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Animal Puzzle PopTap groups of 3 or more of the same animal to clear them from your screen. Clear as many as possible and make the biggest groups for the highest score!
Sea Bubble ShooterDive into the ocean and go on an underwater adventure! Your task in this cute Bubble Shooter with a twist is to clear the star in the center of the rotating field. Aim carefully and match at least 3 same-colored bubbles to pop them. Collect golden shells and buy powerful upgrades which can help you master difficult levels. Can you unlock all areas and earn 3 stars in every level?
Cut the Rope 2Cut the Rope 2 brings fresh challenges and unanticipated obstacles to the candy crunching, physics-based phenomenon that has delighted millions of players around the world! With new characters, fresh gameplay elements and tricky missions, candy collecting has never been so fun!
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In Washington, the crime of assault (offensively touching or injuring another, trying to touch or injure another, or placing another in fear of injury) is a felony when it causes or is intended to cause serious injury, or when the victim is a protected employee.
Most assaults that cause injury to children under the age of 13 are felonies. For more information on these crimes, see Assault on a Child in Washington.
For more information on assaults with firearms and other weapons, see Assault With a Deadly Weapon in Washington.
Other assaults are misdemeanors. For more information on these crimes, see Washington Assault and Battery Laws.
Under Washington's laws, assault crimes are divided up by degree, with first degree assault being the most serious. The most serious charge should always be considered first. For example, third degree assault will only be charged when the circumstances of the offense do not constitute first or second degree assault.
In Washington, a person commits the crime of first degree assault with the intent to inflict great bodily harm by:
Great bodily harm creates a grave risk of death, or causes permanent and serious disfigurement or impairment of any part of the body. An example of great bodily harm would be an acid burn that causes permanent scarring.
(Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § § 9A.04.110, 9A.36.011.)
Kicking someone on the head numerous times in order to hurt the person would probably be considered first degree assault, as would intentionally exposing someone to strychnine, HIV, or the smallpox virus.
A person can commit the crime of second degree assault in many different ways in Washington.
Recklessly causing substantial bodily harm. A defendant commits second degree assault by recklessly causing substantial bodily harm (substantial but temporary disfigurement or impairment of any part of the body, or a bone fracture).
People act recklessly when they disregard the substantial risk to others created by their behavior. Reckless behavior is always a great departure from how a reasonable person would act. For example, hitting someone so hard that the person falls to the ground, hits his head and becomes temporarily unconscious might be considered second degree assault.
Knowingly inflicting torture. A defendant also commits the crime of second degree assault by knowingly inflicting injury that amounts to torture (using severe pain to coerce or punish a person).
People act knowingly when they have an awareness of the facts or circumstances or when a reasonable person in that position would have an awareness of the facts or circumstances. For example, punishing your partner by burning your partner with an iron would likely be considered knowingly inflicting torture.
A defendant also commits the crime of second degree assault by:
(Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § § 9A.04.110, 9A.08.010, 9A.36.021.)
Under Washington's laws, a person commits the crime of third degree assault by:
Criminal negligence is the failure to be aware of substantial risks to others and is always a substantial deviation from how a reasonable person would act in the same situation. For example, leaving a gun where a child could find it might be considered criminal negligence.
Protected employees include:
Custodial assault. In Washington, the crime of custodial assault is committed by assaulting a correctional officer, employee, volunteer, vendor, or any other service provider in a juvenile or adult correctional facility while the victim is performing official duties.
(Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § § 9A.08.010, 9A.36.031, 9A.36.100.)
Assault between family and household members is domestic violence in Washington. Family and household members include spouses, former spouses, people who have children together, people related by blood or marriage, adults who live together or have lived together, and people who are or have been in a dating relationship.
(Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 10.99.020.)
For more information, see Domestic Violence in Washington.
Assault in the first degree is punishable by up to life imprisonment and a fine of up to $50,000.
Second degree assault is punishable by up to ten years in prison and fine of up to $25,000. If the prosecutor alleges and proves that the defendant has a sexual motivation, second degree assault is a class A felony.
Assault in the third degree and custodial assault are punishable by up to five years' imprisonment and a fine of up to $5,000.
In domestic violence cases, the court can impose special fees, order the defendant to surrender weapons, and issue a restraining order requiring the defendant to stay away from or not contact the victim.
(Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § § 9A.20.021, 9A.36.011, 9A.36.021, 9A.36.031, 9A.36.100, 10.99.020.)
A conviction for aggravated assault can result in a lengthy prison term, as well as a substantial fine. If you are charged with a felony assault crime, you should immediately contact a Washington criminal defense attorney. An attorney can explain the legal process to you, tell you how your case is likely to fare in court depending on the facts and the judge and prosecutor who are assigned to your case, and make the best arguments on your behalf. With an attorney's help, you may be able to get the charges reduced or dismissed, obtain a favorable verdict or plea bargain, or get a shorter sentence than the maximum allowed by law.

subset: commoncrawl


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Who we are
Worship is at our core.
10:00AM - Service | 11:00AM - Coffee Hour
What to Expect on Sunday
Expect the unexpected. Spirituality, community… coffee.
St. Matthew was an unrefined thug who changed his life and followed Jesus. St. Matt's PDX is kind of like that.
We are a liturgical community. That means we worship with everyone participating. We value tradition and are open and affirming to everyone - both inside our church and out in the world.
We like to do things a little different than what's expected. On a Sunday morning you can expect to see all different kinds of people, brought together by their love for God, praying with their whole beings. It's not always comfortable. It's not always easy...
It is always authentic and real.
Q: What should I wear to church?
A: Anything you want. This is Oregon, so probably nothing too fancy. This is Portland, so don't come looking too normal either.
Q: What time does church start?
A: Church starts at 10 am and usually lasts about 70 minutes.
Q: Is there a place for my kids?
A: Yes!! We have facilities for children nursing age on up.
Q: I don't have kids. Is there a place for me?
A:Yes!! St. Matt's is made of people with and without children, people partnered and single. You don't have to fit a specific mold to come inside.
Q: Do I have to believe in God?
A: No. St. Matt's is a Christian community based on the teachings of Jesus and we have people in our community that are atheist and agnostic. We are a group of spiritual seekers that have more questions than answers.
Q: Can I be involved… just not on Sunday morning?
A: Absolutely!! Contact us and we'll keep you in the loop around other things happening. If you have a desire, we'll help you plug in.
What we believe
Our faith community affirms the Apostles Creed or the Nicene Creed at each of our worship services. These ancient statements of faith represent the basic tenets of our Christian faith.
Individually, we each bring our own understanding of who God is, how the Spirit is moving through our lives, and how we can look to Jesus as our companion along the way.
Collectively, we join one another at Saint Matthew's to share our perspectives, to give thanks for God's abundant blessings, and to witness the reality of God working in and through our relationships.


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Go fishing with Bucks forward John Henson
Bucks second-year forward John Henson was back in town last week to check an item off his Milwaukee bucket list: charter fishing on Lake Michigan. After reeling in some salmon on his first adventure, Henson is itching to go again, but he wants some company. As part of the Bucks Summer Experience Sweepstakes, one lucky winner will have the opportunity to join Henson on the boat next month. Simply log on to bucks.com/fishing to register and that lucky fan could be you.
From now until June 30 at 11:59 p.m., fans can visit bucks.com/fishing to enter to win the sweepstakes. Fans must by 18 years of age and reside in the United States. The winner, along with a guest of his/her choosing, will join Henson for a half-day fishing outing on Lake Michigan courtesy of Reel Sensation Charters in early July when Henson returns to Milwaukee to train with the Bucks summer league team.
There's no better place to enjoy summer than Milwaukee, and there's no better way to enjoy it than through the Bucks Summer Experience Sweepstakes, presented by OnMilwaukee.com. Throughout the summer, the Bucks will be offering fans the opportunity to win once-in-a-lifetime experiences at unique Milwaukee events alongside Bucks players and personalities. Stay tuned to bucks.com for more great chances to win.
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Rollercoaster ride of assessments upsets my stomach
Living in the City of Milwaukee has provided a rollercoaster ride of assessments since I bought my house a decade ago. You've likely experienced the same.
For the first few years, assessments went up, up, up. Because I had no plans to sell, that wasn't especially beneficial, so I didn't worry too much initially when they stagnated, dipped and stagnated again.
But on Saturday, we got our new assessment in the mail and found it had dropped another 8 percent and our home is now assessed at less than we paid for it 10 years ago. That's just depressing.
City-wide, residential assessments are down 3.13 percent. Condo owners took a hit half that.
Of course, we all know that despite assessments our taxes never really go down, so while some argue that's an upside of a lower valuation, I've yet to really see that "benefit" pay off.
It worries me. And I was already nervous about Madison tinkering further with Milwaukee's own business by outlawing the residency requirement that has helped keep the city relatively stable through the good times and bad.
My quiet, green, friendly neighborhood is full of police, fire, school and city workers and I fear that an explosion of for sale signs on neighborhood lawns will send housing prices tumbling even lower.
Like my parents, I always thought homeownership was a road to financial stability. I never expected it to pay major dividends or be a get-rich-quick scheme, but I'd hoped it would keep us afloat.
Now I'm not so sure anymore.


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Solarworld, Germany's biggest solar-panel maker, is looking into possible damage claims after its US unit allegedly became the target of Chinese economic espionage.
Solarworld's lawyers are investigating such claims after the US government filed a suit saying the company has been the target of a Chinese spy attack, Chief Executive Officer Frank Asbeck said. One defendant in 2012 allegedly stole "thousands" of e-mails with information on its financial position, cost structure and business strategy from Solarworld, according to the indictment.
"On the one hand, this is a big honor and nod to our excellent technology that part of the Chinese competition seems to deem it necessary to spy on us," Asbeck said by phone. "On the other hand, it's a criminal act to steal what we are developing with a lot of money."
The spying probe is the latest development in a solar trade-war that saw Solarworld win rulings from US and European Union authorities against Chinese solar-panel dumping. More than a dozen German companies including Q-Cells SE, once the world's largest cell maker, and Solar Millennium have filed for insolvency in the past years, with Chinese rivals blamed for selling below cost.
While Solarworld tightened its security after hearing about the alleged spying, no customer or employee data was stolen, Ben Santarris, spokesman for Solarworld in the US, said today.
"We're continuing to fight for the right of American solar companies and workers to compete fairly," he said.


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Home > Entertainment > Arts > Article
ACMI Screen Gallery,
until October 25
The stated purpose of Plasticine Park is to explore the space between body and screen, a juxtaposition of three-dimensional human scale and action against the magnified, hyper-real, yet flatter images that the big screen allows.
It is a complicated collaboration between four visual artists (David Rosetzky, Stephen Honegger, Laresa Kosloff and Patricia Piccinini), a choreographer (Lucy Guerin), a composer (Paul Healy), eight dancers, (Brett Daffy, Shona Erskine, Sally Gardner, Rebecca Hilton, Kyle Kremerskothen, Stephanie Lake, Kirstie McCracken and Trevor Patrick), and various designers.
Guerin created the live dance and directed the overall performance, which used the full length of the ACMI Screen Gallery, allowing for adroitly contrived transitions from one work to the next. Each of the four artists presented two works, for which Healy devised evocative sound scores.
The motivation and form of the artists' works came from diverse starting points, from the exploration of intimate relationships, through interaction between animated and live characters or between virtual environments and human action, to the alternatively endearing and menacing effect of Patricia Piccinini's fleshy, pulsating organisms with their succulent, gloppy sounds that seemed to overwhelm the human element.
Guerin made use of depth to exploit perspective and the emotive relationship between live dance and screen-based images, contriving very different movement approaches for each of the artists' works, from minimal gesture through comic gyrations to the angular and linear style that is more typical of her choreography.
As a creative exploration, these works demonstrated possible future directions for the relationship between dance and technology, although the mind-expanding aspects of technologically achieved imagery still seems to be countered by the constraints placed on full and free physical action. But what might be lost as we commit evermore to a technologically driven world?
Guerin and her colleagues presented an engaging and thought-provoking program, and it is clear that ACMI has much to contribute to creative development in both moving image and performance.
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*OFFICIAL* Windsor Spitfires 2012-13 Season Thread (Part 7)
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Registered User
Join Date: Nov 2008
Location: behind lens, Ontario
Posts: 6,046
vCash: 500
My biggest complaint the last 2 years is there doesn't seem to be a clear plan, if there is a clear plan I thought it was put together haphazardly and rushed
The plan last year was to rebuild, which is what they did. It may not have been to everyone's liking, but the attempt was there. When you deal Campbell and Kuhnhackl, you're sending a message that you're trying to put together future pieces.
This year, they fully expected to be near the top of the standings. I don't think anyone, myself included, expected what's happened. That said, being at the bottom, they're trying to make the playoffs to show Windsor fans that they're not giving up. I'd imagine, outside of the internet world, fans would hate to see them miss the playoffs. While it shouldn't be about $$, I can understand why, to an extent, it is. You can't say "we're going to make serious noise", then accept missing playoffs, and hope that the casual fans stick around.
Your core for 14/15 would be Verbeek, Bateman, Murphy, Sanvido, DeKort and that is under the assumption none of those guys are moved to make a run next year. That stands up to what 06/07 looked like even worse probably.
You're assuming these guys won't develop in the least, over a span of two full seasons.
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Complete Kits
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This full Valentine's kit is just in time for Valentine's Day & to scrapbook perfect pages of those you love. "Love You" is full of papers & elements to make each page unique & perfect.
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Vishing Scam
- Name
- Card Number
- Personal Identification Number (PIN)
- CVV value on the back of the card
- Expiration date
Phishing: Don't Get Hooked
Phishing is the term used to describe internet scammers who imitate legitimate websites to entice people to share user names, passwords, account information or credit card numbers. The term "phishing" comes from the fact that Internet scammers are using sophisticated lures as they fish for users' private information. The most common ploy is to copy the look and feel of a web page from a major site and use that design to set up a nearly identical page that appears to be a part of the company's site. Recently scammers have started using phone technology to manipulate caller IDs and to make customers believe that the call originated from the company's phone system. Scammers also use text messaging, instant messaging, and Web logs (blogs) to send unsolicited emails.
Fire Police City County Federal Credit Union will NEVER contact you to ask for any account or personal information.
There are several steps you can take to make sure you never fall for one of these scams:
Always be suspicious of any email or phone message that asks for your personal account information. Remember that emails, phone calls, text messages, instant messages, or Web logs (blogs) that appear to come from a reliable source may not be authentic.
Always use caution when giving your personal information over the telephone. Never provide your personal information when you are unsure of the source.
Never respond to phishing emails. Do not click the links. Do not open the attachments.
Always ensure that you are using a secure server when submitting credit card information. To make sure that you're using a secure server, check the beginning of the web address in your browser's address bar – it should be https:// rather than just http://
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Anyone who receives an e-mail or phone call that claims to be from Fire Police City County FCU and asks for account information should consider it to be a fraudulent attempt to obtain their personal account data for an illegal purpose and should not follow the instructions in the e-mail or solicitation.
If you think you have experienced a fraud attempt or phishing scam and provided the scammer with your credit union information, contact us immediately. Contact Us


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Four move on after U.S. Open qualifier
GROVE CITY, Pa. -- Since he began playing golf in ninth grade, Sebastian Hutman has been on something of a fast track to success.
In just six years, he has played a bucket list of iconic golf courses -- Winged Foot, Merion, Baltusrol, Aronomink -- as a member of Oakmont Country Club's junior traveling team; is a sophomore in the golf management program at Campbell University in Buies Creek, N.C.; and leaves today for a six-month internship at the storied Atlantic Golf Club in Bridgehampton, N.Y.
Oh yeah, and he is one step closer toward qualifying for the 2013 U.S. Open.
"I wasn't big enough to keep playing football," said Hutman, an amateur from Conneaut Lake. "So I decided to pick up golf."
He has picked it up in a hurry.
Hutman shot a 1-under 70 on Tuesday in a U.S. Open local qualifier at Grove City Country Club, tying Canadian PGA Tour player Mark Hoffman for low honors and gaining one of the four qualifying spots.
On a cool, gray day in which Hutman and Hoffman were the only players to better par, the other qualifying spots went to former Grove City member Derek Forese (71), an assistant professional at Bermuda Dunes in LaQuinta, Calif; and Shawn Adamczyk (72), an assistant pro at the Kahkwa Club in Erie
They will advance to as 36-hole sectional qualifier at various sites, the final step on the road to the U.S. Open June 13-16 at the Merion Golf Club in suburban Philadelphia.
Hutman's rapid ascent is surprising, although his transition to golf is not.
Since he was 8, Hutman lived along the fairways at Oakland Beach Golf Club in Conneaut Lake. The course is owned by his stepfather, Gar Prebor, an Oakmont member. But he spent most of his time in grade school and middle school playing other sports, among them football and soccer.
"I played every other sport but golf," Hutman said.
That all changed when he got to high school. Hutman began playing golf in ninth grade. Because his stepfather was a member at Oakmont, he took lessons from golf professional Bob Ford and eventually became a member of the club's junior traveling team. That's where he was able to play courses most golfers only dream of playing.
"Bob changed his feet position and that was it," said Prebor, who caddied for his stepson.
Hutman made his move on the front nine, when he shot 33 with birdies at Nos. 2, 5, 6 and 8, the latter when he hit a hybrid to 6 feet at the 445-yard par 4. On the back, he just tried to play mistake-free, offsetting a bogey at the par-3 11th with eight pars.
"I played really solid, really well," Hutman said.
Advancing to a sectional qualifier was something of a panacea for Hoffman, a native of suburban Toronto who was still trying to get over the shocking last-minute collapse of the Toronto Maple Leafs the night before in Boston.
"I didn't really want to play today," Hoffman said.
Hoffman, though, managed to get over the disappointment with a round that included three birdies and two bogeys. And, unlike the Maple Leafs, he even had some good fortune at the end, electing to play his third shot off a cart path rather than take a free drop at the 532-yard 18th hole -- a decision that allowed him to make a birdie from 30 inches and tie Hutman for low honors.
"If I would've taken a drop, a tree would have been in my way," Hoffman said. "I had a better opening from the path."
Hoffman elected to make the 4 1/2-hour drive from Thornhill, Ontario, to play Grove City because he played there in a qualifier for the 2011 U.S. Amateur and loved the course.
And he didn't even mind the cool May weather, which reminded him of playing in Canada -- and elsewhere.
"I've played in a lot worse," Hoffman said. "I've played a lot in Scotland. After playing there, nothing could be worse than that."
Except maybe a collapse by the Maple Leafs.
Read more: http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/sports/golf/four-move-on-after-us-open-qualifier-687618/#ixzz2TSXjWU00


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Hrithik Roshan was moved to tears when he came face to face with his life like wax image at Madame Tussuads in London yesterday. The actor who waited for four months to see the real life magic of the prestigious Tussuads said that now he knows what is meant when it is said that this honour is for posterity. He defined the moment as "life-defining". He was over-whelmed as his entire family was present there when he was living one of his biggest achievement of life time.
Hrithik Roshan's Dhoom 2 avatar has been captured in the form of his wax statue at Tussuads with red short-sleeve shirt and blue jeans, revealing some part of his chiseled body while hiding others. The Dhoom look of the star was locked for Madame Tussuads wax project after they got maximum voting in an online poll for the same style.
The actor proudly said that once he was living the life of that impatient kid who was standing in the queue waiting for his turn to make a tour to Madame Tussuads and now his wax replica is standing among the most celebrated entertainers of India, Sachin Tendulkar, Amitabh Bachchan, Shahrukh Khan, Salman Khan, and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan.
Hrithik ended with an encouraging statement to TOI, "Suddenly I feel there are no failures. Looking at this waxwork that will perhaps be here for a 100 years after I have gone, I feel real hope. I know my children can always come back and see this. It should inspire them to work hard in whatever sphere they choose. Suddenly all the hard work, all the fears, fatigue, prayers everything seems to have an answer.''
Check out some more stills of Hrithik's wax statue at Tussuads


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As it pushes for national gun control, the White House on Wednesday addressed a tragic shooting close to President Barack Obama's home in Chicago.
Fifteen-year-old Hadiya Pendleton, who last week performed at Obama's inaugural festivities, was killed when a gunman opened fire on a group of students just blocks from King College Prep and about a mile from Obama's home in Kenwood on the South Side.
Hadiya was hanging out with her volleyball team at Harsh Park after taking exams Tuesday afternoon. About a dozen teens had taken shelter under a canopy during a rainstorm when a boy or man jumped a fence in the park, ran toward them and opened fire around 2:20 p.m., police said.
Hadiya was wounded in the back and a 16-year-old boy -- also a student at King -- was shot in the leg, police said. The attacker got into an auto and fled, police said. No arrests have been reported.
Chicago teen who performed at inauguration fatally shot
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The study of small-scale mechanical behavior remains at the forefront of research in materials science and applied mechanics. The impetus for the significant current activity in this field comes from the need to understand the critical roles of elasticity, plasticity, time-dependent deformation, and fracture in small structures used in many modern technologies, including thin films for microelectronic, optical and MEMS devices, thermal barriers in gas turbines, and tribological coatings. It is recognized that material properties may change drastically when the specimen dimensions are small compared to certain physical and microstructural length scales. Furthermore, mechanical measurements at the nanometer or micrometer scale present significant new challenges, but also opportunities for direct comparisons to atomistic or micromechanical models. In addition, mechanical phenomena in small-scale biological structures offer enticing opportunities to researchers in materials science and applied mechanics, who are investigating these phenomena with concepts and methods originating in the conventional materials community.
In late July 2008 we will explore these issues in depth, in the usual collegial atmosphere of a GRC. An exciting lineup of outstanding invited speakers will present their latest work in a lecture structure similar to that of the previous five meetings of this Conference, and we expect that the poster sessions will be just as lively and enjoyable as the ones in 2006. As Chair and Vice Chair, we encourage you to attend and actively participate in the conference.


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FBO company turns its attention to maintenance Houston-based Encore FBO has focused a good deal of time and attention on the maintenance element of its business. "We want to provide total support for our business aviation customers," CEO Dan Bucaro told AIN. The company currently offers maintenance at its Frederick, Md., and Sioux Falls, S.D. facilities, and it has plans to expand.
Bucaro points out his management team takes an approach somewhat different from that of many operators. "We wouldn't just buy an MRO to expand our business; we believe in integration," he said. "We don't feel we have to be the biggest operator or have the most locations. Our goal is to provide consistent safety and service regardless of which of our facilities a customer visits."
Bucaro held various management positions with Goodyear for 12 years, including four years working offshore. He was recruited by Hi/Lo Auto Supply in Houston, where he was responsible for sales, marketing and distribution because of his distribution and multi-unit experience. Hi/Lo was adding stores and needed someone with oversight experience of multiple operations.
"I met a lot of people here in Houston while working for Hi/Lo and eventually Trajen called me. They were a multi-unit FBO operation with eleven locations and plans for expansion. I took the position of CEO three-and-a-half years ago, and we expanded from eleven to twenty-three domestic locations by the time it was purchased by Atlantic Aviation in July 2006," Bucaro said.
After the Trajen sale, Bucaro said, he and his management team talked about other opportunities and were mutually interested in an FBO group with international holdings.
"We thought Trajen was a fine company with great people. We just agreed there is a future in both domestic and international development so we contacted Platform Partners, an equity partner who agreed with our philosophy," he said. Bucaro said Platform Partners has sufficient capital to take the long-term view.
International Operations
"We started Encore FBO in September 2006 with no revenue or physical location. We were able to open a brand-new facility in Addison, Texas, which would have been tough to do with a capital partner concerned about short-term liquidity," he said. "Addison was followed closely by Business Aviation Service in Sioux Falls that November and shortly thereafter by Paris, our first international acquisition."
In one year Encore has acquired seven locations worldwide, rounded out with Frederick, Md.; Laughlin, Nev.; Dublin, Ireland; and Nice, France. The company has another three, as-yet-unidentified locations scheduled to open by year-end.
"We feel we should be a global business because aviation is a global business. We began with European additions because we had some opportunities open to us there, but we're exploring options in Asia and other parts of the world," he said.
Encore-Sioux Falls (formerly Business Aviation Services) offers a wide range of maintenance services, including airframe and engine repair, instrument, autopilot and avionics installation and repair.
The 28,000-sq-ft maintenance facility is staffed by more than 20 technicians. The operation specializes in Zephyr air-conditioning installation for Citations and Cessna piston aircraft, interior refurbishment, detailing services and heavy sheet-metal repair. The facility is also a service center for single-engine Cessna and Cirrus aircraft, and the company has extensive experience with the King Air series, Shorts, Fairchild Metros, Citation 500 and 650 series, and Falcon 10/20s.
The Sioux Falls facility has the following repair station ratings: airframe Class 1 and 3–composite and all-metal construction repair, and radio class 1, 2 and 3–communications, navigational and radar equipment repair. The 1,200-sq-ft avionics shop offers bench repair capability and complete panel refurbishments.
The Frederick, Md. operation (formerly Frederick Aviation) has been providing FBO services for 36 years and offers maintenance, charter, aircraft management
and aircraft sales services. The 4,200-sq-ft facility has 18 employees dedicated to maintenance.
Repair station and avionics ratings at Frederick include: airframe Class 1–composite construction of small aircraft; airframe, Class 3–all-metal construction of small aircraft; radio Class 1–communications equipment; and radio Class 2–navigational equipment.
In addition, the facility has limited ratings in airframe (Learjet, Raytheon and Cessna), powerplant (Pratt & Whitney), radio, transponder (all models), instruments and altimeter (all models). It specializes in composite and sheet-metal repair and acts as a service center for single-engine Cessna, Cirrus, Adam and Columbia aircraft.
"Customer service and operational safety will always be Encore's highest priorities," Bucaro said. "Every team member understands that the safety of customer aircraft can never be compromised. The company's training program uses NATA's Safety 1st as a cornerstone, and each team member is required to complete additional proprietary training in both line and customer service segments of the business." To that end, the company has a safety and training officer.
"The consistency of our services and the familiar layout of facilities throughout our network provide an important sense of identification that ensures a long-term relationship with our customers," Bucaro said. "But along with the common feel at each of our FBOs, we have been successful at integrating the local flavor and individualized service that customers have come to know at the various locations we bring into our network. From each guest's arrival to departure, Encore ensures that the experience is one to remember."


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Welcome to Majora's Memes, where we bring you memetic madness weekly!
Like scouring Hyrule Field for bushes that hopefully contain Rupees or bombs or arrows, we search the Internet for Zelda-related laughs. I apologize that this post is a few hours later than usual. I'm on Spring Break, but my "vacation" consists of learning about Shakespeare in a professional actors' setting! Fun fun stuff, but it doesn't leave me with time I thought I'd have. In any case, I'm here to bring the memes! And once again, we have a large number of our own users to thank for contributions. There were a few that weren't used, but we appreciate it all the same! Another note about the user contributions, if you could please tell us where you're getting them from, we'd like to be more thorough in crediting them. Many of you are linking to sites that we can easily cite, but others are just linking the images themselves. Thanks guys!
Our first three user contributed memes comes from hunter zarkos! Yeah Link, sure…
And here's a "99 Problems" permutation that I don't think I've ever seen before! (Let me know if you have, I feel like it is a really easy joke.)
Perhaps this is why Nintendo won't let The Legend of Zelda be made into a movie. I mean let's face it, this is what a film series would become…
It's a proven fact that pie charts make everything more scientific! TReXD was kind enough to provide us with this one as well as the next meme.
Memes from The Lion King don't exactly strike me as obvious Zelda fodder, but there you are.
Any bronies in the audience? Any Twilight haters? Good! This one from Shadow Beast should get a laugh.
Whew! That alone would make a healthy post. But we have other stuff to get to! Like this egregious Hyrule National Security hole thanks to sness107.
I think "High Wind Waker" is becoming a meme in its own right, as this anonymous Memebase poster has shown.
Once again, I'm glad I'm not the only one who's thought of this. It was posted anonymously to Memebase, but was originally at monroestein.com.
Now THIS is a crossover I'd like to see happen. Of course, that would have some awkward implications for Super Smash Bros.…Anyway, it was also posted to Memebase anonymously, but was originally from finnichang.com.
Ocarina of Time: Master Quest must give TMT123 a hard time. Of course, the Water Temple is practically a meme of its own, maybe Master Quest will follow?
We've all probably seen this sort of joke done before, but I have to like Shirtoid's 8-bit take on it.
Having a Donkey Kong monster truck is one thing, but this…this is pretty cool.
Here's another perfect memetic fit to a famous moment from Ocarina of Time courtesy of n1chris on Memebase.
Lately, Memebase has been having a field day with animated gifs from alexdraws.tumblr.com featuring the newest Pokémon starters, but here's a Zelda gif that keeps pace with them!
That's it for this week's Majora's Memes! Hopefully next week won't be so late! As always, leave a meme in the comments, but please remember to let us know where you got it from so we can thank both you and the person who made it or posted it!
Source: Memebase , Alex Draws , Shirtoid , FinniChang , Monroestein


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"Damai is being a great mom, and is nursing and grooming both cubs."
"He stopped at the end of the hill and let her out, and she ran to me and said that she needed her mom."
"This only speaks the level of intense devotion to the craft of poetry that this man possesses."
"Virgins make Good Role Models for Their Children"
"I think the unsuccess is a feature, not a bug: the point is to solidify their tribalism."
"Personally, I'm banking on the hope that God's not a monstrous jerk or an incompetent lover."
"To read the story of Adam and Eve as if it were set up to explain human origins is simply wrongheaded."
"Republicans always want to take the sandwich without paying the $5."
"In the Bulletproof security case you have the confluence of a number of trends, none of them good, most of them bizarre and some occasionally funny in a macabre sort of way."
"Of all the ways you can come up with subsidizing a worthy nonprofit organization, a property tax exemption has just about the worst incentive structure you can imagine. If you look at the list of things that churches and other religious institutions spend money on, 'acquiring land and buildings' has got to be one of the least socially beneficial and worthy of encouragement."
"You can basically get Eric Clapton's or Jackson Browne's former backing band to be your backing band on your record for around $2000, total."
"The efficiency standards for ceiling fans were requested by the industry itself so they wouldn't have to deal with a patchwork of state-by-state regulations, and the standards were approved in 2005. For those keeping score at home, in 2005, there was a Republican White House, a Republican-run Senate, and a Republican-run House."
"We started our research seeking men in their twenties who had never consumed pornography. We couldn't find any."
"Church Sign Epic Fails: 'Take That, Westboro'"


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Women are generally concerned about their boobs and the reason is that they are the parts that seek more attention with respect to their health and beauty. It is always better to know some important factors about these organs, such that better care can be provided to them, without worrying about any myths:
Size relies on genes:
There are great chances that genetics play an important role in deciding the size of these organs. Not only its size, but also its shape relies on genetic factors.
Two of them should not always be of the same size:
These twin organs do not have equal size and generally one breast is nearly 1/5th larger as compared to the other. To be more specific, the one on the left side will be larger as compared to the one in the right side.
They are not just made out of fat:
Many women feel that breasts contain just fat. But, other than fat, they have more things and they are the complex combination of glands and ducts. Apart from the fat, even the nipples have more things. Under each of these organs, there is muscle and fibrous tissue that separates it from the ribs. But, when women ages, they turn out to be more of fat content organs.
Gaining weight can make them larger:
The size of the boobs generally relies on the weight a lady has gained. The more fat one has the more will be the size of these organs. However, this does not hold true for all, there are lead women with large boobs as well.
Sagging cannot be avoided:
As age advances, boobs are more prone to sag. However, there are surgical procedures to avoid sagging and also there are herbal remedies in the form of creams and capsules available to prevent and to cure sagging. The other culprits for sagging include smoking, sleeping and gravity. For instance, women, who use to sleep on their stomach, can consider a change in the position as this position tends to sag the boobs at a faster pace.
Exercise can lead to sagging:
Generally, women are recommended to use sports bra when they are exercising. The reason is that exercises can make the boobs move, upward and downwards and even sideways as well. These movements can make them sag at a faster pace.
It will be surprising to know that nearly 6 percent of women from around the globe have a third or even more nipples. These nipples also come with additional breast tissues as well. These additional boobs can also lactate and can become sensitive during menstruation as well. On an average these organs weigh around 1-2 pounds and experts classify nipples under three types and they are normal, flat and inverted nipples.
So, many women have many doubts about these organs and they can get out of these doubts with the help of the facts given above about these organs and can stay informed.


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Customer Reviews
2 Item(s)
per page
- ok helmet Review by helmet
- my helmet i recieved had all original paint but there was about five dents from the inside of the helmet. only buy this if using a Mitchell cover like I'm doing (Posted on 7/10/14)
- ok helmet Review by M1
- I recieved helmet in good condition. Helmet had all original paint, the only thing i was bummed about is the way they stacked the helmets. The helmet has about 5 dents from stacking them together since 1970. If your going to just put a Mitchell cover on it like i did you wont notice it unless you rub your hand across the side or back. (Posted on 6/27/14)
2 Item(s)
per page


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He embarked on this tour as the back-up to the back-up batsman, now Steve Smith is set to be given an unlikely chance for Test redemption.
The suspensions of Shane Watson and Usman Khawaja, along with James Pattinson and Mitchell Johnson, for a breach of team discipline mean the 23-year-old is almost certain to make his first appearance in more than two years in the third Test against India, starting at the Punjab Cricket Association Stadium on Thursday.
Australian captain Michael Clarke said selectors would give wicketkeeper Matthew Wade until the morning of the game to recover from a swollen ankle.
Veteran gloveman Brad Haddin has also joined the squad and will replace the Victorian if he is scratched. Haddin, 35, and Wade, 25, could technically be chosen in the same XI, with one as a specialist batsman, but the likelihood is that Smith, as an original member of the touring party, will be given the nod in the middle order.
''There's no doubt that somebody's loss is somebody else's gain and a big part of international cricket is getting a chance,'' Clarke said.
''A few guys who are going to get a chance in this game have been waiting for this opportunity and now it is about grabbing it with both hands.''
Smith played the last of his five Tests in January 2011 at the SCG, when Australia's 3-1 home loss to England was completed.
The NSW batsman and occasional leg-spinner was a surprise inclusion on the tour having placed well down the list of run-scorers in the Sheffield Shield this season, with 296 runs at an average of 37.
Clarke said he would bat himself at either No. 3 or No. 4 to stiffen up a faltering Australian order that must lift if the tourists - 2-0 down in the series - are to be even a remote chance of retaining the Border-Gavaskar Trophy.


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Welcome to
La Frontera Square
Here, modern living meets cool comforts. The good life awaits you at one of Round Rock's most sought-after apartment communities.
- Select Move-in DateSelect your Move-in Date
- Check Out Our New Units
Property Details
La Frontera Square brings you the best in innovative living. But don't just take our word for it. Check out our amenities, real-time pricing, photo gallery and neighborhood information.
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La Frontera Square offers a community and lifestyle worth talking about.
See what our residents are saying.
What are you waiting for?
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The Sekonic Prodigi Color C-500R is an advanced color meter that's been designed for use digital sensor cameras and camcorders. Key features include:
- Digital-Optimized. The first meter to read the spectral sensitivity of color film, CDCD (CCD) and CMOS sensors used in current digital still and DV cine cameras.
- Measures Color. This is not a light meter, rather a "pre-production" light source color control. It measures and displays color temperature and compensation values in LB/CC index or filter numbers. Color meters are useful in mixed lighting conditions where color accuracy in-camera is a priority.
- Built-in Wireless Trigger. With its internal PocketWizard transmitter, the C-500R can trigger additional PocketWizard units that are connected to strobes. This enables the color meter to trigger strobes without the use of the camera from up to 100 ft away.
- Please Note. This is not a standard light meter. If you attempt to use it in that way, you will not be happy with the results. This is not an item for which we can provide easy training via phone or email. Please plan accordingly and ask any questions you might have early in the rental process.


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Wow, one month since my last blog post. I wanted to give a "shout out" to my recent White House experience which is beginning to feel more and more surreal. Did that really happen to me?
Many of you have been extremely supportive and excited and I cant thank you enough. What an honor, an experience that I will remember for the rest of my life.
I received an email on March 31 (a Saturday) inviting me to attend President Obama's signing on the American JOBS Act. It also asked for my social security number, place of birth and some other very personal information. I immediately ignored the email. My social security number? Over the internet? I put it in the back of my mind thinking that this was spam. It wasn't until I received a follow up email on the following Monday that I began to realize that this might be for real. I sent an email to Slava Rubin, CEO of IndieGoGo (which was the amazing sight that we used for our Crowdfunding Campagin), and asked "Is this real?" I got a quick response back saying YES and that I better be there. This was Tuesday now and I had to leave on Wednesday.
Now many of you have the question "Why were you invited??" The reason for my invitation is mostly because of our crowd funding campaign with IndieGoGo. Over a year ago, Ian and I launched Gift to Greatness , where we raised $15,000 so we could re-design our packaging and print custom bags for our product line. Needless to say, it was a huge success. Friends, family and fans all contributed small to large amounts of money until we reached our final goal. It was amazing to see so many people SUPPORTING our business. We were left eternally grateful and inspired. Even during the campaign, we received a great deal of support from the folks at IndieGoGo themselves. Even one of their founders, Danae, donated to our campaign. They shared it on their newsletter, on social media outlets and sent encouraging emails. When the campaign was over, they used our campaign as an example for media stories that requested them. One of those media outlets was The White House Blog. In Obama's American JOBS act, there is a major portion that talks about crowd funding as a way to raise capitol for small businesses and this bill will allow people to raise higher amounts of money in exchange for shares of a company (rather than lovely gift boxes of macaroons like we did…). There are MANY other pieces to the bill, but this was the piece that our campaign was used as an example for. See that original blog post from the White House HERE (click on "these bakers").
So, being that Ian and I are both very resourceful with our money while managing a quickly growing company, I got a ride to NYC and then took a direct bus to DC. I promise you, I was the only person who was invited to the White House who arrived to DC by bus…I was lucky enough to stay with a friend just outside of the city that night. Right as we got to my friend's place, I received another email from the White House. I was invited to come to a roundtable discussion about the pros and cons of the bill with a few other entrepreneurs and members of the White House. I, of course, said yes, but admit that I was incredibly nervous. When I arrived and went through security, I quickly found Slava and some other entrepreneurs. There were maybe 8-9 of us and then a few members of the White House in the roundtable. We had a very interesting discussion about the American JOBS Act. The risks involved and also the opportunities that it provides to smaller businesses.
I was able to share about how we had taken out a business loan but we weren't ready to take out another one and how using IndieGoGo was the perfect solution and a wonderful experience for us. I was in that room, with an understanding that I was representing the smallest business there. No questions asked. But what was interesting was that no matter the size of the business, there were common threads, issues and needs that we all brought up. That was one of the best parts of the day, getting that we are equal players in this business game. We may have less money and less employees than the other companies, but we are all out to make things happen and that has its challenges. I should say that I THOUGHT this was going to be the best part of the day until I was asked to stay in the conference room after the roundtable. I just got a "You stay here." So I stayed. It was me and three other entrepreneurs. I had no idea what was going on so I just talked to the other people and enjoyed myself. Slowly but surely I noticed that some of our country's congressmen started to walk in. I went over to one of the White House staff members and asked "Why was I asked to stay in here?" He replied, "Oh, because you are going to stand behind the President as he signs the bill. He's about to come in here to greet you all before the ceremony." My eyes widened. I was not expecting that! Soon enough President Obama came into the conference room. We were all standing in a line and he started to make his way down, shaking everyone's hand. He came to me, I introduced myself and he replied with a lovely "Hello Samantha" and moved on to the next person. It was a brief interaction but a powerful one at that. His serious yet kind nature was obvious and it was such an honor to be so close to him. After this we all walked out to The Rose Garden where the ceremony was about to take place. We were lined up according to height? I think? And I was placed right in front (being short has never paid off so well!).
There was press, cameras and a full audience. It was very exciting. The President came to podium and gave a few remarks on the bill and then walked to the small table where we were standing. I watched as The President signed this bill into a law. How many people get to say that in their lifetime?? Not many. When he was done, he turned around, shook all of our hands again and left. After that I made my way to a small reception at a hotel nearby, talked to some of the other attendees, then found a taxi cab and made my way back to the bus station. In shock. As all of this was happening, Ian started getting phone calls from the press about who I was and what our company does. I teased him and said he was hired as my new publicist.
Since I have been back, I have been sharing this story and pictures on our facebook page . I have received so much support about my adventure!! I have also been contacted by a few media outlets and already had the opportunity to write a guest post on The White House Blog. Not only was this a wonderful opportunity for me, but it has been a great way to get our name out there. We are grateful. Thank you again to IndieGoGo and all of their support. If you have ever thought about doing a crowd funding campaign, I highly recommend using them!
Please feel free to post any comments or questions you have below here.
The last thing that I want to say for now is ANYTHING IS POSSIBLE.
Talk to you soon.
With Gratitude,


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NFL Draft > 2009 Prospects > WR > Aaron Kelly
Aaron Kelly Scouting Report
|Clemson Tigers
|Jersey Number:
|Height & Weight:
|6'5 - 190 lbs.
2009 NFL Combine Results
|40-Yard Dash
|Bench press
|Vertical jump
2009 NFL Draft Prospect Scouting Report:
Aaron Kelly, WR, Clemson
Aaron Kelly has been quietly putting up great numbers at Clemson. As a freshman he tallied 575 receiving yards on 47 catches, ranking ninth in Atlantic Coast Conference history in total receiving yards by a freshman. By his junior campaign, the wideout was the team's top receiver when he caught 88 passes for 1,081 yards and 11 touchdowns. Heading into the 2008 season, Kelly needs just three touchdowns to break Clemson's 57-year-old record for career receiving touchdowns. At 6-5 and 190 pounds, Kelly is a tall and thin wide receiver. Do not let the thin part fool you, Kelly is extremely tough and is not afraid to be physical. Even when he can be outmatched by a cornerback, Kelly uses his body very well to shield off defenders. He will likely not be a number one receiver in the NFL, but he could emerge as great secondary option. NFL teams will love his size, tenacity and route running skills. Kelly may need to add a few pounds, but otherwise he has everything he needs to be a quality receiver in the league right now. If he has another season like he did in 2007 in 2008, Kelly could be a second round selection. 10/6 Update: Clemson is off to an extremely disappointing start. The team was ranked in the top ten before the season started and huge things were expected from the offense. It is not all Kelly's fault, but the passing game has faltered and that has left Kelly with just 253 receiving yards through the first five games. For a player who reached the end zone 11 times a year ago, the bigger story is his zero touchdown receptions. There is time for the Tigers to turn their season around, but so far Kelly, and the Clemson offense, has not made a good impression. 12/25 Update: The offense did not get much better, but at least Clemson sort of turned things around and at least ended up in a bowl game. Kelly was the team's top receiver and averaged 54 receiving yards per contest. He also tied for the team lead in touchdown receptions with three. The offense had a ton of issues, but Kelly is still a tall, quick receiver who will have something to prove at the combine. 3/24 Update: Kelly did not do too much to help out his draft stock during the NFL Combine. Somebody will take a chance on his size in the later rounds, but he could end up not being drafted at all. Even if he is not drafted, Kelly has the size and the skills to develop into a decent receiver who can make an impact on many teams.
Last Updated Mar-24-2009 by Joel Welser
0 Comments | Add Yours
There are no comments on this prospect yet.


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School employee with criminal record to keep his job
An Allegheny Intermediate Unit employee convicted of voluntary manslaughter nearly 30 years ago will remain on the job after a state appeals court sided with him over the group's attempt to fire him.
Commonwealth Court ruled on due process grounds in favor of Arthur Johnson of the North Side, who works as a "fatherhood facilitator" for the AIU.
The AIU moved to terminate Johnson this year under a revised state law that imposes a lifetime ban on employment in school districts for people with certain criminal convictions to have direct contact with children.
The judges said the AIU failed to show that firing Johnson served a legitimate governmental purpose.
The ban, Judge Dan Pellegrini wrote for the seven-judge panel, "has no temporal proximity to Johnson's present ability to perform the duties of his position, and it does not bear a real and substantial relationship to the commonwealth's interest in protecting children, it is unreasonable, unduly oppressive and patently beyond the necessities of the offense."
An Allegheny County judge ruled in favor of Johnson, and the state Department of Education appealed. A state agency spokesman declined comment, saying the decision was under review.
Mary Jo Miller, staff attorney for the Pennsylvania State Education Association who represented Johnson, welcomed the ruling and said the AIU knew of Johnson's conviction when it hired him as a van driver in 2001 and that he has been a model employee.
"There's just something not right about telling someone he's done everything he's supposed to do after a terrible and tragic mistake ... but now we've changed our minds, and now we're going to take your job away," Miller said. "And you are forever banned from earning a living in this area."
A five-year ban on school employment for those with homicide convictions became a lifetime ban under a 2011 state law, Pellegrini wrote. The Department of Education told school administrators they could face penalties if they did not act against employees with criminal records that disqualify them from employment.
The Education Department had argued that the ban was justified on the grounds of student safety.
Miller said other similar cases are winding their way through the court system.


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February 21, 2012
10th anniversary of Herrera Law
LFS slams contractualization, calls for a more secure future
"Contractualization continues to be a capitalist tool in plummeting workers' lives in deeper hell. Workers have always been cash-strapped, overworked and debt-ridden; but with the Herrera Law, staying employed is their bigger problem. In this case, the capitalists can do whatever they want, with contractualization removing the workers' right to unionize.
This was the statement of Gemma Canalis, spokesperson for the League of Filipino Students as they join the call to junk the Herrera Law, now on its 10th year.
"The future looks dim with majority of Filipino youth in urban centers seeking jobs in factories and other enterprises offering only contractual work. The government is not doing anything about it. The government knows that Filipinos would do anything to put food on their tables. It wants the youth to remain scampering for jobs, it wants us to beg for oppression."
Canalis said that the Herrera Law is the reason why companies are sitting pretty and would not care even if workers' wages are obviously well below what they really need.
"This government always talks about needing to encourage big businesses to invest in our country. Contractual and cheap, that's the marketting tool the government uses in selling out the country's labor force. Now, in whose interest is the government biased to?", said Canalis.
Canalis also said that the K+12 education program that the government is pushing is very well in line with the set of labor laws the country has. "The government aims to create a huge reserve labor force of semi-skilled workers through the K+12 education program. With contractualization and labor export policy in place, Filipino youth can look forward to slavery after graduation."
"The government seems to think that it can fool the people all the time. With the worsening crisis, and with the government so callous to the people's plight and so blatant in espousing oppression, more and more youth are realizing that there's just no future waiting for them if the system remains this way. The Filipino youth says no to contractualization, no to K+12. We join the Filipino working class in fighting to change the system, in fighting for our future."##


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Shakespeare Electronic Conference, Vol. 4, No. 966. Thursday, 23 December 1993.
Date: Wednesday, 22 Dec 1993 10:40:00 -0500 (EST)
Subject: 4.0964 Re: Shakespeare and the Ancient World
Comment: Re: SHK 4.0964 Re: Shakespeare and the Ancient World
A mentor said to me that the average educated man's bookshelf contained
mostly classics and theology.
I wonder how many of the men and women in the public theater audiences
had any bookshelves at all.


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Force is applied to an upper sensor by the index finger on the right hand (RH) and transmitted to the index finger on the left hand (LH) via a sensor mounted on a lever driven by a torque motor. Computerized control of this system manipulated the occurrence and timing of left index finger sensations in both the absence and presence of right index finger movements.
A-C, Motor effects according to the red F-value scale. D-F, Sensation effects according to the orange F-value scale. G-I, Group effects according to the blue F-value scale. Images are overlaid on a standard T1-weighted magnetic resonance image and shown according to the neurologic convention.
A, Primary somatosensory cortex; B, secondary somatosensory cortex; C, cerebellum. Error bars indicate SEM. M1S1D0 indicates force transmitted synchronously; M1S1D1, force transmitted with delay; and M0S1D0, force transmitted without movement.
Individual-specific data for the schizophrenia group and the associated best-fit line are shown (R2 linear = .214).
eAppendix 1. The relationship between medication dosage and region-of-interest activation
eAppendix 2. Between-group condition-specific effects
eTable 1. Significant whole-brain findings from analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, relating to Figure 2
eTable 2. Gray matter foci of clusters of significant different between-group difference for 3 conditions of interest
Shergill SS, White TP, Joyce DW, Bays PM, Wolpert DM, Frith CD. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Impaired Sensory Prediction in Schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71(1):28-35. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2974
© 2017
Forward models predict the sensory consequences of planned actions and permit discrimination of self- and non–self-elicited sensation; their impairment in schizophrenia is implied by an abnormality in behavioral force-matching and the flawed agency judgments characteristic of positive symptoms, including auditory hallucinations and delusions of control.
To assess attenuation of sensory processing by self-action in individuals with schizophrenia and its relation to current symptom severity.
Design, Setting, and Participants
Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while medicated individuals with schizophrenia (n = 19) and matched controls (n = 19) performed a factorially designed sensorimotor task in which the occurrence and relative timing of action and sensation were manipulated. The study took place at the neuroimaging research unit at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, and the Maudsley Hospital.
In controls, a region of secondary somatosensory cortex exhibited attenuated activation when sensation and action were synchronous compared with when the former occurred after an unexpected delay or alone. By contrast, reduced attenuation was observed in the schizophrenia group, suggesting that these individuals were unable to predict the sensory consequences of their own actions. Furthermore, failure to attenuate secondary somatosensory cortex processing was predicted by current hallucinatory severity.
Conclusions and Relevance
Although comparably reduced attenuation has been reported in the verbal domain, this work implies that a more general physiologic deficit underlies positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Psychosis has a prevalence of 1% in the population and is a devastating disease that strikes in early adulthood, with only 10% of those affected achieving complete remission.1,2 Despite a significant investment in pharmacologic and psychosocial treatment during the last 40 years, 20% to 45% of patients experience significant positive symptoms despite optimal antipsychotic treatment.3,4 The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these distressing symptoms remain unclear. Positive symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations and delusions of control, have been postulated to represent a misattribution of self-generated actions as externally generated as a consequence of a dysfunctional self-monitoring mechanism.5,6 Prediction is fundamental in the physiology of self-monitoring, permitting the sensory consequences of an action to be calculated and used to attenuate the perception related to this sensation.7- 10 The comparison of predicted and actual sensation leads to the sense of agency, whereby concordance signifies that the movement is one's own, whereas discrepancy suggests the movement is externally generated.
In the motor domain, tactile signal attenuation occurs in association with self-generated action. Identical tactile stimuli (eg, tickling or constant forces) are perceived as less intense when self-imposed rather than externally produced.11,12 For example, when required to subjectively match the sensation of an external force, individuals overestimate the force when reproducing it with their own body directly but crucially not when the force is reproduced indirectly via a torque motor.13,14 Investigating this phenomenon in individuals with schizophrenia, Shergill et al 14 observed that patients were significantly more accurate than matched controls in their estimations when applying forces directly to themselves, suggesting a reduction in normal attenuation of self-generated sensation and hence sensory-prediction deficits in these individuals, which may in turn account for their compromised judgment of agency.
In healthy individuals, movement-related tactile attenuation is temporally tuned to match the predicted timing of sensory events.15,16 When force is produced by right index finger movement and transmitted with varying delay to the left index finger via a torque motor, perceptual attenuation is maximal when tap and force are synchronous and reduced when the force is advanced or delayed relative to the right index finger tap. This reduction has a broad and approximately symmetrical temporal profile of approximately 250 milliseconds, which may be explained by prediction inaccuracy, uncertainty, or an inbuilt safety margin to allow for such prediction error.16 We have recently found that the blood oxygen level dependence (BOLD) response in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) associated with a tactile sensation is attenuated (1) after sensation secondary to a self-initiated action compared with an externally initiated action and (2) when movement and sensation are synchronous compared with asynchronous on account of an added delay.17 This finding supports the suggestion that the occurrence of movement and its timing relative to sensation modulate the amplitude of the sensory signal as predicted by forward models.
The neuroimaging evidence implying defective corollary discharge in schizophrenia is largely restricted to the verbal domain. Reduction in the N1 event–related potential component is observed during talking and listening compared with listening alone in healthy individuals but not those with schizophrenia.18 The γ-coherence of electroencephalographic data collected over frontal and temporal lobe regions is greater during talking in healthy individuals but not in those with schizophrenia.19 Relatedly, healthy individuals but not those with schizophrenia exhibit an attenuation in superior temporal gyrus BOLD activation during inner speech compared with listening.20 However, given that misjudgment of agency potentially accounts for a wider range of symptoms of schizophrenia, including delusions of control, in which self-generated action is experienced as originating externally, and auditory hallucinations, it is likely that forward-model deficits are not restricted to the neural systems responsible for language processing. Spence et al21 used positron emission tomography to demonstrate hyperactivation of SII, cerebellum, and anterior cingulate cortex regions during freely selected movements (vs rest) in patients with schizophrenia with passivity symptoms compared with patients without these symptoms and healthy controls. However, although this finding implies sensory-processing abnormality in individuals with passivity problem deficits, this abnormality cannot be ascribed to defective forward-model estimation over compromised sensation per se because the experiment did not investigate sensation in the absence of movement.
We examine these phenomena in individuals with schizophrenia with the aim of explicitly addressing the hypotheses that (1) attenuation of the perceptual BOLD response in SII will be decreased in individuals with schizophrenia compared with control individuals, reflecting impairments in the systems responsible for predicting sensory perception; and (2) the severity of hallucinations, the most prevalent and hence most readily testable symptom potentially attributable to impaired agency judgment, will be associated with the severity of related BOLD impairments in the schizophrenia group.
Nineteen dextral individuals who satisfied the DSM-IV22 criteria for schizophrenia (mean [SD] age, 35.7 [7.9] years; 4 women) and 19 dextral controls (mean [SD] age, 34.2 [8.2] years; 6 women) and were group matched for age, sex, and premorbid IQ, as assessed by the National Adult Reading Test,23 were recruited to take part in this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Ethical approval was provided by the South London and Maudsley Research and Ethics Committee. All participants provided informed written consent and were given a monetary inconvenience allowance for participation in the study.
Patients were excluded if they presented evidence of a comorbid Axis I diagnosis, significant medical illness, or an IQ of less than 85. Symptom severity and classification were assessed in the schizophrenia group using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.24 They scored a mean (SD) of 19.08 (6.16) on the positive subscale, including 3.20 (1.61) for hallucinations; 13.25 (3.84) on the negative subscale; and 35.00 (6.56) on the general psychopathology subscale.
All individuals with schizophrenia were medicated at the time of the study. Seventeen of these patients were prescribed atypical antipsychotic medications (amisulpride [n = 1], clozapine [n = 2], olanzapine [n = 4], quetiapine fumarate [n = 2], risperidone [n = 8]), and 2 were prescribed typical antipsychotic medications (chlorpromazine [n = 1] and flupenthixol depot injection [n = 1]) at time of participation. The chlorpromazine equivalent of antipsychotic medication dosage was calculated according to published conversion tables25 and observed to be a mean (SD) of 197.3 (133.7) mg/d of chlorpromazine.
Healthy volunteers were recruited by local poster advertisement. Respondents were excluded from the study if they reported a personal history of psychiatric or neurologic illness, exhibited a major current physical illness or an IQ less than 85, had a recent history of illicit substance use, or had a history of psychotic illness in a first-degree relative.
Participants performed a sensorimotor task that comprised two 14-minute sessions, containing a total of 200 randomly ordered experimental trials split equally between the experimental conditions and 60 randomly interpolated null trials. The experimental apparatus is depicted in Figure 1 and force measured through the use of 2 pressure sensors mounted one above the other.16 The upper sensor was fixed in space, and the lower was mounted on the end of a lever that was attached to a small torque motor. This apparatus permitted a tap (by the right index finger) on the upper sensor to be transmitted synchronously, asynchronously with a 500-millisecond delay, or not at all to the left index finger. Moreover, the tactile stimulus on the left finger could also be presented in the absence of a right finger tap. The experiment was arranged as 8 experimental conditions in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. The factors were (1) the presence or absence of self-generated movement, that is, the right finger tap on the upper sensor (M1/M0); (2) the presence or absence of a tactile stimulus delivered to the left finger (S1/S0); and (3) the presence or absence of a 500-millisecond delay between the application of the right finger tap and its transmission to the left finger (D1/D0). Thus, the 8 experimental conditions were self-produced tactile stimuli (M1S1), externally produced tactile stimuli (M0S1), and self-produced movement without tactile stimuli (M1S0) and rest (M0S0)—each with and without a 500-millisecond delay (M1S1D0, M1S1D1, M1S0D0, M1S0D1, M0S1D0, M0S1D1, M0S0D0, and M0S0D1). The use of a factorial design necessitated the inclusion of delay trials for each of the 4 primary conditions, although there was no real difference among the trials when the delay coincided with an absence of tactile stimuli. Each trial lasted 6.5 seconds and consisted of a visual cue that indicated tap or do not tap (1 second), a countdown (1.5 seconds), a response period (1 second), and a rest period (3 seconds). Participants viewed a screen onto which visual stimuli were projected through appropriately aligned mirrors mounted on the scanner head coil.
BOLD functional images were acquired on a 3-T system (Signa Excite; General Electric) with an 8-channel head coil using an echo planar imaging sequence with the following parameters: repetition time, 2600 milliseconds; echo time, 30 milliseconds; and flip angle, 90°. In each of two 14-minute sessions, 166 volumes that comprised 40 descending, sequentially ordered 2-mm axial slices (with a 1.6-mm gap between slices) and an in-plane resolution of 3 × 3 mm were acquired.
The fMRI data were preprocessed using SPM5 statistical software (Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University of London). Data were realigned to the first image, normalized to a standard template of the Montreal Neurological Institute brain, and smoothed using an 8-mm full-width at half-maximum gaussian kernel.
First-level event-related general linear models were constructed for each participant. These models included a regressor that predicted the BOLD response to each condition by convolving a vector of Δ functions for the onset of the response instruction for that condition with the canonical hemodynamic response function. The first and second derivatives of these time courses were also calculated and included as further regressors for each condition. Effects of head motion were minimized by the inclusion of 6 realignment parameter vectors as regressors of no interest. First-level contrast images were calculated for the canonical responses to each of the 8 experimental conditions, which were entered into a second-level random-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) model to assess within-subject effects of motion, sensation and delay, and the between-subject effects of group. Significance was ascribed according to a cluster-level criterion (family-wise error–corrected P< .05) based on the spatial extent and number of suprathreshold voxels (uncorrected P< .001).26
In addition to the whole-brain analysis, a region of interest (ROI) approach was adopted to investigate task effects in SI, SII, and cerebellum. For these regions, mean data for a sphere of a 6-mm radius were extracted and activity in these spheres assessed using the same ANOVA models as in whole-head mass univariate analysis. The center of each ROI location was determined using previously published forward-model effects for SII (x = 42, y = −24, z = 18) and cerebellum (x = 22, y = −58, z = −22) according to Blakemore et al.11 For SI, the ROI location was determined using the index finger locus identified in relation to somatotopic organization of SI (x = 49, y = −19, z = 45).27 The SI and SII analyses were limited to gray matter voxels within these using a binarized template mask with the aim of enhancing sensitivity for neuronally derived signals. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess within-subject effects of movement, sensation, and delay on contrast estimates in the 3 ROIs.
To investigate effects of movement and delay on somatosensory activation more explicitly, we conducted a further ROI analysis of the 3 most pertinent experimental conditions: M1S1D0 (force transmitted synchronously), M1S1D1 (force transmitted with delay), and M0S1D0 (force transmitted without movement). To ascertain whether movement significantly reduced concomitant somatosensory responses, we compared mean contrast estimates within these regions for the M1S1D0 and M0S1D0 conditions using a paired-sample t test for each region. To ascertain whether the introduction of delay modulated the predicted somatosensory attenuation, comparisons between the contrast estimates for the M1S1D0 and M1S1D1 conditions were judged using further paired-sample t tests.
Movement-related sensory attenuation was calculated by subtracting the mean contrast estimate for the SII ROI for M1S1D0 trials from that for M0S1D0 trials, given previous observations that sensory attenuation is maximal during coincident movement.16 The association between attenuation and PANSS hallucination score was then evaluated using the Spearman rank test. Focus on hallucinations rather than delusions of control reflects the methodologic advantage associated with their greater prevalence in the schizophrenic population (auditory hallucinations, 70%28; delusions of control, 25%29); however, we propose forward-model deficits as fundamental to symptoms that involve impaired agency judgments more generally. Effects of age, sex, and chlorpromazine equivalent dosage on this association were not covaried out because these variables were observed to be nonsignificantly related to sensory attenuation on the basis of equivalent tests. Further investigation of medication effects on BOLD activation during the experiment is presented in eAppendix 1 in the Supplement.
Significant clusters of activation were observed in bilateral SII and right SI for the main effect of sensation. This and all other significant whole-brain effects are presented in Figure 2; eTable 1 in the Supplement presents statistics that relate to their gray matter foci. The ROI analyses confirmed the significant main effect of sensation in SII (F1,37 = 12.838, P = .001). Post hoc t tests on the ROI data revealed that there was greater activation overall for trials that included tactile sensation compared with those with no sensation (sensation β: 0.44 [0.15]; nonsensation β: 0.01 [0.13]; T37 = 3.582, P = .001). Significant movement × delay × group (F1,37 = 7.436, P = .01) and sensation × delay (F1,37 = 6.198, P = .02) interactions were also observed in the SII ROI. Importantly, a significant movement × sensation × delay × group interaction (F1,37 = 4.873, P = .03) was also observed in this region. This effect is plausibly accountable to varying patterns of abnormal processing (see eAppendix 2 and eTable 2 in the Supplement). Healthy individuals demonstrated significant attenuation of SII activation when movement and sensation occurred synchronously compared with sensation alone (M1S1D0 vs M0S1D0: T18 = 2.415, P = .03) and also compared with asynchronous movement and sensation (M1S1D0 vs M1S1D1: T18 = 3.745, P = .001); however, individuals with schizophrenia exhibited nonsignificant differences between these conditions. These results are presented in Figure 3. No other main or interaction effects were significant in SII. In the schizophrenia group, the degree of movement-related sensory attenuation was significantly negatively correlated with the PANSS hallucination score (ρ = −0.477, P = .04; Figure 4).
Self-generated movement produced significant clusters of activation in the right anterior cerebellum, left primary motor cortex, and bilateral supplementary motor area (Figure 2 and eTable 1 in the Supplement). The ROI analyses also demonstrated a significant main effect of group for cerebellar activation (F1,37 = 18.190, P < .001). The t tests on the cerebellar ROI mean contrast estimates across conditions demonstrated that healthy individuals exhibited greater activation than patients (control β: 1.39 [0.22]; patient β: 0.30 [0.12]; T37 = 4.27, P < .001). Significant main effects of self-generated movement (F1,37 = 31.828, P < .001) and sensation (F1,37 = 4.98, P = .03) were also observed in the cerebellar ROI. Post hoc t tests demonstrated that activity here was greater in movement than nonmovement conditions (movement β: 1.45 [0.28]; nonmovement β: 0.23 [0.16]; T37 = 5.63, P < .001) and in sensation than nonsensation conditions (sensation β: 0.96 [0.18]; nonsensation β: 0.72 [0.15]; T37 = 2.26, P = .03). The ROI activation was greater when movement occurred with both synchronous and asynchronous sensation compared with when sensation was experienced without movement for both healthy individuals (M1S1D0 vs M0S1D0: T18 = 3.13, P = .006; M1S1D1 vs M0S1D0: T18 = 6.42, P < .001) and individuals with schizophrenia (M1S1D0 vs M0S1D0: T18 = 3.47, P = .003; M1S1D1 vs M0S1D0: T18 = 2.90, P = .01; Figure 3). No other main or interaction effects were significant in the cerebellum.
In addition to the whole-brain main effect of sensation observed in SI, significant main effects of self-generated movement (F1,37 = 4.58, P = .04), sensation (F1,37 = 12.52, P = .001), and delay (F1,37 = 4. 18, P = .04) were observed in the SI ROI. The t tests revealed that activation was greater during movement compared with nonmovement trials (movement β: 0.51 [0.18]; nonmovement β: 0.22 [0.14]; T37 = 2.16, P = .04), sensation compared with nonsensation trials (sensation β: 0.54 [0.15]; nonmovement β: 0.19 [0.16]; T37 = 3.53, P = .001), and delay compared with nondelay trials (delay β: 0.48 [0.16]; nondelay β: 0.26 [0.15]; T37 = 2.22, P = .03). A significant main effect of group (F1,37 = 5.56, P = .02) was also observed in the SI ROI, with greater activation in healthy individuals compared with individuals with schizophrenia (control β: 0.70 [0.24]; patient β: 0.04 [0.14]; T37 = 2.36, P = .02). Nonsignificant differences in SI activation were observed in both groups among the 3 conditions of interest (Figure 3). No other main or interaction effects were significant in SI.
Evidence indicates that the engineering-based models that describe forward or predictive models in motor control are useful in describing sensorimotor learning30,31 and putative deficits can be linked to behavioral changes evident in schizophrenia.14 However, little work has tested the neural basis for these putative deficits using fMRI,20,32 although there are positive findings from electrophysiology,18,19,33 which has less regional specificity. This article reveals the physiologic mechanism underlying this defective sensorimotor prediction in schizophrenia. First, patients with schizophrenia do not demonstrate attenuation in somatosensory cortical activation in association with self-generated movement, in contrast to healthy individuals who exhibited significant reductions in SII activation during synchronous self-generated movement compared with when sensation occurs in the absence of self-movement or when sensation is delayed relative to self-movement. Second, this lack of attenuation in patients with schizophrenia is predicted by the severity of their hallucinatory experiences.
These findings provide a cerebral basis for the increasing body of behavioral evidence that suggests that impaired motor prediction leads to a set of symptoms of schizophrenia explicable by a fundamental misjudgment of agency.14,34- 37 Comorbidity of these symptoms38 feasibly suggests a shared pathophysiologic mechanism; however, this model does not address complex phenomenologic features of these symptoms.39,40 Nevertheless, our earlier findings have been replicated by Teufel et al,35 who demonstrated that healthy individuals overestimate force when directly applying it to their finger compared with when applying it to a slider. Limiting their study to healthy individuals, with the rationale that individuals with psychotic illness merely occupy an extreme position on a normally distributed population-wide phenotypic continuum, they reported an inverse association between force estimation and delusional ideation. Since this and our current results were not confounded by medication effects, it is unlikely that antipsychotic medication accounts for the predictive impairments observed in individuals with schizophrenia.
Although forward models are an integral part of the process of judging agency, by comparing the predicted sensory state specified by a self-generated movement and the actual sensory state, several additional processes are necessary to facilitate flexible control, online correction, and movement coordination.41 In a study in which individuals performed arm-pointing movements and received visual feedback via a virtual-reality relay, Synofzik et al37 observed that individuals with schizophrenia were less able to detect manipulation in visual feedback and that severity of delusions of influence predicted this performance impairment. The former implies a preference for visual over kinesthetic feedback in schizophrenia on account of kinesthetic inaccuracy. Similarly, during smooth-pursuit eye movements, which require dissociation of self-induced movement from both object and background movement, individuals with schizophrenia were less accurate at parsing environmental movement and self-induced image movement (attributing their own movements to the environment) with those experiencing delusions of control particularly impaired in this regard.34 The extent to which sensory feedback can assist forward-model updating depends on behavioral context and movement specifics. Nevertheless, future research should aim to dissociate impairments attributable to aberrant updating of models by sensory feedback from those caused by inaccurate prediction of sensation; electroencephalography represents a particularly apposite method for such work.
Impaired sensorimotor prediction has been previously observed during speech-based tasks using neuroimaging18- 20; however, our findings suggest that the effects of impaired prediction are evident across multiple functional domains. The association between severity of hallucinatory experience and finger movement–related forward-model phenomena reveals a cross-modal aspect to deficits in sensory prediction, although it is emphasized that this association should not necessarily be considered specific to hallucinations but rather indicative of a fundamental aberrance with multiple potential cognitive sequelae. A parsimonious explanation of the verbal and motor impairments that have now been observed is that they are downstream effects of a generalized forward-model estimation inaccuracy. The neural source of this impairment is not yet known, but a critical role for the cerebellum is intimated by findings that developmental damage and transcranial-magnetic stimulation virtual lesions produce behavioral deficits suggestive of a compromised ability to predict the sensory consequences of action.42- 44 Blakemore et al11 observed correlates of tactile attenuation in the right cerebellum in healthy controls, when movement accompanied sensation compared with when sensation occurred alone, implying that cerebellar activity mirrors the pattern of response in the sensory cortex. Our current findings of significant effects of movement and sensation in the cerebellum suggest that the cerebellum is adequately performing its comparator function across both study groups. However, a main effect of group was observed for cerebellar activity across conditions. It is possible that the between-group differences in attenuation observed in SII are the result of diminished cerebellar activity in the patient group.
In summary, this work presents a physiologic basis for the predictive deficits previously reported in schizophrenia using the force-match task.14,35 Unlike healthy individuals, individuals with schizophrenia do not attenuate predictable sensory signals, suggesting that they are unable to predict the sensory consequences of their own actions. Although comparably reduced attenuation has been previously reported in the verbal domain, this work finds for the first time, to our knowledge, that this physiologic deficit is exhibited more generally. This discovery opens the way for examination of a tripartite cognitive, neurophysiologic, and psychopharmacologic investigation to examine the therapeutic potential of this approach to explain the mechanisms underlying psychotic illness.
Submitted for Publication: February 1, 2013; final revision received April 25, 2013; accepted June 23, 2013.
Corresponding Author: Sukhwinder S. Shergill, BSc, PhD, MBBCh, FRCPsych, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF United Kingdom (email@example.com).
Published Online: November 6, 2013. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2974.
Author Contributions: Dr Shergill had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Study concept and design: Shergill, Bays, Wolpert, Frith.
Acquisition of data: Shergill, Joyce.
Analysis and interpretation of data: Shergill, White, Joyce, Frith.
Drafting of the manuscript: Shergill, White.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Shergill, White, Joyce, Frith.
Obtained funding: Shergill.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Shergill, Bays, Frith.
Study supervision: Shergill, Wolpert, Frith.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Funding/Support: This work was supported by a Medical Research Council New Investigator award to Dr Shergill, developed by the National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, and further supported by a joint infrastructure grant from Guy's and St Thomas' Charity and the Maudsley Charity.
Additional Contributions: We thank all the volunteers for their participation in this study.


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The city of Surrey is pushing for the removal of 150 slot machines from Newton Square Bingo Hall, saying the owner of the property is not likely to meet deadlines that would allow the machines to stay.
On Monday, council unanimously passed a motion brought forward by Mayor Dianne Watts that asks staff to review the project and recommends asking B.C. Lottery Corp. to remove the machines, which were installed on a conditional basis in 2012 and have become a flash-point in concerns about public safety and quality of life in the neighbourhood.
The slot machines were supposed to be temporary while talks were under way for a proposed South Surrey casino. The project was rejected last year. Now, Gateway Casinos and Entertainment – which owns Newton Square and had contemplated moving the slot machines to the casino had it been approved – is expected to do a $20-million overhaul of the Newton site.
"There were some specific timelines in terms of construction starts and completion," Ms. Watts said on Tuesday. "Because construction has not yet started on Phase One or Phase Two, those temporary slots need to be removed."
The mall is in a neighbourhood that came under an unwelcome spotlight after Julie Paskall was attacked and beaten in a recreation centre parking lot on Dec. 29 and died of her injuries two days later.
Ms. Paskall's death brought an outpouring of concern from residents and business owners about crime, drug dealing and other issues in the neighbourhood, including increased gambling opportunities.
A spokeswoman for Gateway said permitting issues with the city have caused delays.
"We are diligently pursuing this redevelopment, but with these permits still pending, we are kind of in a holding pattern," Gateway spokeswoman Tanya Gabara said. "We do own Newton Square mall and we are committed to redeveloping the whole mall."
Gateway was not aware its proposal would be on the agenda at Monday's council meeting and hopes it can work with the city to get negotiations back on track, Ms. Gabara said.
"Through this [staff] report, we are encouraged to work with the city to hopefully have some really positive and constructive dialogue that will help us proceed to construction as fast as possible," she said. "We are trying to move forward with this plan that would include our community gaming centre and we are still in that process with the city."
Surrey is "well within our rights" to ask for removal of the slot machines, Councillor Barinder Rasode said on Tuesday.
"I have been a strong advocate of having them removed from Newton," Ms. Rasode said, adding that the temporary slots did not mesh with a city gaming policy that requires gambling operations to be with other amenities such as a theatre or hotel.
"Newton never had that," Ms. Rasode said.
Asked if her motion reflects changing attitudes toward gambling on behalf of the city, Ms. Watts said it had more to do with the location of the slot machines.
"I don't think there is a move to eradicate slot machines," she said, adding that Fraser Downs Racetrack and Casino has them. "What we do want to do is make sure they are in the appropriate areas...there are better places for it."
In Vancouver, Paragon Gaming is working on issues related to its conditional approval by the city's development permit board in December, spokeswoman Tamara Hicks said Tuesday in an e-mail.
Paragon Gaming has proposed a $535-million urban resort with a casino, hotels and other amenities.
The city's development permit board approved the project in December with conditions that would require management to address problem gambling, alcohol use and other related health concerns raised in a 2013 report.
The urban resort project is to be overseen by Michael Graydon, who resigned as president and CEO of BCLC in January and in February was named president of Paragon affiliate PV Hospitality.
Mr. Graydon's move to Paragon, a BCLC contractor, resulted in questions about a potential conflict of interest.
Last month, provincial finance minister Mike DeJong ordered a review of Mr. Graydon's hiring to look at those concerns. That review is under way.Report Typo/Error
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