need change port number or change computer protection system.
If you meet some problems when using cell phone internet/wifi internet, there is a speed tester tell you the running speed and internet detail condition.
More about hostpot help you understand this free app better:
A hotspot can offers Internet access over a wireless local area network by the using of a router connected to a link to an Internet service provider. Hotspots typically use the technology of WiFi.
Hotspots might can be found in coffee shops and many other public establishments in many developed urban areas in all the world.
The public can use a laptop, Wi-Fi phone, or other suitable portable device to access the wireless connection (usually use wireless Wi-Fi) provided. Of the estimated 150 million laptops, 14 million PDAs and some other emerging Wi-Fi devices sold every year for the last several years, most of them include the Wi-Fi feature.
Tags: scanner ftp wifi , wifi scan connect , scan wireless wifi gratuit , wireless test connection , wifi scanner that tests connectivity
from 8 reviews
Download Wireless WiFi Scan & Connect
Free - V0301 - 524K
Sorry ...
This app is no longer available.
Share this app


text:
In the early morning hours of August 26, 1980—29 years ago today—men wearing white jumpsuits and pretending to deliver an IBM copy machine rolled a bomb into Harvey's Resort Hotel and Casino in Stateline, Nevada, near Lake Tahoe.
So began one of the most unusual cases in our history.
FBI Case Files: The Harvey Casino Bomb
Current Status: Blessed (1)
Seeded on Mon Aug 31, 2009 1:12 PM
keyboard shortcuts: V vote up article J next comment K previous comment


text:
My Articles
January 3, 2011, 12:47 PM EST
December 29, 2010, 3:50 PM EST
CNSNews.com's 10 Most Popular Stories of 2010-- No. 1: "Arizona Sheriff: 'Our Own Government Has Become Our Enemy'"...
December 28, 2010, 4:05 AM EST
January 3, 2010, 4:34 PM EST
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the self-proclaimed Sept. 11 mastermind, shown shortly after his capture in Pakistan in this March 1, 2003 photo. He and four other Guantanamo Bay detainees will be sent to New York to face trial in a civilian federal court. (AP File Photo)
December 30, 2009, 5:53 PM EST
This photo provided by Rush Limbaugh shows Limbaugh in his Palm Beach, Fla. radio studio, the last week of Sept., 2009. (AP Photo/Photo courtesy of Rush Limbaugh)