text: The Nikon AF-S DX 55-300mm telephoto lens combines affordability and performance for exceptional results time after time. Ideal for beginners wanting to bring their photography up a notch, or more experienced photographers looking for extra versatility. It also features vibration reduction for sharper images. Key benefits: The high-powered 5.5x DX zoom and super-telephoto reach gets you closer to the action than ever before for stunningly detailed shots. A flexible 55-300mm focal length (35 mm equivalent 82.5-450mm) gives you the versatility to take the shots you want, when you want. Vibration Reduction II (VR II) image stabilisation lets you use shutter speeds that are up to 4 stops slower. Perfect for low light photography or catching fast moving subjects in razor-sharp detail. Two ED (extra low dispersion) glass elements and an HRI (high refractive index) element ensure outstanding optical performance with minimal lens flare and colour distortion. The SWM (silent wave motor) gives you fast, smooth and quiet autofocus so you can get on with capturing stunning images. A weather-sealed mount protects the lens from dust and water. For use with DX format SLR cameras Please note: Nikon DX lenses are primarily designed for use on cameras with an APS-C size sensor. When used on full-frame cameras, vignetting may occur.Check stock and price


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The Crazy Newshound has found a new Ravens article.
Bleacher Report
Ravens vs. Redskins: RGIII meets the Baltimore defense
SB Nation
Ravens vs. Redskins: RGIII meets the Baltimore defense. The Washington Redskins have won three straight games, while the Baltimore Ravens had a win streak of their own snapped Sunday by the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Who's beating dem Cincinnati Bengals? AFC North NuggetsPlain Dealer
Baltimore Ravens Progress Report: It's Time to Showcase the Run GameBleacher Report
Steelers Offensive Line Breakdown - Baltimore Ravens - Week 13Steelers Depot (blog)
Opposing Views -NFL Spin Zone
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Link to the full story.

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Delhi's juvenile homes pushing their inmates to the edge
Most of the inmates slip into the same vicious circle of crime after their release and come back to the juvenile homes, or land up in jails.delhi Updated: Oct 08, 2013 10:16 IST
Milan Kumar (name changed) feels terribly depressed every time he returns from the 'court'.
At the 'court' — that is what the children at north Delhi's Sewa Kutir juvenile home call the Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) hearings — Kumar's crimes are discussed in front of dozens of other children. The word travels back to the juvenile home.
On his return, he is ridiculed for picking commuters' pockets on city buses when he was 14. Kumar is 16 now, and sees no future for himself.
But when Sewa Kutir burned on Saturday night, he did not flee.
Furious juvenile inmates rioted, smashed furniture, set the place on fire, and wrote their names on the wall with soot from the charred objects before 33 of them fled the home.
The incident exemplifies the seething anger and hopelessness in Delhi's seven juvenile homes.
At these homes, hundreds of poverty-driven children like Kumar who have committed petty crimes share drab dormitories with underage perpetrators of serious crimes (one such is the juvenile rapist in the December 16 gang rape).
Most of the inmates slip into the same vicious circle of crime after their release and come back to the juvenile homes, or land up in jails.
A welfare officer at Sewa Kutir, requesting anonymity, told HT that of the 200-odd juveniles he had supervised in his career, about 150 were in Tihar jail, and 20-25 had returned to the reformatories as repeat offenders.
"In my experience, only about 10% escape a life of crime," he said. There are no official figures to back his claim.
Mental health experts say a number of children living in the juvenile homes come from vulnerable families and a disturbed past, which sometimes triggers violent behaviour.
HT interacted with a number of children, and every one of them had a poignant story.
Most of them were either abandoned by their parents or are the sole breadwinners of their families, a pressure which they find difficult to cope with leading them to commit crimes to get fast money.
While meals are not inadequate, the mere living within the confines of four walls angers them the most.
Sewa Kutir, for instance, has a big play area but the children are not allowed to spend more than about an hour there daily.
And while their circumstances are very different from normal youngsters, they share the same ambitious streak.
They despise what is taught to them in the name of vocational training.
"I don't like to do cooking or learn tailoring. I want to do something more meaningful, which will help me to earn a respectful livelihood once I'm out of the home," said a 13-year old boy, who is in the reformatory for the past six months.The younger lot get bullied by the older ones.
Seniors hit the younger ones with utensils, abuse them, and force them to join their gangs and to wash their clothes.
"The entire day we are forced to stay confined within the building, which is suffocating. There is no segregation and 'difficult children' beat us up as guard stands there as a spectator," another 14-year-old child said.
Counsellors are provided in each of the seven juvenile homes.
"They are supposed to reform us. But they see us as criminals who cannot be reformed," said Kumar.
"All they want is to have someone who can listen to them patiently without judging them," said Anant Asthana, a lawyer who works for child rights.
"But lack of skilled welfare officers and counsellors mean that their complaints fall on deaf ears. Children having criminal background need special treatment and if the welfare officer doesn't treat them like their own children, a child can never reform."
Outsourcing of counsellers' jobs by the government and poor pay are cited as major reasons for the increase in incidents of violence.
"There are five or six difficult boys in each home who need special care and attention but so far they haven't got that yet. They intimidate younger children and force them to gang-up against the staff," said Nina Naik, a member of National Commission for Protection of Children Home (NCPCR), who visited the home on Sunday.
NCPCR members, who interact with these children regularly, say there are a number of bright children living in these homes and given an opportunity, they can do well if life.
"Some children are difficult to handle and you need a trained officer to reform them. Officers with masters in psychology and social welfare often don't have the right exposure to deal with such children," Raj Mangal Prasad, former chairperson of Child Welfare Committee said. One needed officer trained in child and criminal psychology, he said.
Children committing petty crimes could be allowed to be free and do community service under a probationary officer.
This humane and crucial provision of the Juvenile Justice Act is perhaps the most widely ignored one.


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The Adolescence of Engineering Psychology
By Stanley N. Roscoe
Volume 1, Human Factors History Monograph Series
Series Editor: Steven M. Casey
Published by the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Copyright 1997, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. All Rights Reserved.
Individual readers of this publication and nonprofit libraries acting for them are freely permitted to make fair use of the material in it, such as to copy an article for use in teaching or research. Permission is granted to quote excerpts with the customary acknowledgment of the source, including the author's name, the book's title, and the publisher's name. Permission to reproduce a substantial portion (more than 300 words) thereof in any form or in any medium must come from the author and the HFES Communications Department. Republication or systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this publication is permitted only under license from the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, P.O. Box 1369, Santa Monica, CA 90406-1369 USA; 310/394-1811, fax 310/394-2410, email@example.com, http://hfes.org.
* * * *
This retrospective account of the emergence of engineering psychologists -- in the military, in academia, in the aviation industry, in troubleshooting system problems, in consulting, and in course setting for civil and military agencies -- is based largely on my recollections and many years of correspondence with others of similar vintage or older.
Engineering psychology is the science of human behavior in the operation of systems. Consequently, engineering psychologists are concerned with anything that affects the performance of system operators -- whether hardware, software, or liveware. They are involved both in the study and application of principles of ergonomic design of equipment and operating procedures and in the scientific selection and training of operators. The goal of ergonomics is to optimize machine design for human operation, and the goal of selection and training is to produce people who get the best performance possible within machine design limitations.
Principles of Design
Engineering psychologists are concerned first with the distribution of system functions among people and machines. System functions are identified through the analysis of system operations. Engineering psychologists typically work backward from the goal or desired output of the system to determine the conditions that must be satisfied if the goal is to be achieved. Next, they predict -- on the basis of relevant, validated theory or actual experimentation with simulated systems -- whether the functions associated with each subgoal can be satisfied more reliably and economically with automation or human participation.
Usually it turns out that the functions assigned to people are best performed with machine assistance in the form of sensing, processing, and displaying information and reducing the order of control. Not only should automation unburden operators of routine calculation and intimate control, but also it should protect them against rash decisions and blunders. The disturbing notion that machines should monitor people, rather than the converse, is based on the common observation that people are poor watchkeepers and, in addition, tend to be forgetful. This once radical notion is now a cornerstone of modern system design.
Selection and Training
The selection and training of system operators enhance performance within the limits inherent in the design of the system. Traditional operator selection criteria have tended to emphasize general intelligence and various basic abilities believed to contribute to good psychomotor performance. Although individuals without reasonable intelligence and skill do not make effective operators, it has become evident that these abilities are not sufficient. To handle emergencies while maintaining routine operations calls for breadth and rapid selectivity of attention and flexibility in reordering priorities.
The more obstinate a system is to operate and the poorer the operator‑selection criteria, the greater the burden on training. Modern training technology is dominated by computer-based teaching programs, part-task training devices, and full-mission simulators. Engineering psychologists pioneered the measurement of the transfer of training in synthetic devices to pilot performance in airplanes starting in the late 1940s and demonstrated the effectiveness of these relatively crude machines. More important, some general principles were discovered that can guide the design of training programs for systems other than airplanes.
Fortunately, improved human performance in complex system operations can come from all directions. Ergonomic design can make the greatest and most abrupt differences in performance, but improvements in selection and training can be made more readily by operational management. More immediate, though usually less dramatic, improvements in system effectiveness can be made through the redesign of the operational procedures used with existing systems.
A brief history of how all this got started during and immediately following World War II is best told by focusing on the people who made it happen.
Among the earliest experimental studies of the human factors in equipment design were those made during World War II at the Applied Psychology Unit of Cambridge University, England, under the leadership of Sir Frederick Bartlett. In 1939, this group began work on problems in the design of aviation and armored force equipment (Bartlett, 1943; Craik, 1940). Prominent among the early contributors to engineering psychology at APL were Norman Mackworth, K. J. W. Craik, Margaret Vince, and W. E. Hick. Mackworth explored problems of human vigilance. Craik, Vince, and Hick studied the effects of system design variables on manual control performance, including direction-of-motion relationships between controls and displays.
Also in 1939, in the United States, the National Research Council Committee on Aviation Psychology was established. This committee, first chaired by Jack Jenkins of the University of Maryland and later by Morris Viteles of the University of Pennsylvania, stimulated a wide range of research in aviation psychology. With support from the NRC, Alexander C. Williams, Jr., working with Jenkins at the University of Maryland, began flight research in 1939 on psychophysiological "tension" as a determinant of performance in flight training. These experiments, involving the first airborne polygraph, also appear to have been the first in which pilot performance was measured and correlated with physiological responses in flight.
In 1940, John Flanagan was recruited to set up a large aviation psychology program for the U.S. Army. Several dozen leading psychologists were commissioned, starting with Arthur Melton, Frank Geldard, and Paul Horst (Koonce, 1984). With America's entry into the war, Flanagan's original organization, the Applied Psychology Panel of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), was greatly expanded, and its work was extended into what was later to be known as the U.S. Army Air Forces Aviation Psychology Program (Flanagan, 1947).
Walter S. Hunter, the original chief of the NDRC Applied Psychology Panel, was succeeded by Charles W. Bray, who documented its history (Bray, 1948). One of the projects started in 1942 was a study of Army antiaircraft artillery at Tufts College, directed by Leonard Mead and William Biel, which led to the development of a gun-director tracking simulator (Parsons, 1972). Early efforts in the United States to study manual control problems systematically were stimulated by the experiments of Harry Helson on the effects of friction and inertia in controls.
Human Engineering
While most of the psychologists in the British Royal Air Force and the United States Army and Navy were involved hands-on in aviator selection and training, others were occasionally called on to deal directly with the subtle problems aviators were having in operating their newly developed machines. During the war the term pilot error started appearing with increasing frequency in training and combat accident reports. It is a reasonably safe guess that the first time anyone intentionally or unknowingly applied a psychological principle to solve a design problem in airplanes occurred during the war, and it is possible that the frequent wheels-up-after-landing mishaps in certain airplanes was the first such case.
It happened this way. In 1943, Lt. Alphonse Chapanis was called on to figure out why pilots and copilots of P-47s, B-17s, and B-25s frequently retracted the wheels instead of the flaps after landing. Chapanis, who was the only psychologist at Wright Field until the end of the war, was not involved in the ongoing studies of human factors in equipment design. Still, he immediately noticed that the side-by-side wheel and flap controls -- in most cases identical toggle switches or nearly identical levers -- could easily be confused. He also noted that the corresponding controls on the C-47 were not adjacent and their methods of actuation were quite different; hence C-47 copilots never pulled up the wheels after landing.
Chapanis realized that the so-called pilot errors were really cockpit design errors and that by coding the shapes and modes of operation of controls, the problem could be solved. As an immediate wartime fix, a small, rubber-tired wheel was attached to the end of the wheel control and a small wedge-shaped end to the flap control on several types of airplanes, and the pilots and copilots of the modified planes stopped retracting their wheels after landing. When the war was over, these mnemonically shape-coded wheel and flap controls were standardized worldwide, as were the tactually discriminable heads of the power control levers found in conventional airplanes today.
In the human engineering area of psychoacoustics, the intelligibility of speech transmitted over the noisy aircraft interphones of World War II presented serious problems for pilots and their crews. At Harvard University's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, S. S. Stevens, J. C. R. Licklider, and Karl D. Kryter, with help from a young George A. Miller, later the 77th president of the American Psychological Association, conducted a series of articulation tests of standard and modified interphones at altitudes of 5,000 and 35,000 feet in a B-17 bomber. Intelligibility was improved by peak clipping the powerful vowel sounds in human speech and then amplifying the remaining balanced mixture of vowels and consonants (Licklider & Miller, 1951).
In the Military
None of the wartime "human engineers" had received formal training in engineering psychology; indeed, the term hadn't even been coined. Those who became involved in the study of human factors in equipment design and its application came from various branches of psychology and engineering and simply invented the budding science on the job. B. F. Skinner stretched the concept a bit by applying his expertise in animal learning to the design of an air-to-sea guidance system that employed three kamikaze pigeons who learned to recognize enemy ships and voted on which way to steer the bomb they were riding (Skinner, 1960). It worked fine (and still would), but there were moral objections.
After the war, the field of engineering psychology quickly gained momentum. The Applied Psychology Unit in Cambridge, England, was expanded under the leadership of Donald Broadbent, who succeeded Bartlett as director. Christopher Poulton's comprehensive work at APL on the dynamics of manual control (integrated in his 1974 book) stands as a major contribution, as does his work in other areas. The psychologists of the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough conducted research under the direction of Air Marshal William Stewart, with John Rolf leading the flight simulation work.
In the summer of 1945, the AAF Aviation Psychology Program included Colonels John Flanagan, Frank Geldard, J. P. Guilford, and Arthur W. Melton (Flanagan, 1947). By this time the program's personnel had grown to about 200 officers, 750 enlisted men, and 500 civilians (Alluisi, 1994). Their wartime work was documented in 1947 in a series of 19 publications that came to be known as the "blue books." Volume 19, edited by Paul Fitts (1947) and titled Psychological Research on Equipment Design, was the first major publication on human factors engineering, or simply human engineering, as it was referred to in those times.
In August 1945, with the war about to end, the AAF Aero Medical Laboratory at Wright Field near Dayton established a Psychology Branch. The group, under Lt. Col. Paul Fitts, included 21 officers, 25 enlisted men, and 10 civilians that first year (Fitts, 1947). Prominent psychologists included Majors Judson S. Brown, Launor F. Carter, Albert P. Johnson, and Walter F. Grether; Captains Richard E. Jones and H. Richard Van Saun; First Lieutenants Julien Christensen, John Cowles, Robert Gagne, John L. Milton, Melvin J. Warrick, and Wilse B. Webb; and civilian William O. Jenkins. Fitts was succeeded as technical director by Grether in 1949.
Meanwhile, Arthur W. Melton and Charles W. Bray were building the Air Force Personnel and Training Research Center, commonly referred to as "Afpatrick," into a huge research organization with laboratories at Mather, Sted, Williams, Tinker, Goodfellow, Lowry, Tyndall, Randolph, and Lackland Air Force Bases. Prominent psychologists included Edward Kemp at Mather, Robert Gagne at Lackland and later at Lowry, Lloyd Humphreys at Lackland, Jack Adams at Tyndall, and Bob French at Randolph. In 1958, this far-flung empire was dismantled by the Air Force. Most of the psychologists returned to academia, and others found civilian research positions in other laboratories.
The Navy was not to be outdone by the Air Force. In late 1945, human engineering in the Navy was centered at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., under Franklin V. Taylor. The stature of NRL was greatly enhanced by the originality of Henry Birmingham, an engineer, and the writing skills of Taylor, a psychologist. Their remarkable 1954 work, A Human Engineering Approach to the Design of Man-Operated Continuous Control Systems, had an unanticipated benefit; to understand it, psychologists had to learn about the electrical engineering concepts Birmingham had transfused into the psychology of manual control.
Another fortunate development in 1945 was the establishment of the Navy's Special Devices Center at Port Washington on Sands Point, Long Island, with Leonard C. Mead heading its Human Engineering Division. SDC invented and developed many ingenious training devices on site and monitored a vigorous university program for the Office of Naval Research, including the original contract with the University of Illinois Aviation Psychology Laboratory. Task Order XVI, as it was known, was renewed for 20 consecutive years. Mead went on to head an engineering psychology program at Tufts College and from there to the upper management of the college and eventually of the Smithsonian Institution.
Project Cadillac, the first complex manned system simulation study, was conducted at the Sands Point facility from 1948 until 1955, with experiments actually getting under way in 1951 (Parsons, 1972). The project, initially directed by New York University, grew out of the Navy's early problems with airborne combat information centers (CICs) designed to perform surveillance functions and, later, interception control. Robert Chapman, Vince Sharkey, and James Regan were prominent contributors. H. M. "Mac" Parsons cut his human engineering teeth on Project Cadillac in 1950 while still a graduate student at Columbia University. He stayed with the project when the NYU Electronic Research Laboratories split off as the Riverside Research Institute in 1952.
In 1946, the Human Engineering Division was formed at the Naval Electronics Laboratory in San Diego under Arnold Small, whose first criterion for hiring, it seemed, was that an applicant could play the violin in the San Diego Symphony. Small, who had majored in music and psychoacoustics and played in the symphony himself, hired several musicians at NEL, including Max Lund, who later moved on to the Office of Naval Research in Washington, and Wesley Woodson, who published his Human Engineering Guide for Equipment Designers in 1954. Major contributions were also made by John Stroud, known for his "psychological moment" concept, and Carroll White, who discovered and validated the phenomenal effect of "visual time compression" on noisy radar and sonar displays.
Similar to the pattern after World War I, some psychologists remained in uniform, but more, including Grether, Melton, Bray, Kemp, Gagne, Humphreys, Adams, French, Taylor, Mead, and Small, stayed on as civil servants for varying tenures, as did Julien Christensen and Melvin Warrick, who had long careers at the Aero Medical Laboratory at Wright Field. Colonel Paul Fitts wore his uniform until 1949, then joined academia at Ohio State University. Many who had not completed their doctorates went back to graduate school on the GI Bill. A few who had earned Ph.D.s before the war joined universities where they could apply their wartime experiences to the training of a new breed of psychologists.
In Academia
On January 1, 1946, Alexander Williams, who had served both as a selection and training psychologist and as a naval aviator, opened his Aviation Psychology Laboratory at the University of Illinois (Roscoe, 1994). The laboratory initially focused on the conceptual foundations for mission analysis and the experimental study of flight display and control design principles (Williams, 1980). Soon a second major thrust was the pioneering measurement of transfer of pilot training from simulators to airplanes, including the first closed-loop visual system for contact landing simulators. And by 1951, experiments were under way on the world's first air traffic control simulator.
Also on January 1, 1946, Alphonse Chapanis, who had served as a psychologist but not as a pilot, joined the Psychology Department of Johns Hopkins University. Initially Chapanis concentrated on writing rather than building up a large research program with many graduate students, as Williams was doing at Illinois. The result was the first textbook in the field, Applied Experimental Psychology, a monumental work for its time and still a useful reference (Chapanis, Garner, & Morgan, 1949). With the book's publication and enthusiastic reception, engineering psychology had come of age, and aviation was to be its primary field of application in the years ahead.
Strong support for university research came from the Department of Defense, particularly from the Office of Naval Research and its Special Devices Center and from the Air Force's Wright Air Development Center and its Personnel and Training Research Center. The Civil Aeronautics Administration provided funds for human engineering research via Morris Viteles and his NRC Committee on Aviation Psychology. In 1950, that committee was composed of Viteles as chairman, N. L. Barr, Dean R. Brimhall, Glen Finch, Eric F. Gardner, Frank A. Geldard, Walter F. Grether, W. E. Kellum, and S. Smith Stevens.
The research sponsored by the CAA via the NRC committee was performed mostly by universities and resulted in a series of studies that became known as "the gray cover reports." At Illinois, Alex Williams undertook the first experimental study of instrument displays designed for use with the new VOR/DME radio navigation system. Gray cover report Number 92, by S. N. Roscoe, J. F. Smith, B. E. Johnson, P. E. Dittman, and A. C. Williams, Jr. (1950), documented the first simulator evaluation of a map‑type VOR/DME navigation display employing a CRT in the cockpit. Number 122 described the previously mentioned first air traffic control simulator (Johnson, Williams, & Roscoe. 1951).
When Paul Fitts opened his Laboratory of Aviation Psychology at Ohio State in 1949, he attracted a flood of graduate students (many of them veterans), as Alex Williams had been doing since 1946 at Illinois. Charles W. Simon, Oscar Adams, and Bryce Hartman started the flow of Fitts doctorates in 1952. Simon joined the Rand Corporation in Santa Monica and Adams the Lockheed-Georgia Company in Marietta. Hartman embarked on his long career at the Air Force School of Aviation Medicine in San Antonio. By that time the air traffic control studies for Wright Air Development Center were under way, and Conrad Kraft was developing his "broad band blue" lighting system for radar air traffic control centers (Kraft & Fitts, 1954).
Williams stayed at Illinois until 1955, when he joined Hughes Aircraft Company and fashioned a second career, this time as a practicing engineering psychologist (Roscoe, 1994). He was succeeded at Illinois by Robert C. Houston for two years and then by Jack A. Adams until 1965, when the laboratory was temporarily closed. Fitts remained at Ohio State until 1958, when he rejoined his wartime friend Arthur Melton, who had moved on to the University of Michigan when Afpatrick was being dismantled (Pew, 1994). Fitts was succeeded by another brilliant psychologist, George Briggs (Howell, 1994). Williams, Fitts, and Briggs all died of heart attacks at early ages (Williams and Briggs at 48 and Fitts at 53).
The laboratories of Williams at Illinois, Chapanis at Johns Hopkins, and Fitts at Ohio State were by no means the only ones involved in the engineering psychology field in the 1940s and early '50s, but they were the ones that produced the lion's share of the engineering psychologists during that period. Other universities with outside support for graduate students doing human engineering research in aviation included Harvard, MIT, University of California at Berkeley and at Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Tufts, Purdue, Michigan, Columbia, and Maryland. Several prominent engineering psychologists were mentored by Ernest McCormick at Purdue in the late 1950s and early '60s.
In the Aviation Industry
The students of Williams and Fitts invaded the aviation industry in the early 1950s. The boom was on, especially in southwest Los Angeles, where one could park along Airport Boulevard at the east end of LAX Runway 25 Left and see new North American and Douglas planes being rolled out and tested every day. Douglas-El Segundo alone had five different production lines running simultaneously in 1952. From a small hill near the airport, one could see the plants of Douglas, North American, Northrop, and Hughes, which were growing to enormous size; Lockheed was just over the Hollywood Hills in Burbank. Strange planes like the Northrop flying wing flew low over the Fox Hills Golf Course.
I was Williams' first student at Illinois and received my Ph.D. in 1950, but I stayed on at the lab for two years to complete a flight-by-periscope project for the Navy's Special Devices Center. Then, in 1952, I was recruited by Hughes Aircraft Company to organize a Cockpit Research Group and went on to become manager of the Display Systems Department. Earlier that year Walter Carel, who had completed all but his dissertation at Columbia University, was hired by General Electric to do research on flight displays, and William B. Knowles joined GE soon thereafter. In 1955, Charles Hopkins and Charles Simon joined me at Hughes, and Knowles and Carel soon followed.
Starting in 1953, several of the airplane and aviation electronics companies hired psychologists, but few of these had training in engineering psychology and fewer yet had specialized in aviation. As the graduates of the universities with aviation programs started to appear, they were snapped up by industry and by military laboratories as it became painfully apparent that not all psychologists were alike. In a few cases, groups bearing such identities as cockpit research, human factors, or human factors engineering were established. In other cases the new hires were assigned to the "Interiors Group," traditionally responsible for cockpit layouts, seating, galleys, carpeting, and restrooms.
In this environment, Neil Warren in the Psychology Department at the University of Southern California and John Lyman in the Engineering Department at UCLA introduced advanced degree programs for many who would distinguish themselves in the aerospace field. Starting in the late 1940s, Warren had used the human centrifuge on the USC campus (at that time the only one on the West coast) to do display research. It was in Warren's facility where it was first demonstrated that a single "drag" on a cigarette would measurably reduce the number of g's a pilot could withstand before "graying out" in the centrifuge.
Harry Wolbers, a Warren graduate, was the first engineering psychologist hired by the Douglas Aircraft Company. Wolbers was the human factors leader for Douglas in their prime contract for the Army/Navy Instrumentation Program (ANIP). Another Warren product was Glenn Bryan, who became the first director of the Electronics Personnel Research Group at USC in 1952 and went on to head the Psychological Sciences Program at the Office of Naval Research for more than 20 years. Gerald Slocum, who joined Hughes Aircraft in 1953 and later earned his master's degree with Lyman at UCLA, would rise to be a vice president of the company and eventually of General Motors.
In the east, Jerome Elkind, a student of J. C. R. Licklider at MIT, formed the original human factors engineering group at RCA in the late 1950s. Lennert Nordstrom, a student of Ross McFarland at Harvard, organized the human factors program at SAAB in Sweden in the late 1950s. Thomas Payne, Douglass Nicklas, Dora Dougherty, Fred Muckler, and Scott Hasler -- all students of Alex Williams -- brought aviation psychology to The Martin Company in the mid-1950s. And Charles Fenwick, a student of Ernest McCormick at Purdue, became the guru of display design at Collins Radio in the early 1960s. Managers in industry were gradually recognizing that aviation psychology was more than just common sense.
In Troubleshooting System Problems
In the late 1940s and early '50s, an unanticipated technological problem arose in the military community, one that obviously had critical human components. The new and complex electronics in both ground and airborne weapon systems were not being maintained in dependable operating condition. The weapon systems included radar and infrared guided missiles and airplanes with all-weather flight, navigation, target-detection, and weapon-delivery capabilities. These systems had grown so complex that they were often inoperable and, even worse, unfixable by ordinary technicians. Few could get past the first step: troubleshooting the failures. It was becoming evident that something had to be done.
The first alert on the scale of the problem came from the Rand Corporation in 1952 in the form of the "Carhart report," which documented a host of people problems in the care of electronic equipment. The technicians needed better training, aiding by built-in test circuits, simulation facilities for practicing diagnoses, critical information for problem solving, and objective performance evaluation. To address these problems, the Office of Naval Research in 1952 contracted with USC to establish the Electronics Personnel Research Group, whose mission was to focus on the people aspects of maintaining the new systems coming on-line.
The original EPRG, organized by Glenn Bryan, included Nicholas Bond, Joseph Rigney, Laddie LaPorte, William Grings, L. S. Hoffman, and S. A. Summers. The reports published by this group during the 1950s had a major impact on the subsequent efforts of the military to cope with the problems of maintaining electronic systems of ever-increasing complexity. The lessons learned from this early work were later set forth in Nick Bond's 1970 Human Factors article, "Some Persistent Myths about Electronic System Maintenance," which won the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society's Jerome H. Ely Award as the best human factors paper that year.
In Consulting
In parallel with these developments, several small companies were organized to provide research, design, and consulting services to industry and the government. Early examples were Jack Dunlap's Dunlap and Associates, Bob Sleight's Applied Psychology Corporation, Harry Older's Institute of Human Relations, and John Flanagan's American Institutes for Research (Alluisi, 1994, p. 16). Of these, the American Institutes for Research and Dunlap and Associates expanded into fields other than engineering psychology. Still, Dunlap and Associates warrants extra attention because of its predominant association with engineering over a long period and the nature of its contributions.
In 1946, Captain Jack Dunlap separated from the U.S. Navy, joined The Psychological Corporation in New York City, and immediately established a biomechanics division (Orlansky, 1994). Dunlap's initial recruits were Ralph C. Channell, John D. Coakley, Joseph Gallagher, Jesse Orlansky, and Martin A. Tolcott. Of this group, all but Gallagher, an accountant, left The Psychological Corporation in 1947 to form what would become Dunlap and Associates in 1950. In addition to its main offices and laboratories in Stamford, Connecticut (until 1963), the company had a sizable branch office in Santa Monica headed by Joseph Wulfeck.
In the 1950s, Jesse Orlansky of Dunlap and Associates played a key role in the forward-looking Army-Navy Instrumentation Program, working closely with Douglas Aircraft, the prime contractor, and with Walter Carel of General Electric, the originator of the "contact analog" concept. Two of the best minds in the D&A organization were those of Jerome H. Ely and Charles R. Kelley, but in quite different ways. A memorial plaque describes Ely, who died at age 39, as a "scholar, scientist, teacher and gentle man." Kelly, on the other hand, saw a perfect continuum between science and mysticism, but his seminal research on predictor displays and his book Manual and Automatic Control (1968) were highly creative contributions.
In Course Setting
During the 1950s, "blue ribbon" committees were frequently called on to study specific problem areas for both civilian and military agencies, and aviation psychologists were often included on and sometimes headed such committees. Three of the most influential committee reports, each of which contained major contributions by Alex Williams, included:
· Human Engineering for an Effective Air-Navigation and Traffic-Control System (Fitts et al., 1951a),
· Human Factors in the Operation and Maintenance of All-Weather Interceptors (Licklider et al., 1953), and
· The USAF Human Factor Engineering Mission as Related to the Qualitative Superiority of Future Weapon Systems (Fitts et al., 1957).
The air navigation and traffic control study by the Fitts committee was of particular significance because, in addition to its sound content, it was a beautifully constructed piece that set the standard for such study reports. The group Fitts assembled included Alphonse Chapanis, Fred Frick, Wendell Garner, Jack Gebhard, Walter Grether, Richard Henneman, William Kappauf, Edwin Newman, and Alexander Williams. The study of all-weather interceptor operation and maintenance by "Lick" Licklider et al. (1953), though not as widely known, marked the recognition by the military and the aviation industry that engineering psychologists in the academic community had expertise applicable to equipment problems not available within the military at that time.
Not all of the reports of this genre were the products of large committees. Others written in academia, usually under military sponsorship, included:
· Handbook of Human Engineering Data (1949), generally referred to as "The Tufts Handbook," produced at Tufts College under a program directed by Leonard Mead for the Navy's Special Devices Center and heavily contributed to by Dunlap and Associates, followed by
· Vision in Military Aviation by Joseph Wulfeck, Alexander Weisz, and Margaret Raben (1958) for the Wright Air Development Center. Both were widely used in the aerospace industry.
· Some Considerations in Deciding about the Complexity of Flight Simulators, by Alexander Williams and Marvin Adelson (1954) at the University of Illinois for the USAF Personnel and Training Research Center.
· A Program of Human Engineering Research on the Design of Aircraft Instrument Displays and Controls, by Alex Williams, Marvin Adelson, and Malcolm Ritchie (1956) at the University of Illinois for the USAF Wright Air Development Center. (Adelson went on to form the first human factors group in the Ground Systems Division of Hughes Aircraft, and Ritchie formed his own research and consulting company in Dayton, Ohio.)
Perhaps the two most influential articles in the field during the 1950s were
· "Engineering Psychology and Equipment Design," a chapter by Paul Fitts (1951b) in the Handbook of Experimental Psychology edited by S. S. Stevens, the major source of inspiration for graduate students for years to come, and
· "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity to Process Information" in the Psychological Review by George A. Miller (1956), which encouraged quantification of cognitive activity and shifted the psychological application of information theory into high gear.
Taken as a whole, these key reports and articles -- and the earlier research on which they were based -- addressed not only pilot selection and training deficiencies and perceptual-motor problems encountered by aviators with poorly designed aircraft instrumentation but also flight operations, aircraft maintenance, and air traffic control. All of these problem areas have subsequently received serious experimental attention by engineering psychologists both in the United States and abroad. There are now some established principles for the design, maintenance, and operation of complex systems that have application beyond the immediate settings of the individual experiments on which they are based.
The early educators in the field -- Alex Williams, Al Chapanis, Paul Fitts, Ross McFarland, Len Mead, Lick Licklider, Neil Warren, John Lyman, Jack Adams, George Briggs, and Ernest McCormick -- had in common a recognition of the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to equipment and people problems, and their students were so trained. The early giants, on whose shoulders we walk, could only be delighted by the extent to which all researchers and practitioners now have access to once unimagined information and technology to support creative designs based on sound ergonomics principles and to improve the selection and training of system operators.
In preparing this historical review, I have drawn on articles by Earl Alluisi (1994), Paul Fitts (1947), and Jefferson Koonce (1984); on the short biographies of George Briggs, Jack Dunlap, Paul Fitts, and Jerome Ely by Bill Howell, Jesse Orlansky, Dick Pew, and Marty Tolcott in the monograph titled Division 21 Members Who Made Distinguished Contributions to Engineering Psychology, edited by Henry Taylor and published in 1994 by the American Psychological Association; and on Mac Parsons's book Man-Machine System Experiments. I also received valuable personal communications about "Afpatrick" from Jack Adams and about the USC Electronics Personnel Research Group and the strange planes flying low over the Fox Hills Golf Course from Nick Bond.
Alluisi, E. A. (1994). Roots and rooters. In H. L. Taylor (Ed.), Division 21 members who made distinguished contributions to engineering psychology. Washington, DC: Division 21, American Psychological Association.
Bartlett, F. C. (1943). Instrument controls and display -- Efficient human mani-pulation (Report No. 565). London: UK Medical Research Council, Flying Personnel Research Committee.
Birmingham, H. P., & Taylor, F. V. (1954). A human engineering approach to the design of man‑operated continuous control systems (Report NRL 4333). Washington, DC: Naval Research Laboratory, Engineering Psychology Branch.
Bond, N. A., Jr. (1970). Some persistent myths about military electronics main-tenance. Human Factors, 12, 241-252.
Bray, C. W. (1948). Psychology and military proficiency. A history of the Applied Psychology Panel of the National Defense Research Committee. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Carhart, R. R. (1953). A survey of the current status of the electronic reliability problem (RM-1131-PR). Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
Chapanis, A., Garner, W. R., & Morgan, C. T. (1949). Applied experimental psychology. New York: Wiley.
Craik, K. J. W. (1940). The fatigue apparatus (Cambridge cockpit) (Report 119). London: British Air Ministry, Flying Personnel Research Committee.
Fitts, P. M. (1947). Psychological research on equipment design (Research Report 19). Washington, DC: U.S. Army Air Forces Aviation Psychology Program.
Fitts, P. M. (Ed.). (1951a). Human engineering for an effective air navigation and traffic-control system. Washington, DC: National Research Council Committee on Aviation Psychology.
Fitts, P. M. (1951b). Engineering psychology and equipment design. In S. S. Stevens (Ed.), Handbook of experimental psychology (pp. 1287-1340). New York: Wiley.
Fitts, P. M., Flood, M. M., Garman, R. A., & Williams, A. C., Jr. (1957). The USAF human factor engineering mission as related to the qualitative superiority of future man-machine weapon systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, Working Group on Human Factor Engineering Social Science Panel.
Flanagan, J. C. (Ed.). (1947). The aviation psychology program in the Army Air Force (Research Report 1). Washington, DC: U.S. Army Air Forces Aviation Psychology Program.
Howell, W. C. (1994). George Edward Briggs, 1926-1974. In H. L. Taylor (Ed.), Division 21 members who made distinguished contributions to engineering psychology. Washington, DC: Division 21, American Psychological Association.
Johnson, B. E., Williams, A. C., Jr., & Roscoe, S. N. (1951). A simulator for studying human factors in air traffic control systems (Report 122). Washington, DC: National Research Council Committee on Aviation Psychology.
Koonce, J. M. (1984). A brief history of aviation psychology. Human Factors, 26, 499-508.
Kraft, C. L., & Fitts, P. M. (1954). A broad band blue lighting system for radar air traffic control centers (Technical Report TR 53-416). Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH: Wright Air Development Center.
Licklider, J. C. R., & Miller, G. A. (1951). The perception of speech. In S. S. Stevens (Ed.), Handbook of experimental psychology (pp. 1040-1074). New York: Wiley.
Licklider, J. C. R. (Chair), Clementson, G. C., Doughty, J. M., Huggins, W. H., Seeger, C. M., Smith, C. C., Williams, A. C., Jr., & Wray, J. (1953). Human factors in the operation and maintenance of all-weather interceptor systems: Conclusions and recommendations of Project Jay Ray, a study group on human factors in all-weather interception (HFORL Memorandum 41). Bolling Air Force Base, DC: Human Factors Operations Research Laboratories.
Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:nor


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Thomson Dream : Thomson Dream Cruise Review by Len Baker
Overall Member Rating
Thomson Dream
Destination: Southern Caribbean
Embarkation: Barbados
Staff were very good. Service in Orion restaurant inconsistent but ok. Service in bars really good from an exceptionally friendly staff. Reasonable drinks selection which was helped by NOT being All Inclusive. Give free bottle of wine on arrival for being past customers of Thomson (thank you).
Meals reasonable in the main Orion restaurant but sometimes very ordinary & could be warmer. Choice not bad although the embellished menu descriptions vastly over described the actual food. Breakfasts in Orion fair but sometimes cold. Lunch in the Orion fair but not too wider choice. Lido restaurant not too brilliant.
Cabin o.k. for size & decor. Not the smallest we have endured on a cruise but took a little getting used to. Cabin steward More left the ship after a couple of days but his replacement was excellent. a potentially dangerous electrical fault with bedside light was resolved quickly & efficiently. Fellow passengers were quiet & considerate except for our draw slamming neighbours during our second week. Sky Sports news was a life saver for us.
Shore excursions from the Dream were quite expensive & not as good value as the majority we did ourselves. The 2 we booked gave us a little variety from island tours & beaches and so served a purpose. Loved the itinerary & islands visited.
Fellow passengers were quite friendly. A minority gave the impression a Thomson cruise was below their standing in the world while another minority had graduated from the Chav university of life. We noticed how a couple of disabled people suddenly recovered when in suited them but how quickly their disability reappeared when it was to their advantage. The majority of passengers, young, old & disabled etc. were absolutely brilliant.
You had to pay extra for a steak in the restaurant. You could pay for a meal under the stars!! Wine packages on sale at the beginning of every week. AI drinks packages were available at a higher price than in the UK. Some teas for sale. You could buy a photographer, sorry a photograph, for a king's ransom. Hiring a safe at £15 per week (£30 not £25 for 2 weeks) & this may be needed if you don't want to invalidate your travel insurance. Don't use the laundry use a stone & the river water.
Embarkation was very quick for us but it may depend on the timing when planes land at the airport. disembarkation was a little confusing as the forms & information did not arrive in our cabin until late. On querying contradictory information with reception they admitted that some of the details given were out of date. Why!! Our delayed return flight was announced only once & could have been handled better. Given snack vouchers for a delay & free drink for no in flight entertainment facilities. Arrival at Birmingham airport diverted to East Midlands.
Generally an ageing ship with a friendly staff losing its appeal as a cruise. Platinum marketing disguises the reality. Not a bad cruise if you have the itinerary as the main focus but the 'hotel' aspects need to improve at no extra cost to the customers. Less
Published 04/15/14
Cabin review: DE
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text:
Investments do not guarantee profit. The Lin family chose to invest in Pleasanton's southeast hills, even though land speculation is a very risky investment.
Our democratic process allows Pleasanton residents the opportunity to vote on whether we believe that the Lin's development proposal negatively impacts our city. But instead of respecting the rights of 5,000 citizens who signed a petition, and are legally entitled to voice their opinions through voting, the Lins are trying to eliminate their investment risk, and guarantee huge personal profits, by invalidating our democratic process. Land speculation/ownership does not entitle them to profit and it certainly does not give them the right to deny our First Amendment rights.
There have been many referendums in Pleasanton...and that process has been considered fair and legal until this landowner and developer, (with very deep pockets), decided to sue our city. We must encourage our City Council to courageously stand up and support the Oak Grove referendum appeal. This appeal has nothing to do with houses or hilltop development. It is about safeguarding the democratic rights of Pleasanton citizens, defending the integrity of our city, protecting the future viability of our referendum process and preserving the right of everyone in Pleasanton to vote.
If we can't count on our Mayor and City Council to support and preserve our democratic rights, then we clearly elected the wrong people.


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I wrote this letter to Senator Dick Durbin of Illinois today. I hope that you will take the time to write a letter of your own to your senator and tell them that you will hold them responsible for their actions come election time should they vote to pass these two horrible bills. Senator Durbin,…
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describes a situation in which neither allele may be completely dominant, so a heterozygous genotype produces an intermediate phenotype
ex. red and white flowers = pink; dosage dependence; uses different letters
describes a situation in which more than one allele may specify a particular substance that gets expressed by heterozygous genotype
ex. human ABO blood types (see lecture book)
single gene affects more than one trait
allele responsible for albinism also tends to cause crossed eyes
different in males and females and determine our sex
ex. genotype XX - female phenotype
genotype XY - male phenotype
any genes carried on non-homologous portion of X chromosome
human sex chormosomes are not homologous because Y chromosome is shorter and shaped differently than X chromosome
Have only one copy of an X-linked gene, so they express whatever trait is controlled by allele they have for that gene
recessive allele- cannot be masked so there is a 50% chance of exhibiting trait
only express a recessive sex-linked trait if they carry 2 copies of X-linked recessive allele
only a 25% chance of exhibiting trait
heterozygous females- "carriers", they possess 1 recessive allele, but express dominant trait
carrier = genotype
passed from father to his daughter, who becomes a carrier
Inherited by daughter= only if her father has trait and her mother is at least a carrier
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text: Editor's Note: Any reference to TheStreet Ratings and its underlying recommendation does not reflect the opinion of TheStreet, Inc. or any of its contributors including Jim Cramer or Stephanie Link. All three major indices are trading up today with the Dow Jones Industrial Average ( ^DJI) trading up 81 points (0.5%) at 17,082 as of Monday, Aug. 25, 2014, 12:55 PM ET. The NYSE advances/declines ratio sits at 1,780 issues advancing vs. 1,159 declining with 188 unchanged. The Services sector currently sits up 0.2% versus the S&P 500, which is up 0.4%. Top gainers within the sector include Tim Hortons ( THI), up 21.6%, Burger King Worldwide ( BKW), up 19.8%, Life Time Fitness ( LTM), up 9.9%, AthenaHealth ( ATHN), up 3.4% and LKQ ( LKQ), up 1.9%. On the negative front, top decliners within the sector include Shaw Communications ( SJR), down 1.0%, Hertz Global Holdings ( HTZ), down 1.0%, Liberty Global ( LBTYK), down 0.9%, Twenty-First Century Fox ( FOX), down 0.8% and Twenty-First Century Fox ( FOXA), down 0.6%. TheStreet would like to highlight 3 stocks pushing the sector higher today: 3. Yum Brands ( YUM) is one of the companies pushing the Services sector higher today. As of noon trading, Yum Brands is up $0.54 (0.8%) to $72.95 on light volume. Thus far, 868,374 shares of Yum Brands exchanged hands as compared to its average daily volume of 3.3 million shares. The stock has ranged in price between $72.55-$73.00 after having opened the day at $72.75 as compared to the previous trading day's close of $72.41. STOCKS TO BUY: TheStreet Quant Ratings has identified a handful of stocks that can potentially TRIPLE in the next 12 months. Learn more. YUM! Brands, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, operates quick service restaurants in the United States and internationally. It operates in six segments: YUM Restaurants China, YUM Restaurants International, Taco Bell U.S., KFC U.S., Pizza Hut U.S., and YUM Restaurants India. Yum Brands has a market cap of $31.8 billion and is part of the leisure industry. Shares are down 4.2% year-to-date as of the close of trading on Friday. Currently there are 10 analysts who rate Yum Brands a buy, no analysts rate it a sell, and 10 rate it a hold. TheStreet Ratings rates Yum Brands as a buy. The company's strengths can be seen in multiple areas, such as its revenue growth, reasonable valuation levels, good cash flow from operations, increase in net income and growth in earnings per share. We feel these strengths outweigh the fact that the company has had generally high debt management risk by most measures that we evaluated. Get the full Yum Brands Ratings Report now. STOCKS TO BUY: TheStreet Quant Ratings has identified a handful of stocks that can potentially TRIPLE in the next 12 months. Learn more.


text:
Passion Parties Puts the Sex in Seattle's 'Sex and the City 2' Premiere
Romance Leader Co-Sponsors Movie Opening on Thursday, May 27
May 26, 2010, 10:00 ET from Passion Parties, Inc.
SEATTLE, May 26 /PRNewswire/ -- Passion Parties is co-sponsoring the debut of "Sex and the City 2" at Lincoln Square Cinemas on Thursday, May 27. The premiere extravaganza includes: a pre-party at Palomino Restaurant; a "Sex and the City" look-alike contest; and exclusive VIP swag bags loaded with Passion Parties goodies and more. Passion Parties is North America's leading party plan company specializing in sensual products and romance accessories. The "Sex and the City 2" event is in partnership with the Chat with Women Network.
(Photo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20100526/SF11025)
Partners in Passion
"Passion Parties is a perfect partner for the local 'Sex and the City 2' premiere," said Passion Parties President Pat Davis. "We both focus on female camaraderie and passion."
Nationwide, more than 1 million women attend Passion Parties each year. The parties are the ultimate girls' night in. Women get to learn spicy romance tips, during a party with their girlfriends. A customer invites her friends, family, and co-workers to her home for a party for women only. A trained Passion Parties consultant provides fun sex tips, as she showcases a wide range of sensual products including: body lotions, passion edibles, sensual touch and lingerie. Attendees can view, taste, and touch sensual products before they buy. Later, during one-on-one consultations, guests can privately ask questions and obtain helpful suggestions about intimacy. Through this unique experience, women have a giggle, celebrate and learn together.
The Good Girl and Her Goody Drawer
"Like Passion Parties, 'Sex and the City' has created a whole new generation of sexually empowered women," says Davis, who also authored The Passion Parties Guide to Great Sex (Random House). "The show gave women permission to talk about sex and enjoy it. Who can forget Charlotte's infamous Rabbit?" After the episode featuring the adult toy, sales for the Passion Parties product skyrocketed, firmly positioning it as one of the company's top 5 sellers.
Davis continued, "Now, women of every age, ethnicity and background have goody drawers. It may contain a playful feather tickler, a cherry-flavored lubricant, or maybe something that's battery charged, like the Rabbit – but there's usually something in there to spice things up with her partner."
"Sex and the City 2" Seattle Event Details
For the "Sex and the City 2" premiere in the Seattle area:
- The Pre-Party will begin at 5 p.m. at the Palomino Restaurant at 610 Bellevue Way Ne; Bellevue, WA. The event will include delicious appetizers and "Sex and the City" cocktails.
- Guests will also receive a Swag Bag overflowing with high-end Passion Party products and other samples.
- A look-alike contest will allow guests to dress as their favorite "Sex and the City" star to win fabulous prizes.
- Photographers will take red carpet photos of guests attending the premiere.
- At 7 p.m. guests will head to Lincoln Square Cinemas at 700 Bellevue Way Ne, Bellevue, WA 98004. At the theater, guests will receive a free popcorn and beverage. The movie will begin at 8 p.m. and guests will sit back... relax... and get "Carried" away!
About Passion Parties, Inc.
Headquartered in Las Vegas, NV, Passion Parties specializes in sensual products and romance accessories. Davis and the company have been featured in The New York Times, O, the Oprah Magazine, TIME, The Chicago Tribune, The Doctors, NBC's Weekend Today, ABC's Primetime with Diane Sawyer and E! Entertainment Television.
The cornerstone of Passion Parties product line is the RomantaTherapy™ collection, which was developed exclusively by Passion Parties. It includes sensual body products to transition the busy woman from the stress of the day to the romance of the evening, with intimacy enhancing items for couples. The company's top-selling product is the Pure Satisfaction™ UniSex Enhancement Gel, a topical gel that intensifies orgasms in women and men. In 2007, Passion Parties created The Passion Parties Charitable Foundation which supports the Susan G. Komen Race for the Cure and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society in the United States and Canada. All profits from the sale of The Passion Parties Guide to Great Sex are donated to the foundation to support these charities.
To buy tickets to the "Sex and the City 2" premiere visit: www.chatwithwomen.com. To attend a Passion Party or to become a Passion Parties consultant, please visit www.passionparties.com or call 1-800-4-PASSION.
SOURCE Passion Parties, Inc.


text:
TRIPOLI (Afrobasket 2009) - Senegalese Lions Tuesday played one of the best of its campaign in the FIBA Africa Championship with a 73-65 points victory over Tunisia to go top of Group-F
The Lions who were accorded a wild-card status by FIBA Africa trailed the Tunisian in the first quarter by 19-17 points, tied the second quarter at 15 points apiece to go into the break 34-32 points in favour of Tunisia.
Upon resumption of action after the break, the Boniface Ndong inspired side came out smoking winning the third and fourth quarters by 22-16 and 19-15 points for a cumulative scores of 73-65 points.
Tunisia trio of Mohamed Hdidane, Amine Rzig and Atef Maouo scored 14, 11 and 10 points respectively as they finish second from group-F.
FIBA Africa


text:
Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 24/8/2013 (1430 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
I'm not in the excuse-making business, but I do like to impart information that can give people an opportunity to have informed opinions.
After reading CBC news reporter Ryan Hicks' analysis of the Brian Sinclair inquest, it occurs to me it's doubtful anyone will shine a light on the back story. Hicks' article centered on the inescapable issue of alleged racism and prejudice in Manitoba's health care system.
Sinclair was the homeless, wheelchair-bound, aboriginal man who was found dead in the emergency waiting room at Health Sciences Centre some 34 hours after he arrived.
"It's all to do with racists," Sinclair's sister, Esther Grant, told reporters covering the inquest.
Chief Medical Examiner Dr Thambirajah Balachandra told the inquest he believes issues with the triage system were to blame for the tragic circumstances surrounding Sinclair's death.
"Even if Snow White had gone there, she would have got the same treatment under the same circumstances," he testified.
Dr. Marc Del Bigio, a neuropathologist who conducted examinations on Sinclair's brain and spinal cord, stirred controversy when he penned an email indicating, "We should not lose sight of the fact that this man's problems were self-inflicted." Dr. Del Bigio went on to explain decades of solvent and inhalant abuse were major contributory factors in Sinclair's death and that societal blame should only go so far.
Kathy Mallet, co-director of the Community Education Development Association, an aboriginal advocate for more than 30 years, believes Del Bigio's "blame the victim mentality" symbolizes the underlying prejudice experienced by aboriginal patients.
"Addiction is a symptom of a problem," she said. "A much deeper, deeper problem." She went on to raise the issue of the impacts of the colonization process on aboriginal people and her belief Del Bigio lacked awareness and as a result, oversimplified the situation.
So where does the truth lie?
Would Snow White have died in that ER room, as Dr. Balachandra suggests, or was racism and prejudice a primary cause, as Grant and Mallet want you to believe?
I'm not an expert on health care in Manitoba, but I have spent hundreds of hours in the Health Sciences Centre Emergency Department as a front-line patrol officer working the downtown beat. Trips to "HSC Emerg" form part of the daily routine of most Division 11 patrol officers who work the mean streets in the heart of the city. Those trips require seemingly endless hours of downtime with both victims and suspects as they go through the process: triage, treatment, discharge or admittance.
When I try to describe the experience, I frequently draw a correlation between the ER and the chaos and intensity of a Korean MASH unit -- scores of injured people suffering from a variety of injuries that often include stab wounds, lacerations, broken noses, head trauma, the occasional gunshot wound and more. However, unlike a MASH unit, the victims of these injuries often present a special challenge in that the majority of them are intoxicated or high on some type of drug.
I've also seen dozens of "frequent flyers" sitting in the ER, sleeping off the lingering effects that come with the overindulgence of alcohol or drugs. Many are people looking for a safe, warm place to sober up or waiting to catch a ride to the Main Street Project.
Because of this reality, it's not all that difficult for me to imagine how someone who appeared to be sleeping in the HSC Emergency Department could be overlooked.
What I saw at the HSC during my police career was a professional, ethnically diverse staff desperately trying to do the best job they could in the face of the great challenges that come with serving the medical needs of citizens who reside in the violent crime capital of Canada; doctors and nurses who worked exceedingly long hours and who undoubtedly suffered from varying degrees of sleep deprivation as they endured the rigours that came with working shift work; overburdened people working in an industry that placed increasing demands on its employees in the "do more with less" era of bureaucratic philosophies.
I also saw aboriginal people receiving extraordinary care and compassion from doctors and nurses at the HSC and question the notion racism contributed to the unfortunate death of Mr. Sinclair.
As tempting as it might be for Grant and Mallet to play the race card, such a conclusion comes with inherent risk. Once that conclusion is drawn, the doors to all other possibilities are closed.
Did Brian Sinclair die because of prejudice and racism inherent in Manitoba's health care system, or is it more likely he fell victim to an overburdened, "do more with less" bureaucracy that lacked the proper protocols to ensure patients like Sinclair didn't fall through the cracks in a chaotic emergency department?
The death of Brian Sinclair has many moving parts and involves a laundry list of players and social agencies that may be found culpable to some degree.
Snow White, aboriginal or not, people shouldn't die in hospital ERs.
I hope Judge Preston can ferret out the truth and point the finger in the right direction.
James Jewell retired from the Winnipeg Police Service after a 25-year career. Follow his blog at jgjewell.wordpress.com. He also runs The Police Insider at thepoliceinsider.com


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Each month, direct to your email inbox, we'll send the best camping news, tips, recipes and more, to enhance the camping lifestyle that you love so much. Learn More
Learn to make this yummy breakfast that puts a fun spin on classic french t...
Crystal clear lakes, one of North America's most scenic drives and more awa...
Find out what type of camper you are and get a chance to win prizes from Ap...
Plan the perfect trip from home or on the road with the official KOA app. Learn More
Open May 1 - October 1
Reserve: 800-562-2805
Info: 406-222-0992
163 Pine Creek Road
Livingston, MT 59047Get Directions
From I-90 Exit 333: Head south for 10 miles towards Yellowstone Park. Turn left on Pine Creek Rd. Drive slightly more than 1 mile, our KOA is on the left just across the bridge. From Yellowstone Park: Take Hwy 89 north towards Livingston. Take a right Pine Creek Rd between mile marker 43 and 44. Drive just over one mile.
GPS: N45.51206. W110.57971Get Google Directions
All Sites
Check-in: 2:00 pm, Check-out: 11:00 am
Camper Rating 4.5 out of 5
Whether you're looking for a base camp to explore the area or lots of fun activities right on the campground, KOA Holidays are great getaways. There's plenty to do, with amenities and services to match the way you camp. KOA Holidays even have our new Deluxe Cabins with full baths and kitchens! Take a hike, see the local attractions or just relax. It's your holiday!


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Is nuclear power ready for a resurgence? President Obama received standing applause, from both sides of the political aisle, when he called Wednesday in his State of the Union Address for a "new generation of safe, clean nuclear power plants."
Obama reiterated his support for developing solar cells, clean coal and biofuel technology and for giving Americans rebates to improve their homes' energy efficiency. He then added:
To create more of these clean energy jobs, we need more production, more efficiency, more incentives. And that means building a new generation of safe, clean nuclear power plants in this country.
As other countries, including the United Kingdom, push to open new nuclear power plants, industry lobbyists have been encouraging the Obama administration to do the same -- with some apparent success.
Nuclear power has long put environmentalists in a tricky spot. While its plants produce carbon-free power, their operation and the long-term storage of their spent fuel rods pose safety questions.
The United States has not added a new commercial nuclear power plant in decades. Still, for the last 20 years, its 104 existing plants have produced nearly 20% (19.6% in 2008) of the nation's electricity despite increased demand, according to the Department of Energy. In contrast, wind and solar combined produce less than 5%.
The Clean and Safe Energy Coalition, a group co-chaired by former New Jersey governor Christine Tood Whitman that favors nuclear power, is urging the United States to build dozens of new commercial nuclear power plants. Whitman has said that 32 new ones have been proposed.
In recent weeks, senior Obama administration officials have offered support to the nuclear industry.
Carol Browner, director of the White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy, in an online video chat streamed live Jan. 11 on Whitehouse.gov said:
The president believes that nuclear needs to be a part of our energy future. I think if you believe, as we do, that climate change is a serious problem, it's a problem that needs to be addressed, then you need to be open to all the ways in which we can produce energy in a clean manner. And so nuclear obviously is one of those. We have been working with the nuclear industry to understand exactly what it is they need. We have not build a nuclear plant in this country in a long time. But we want to work with the industry, to make that happen in the not too distant future.
Energy Secretary Steven Chu, in a Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee hearing on Jan. 21, made a similar comment:
The White House is supportive of nuclear. We see this as part of the solution. …Right now 20% of our electricity is from nuclear; we would like to maintain that, possibly grow that. For that reason we are working aggressively to help restart the American nuclear industry with loan guarantees with research in the out years that will lead to more advanced, safer nuclear power.
In his State of the Union Address, Obama also called for Congress' final passage of a "comprehensive energy and climate" bill, acknowledging its costs and public doubts about global warming. He added:
But here's the thing -- even if you doubt the evidence, providing incentives for energy-efficiency and clean energy are the right thing to do for our future -– because the nation that leads the clean energy economy will be the nation that leads the global economy. And America must be that nation.
Readers: Do you support new commercial nuclear power plants?
Wendy Koch has been a reporter and editor at USA TODAY since 1998, covering politics and social issues. She's begun a quest to build the most eco-friendly home her budget allows. She'll share her experience and give you tips for greening your home. More about Wendy


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Worldmate 2006 for PocketPC : Professional Edition
Arguably one of the most featured-packed PocketPC applications in the world. The feature list below says it all...
Features of Worldmate 2006 Professional Edition:
- Subscribe once, use anytime, anywhere.
- Plan, Execute, Collaborate, Extend.
- Comprehensive Flight Schedules
- Real-Time Flight Status
- Global Weather Forecasts
- Global Weather Satellite Imagery
- World Clocks
- Currency Converter and Exchange Rate Service
- Travel Itinerary Manager
- Desktop Itinerary synchronization*
- World Day - Night Map
- Global Tax and Tip Calculator
- Packing List Organizer
- Clothing Size Converter
- Size and Measurement Converters
- Global Dialing Code Guide
You can download a trial version or buy it using the link below:
- Worldmate 2006 Professional Edition Windows Mobile Download
Labels: pocketpc, Windows Mobile, worldmate, worldmate 2006


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The HP Slate21 Pro AiO is designed for productivity in office, education and kiosk environments. The all-in-one PC features a 21.5-inch Full HD IPS touch screen with wide 178-degree viewing angles.
Its stand design allows up to 70 degrees of adjustable recline and optional VESA mounting, making it flexible for a variety of work environments.
The HP Slate21 Pro comes with Android 4.3, an Nvidia Tegra 4 quad-core processor, 8.11 a/b/g/n dual band wireless, Bluetooth 4.0, integrated HD webcam.
- Wireless broadband developments in Southeast Asia markets
As of 2013, the 10 ASEAN nations had a total of over 700 million mobile subscriptions, with the CAGR from 2003-2013 reaching 24%. This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the various mobile broadband markets in ASEAN and looks at the respective trends in 4G LTE development for those markets.
- 2015 global tablet demand forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report provides a 2015 forecast for the global tablet market and analyzes the strategies of key market players such as Google, Apple, Intel, and Microsoft.
- 2015 China smartphone panel trend forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the strategies of key China-based major panel makers BOE, Tianma and IVO for attacking the different market segments through technology and pricing, and their relationship to local vendors Huawei, Lenovo, ZTE, Xiaomi and Coolpad.


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Is there evidence for her being born before 1202 and having died after 1286?
The video doesn´t say anything about the cousins´age difference.--Rodolphus (talk) 11:12, November 18, 2012 (UTC)
- Bridget Wenlock lived between 1202 and 1286. We know, of course, that Wenlock and her cousin were contemporaneous, so her cousin must have been born before 1286 (or else she would have been born after Wenlock's death) and she must have died after 1202 (or else, she would have died before Wenlock was born). -- Seth Cooper owl post! 13:02, November 18, 2012 (UTC)


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Website Promotion
Website Promotion that Works
A website that isn't promoted is like a brick and mortar store that has no signs out. It might be perfect inside, but if nobody ever sees the inside, what's the point? The same holds true for your website. In order for people to find your website, they have to know it's actually there. This is only possible when you promote your website in an effective manner. However, this can be easier said than done.
There are so many different ways in which to promote your website, that you could literally work a full time job doing so. But some methods will work much better than others and since you likely can't devote eight hours a day, five days a week to the promotion of your website, it is certainly in your best interest to use website promotion that works the best so you can get maximum results for your efforts.
While any website promotion is certainly good website promotion, here are some website promotion techniques that work every time they are employed:
1. Search Engine Optimization: Search engine optimization, or SEO for short, is a way in which your website actually promotes itself. Proper SEO begins before your website is even built and consists of you selecting relevant keywords and key phrases to use on each page. These keywords will then be used in the title tags, Meta tags, and in the actual text of your website. When done properly, your website will easily be found by Google and the other search engine giants and as long as your website contains everything it should, meaning it is relevant, then your website will start your climb your way up on the search engine results pages, or SERPs. The higher up on the SERPs your website climbs, the more likely it is that people will find your website when they are searching using the keywords and key phrases that you used for your website when optimizing it. you can learn SEO yourself or pay a professional service such as Rankpay to do it for you.
2. Pay Per Click: Pay Per Click, or PPC for short, is a great way to draw some much needed attention to your website when you first get it going. How it works is you work with a PPC service, such as Google AdWords, and you bid on keywords. If you win the bidding you can then create an ad and Google will place it off to the right of search results under 'Ads.' If your ad is clicked by someone who is surfing the web then they are taken to your website and you are charged for that click. Because this method does cost money, you want to be sure that your website is up to par so the people who find their way there through a PPC ad are likely to buy something and make that paid click a worthwhile investment.
3. Link Building: When you build up your links you are telling Google, Yahoo, and Bing that you are important; this is known as link popularity. It's kind of like when you were in high school. The more popular you were, the more people wanted to hang around you. Well, the links are what lets the search engines know that your website is worth hanging around. Links can be built up using several different methods. You can e-mail other relevant websites and ask for a link exchange, or you can gain some links by article marketing and blogging. Companies like Submitedge offer complete link building service that really works.
4. Social Networking: This is a fun way to promote your business. Everyone these days is involved with some level of social networking. While social networking is a great way to keep in touch with old friends and family, it is also a great way in which you can promote your website. You can use social networking sites like FaceBook, Twitter, and more to post links to articles you have written or even links to specials you are currently running. The more active you are in the social community, the more attention your website will derive from that activity.
5. Press Releases: There are a number of press release services that you can use to promote your website. There are many that you have to pay for in order to use, but there are also a good number of free services out there. Of course, the ones you pay for will hit more eyeballs, but free services are great if you are just starting out and are on a limited budget. When writing a press release to promote your website be sure that you are writing in an informative manner. People read press releases to stay well-versed and if your press release comes off too much like an advertisement, the readers just won't stay interested and read down to the bottom where information about your website will reside. It should also be noted that each press release service has a certain format that you must write your press releases in to ensure that they are accepted. Be sure to check the format first, before you get started writing a press release and save yourself some headaches.
The most important thing with any type of website promotion you do is to stay relevant and stay original. You can't simply cut and copy the work of others and you can't try to trick people into going to your website. If you conduct these types of activities you will be labeled a SPAM-artist. This is bad as the search engines hate SPAM and if you are labeled as a SPAM-artist then you will be black listed. If that happens, it won't matter how much you promote your website as the search engines will have your website ousted for good.
Website promotion is something that needs to be done on a consistent basis. You can't do it one month and not the next. Therefore, using methods that you know will work and that can be done on a consistent basis will help you get the potential customers to your website, which will hopefully equal a lot of sales, which will of course mean a lot more money for your business and for you.


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CRF Says President Trump's Budget Will Harm Efforts to Bring Jobs, Economic Growth and Opportunity | MINNEAPOLIS, MN - March 17, 2017 - Community Reinvestment Fund, USA (CRF) President and CEO Frank Altman released the following statement in response to President Trump's proposed 2018 budget, which would all but eliminate the Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund, cutting $210 million in funding. »
Community Reinvestment Fund, USA Announces Four New Board of Trustees Members | MINNEAPOLIS, MN - January 30, 2017 - Community Reinvestment Fund, USA (CRF), a Minneapolis-based non-profit, elected four new members to their Board of Trustees at the January 26, 2017 board meeting. »
Help CRF Small Business Borrowers Win Up to $10,000 | Vote for your favorite CRF borrower in the Calvert Foundation Small Business Competition »


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HPRC Blog
Welcome to the HPRC Blog. We've got lots of information here, from quick tips to in-depth posts about detailed human performance optimization topics.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a sort of "electrical massage" that works by sending increased "traffic" to the brain to block pain signals. It may provide short-term relief for neuropathic/phantom, chronic, post-surgery, and arthritis pain, but it rarely offers long-term relief. For more in-depth information, read HPRC's InfoReveal on TENS for pain management.
Hearing is usually one of those abilities we take for granted—until we lose it. Make sure your children know the importance of hearing, and help them by encouraging healthy hearing habits. Just like helping them make healthy food choices or exercise, you can help your kids learn healthy hearing habits. The Department of Defense has a Hearing Center of Excellence that does research and provides educational information on the importance of hearing for optimal performance. Last month they wrote a blog on nurturing healthy hearing habits in your children that offers the following three tips:
- Talk to children about the importance of protecting their hearing in their everyday lives. Awareness of noise pollution is the first step towards a lifetime of healthy hearing.
- Make it fun. HCE has links to online tools such as an interactive sound ruler, games, and videos. (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also has a fun "Noise Meter.")
- Make it a family affair; discuss how you deal with noise and demonstrate what you do to protect your own hearing, such as turning down the sound on video games and MP3 players. Your children will follow your example.
If you instill good hearing habits in your children now, they will be ready as adults to cope with the kinds of noise pollution that have been leading to hearing loss among Warfighters.
Strength training is an important aspect of military fitness and resilience. Building muscle through strength and endurance training can increase bone density, improve balance and stability, and reduce your risk for injury. There are several training options for getting strong: free weights, machine weights, body-weight exercises, and/or circuit training are all effective strategies for building muscle. For more details, read HPRC's Performance Strategies for Muscular Strength. If you have never done a resistance-training program, learn the proper form first by working out with a professional instructor, which will keep you injury-free and help you choose a program you can stick with. Training for the PFT/PRT? Read more about building muscular strength and endurance for optimal test results.
Be extra cautious when taking dietary supplements before and after surgical procedures; some products can have serious negative effects on surgical procedures. For instance, certain supplements prevent certain blood cells (platelets) from clumping, resulting in excessive bleeding during surgery. Some of the ingredients commonly found in supplements that hinder platelet aggregation are ginko biloba, saw palmetto, glucosamine, black tea, fish oil, and garlic. If you are having a surgical operation, consider abstaining from these items or consume these items in moderation a few weeks before and after the procedure. For more a complete list of products and additional information, including other surgical risks associated with dietary supplements, read this web page from the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. And always read product labels carefully; many include warnings of potential medical risks, including the length of time prior to surgery that you should discontinue use.
Have you breathed deeply lately? Breathing's not something we usually have to think about, so we tend to take it for granted. But our breath can be a powerful tool for relaxation and stress relief. Taking time every day to focus on deliberate breathing—that is, breathing deeply and with control—can allow your body's relaxation response to kick in and help you de-stress.
Slow-paced and deep-breathing exercises have been widely studied for their relaxing effects on the body's stress response system. There are several types of deep-breathing exercises you can perform, but one of the easiest and most common is just called "deep breathing" (or "diaphragmatic breathing"). HPRC has a video on Breathing Exercises for Optimized Performance that introduces three breathing strategies for human performance optimization: "Deep Breathing," "Alternate Nostril Breathing," and "Fast-Paced Breathing." A longer version is available for you to practice along with the instructor, or you can download a Performance Strategies transcript that takes you through these breathing exercises step-by-step to achieve relaxation.
For more ideas on relaxation strategies, check out the Stress Management resources in HPRC's Mind Body domain.
Tough times challenge you to grow and develop new skills to deal with new challenges. If you find yourself in a tough situation you can't change, you can at least control how you react while you're in it. It's how you interpret a situation that determines how you react to it. Therefore, if you find yourself in a tough situation, pause—think about what you can (and cannot) control, starting with your thoughts. This can often give you strength in new areas. Reflecting, meditating, praying—or in some way connecting to something greater than yourself—is a performance tool that can help you persevere through the challenges you may encounter along the way.
For more ideas on how to take charge of your thinking, check out the HPRC's Performance Strategies on "Reframing your thinking traps for peak performance." And for even more ways to persevere, check out HPRC's Performance Strategies for "Optimizing Your Body's Response." Finally, for more ideas related to spirituality, check out the Spirituality section of HPRC's website.
Total Force Fitness requires optimal performance, and optimal performance requires optimal sleep. One way to get your best sleep may lie in some of the subtle sounds you hear every day. You may have heard of "white" noise, a type of random, constant sound that can filter or mask surrounding noises. Studies have now found that another kind of sound—"pink" noise—can help your sleep be even more restful than actual silence. Unlike white noise, the volume of pink noise is essentially the same regardless of its frequency. (For serious audio buffs, here's an explanation from Georgia State University's "HyperPhysics" department.) When you think of pink noise, think of rain falling or the rhythm of a heartbeat. This kind of noise regulates and synchronizes with your brainwaves, which enhances the percentage of time you're in a restful, stable sleep. Pink noise might be another strategy to add to your arsenal for getting better sleep. You can get recordings of pink noise from a variety of sources online—some even free—for your smartphone or other mp3 player or cd/dvd player. A little searching should turn up something you like. And read more about the importance of sleep and how it affects your performance.
Preparing federal and state tax returns can be a time-consuming and aggravating task. Good news: There's help out there! Most military bases offer free tax advice for Warfighters and their families through the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance Program, with certified volunteers trained by the IRS to know military-specific tax issues. Also, if you are eligible, Military OneSource offers federal and up to three state returns online free.
If you are deployed, you and your spouse may quality for a tax return deadline extension up to 180 days after you return from theater. For more helpful tips—including acceptable deductibles on out-of-pocket moving, travel, and uniform costs—visit the IRS and DoD YouTube video resources.
Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is a way to relieve the physical symptoms of stress and anxiety that show up as tense, aching muscles. This mind-body practice helps you consciously release muscle tension so that you're able to function throughout the day and relax during downtime. Using PMR, you learn to release tension and develop deep relaxation by actively tensing and then relaxing the muscles throughout your body. The outcome: You can train your body to relax on command. Check out the description of how to do PMR in the Controlled Response handbook section of the OSOK Total Force Fitness program.
For more information on relaxation strategies, check out the Stress Management resources in HPRC's Mind Body domain.
Water/pool workouts and swimming are great ways to give aching joints a break or recover from an injury and still get in a good workout. Exercising in the water provides the same aerobic fitness benefits as exercising on land. In fact, exercising in water may be less work for your heart; it pumps out more blood per beat, and heart rates are slightly slower. What's more, pressure from the water speeds blood flow back to your heart, where your blood gets the oxygen that your muscles need during exercise.
Aquatic exercise is great for most people, including older and younger folks. Consider jumping in a pool to reduce stress and the risk for overuse injuries and as an alternative to your usual exercise routine.


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When trying to boot 1.3b2 on my WRAP.1E-2, 3 LAN
the boot process stops at a certain point (see below).
WRAP boots 1.22 and 1.23 with like a charm.
Downloaded the 1.3b2 image from here :
Switzerland (Bern CH, hosted by basis06 AG)
Maybe there is a problem with this image.
Is there another available?
Did anyone experience such a problem?
Thank you.
PC Engines WRAP.1C/1D/1E v1.08
640 KB Base Memory
130048 KB Extended Memory
01F0 Master 848A SanDisk SDCFB-512
Phys C/H/S 993/16/63 Log C/H/S 993/16/63
Consoles: internal video/keyboard
BIOS drive C: is disk0
BIOS 640kB/130048kB available memory
FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 1.1
(root at mb62 dot neon1 dot net, Sat Dec 9 17:20:01 CET 2006)
/kernel text=0x2c3fdc data=0x36ad4+0x1c874


text: The answer to the above question must be carefully qualified, in my humble opinion. Both pursuits, offered out of a redeemed heart, are honoring to God. God has given His creation and His people the opportunity to labor for His glory (1 Co. 10:31). As with all things that we do, we have the opportunity [Read More…]