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Terms & Conditions
Softbank Robotics
Softbank Robotics (a simplified joint stock company with a capital of 8 621 260 Euros, registered with the Paris Trade and Companies Register under number 483 185 807 00052, and whose headquarters is located at 43, rue du Colonel Pierre Avia - 75015 Paris ('Softbank' or 'us', 'we' and 'our') has various resources at your disposition, such as this website, an online shop, free download spaces, as well as product information and evaluation ('Services'), which can be found at this address: store.aldebaran.com.
By using any of our Services or purchasing products from our Store, you are agreeing to the current conditions of use and sale ('Terms and Conditions'). You can familiarize yourself with other regulations, licenses, or certain conditions ('Specific Conditions') by using certain Services, or through purchasing products, which will possibly require your consent. In the event of a contradiction between these Terms and Conditions and the Specific Conditions, the latter takes precedence.
I. Intellectual Property
Any item of content available on the Store or via the Download Service, in particular texts, buttons, comments, documents, digital downloads, illustrations, works and images, are the property of Softbank, its affiliates or its content suppliers, and are thus protected by the applicable intellectual property provisions. Any reproduction or representation, complete or partial, of the Store, or any elements featured on the Store, is strictly forbidden.
Company names, brands and product characteristics within the Store are protected by trademark law. Any reproduction or representation, complete or partial, of these characteristics is strictly forbidden without the prior written authorization of the brand owner.
You must not, in any instance, use the Download Service for illicit or fraudulent purposes, or in any manner that contradicts the Terms and Conditions. It must not be used in any manner that would be susceptible to damaging, deactivating, overloading, interrupting or deteriorating any of the said service or its usability for third party users.
You are not authorized to attempt to access the Download Service, other accounts, IT systems, or networks linked to an Softbank server, via whatever means, including hacking and researching passwords. In this respect, Softbank reserves the right to refuse your access to the Store and close your account, if you are in violation of the applicable laws, these Terms and Conditions, or any of Softbank's Specific Conditions.
To use our Download Service, you must create an Softbank account by following the registration process. To create a Softbank account, you must provide certain personal details, such as your name, surname and email address, and may require you to accept specific conditions of use. You are responsible for providing correct and honest details, and for updating them should they change.
You will also be required to choose a username and a password. It is explicitly stated that these elements are confidential. You are solely responsible for the consequences of your account's use up until its deactivation. You are responsible for informing Softbank immediately of any non-authorized access to your account, and/or password, and/or any security breach. It is your duty to personalize and change your password regularly.
To post a comment, you must be over 18 and have an Adelbaran account in your name.
Comment rejection motives. A comment can be rejected for the following motives:
- If you do not respect the publication conditions stated above;
- If its content contains insults or profanities;
- If any elements relating to the author's identity contain verbal abuse or offensive language;
- If its content contains random characters or a series of words that lacks meaning;
- If its content has no relevance to the product;
- If its content is poorly written to the point of being incomprehensible;
- If you write an inappropriate comment regarding other content or its author;
- If the comment being posted features personal information, such as names of individuals, telephone numbers, addresses and email addresses;
- If its content features credit card details, social security numbers, bank details, or any other information that could lead to identity theft;
- If its content features an appeal for legal action;
- If its content mentions websites, or features hyperlinked text or a URL;
- If its content clearly resembles spam.
In the case of repeated violation of the conditions mentioned above, Softbank reserves the right to delete your account or to limit your access to certain Services, and/or to delete all comments that have been posted by you.
It is possible that your access to the Download Service can be occasionally suspended or restricted in order to carry out maintenance work, to add features or to improve the service. Softbank will strive to limit the frequency of these interruptions, and the duration of these suspensions or restrictions. In any case, Softbank cannot take responsibility on the grounds of any damage caused as a result of these suspensions or restrictions.
Applications may be published by Softbank ('Softbank Applications') or by a third-party publisher ('Developer Applications'). In accordance with these Terms and Conditions, you are not granted any rights to Softbank Applications or Developer Applications, which retain all related rights, titles and ownership, and you accept that applications obtained via the Store are subject to the license agreement established below in Appendix 1, unless the application in question is subject to Special License Conditions, in which case these Special Conditions shall prevail over the terms of the license in Appendix 1.
The objective of this article is not to limit our responsibility towards you in the capacity in which the law foresees such a responsibility, or in virtue of the legal rights to which you are entitled. Softbank, including its affiliates and subsidiaries, cannot be held responsible on any of the following grounds: • Loss of revenue, loss of profits, loss of opportunity, loss of contracts, loss of data; or • The occurrence of the non-execution or improper execution of one or more of the obligations contained within these Terms and Conditions, whether that is on your behalf, or whether it is an unforeseen and insurmountable result of a third party to the contract, or the result of a force majeur as detailed in article 1145 of the French Civil Code.
We reserve the right to make changes to the Store and to our terms and conditions, including these General Conditions of Use, at any moment. You are subject to the entirety of the present conditions regarding the use of the Store from the moment you accept them, unless a change in the conditions is carried out by an administrative or government authority (in this case, this modification can be applied to old orders that you have made). If any stipulation of these Terms and Conditions or Specific Conditions is deemed invalid, null or inapplicable, for whatever reason, this stipulation will be deemed separable, and will not affect the validity and the effectiveness of pendant stipulations.
IX. Modification and termination of Services
Softbank reserves the right to add or eliminate features or functions on the Store and/or to stop providing the Download Service. Softbank will not be held liable for the elimination of the Service or any feature, nor will this elimination entitle you to any compensation or indemnification.
These Terms and Conditions are regulated by French law and subject to jurisdiction from French courts. The Store conforms to French legislation, and in no instance do we give guarantee of conformity to local legislation that is applicable to you when you access the Store from other countries.
Use of data. Information and data that you communicate with us are necessary for using the Store and associated Download Service.. This information and data are also conserved for security measures, in order to adhere to legal obligations and regulations, as well as to allow us to improve and personalize our services and the information that we give you.
Cookies. The Store can store information on your computer or device. This information takes the form of 'Cookies' or a similar file. 'Cookies' contain information that do not feature any personal information and which are sent via the server to the hard-drive of the user's computer or device. The role of cookies is essentially to identify the user more quickly when connected. You recognize and accept that Softbank reserves the possibility to implant a 'cookie' in your computer or device in order to register all information relative to your navigation on the Store.
Right to the access, opposition and correction of this information. You have the right to the access and correction of your personal data, which you can exercise by updating the information on your Softbank account. Furthermore, you have the right to oppose the use of your data for legitimate reasons, which you can exercise by writing a message to the following email address: firstname.lastname@example.com. In accordance with current regulations, your request must be signed and accompanied by the photocopy of a form of identification featuring your signature.
If you do not adhere to these Terms and Conditions and we do not initiate any action, this does not imply that we renounce our rights and we will still reserve the right to exercise our rights and legal means in all other situations in which you violate these Terms and Conditions. If a particular condition in these Terms and Conditions is declared inapplicable, this will have no impact on other provisions of the Terms and Conditions. In the event of a dispute between the French version of these Terms and Conditions and any other version, only the French version will be applicable, in the limits where this is authorized by the laws of the applicable jurisdiction.
Appendix 1
End-user license agreement applicable to the applications available on the Store:
The Softbank Applications available on the Store are granted to you in a license by Softbank and you agree to be bound to Softbank by the terms of the license below for every Softbank Application ordered on the Store. Similarly, the Developer Applications available on the Store are granted to you in a license by third-party publishers, and for every Developer Application ordered on the Store you agree to be bound to this third-party publisher by the terms of the license below. You also acknowledge and accept that Softbank is not party to the license agreement between you and the third-party publisher, which has sole responsibility to you and third parties for its Developer Application. Each of the aforementioned licenses is granted under the End-user agreement ("EULA") below, which you accept. For the purposes of this EULA, the Developer Application and the Softbank Application are hereinafter referred to together as "the Application."
- (i) Rights granted - Duration. After the payment of any applicable fees, you will be granted a non-exclusive and non-transferable license for the Application and be subject to all its restrictions, particularly its duration as stipulated in the Special Conditions. Unless a written agreement is effectually established between you and Softbank or the third-party publisher, the aforementioned user license for the Application is granted for non-commercial purposes. You cannot distribute or circulate the Application on a network where it could be used simultaneously by multiple devices. You cannot rent, loan, sell, assign, redistribute or grant a sublicense for the Application, and you must erase the downloaded Application from any robot you wish to resell to a third party. You cannot copy (except under the express terms set forth by this license), decompile, reverse engineer, disassemble or attempt to derive the source code, modify or create work derived from all or part of the Application or its updates (except only to the extent which any one of the restrictions above is prohibited by applicable law or authorized under the terms of the license governing the use of an open-source software component integrated into the Application). All rights, titles or interest in the contents that were not expressly granted to you in this license are reserved by Softbank or the third-party publisher. This license shall remain in force until it is rescinded by you, Softbank or the third-party publisher. The rights granted under this license will be revoked immediately and without notification by Softbank or the third-party publisher if you disregard any one of its provisions. If the license is revoked, you must stop using the Application and destroy all whole or partial copies of the Application.
- (ii) Use of your data. You grant Softbank or the third-party publisher permission to collect and use technical data and all associated information, which is gathered regularly in order to facilitate providing updates to software, technical support services for the Application as well as other services (if necessary) pertaining to the Application.
- (iii) Warranty limitations. You acknowledge and accept that using the Application will be at your own risk and peril. To the extent authorized by the applicable law in force, the Application is supplied "as-is," with all its imperfections and without any warranty whatsoever. Softbank or the third-party publisher, as well as their licensors, exclude from this license any explicit warranties and terms, tacit or legal, including, but not limited to, warranties and/or terms relative to quality as regards the vendor, customer satisfaction and accuracy with regard to the Application. Softbank or the third-party publisher does not guarantee that your Application will work without disruption or interruption during use, that it is free of errors, that the Application's imperfections will be corrected or that it will be compatible or function with third-party software or devices. Installing the Application may affect the operation of third-party software, applications, or services. No oral or written information, regardless of its nature, conveyed by Softbank, its employees or third-party publishers, will constitute a warranty in the event that the Application malfunctions. The warranty limitations specified above apply without prejudicing any of the consumer's applicable legal rights.
- (iv) Liability. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, Softbank or the third-party publisher cannot be held liable for any personal injury or accidental, special, indirect and incidental damage including, but not limited to: damages due to a loss of profits, data, interruption of business activities or all other damage of a commercial nature or due to the non-transmission or reception of data. The total liability of Softbank or the third-party publisher towards you for any damage cannot exceed 50 euros, without prejudicing any legal requirements that may pertain to personal injury.
- (v) Applicable law. This license and your use of the Application are governed by French Law. Your use of the Application may also be subject to mandatory local, regional, national or international laws.
- (vi) Contract language. In the event of any dispute between the French version and any other version, only the French version shall apply, within the limits set by the laws of applicable jurisdiction.


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Create a Static Homepage & Post Page on Your WordPress Blog
In the following video I demonstrate how to create a static homepage for your WordPress blog and then create another page that will display your posts. Enjoy!
In the following video I demonstrate how to create a static homepage for your WordPress blog and then create another page that will display your posts. Enjoy!
Hi, thanks for this great video. Very helpful.
There is already a "homepage" on my website and on this page is my blog displayed. I want my blog on a separate page called "blog" and I want to add an introduction text on my homepage. Do you know how I can do that? When I add another page f.e. called "home" or something else, I have two homepages. Do you know what I can do or home can I make my excisting homepage THE homepage with an introduction text and add my blog to the "blog" page?
Hope you can help me out. Thanks.
Friendly greetings,
Your existing homepage is probably hardcoded in your theme header.php file. You will either need to remove it from the code or install a plugin that allows you to exclude pages (just search the plugins directory for "exclude pages". Use that plugin to exclude your static homepage from the menu…it will still show as your default (hardcoded) homepage.
My question is the opposite of John's. I have a website that has a static page, and a blog page as you have shown. I notice that you are using the inove theme. I am as well. The problem I have is that I want to have people be able to comment on my blog page, but when you click the comment link, it takes you back to the static page. Do you know how to do this?
I'm not clear what you are asking…you want them to comment on the blog page, but you want them taken to the static page when they click on the comment link? I don't understand that. When they click on the comment link, they should be taken to the comment form on that post.

subset: commoncrawl


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The third round of competition has produced some great goals and two very tightly contested encounters between Vic Vipers and St Albans and the Bayside Pirates and Cobras whilst Pascoe Vale's unbeaten streak continued with a solid win over the Joma Jaguars. The EFA Eagles had the bye this week.
Vic Vipers FC 3 (Jonathan Barrientos 10', Barrigos 20', Cooper 40')
St Albans Strikers FC 2 (Tadashi Yamashita 23', Jose Portillo 32')
The opening game of the night brought together the great rivals of the Vipers and Strikers and it lived up to all expectations.
10 minutes after Barrientos' early goal Miguel Barrigos went on a great mazy run and applied the finishing touch to put the Vipers two goals to the good.
The Strikers fought back however with goals on either side of half-time to bring the scores level and with Barrientos receiving his second yellow card in the same minute it seemed the momentum has truly shifted towards the St Albans Strikers.
Not to be denied, the Vipers fought back and found a hero in Adam Cooper who scored from distance to settle the tie and give the Vipers 3 crucial points.
Bayside Pirates FC 0
Cobras FC 1 (Skok 37')
The Cobras bounced back from their disappointing loss last week and claimed all three points in a tightly contested match against a slightly depleted Bayside team.
The Pirates also fielded the youngest player in the competition thus far in15 year old Gavin Petrolo.
The game was decided by a great shot in the 37th minute to the bottom right corner from Christian Skok who was sorely missed in Round Two.
Pascoe Vale FC 6 (Soufi 3' 20' 29' Caro 5' Simsek 35' Kruel 49')
Joma Jaguars 0
Pascoe Vale has continued their great form, putting six goals past the Jaguars without reply resulting in PVFC's second clean sheet of the season.
The goals were split evenly three in each half with Sofiane Soufi claiming Man of the Match honours with a great hat-trick.
Andre Caro, Oner Simsek and Lucas Kruel all got on the scoresheet for the first time this season.
Pascoe Vale will now enjoy their Bye rounds only to return to face a stellar test from the Vic Vipers on the 12th of June.
The action continues next week when Joma Jaguars play Bayside Pirates, St Albans Strikers face-off against EFA and the battle of the snakes when Vic Vipers take on Cobras. Table-toppers Pascoe Vale have the bye.
Click here for full fixtures, results and ladders.


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C W Boyce Photography Photographer
Ashley Brooke OsborneModel Female Richmond, Indiana, US
Mayhem # 2523588
About MeI'm 26 years old and from a small town, but I have HUGE dreams! I love feeling beautiful and I love taking pictures! I mainly enjoy promo work, swimwear, fashion, runway, and lingerie, but I have taken implied nudes before. I participated in Playboy Golf in 2011 and 2012, and I am currently an Indianapolis Girl of Golf winner. My photo feature is listed on www.LLGolftour.com. I am also featured in 7 days away music video from their album "The risk" in "Just for the night" http://youtu.be/fAL3bm46Vws. I am looking for experienced photographers and serious inquiries only. You can message me and please include the following:
* Type of shoot
* Payment
* Date
* Location
* HMU provided?
Have you worked with Ashley Brooke Osborne? Add Credits for Ashley Brooke Osborne! >>
C W Boyce Photography Photographer
DeLorean Model
Christopher Printz Photographer
Image Works Studios Photographer
Imagemaker Photographer
James W Richardson Photographer
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The Aldus Society
Columbus, Ohio
Find us on Facebook!
Fellowship of
If you experience
The Aldus Society is an organization for people who appreciate the many facets of text and image through various media, but principally the book, past, present and future.
Aldus provides a wide variety of programs and activities on book collecting, the history of printing, publishing, and book selling, book illustration, book design, book bindings, paper making, typography, calligraphy, and libraries.
Monthly lectures are held on the second Thursday of the month from September through November and from January through May. These meetings are free and open to the public. All are welcome.
Members of the Aldus Society enjoy additional activities including a thrice-yearly newsletter, field trips, First Saturdays, a Summer Picnic, Book Crawls, dinner with the speaker, the Holiday Dinner and Book Auction, and access to the Aldus Forum (listserv). Memberships start at $50 per year for individuals. To enjoy the full range of Aldus activities, consider an annual membership.
In addition to the enjoyment of participating in the group's activities, members receive the twice yearly publication of the Fellowship of American Bibliophilic Societies (FABS).
The Aldus
P.O. Box 1150
Worthington, Ohio 43085-1150
Aldus members: to subscribe to our
listserv, The Aldus Society Forum,
please send an email to Emerson Gilbert at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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If you're interested in purchasing a sheet metal fabrication shop or something similar then you can visit the fabrication businesses for sale page that I've just set up.
Jimmy Wilson from Businesses for Sale has been kind enough to send me the relevant rss feed for me to implement on The Tinbasher.
There are sheet metal fabrication businesses from all over the world for sale and I sincerely hope those of you looking to purchase one find it useful.


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London (Jul. 31)
The twentieth anniversary of the outbreak of the World War with its tragic economic, political and moral effects on the Jews, particularly those of Eastern Europe, will be observed on August 2nd by German, Austrian and other European Jewish communities.
The All-German Jewish Representative Body today issued a call under the signature of its president, Rabbi Leo Baeck, urging all German Jews to "seriously commemorate this day."
Similarly the Vienna Jewish newspapers draw attention to the day which brought about the destruction of Austrian Jewry's economic position and political rights, recalling that before the World War the Austrian Jews were not aware of anti-Semitism.
The difference between the status of the German Jews twenty years ago and today is emphasized in leading articles in all the German Jewish papers. All the papers commented on the patriotism with which the German Jews regarded the World War and their extreme sacrifices for the German cause.


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Two Bedroom Oceanfront condo at Sugar Beach Resort
Join the many guests who return to Sugar Beach each year to enjoy the spectacular views from this exceptional beach front location. Wake up to the gentle sound of waves breaking along five miles of white sand beach. One of Maui's best beaches for strolling, sunning and swimming is right outside your door.
- Bedrooms 2
- Bathrooms 2
- Sleeps 6
- Nearby City Kihei
- Nearby Water Pacific Ocean
- Open Dates All Year
Nearest Airports
- Kahului Airport (OGG) / 8.2 miles
- Kapalua Airport (JHM) / 18.1 miles
- Hana Airport (HNM) / 29.3 miles
* Not all airports listed here may be open to public use, or service commercial flights
Additional Information
- Swimming Pool
- Beach
- Outdoor Grill(s)
- Picnic Table(s)
Room Amenities
- Air Conditioning
- Alarm Clock
- Coffee Maker
- Full Kitchen
- In Room Safe
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
- Free Parking
- Concierge
Languages Spoken
- English
Message this property
By clicking 'Submit' you are agreeing to our Terms of Service
Vacation Request Successfully submitted. Thank You!


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Extra 10% Off when the item is back in stock!
I love you. Please forgive me.My humblest apologies that this item is not in stock. I swear on the grave of my favorite recently departed chew toy, I will make it up to you! If you'd like to be notified when this item becomes available, enter your information below and click "Notify Me."
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I like that you have tiny sizes which are hard to find.
Product Information
We have used this for over a year and it still springs back / extends out with ease. Well constructed an great for medium size dog who appreciates a bit more freedom on her walk


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June 1998
Patenting Life In Europe
Field Testers Taken To Task
Regulatory Gene Confers Resistance To Multiple Diseases
Chitinase-Expressing Tobacco: Bad News For Budworms
Cassava Dreams Spurred By First Molecular Genetic Map
Human Clinical Trials Show Effectiveness Of Transgenic Plant-Derived Pharmaceuticals
Seedless Tomatoes On The Way
Transposon-Mediated Transformation Of Mosquitoes
Major Moves: An Acquisition Update
On 12 May 1998 the European Parliament approved the Biotechnology Patent Directive after ten years of discussion. One of the major rate-limiting steps of the Biotechnology Revolution has been the legal issue of prohibiting worldwide patenting of transgenic inventions. This vote removes legal prohibitions to patenting transgenics.
The following is summarized from a patent commentary by Breffni Baggot in the March 1998 issue of Nature Biotechnology. Two laws have blocked the patentability of transgenics: the European Patent Convention's (EPC's) Article 53(a) blocks patentability of inventions whose commercial use would be contrary to public policy and Article 53(b) excludes "plant and animal varieties" from patentability.
Interpretations vary from country to country and therein lies the rub. The European Patent Organization (EPO) and EU member states have selectively issued or rejected patents. Two cases have made the interpretation especially difficult, the granting of a patent to the "Harvard" mouse and the rejection of a Plant Genetics Systems transgenic plant patent.
Discontent over the inability to explain this discrepancy led to the drafting of this new legislation known as the EU Biotechnology Patent Directive, which is more favorable toward patenting transgenics and less subject to idiosyncratic interpretation. The Directive redefines EPC Article 53 to avoid the result in the Plant Genetics Systems case and defines both patentable plants and animals and plant and animal varieties.
If sorting out this legal process seems burdensome, similar things happened in the computer industry. The computer software industry ultimately claimed a mathematical algorithm in conjunction with a physical process to override the U.S. Supreme Court's rejection of patenting an algorithm alone. The biotechnology industry would do well to demonstrate the industrial application of transgenic animal and plant materials.
More information can be found on the following web sites:
1. Notice of the decision, Europe OKs Biotech Patents, http://www.bric.postech.ac.kr/science/97now/98_5now/980512c.html
2. Final text of the EC Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions, http://www.wuesthoff.de/c.htm
3. Commentary on the EC Directive, http://www.wuesthoff.de/e.htm, http://ci.mond.org/9506/950613.html
4. A non-technical summary of intellectual property rights issues in agricultural biotechnology, the ISB News Report Special Issue On Intellectual Property Rights, http://www.isb.vt.edu/news/1995/news95.may.html
Edward Weck
BioTec Innovation
Northfield, MN
Field Testers Taken to Task
Leading biotechnology companies that failed to stick to agreed plans for field experiments with genetically engineered plants have had their knuckles rapped by Britain's gene police. Though not fined, the culprits have been named publicly and some have been forced to rip up the plots.
The Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment (ACRE), which advises the British government on the safety of releasing genetically engineered organisms, last week publicized a rogues' gallery of companies and research labs that have breached the terms of their approvals to carry out field experiments. The information was reported in the April 4, 1998 issue of New Scientist.
The companies are Monsanto of St. Louis, Missouri, the world's largest agricultural biotech firm; Plant Genetic Systems of Ghent, Belgium; AgrEvo of Frankfurt, Germany; and Nickerson Biochem of Cambridge, England. The other miscreants are the Scottish Crop Research Institute near Dundee and the National Institute of Agricultural Botany in Cambridge, England (see table below). Jony Beringer, a microbiologist at the University of Bristol who chairs ACRE, says "This should help to show that the government is not acting like a doormat," adding "I'm all for naming and shaming, as this is worth many times more than fines."
Anyone planning to grow an experimental plot of genetically engineered plants in Britain must first put detailed proposals to ACRE. The breaches highlighted by ACRE were uncovered by the Health and Safety Executive. Nickerson Biochem and Monsanto both allowed crops to grow much nearer to unmodified plants than agreed. The two companies said that the errors were due to misunderstandings by the contractors who carried out the trials, but they accept responsibility.
"It's completely inexcusable, and we have done everything we can to avoid it happening again," says Tina Barby, Director of Nickerson Biochem.
P. Janaki Krishna
Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Public Enterprise
Hyderabad, India
|Biotech Company
|Breach of Contract
|Herbicide resistant oilseed rape
|Buffer zone surrounding crop too small
|Plant Genetic Systems
|Herbicide resistant oilseed rape with male sterility
|Failed to notify conservation officials or public about trials
|Herbicide resistant wheat
|Failed to implement measures to limit escape of pollen
|Nickerson Biochem
|Oilseed rape with extra phytase gene
|Buffer zone surrounding crop too small
|Scottish Crop Research Institute
|Potato resistant to leaf roll virus
|Surrounded plants with beans rather than cereals
|National Institute of Agricultural Botany
|Herbicide resistant oilseed rape
|Seed scattered outsidedesignated area
Regulatory Gene Confers Resistance to Multiple Diseases
Researchers at Duke University have identified a gene that triggers what is called the acquired resistance response in plants by turning on a battery of pathogenesis-related genes. Overexpression of this gene beefed up the plant's defense response against both fungal and bacterial pathogens.
The report appears in the latest issue of PNAS. The strategy is similar to that employed to enhance the plant tolerance against cold by turning on a regulatory gene (see May 1998 ISB News Report).
In the face of pathogen attack, plants generally can have two types of defense reaction. One is a hypersensitive response that restricts the spread of specific pathogens at the site of infection. It is an "all or none" response involving a single plant R gene corresponding to a specific avirulence gene in the pathogen, the so called gene-for-gene interaction. The other type of response is called systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a non-specific reaction involving expression of many pathogenesis-related (PR) genes.
Whereas R genes provide a high level of resistance against specific pathogen races, they are vulnerable to pathogen evolution and disease resistant varieties become susceptible quickly. On the other hand, PR genes, which individually do not provide adequate protection, work collectively to provide a modest but long term resistance against many pathogens. Both gene types have been cloned recently from many plants and are the subject of intense molecular scrutiny.
The Duke team led by Xinnian Dong cloned a "master-switch" gene (NPR1) in Arabidopsis that regulates many downstream PR genes. NPR1 expression is enhanced by pathogen attack or chemicals which are known to trigger SAR such as salicylic acid. The NPR1 gene is involved in the transduction of the salicylic acid signal leading to SAR. Researchers introduced a copy of this gene under the control of the constitutive CaMV35S promoter back into Arabidopsis.
Transgenic plants having only a modest increase in NPR1 protein showed dramatic resistance not only to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae but also to the fungal pathogen Pernospora parasitica. Just three days after infection, the growth of bacteria was inhibited more than a thousand-fold in transgenic plants. These lines also showed an increased transcription of many PR genes, suggesting that the NPR1 gene activates a range of defense-related genes which may act synergistically to confer disease resistance.
Overproducing the NPR1 protein resulted in "stronger rather than quicker" induction of PR genes. The reaction was similar to the disease resistance response seen in wild type plants when sprayed with chemicals that trigger SAR. Interestingly, one transgenic line producing negligible amounts of NPR1 protein (possibly due to cosupression) remained highly susceptible to both pathogens and showed no increase in PR gene expression.
The Duke study hints at a tantalizing possibility that crop plants with durable and broad-spectrum resistance against many destructive diseases can be developed using just one gene. Several crops, including potato, corn, wheat, cabbage and canola, contain DNA sequences similar to the NPR1 gene, and Dong has already cloned the gene from tobacco and tomato. She believes that NPR1-mediated resistance will be more durable than R genes, as the pathogen will have the insurmountable task of overcoming many activated plant defense genes in order to become virulent. Further, as the NPR1 protein is activated only under disease attack it may not drain the plant's resources and may be less likely to impose strong selection pressure on the pathogen. Dong's group is now testing the transgenic Arabidopsis against other diseases.
Cao, H., X. Li, and X. Dong. 1998. Generation of broad-spectrum disease resistance by overexpression of an essential regulatory gene in systemic acquired resistance. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 95:6531-6536.
C. S. Prakash
Center for Plant Biotechnology Research
Tuskegee University
Chitinase-Expressing Tobacco: Bad News for Budworms
The ability to introduce foreign genes into plants has allowed the development of a variety of strategies for improving resistance to insect predation and diseases of crop plants. One such strategy has been to deploy a gene that was cloned from a pathogen or pest for biological control. Expression of this gene at an appropriate time and level disrupts the development of the same or a related pathogen or pest. Examples include expression of viral coat protein genes to confer resistance to virus infection, and, more recently, use of insect chitinase genes to interfere with the growth and feeding of insect pests.
Expression of chitinase in the insect gut normally occurs only during molting, when the chitin of the peritrophic membrane is presumably degraded. Thus, insects feeding on plants that constitutively express an insect chitinase gene might be adversely affected by an inappropriately timed exposure to chitinase. This hypothesis was tested by introducing cDNA encoding a tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) chitinase into tobacco via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
A truncated but enzymatically active chitinase was present in plants expressing the gene. Segregating progeny of high-expressing plants were compared for their ability to support growth of tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) larvae and for feeding damage. Both parameters were significantly reduced in budworms fed on transgenic tobacco plants expressing high levels of the chitinase gene. This result illustrates that an insect chitinase transgene can enhance plant resistance to budworm neonates feeding on tobacco.
In contrast, hornworm larvae showed no significant growth reduction when fed on the chitinase-expressing transgenic plants. Why hornworm larvae were not affected is unclear. One possible explanation is that the concentration of the enzyme was too low to negate inactivating mechanisms likely present in this homologous system, given that the specific activity of the truncated form is about one-fourth that of the full-length enzyme.
Interestingly, however, both budworm and hornworm larvae, when fed on chitinase-expressing transgenic plants coated with sub-lethal concentrations of a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, were significantly stunted relative to larvae fed on control plants having only the Bt treatment. Foliar damage was also reduced. For tobacco hornworm, the effect was seen on transgenic plants having a foliar coating of 288 ng of Bt toxin per gram fresh weight.
A similar Bt toxin-chitinase transgene interaction was observed with the tobacco budworm. Chitinase expressing plants coated with 360 ng of toxin per gram fresh weight exhibited a 56% reduction in their mean foliar damage index relative to nontransgenic controls, and the biomass of surviving larvae was reduced by 89%.
This observation suggests the Manduca chitinase gene could also be useful for potentiating the effectiveness or increasing the spectrum of Bt insect control proteins. It may have utility as a companion transgene, which, when engineered into a plant together with a Bt gene, enhances the effectiveness of the Bt gene. Alternatively, a crop cultivar expressing a chitinase transgene might be used to potentiate the action of a foliar Bt application. This approach would provide an alternative to full-season exposure to transgene encoded Bt toxin, which raises a management issue regarding the development of insect resistance.
Further exploration of the potential for insect control by the Manduca or other chitinases, alone or in combination with other genes for insecticidal proteins, is warranted.
Ding, X. et al. 1998. Insect resistance of transgenic tobacco expressing an insect chitinase gene. Transgenic Research 7:77-84.
P. Janaki Krishna
Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Public Enterprise
Hyderabad, India
Cassava Dreams Spurred By First Molecular Genetic Map
Nigerian plant geneticist Martin Fregene has a dream: to find the genes that control agronomic traits in cassava. This knowledge could be used to enhance cassava's traditional role as provider of food security in Africa, and future role as an industrial crop world-wide. The quest has spurred him to develop a molecular genetic map for cassava, the first such map for a major food crop generated outside of an industrialized country.
Fregene and his colleagues developed the map at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) near Cali, Colombia, and reported it in the August 1997 issue of Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Fregene is convinced the effort will help brighten the picture for what he has called "the genetically least understood of any of the staple crops that feed mankind, including rice, maize, wheat, and potatoes." Indeed, over 500 million people depend on cassava for their food and livelihood in the developing world, with 50 million consuming it twice daily in Fregene's home country of Nigeria.
Cassava biotechnology news last appeared in the ISB News Report in July and August, 1996. An editorial by Indra K. Vasil in the June 1996 issue of Nature Biotechnology, claiming that "the technology to improve cassava ... is a product of developed countries," raised questions regarding the appropriate use of, and access to, such technology. These remarks were countered by Ann Marie Thro's detailed description of the Cassava Biotechnology Network (CBN), two-thirds of whose 300 member researchers work in cassava-growing countries, i.e. the developing world.
Nearly two years later, it is clear that much groundbreaking cassava biotechnology research is being done in the southern hemisphere. A soon-to-be-published book (1) describes a number of important advances in the areas of molecular genetics, genetic transformation and regeneration, and micropropagation.
The molecular genetic map of cassava is expected to push forward the study of the genetics of economically important traits and genetic diversity in cassava. Two good examples, both underway at CIAT, are ongoing quantitative trait loci studies of root quality traits and early bulking, and a recently concluded study of genetic relationships between 600 cassava genotypes and their wild relatives using microsatellite markers that were developed during the mapping project. More recently, genes of known function involved in starch biosynthesis and cyanogenesis, as well as seven expressed sequence tags (ESTs), have been added to the map. Addition of ESTs to the cassava map is only just beginning; it is part of ongoing efforts to saturate the map with highly polymorphic, PCR-based molecular markers.
The last several years have also brought advances in genetic transformation and successful recovery of genetically transformed cassava plants. This was made possible by development of a system of organogenesis using somatic embryos as the source of cotyledon explants. Cells at or close to the cut edges of the explants can be induced to form shoots; thus they are suitable for Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Improved regeneration through this method has been accompanied by enhanced selection methods, including use of the firefly luciferase gene, either alone or in combination with the phosphinoacetyl transferase gene which confers herbicide tolerance.
The above review should provide a useful context in which to evaluate the appearance of the molecular map for cassava. In a recent interview, Fregene discussed the implications of the map and its end users. He pointed out that the consequences of hampered breeding in cassava until now include production not meeting demand in Africa's sub-Saharan region, where over 90% of yield is consumed as food. This has caused an increase in field acreage, mostly into marginal lands, and price increases. What's more, the erratic supply of cassava roots prevents new marketing and post-harvest opportunities, impeding acquisition of much needed skills and income.
The advent of genome studies using genetic maps and molecular markers and plant transgenesis have all provided ways around obstacles inherent to cassava such as its long growth cycle and heterozygous nature. At present efforts are geared to gene tagging of important root quality and earliness traits. Additional work includes localizing and cloning resistance genes to the devastating African cassava mosaic disease and cassava bacterial blight. It is hoped that these efforts provide a solution to frequent disease epidemics, as well as a means of understanding the mechanisms of resistance. The latter is the subject of Fregene's current research (2).
As for the end users of these technologies, Fregene said that genetic engineers, germplasm specialists, and plant breeders are now taking advantage of his team's research results. "Marker technology in general will not reach the farmer quite yet," he pointed out. "This will take three or four more years of research." The geneticist also added that "four years is nothing when you have a dream."
1. Thro, A. M. et al. 1998. Genetic biotechnologies and cassava-based development of marginal rural areas. In: T. Hohn and K. Leisinger, eds. Gene- and Biotechnology of Food Crops in Developing Countries. Springer Verlag, New York, Vienna, in press.
2. Fregene, M. et al. 1998. AFLP Analysis of African cassava germplasm resistant to the Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, in press.
Timothy Pratt
Cali, Colombia
Human Clinical Trials Show Effectiveness of Transgenic Plant-Derived Pharmaceuticals
For centuries, plants have been a valuable source of natural pharmaceuticals. In the past decade, intensive research has been focused on expanding the use of plants as pharmaceutical production systems by genetic engineering. It is now clear that plants can be manipulated to produce a wide variety of such compounds, from vaccine antigens and monoclonal antibodies to pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites. Two of the seminal papers which gave proof of the concept of the use of transgenic plants as pharmaceutical production systems were published back-to-back in the May 1995 issue of Science. Now, exactly three years later, in the May issue of Nature Medicine the same two groups reported the results of successful human clinical trials with their transgenic plant-derived pharmaceuticals: an edible vaccine against E. coli-induced diarrhea (1) and a secretory monoclonal antibody directed against Streptococcus mutans, for preventative immunotherapy to reduce incidence of dental caries (2).
An Edible Vaccine in Transgenic Potatoes
Research in the Plants and Human Health group at the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research at Cornell University, led by Drs. Charles Arntzen and Hugh Mason, is focused on developing both production and delivery systems for subunit protein vaccines. They have reported that transgenic plants can express a variety of antigenic proteins, such as hepatitis B virus surface antigen, Norwalk virus capsid protein, and the B subunit of the Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin (LT-B). In 1995, this group showed that not only could transgenic potato plants express the E. coli LT-B protein, but also that tubers expressing this protein could induce a specific immune response against LT-B when fed to mice as part of their normal diet (3). These results suggested that transgenic plant tissues expressing vaccine antigens could be used for immunization against a myriad of diseases, and raised hopes that this technology might solve many of the problems associated with delivery of safe, effective vaccines to people in developing countries. Production of recombinant subunit vaccines could be as cheap as agriculture, distribution as convenient as marketing fresh produce, and administration as simple and as safe as feeding a baby a banana! The report describing the results of the first human clinical trial of a plant-derived vaccine provides further important proof that transgenic plants could be used as "edible vaccines". This trial used E. coli LT-B-expressing potatoes produced by the Boyce Thompson Institute group.
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Vibrio cholerae are the primary pathogens responsible for acute watery diarrhea. Both bacteria initiate disease by colonizing the intestinal epithelia and both produce multi-subunit enterotoxins, which cause the diarrheal symptoms. The heat labile enterotoxin (LT) of ETEC is closely related to cholera toxin (CT). There is currently no reliable and effective vaccine against either ETEC or cholera. There is, however, evidence that suggests that oral vaccination against the B-subunit of either toxin can induce production of mucosal antibodies which can neutralize the toxicity of the respective holotoxin by preventing its binding to gut cells.
In the clinical trial, two groups of volunteers consumed either 50 g or 100 g of raw potato tubers expressing LT-B (equivalent to 0.5 mg or 1 mg LT-B per dose, respectively) and were compared with a third group that ate untransformed potato tubers. The first two groups developed specific anti-LT-B mucosal and systemic immune responses while the control group did not. These responses are comparable to those observed when humans are challenged with 109 ETEC bacteria. The human clinical trials demonstrate that edible plant vaccines are immunogenic in humans, as was previously shown in mice; proving that they can protect humans against a challenge is the next logical step.
A Plant-Derived Recombinant Antibody
In 1995, Julian Ma of Guy's Hospital in London, UK, and colleagues showed that transgenic tobacco plants could express and assemble recombinant secretory antibodies. This was in itself a significant advance since these molecules are fairly complex, consisting of four separate polypeptide chains. Ma's group expressed a hybrid secretory monoclonal antibody (SIgA/G) directed against the cell surface adhesion protein of S. mutans. When the antibody is present in the oral cavity it prevents bacterial colonization and subsequent development of dental caries. The authors expressed each of the four proteins in separate tobacco lines, and created a line which expressed all four by sexually crossing the four lines (4). They were able to show that the four polypeptides-- a hybrid IgG-IgA heavy chain, IgG light chain, a joining chain, and a secretory component-- assembled into a functional secretory immunoglobulin molecule.
In their recent paper, Ma's group compared the transgenic recombinant SIgA/G molecule with its parental mouse IgG monoclonal antibody. As expected, the plant-derived molecule and the parental antibody had similar affinity constants; the plant molecule had higher functional affinity since it is a dimeric structure, with four antigen binding sites, in comparison with the monomeric IgG molecule. For the human trial, the oral cavity of adult human volunteers was effectively sterilized with a bacteriocidal mouthwash, and the antibody solution applied to the teeth. Overall, the results of this trial were spectacular. The plant-derived SIgA/G survived for longer periods of time than the IgG (3 days compared with 1 day) in the human mouth, probably because SIgA molecules have markedly enhanced stability in comparison with IgG. The recombinant antibody prevented recolonization of the teeth by S. mutans, but not other bacteria, for at least four months, while volunteers who received control treatment all had significant S. mutans recolonization within two months.
In both human clinical trial studies, there were no major side-effects observed. These reports therefore represent significant advances in plant biotechnology, and have shown that transgenic plants may indeed be cost-effective, efficient and effective production systems for protein pharmaceuticals.
1. Tacket, C.O., H.S. Mason, G. Losonsky, J.D. Clements, M.M. Levine, and C.J. Arntzen. 1998. Immunogenicity of a recombinant bacterial antigen delivered in a transgenic potato. Nature Medicine 4: 607-609.
2. Ma, J.K-C., B.Y. Himat, K. Wycoff, N.D. Vine, D. Chargelegue, L. Yu, M.B. Hein, and T. Lehner. 1998. Characterization of a recombinant plant monoclonal secretory antibody and preventative immunotherapy in humans. Nature Medicine 4: 601-606.
3. Haq, T., H.S. Mason, J.D. Clements, and C.J. Arntzen. 1995. Oral immunization with a recombinant bacterial antigen produced in transgenic plants. Science 268: 714-716.
4. Ma, J.K-C., A. Hiatt, M. Hein, N.D. Vine, F. Wang, P. Stabila, C. van Dolleweerd, K. Mostov, and T. Lehner. 1995. Generation and assembly of secretory antibodies in plants. Science 268:716-719.
Kenneth E. Palmer
Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research
Cornell University
In the wake of the recent development of seedless eggplant by an Italian research team, Yi Li, a Kansas State University scientist, now reports the development of a seedless tomato. The two studies used a similar approach in which seedlessness was achieved by genetically engineering parthenocarpy through overproduction of hormones necessary for fruit development (see the February 1998 ISB News Report).
While the small seeds in tomato are not bothersome for consumers, the ability to produce tomato fruits without seeds may afford considerable advantages for the grower. Normally, pollination and subsequent seed production are required for good fruit development in most plants. Seeds in developing fruit trigger the synthesis of auxins and cytokinins, plant hormones that promote cell division and expansion. Bad weather during flowering can interfere with pollination, resulting in a bad tomato harvest. Thus genetic modification of the crop to reduce its dependency on pollination for fruit development could reduce the constraints of weather, insect pollinators, and growing season.
Li developed seedless tomatoes by expressing two Agrobacterium phytohormone genes under the regulatory control of promoters that are specifically expressed in developing ovaries and fruit. An unexpected bonus in the engineered tomatoes was the high solids content seen in the fruits. Li suspects that the seedless tomato may funnel its resources towards higher solids that would otherwise have gone into producing seeds and the jelly-like substance surrounding them.
Both seedlessness and high solids are valuable traits for the tomato processing industry, where most of the tomato harvest ends up. Processors routinely remove the seeds and reduce the water content of tomatoes before cooking up ketchup or pasta sauce.
Currently, the tomatoes need to be emasculated (pollen sacs removed) to obtain completely seedless fruits, a laborious process. A Dutch biotechnology company, which is field testing the transgenic tomatoes, is working to introduce a female sterility gene into these lines. Li and the company are also developing seedless watermelons through genetic engineering, as they believe that this would result in better tasting fruits with extended shelf life.
Kansas State University News Release, April 21, 1998. http://www.newss.ksu.edu/WEB/News/NewsReleases/seedless4218.html
C.S. Prakash
Center for Plant Biotechnology Research
Tuskegee University
Mosquitoes serve as a vector for transmission of a number of pathogens such as yellow fever virus, dengue virus and the malarial parasite. Attempts to develop pathogen-resistant mosquitoes have been hampered by a lack of a reliable method to stably transfer foreign DNA into the mosquito germline. This obstacle has finally been overcome. In the March 1998 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), researchers at the University of California, Irvine and the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta report methods for the stable transfer of foreign genes into the genome of the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
Borrowing from the molecular tools developed for other insect species, the fly transposable elements Hermes and mariner were modified for use in mosquitoes. Transposable elements or transposons are small DNA fragments that can move around the genome of the host by a process of replication/excision and integration. Thus when a transposon that has been modified to contain foreign DNA integrates into the host genome, the foreign gene is also cointegrated.
To readily monitor the fate of the foreign DNA, an eye color gene, again borrowed from flies, was cloned into a transposon residing in a plasmid. This construct was coinjected into mosquito embryos along with a plasmid encoding the enzyme transposase, which is necessary for the excision of the transposon DNA from the plasmid. A mutant strain of white-eyed mosquitoes was used as a recipient. Transformed white-eyed mosquitoes which express the new eye color gene developed colored eyes. Using this phenotypic trait as a marker, the foreign gene was observed to be transmitted through the germline according to Mendelian rules and to be stable for at least ten generations.
The development of these transformation systems opens up the real possibility of genetically engineering pathogen-resistant mosquitoes. For example, Aedes mosquitoes could be made resistant to yellow fever virus or Dengue virus and Anopheles mosquitoes, an important malaria vector, could be genetically manipulated to control outbreaks of malaria. Mosquitoes also serve as a vector for the transfer of the Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus from wild birds to humans and horses. EEE virus attacks the central nervous system and infection is almost always fatal in horses. An EEE virus resistant mosquito could greatly reduce the incidence of this fatal disease in horses.
Development of transgenic mosquitoes is just the first step towards the implementation of a biological control program. Further research is needed to identify genes that confer resistance to pathogen infection. The appropriate strategy for the safe and effective spread of the recombinant gene to wild mosquito populations needs to be evaluated. In addition, the risks associated with releasing transgenic mosquitoes into target areas must be assessed. Although a number of questions still remain to be answered, the light in the distance for insect biotechnologists is drawing nearer and nearer.
1. Jasinskiene, N. et al. 1998. Stable transformation of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, with the Hermes element from the housefly. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:3743-3747.
2. Coates C.J. et al. 1998. Mariner transposition and transformation of
the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:3748-3751.
Eric Wong
Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences
Virginia Tech
It seems to get harder and harder to write about the business side of agricultural biotechnology without discussing Monsanto in one way or another. This month is no exception. In fact, in a flurry of recent activity, Monsanto has further strengthened its position in the crop biotechnology arena. There is also some talk that the hunter might also be the hunted, as recent divestitures on the part of chemical giant DuPont have led to speculation that Monsanto might become an acquisition target of the Wilmington, Delaware (USA)-based company.
In mid-May, Monsanto announced that it had reached agreements with DEKALB Genetics and Delta & Pine Land Company to acquire the two companies (1). DEKALB is a global leader in agricultural genetics and a top hybrid seed corn company, while Delta & Pine is a major breeder, producer, and marketer of cotton seed. These acquisitions by Monsanto allow the company to "provide both technology and global reach by creating broader seed platforms that enable [Monsanto] to better connect traits to the needs of growers and processors, and allow [Monsanto] to more quickly anticipate new markets or marketplace trends."
Monsanto agreed to ante up a total of $4.2 billion in cash and stock for the two seed companies, paying over $100 per share for DEKALB ($2.3 billion) for the 60% of the company it did not already own, and about $1.9 billion for Delta & Pine (2). The price that Monsanto agreed to pay for DEKALB is nearly three times the price that the shares traded for in February prior to the Roberts' Family (founders and holders of a controlling stake) decision to put its shares up for sale. The premiums reflect Monsanto's desire to continue building its crop biotechnology and life sciences business.
There was some concern raised in a recent Wall Street Journal article about Monsanto's debt level given the magnitude of its acquisition activities in the past few years (2). In the same article, Monsanto CEO Robert Shapiro was quick to note that this would not be a problem as Monsanto operates with significant cash flow and is capable of paying down debt very quickly. There was also concern as to the ability of Monsanto to carry out, on its own, its aggressive agbiotech vision. This has led some to speculate that Monsanto will ultimately seek to align itself with a larger partner to create the necessary critical mass to be a major player in the biotechnology-driven agricultural world of tomorrow.
One such possible partner, DuPont Co., recently shed its Conoco oil unit, generating an estimated $25 billion which the company has stated it will likely use to invest in its life sciences business (3). The sale of the Conoco unit is thought by some to precede a major acquisition in the life sciences area by DuPont. Monsanto has been mentioned as one possible target, along with Zeneca and Pioneer Hi-Bred (of which DuPont already owns 20%). DuPont's expectations for life sciences and biotechnology are not paltry. The company anticipates that as much as a third of earnings will come from this area in another five years, compared with only about 18% now. DuPont has been working in recent years to establish its life sciences presence, having last year spent $1.7 billion for its 20% stake in Pioneer Hi-Bred.
Given the feverish pace at which acquisitions have been taking place in the last couple years, it is not unreasonable to expect some kind of action on the part of DuPont in the near future. What exactly that will be is yet to be determined, and the rumors are flying. At the end of May, there was a report that DuPont might purchase healthcare biotechnology giant Amgen (4). Although neither company discussed the proposition publicly, there were mixed sentiments among Wall Street analysts as the validity of the rumors. As always, stay tuned...
1. Monsanto Acquires Two Seed Companies To Broaden Availability Of Agricultural Biotechnology. Press Release (http://www.monsanto.com), May 1998.
2. Kilman, S. Monsanto Buys Two Companies for $4.2 Billion. The Wall Street Journal, May 12, 1998.
3. Warren, S. DuPont Plans to Shed Conoco Oil Unit. The Wall Street Journal, May 12, 1998.
4. Seachrist, L. Amgen Stock Jumps On Rumor DuPont May Buy Out Company. BioWorld
Today, Vol. 9, No. 99, May 26, 1998.
William O. Bullock
Institute for Biotechnology Information,
LLC Research Triangle Park, NC
The material in this News Report is compiled by NBIAP's Information Systems for Biotechnology, a joint project of USDA/CSREES and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. It does not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or of Virginia Tech. The News Report may be freely photocopied or otherwise distributed without charge. P.L. Traynor, Editor.
Information Systems for Biotechnology, 120 Engel Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0308, tel: 540-231-2620, fax: 540-231-2614, email: firstname.lastname@example.com
For internet access to the News Report, textfiles, and databases use one of the following procedures.
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If the goal is to get into the playoffs A.S.A.P. (which I don't think it needs to be), this trade should do the trick. Details after the jump.
Simple, somewhat realistic version:
- Sixers give Sam Dalembert
- Detroit gives Ben Gordon
This trade assumes the Sixers have drafted Derrick Favors (or maybe DeMarcus Cousins, though I certainly hope not). They get a starting two guard who can score a ton. They have to hide him defensively, but that's not much of a problem considering he'll be playing between Jrue and Iguodala. The huge downside is the 4 years, $48M remaining on Gordon's contract. He's actually signed for a season longer than Elton Brand, and he was horrible in Detroit last season.
I'm not sure if Joe Dumars is desperate to get out from under Ben Gordon's contract, but he certainly should be. He's built a horrible roster in Detroit and he needs to regain some flexibility. Dalembert's expiring contract gives him a usable big for this season, then he regains the cap space he blew on Gordon next summer, so he can waste it again.
Here's the rotation for the Sixers after the trade:
PG: Holiday
SG: Gordon
SF: Iguodala
PF: Brand
C: Favors
6th Man: Thad
Bench: Lou, Speights, Kapono, Meeks, etc.
I think I'd pass on this deal. As I've said before, there's no rush here and trading for Gordon seems like rushing things to me. He's making too much money and that contract is just too long. There are better options out there to obtain a shooter, with much less risk involved. If Sammy's expiring contract is going to be moved, and long money is coming back, it had better be a young impact player you're getting.
What say you? Would you do this deal?
by Brian on Jun 10 2010
Tags: Basketball | Ben Gordon | Offseason | On Vacation | Sixers | Trades |
Tags: Basketball | Ben Gordon | Offseason | On Vacation | Sixers | Trades |


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14 posts
3 years ago
Chateau Montelena 1988, merry Christmas!
Ghost Pines Red Blend Sonoma County Wine
4 years ago
Delicious and tart.
Provenance Vineyard 2009
4 years ago
Merry Christmas! Cocoa and berries.
Triplebank Pinot Noir 2010
5 years ago
5 years ago
An "orange" white from Damijan, a Kaplja bianco from 2004. This is a great white for red lovers.
Copain Les Copains James Berry 2007
5 years ago
From Copain, a Vin Rouge, 2007. Light, smooth, fruity but not overpowering.
Domaine Huet Vouvray Petillant Brut 2002
5 years ago
Wonderful Vouvray pétillant from Huet, 2002 brut reserve. Happy New Year!
Cascina Degli Ulivi Montemarino
5 years ago
Cascina Degli Ulivi, "orange-style", coppery color, distinctive honey aroma and flavor (think Ethiopian honey wine).
Quinta De Azevedo Vinho Verde
5 years ago
From Portugal, 2010, under $10, very tart and citrusy, slightly effervescent.
Cascina Degli Ulivi Gavi 2010
5 years ago
From Cascina Degli Ulivi, 2010. Wonderful bite, delicious fruit-flavored frizzante.
Cocobon California Red Wine 2009
5 years ago
Cheap table red from Trader Joe's. Distinct sweetness with a tang, but pretty tasty overall.
Gamla Galilee Cabernet Sauvignon 2008
5 years ago
Grown in the Golan Heights & Upper Galilee. Kosher. Delicious!
Apothic Red Winemaker's Blend 2008
6 years ago
Surprisingly full and smooth. Mix of Syrah, Zinfandel, and Merlot.


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A ribbon-cutting ceremony for the new educational aquarium at the University Student Center will be held on Monday, June 10, at 11 a.m. The 1,100-gallon saltwater aquarium is located in The Reef dining facility at the University Student Center. The aquarium was supplied by Secrets of the Sea Marine Exploration and Aquarium with donations from Duke Energy and the USFSP … Continue reading
Tag Archives: Bill Hogarth
Interim Regional Chancellor Bill Hogarth says thanks and farewell
I write this with a little sadness and joy all at the same time. As you know my time at USF St. Petersburg is winding down and I wanted to take a moment to reflect and to thank everyone who contributed to this productive and successful academic year. It has been an honor to serve as your Interim Regional Chancellor … Continue reading
Locker Room Lunch with USF Football Coach Willie Taggart
Regional Chancellor Bill Hogarth and USFSP Student Government invited the USFSP community and the public to a special lunch with USF football coach Willie Taggart. During his visit, coach Willie Taggart talked about USF football and how to be a leader on and off the field. Lunch and an extended, in-depth question and answer session was part of the fun.
Get charged up with Bulls head football coach Willie Taggart at the University Student Center
USF head football coach Willie Taggart will discuss leadership on and off the field during "Locker Room Lunch" at USF St. Petersburg April 19 from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the University Student Center Ballroom. The lunch is free and open to the public. Taggart took over as Bulls head coach in December after three seasons as head coach … Continue reading
USF St. Petersburg and city officials celebrate refurbished Poynter Park
St. Petersburg Mayor Bill Foster and Interim Regional Chancellor Bill Hogarth joined other city and USFSP officials Monday in a celebration of recent improvements at Poynter Park. The chancellor thanked the mayor for working with the university to upgrade and realign sidewalks in the waterfront park and improve lighting. The mayor praised the university for being an important partner in … Continue reading


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Fans of the Farrelly Brothers got real good news this week when it was announced that Dumb and Dumber 2, the real sequel to the 1994 comedy Dumb and Dumber.
Fans of the Farrelly Brothers who are also Boston sports fans will fondly remember that movie for one very special cameo role from Bruins legend Cam Neely.
Playing the role of a trucker named "Seabass," Neely famously spit into the burger of Jeff Daniels' character's burger. The role also gave movie fans and Bruins fans the unforgettable line, "Kick his ass, Seabass!" which has undoubtedly followed Neely since.
Now, with a sequel set to be made, Neely may be making his way back to the big screen. He confirmed as much on a radio appearance on WAAF's Hill-Man Morning Show earlier this week.
"They have mentioned something," Neely said. "Certainly it all depends on the schedule and the script. I have to approve the script."
Neely also joked about the potential for development in his character since the first movie, joking that maybe he'd own the truck stop this time around.
Overtime playoff hockey > playoff hockey > everything else.
"As a baseball player, going there to work, it's a dump."
–Luke Scott isn't a fan of Fenway Park, which is a good thing, because he won't have many fans there this weekend.
It's so good it hurts.
@nesn easy save if you play in the paint #bruins
— nate levie (@mebubulongtime) April 13, 2012
At least he didn't flop…
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