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UFC, MMA wrestling with testosterone issues
Ultimate Fighting Championship turns 19 this year, and, like a lot of teenagers, it's trying to deal with hormones.
Mixed martial artists are routinely tested for testosterone and drugs, usually by state commissions. Some in the anti-doping world wonder whether state commissions can do enough.
"They're there to grant licenses to fight in big bouts that raise a lot of money in their states," said Travis Tygart, CEO of the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency. "They're not there as anti-doping experts, nor should they be."
They are catching some. Alistair Overeem was supposed to challenge Junior dos Santos for the UFC heavyweight title at UFC 146 on Saturday. But after a news conference in March, Overeem took a drug test. The result: a 14-to-1 testosterone-to-epitestosterone ratio, more than twice the limit of 6-to-1 mark.
USA TODAY Sports on Twitter!
To get the latest sports news from USA TODAY, including game results, columns and features, follow us on Twitter at @USATODAYSports.
Overeem appeared before the Nevada State Athletic Commission (NSAC) in April with a doctor who said he prescribed Overeem a medication mixture including testosterone without telling him what was in it. The commission denied him a license but gave him a slight reprieve: He can reapply nine months after the failed test rather than the usual one year.
This week, the commission met again and made peace with middleweight contender Chael Sonnen, who previously sat out because of testosterone use. Sonnen received a therapeutic use exemption (TUE) to use testosterone-replacement therapy.
"My opinion is that the NSAC is a joke," tweeted Victor Conte, who was at the center of the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative doping scandal and now advocates for strict testing. "I believe it's outrageous Sonnen was given a TUE. The line for a TUE in Nevada will be very long."
The conditions of Sonnen's TUE include periodic tests to ensure his testosterone isn't too high. Conte was unimpressed.
"It may be possible for Sonnen to have double the average amount of testosterone circulating in his system and still be within the normal range for serum total testosterone and below the allowable ratio," he said in an e-mail. "It makes no sense for Nevada to continue to be enabling testosterone abusers."
NSAC executive director Keith Kizer doesn't see the state's work that way. "Just because you get an exemption doesn't give you carte blanche to use whatever drug you want or in whatever quantities you want," he said at Sonnen's hearing.
Nevada also has increased out-of-competition tests, which don't take place immediately after a fight. Kizer said the state had conducted about 50 such tests in the last five years.
Sonnen was suspended after a failed test in California in 2010 following his loss to champion Anderson Silva. The case was mired in poor communication and accusations involving regulators in California and Nevada. But when Sonnen applied for exemption in Nevada, all seemed forgiven. Commission chairman Skip Avansino joked that it was amazing Sonnen had "any blood left" after all his testing and asked Sonnen to help advise Nevada on exemptions.
Nevada is one of many state commissions. But UFC is based in Las Vegas, the most popular venue for boxing and MMA. Other states must follow the drug testing policies of the combat sports hotbeds of Nevada, California and New Jersey, said Marc Ratner, UFC vice president and former NSAC boss.
Conte says Nevada should drop its testosterone-to-epitestosterone ratio limit to 4-to-1, the level used by the World Anti-Doping Agency for Olympic events and other sports.
Tygart notes the scarcity of testosterone-related TUEs in the international sports scene. Athletes under WADA's and USADA's auspices must demonstrate that their low testosterone generates from a specific condition other than prior steroid use. (Artificial testosterone can lead the body to stop producing its own.)
Kizer said in Sonnen's hearing that Nevada's TUE process was based on WADA's.
Nevada has issued three testosterone exemptions in 10 years, Kizer said at Sonnen's hearing. But he expects more athletes to apply as they become aware of testosterone therapy and as doctors start to push it.
Kizer and Tygart point to the risks of testosterone abuse — cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, enlarged breasts — as well as the risk to an opponent if a fighter manages to game the system and get an advantage.
"If you're talking about a combat sport, not only is it going to allow whoever's using to have an enhanced advantage, it's going to open the floodgates for potentially catastrophic harm to an opponent," Tygart said.
Posted | Updated


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Volume 22, Number 7 December 2, 1998
Correction: University Update's November 11 "Excellence in Teaching" profile incorrectly identified School of Information Science and Policy faculty member Millicent Lenz's teaching rank. She is an associate professor.
University Update is published by the Office of University Relations, University at Albany.
Editor: Vincent Reda • Art Director: Carol Cowulich • Editor of Photography: Mark Schmidt •
Phone: 518-442-3078 • Fax: 518-442-2560 • Email: firstname.lastname@example.com •
Web Site: http://www.albany.edu
News items should be submitted ten days prior to the publication date to the Office of University Relations, AD 233.

subset: commoncrawl


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September 13, 2006 - As Brian Jones gave instructions to his art students, some had trouble understanding what exactly he wanted from them.
Jones wanted them to sketch a white marble pedestal he placed - the teacher used the word "arranged" - at the front of the classroom. He wanted them to sketch the still life, whichever angle or part of it appealed to them.
That's it. That's all they had to do during a recent advanced art class at Marana High School.
"Decide what's important and draw what's important," Jones said.
The students seemed shocked to have such freedom.
"So it's just…" senior Marissa Mullins paused, struggling for the right word, "anywhere?"
Jones encounters this problem with many of his students. "They're so used to asking, 'What do you want me to do?'"
For much of the day, teachers tell some students exactly what to do and exactly how to do it.
No matter how much standardized testing, new technology and college pressures change the high school experience, some aspects of art class, however, remain unchanged. A paintbrush will always be a class fixture; a still life always will be still. To create, students will have to get, well, creative.
"It's been like that since the Renaissance," said Green Fields Country Day School visual arts teacher Jane Buckman.
Terry Forthum, the president of the Arizona Federation of Teachers, says this is true of other fine arts classes, such as music or drama. "All of your fine arts classes, they are based on observation and expression, as opposed to a math class where you have right and wrong answers."
Even at Green Fields, a private school that keeps its class sizes small and designs its curriculum to encourage free-thinking, Buckman thinks art classes provide a unique opportunity for students to find their own ways to express themselves.
"There's no one path," she said recently. "It's not like a straight line from start to finish. That's what's very exciting and interesting about it."
Students at Marana can take a computer-based digital art program. Catalina Foothills High School offers two classes devoted to graphic design. And, the newest class offered by the Canyon Del Oro High School fine arts department: digital photography.
Catalina Foothills fine arts teacher Maureen Byrne explains that classes in graphic design help students see the connection between their art classes and the media images constructed for television and the Internet.
Students in Catalina Foothills' highest-level graphic design class make T-shirts, tickets and posters for groups and events within the school district. Graphic design teacher Lou Garard tries to give her students experiences similar to those in the working world, where a designer's main goal often involves satisfying a client.
Once students make a connection between art class and jobs in the market, Byrne said, they more likely will consider the arts as a possible college major or career path.
Yet, some teachers say the requirements for graduating and getting into college shrink the amount of time students have for art.
Students at CDO sometimes take extra summer school classes to fit art into their busy schedules, according to fine arts department chairwoman Carolyn Seidl.
"It's harder to keep our students in the program," she worries. "They are being tugged in so many directions."
The problem isn't merely confined to art class. "You could ask the same questions about sports or any other program," Byrne contends. "Today's students' lives are complex as they try, like some adults, to do it all: school, household responsibilities, social lives, outside activities, dating, sports and on and on."
In a national Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll taken earlier this year, almost 80 percent of respondents said they were concerned that No Child Left Behind testing requirements, which include only math and English, would lessen the emphasis on art, music and history.
Their concerns appear well founded, said Forthum, of the Arizona Federation of Teachers. "(Testing) is not only squeezing out fine arts. Even science and social studies are being squeezed as well."
At Marana High, where like many area public schools students must take at least one visual or performing arts class, some teens take just one, lower-level art class to fulfill a graduation requirement.
Jones sees the most confused stares during these classes, and it's then that he has to coerce the students into not always waiting for him to tell them what to do. "I have to convince them, 'It's okay to sail off and go do your thing.'"
During class, Jones goes out of his way to highlight the individualist aspects of art for his students - "I try to keep it loose and free," he said. The teacher also remains laid back. For example, during a recent class he told his students to "be groovy" and described early-20th Century artist Robert Henri as a "hip" guy.
He reminded his students: "You don't have to apologize for the way you do art."


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This allows groups of people at two or more locations to interact live via two-way video and audio transmission. Desktop videoconferencing can be done with a low-tech webcam for little or no cost. High-end conferencing facilities provide better quality sound and video. Some systems allow conferees to share computer screens as well as live video and audio. Here are a few ways you can use videoconferencing with a class:
- Guest speaker – interview an expert alumna or invite a poet to talk to the class — ask multiple colleagues in different places to participate in a discussion.
- Field trip – ask a docent in a museum or an archaeologist at a dig to show what they are doing and seeing.
- Language practice – line up volunteers from another country for conversation.
- Performance – show a student presentation, skit, or speech to an expert evaluator.
At Note Dame
- OIT videoconferencing – Contact Jeff Miller (631-6850)
- Conferencing facilities in the IT Center (no charge)
- WebEx – a for-pay option
- Skype Kit – includes a laptop, webcam, and ClearOne speaker-microphone unit.
- Contact: 115 DeBartolo Classroom Building (631-8778) firstname.lastname@example.com
- Skype is also available on classroom podium computers.
- Sakai Meetings tool (BigBlueButton) – communicate and share content remotely — requires Flash (HTML5 client under development).
- Google Hangouts – available through the Chrome browser or as an app.
Learn more
- Google Hangouts help – also video intro and how to get started.
- Help for the Sakai Meetings tool
- Ten ways to use Skype in a course
- Classroom uses of videoconferencing
- 7 Things You Should Know About Skype
- Skype in the classroom
[updated June 2015]


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Canon Ixus 950 IS compact digital camera
If anyone can...
Finding your way around the menu is reasonably straightforward and everything is more or less where you expect to find it. Through this dual-control dial operation you can select or alter settings and even assign useful functions to the Shortcut button for one-touch access.
Of course, any compact digital camera is susceptible to daily wear and tear. LCD displays can get scratched and shutters can get damaged. The Ixus 950 IS is a camera you'll want to look after. It deserves respect. This is a compact you will be proud to show off and it definitely feels durable enough to withstand a bumpy ride even with minimal, common-sense protection - such as keeping it in a soft case. Naturally, a hard case of sorts is better and it goes without saying that the more you look after it, the better condition it will remain in.
It only takes a second both to power up the Ixus and to shut it down - a telltale sign of the high quality of this camera and one reason among many as to why it's positioned at the top end of the mid-range compact market.
Canon makes a bit of a fuss about its "Face Detection AF/AE/FE" technology: it's designed to automatically detect the subjects in the frame and selects the optimum focus, exposure and flash settings for flesh. You can tag each image based on face detection setting and shooting mode to make it easier to find for future reference.
We ultimately found this worked well sometimes but produced some less impressive results on other ocassions. It is, in essence, a feature that presents the user with a pre-programmed setting of sorts based on surrounding light conditions. Again, we got mixed results especially when photographing drunken punters in a dimly lit pub, although most images were quite reasonable and required only a little post-production Photoshopping to turn them into something resembling respectable.
This was also the much the case when using the auto-focus. It locks on very quickly in good light, often leaving us actually wondering if it had and prompting a double check. But of course it struggled a little more in darkened conditions. When in its continuous shooting mode, the Ixus 950 IS averages a rate of one frame every 1.3 seconds until the inserted SD, SDHC or MMC memory card is full - a 32MB memory card comes bundled with the camera, as there is no internal memory.


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SYDNEY: Australian Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Friday he hoped the national cricket team's tour of Pakistan would go ahead despite renewed security fears after a suicide attack killed 26 people there.
Smith condemned the violence which has followed the assassination of opposition leader Benazir Bhutto, with two suicide blasts in three days, but said he did not want the March-April tour cancelled.
"Any time that something is either deferred or delayed or cancelled as a result of extremism, whether that's a cricket tour or whether that's an election, it's a victory for extremism," Smith told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
At least 22 police and four civilians were killed on Thursday when a suicide attacker detonated a device packed with ball-bearings outside the Lahore high court, raising fears that polls delayed to next month may be put back again.
"We are very concerned about the latest bombing," Smith said.
"We of course condemned the assassination of Benazir Bhutto, we of course condemn this bombing overnight."
Cricket Australia has said it will make a decision on whether the Tests, as well as five one-day internationals and a Twenty20 match, go ahead after it completes a security assessment after Pakistan's elections.
But even if officials give the tour the green light, some Australian players are reportedly considering withdrawing from the team because of security fears.


text: The Mobile Action MA8630 MA-8630 USB Fone Data Cable Suite for the Nokia 6630 3230 6170 6230i 6230 6260 6670 7600 & 7610. It's complete in its full retail blister packaging and complete with the new V9.0 Software CD. Compatibility increases all the time, with updated handset manager software released regularly for new models. Please check out the mobile action web site to see if your phone is supported. Future upgrades and downloads are Free to Mobile Action customers only.


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PEUGEOT MEI (Maximum Essential Inside)
INTERIOR DESIGN. The consequences of the crisis are felt at all levels of the current economic system. Families reflect on the impact of their shopping budget. Manufacturers must redefine their means of design and manufacturing by combining parts or deleting them. Peugeot MEI offers a solution to this problem with an intelligently positioning. To offer the highest quality with essential equipments in a adapted interior.
Skills : This project was made to develop my sensibility in Interior design, with new codes, architecture, volumes perception and ergonomic conception. To understand all these critereas, I made the 3D on 3DS max.
Softwares :
3D Model : 3DS Max
3D Renders : 3DS Max + V ray
Post production : Adobe Photoshop
Post production : Adobe Photoshop
Thank You!


text: HEALTHY NEIGHBORS: When someone you love is hospitalized … Tuesday May 6, 2014 Sending a card is as easy as a few taps on your keyboard Whether it's a loved one's sudden need for surgery or delivery of a new baby, we want those close to us to know we're thinking of them during their hospitalization. But, in today's insanely busy world, a patient may be discharged and home before we can get to the store, select the right card and deliver it to the hospital. What you really need is a card store at your fingertips. That's where St. Elizabeth's new and novel Care Cards enter the picture. Now, with just a few taps on your computer keyboard, you can select the perfect card for your hospitalized friend or family member, add your personal thoughts, and have it hand-delivered right to your loved one's St. Elizabeth Healthcare hospital room. Our new Care Card program — provided through the generosity of the local creative firm, Seed Strategy — is a revamping and expansion of our previous patient greeting card delivery service. Now you can choose from more than 60 unique card designs covering an array of sentiments, created to speak personally to those hospitalized for everything from birth to serious illness. Cards hand-delivered twice each weekday The beautifully printed and personalized cards are delivered two times each weekday at St. Elizabeth inpatient locations in Edgewood, Florence, Ft. Thomas and Grant County, as well as our Hospice Center. "These new cards will help inspire healing, lend congratulations to new additions to the family, and bring some fun and joy to the lives of those we serve at St. Elizabeth," said Volunteer Services Director, Jenelen Dulemba. "We are very appreciative of this contribution from Seed Strategy for our patients." To create and send a Care Card to a St. Elizabeth inpatient, follow these steps: Click here to go to the Care Card page. Select a card from one of the 13 categories. Complete the brief form with your name and email, as well as the patient's name and location, and your personal message. Preview your finished card, if you choose. Click on "Deliver my Care Card." You will receive a verification email. St. Elizabeth's devoted team of volunteers will then hand-deliver your beautiful full-color card directly to your friend or family member. One final note, remember that the cards are only delivered on weekdays and cannot be sent to patients who are not admitted, those who've been discharged, those in the Emergency Department or our employees.


text:
http://www.eliterestaurantequipment.com/krowne-20101l-single-wall-mount-pot-filler-low-lead.html http://www.eliterestaurantequipment.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/265x/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/2/0/20-101l.jpg 20101L Krowne Metal
Krowne 20101L - Single Wall Mount Pot Filler - Low Lead
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Return Policy: All stocked items may be returned to us if the item has not been used and is in original packaging. In order for returns to be accepted, your items must be returned within 30 days from receipt. Please note when placing an order you agree to our return policies. Please contact a customer solutions specialist before returning an item. We will create a return authorization for you and send you an e-mail with instructions on how to complete the return. You will be credited 24-72 hours upon receipt and inspection of returned product(s). Products returned may be subject to restocking fees. All parts are non-refundable.
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Product Description
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text:
ポールちゃん Little Paul
de Authors: Daniel Graham and Jessica Wynn Artist: Dermot Jiang
Acerca del libro
This book is meant to be read the way Japanese people read their books. In order to view the book correctly, you must start from the back of the book and flip towards the front. Even the front and back cover are opposite of how English books are read.
I made this story for my Japanese literature class as the final project of the semester. There may be a mistake or two in the book, so if you notice one please let me know.
Note: The English and Japanese are not exact translations of each other. They express the same general ideas but they are not a word for word translation.
Características y detalles
Cuadrado pequeño, 18×18 cm
22 Páginas
- Fecha de publicación nov. 26, 2010
- Etiquetas children's book, children's books, short stories, short story, kid's books, kid books, Japanese, frogs, school, children, literature, Japan, interesting, bilingual, English
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by B.Murray on 12/17/2002
The Funk Brothers were the totally unheralded musicians behind all the Motown hits. The movie presents their story in a wonderful manner and the sound track is incredible. You come to realize that the singers who got all the glory were only part of the picture, these musicians were the real talent. Most of the songs are covers of the old hits with younger artists. The Funk brothers (most of whom are still alive, some have passed on) perform the instrumentals with amazing groove.
Was this review helpful to you?YESNO


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This is one of a series of videos and information about the native plants at the Mt. Cuba Center in Delaware. Of course many of the plants are native to New York as well. Watch out or you may be spending a lot of time delving into all of this great information!
Archive for January 2012
Virtual Guide to Native Ferns at the Mt. Cuba CenterJanuary 28, 2012
2012 New York Flora Association Research Awards AvailableJanuary 28, 2012
Hey students and NYFA members: NYFA has money available to help you with your botanical research in New York. Applications due March 2, 2012.
For more information see: NYFA Research Awards.
New York State Protected Plants of Forests BookJanuary 28, 2012
The Wetlands Trust and Upper Susquehanna Coalition announce the State Protected Plants of Forests in NYS book by Dudley Raynal and Don Leopold is now for sale (for $7, includes shipping) on The Wetlands Trust website.
Aaarrrrrg, Learn About the Pirate Botanist.January 27, 2012
Here is an interesting feature from NPR that shows how intrepid we botanists are. CLICK HERE to access the article.
Winter Botany Workshops Slated at Hawthorne Valley Farm in Columbia CountyJanuary 17, 2012
Winter Botany Workshop, Part 1 (co-sponsored by the Columbia Land Conservancy)
Conrad and Claudia Vispo will help you learn to identify the most common woody plant species in the winter. We will start with a brief in-door preparatory session and then go outside for some practice in the field.The workshop is free, but space is limited, so please register with email@example.com or (518) 672-7994.
Saturday, February 18th 2012, 1-4pm, Greenport Public Conservation Area in Hudson
Winter Botany Workshop, Part 2 (co-sponsored by the Columbia Land Conservancy)
Conrad and Claudia Vispo will help you learn to identify the most common woody plant species that can be observed at Greenport in the winter. The workshop is free, but space is limited, so please register with firstname.lastname@example.com or (518) 672-7994.
If You Care About Chara, Read This PostJanuary 11, 2012
Chara is a genus of algae that occurs in waters of high pH and is also known by the common name stonewort. Perhaps you have seen this light tan, pondweed-like, branching algae clogging the waters of calcareous ponds, streams, and fens (see photo). It's brittle texture results from a covering of calcium carbonate precipitate and calcium salts in the cell walls. See more about this interesting plant in the Wikipedia entry and the web page of Dr. Kenneth Karol at the New York Botanical Garden.
Dr. Karol has been working with Characeae for several years now. He uses the two volume 1964 monograph of Chara by Wood and Imahori for identifications. Dr. Karol states that this is an excellent monograph but the broad species concepts and numerous subspecific taxa make it difficult to work with. Given that this is the most recent comprehensive work on Characeae, he has a long-term goal of revising the monograph and updating the keys. If you would like to help him with his work, he needs specimens! If you come across this unique algae in the field, collect a specimen (with the permission of the landowner) and send it to him at the following address:
Kenneth G. Karol, Ph.D.
Assistant Curator
The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics
2900 Southern Boulevard
The New York Botanical Garden
Bronx, NY 10458-5126 USA
Phone: 718-817-8615
email: email@example.com
New Book: Spring Wildflowers of the Northeast, A Natural HistoryJanuary 10, 2012
Author Carol Gracie contacted us to let us know that her spring wildflower book is nearing publication. It's now available for pre-publication ordering on Amazon.com where you can click "Look Inside" to browse parts of it. The forward is by NYFA board member Eric Lamont. Carol co-authored Wildflowers of the Field and Forest with Steven Clemants. This book will be an invaluable addition to the flora of the Northeast and to all who are curious about the natural history of our beautiful spring flora.


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text:
341 members7 Comments 19 Likes
386 members92 Comments 9 Likes
665 members202 Comments 20 Likes
140 members13 Comments 6 Likes
Started this discussion. Last reply by Portnoy Aug 2, 2013. 5 Replies 0 Likes
My girlfriend of 8 months and I just broke up. I don't post here often, but it's almost easier to type out thoughts to random people that can offer objective criticism and encouragement rather than…Continue
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I've been lurking this site for a while. Reading articles and generally being amused while learning at the same time. I figured I would join the community and hopefully participate in discussion,…Continue


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Here is a round-up of the latest travel situation on the roads, railways and at airports.
Drivers are urged to drive slowly even if roads look clear and to keep plenty of distance between cars.
The collision, near Mansfield, Derbyshire, at around 0640 GMT, involved a lorry and a car. It was not yet clear whether the incident was weather-related, said the Highways Agency.
Highways Agency traffic information: 08700 660 115
AA Roadwatch: 09003 401 100
People and equipment were "out in force" to clear ice and keep trains and passengers on the move, Network Rail said.
Its Nottingham to Cardiff services will terminate at and return from Newport.
Minor changes are likely on Central's Lichfield to Redditch Cross City Line services.
Minor changes are expected on the Nottingham to Worksop Robin Hood Line timetable.
Tickets that had been valid for travel on Virgin West Coast and Virgin Cross Country services on Thursday will be valid for travel on Friday.
Virgin Trains will operate an hourly service between London Euston and Birmingham from 1000 to 1500.
It will also operate an hourly service between Euston and Manchester from 1000 to 1300.
Some morning services between Euston and Manchester Piccadilly have been cancelled.
Some morning and early afternoon services between Euston and Birmingham New Street have been cancelled.
Some morning and early afternoon services between Euston and Wolverhampton will call additionally at Watford Junction.
National Rail Enquiries: 08457 48 49 50
London Travel Information: 020 7222 1234
Stansted airport is open but as it was heavily affected by Thursday's snow, passengers are still being advised to check with their airline before leaving for the airport.
Most Popular Now | 56,514 people are reading stories on the site right now.";


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Are special occasions that celebrate the joining or union of two people.
It is a public statement that you have chosen each other above all others and wish to share the rest of your lives together as partners for life.
* Yes, same sex couples often choose to make a lifelong commitment.
* A heterosexual couple, who for personal reasons wish not to marry, may make a life long commitment to one another.
Where local laws prohibit them from marrying, same sex couples may resort to having a commitment ceremony instead.
During this ceremony the officiant or celebrant must make it clear to all present, that does is not represent a legal marriage but it does represent a moral one.
Often, older heterosexual couples, whether divorced or widowed may choose not to marry again, opting to have a commitment ceremony to mark their desire to spend the rest of their lives together.
Their reasoning in part, is often that by not marrying it will less complicate legal wills set in place years before that could involve children and property.
* Share your philosophy in approaching a commitment.
* Speak of your understanding of the meaning of partners for life.
* Share your values and beliefs.
* Share your vows of commitment with one another and with guests.
* Share your wishes, hopes and desires for one another .
* And for your future life together.
* Share your personal journey with your guests.
* State the reasons why you decided to make your commitment to one another.
* Say what you love most of all about one another.
* Prepare for your next phase of life.
* To elope and have a very special, intimate ceremony.
* A very simple, sincere ceremony, involving the officiant or celebrant, you and your partner and just your immediate family and close friends.
* A larger, personalized ceremony, involving families, friends and children from a previous relationship perhaps.
* A spiritually rich ceremony, with acknowledgements and symbolic rituals, rich in meaning for both of you.
* A ceremony with a theme - this can flow through your entire celebration.
* Giving a lot of thought to writing and personalizing your commitment vows.
* Your choice in readings and music is important, they continue to impart your feelings and thoughts to one another and can continue a theme. Music is powerfully emotive.
* Consider the addition of a traditional cultural ritual to acknowledge and honor your family ancestry. Adding a ritual can make your ceremony richer and more unique.
* Make the date chosen to celebrate your commitment to one another the anniversary of your first meeting.
* Choose a venue that has special significance for you both, the place of your first kiss or your proposal for example.
* Gives you the opportunity to share your journey with your guests.
* Allow you to state the reasons why you decided to make your commitment.
* Allow you to share what you love most of all about one another.
* Give you the opportunity to share your hopes and desires for your future together.
* Help to prepare you for the next chapter in your lives.
Elizabeth has combined all these elements into an comprehensive yet easy-to-read report packed with ceremonies to give you inspiration and to encourage you to have input into your own ceremony. To see these commitment ceremony vows and ceremonies go to the
Gay Commitment Digital Guide
Here is additional information on Commitment Vows !
Return from Commitment Ceremonies to Home


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Cerebrospinal fluid leak
Cerebrospinal fluid leak
Cerebrospinal fluid is the fluid found in and around the central nervous system (CNS) organs, the brain and spinal cord. It protects the brain and spinal cord by acting like a liquid cushion. The fluid allows the organs to be buoyant protecting them from blows or other trauma. Inside the skull the cerebrospinal fluid is contained by the dura which covers the brain. Any trauma or tear in the dura can allow the fluid to leak out creating an emergency situation.
A.D.A.M. content is best viewed in IE9 or above, Fire Fox and chrome browser.


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--jean :
I use Crosheen Crochet cotton. I layer and pin quilt just as if I were going to quilt it.
Then I lay the pinned quilt across the empty quilt frame or on a worktable. Decide where the ties are going to be;
ie, center of each block and at each corner. Now cut a very long piece of thread (about 2 yards) and using a curved needle,
make a little stitch wherever you want a tie, making sure there will be enough thread to tie when you cut between the stiches.
The tie should be a surgical knot ... this is done like a square knot except you loop the wrapping thread once more; repeat this
step when making the second loop. I defy anyone to untie this knot. Trim tie ends as desired. (These ends could also be thread onto a needle and pulled to the inside of the quilt for a neater finish.)
If you want a fluffy tie, use knitting yarn. Before finishing tie, lay 2 pieces of thread across the knot and include them in the final knotting. Trim and fluff.
A button can be added with each tie also -- front, back or both.
Using a sharp pointed needle, with a large eye and thread a length of approximately
30" of four ply yarn.
I begin in the center of the quilt and tie a square knot, every 4", first across the center
of the quilt, then I work up to the top, then come back to center and work down. I
then tie a quarter of the quilt at a time till completed. A queen size comforter
will have approximately 500 knots.
Good Luck.
World Wide Quilting Page * Question of the Week


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GENEALOGY-DNA-L ArchivesArchiver > GENEALOGY-DNA > 2002-11 > 1037731980
From: "John F. Chandler" <>
Subject: Re: [DNA] MRCA calculations
Date: Tue, 19 Nov 2002 13:53 EST
In-Reply-To: email@example.com message <email@example.com> of Tue, 19 Nov 2002 09:30:28 -0700
Orin wrote:
> Subject A is the brother of Subject B. Their father differed from both of
> them by one mutation, each on a different marker. The subjects passed
> these mutations on to their sons. What are the odds that two sons of a
> single individual would each have a mutation on different markers?
That's easy. Chance of ZERO mutations is 90%, ONE is 9%, TWO is 0.5%,
and so on. This is very unlikely, but obviously not impossible.
> One of
> the above also had a mutation at another site, Y-GATA-A10, where they
> picked up a double reading (13/14). This mutation/anomaly was NOT passed
> on to his sons. This sort of thing is not supposed to happen according to
> the tidy rules.
If it wasn't passed on to his sons, then it is presumably a coincidental
locus on some other chromosome, which happens to be ampmlified by the
same primers. Frankly, that makes A10 a bad marker to use in testing.
I wonder if that's why thes marker has not been given a DYS designation.
> I have a major discomfort with the "standard" assumptions being made as
> though mutation rates will always play by some nice tidy
> scientific/mathematical rules. They don't seem to.
The factor that giving you grief here is the essential rarity of
mutations. Anything that PROBABLY won't happen at all, but MIGHT
happen several times is going to play hob with your expectations.
> In one of our baseline families we have what amounts to 43
> transmissions. According to the tidy theory that should work out to
> .002x43x26 = 2.23 mutations. We experienced exactly 1.
Again, it's easy to figure the chances: ZERO 11%, ONE 24%, TWO 27%,
THREE 20%, FOUR 11%, and so on. If you flip a coin twice, and it
comes up heads both times, are you amazed? No, of course not. It's
roughly the same probability here.
> In other families we did experience more mutations. But the point is I
> question that you can apply the "average" theoretical mutation rate against
> any two individuals and really hope that it is going to give you accurate
> results. It may be a good "rule of thumb" but in any given instance it
> probably is not really correct.
True, but so what? Why would you need to know precisely how many
mutations you will find in a particular study? The whole field of
statistics rests on the tendency for these small-scale fluctuations
to average out after many cases have been added up. That's why
insurance companies need to be big, and that's also why companies
(and governments) that ARE big often decide to "self-insure".
> skew one way or another by the families where no mutations were encountered
> and those where several were encountered. To lump a family with a
> relatively high rate of mutation with one with a low rate of mutation seems
> to me to be wrong science. I believe there may be some other
> influences. They may be genetic or environmental but seem to impact one
> family over another and thus cause the "average" mutation rate to be
> overstated in one case and understated in another.
You may be right. However, if those other influences are not
correlated with observed factors, then they are effectively random.
If you collect enough statistics to DISCOVER such a correlation,
then you can subdivide the mutation rate into random and predictable
parts and be a lot more precise in the calculations. Note, in
particular, that a completely random mutation process will inevitably
lead to exactly the sort of disparities you are seeing.
John Chandler
This thread:
|Re: [DNA] MRCA calculations by "John F. Chandler" <>


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@ozpom & mtb
The 2 races will be shown on pay tv - Austar Ch 511 Eurosport - starting at 2.15pm on Monday arvo.....unfortunately we'll never get live coverage here.


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Find History and Adventure near Hotel's AddressPortsmouth, NH is a unique seaside city bustling with culture, wondrous attractions and the Holiday Inn Portsmouth hotel. Whether you're here for work or play, our hotel's location in Portsmouth, NH serves you well.If you're vacationing in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, our hotel's location is a great launching point. We're near historic sites like Strawbery Banke Museum, USS Albacore Museum and the Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse. We're also a short drive from the thrilling rides at Water Country. Other nearby attractions include the Kittery Outlets, Prescott Park Arts Festival and the beaches of New Hampshire and Maine.Business travelers in Portsmouth, NH appreciate our hotel's proximity to nearby companies like Liberty Mutual, Lindt, Pease International Tradeport and Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. They also enjoy our seven meeting rooms with 3,890 square feet of flexible space; access to our Business Center makes preparing for any event a breeze.While you stay in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, our hotel's amenities will satisfy your needs. Complimentary Wi-Fi access connects you to family and colleagues. Start your day with a workout in the Fitness Center, then cool off in an indoor pool. Swing by Table 21 Restaurant for a bowl of Cioppino, a guest favorite made with local seafood, or sit in the lounge and enjoy a burger and a cold beverage. Relax and join our Portsmouth, NH hotel's guests.
Casual American fare served in a comfortable atmosphere.Table 21 Restaurant & Lounge
Whether you just want to unwind with a glass of wine or work out business details over a few beers, our lounge is the place to be. You can settle back and relax in the comfortable chairs while enjoying your favorite sports on the large flat screen TVs.


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Monday, December 10, 2012
StoryPress Debuts New App To Let Users Store, Capture Memories
Austin-based StoryPress, a mobile application developer focused on apps which help people create and share memories via audio, said today that it has launched its platform this morning. The startup, which is led by Mike Davis, said its new software lets users capture and archive stories as audio books. The app--which runs on iPad--lets users record and create audio storybooks, which includes cover images, titles, and more, all of which can be shared with others via social media. The startup said its app costs $9.99 from the Apple App Store, and that it is working on a Google Play version of the app. CEO Davis said that he created the company because he couldn't find a solution to help him record and save stories from his grandmother.


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When I was a freshman at Orientation, I was overwhelmed by everything. There were so many people to meet and things to do. It seemed like a lot, but everything that I did ended up being fun. I made new friends, got free stuff on the freshmen walk out, got to know my ILA class, signed up for clubs, and played games. It was an experience that I liked so much that I wanted to repeat it by being an Orientation Leader. I really think that future students should be excited about orientation because it's a few days where you get to meet people and start your college experience! Here's a preview of what you should look forward to at orientation!
1. Matriculation. Outside of Wallace Hall will be where you begin and end your experience at Monmouth College. You may not think that it means too much now, but I cannot believe that time has gone by so fast and that at the end of the year I will be standing out front of Wallace Hall for graduation. Appreciate Matriculation for what it is, the official start to your time at college where you will learn lessons and make friends that will stay with you for the rest of your life.
2. Spending Time with Your ILA Class. At Orientation, you get to know your ILA class before you have class with them. I met three of my closest friends at college through ILA. We always sat together and walked to and from class together. It was such a great class because of the people that I befriended. Plus, it always helps to get to know people in your class because you never know if you'll need to study with or get notes from someone. It really helped me having friends in my ILA class that could study for tests and peer review papers with me.
3. Introduction to Residence Life. In your introduction to residence life, you will get to meet your Resident Assistants and Head Resident who will be the people that you ask if you ever need help with a class, have roommate problems, get locked out of your room, or anything you need help with while you are at college. Plus, at these all hall meetings, you can meet all of the people that are living in the dorm with you. You never know who might be in your art or accounting class who might also live in your building. Also, this meeting is where they talk about who will be on Hall Council, the dorm board of students who represent their floors and help RAs decide what events to put on during the year. Being part of Hall Council is a great leadership opportunity!
4. It's Great to Be a Scot Kickoff. This is one of the best parts of orientation! The orientation leaders pump you up about Monmouth College, and you get to meet many of the other new students. Plus, it is so fun running around and playing games with everyone!
5. What's It All About? I have seen these skits put on two times now and every time they still give me chills. It's great to have skits about what college situations you may encounter, and then, the chance to discuss these skits is great too. Since Monmouth College is a small college, your voice always has a chance to be heard. This is that first taste of what it means to be at a community based liberal arts college.
6. Involvement Fair. The Involvement Fair is so great for anyone who wants to get involved at college! Students who join clubs or organizations are more satisfied with their college experience and do better in classes. Also, holding leadership positions in clubs can set you apart later on a resume. Even if you think now that you do not have an interest in joining a club, Monmouth College has over 70 clubs and organizations, so chances are that there will be something that might interest you. Also, you can just put your name on all the email lists that interest you at the time and pick and choose which meetings to go to later. There are club sports, service organizations, special interest groups, college radio, college newspaper, leadership organizations, and cultural organizations.
7. You're a Scot! What does that mean? When I came to Monmouth College, I knew little to nothing about the history of Monmouth College, but I found it really interesting when I did get a chance to learn about it. Also, it's not a lecture but an interactive activity.
8. Freshmen Walk Out. You get free stuff! Need I say more? All the businesses in town come out and give you coupons, free food, bags, and pens. It's also where you will get all the menus for Chinese food and pizza places that you may be ordering from in the future. Plus, you get to see many of the businesses that you will be using while you're at Monmouth College.


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When my best friend threw me a baby shower, I had one request: "Don't make me dress up in a toilet paper diaper."
Ah, the good ole days when rules were rules and toilet paper diapers did not exist. If only we could return to a time before the dirty diaper game (that's the one where you guess which candy bar has been melted into a diaper). Someone needs to look out for all of us who don't want to taste the insides of diapers for fun.
The Emily Post Institute – an organization that "addresses societal concerns" – has turned their eye to shower etiquette in the digital age. Get a pen ready. Here are some of their suggestions:
1. Adopting? You can have a baby shower "though if the adoption is for an older child, don't use baby-themed invitations."
2. "Keep shower guests to close friends and family." So grabbing someone off the street and insisting on a gift is a no-no.
3. "It's okay to have a shower for a second or third child." Why stop there? There are still presents to be found for babies four, five and six. (See suggestion #4.)
4. "Shower hosts might consider [gifts] that focus on restocking basic items, or treats for mom and dad, such as a night of babysitting, coupons for take-out, massages, or movie tickets." I actually like this idea. How about a babysitting/movie ticket combo present? Yes, please!
5. "After your newborn arrives, be sure to share the news personally with anyone who attended a baby shower for you." That means an avalanche of photographs on Facebook isn't enough. Yes, I'm speaking to you.
Emily Post may think this is an area of concern, but personally I wish baby shower etiquette would go the way of the dirty diaper game: in the pail where it belongs.
How important is baby shower etiquette today?
You can read more from Stacie at Mama Lewis and the Amazing Adventures of the Half-Brained Baby. You can also follow her on Twitter @MamaLewisBlog. Photo: Flickr (clevercupcakes)


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Glass Skull Candle
I just love the look of X-Rays. Classic Halloween pillars that will never go out of style.
This stool is a great conversation piece. It will instantly turn any room bright!
This throw blanket is exotic and so plush! I love to throw these blankets over chairs to completely change the look of a room and to add texture.
I am renovating my home office and I'm totally getting this! I love anything unusual and glossy.
This is just cool! I love the thorns sticking out of the glass, and I love the cool amber color.Tags: home, style, glass, bowls, home decor, decor, gold, amber, accessoriesAdded 8 Years Ago from Zgallerie
I would buy new dinnerware every month if I could get away with it! This is unique and funky and I love the colors.
I am obsessed with blue....
Hand-made of shells imported from the lagoons of the Philippines and South East Asia, and are sealed with a clear lacquer for long life durability.


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Click here to view the Praying Colonels Fund brochure as a PDF.
Centre competes in 23 intercollegiate sports (11 for men, 12 for women), with 40% of the student body participating in one or more team. The College also offers 15 intramural sports in which 80% of our students participate.
Centre Athletics
With a winning athletic tradition and commitment to academic excellence, Centre College competes in 23 intercollegiate sports – 11 for men and 12 for women – with 42 percent of the student body participating in one or more sports. In addition, Centre offers over 15 intramural sports, in which 80 percent of our students participate.
Over the past two decades, Centre has had 30 student-athletes named Academic All-Americans, while 49 have earned All-American status. Two of Centre's last four Rhodes Scholars were varsity athletes, and three other student-athletes have won Fulbright Scholarships.
The Centre Colonels compete in Division III of the NCAA and the newly created Southern Athletic Association. Other SAA schools include Berry College, Birmingham-Southern College, Hendrix College, Millsaps College, Oglethorpe University, Rhodes College, and Sewanee: University of the South.
What is the Praying Colonels Fund?
A critical factor in providing our student-athletes a quality "Centre Experience" is the Praying Colonels Fund. The support received from our alumni, parents, and friends provides key financial resources for our continuing upward trajectory.
Our Praying Colonels Fund members can take pride in knowing they are directly impacting the lives of our nearly 600 young men and women who put on a Centre uniform.
At Centre, athletics and recreation operates under the vision that a liberal arts education should seek to enhance both the mind and body. We are also imparting invaluable life lessons about teamwork, servant leadership, the value of hard work, and being a part of something bigger.
The Fund has enhanced facilities, equipment needs (both team-specific and department-wide), travel, uniforms, video web streaming and technological advancements, and much more.
Praying Colonels Fund Giving Levels
Fred Vinson Society
E.A. Diddle Society
Mattie Bell Society
Cawood Ledford Society
Kitty Baird Society
$5,000 & up
Bo McMillin Society
Giving to Centre Athletics: FAQs
May I designate my gift?
YES. You may designate your gift to any one of our 23 intercollegiate teams, as well as to any of the following support functions: Sports Information, Athletic Training, Cheerleading, Dance Team, or Intramurals/Recreation.
Of course, an unrestricted gift to the Praying Colonels Fund will enhance the Centre Athletics Department as a whole – touching all 23 teams, as well as our support functions.
Does giving to the Praying Colonels Fund count toward the College's giving levels?
YES. Any gift to the Praying Colonels Fund will count toward becoming a member of the Colonels Club, the Centre Associates, and the Lifetime Giving Societies
How can I make a gift?
You can make a gift to Centre Athletics any of the following three ways:
- Give securely online here.
- Call us toll free at 877-678-9822 Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. to make a credit card gift.
- Mail your check to: Office of Development, Centre College, 600 W. Walnut Street, Danville KY 40422.


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At the League Of Women Voters-hosted debate Oct. 14, the candidates were asked if they would be willing to have the city purchase Mountain View's last orchard, owned by the Franzia family on North Whisman Road, for sports fields.
While the idea of putting fields on the site did not receive an enthusiastic response, having a park there is definitely needed, candidates said.
"That area is under-served with park space," said candidate Greg David. "They don't have anything like Cuesta there."
The 12-acre site could be the fourth largest park in the city and the only one in northeastern Mountain View.
The only problem is that the property is not for sale, but if it ever is, asking voters to pass a bond measure to pay for it would be worthwhile, said Margaret Abe-Koga. Such a measure requires a two-thirds vote, and was used to fund the creation of Cuesta and Rengstorff parks.
"I would never consider eminent domain, ever," said incumbent Jac Siegel. "But would you bring a bond measure to the people? Absolutely."
"Asking the voters whether they would be interested in a bond might be an interesting thing to do," said Mayor Ronit Bryant.
Candidates Aaron Jabbari and Dan Waylonis, both Google employees, were not familiar with the property, but said a "cost-benefit analysis" of using city funds would be the only financially responsible way to decide whether the effort is worthwhile.
What to do with Wo'O?
Wo'O of Ideafarm has become a thorn in the side of the police department — officers arrested him twice last month. For years, the homeless libertarian has parked his vehicles, usually covered with incendiary messages, along El Camino Real and Castro Street. Candidates were asked Thursday how they would handle him, with the challengers questioning the incumbents' support for the arrests.
Police arrested Ideafarm twice in September for trespassing, once for sitting in an empty room in City Hall and another time for staging a sit-in that officials say blocked the police station's records window while Ideafarm read a book about the First Amendment. Now police want his "doghouse" — a bicycle trailer he sleeps in and posts messages on — off of public property. It was parked in front of City Hall as the debate went on inside.
The incumbents sided with police, saying that it wasn't the free speech issue Ideafarm was making it out to be, although some of his messages are racist, said Mayor Bryant. It was a safety issue, they said.
"I don't believe it's because of free speech," said Abe-Koga, although "some of the messages have been offensive. The real issue has been in terms of safety. I've seen many cars almost hit him. Our staff has been talking to him, warning him. Prosecution is a last resort. He has repeatedly come forward with something to instigate" the conflict.
"At some point you have to make a call and we just have to do that."
Siegel agreed, saying that Ideafarm's doghouse almost caused several accidents at El Monte and El Camino Real, and that he witnessed junior high students almost being hit by a car because of it.
"He wants to disrupt our daily lives," Siegel said. Police "tried everything in the world to reason with the guy and didn't get anywhere."
Waylonis and David disagreed. Waylonis said it sounded like police were looking for a convenient way to put him jail.
"He sounds harmless and benign," Waylonis said. "Leaving this guy alone might be better than fanning the flames."
In the two incidents where he was arrested, "he was not violent, he wasn't threatening," David said. If police "left the guy alone he probably would have gone away."


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The size of the crowds submitting their application forms for education scholarships on interview days in the very poor districts of north-east Uganda can seem overwhelming. Sifting through the application letters, the level of need appears to be extreme.
The majority of submissions to the Mvule Trust, the charity the Guardian and Observer are supporting for their Christmas appeal this year, contain stories of family disaster or of incapacitating poverty, accompanied by strong evidence of academic persistence in the face of all obstacles. Many contain tales of frustrated ambition, of plans to study nursing or agriculture stifled by the absence of money for fees.
The letters are all handwritten on lined A4 paper, and begin the same way: "I humbly submit my application." Reference letters from former teachers underline the theme of profound hardship. "Any assistance given to this helpless girl is most welcome, they state.
There are complex instructions for how to get in touch with the applicant - contact numbers are often mobile phones belonging to the local pastor or an uncle.
Details of the new scholarships were disseminated, word of mouth, through teachers in the targeted districts to talented former students, who they knew had been forced to abandon their studies because of lack of funding. In some villages an announcement was made at church. Teachers at participating schools helped filter the applicants, but still the numbers arriving for interview ran into hundreds.
Mvule Trust staff spend around 15 minutes interviewing the applicants to try to gauge the level of their commitment to studying and the intensity of their need.
Josephine Abalo, Mvule's programme manager, and her colleagues check their exam results to make sure they are eligible for further education, before asking a series of questions designed to build up a picture of the individual's life.
Applicants are asked how many meals they eat a day, whether their home is a grass thatched hut or made from bricks, how far they have to walk to find water, whether both parents are living and how many siblings depend on the parents' income.
Claims that they have lost parents during the rebel insurgency or from Aids are checked with their schools. Students are asked to articulate why they think they will make good use of the opportunity. Gradually the charity's workers build up an impression of which people are needy, determined and academically bright. The number of students who can be helped will depend on the generosity of Guardian and Observer readers.
If applicants are uncertain about what to study, Mvule's employees will encourage them to think about vocational courses that could offer them a swift route to generating an income – in areas like forestry, teaching, agriculture and nursing.
Mvule aims to put more girls through college than boys – 75% of the scholarships will go to goals - recognising that girls face extra obstacles when trying to get an education.
Girls are often hurried into marriage rather than education, because, in the words of one Mvule scholar,: "Parents say of girls who are not married 'you are not filling our dreams, you are only filling the latrines'."
Difficult stories
Abalo relates her own moving story of how her scholarship (offered by another Ugandan charity) helped her to get to university after the death of her mother from Aids. Her father had been killed when she was very young, and she was left caring for three orphaned younger siblings, at the same time as studying for A-levels. Now that she has found work with the Mvule Trust, she is sponsoring her siblings through their education.
"I passed through the same situation. I used to think what I experienced was so bad, but when you see what others have been through it is even worse," she says. "Sometimes you feel so bad because you want to help all of them but you can't."
Once an applicant is offered a scholarship, Mvule makes a cash transfer to the college where they have been accepted, and this money will cover both fees and living expenses. Workers from the charity will provide the necessary equipment – such as books and pens - as well as a supply of sanitary towels for girls. The absence of these relatively expensive items are one of the key triggers for girls to drop out of education.
Abalo stresses that every person who is sponsored through further education is highly likely to go on to offer support to a network of siblings, relatives and neighbours in their local community.
Mvule's founder, Cathy Watson, agrees. "People here are not pursuing their own very individualistic agendas; they are deeply linked to their communities and their families," she says. "The minute they start earning, they start supporting families. A gain from one person is a gain for a whole network of people – their families, their neighbours, their parish."
Her argument is echoed by Simon Lokodo, minister of state for industry and technology in the Ugandan government. "The idea is to educate people, provide them with skills and help them find employment. Once you have one person employed you can be sure that five other people will have their mouths filled and their school fees paid," he says.


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These authors contributed equally to this work.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Physiological pregnancy is associated with an increase in lipids from the first to the third trimester. This is a highly regulated response to satisfy energy and membrane demands of the developing fetus. Pregnancy disorders, such as pre-eclampsia, are associated with a dysregulation of lipid metabolism manifesting in increased maternal plasma lipid levels. In fetal placental tissue, only scarce information on the lipid profile is available, and data for gestational diseases are lacking. In the present study, we investigated the placental lipid content in control
Physiologic pregnancy is associated with a broad spectrum of metabolic adaptations, including increased metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. Previous studies have found that there is an increase in triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels during pregnancy [
On the other hand, elevated maternal triglyceride levels during early pregnancy have been associated with pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia [
Other studies have found that in addition to elevated triglyceride levels, women who subsequently developed pre-eclampsia had significantly higher blood concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and increased LDL/HDL ratios compared to control subjects [
A previous study demonstrated that placental fatty acid composition is determined by the fatty acid content in the maternal liver and the maternal plasma [
Changes in cholesterol to phospholipids (Ch:Pl) ratios in the placenta have important consequences for placental function and transport. A previous study showed that the Ch:Pl ratio of the syncytiotrophoblast basal plasma membrane decreases during pregnancy [
A study by Staff
In the present study, we investigated the lipid content of the placenta proper, with a focus on phospholipid levels and composition, in control
To assure reliable data collection, different methods and sample collection protocols for placental tissue samples were reviewed and validated by (i) testing the reproducibility of the lipid isolation and measurement procedures and (ii) comparing tissue samples collected from different locations within the placenta to exclude differential lipid distribution.
To determine the between-runs assay imprecision (CV) including the extraction process, lipids were extracted in duplicates from nine adjacent parts of the same (control) placental sample and analyzed for cholesterol, sphingomyelin (SPH), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in separate experiments done on nine different days (in duplicates). Analysis of the combined data shows that the CVs for all parameters were <17% (
To determine potential physiological differences in the lipid distribution within the placenta, samples were collected from the central (C), paracentral (medial, M) and peripheral (lateral, L) parts of six different (control) placentas and evaluated with respect to their cholesterol and phospholipid composition (
Previous research on lipids during pregnancy has focused mainly on maternal blood, and thus little data is available on the lipid profile in placental tissue. The main objective of this study was to characterize and quantify selected lipid groups, especially phospholipid classes, in control
In this study, we found an increased lipid content in the placenta proper in pre-eclamptic patients compared to normotensive controls (
Phospholipids comprise different glycerophospholipid and sphingophospholipid classes, including SPH, PC, PS, PI and PE [
Although the etiology and pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia is still not fully understood, key pathophysiological characteristics include maternal vasospasm, placental ischemia, endothelial dysfunction, activation of blood coagulation, and an increased inflammatory response [
In our study, lipids were increased in pre-eclamptic tissue compared to term control samples. This included cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipids. Though the increase of cholesterol and triglycerides (data not shown) was not statistically significant in whole placental tissue, these results are reflective and in agreement with previous studies showing that an increased lipid profile of maternal blood during early pregnancy is positively correlated to an increased risk of pre-eclampsia.
Although the bulk of fetal cholesterol is synthesized
One of the hypotheses associated with the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is based on the presence of hypercoagulation in the placental circulation. Previous studies have also linked a hypercoagulable state (thrombophilia) to severe obstetric pathology, such as intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) [
As the placenta is responsible for nutrient and waste exchange between mother and fetus, placental transport and metabolism of lipids are critical events for fetal development and survival. Biochemical abnormalities in lipid metabolism may account for the disrupted transport across the syncytiotrophoblast in pre-eclampsia. Indeed, previous studies have found impaired transport systems across the placenta in pathological pregnancies [
Cholesterol and phospholipid efflux from various tissues is mediated via ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, in particular ABCA1 [
The study was approved by the cantonal ethical committee, Bern, Switzerland. Samples of placental tissues from controls (
Tissues were collected from the villous tree within one hour after delivery. To minimize blood contamination, each piece of tissue was intensively washed in DPBS (Gibco, Paisley, UK). Tissue samples were then snap-frozen and stored at −;80 °C.
Tissue samples (500–600 mg of material) were homogenized in 0.9% NaCl and centrifuged at 4 °C for 60 min at 1600×
The extracted lipids were dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 2% Triton X-100. Total cholesterol concentrations were measured using an enzymatic kit purchased from Roche (Cat. No. 11491458) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
To determine the phospholipid composition, lipid extracts were separated by one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography using chloroform:methanol:acetic acid:NaCl 0.9% (2:1:0.3:0.1) as solvent system. Phospholipid standards were applied on each plate to identify individual classes. Lipids were stained by iodine vapor, spots were scraped into glass tubes, and lipid phosphorus was determined as described before [
Differences regarding the clinical characteristics between patients and controls were tested using the unpaired
In this study, we investigated the lipid content of the placenta in control
The study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 320030-119984 (to C.A.), the Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Switzerland, and the SwissLife Jubiläumsstiftung. Furthermore, the study was partially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 31003A-130815 (to P.B.). The authors are grateful to Rene Gentinetti for his expert technical contribution, and to Liudmila Nikitina and Fabian Wenger for sample collection.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Total phospholipid content and distribution of individual phospholipid classes in control and pre-eclamptic placentas. Lipids were extracted from control (
Method validation.
|Cholesterol (μmol/g)
|Phospholipids (nmol/g)
|Ch:Pl ratio
|SPH (nmol/g)
|PC (nmol/g)
|PS + PI (nmol/g)
|PE (nmol/g)
|Mean ± SD
|4.45 ± 0.75
|11148 ± 1403
|0.40 ± 0.06
|1478 ± 246
|5133 ± 770
|1300 ± 208
|3381 ± 382
|Mean ± SD (C)
|4.43 ± 0.53
|8514 ± 1767
|0.54 ± 0.14
|1355 ± 293
|3613.843 ± 606
|1339 ± 503
|2342 ± 440
|Mean ± SD (M)
|4.60 ± 0.77
|8331 ± 1995
|0.57 ± 0.11
|1338 ± 181
|3918 ± 961
|764 ± 388
|2377 ± 457
|Mean ± SD (L)
|5.31 ± 1.89
|7661 ± 2450
|0.70 ± 0.17
|1155 ± 434
|3519 ± 1124
|1213 ± 154
|2156 ± 741
Nine adjacent parts of the same (control) placental sample were extracted (in duplicate) and analyzed (in duplicate) for cholesterol, sphingomyelin (SPH), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on different days. Details are described in the Experimental Section. CV: coefficient of variation. Phospholipids represent the calculated sum of the individual phospholipid classes (SPH + PC + PS + PI + PE).
Central (C), paracentral (medial; M) and peripheral (lateral, L) parts of 6 different (control) placentas were extracted and analyzed for the parameters described undera. No statistical differences between the locations were found (paired
Demographics and clinical characteristics of controls and patients prior to delivery (mean ± SD).
|Controls (
|Baseline characteristics
|Age, y
|31.81 ± 4.98
|32.21 ± 4.94
|BMI, kg/m2
|2.37 ± 0.43
|2.35 ± 0.24
|2.71 ± 0.95
|1.78 ± 0.97
|1.14 ± 1.07
|0.33 ± 1.00
|GA, weeks
|38.80 ± 1.12
|28.57 ± 3.27
|Birth weight, g
|3400 ± 359
|949 ± 470
|Placental weight, g
|617 ± 209
|273 ± 146
|13% (1/8)
|0% (0/9)
|100% (8/8)
|78% (7/9)
|Systolic BP, mmHg
|112 ± 10
|178 ± 22
|Diaystolic BP, mmHg
|62 ± 5
|99 ± 12
|Proteinuria, g/24 h
|1.66 ± 1.95
Pre-eclampsia was defined (according to the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy) as gestational hypertension of at least 140/90 mmHg on two separate occasions ≥4 h apart, accompanied by significant proteinuria of at least 300 mg in a 24 h collection of urine arising
Non-significant proteinuria as determined by 24 h-urine analysis or <1+ on dipstick.
Placental lipid composition.
|Term control (
|Pre-eclampsia (
|Cholesterol (μmol/g)
|4.16 ± 0.83
|4.41 ± 0.69
|Phospholipids (nmol/g)
|8057.01 ± 1266.65
|10850.85 ± 2431.27 **
|Ch:Pl ratio
|0.39 ± 0.16
|0.40 ± 0.15
|SPH (nmol/g)
|1212.80 ± 243.62
|1558.91 ± 455.06
|PC (nmol/g)
|3693.99 ± 428.16
|4932.25 ± 1249.12 **
|PS+PI (nmol/g)
|774.50 ± 428.31
|1389.92 ± 232.07 *
|PE (nmol/g)
|2375.71 ± 470.87
|3275.87 ± 700.34 *
Placental samples from the central location were extracted (in duplicate) and analyzed (in duplicate) for cholesterol, sphingomyelin (SPH), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as described in the Experimental Section. Cholesterol and phospholipid results are related to the protein concentration of the pellet obtained after initial centrifugation (details see Experimental Section); all data are presented as mean ± SD.


text:
|From: Matthias Felleisen (matthias at ccs.neu.edu)
Date: Sun May 16 10:20:44 EDT 2010
I have toyed with the idea of generalizing my '312' to just such competitions, first at NEU and then for everyone else. Universe is the result of distilling '312' down to an essential infrastructure in preparation ... and then I got stuck. I want a game that people like and better still something where you are rewarded for adding good code -- Matthias On May 15, 2010, at 1:04 PM, John Clements wrote: > > On May 14, 2010, at 8:24 AM, David Van Horn wrote: > >> I just released a distributed Backgammon game and server on planet. I'm sure it's still rough around the edges, but you might try it out if you like to play. > > 1) Are you considering actually hosting a server somewhere? > 2) As I'm sure you know, there are plenty of backgammon servers out there. > > BUT! > > One cool application here could be the ability to have students build "bots" that can compete automatically on a large shared server. That is, PLT kids all over the world could write simple backgammon players. Most of them would be terrible, of course, which would help to boost the egos of those that were somewhat less terrible. > > In order to make something like this work, of course, you'd have to enforce the rules ... :). > > Caveat: you might also be able to accomplish something like this by simply building a front-end to FIBS, if that's still around. I'm guessing they don't want to be flooded with wretched student bots, though, so there might still be an opportunity. > > John > > p.s.: care to play some backgammon?_________________________________________________ > For list-related administrative tasks: > http://list.cs.brown.edu/mailman/listinfo/plt-scheme
|Posted on the users mailing list.


text:
Claire Danes Lists $5.9 Million New York Loft — Take a Peek Inside Her Home (PHOTOS)
Claire Danes is moving out.
The Homeland actress, 33, has recently listed her New York City loft for an whopping $5.9 million. Nestled in heart of SoHo, the house boasts 3,851 square feet, 2 bedrooms and 3 bathrooms.
What else is included in Danes' multi-million dollar price tag?
The loft, which Danes purchased for $624,750 in 1998, includes a chef's kitchen, entertainment center, full dining room and living room — complete with caramel-colored leather tile floors! The house has over-sized windows that face the street and an intimate fireplace in the family room.
The master suite is nestled privately in a corner of the loft and has a spacious walk-in closet/dressing area and an attached bathroom with scored concrete floors.
In addition, the luxury loft includes a private elevator that opens to a foyer.
Of course, the new owner will also be able to rub elbows with other notable SoHo residents like Gwyneth Paltrow, Lenny Kravitz, Nicole Kidman, Bethenny Frankel and Kelly Ripa.
Take a look inside Claire's NY loft clicking through the gallery>>


text:
Saudi funds to rebuild houses in Gaza
Peter Hansen, the general commissioner of UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East), signed a memorandum of understanding with Yusuf Ibrahim al-Basam, the vice chairman of the Saudi Development Fund, regarding Saudi contribution by approximately $20 million to the reconstruction of the destroyed regions in Rafah and in Gaza Strip.
Al-Basam said that the money will serve in the Saudi dwelling project in Gaza Strip for the reconstruction of approximately 700 dwelling units, including infra structure, public services in the medical, social and educational areas. He added that Saudi Arabia had awarded $44 million for financing several of UNRWA projects, including the nursing collage in Gaza, construction and widening of 37 schools, 9 medical centers and one hospital, and renovating and widening of more than 800 houses in the refugee camps in the Palestinian Territories.


text:
Buy Now Out Now
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Medal of Honor Warfighter | SEAL Team 6 Combat Training Series #6 - Driving Tactics67 Views Oct 22, 2012
Combat driving is a critical skill in urban environments. Ambushes happen at a moment's notice. Being able to instantaneously flip that switch from normal to full on and tactfully using your vehicle as your weapon can help you live to fight another day.


text:
About the Book
A year out & about
After waking up one Saturday back in 2007, we decided to start saving to go travelling. After 12 months of hard saving living in a pokey one bedroom flat in Stoke Newington we finally had the cash and tickets to venture out via Heathrow.
This book documents the 11 months of our adventure from a Captain Jack Sparrow tuk tuk driver in Cambodia to a quality Kevin Keegan story in India.
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2 Comments
Bruce Smith Hi there,
Thanks for the nice feedback. The book was designed in Indesign using a quite detailed grid. Helps when you want to break the rules and have abit of fun with different page layouts.
kiwitania Fantastic journey. I really like the lay out and you have mastered the art of photo spreading! Do you do the normal technique or something special?


text:
peter karlsson (email@example.com)
Wed, 3 Nov 1999 13:16:58 +0100 (CET)
Is there something special about htmerge and 04:30 AM?
I am running ht://dig on two different machines, and despite being started
at the same time, both are finished at 04:30AM. The really weird thing is
that on one of the machines, where it usually starts at 02:00AM (and
finishes at 04:30AM), it overflowed the disk space on the last run (Nov
1st), so I restarted it manually (at 09:35AM). That run went on until ...
04:30AM. I find it very strange that it should take so much longer time just
because being started manually...
I am root at one of the machine (the one that overflowed), and it does not
run anything at 04:30AM that I can find. And that machine is running Sun
Solaris, while the other one is running Debian GNU/Linux...
Any insights?
-- \\// peter - http://www.softwolves.pp.se/
------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from the htdig mailing list, send a message to email@example.com containing the single word unsubscribe in the SUBJECT of the message.
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.0b3 on Wed Nov 03 1999 - 04:26:55 PST


text:
Foundations of Educational Thought — fourth meeting Class began with the prompt for the next writing assignment, along with several remarks about how one might approach this prompt and the ones to follow. The final paper is a descriptive assignment using a long biography or autobiography. The purpose is to try and find the foundations of educational thought within a life, an act of self-disclosure, not only in the literature or in "theory." We then moved to Jean Jacques … [Read more...]
Class Notes
Class Notes
Historical Foundations of Education — fourth meeting I lectured for three hours straight. Sure, there were questions, a comment or four, and I showed two short YouTube clips, but the class was a full three hours, non-stop. Once again, this class keeps exceeding my expectations. Not so much in terms of their own work, which varies in quality thusfar, but of myself and my teaching stamina. Like a good coach: they seem to push me a bit further than I thought I could go before. We took an … [Read more...]
Music at Gather4Good
This upcoming Sunday, I'll be returning to Minnesota to play at the Gather4Good community service event in Albertville, MN (at Central Park), sponsored by Catholic United Financial, with Albertville native, Shawn Kolles on drums. We'll play covers and standards, originals, and childrens music. If you're nearby, come out for a great, FREE event. You can pre-register here. … [Read more...]
A Beautiful Email From a Former Student and Present Friend
Rocha, If you are about to eat dinner, then put off reading this email. It is about dissections. I have been in anatomy class for three weeks now. A huge portion of the class and my favorite part of it is the lab. For about ten hours every week we cut and pull, prod and poke, rip and tear and break a human corpse. It is simply wonderful. Often I am disgusted by what I am doing. It confuses me, challenges me, and disturbs me. Yet in and through these emotions I find beauty, so much beauty. I … [Read more...]
Class Notes
Historical Foundations of Education — third meeting Yesterday's class seemed doomed from the outset. Because of a shortage of books, and my still-absent personal library, I was unable to retain a personal copy of the text for the day. Thankfully, I've read and taught Robert Church's Education in the United States many, many times. But I was winging it. As it turned out, the simple insight in what I call the "creation story" of compulsory schooling was powerful enough on its own. Compulsory schoo … [Read more...]
A column at First Things
The essay — "Real 'School Choice'" — that grew from the two notes I posted (and then deleted) here last week is now available at "On the Square," the online column published by First Things. The construction of this essay has taught me an important lesson: writing cannot be planned or scripted. At least mine can't. First Things was the first intellectual journal I ever read. In it, I found my first regular engagement with big ideas. Although … [Read more...]
Literary News
I just became aware that one of my favorite short stories — Herman Melville's "Bartleby the Scrivener" — was translated into Spanish by Jorge Luis Borges. (Read it here.) Even if you don't read Spanish, I'd still highly recommend reading it in the original English. It's a remarkable, strange story. I use it every semester in some class or another. The prospect of reading it translated by such a literary mind like Borges is worth one of … [Read more...]
Essay and Radio Update
Two quick, exciting updates: 1. I've deleted the previous two notes on schooling and education; they'll appear as a single, extended essay for First Thoughts (the main weblog for First Things) this coming Tuesday. I'l post a link when it appears. 2. The radio show I recorded with host Eduardo Duarte (a.k.a. "Professor Iguana") will air this Sunday, from 6:30ish to 7:30ish pm, on WRHU Radio, the radio channel for Hofstra University. The content is an extended dis … [Read more...]
Class Notes
Historical Foundations of Education — second meeting The readings for yesterday's class were the first part of Gerda Lerner's Why History Matters, "History as Memory" and Susan Moller Okin's article "Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?" We began by watching the short film The Art of Farewell. The impact of the film was hard to follow, but that was the point. There was much covered, many details and boardwork, but, as I noted earlier, there is … [Read more...]
Class Notes
"Foundations of Educational Thought" — second meeting The most important thing that happened in class yesterday did not occur in the time/space of the class. About two hours before class I was busy sorting through a reimbursement snafu where I completely lost my composure. I was seething mad. In retrospect I am pretty happy that I didn't do anything REALLY stupid given how internally angry, how royally pissed off, I was. Prior to that I prepped a pretty good class … [Read more...]


text:
I definitely want to play WvW but I don't find massive battles fun. That's why I came up with an idea of sabotage/recon squad. We would focus on disrupting enemy's supply lines, providing commander (whoever it might be) with intel and do some other sneaky stuff.
I will need... right, let's talk about it for a moment. Thief is quite an obvious choice, this class is made for things like this. But obviously it's not enough. At first I wanted to tell you that we need only light classes but then I realized that what we need is speed, and all classes and races run equally fast. Unfortunately, stealth won't be useful for sneaking to the enemy and attacking because it simply doesn't last long enough. We would need whole minutes of continuous stealth, not seconds. That's why our priority should be mobility. If your character can cast Swiftness on itself and/or others, that's great. If it can teleport itself and/or others it's even better. Put some stealth on top of that and we've got a perfect match. It doesn't matter if you play as Thief, Mesmer, Necromancer or Guardian as long as you meet the requirements.
If you like this idea but you feel like you haven't got the skill, don't worry, join us anyway. We'll be learning on the go, looking for the best tactics, getting familiar with the map, learning how to cooperate with each other in the most efficient way, and so on. You'll have plenty of time to get better at this game.
Please post your opinions below, and if you want to be part of the team, use this thread as well. I'll be updating this post with all the important informations, along with the list of members. FYI, I think we'll need at least 5 people to get started.
One more thing. I'm going to Southport on Sunday and I'll stay there till next Sunday so for the whole next week I won't be playing GW2 at all. But I will be visiting forum, so feel free to discuss whatever you feel is worth talking about. And, hopefully, when I come back we should have enough people to start our first covert operations;)
Please follow this link and fill the spreadsheet accordingly. It's very simplistic, I know but it should help us with organizing group playing. Just put your forum name, in game name and hours in which you're available for WvW on each day (or N/A if not). Let's treat it as a guide for the rest of the week. When I have some time later on, I'll try to do make some Google Calendar for us to make it even easier, but for now, let's use this. Thank you for cooperation.
If you want to check who's available at the moment, go here (thanks malexmave!), and update your status as well.
Current event (Google Calendar)
List of members:
1. Aedrill
2. zanchito
3. Wolfenswan
4. squirrelfanatic
5. harvb
7. hal9000
8. Howlee
9. 20phoenix
10. Malfious
11. algolicious
12. Telzis
13. noaru
14. Anthile
15. Salix
16. Lightbulb
17. TheMoo
18. sirgoit
19. Quine
20. Kyrne
21. Rozzza
22. NieA7
23. footlingsummers
24. malexmave
25. vee41
26. duff
27. starmatt
28. Mithror
29. inawarminister
30. whykt


text:
The union said staff should leave the country until new security measures had been introduced.
The union said UN personnel was likely to become a target in the run-up to October's elections.
"As we approach election time, more than likely attacks will intensify," union vice-president Guy Candusso said.
Baghdad bomb
The union's call came days after a series of bombs exploded at a voter registration centre in western Afghanistan.
Afghan voters are due to elect a president in October and a new parliament in April.
A UN spokesman said that they had recently carried out a security assessment of the country and were putting extra measures in place.
"The overall security in Afghanistan is in the process of being upgraded," Stephane Dujarric told the Associated Press.
In July global medical aid group Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) announced it was leaving the country after 24 years, citing security fears
Thursday marked the one-year anniversary of attacks on the UN's headquarters in Baghdad which left 22 dead, including envoy Sergio Vieira de Mello.
An independent inquiry ordered by Secretary General Kofi Annan found that the UN's security management system at the time was dysfunctional.
Mr Annan has said that the organisation is now wrestling with the difficult question of how to remain involved in areas where staff are increasingly under attack.
"How do we operate in places like Iraq and some parts of Afghanistan, where many people want and expect us to help... but some are determined to block our work at any price?" he said on the anniversary of the attack.


text:
Summit County, Colorado (CO)
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Masterwork Plumbing & Heating IncServing Summit County CO
Website: www.masterworkph.comEmail: email@example.com
Owner Mike Cockrell: I started Masterwork Plumbing and Heating, Inc. in Dillon, Colorado near Breckenridge in 1988. I began my business with the guiding principle that quality equipment, materials and workmanship result in the greatest value to my customers. Personal integrity, professionalism and personalized service adds still more value for my clients.
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Categories: Heating Contractors, Plumbing Contractors, Boilers - Repairing & Cleaning
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text:
- Score:
- rated 4.05 / 5 stars
- Views:
- 75,595 Views
- Share Links:
- Genre:
- Comedy - Parody
- fantasy
- runescape
- nerd
Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Jan 30, 2006 | 3:28 AM EST
If you liked this, check these out!
Plenty more like this here!
Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Rawr was awesome XD
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Very funny vid. I love how the noob got owned so fast. Brings back memories. I miss the wild.
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
good animation and funny. i like that it isnt one of those IM A FRIGGIN LOSER AND IM A RETARD SO A WANNA SAY THAT RUNESCAPE (aka the total pwnage online game) SUCKS!!! vids. 9/10
Rated 5 / 5 stars
LMFAO PWNT?! xD
I remember when I was a newbie someone lured me out to kill me in the Wilderness back in the day. I was level 3 combat back then, and I didn't know any better just like any other n00b. Well I give this a 10 because it gives me good memories of the old wildy even though I wasn't much of a PKer myself. :P
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
to bad the wilderness is gone its pvp worlds now. but this was still some funny shit. noobs u gotta love em =P


text:
Shakespeare Electronic Conference, SHK 8.0010. Friday, 3 January 1997.
Date: Thursday, 02 Jan 1997 21:16:41 -0500
Subject: 8.0002 Ideology Once Again
Comment: Re: SHK 8.0002 Ideology Once Again
In our last discussion of "ideology," I suggested that we might wish to define
what we (individually) mean by the word. Today I ran across a discussion of the
word by James Kavanagh in <italic>Critical Terms for Literary Study</italic>,
2nd. edition, ed. Frank Lentricchia and Thomas McLaughlin (Chicago: U of
Chicago P, 1995). Kavanagh begins: "'Ideology' . . . embodies all the problems
associated with the cultural complexity of language: it has a rich history,
during which it has taken on various, sometimes contradictory, meanings" (306).
He gives a brief historical sketch, and concludes with this definition:
"'ideology' designates the indispensable practice--including the 'systems of
representation' that are its products and support--through which individuals of
different class, race, and sex are worked into a particular 'lived relation' to
a sociohistorical project."
To which I say, "Wow!" But isn't there a little problem of agency here? Who
does the "practicing," and who gets "worked into" the "project"? And who
determines who shall be the practicer and who the worked upon?
Yours, Bill Godshalk


text:
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration affects your central vision, that area of the eye involved in reading, driving and face recognition. It's caused by deterioration of tissue in the macula (MAK-u-la). The macula is in the center of your retina, a layer of tissue on the inside back wall of your eyeball.
There are two types of macular degeneration:
- Dry (the most common) macular degeneration - eye tissue deteriorates with no bleeding
- Wet macular degeneration - new blood vessels grow and leak fluid underneath the macula
The disease is complex with environmental, demographic and hereditary risk factors. Age (over 50), diet, and family history are key factors. Smoking is a significant risk factor. Eating leafy green vegetables and fish lowers your incidence for the more advanced stages of the disease.
Symptoms may be non-existent or may include impaired reading and driving vision, blind spots, and distortion. The condition is detectable in routine eye exams. The Scott & White Eye Institute's team of optometrists and ophthalmologists refer patients to the Institute's eye experts, such as macular degeneration specialist Dr. Robert Rosa. The Eye Institute offers state-of-the-art evaluation and care based on ongoing local and national research studies and trials.
Treatment/After Care
"For early dry macular degeneration, vitamins can help—along with regular eye exams. In the wet form of the disease, surgery is usually required," says Dr. Rosa. "In one treatment, medicine is injected into the eye to stop abnormal blood vessels from growing and leaking. This is the standard treatment today for the wet type. Another is cold laser treatment. Intravenous medicine is injected that concentrates in the abnormal blood vessels under the retina. A cold laser light activates the medication, causing clots to form in the abnormal blood vessels. In many cases, the treatments used today can stabilize the wet type and even improve vision."
After the eye injections, patients use antibiotic drops to avoid an infection. Post-surgery care after the cold laser includes staying out of the sun and wearing special sunglasses for 5 days. Patients are followed up about every four to six weeks until the vision stabilizes and the leakage stops.
Have your eyes checked by an optometrist or ophthalmologist approximately every two years and more often as you age. An annual eye exam after age 50 is recommended.
"One of the things we deliver at Scott & White Eye Institute is compassionate care," states Dr. Rosa. "We offer the most advanced care in terms of technology and treatments available. Part of that comes from our working research to help us offer patients the best and most recent medical advancements."
"Besides clinical research in the Scott & White Eye Institute, clinical trials are now under way for new treatments for both dry and wet macular degeneration," says Dr. Rosa. "These are multicenter trials. We are involved in one study center among several, including Johns Hopkins, the Harvard Medical School and the University of Miami. One initiative sponsored by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health, called the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2, comprises a five-year evaluation of vitamin supplements for age-related macular degeneration."
Learn more »