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This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
This paper measures tobacco polices in statewide representative samples of secondary and mixed schools in Victoria, Australia and Washington, US (N = 3,466 students from 285 schools) and tests their association with student smoking. Results from confounder-adjusted random effects (multi-level) regression models revealed that the odds of student perception of peer smoking on school grounds are decreased in schools that have strict enforcement of policy (odds ratio (OR) = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.82; p = 0.009). There was no clear evidence in this study that a comprehensive smoking ban, harsh penalties, remedial penalties, harm minimization policy or abstinence policy impact on any of the smoking outcomes.
The number of young people smoking in Australia and the United States (US) has decreased steadily since the mid-1990s [
Schools have been considered ideal sites in which to deliver tobacco prevention programs since they capture the majority of youth across a large time period which includes the ages most young people initiate smoking. In response, schools have implemented curriculum-based smoking prevention programs or "drug education" in some form or other since the 1980s. In addition to prevention curricula, the majority of secondary schools in the US and Australia develop and implement tobacco policies that describe expectations for tobacco use in the school environment and detail the consequences for those found violating policy restrictions [
Research into the effectiveness of school tobacco policies has been conducted over the last fifteen years but methodological issues have precluded any definitive conclusions as to the impact of school policies on student smoking and what policy components are important [
Comprehensive smoking bans represent the most restrictive form of smoking policy in that they prohibit any smoking on school grounds by students, staff and visitors thereby serving to establish a "smoke free school". Whilst some earlier studies have reported inverse relationships between policy comprehensiveness and student tobacco use [
The specific actions taken in response to students who violate school smoking policies are likely to be an important component of their impact. Whilst nearly all secondary schools ban student smoking the events following a policy violation may vary considerably and this demonstrates how schools can view and use their tobacco policies in differing ways. On the one hand schools might regard student smoking solely as a disciplinary matter and issue harsh consequences (such as expulsion or out of school suspension) to policy violators, or alternatively the school might view student smoking more as a health issue and offer remedial consequences such as counseling, cessation or education programs whilst working to maintain the student in the school setting. In many cases a combination of these two approaches will be employed. Few studies have examined the impact of this variation on student smoking.
The terms "abstinence" and "harm minimization" often occur in the context of drug and alcohol policies. Abstinence refers to the goal of no drug use and in the context of school tobacco policies implies that schools promote a non-smoking ideal. Harm minimization, as a principle, is more accepting of the fact that a number of young people will experiment with tobacco and, whilst promoting abstinence as the means of least harm from tobacco, also aims to work with students who have experimented with smoking and are in the early stages of becoming a regular smoker. Abstinence-focused approaches would be more likely to apply punishment to this group of students since they have violated abstinence policies.
This paper reports results from the International Youth Development Study (IYDS), a longitudinal study of a range of adolescent behaviors in statewide representative samples of school students in Washington State, US and Victoria, Australia. These two states provide interesting samples to study school policy effects since they share many demographic, economic and ethnic similarities but differ in their frameworks for addressing youth drug use. Australian policies have explicitly endorsed the goal of harm minimization whereas in the US encouraging abstinence and delaying first use remain important prevention priorities. In addition to a comprehensive student survey the IYDS collected detailed information on the drug policies of each of the sampled schools via a questionnaire administered to the Principal or nominated staff member. A review of schools' reports of their drug policies in Wave 1 of the Study confirmed that schools in each state implemented policies consistent with national policy frameworks [
Cross-sectional data used in this analysis were collected during the second year (2003) of the International Youth Development Study (IYDS), a longitudinal research study of adolescent substance use patterns in Washington State and Victoria. Procedures for the IYDS sampling, school administrator survey and student survey have been described previously [
The measure of current tobacco use was a binary indicator of self-reported smoking. Students were asked, "How frequently have you smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days?" Response options ranged from 'not at all' to '40 or more cigarettes a day' on an 8-point scale. Students responding 'not at all' were assigned to a 'non-smoker' group and those responding 'less than one a day' or more were assigned to a 'current smoker' group.
To measure daily smoking students were asked "Have you smoked in the past year?" Those responding 'almost every day or everyday' were classified as daily smokers and those responding 'never', 'once or twice', 'once in a while but not regularly', 'regularly, but less than every day' as non-daily smokers.
Students were asked to rate student smoking on school grounds by their agreement to the following item: "many students smoke on school grounds without getting caught". The response set was rated on a four point scale from 'YES!', through 'yes' and 'no' to 'NO!'. Those responding 'YES!' or 'yes' were classified as perceiving that many students smoke on school grounds and those responding 'NO!' or 'no' were classified otherwise.
Schools were rated as possessing a comprehensive smoking ban if they responded yes to all of the following 4 questions: Are your teachers and staff covered by a policy that prohibits tobacco use in the school building?; …on school grounds?; …during school related activities where students are present?; Are visitors to the school covered by a policy that prohibits tobacco use on school grounds?
To index policy orientation toward abstinence and harm minimization principles, administrators were asked to indicate the degree to which the following two statements described their school: "School policies emphasize total abstinence from drug use" and "School policies are based on the assumption that most youth will experiment with drugs", respectively. Response options ranged from 'not at all' (1) to 'a lot' (5).
School administrators were asked to rate the enforcement of their school's substance use policy on a 4-point scale. Policy was rated as strictly enforced ('very strict' response) or not strictly enforced ('moderately strictly', 'not very strictly' or 'not at all strictly' responses).
School administrator reports of how often students caught using or possessing tobacco on school grounds or at school events received a particular response were used to classify 'harsh' and 'remedial' punishments for tobacco policy violations. For a harsh response, school administrators had to respond 'almost always or always' to one or more of the following three responses: expulsion, calling the police and out of school suspension. For a remedial response school administrators had to respond 'almost always or always' to one or more of the following three responses: referred to a school counselor or nurse, recommended to participate in an assistance, education, or cessation program or required to participate in an assistance, education, or cessation program.
A single measure of honesty was calculated based on student responses to 3 survey items including use of a fictional drug as described in greater detail in [
State, gender, age and family SES were investigated as potential confounders of the relationships between school policies and smoking outcomes. A single composite measure of family SES was calculated from responses to questions on maternal and paternal education status and family income provided in a separate telephone interview with a parent/guardian of each student in Wave 1 of the study as described in [
The school policy, smoking outcome and potential confounding variables were summarized, for each state separately, using means and standard deviations for symmetrical variables, medians and interquartile ranges for non-symmetrical quantitative variables and numbers and percentages for categorical variables. The Chi-squared test was used to compare the categorical school policy and student smoking variables between states and independent samples
The number and proportion of schools reporting use of various policy types are also given in
The random effects logistic regression models used to investigate associations between aspects of school tobacco policy and student smoking were conducted for the combined Washington and Victoria datasets as tests of interaction provided no strong evidence of differential effects between states. The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for associations with current smoking are given in
In addition to looking at the impact of school policy components on current smokers we investigated the associations with policy on more established smokers as defined by having smoked on an almost daily or daily basis over the past year. The results (shown in
Results of associations between school policy components and perceptions of peer school smoking are reported in
Schools develop and implement smoking policies in order to protect students and school staff from the harmful effects of environmental tobacco exposure and to convey the message that student smoking is not acceptable. Whether school smoking policies are an effective tool for preventing youth smoking remains to be proven. This paper investigated the associations between various types of school tobacco policy and student smoking as well as student perceived smoking on school grounds in two states with differing drug policy backgrounds.
Interestingly, there was no strong evidence in this study of an association between a comprehensive smoking ban and student smoking and so the issue of whether school smoking bans reduce student smoking remains equivocal. In an earlier UK study [
Strict enforcement of school tobacco policies was associated with a reduction in the perception of peer smoking on school grounds and although it did not remain as an independent predictor of current and daily smoking when controlling for other factors there is a suggestion that strict enforcement could be impacting on student self-reported smoking. There has been speculation that the enforcement of anti-smoking policies is of greater importance than the detailed contents of the policy such that minor improvements to content are unlikely to have a great effect on a consistently enforced policy [
There was no strong evidence of associations between schools' reported use of harsh or remedial consequences and student self-reported current or daily smoking in the current study. The detected association between harsh penalties and decreased student perceptions of peer smoking at school is suggestive that such policies might reduce perceptions of peer smoking. This effect might be important because students are known to be influenced by peer smoking (especially amongst older students) at school [
This study also attempted to determine the differential impact, if any, of school administrator perceptions that their school smoking policies were underpinned by harm minimization or abstinence principles. In the unadjusted analyses we found some evidence of associations between policy type and current student smoking such that abstinence-based policies were associated with reduced odds of current and daily smoking and perceptions of student smoking on school grounds and harm minimization-based policies with increased odds of all three smoking-related outcomes. Results from our previous studies [
The current study has a number of limitations that should be noted. Reports of school smoking policies were collected from a single respondent from each school. Although this respondent was most commonly the school Principal or another staff member deemed by the Principal to be most knowledgeable of school drug policies it is possible that this single respondent might have been misinformed or subject to response bias. Measuring school policy documentation and implementation would ideally involve review and coding of actual policy documents and on-site observations by research staff although this approach would be extremely costly and time-consuming in practice. One advantage of this study is the collection of school policy information from students as well as school personnel, and we have shown previously that these 2 sources of information are well aligned [
This study has measured the degree to which aspects of school tobacco policies influence student smoking behaviors. Although there was only evidence for an impact of strict enforcement of school tobacco policy on student perceptions of smoking on school grounds this study suggests many avenues for further research. One of the first areas in which school tobacco policies might have an impact would be a reduction in the numbers of students smoking on school grounds and so future studies should incorporate a measure of self-reported smoking at school in addition to the peer use measure used in the current study. It is important to investigate the impacts of school tobacco policies on future as well as concurrent student smoking since at least part of the aim of school policies is to shape students intentions and future behaviors. Further investigation using longitudinal data from the IYDS will improve understanding of the impact of school smoking policy on student behavior by measuring student smoking and school tobacco policy over several years and will provide a stronger basis for causal inferences. Investigation of plausible mediating and moderating factors will allow us to unpack the potentially complex pathways by which policy documentation and enforcement might influence student understandings, beliefs, values and behaviors regarding tobacco use. For example, a model in which the influence of written policy and policy enforcement is mediated via student perceptions of school policy and student values and intentions towards smoking could be tested. Such studies will also investigate the differential impact of policy components on different genders and ages. Once a greater understanding of the impact of school tobacco policies on student smoking has been obtained, it might be possible to test some of the important components in a large-scale randomized controlled trial. The development of an effective policy, that works to reduce student smoking both in the immediate and the longer-term whilst taking into account other wellbeing and academic outcomes, is worthy of such efforts since policy is a relatively inexpensive and universal approach to youth smoking prevention.
The writing of the manuscript was supported by grant #DA012140-05 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and grant #491241 from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. The postdoctoral position of Obi Ukoumunne is funded by NHMRC Population Health Capacity Building Grant (#436914). John W. Toumbourou is supported by a VicHealth Senior Research Fellowship. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies. The authors would like to thank the young people, parents and school personnel involved in the IYDS for their cooperation, without which this research would not have been possible. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers of an earlier version of this paper for their helpful comments.
Frequencies (percentages)
|882 (49.6)
|822 (48.7)
|Age, mean (sd)
|15.1 (1.1)
|14.9 (1.0)
|Family SES, median (interquartile range)
|2.04 (1.9 to 2.4)
|1.90 (1.5 to 2.3)
|Current tobacco use
|167 (9.5)
|310 (18.5)
|Daily tobacco use
|41 (2.3)
|119 (7.1)
|Students perceive school smoking
|615 (34.9)
|1,071 (63.8)
|Comprehensive smoking ban
|144 (96.0)
|96 (73.3)
|Harsh punishment for tobacco violations
|67 (46.5)
|27 (22.3)
|Remedial punishment for tobacco violations
|89 (61.8)
|59 (48.0)
|Strictly enforced policy
|139 (90.9)
|77 (58.8)
|Abstinence policy, mean (sd)
|4.68 (0.8)
|3.81 (1.3)
|Harm minimization policy, mean (sd)
|2.29 (1.2)
|3.05 (1.2)
Except where otherwise indicated;
Range of sample sizes were 1,653 to 1,777 for Washington and 1,576 to 1,689 for Victoria;
Range of sample sizes (number of schools) were 144 to 153 for Washington and 121 to 131 for Victoria.
Unadjusted and adjusted associations between student current smoking (1 or more times in past 30 days) and school level policy variables.
|Comprehensive smoking ban
|(0.44 to 1.06)
|(0.59 to 1.25)
|Harsh penalties
|(0.50 to 1.01)
|(0.73 to 1.35)
|Remedial penalties
|(0.71 to 1.34)
|(0.88 to 1.51)
|Strict enforcement
|(0.36 to 0.69)
|(0.57 to 1.05)
|Abstinence policy
|(0.74 to 0.95)
|(0.83 to 1.04)
|Harm minimization policy
|(1.06 to 1.34)
|(0.99 to 1.21)
Adjusted for control variables state, gender, age and family SES. Unadjusted relationships between control variables and student current smoking are: state (Washington) OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.63, p < 0.001; gender (female) OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.83, p < 0.001; age OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.55, p < 0.001; family SES OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.62, p < 0.001.
Sample sizes ranged from 3,208 to 3,421 students for unadjusted models and from 3,110 to 3,316 students for adjusted models.
Unadjusted and adjusted associations between student daily smoking (smoking almost every day or every day in past year) and school level policy variables.
|Comprehensive smoking ban
|(0.33 to 1.29)
|(0.53 to 1.69)
|Harsh penalties
|(0.38 to 1.18)
|(0.62 to 1.67)
|Remedial penalties
|(0.56 to 1.58)
|(0.72 to 1.69)
|Strict enforcement
|(0.20 to 0.56)
|(0.44 to 1.12)
|Abstinence policy
|(0.64 to 0.97)
|(0.80 to 1.13)
|Harm minimization policy
|(0.99 to 1.45)
|(0.85 to 1.20)
Adjusted for control variables state, gender, age and family SES. Unadjusted relationships between control variables and student daily smoking are: state (Washington) OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.49, p < 0.001; gender (female) OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.21, p=0.01; age OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.81, p < 0.001; family SES OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.45, p < 0.001.
Sample sizes ranged from 3,200 to 3,413 students for unadjusted models and from 3,105 to 3,311 students for adjusted models.
Unadjusted and adjusted associations between student perception of student smoking on school grounds and school level policy variables.
|Comprehensive smoking ban
|(0.26 to 1.30)
|(0.67 to 2.89)
|Harsh penalties
|(0.22 to 0.76)
|(0.42 to 1.22)
|Remedial penalties
|(0.44 to 1.42)
|(0.70 to 1.91)
|Strict enforcement
|(0.10 to 0.35)
|(0.25 to 0.82)
|Abstinence policy
|(0.54 to 0.87)
|(0.71 to 1.11)
|Harm minimization policy
|(1.18 to 1.83)
|(0.97 to 1.43)
Adjusted for control variables state, gender, age and family SES. Unadjusted relationships between control variables and student perception of student smoking on school grounds are: state (Washington) OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.30, p < 0.001; gender (female) OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.59, p = 0.005; age OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.61, p < 0.001; family SES OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.83, p < 0.001.
Sample sizes ranged from 3,209 to 3,422 students for unadjusted models and from 3,111 to 3,317 students for adjusted models.


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A sniffling Wauwatosa weekend filled with cheese and charity
"Bar Month" at OnMilwaukee.com is back for another round! The whole month of February, we're serving up intoxicatingly fun articles on bars and clubs -- including guides, the latest trends, bartender profiles and more. Grab a designated driver and dive in!
It wasn't an auspicious beginning to the weekend. I spent the first half of Saturday in bed with Kleenex shoved in my nose trying to recover from a wicked cold that I'm fairly sure everyone I work with has come down with in the last week. I should've been sleeping but one of my guilty pleasures is "Law & Order SVU" and of course there was a marathon on that day, as there almost always is. So no restorative sleep for me, but I was lazy enough to start feeling better anyway.
I managed to drag myself out of bed in just enough time to shower, purchase some DayQuil and head out to Wauwatosa for the Christ King School auction. I'd never been to an event like this, but anything that benefits kids' education I'm all for.
First stop was the buffet and the food was a pleasant surprise. Honestly, after not eating anything all day until 8:30 p.m., I suppose cold oatmeal would've been an amazing meal but this was so much better than that. A nice, loaded salad bar, pasta station, carving station with turkey and beef options (in case you don't regularly follow my blog, I don't eat meat so I really cannot speak to this aspect), and a mashed potato bar.
Yes, you read that correctly, mashed potato bar. I love mashed potatoes, even the cheap flakes version, but this was nothing like that. Served like a scoop of ice cream in embassy champagne glasses, we had the option of regular or red skinned mashed taters. I always opt for red skinned potatoes when there's a choice, and always with the skins mashed in. The only thing better is mashed sweet potatoes. Toppings included mushrooms, scallions, cheddar cheese, sour cream and bacon. It was truly awesome.
There was also a dessert table, but we were all so stuffed we could barely think about sweets, which is too bad because they were all homemade by families associated with the Christ King School.
The auction itself was extensive. The silent auction had table after table of items to bid on from a hand painted, custom window, to babysitting services by local kids. The live auction had trips and sports packages, any of which I would've gladly bid on if I had a little more stuffed in the piggy bank.
We won… nothing. We did however do a pretty good job of peer-pressuring those around us into bidding higher than they'd probably set out to. Nothing like one too many glasses of wine and a room full of people cheering to convince you to raise that little bidding number. It was all in good fun and for a good cause.
From Mount Mary College we headed over to Colonel Hearts, 7342 W. State St. in Tosa. I remember before the smoking ban had gone into effect I could barely walk into this place without hacking up a lung. Now, it's a nice little hang out. I'll admit, we sang along loudly to some songs we shouldn't have, but it was a fun end to the night. Then back to the Kleenex-up-the-nose look.
Sunday was so beautiful out I had to keep pinching myself to make sure I wasn't dreaming. I kept asking, "Where am I? What time of year is it?" We were still out in Tosa so we went over to Leff's, 7208 W. State St., to watch the Marquette game. Leff's has a Sunday build-your-own-bloody deal for $4.
If I order a Bloody Mary and it doesn't come back spicy and full of olives, brussels sprouts, asparagus and a pickle, I'm deeply disappointed. So, for obvious reasons I'm all about the build-your-own-bloody. I could use a quarter shaker of black pepper and still not be happy with the spice level of my bloody. So with free range of the spice rack and the pickled goods, I was thrilled.
I decided to give the grilled cheese a whirl, adding grilled green peppers, tomato and pickles. I was hesitant about the pickles but the waiter assured me I wouldn't regret it. And I didn't. The only thing I regretted was not asking about the cheese before ordering.
This is Wisconsin so you would think our cheese selection is amazing enough that American cheese isn't even a part of our vocabulary, yet I cannot even count the number of times I've ordered a grilled cheese expecting to bite into a mouthful of local, rich, real cheese, only to find a square of solidified Cheese Whiz.
Highly unsatisfactory to say the very least. The veggies on the sandwich made it worth it, but, call me a cheese snob, call me unpatriotic if you must, but I am not an American cheese fan. Never have been, never will be.
The weekend went too quickly as it always does, but it was a lot of fun and Sunday was just the beginning of the beautiful warm up weather. Just as the deep cabin fever was setting in. So did the blizzard reprieve us from another six weeks of winter? The groundhog couldn't get out of his burrow, let alone get freaked by his own shadow. Which means spring starts next week, right?
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Corpus Christi hooks series-opening win at Hammons Field
By Springfield Cardinals | June 26, 2014 12:20 AM ET
Springfield, MO - The Corpus Christi Hooks claimed the series-opening win, 7-4, against the Springfield Cardinals before 3,941 fans at Hammons Field on Wednesday night.
After Cardinals RHP Sam Gaviglio and Hooks LHP David Rollins alternated four scoreless innings apiece, the Cardinals (3-4, 37-40) broke through in the bottom of the fifth inning against the Corpus Christi bullpen.
With one down and the bases empty in the fifth, 2B Breyvic Valera worked a walk from RHP Travis Ballew. LF David Popkins followed with a double, advancing Valera to third base. C Travis Tartamella worked a walk to load the bases, before CF Mike O'Neill promptly unloaded the bases with a two-run single up the middle, plating Valera and Popkins. A base hit by SS Aledmys Diaz loaded the bases again and ended the outing of Ballew, who gave way to RHP Brady Rodgers (W, 3-9). Facing Rodgers, C Cody Stanley belted a deep RBI sacrifice fly to the wall in left field, enabling Tartamella to come home for the 3-0 lead.
After five shutout frames by Gaviglio, the Hooks (3-4, 37-40) got on the board against the Cardinals right-hander in the top of the sixth. With runners at the corners and two down, the Hooks attempted a delayed double steal. LF Leo Heras took off from first base on the pitch, drawing a throw from Tartamella. On the throw to second, RF Andrew Aplin then took off from third trying to score. Aplin beat the throw from SS Aledmys Diaz, which also bounced slightly away from home, enabling Heras to advance to third on the error. C Rene Garcia then struck with an RBI single, scoring Heras to bring the Hooks within one run of tying it, 3-2.
After RHP Mitch Harris retired the final out in the sixth, the Hooks completed the comeback and moved in front in the top of the seventh. Harris struck out the first batter of the frame, before 2B Tony Kemp knocked a ground-rule double to right field. LHP Ryan Sherriff (L, 2-2) took over on the mound to face DH Ruben Sosa, who drove an RBI triple to straightaway center field, bringing in Kemp for the 3-3 tie. After a pop out for the second out of the inning, 3B Jonathan Meyer worked a walk to put runners at the corners. Heras then tapped an RBI single back to the left side of the infield that brought in Sosa from third and led to an errant throw by Sherriff, enabling Meyer to get all the way to third. CF Delino DeShields, Jr. plated an insurance run with an RBI single chopped through the left side, making it 5-3.
The Hooks stayed on the attack with two more tallies in the top of the eighth. A SS Jio Mier double and walks from 1B Telvin Nash and Kemp loaded the bases with no outs to start the charge. Sosa then struck with an RBI single to bring in Mier, but Billbrough battled back with a foul out and a strikeout to log the first two outs of the frame. However, Heras worked a bases-loaded RBI walk that forced in one more run, extending the Hooks advantage to 7-3.
The Cardinals refused to go down quietly, attempting a rally in the bottom of the eighth. Diaz and Stanley started the inning with consecutive singles to put two men on. They both advanced ninety feet on a deep fly out to center by 1B Jonathan Rodriguez. 1B Curt Smith also crushed a deep fly ball to center for the RBI sacrifice fly, bringing in Diaz and bringing the Cardinals within three runs, 7-4.
Springfield had one last try in the bottom of the ninth against RHP Tyson Perez (2). With two away, Diaz and Stanley both struck again with back-to-back base hits, extending the game for Rodriguez. Perez, though, induced a chopper to short for the game-ending fielder's choice, and the Hooks hung on for the 7-4 win.
Click here for the complete box score from Wednesday's game.
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1964 World Championship Rings, Three Fireworks Shows, Joe Kelly "Standoff" Bobbleheads and more this week
Springfield continues the homestand with the St. Louis Cardinals 1964 World Championship Replica Ring Giveaway (2,500) and $1 bratwursts on Thursday, June 26 at 7:10pm. The game will also feature Missouri Lottery Baseball Bingo.
Also this homestand, don't miss -
-AM Pyrotechnics Friday Night Fireworks featuring Music from the Jacksons on Friday, June 27 at 7:10pm.
-CoxHealth Fireworks at the Field Celebration on Saturday, June 28 at 5:10pm.
-Cline Dental Joe Kelly "Standoff" Champion Bobblehead Giveaway (2,500), Hiland Dairy Ice Cream Sunday and The Track Family Fun Parks Kids Race the Bases on Sunday, June 29 at 6:10pm.
-AM Pyrotechnics Bonus Fireworks featuring Fan's Vote Music and a Specialty Cap Auction to benefit Horses of Hope on Monday, June 30 at 7:10pm.
For information about becoming a Season Ticket Holder, organizing a Group Outing, booking a The Cup Birthday Party or ordering Individual Game Tickets right now, call the Front Office at (417) 863-2143 or visit SpringfieldCardinals.com.
Click here for the complete 2014 Promotional Schedule and to get your tickets right now.
Escape to Cardinals Baseball!
This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.View More


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What's Cooking?
Cookbooks are very popular items. Not surprising, considering the numerous shows on television such as the Food Network, American's Test Kitchen, Iron Chef, Yan Can Cook, Paula Deen, Rachel Ray, Barefoot Contessa, etc., etc., etc. My personal favorite is America's Test Kitchen, the televison show and the cookbooks. Check out our special display of cookbooks and see if you get a little more excited about being in the kitchen.


text:
Rich 'pay 15% income tax'
Economics editor
Page Tools
The Howard Government's tax changes have allowed some of Australia's richest people to pay only 15 per cent tax on much of their income, leading economist Ross Garnaut says in a new call for reform.
Professor Garnaut yesterday urged Prime Minister John Howard to restart the reform agenda, focusing on tax and federal-state relations.
Professor Garnaut was chief economic adviser to former prime minister Bob Hawke during Australia's first reform wave in the 1980s.
Now research professor at the Australian National University, Professor Garnaut told a conference that Australia was heading into a prolonged slowdown.
This was partly because a lack of reform since 2000 had led to blockages such as a shortage of skilled workers and inadequate infrastructure.
But his sharpest criticism was directed at the tax system, where he revealed a blueprint that proposes:
· Abolishing the tax-free threshold that allows all Australians to pay no tax on their first $6000 of income ($20,000 for retirees).
· Imposing a flat 30 per cent tax on all income, at all levels.
· Paying all people in work or looking for work the equivalent of the dole (about $200 a week).
· Ending the capital gains tax break, which taxes capital gains at only half the rate people pay on income they earn from work.
Speaking at a conference run by The Australian and the Melbourne Institute, Professor Garnaut said these changes would create a fairer, more efficient system.
They would slash high effective marginal rates on low-income workers, motivating people to move off welfare and giving them the biggest gains relative to income, he said.
Get The Age home delivered for as little as $2.70 a week*


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- Sunni Tehreek
Sunni Tehreek is religious and political party of the
Barelwi SunniMovement in Pakistan. Sunni Tehreek is Religious, Social and Political Party of AHL-E-SUNNAH of Pakistan that believes in Practical Struggle for securing the aims rather than raising wain Slogans. [cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1011659.cms|title=Karachi suicide blasts have Al-Qaida links|publisher= The Times of India|accessdate=2008-04-13|last=|first=]
In the late 1990s, Sunni Tehreek arose in Karachi under the charismatic leadership of Riaz Hussain Shah of Multan. Because ofits aggressive claim on the refugee population in the city it fell foul of the
MQMwhich delayed the spread of its influence for some time. Maulana Saleem Qadri , Maulana Abbas Qadri, Akram Qadri and Dr Qadeer were Some of the Central Leaders Who were assassinated by the terrorists in order to decrease its impact.
After the split and decline in the MQM ranks, it has arisen as an opposite pole to the Deobandi headquarters of Banuri Mosque headed by Mufti Nizamuddin Shamzai with direct links to the jehad and its two leaders, Mullah Umar in Afghanistan and
Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehmanof the JUIin Pakistan. The Sunni Tehreek has shown aggression in its protest against the giving of important religious posts to Deobandis. Its branch in Lahore has become quite outspoken and has publicly declared its opposition to the appointment of a Deobandi cleric as khateeb of Badshahi Mosqueand other similar appointments.. [ [http://insaf.net/pipermail/sacw_insaf.net/1988/000775.html [sacw SACW Dispatch | 9 Sept. 00 ] ]
In the Late 1990s Sunni Tehreek was established by Maulana Saleem Qadri to secure the rights of Sunnis which were on stake at the hands of so called Davebandi, Wahabi Jihadis extremists who belive in killings of innocent people in suicide bombings as Jihaad. He was martyred with his 5 Companions on 18 May 2001 in Karachi. After that Mualana Abbas qadri took the great task. But he tto along 3 other top leaders was martyred in a suicide blast in a Milad sharif rally at Nishtar Park at April 11, 2006. The party is working hard remaining peaceful and we are hopeful that state driven aggressions will not pull it back.
Leading the Movements
The Sunni Tehreek is reviving the Khatm-e-Nabuwwat movementagainst the
Qadianisect which was wrested from the Barelvis in the 1980s by the Deobandis in Punjab. The first Khatm-e-Nabuwwatmovement was led by Maulana Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi of the Barelvi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan(JUP) but it is today led by a Deobandicleric, Manzur Chinioti. [ [http://insaf.net/pipermail/sacw_insaf.net/1988/000775.html [sacw SACW Dispatch | 9 Sept. 00 ] ]
Victim of Terrorism
At least 57 people were killed and over 200 injured when a bomb ripped through a religious congregation in Karachi on April 11, 2006. Called to celebrate the birthday of the Prophet Mohammad, the congregation had been organised by the Jamaat Ahl-e-Sunnat, a Barelvi sectarian organisation that is opposed to Islamist groups affiliated to the Deobandi and Salafi traditions, such as the Jamaat-ud-Dawa, the Tablighi Jamaat and the Jamaat Ahl-e-Hadis.
Experts believe that the bombers targeted Abbas Qadri, Amir or supreme leader of the
Sunni Tehreek, a Barelwiorganisation fighting since 1992 to regain mosques which it claims were usurped by the sect's opponents. Sunni Tehreek leaders claim to have seized at least 62 Deobandi and Salafimosques between 1992 and 2002 in ways that have on occasion sparked violence.
In May 2001, murderous sectarian riots broke out after Sunni Tehreek leader Saleem Qadri was assassinated by the Sipah Sahaba Pakistan(SSP), a Deoband-affiliated terrorist group. His successor, Abbas Qadri, charged President
Pervez Musharraf's regime with "patronising terrorists" and "standing between us and the murderers." [ [http://www.southasiamonitor.org/2006/apr/news/20view2.shtml South Asia Monitor > ] ]
When the SSP's Karachi finance secretary was arrested after the murder of Sunni Tehreek chief Saleem Qadri , he revealed that his organisation received 32 lakh rupees a year from Karachi for the purposes of posting bail, assisting its imprisoned activists and the families of deceased activists. This entire amount was reportedly kept as "amanat" (safe custody) with one Maulvi Saadur Rehman, head of a religious school in Karachi and the withdrawals were made through written messages. [ [http://www.newsline.com.pk/NewsFeb2002/coverfeb3.htm Moving Target ] ]
Pakistani Politics
While banning the strongly Deobandi SSP, Musharraf has refrained from banning the strongly Barelwi Sunni Tehreek and the Tanzeem. The Deobandis became quite powerful under Zia, himself a devout Deobandi, but numerically they are in a minority in Pakistan's Sunni community. By sparing the Barelvi organisations, Musharraf has sought to ensure that the majority Barelvis would not create trouble for him. [ [http://www.hvk.org/articles/0102/71.html Musharraf's Ban: An Analysis ] ]
Fund Raising and MQM
While the Sunni Tehrik and the
MQMhave been countering the activities of the Deobandis, Wahabis and Salafis and their attempts to Arabise and Wahabise the Indian Muslim migrants (Mohajirs) to Pakistan, they have at the same time been quarreling with each other over the collection of funds from the Mohajirs for their respective political activities.
Politically, while the Urdu-speaking Indian Muslim migrants to Pakistan from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh support the MQM, the Gujarati speaking migrants (Bohras and Memons) support the Sunni Tehrik with funds. The migrants from
Biharand Uttar Pradeshcame from a poor or middle class background---landless labourers, petty traders, money-lenders, bureaucrats--- but the migrants from Gujarat came from a rich background (businessmen). It is said that Karachi's economy is largely controlled by the Memons and other Gujarati-speaking Muslims. They give more funds to the Sunni Tehreekthan to the MQM. [ [http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers18%5Cpaper1767.html DECAPITATION ATTACK ON ANTI-SALAFI GROUP IN KARACHI, INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM MONITOR: PAPER NO. 44 ] ]
ee also
External links
* [http://www.sunnitehreek.com.pk/intro-urdu.html Official Website of Sunni Tehreek]
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.


text:
GERMAN-SURNAMES-L ArchivesArchiver > GERMAN-SURNAMES > 2003-02 > 1046123982
From: "Jim" <>
Subject: Re: [Ger-Sur] Roll Call Casper
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2003 15:59:45 -0600 (Central Standard Time)
References: <010501c2dc18$c40ce360$319556d1@default>
Thanks Dick, but as far back as I can trace it it has been spelled with a "C
A friend from Stuttgart keeps telling me that I am misspelling Casper by
using a "C" rather than a "K" but I noticed that in WW II there was a
Lieutenant General that spelled his name with a "C" also, Karl Casper.
Jim Casper
-------Original Message-------
Date: Monday, February 24, 2003 9:38:48 AM
Subject: Re: [Ger-Sur] Roll Call Casper
I have had no luck chasing my Kasper, but have found many (with a K) from
Lithuania. Variations of the name occur in Poland, Spain (Gaspar) and
elsewhere. You might try old East Prussia, as near Lithuania.
----- Original Message -----
From: "Jim" <>
To: <>
Sent: Sunday, February 23, 2003 2:00 AM
Subject: [Ger-Sur] Roll Call
> Researching :
> !.CASPER : Unknown Location in Germany > Pa. ? > New Jersey >
> North Carolina > Ms. > Texas.
> Wanting desperately to know where in Germany our family came
> from. I have searched for years with no luck.
> 2. KLUTTZ : Holzgerlingen, Germany > Pa. > North Carolina.
> 3. Edwards : Alabama > Texas > Louisiana > Texas.
> > GERMAN-MEDIEVAL-L is a mailing list for the discussion and sharing of
information regarding genealogy in Germany during the Middle Ages, generally
regarded as extending from the fall of Rome in 476 to about 1450. To
subscribe, send subscribe to (Mail
Mode) or (Digest Mode)
> > To join Ancestry.com and access our 1.2 billion online genealogy records,
go to:
> http://www.ancestry.com/rd/redir.asp?targetidW1&sourceid37
GERMAN-TRADITIONS-L is a mailing list for anyone with a genealogical,
cultural or historical interest in German traditions, folklore, legends and
family customs. To subscribe, send subscribe to
(Mail Mode) or
(Digest Mode)
To join Ancestry.com and access our 1.2 billion online genealogy records, go
This thread:
|Re: [Ger-Sur] Roll Call Casper by "Jim" <>


text:
Argentina leisurely counted up the results of last week's balloting for 85 of the 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. A final count was not expected for another week, but returns indicated strong gains by the Conservative Concordancia (coalition).
To Argentina this meant a thumping personal victory for Acting President Castillo. To the rest of the world it meant that a diplomatic break with the Axis would be forthcoming, when Castillo got around to it. Ramon Castillo was in no hurry.
Chile, only other American republic which has not broken relations with...
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text:
Young leaders set for major Sub-Antarctic mission
Young leaders set for major Sub-Antarctic mission
Twelve of the country's top young leaders are ready to depart on a major climate research expedition to the Sub-Antarctic, alongside a group of leading New Zealand marine scientists, environment and business leaders.
Leaving from Auckland at 10am, Monday 10 February, the group will travel onboard the HMNZS Wellington for the 13-day Young Blake Expedition to the Auckland Islands. Representatives from the NZ Navy, DoC, NZARI, NIWA, University of Otago and the Sir Peter Blake Trust will also be taking part in the expedition, with Sir Peter Blake's daughter, Sarah-Jane, joining the Auckland to Bluff leg of the voyage.
The expedition's mission is an important one for all New Zealanders. This group will draft the feasibility plan for a world-leading Sub-Antarctic research station, which is hoped will be built on the Auckland Islands in early 2015. The proposed station will allow New Zealand scientists and worldwide agencies to work together towards understanding the effect of ocean and climate change as the world warms and what the impact will be on New Zealand's environment, biodiversity and economy.
"The world's leading climate scientists are now surer than ever that the earth is warming and we now need to determine how vulnerable Antarctica's ice sheets, shelves and sea ice are, and given our close proximity to the Southern Ocean, what that will mean for New Zealand in the future," says leader of the Deep South National Science Project and New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute Director, Professor Gary Wilson.
"The Deep South National Science Challenge, one of the first of ten National Science Challenge proposals invited by the government, also recognises that New Zealand is uniquely placed to lead the world in understanding the role of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in driving global climate and environmental change," adds Wilson.
The Sir Peter Blake Trust has selected 12 student leaders, aged 16-18, to take part in the expedition and have tasked them with inspiring and mobilising other New Zealanders, through their Auckland Islands experience, to know and care about what is happening to the marine environment. It is the second Young Blake Expedition to set sail, following 2012's successful voyage to the Kermadecs, and is key to the legacy of Sir Peter Blake who, after many years at sea as a professional yachtsman, dedicated his life to drawing attention to the critical changes affecting the world's oceans, marine life and sea birds.
Sir Peter Blake Trust CEO, Shelley Campbell, says, "Young Blake Expeditions aims to tool these young Kiwis with the knowledge and skills to become the future leaders of New Zealand as well as to continue the great work of Sir Peter Blake, particularly in the Deep South, an area which Sir Peter observed early on to be crucial to understanding the effect of man's impact on our marine environment."
Expedition Leadership Director and Team NZ Business Manager, Ross Blackman, says, "Peter was passionate about inspiring young Kiwis to set audacious goals and dare to dream. I know he would be extremely proud of these young leaders and the expedition in his name that they are about to embark upon. "
Follow the Young Blake Expedition blog updates at: http://www.sirpeterblaketrust.org/young-blake-expeditions/sub-antarctic-expedition/follow-the-expedition


text:
Daytona Cubs Announce 2014 Schedule
The 2014 home opener is scheduled for Friday, April 4th at 7:05 p.m. with postgame fireworks.
By Staff / Daytona Cubs | September 26, 2013 12:25 PM ET
Daytona Beach, FL - The Daytona Cubs have released the 2014 regular season schedule, with Opening Night scheduled for Thursday, April 3rd, and the home opener on Friday, April 4th at 7:05p.m. against rival Brevard County with postgame fireworks.
The 2014 scheduled is loaded with annual Jackie Robinson Ballpark favorites, such as Belly-Buster Mondays, Thirsty Thursdays, postgame fireworks shows, and many Cubby's Crew and Silver Sluggers nights as well.
In total, there are 14 scheduled fireworks shows at Jackie Robinson Ballpark in 2014. The Daytona skies will light up after each of the 11 Saturday home games, Opening Night, Sunday, May 25th (the evening before Memorial Day), and on July 3rd for Independence Day.
Fans will be able to enjoy their usual all-you-can-eat hamburgers, hot dogs, pizza, and popcorn with seven scheduled Belly-Buster Mondays. "Taste of Daytona" will also return twice in 2014 with local restaurants sampling their best cuisine on the Jackie Robinson Ballpark Riverwalk - all included in the Belly-Buster price!
The 2014 schedule features 13 Thursday home games and 12 Thirsty Thursdays (excludes July 3rd), with six of them prior to the All-Star Break and all five Thursdays in July. Thirsty Thursdays feature $1 small sodas and 12 oz. domestic draft beers.
The Daytona Cubs also offer two of the best age-relative deals in Minor League Baseball with Cubby's Crew and Silver Sluggers. All fans 13 years of age and younger can attend nine 2014 Friday home games for just $6, and receive a free t-shirt and much more as well! Yes, that's $6 for all nine games (April 4th not included). Fans 60 years of age and older can enjoy 12 2014 home games for just $20, and that includes free parking on Silver Sluggers nights with a valid Silver Sluggers Card, a free Silver Sluggers t-shirt and a free small soda or coffee at each game. Silver Sluggers days fall on 10 of the 11 Tuesday home games (not May 6th), Sunday, April 27th and Wednesday, May 7th.
Education Days are scheduled for Tuesday, May 6th and Wednesday May 14th, with first pitch scheduled for 10:35 a.m. both days. The 2014 Camp Day is slated for Wednesday, July 9th at 12:05p.m.
The Daytona Cubs will return three "Dog Days" at the Ballpark in 2014, so fans can bring their pooches with them to three separate games.
Stay tuned for updates on individual promotional nights, giveaways, special jersey nights and much more throughout the offseason.
The Daytona Cubs were 2013 Florida State League Champions and will be defending their sixth FSL Championship in 2014.
Season Seats and Flex-Packs are on-sale now so stop by the Cubs offices across Orange Ave. from Jackie Robinson Ballpark (110 E. Orange Ave.) or call (386) 257-3172 to order yours today!
This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.View More


text:
Showing Suppliers 1 - 5 of 5
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White Wines From Around the World 12-Pk
Wine is global so when trying new wines, it is only fitting that you sample wines from different wine growing regions from across the globe. It is educational but most importantly fun to try the different styles and flavors from award winning regions from Italy, Spain, South America, and the United States. Add the Mixed Wines from Around the World 12-Pack to your cart today and explore the variety of tasty wines that the world wide winemakers have to offer.
This assortment includes the following wines:
Carma Sauvignon Blanc
With their seasons opposite the ones northern winemakers have, the 2013 Carma Sauvingon Blanc was among our first 2013 wines and it started the vintage off on a great note. The Carma 2013 is made from 100% Sauvignon Blanc, and is a classic example of what can be done with the variety in Central Chile. The grapes are exposed to wonderful sun and an almost greenhouse-like regularity of dry, hot days and dry, cool nights throughout the growing season--near perfect ripening conditions. The result is a clean, citrusy, lean and fresh wine. The nose is full of grapefruit and green apple followed by zesty flavors of green fruits, lime, and floral notes and a long, crisp finish. Outstanding as an aperitif or a cocktail wine, it is also ideal with salads using arugula, fennel, or roasted bell peppers, and is a refreshing companion for richer white meats like pork and lobster.
Val Di Botte Toscano Bianco
Italian whites are in a sense classical. They follow a pattern of consistency vintage after vintage that makes them not only very delicious, but also very reliable. Every so often a vintner will think outside the box and come up with white wine blends that are not only refreshing and tasty, but also can put a big smile across your face. Allow us to introduce Val Di Botte Toscano Bianco, a Tuscan White Blend that has a pale straw yellow color with fruity and delicate floral aromas that entice the senses. The taste is fresh and dry, crisp and intense, with a lingering finish.
Contempo Moscato
Moscato is one of those wines that is a food loving dynamo. Not only is it a perfect cocktail wine that everyone in your group can enjoy, it also pairs amazing well with foods with lots of spice like Thai and Indian. The aromas of sweet flowers and white peaches are always pleasant and the flavors of white peach, tangerines, and floral lavender are inciting to say the least. This wine drinks full and luscious. Pick up a bottle or two of Contempo Moscato today and enjoy this wine during a Sunday brunch or with a weeknight delivery of Thai food.
Albarrada White Blend
Portugal is truly a wonderland of exotic grapes that many in America have never been exposed to before. This Albarrada white, an exclusive wine, is a great example. Bringing together two white grapes native to Portugal, Roupiero and Rabo-de-Ovelha, that most Americans have never sampled, this exotic wine is a great way to be introduced to the wonderful grapes of Portugal. The Vinho Branco (white wine in Portuguese) from Albarrada is a crisp and refreshing white blend. Rabo-de-Ovelha is a beautiful blending grape that normally is bold untethered and the Roupeiro provides a maturity and subtlety that makes the whole blend simply extraordinary.
Della Flora Viognier
Here's a real winner. Viognier is the product of a white wine grape originally grown in Rhône River Valley of France as early as 281 AD. Like many Muscat and Riesling wines, Viognier is characteristically aromatic. One of our favorite Central Coast wineries, Saddlehorn Cellars, produced this delicious 2013 Della Flora from fruit grown in its heritage vineyards. It features aromas and flavors of floral, peach, apricot, pear, and melon.
Kepe Bianco
When we introduced the Kepe Tempranillo, it rapidly became our number one best seller in history. Immediately, we started looking for the perfect source for a white wine to complement the amazing Kepe Rojo. The result is this incredible Kepe Blanco. Hailing from the cooler climate Basque region of Alava, this is the epitome of a refreshing summer white. Old-vine Viura (80%) meets Sauvignon Blanc that gave us the perfect blend for the Kepe Blanco. The result is a fresh tasting white wine full of tropical fruit notes and flavors like gooseberry and melon with a rich mouthfeel and a long leisurely finish to truly linger and make this wine absolutely perfect. It will make a beautiful pair for seafood, tapas or vegetarian cuisine. Simply fantastico!


text:
Children 8 to 16 were welcomed for the first time ever at the DefCon hackers conference, held at the Rio hotel in Las Vegas this past weekend. It was part of a series of such confabs organized by Hackid.org. Federal agents spoke to participants of DefCon Kids -- to persuade them that it's cool to be a good guy hacker, who helps fight crime. The kids also got to participate in hacking exercises and contests. At minimum, each came away with higher awareness of safety on the Internet and is now better equipped to be a positive role model for peers.
Wolfgang Kandek, chief technology officer of vulnerability management firm Qualys, brought his son, Filipe, 14, with him to Vegas, to participate in DefCon Kids. Dad came away with these observations.
My 14 year old son attended DEFCON this year for the first time and he took part in DEFCON Kids. On Saturday he was in the Social Engineering Capture the Flag (CTF) contest where he was teamed up with another 10 year old participant and had to solve a 6-step scavenger hunt. The scavenger hunt involved decryption of secret messages, collection of information from multiple people on the DEFCON show floor and a good dose of critical thinking.
On Sunday he participated in the classroom sessions - at the end his favorites were "When you can remember your locker Combination" by Deviant and "Coding in Scratch" by Chris Hoff.
As a parent I loved seeing the interest sparked in my son by the challenges and class interactions. All instructors were extremely competent and focused on the benefits of gaining a real understanding of the technologies involved and when appropriate they discussed the moral and ethical questions involved (i.e. lock picking and social engineering).
As a security professional I see every day how the lack of security knowledge is impacting the computer industry and society in general. I believe initiatives like DEFCON Kids are essential in preparing the next generation for a life in the digital domain.
As a side note: Everybody my son met at DEFCON during the challenges was enthusiastic in helping and their eyes literally lit up when their assistance was requested in locating somebody or a certain room. While the Kids were solving their crypto challenges I was approached by numerous participants that were wondering what was going on and the most common comment was: Awesome, I will bring my kid next year.
Technology Live covers computers, electronics, and the Internet, with a focus on cutting-edge technology that has a real impact on your life. Our reporters and editors -- based in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, New York, and Washington – offer news and tips to help you make the most of your digital domain. More about the team
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text:
Sat Nov 17, 2012, 03:02 PM
DavidDvorkin (14,896 posts)
Christmas is for lovers?
Maybe some Christian or ex-Christian -- or anyone else -- can explain this to me. It's something that's long puzzled me: The association of Christmas with romance and falling in love. That's not the main association one sees, of course, but it's a common theme in movies released to theaters or shown on TV at this time of year.
Where I grew up -- small-town South Africa -- Christmas was the main religious celebration of Those Other People, and as far as I could tell, it was purely religious. (Since there was no First Amendment to be embarrassed* by, Those Other People didn't feel the need to pretend otherwise.) It wasn't until I came to the US, and even then only in the last few decades, that I've noticed the falling-in-love theme. I suppose it could be an outgrowth of Christmas-as-family-time, but that doesn't make sense to me.
* Most of Those Other People aren't embarrassed by the First Amendment at all. They're just angry at people who remind them of its existence and relevance. Hence the insistence that Christmas isn't really a religious holiday or that America was intended to be a Christian country so shut up or move to (fill in the blank).
8 replies, 1187 views
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Christmas is for lovers? (Original post)
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Response to DavidDvorkin (Original post)
Sat Nov 17, 2012, 03:04 PM
cbayer (146,218 posts)
1. Other than mistletoe, I have not really seen this connection.
Response to cbayer (Reply #1)
Sat Nov 17, 2012, 03:24 PM
DavidDvorkin (14,896 posts)
2. It seems to be mostly in movies
That's where I first noticed it and still notice it.
There are a few Christmastime songs with that theme. Of course I can't think of any, now that I try.
Response to DavidDvorkin (Reply #2)
Sat Nov 17, 2012, 03:51 PM
cbayer (146,218 posts)
5. The movie business will work romance into any theme.
Not sure it is a reflection of what really goes on.
Not sure, but I would guess there are less weddings around Christmas than at most any other time. Too much else going on.
Response to DavidDvorkin (Original post)
Sat Nov 17, 2012, 03:29 PM
intaglio (8,170 posts)
3. I know what you mean but it seems less romance than new beginnings
It might be (might as it is based on no evidence at all) that the association is because of the solstice connection, traditionally the rebirth of the sun.
Response to intaglio (Reply #3)
Sat Nov 17, 2012, 03:31 PM
DavidDvorkin (14,896 posts)
4. That's a possibility.
Response to intaglio (Reply #3)
Sat Nov 17, 2012, 03:53 PM
cbayer (146,218 posts)
6. That's a good point and particularly true at the New Year.
Response to cbayer (Reply #6)
Sat Nov 17, 2012, 05:30 PM
okasha (11,573 posts)
7. The assingment of special properties of mistletoe
comes straight out of Celtic pagan celebrations of the winter solstice. It grows in the sacred space between earth and sky, and so serves as a mediator between the human and the divine.
Response to DavidDvorkin (Original post)
Sat Nov 17, 2012, 05:33 PM
rug (82,333 posts)
8. I haven't seen that. St. Valentine's Day is another story.


text:
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text:
The Shakespeare Conference: SHK 11.1252 Wednesday, 21 June 2000.
Date: Tuesday, 20 Jun 2000 14:42:33 +0100
Subject: Character Biblio Addition
I have an addition for the list of publications that feature Shakespeare
as a character, and it's an unusual one. It's a Doctor Who book, in the
'Missing Adventures' range. It's called Empire of Glass and it's by Andy
Lane. It was published by Virgin in 1995. In the book, Shakespeare is
moonlighting as a spy for the Jacobean court and is undercover in
Venice. He returns to London just in time to play Lady Macbeth for a
performance in front of King James.
Andrew McAleer
Editorial Assistant
Thomson Learning


text:
Fun family cruise, but a bit disappointed with some things: Allure of the Seas Cruise Review by onebzyldy
Overall Member Rating
Fun family cruise, but a bit disappointed with some things
Destination: Western Caribbean
Embarkation: Fort Lauderdale (Port Everglades)
We stayed at Cambria Suites in Dania beach the night before, this was our 4th stay with them. Great location and they shuttled us from airport to hotel and then to dock the next day, although a new charge has been created so it cost us $5 pp to get to dock, but N/C for pick up from airport.
We were a bit disappointed with the *little things* that RCCL has chosen to no longer offer [if that is the right word?] Firstly the fact that our room steward did not come to our cabin to introduce himself was surprising, this was a first for us! No paper & pen in stateroom, no robes [finally asked room steward and were given them the 3rd day] inconsistent cleaning of cabins, never seemed to be vacuumed or washroom floors wiped down either??? One day we had 2 bath towels other days 3 and some days 4!!! No ice in cabin, some days we had 4 glasses in More room other days 3. These little things add up and can get annoying.
Some of the staff seem overworked??
We loved loved loved ALL of the entertainment on the ship!!! It was all superior and second to none. The Aqua theatre shows were jaw dropping amazing, the comedy show was hilarious, Blue Planet was excellent!! Such talent.
The DR staff was wonderful and we had great service, dined there 6 nights out of 7. But we cannot say the same about the food. Disappointed. Also the Windjammer buffet was nothing to rave about.
Dined at Johnny Rockets, Rita's Cantina and Giovanni's Table and the food and service was EXCELLENT. Worth the small extra $.Johnny Rocket's was especially fun.
The ship is absolutely beautiful and stunning. Kept very clean.
On our way out of the ship [during disembarkation] we had an encounter with a room steward named AUSTIN HILL, he was downright **rude** to us. We were shocked at the way he spoke to us and are planning on writing to RCCL about this as it was not acceptable.
We had the pleasure of dealing with FILIP at the Guest services desk and he was always polite and very helpful.
Also ALEX in the photo gallery is on amazing photographer, if you can get him to take your pics you will be very very pleased with the results. He was our go to photographer and we looked for him when we wanted to have pics taken.
Better half spent a lot of time and $$ in casino, very nice casino with approx. 500 slot machines + lots of tables. Only complaint was the SMOKE, it smelt awful in there, RCCL should consider having a couple NO SMOKING in casino nights like other cruise lines. I therefore did not play very much due to the stench of the smoke.
All in all we enjoyed our cruise, weather could have been better, but no control over that.
We are really not sure we will cruise with RCCL again, but time will tell. PRINCESS is our go to cruise line it seems. Love them and always feel special when we cruise with them.
Hope everyone had a great week! Any other pax have reviews about their week?
We had a few other hic cups during this cruise, ie with the photo gallery, overcharges on our bill, problem at disembarkation etc etc. All taken with a grain of salt, but has definitely left a bad taste in our mouths.
Now on to our next cruise Less
Published 11/20/13
Cabin review:
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text:
liquor(redirected from liquored)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia.
hard liquor
Any distilled alcoholic beverage, such as whiskey, vodka, gin, etc. "Hard" here is a reference to the higher percentage of alcohol in comparison to wine or beer. Primarily heard in US, Canada. I've learned to steer clear of hard liquor if I want to avoid a hangover the next day!
hold one's liquor
Fig. to be able to drink alcohol in quantity without ill effects. Old Jed can sure hold his liquor—and a lot of it, too. I asked him to leave because he can't hold his liquor.
liquor someone up
to get someone tipsy or drunk. He liquored her up and tried to take her home with him. They liquored up the out-of-town visitors.
liquor up
to drink an alcoholic beverage, especially to excess. Sam sat around all evening liquoring up. They seem to liquor up almost every night of the week.
not hold your liquor
to not be able to drink alcohol without showing any effects Scott didn't hold his liquor very well - he'd either fall asleep or sit silently and sadly after a couple of drinks.
Usage notes: the opposite meaning is expressed by hold your liquor: Now there's a gang that can hold their liquor!
can't hold their drink/liquor
if someone can't hold their drink, they get drunk after drinking very little alcohol You can't hold your drink, that's your problem. Two beers and you're under the table.
hard liquor
Distilled alcoholic beverages, such as gin or whiskey. For example, We're serving wine and beer but no hard liquor. The hard here refers to their high alcoholic content, which is also true for hard cider, although the latter is not distilled but has simply fermented.
liquor up
1. To cause or encourage someone to consume alcohol: They liquored me up and asked me where I hid the money. My boss is at a bar liquoring up some potential investors.
2. To become drunk. Used in the passive: I got liquored up on whiskey and started a fight.
3. To consume alcoholic beverages steadily: They've been liquoring up in the bar all day.
hard liquor
n. potent liquor such as whiskey, gin, rum, etc. Stay off of hard liquor until your stomach feels better.
hold one's liquor
tv. to be able to drink alcohol in quantity without ill effects. Old Jed can sure hold his liquor—and a lot of it, too.


text:
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text:
Bryan Dale Ambrose
Missing since September 8, 1982 from Colorado Springs, El Paso County, Colorado
Classification: Missing
Vital Statistics
Circumstances of Disappearance
Bryan Ambrose was last seen on September 8, 1982 leaving the Rainbow Motel, 3709 West Colorado Avenue, Colorado Springs, Colorado and was going to the Denver Metro area.
On September 9, 1982, Ambrose's Ford pickup truck was found in Pueblo, Colorado, without license plates.
He was visiting Manitou Springs from Oklahoma in search of a job. Soon after arriving, Ambrose had called his wife and said he had three job prospects and missed his family and wanted them to join him. He was never heard from again.
He left behind a wife and a 3-year-old daughter.
An acquaintance who supposedly had found Ambrose one of his job prospects later told police the two went drinking in Denver, Ambrose got arrested and couldn't post bond, and he never saw him again. But there was no record of such an arrest.
When Ambrose's wife of five years didn't hear from him, she came to look for him. She reported him missing September 15, 1982.
If you have any information concerning this case, please contact:
El Paso County Sheriff's Office
Agency Case Number: 82-3202
Source Information:
El Paso County Sheriff's Office
The Gazette
Return to the Unexplained Disappearances' Index


text:
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Re: FullSimplify doesn't simplify
Try this one, which gives the result {Sqrt[6], -Sqrt[6]}:
{(x y)^n, x^n y^n} /. {x -> -2, y -> -3, n -> 1/2}
The two expressions evaluate to different results because fractional
powers have multiple values.
On the other hand the following gives the result True, because you
explicitly state that n is an integer (i.e. not a fractional) power:
Simplify[(x y)^n == x^n y^n, n \[Element] Integers]
Steve Luttrell
"Ken Morgan" <kmorga51 at calvin.edu> wrote in
news:a404nb$bqk$1 at smc.vnet.net:
> Does anyone know why Mathematica doesn't simplify the following to
> True?
> In[1] := FullSimplify[(x y)^n == (x^n)(y^n)]
> Out[1] := (x y)^n == (x^n)(y^n)
> Are there cases where this is not true?


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Peter Hall
Peter Hall [Peter Hall] (Sydney, Australia.)
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by Staff Writers
Moscow (AFP) Jan 07, 2013
A remote Siberian region has placed a bounty on the heads of its wolf population, complaining that thousands of the predators are killing too many reindeer and horses.
The vast Sakha Republic, home to diamond mines and the coldest inhabited place on Earth, declared a three-month cull of wolves, aiming to cut numbers from more than 3,500 to just 500.
"The population is worried as never before by mass deaths of domestic animals due to wolves," regional chief Yegor Borisov said in a statement on his website Sunday, calling for a "state of emergency" in the region.
He announced a "three-month blitz" starting January 15 to cut the wolf population and declared open season for hunting the animals all year round.
Borisov promised a financial reward for each wolf pelt delivered, with the exact amount to be announced by the next month, as well as three bonuses running into the "six figures" (at least $3,300, 2,500 euros) to the region's most successful wolf hunters.
Last year, just over 16,000 domesticated reindeer and 314 horses were killed, Borisov said. Hunters only shot dead 730 wolves.
The regional government put the economic cost to agriculture last year at around 150 million rubles ($4.9 million, 3.7 million euros).
More wolves are descending into central areas due to a fall in the numbers of their natural prey, the mountain hare, according to experts.
The problem is not unique to Sakha.
In the neighbouring Zabaikalsky region, officials raised the reward for handing in a dead wolf last month to 7,000 rubles from 5,000 to encourage hunters.
The Sakha Republic, formerly known as Yakutia, is a vast, sparsely populated region, almost half of which is above the Arctic Circle and where almost all Russian diamonds are extracted.
Sakha's village of Oymyakon has been recognised as the world's coldest inhabited place, with a lowest recorded temperature of minus 67.7 degrees Celsius (minus 89.8 degrees Fahrenheit) in 1933.
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