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Quickly name the top five pitchers in the game through the first month and a half of 2011. You are probably rushing names like Roy Halladay, Jered Weaver, Tim Lincecum, and Dan Haren, and you'd be right all four of these names are ranked in the top five according to WAR data. Who is the missing name? I would guarantee that without research, name number four will escape you. The name of our myster top pitcher is Matt Garza. Underlying his less than stellar 4.17 ERA is a an amazing wealth of off the chart sabrmetric stats that show why Garza is headlining this week's 'Pitch For' list.
Pitch for
Matt Garza SP CHC: Garza's wins-above-replacement is a third-best 2.2 so far in 2011. His k/9 is the best in baseball among starting pitchers at 11.78. His FIP and xFIP are both top two in the majors at 1.61 and 2.14 respectively. Let's talk about how unlucky Garza has been in his first season as a Cubbie. He leads baseball with a BABIP against of .382. His strand rate is down in the slums of starters at 61.6 percent. If Garza is able to overcome his misfortune and continue the skill gains that appear to be manifesting, we could be talking about the best bargain starter available. At an ownership rating of 83 percent on Yahoo!, he could possibly be had for the like of a Colby Lewis.
Daniel Hudson SP ARI: Hudson is another one of these pitchers who has been pitching well, but his stats aren't yet showing it. His pedestrian ERA of 4.41 may be overshadowing his k/9 and velocity gains he has been exhibiting so far in 2011. According to Fangraphs, all of his three-pitch arsenal are showing a speed gain of almost one mile-per-hour each, that is his fastball (+0.9 mph), slider (+1.1), and change up (+0.4). As a power, flyball pitcher, Hudson must not have a BABIP against of .324. That .324 will assuredly correct itself in the coming months. Reiterating what I said about Garza, it is the time to take advantage of another owner's frustration on guys like Hudson and Garza and use your sabr-eye to cash in on high dollar pitchers at a discount price, maybe Justin Masterson.
Jordan Zimmermann SP WAS: Zim will follow the same sort of pedigree as the two guys above him. He's a guy with a high ERA, a good WAR, and a low FIP. Jordan goes one step further with his strand rate of 58.7 percent which is only behind Clayton Richard as the worst in baseball. Anybody who has actually gotten to sit down and watch Zimmermann so far this season must admit that he is pitching like an ace. Personally I watched him go toe-to-toe with Cliff Lee on April 14 and dominate the Braves for 11 strikeouts in his last start. I'm not saying it will be all rainbows and sunsets with Zim, I mean he still plays for the Nationals. Have faith; he's a top-notch pitcher who will show profit for an owner that can grab him now.
Pitch Away
Bartolo Colón SP NYY: We learned this week that Colón has had "injections" during his year long sabbatical from baseball. Whether it was stem-cells, HGH, or other, is not important to me. What is important is his health risk. Colón is not ready for the rigors that the 2011 baseball season has in store for him. Granted his two-seam fastball is back to being one of the best in baseball. I have not a doubt in my mind that he will continue to show flashes of success. Furthermore, I don't believe he's back to pre-2005 Bartolo. If you are willing to gamble on his health, then I don't think his actual skill set is saying to trade him. If you are like me and think it's only a matter of time before he gets injured and Manuel Banuelos or Andrew Brackman takes his spot in the rotation then I would move him while his value is still decent.
Kyle Drabek SP TOR: Drabek isn't ready for the majors. I felt that way when he first got the call with the Blue Jays, and I still feel that way today. I believe he has the arm of a front-end starter but still lacks the experience it takes to be successful on a nightly basis. Fortunately, for you as a Kyle owner, I believe that Drabek's name is still held in high regard in the fantasy community, and if you are in a keeper/dynasty league I'm obviously not advocating moving Drabek right now. I think if you look at 2011 in a vacuum then Drabek is worth more off your team than on it.
Kyle McClellan SP STL: Hurry before everyone else realizes the McClellan is not Adam Wainwright. His underwhelming fastball sits at 88 mph so far in 2011, which makes sense since it was only a shade over 91 as a reliever. What alarms me about McClellan is his severe drop in K/9 from 7.17 down to 4.17. His command has also taken a hit as he has transitioned to a starter. His ERA of 3.62 is still decent enough on the surface that you might be able to package him with the likes of another pitcher or hitter and get an upgrade. Make haste because McClellan's value is the most volatile of all the guys on this list. By the next time the ditch list comes out, I fully expect his name to be on it.
Colby Lewis SP TEX: As much as it pains to say, I am worried about Colby Lewis. I'm so worried in fact that I am now willing to let him go at under 50 cents on the dollar of what I paid for him. He has been so bad in 2011 that it makes you wonder if 2010 may have been more of an outlier than what he is actually capable of producing. I'm also concerned that his split-finger has lost 1.6 mph and has, in turn, greatly affected its performance. Lewis has actually been pretty lucky so far in 2011, and that's what worries me the most. Maybe it's an injury, maybe it's still early, but if I'm an owner of Lewis then my patience has worn out. Deal him for whatever you can get. Jordan Zimmermann would be the perfect target, but at this point I would take Alexi Ogando, Brandon Beachy, and maybe even Tyson Ross. Are you brave enough?
Travis Wood SP CIN: Don't give up on him yet folks. As I am writing this article, Wood is pitching a gem against the Cardinals. Derek Carty and I were just talking the other day about how unbelievable it was to see Wood's name hit our waiver wire in our NL Only expert league. If there's that much disrespect amongst "experts" I wondered how much more there possible could be in the fantasy kingdom. Always look deeper people. Just because Travis is sporting one of the worst ERA of all starters doesn't necessarily mean he's pitching poorly. His BABIP against is in the .356 range which like the "pitch-for guys" shows misfortune, so too, does his sub 3.00 FIP. Travis Wood should also be considered a lower-notch "pitch for" guy. I absolutely loved his skill set before 2011, and I still do. You should still love him too. Let's all say it together, "Travis Wood is still a stud pitcher." Thank you all. I feel much better now.
Madison Bumgarner SP SF: I don't think Bumgarner has been hitting the chopping blocks in many leagues yet, but I feel like one or two more winless starts and he could. Truth is, sans an increase in walks, Madison is pitching better this year than last. His dominance is up and he's actually seeing the fastest fastball he's thrown since high school (92.5 mph). I love the fact that he's turned in four straight quality starts. I was high on Bumgarner going into this season because I felt he wasn't being respected the way that he deserved. Bumgarner is now 0-6 with a 4.25 ERA. Like Wood and most of these "hitch" guys, Bumgarner should also be considered a solid trade target.
Ryan Dempster SP CHC: I loved when he added the glove-flip and took his game to the next level. After a 15 win, 208 strikeout 2010, that saw Dempster take his career to the next level, borderline ace status. While I don't think 2010 was what we were going to see this year, I don't think what we are seeing this year is what we'll see for the remainder of the season, if that makes any sense. His command, control, and dominance are all in line with his 2010 performance. Where is the discrepancy, you may say. With Dempster that's a relatively easy answer. He's not keeping runners from scoring 61 percent as compared to a 71 percent strand rate in 2010. Most notably is his league-leading 20.8 percent hr/fb rate, over 9 percent greater than 2010. As we have seen with James Shields performance this year, hr/fb can actually be a indicator of bad luck. You can expect a regression moving forward. If these rates regress (which I believe they will), a nice rebound is in store for Dempster moving forward.
John Lackey SP BOS: Lackey is a tough one. He's going to be one of those drops that you'll probably shed a tear as you strike the button. It's just time to cut ties with Lackey. I understand his ownership in AL-only leagues, but I think that his ship has sailed as viable mixed league starter. I was one of those guys who put out a late round flier that Lackey could regain some of his former stuff, but I actually let him go two weeks ago. You may be too late some of the early studs like Ogando, Zach Britton, and the like, but I believe there are better options on a shallow free agent list than Lackey right now. If you can't bring yourself to cut Lackey then you must bench him for every start until he string together at least two quality starts in a row.
Mike Pelfrey SP NYM: Tell me nobody still believes that 2010 was anything more than a luck-infused aberration. I don't know many competitive fantasy gamers that thought Pelfrey was going to be anything special in 2011. Pelfrey is the one guy that I feel vindicated that he has been this bad. To be fair, I hated Cahill for the same reasons that I don't like Pelfrey. What separates Trevor Cahill from Pelfrey has been in the dominance gains and Cahill's thirst to be a pitcher first. Pelfrey isn't even a good enough thrower to make up for being a bad pitcher. In a time when pitching is plentiful, I'm done with unimpressive mediocrity from my pitching staff. I can't think of a better example of unimpressive mediocrity than Mike Pelfrey.
Clayton Richard SP SD and Matt Harrison SP TEX: I am not going to waste my time lamenting my hatred for these two players. I own Harrison in an AL-only league and Richard in a deep NL-only league. You can't trade either of them. When some minor league talent becomes available to me, I will be issuing them both walking papers. If you still own either of these guys in a shallow, mixed league then you are dumb.
Lastly, I am sure there are concerns being raised about Ubaldo Jimenez and how to handle moving forward. I totally understand the frustration he has caused his owners over the early part of 2011. Many experts including some here at THT have foretold of the Ubaldo's demise. I wasn't one of them, and I'm not ready to make a judgment yet. I promise to you Ubaldo owners out there that in two weeks I will have an opinion on the matter.
Pritch slap for week seven, "Aimlessly follow experts and live without Bautista."
I put my "expert" neck out on the line for Jose Bautista. I gambled that Jose's sabrmetric success in 2010 was real, and now I get to gloat.. I am continuously rejecting offer after offer and give evil, Mugatu laughs while I do it. Yes I just used a Zoolander movie reference. What are you going to do about it? Long live Jose Bautista!


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|Statut :
|Organisation :
|Journalists for Human Rights
|Acronyme :
|Type :
|Organisme non gouvernemental
|Mandat :
|Journalists for Human Rights (JHR) is a growing charitable organization that harnesses the power of the media to combat human rights abuses. By building the capacity of the media to report effectively on human rights issues, JHR's work pressures abusers to stop and empowers victims to fight back.
|Adresse :
|1027 Yonge Street
Toronto, Ontario,
|Veuillez visiter le site Internet de l'organisation offrant ce stage pour connaître ses exigences avant de lui envoyer votre curriculum vitae.
|Personne ressource :
|Emilee Irwin
|Courriel :
|Pays :
|Ville :
|Dar es Salaam
|Secteur :
|Description du stage :
The Tanzania Media Women's Association (TAMWA) is a leading non-profit,
non-governmental and non-partisan organization that works in the field of human
rights with a specific focus on gender. They help ensure that the media
stimulates community members to take part in the fight against gender based
violence and to promote women's development.
The selected intern will work with the TAMWA in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The intern will participate in various projects, including training local media professionals in human rights reporting, aimed at building the capacity of Tanzanian journalists to report more effectively on the rights of women. The internship has been designed to deliver sustainable development outcomes corresponding to CIDA's priorities, while improving the intern's employable skills.
In Canada
The in-Canada portion of this internship will begin one month prior to the intern's overseas departure. It will be composed of the following elements:
One Month Prior to Overseas Departure-Initial Preparation:
The intern will receive a comprehensive package of materials via email, providing ample time for the intern to read and prepare himself/herself for the pre-departure orientation and eventual overseas departure. Materials will include: a placement manual detailing the host organization, host country, internship description and other relevant information; the country's constitution; JHR's Safety and Security document; pass along notes from previous JHR interns; and other related materials.
The intern will be asked to write a short outline of the human rights situation in their host country. They will present their report to the group of other interns and JHR staff members at pre-departure training. This will allow the intern to gain a solid understanding of their host country before their departure.
The intern will be introduced via email to other JHR interns (past and present), JHR staff members and the appropriate people at their host organization. She/he will be encouraged to discuss any questions or concerns with members of this network. The intern will be expected to provide peer-to-peer support to other IYIP interns.
One Week Prior to Overseas Departure-Pre-departure Training:
The intern will participate with other selected interns in five days of intensive pre-departure training, designed to provide him/her with the tools needed for a successful internship. This includes:
DAY 1: JHR Welcoming Session.
- Morning-Welcoming ice-breaker exercise and discussion about IYIP program. Forms and legal documents distributed along with supplementary books and information about the host countries, JHR, human rights, etc. Each intern will present their report to the group, with a question and answer period afterwards.
- Afternoon-Talks from JHR's past overseas interns. JHR's executive to talk about JHR's programs in Africa. This is followed by a discussion on what to expect in the workplace (challenges and highlights), how to overcome challenges and how to make the most out of your placement.
DAY 2: Human Rights and the Media.
- Morning-Workshop led by an African human rights experts. This is followed by a debate on human rights with participants taking different sides.
- Afternoon- Workshop led by an African media experts. Participants will be given JHR's emergency protocol mechanism and a discussion on JHR's emergency protocol will follow.
- Dinner-JHR will host an informative dinner for participants where at least four potential employers will be brought in for a roundtable discussion about how the participants should be preparing and where to look for their next potential job.
DAY 3 - DAY 5: Centre for Intercultural Learning (CIL) training, focusing on cross-cultural issues, culture shock, safety and other elements related to living and working overseas.
The selected Media and Gender Officer intern will work with the Tanzania Media Women's Association (TAMWA) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The intern will work with the staff at TAMWA to build the capacity of the local media to report more effectively on gender issues and women's rights. More specifically, the selected intern will:
1) Workshops: The intern will facilitate workshops for local media houses on key gender-related human rights issues including maternal health, girl-child education, domestic violence, women in government, etc. These workshops will be free and open to all interested journalists. This will allow them to more effectively report on gender-related issues.
2) Media Training and Production: The intern will work with members of the Tanzania Media Women's Association as well as local media practitioners to develop TV, radio and print pieces on TAMWA's focus areas including HIV/AIDS, the economic empowerment of women and good governance. While helping to produce these pieces, the intern will build the capacity of TAMWA staff to produce effective and informative pieces themselves.
3) Media Monitoring: The intern will regularly monitor a selection of media (print, radio and television) to determine the ways in which gender issues are presented. They will regularly report to TAMWA on their findings, helping TAMWA to shape future programs and outreach activities.
4) Materials Training and Development: The intern will work to develop press releases, training manuals, brochures, press kits and other material relevant to TAMWA's programs. While helping to produce these pieces, the intern will build the capacity of TAMWA staff to produce these pieces themselves.
5) Canadian Engagement: The intern will regularly post to JHR's Abroad website, helping to engage Canadian's back home in their work, the work of TAMWA and human rights issues in Tanzania.
|Organisation d'accueil :
|Tanzania Media Women's Association
|Détails au sujet de l'organisation d'accueil :
|TAMWA is involved in a number of social transformation interventions but their core approach continues t be media advocacy. Their mission is to ensure that media work stimulate communities, policy makers, leaders at different levels, experts in various disciplines, the government, non-governmental organizations, political parties, business communities, religious groups and individual men and women, to take part in the fight against gender based violence and promote women's development qualitatively.
TAMWA is comprised of media women who believe and respect human rights and who defend and advocate for women and children's rights through educating, mobilizing and pressuring for cultural, policy and legal changes in the society by effectively using the media.

subset: commoncrawl


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Kappa Alpha Psi - Bowling Green Alumni Chapter
Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101
Phone: 270-792-9330
Fax: 270-745-2221
Website: www.bgakappa.squarespace.com
To unite college men of culture, patriotism, and honor in a bond of fraternity.
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To assist the aims and purposes of colleges and universities.
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Netgear DGND3700 Price
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NETGEAR N600 WiFi Dual Band Gigabit ADSL2+ Modem Router (DGND3700) (DGND3700-100NAS)Qualified orders over $25 ship FREE
Netgear DGND3700 Review
Looks can be quite deceiving. And while Netgear gave its router/modem DGND3700 a very conservative look, it's powerful enough to go toe-to-toe with fierce competition such as AVM Fritz!box and LinksysE4200 - a speed demon in a preacher's robes, teaching us not to judge a router by its cover.
Netgear was clever to prioritize convenience over aesthetics with the DGND3700's design. It's not the sexiest router out there and its glossy finish is definitely a fingerprint and smudge magnet. But the router is not only wall-mountable, it can also be laid vertically or horizontally depending on space constraints.
A brief inspection of its router features will reveal 4 Gigabit LAN ports, a Gigabit WAN port, WiFi on/off button and the customary WPS button. There's also two USB 2.0 docks available, instead of the usual one, and unlike the Linksys E4200, both of these docks can sustain USB bus-powered NTFS or FAT32 external drives. It's a very welcome change, specially for those who intend to use its NAS and streaming capabilities simultaneously, or perhaps use two external drives; one for sharing through SMB, HTTP or FTP, and the other one, to act as a DLNA server. However, these two features aren't as fast as they should be, which is common among multi-function routers in its line. This router also won't support printers, UPS, 3G modems and USB pass through. The setup can easily be done in minutes through its simple and intuitive user interface. It may not be as newbie-friendly as the Cisco Connect, but its step-by-step instructions will surely help its user through the process easily. This interface has a traffic meter that provides real-time reports and alerts about the network activity with very comprehensive parental controls.
The DGND3700's software also automatically searches the web for the latest firmware updates to keep the system up-to-date. While the feature may already be present in other devices, the DGND3700 also has a built-in UPnP Media Server for photo and video content streaming to compliant game consoles, HDTVs and Bluray disc players. It supports all wireless encryption standards such as WEP, WPA-Personal, and WPA-Enterprise to maintain network security. But what really stands out in its arsenal is its stellar true dual-band wireless-n connection performance. Among the routers in its line, the DGND3700's very competitive speed in both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz band is just a few Mbps short from topping the charts. With its ADSL2+ connection, it also doubles as a DSL modem that never fails to deliver. So whatever amount you thought you paid in excess for this router, you'll save from not having to purchase a modem from your internet service provider.
- TP-Link AC2600 Wireless Dual Band Gigabit Router Archer C2600 TP-LINK
- Synology RT1900ac Synology
- Linksys WRT1200AC Linksys
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- Linksys AC3200 Tri-Band Wireless Router EA9200 Linksys
- D-Link DSR-250N D-Link
- Cisco RV134W-A-K9-NA CISCO
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- Cisco Gigabit Dual WAN VPN Router RV320-K9-AU CISCO
- The Netgear DGND3700 is manufactured by Netgear and was added in December 2014 in the Routers section
- This product has a rating of 4.7 out of 5
- The best price of the Netgear DGND3700 in Canada is $235.64 at Amazon Canada
- In Canada this product is available in Toronto, Vancouver, Ottawa-Gatineau
- You can find this product at Amazon Canada


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Tag: travel writing
Intrepid Artists – William Hodges and a voyage towards the South Pole
240 years ago, on the 30th July 1775, a remarkable voyage came to an end at Portsmouth. Having set sail in 1772 the "Resolution" and its sister ship "Adventure", led by Captain James Cook, had spent three years traversing the Southern Hemisphere, recording previously un-charted waters and islands and making contact with their inhabitants. On board the "Resolution" was a […]Keep reading
Researching & Writing a Gallery Book: Luxury Goods & Eyewitness Reports
Guest Post from Kirsty: A change of voice for the blog this time, I'm Kirsty, a student on placement from the University of Glasgow. I've been working on the Europe Galleries project for a month. My main interest is 18th-century history, and I've studied it at university, so it's been a great opportunity to […]Keep reading


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jamesj95 Photographer
keira m lindseyModel Female Fairbanks, Alaska, US
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About MeMy name is Keira.
Some of my goals are either modeling or going to school for law. What id like to get from this site is just getting myself out there and out of my comfort zone. I don't have a certain style. Im pretty much down to shoot anything, but not nudes! If you'd like to get in contact with me, here is my facebook:
I'm still pretty new to this whole modeling thing but its definitely something i love to do. There is something about being in front of the camera that makes me happy. I do it for fun but I'd like to get some paying shoots. I'm not to picky with that but if definitely would be nice to get paid for the shoots.
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Tag Archives: property division
Chad Johnson, wide receiver who played for several NFL teams, is a free agent—professionally and personally. Evelyn Lozado got the divorce she wanted and the Miami Dolphins withdrew their offer of a roster spot. The 34-year-old football player is also on probation for the domestic assault that ended his six-week marriage to the reality TV… Read More »
Divorcing couples do not always understand what equitable distribution of marital assets means under Florida statutes. In the view of the court, both people in a marriage make contributions to establishing and running the household, and each should come away with a fair share of the assets. The goal is to give both parties the… Read More »


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Home > National News > Article
The competition watchdog is embroiled in a dispute with publishing giant Reader's Digest over claims the company has targeted the frail and infirm in its quest to sell books and audio tapes.
Reader's Digest has agreed to undertakings set by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, including the appointment of an independent auditor, a public apology in the country's newspapers and written apologies to its hundreds of thousands of customers.
The undertakings stem from more than 200 complaints to the ACCC about Reader's Digest's system of encouraging customers to buy its products. Reader's Digest ships more than 6 million books, magazines, videos and music products a year.
ACCC chairman Graeme Samuel said the company had engaged in inertia selling, whereby potential customers are sent unsolicited goods and then have to pay for them within a short time.
In one case, a woman in her 80s living on a farm outside Yass, in southern NSW, ordered an item from Reader's Digest. The company, apart from sending the book, sent numerous books and cassette tapes. The woman once received two packages in a day.
She was told to return the goods within 14 days if she did not want them, but because of her location the woman ended up buying more than $1000 worth of products. In another case, a man in his 80s was sent identical copies of a book and demands for payment even after he told Reader's Digest of the mistake. He is to be refunded $400.
The ACCC also had a complaint from an intellectually impaired woman who had a subscription to the magazine but was sent a free book, followed by another for which she was billed.
Mr Samuel said the ACCC would have taken action against Reader's Digest under the Trade Practices Act if it had not agreed to the undertakings.
"The ACCC's investigation arose from concerns that Reader's Digest's marketing practices led to consumers paying for goods that they did not want, due to their lack of knowledge of their legal rights under the act," he said.
But Reader's Digest's Australian managing director, Paul Heath, said the ACCC had engaged in its own misleading conduct. He said the company did not concede it had undertaken inertia selling. There had been just one case of people being sent an invoice for a good after it had been delivered, which was a technical problem that had now been rectified.
"I am outraged," he said. "This is not just and it is certainly not a constructive way for government regulators to engage with business."
Mr Heath said the ACCC had promised leniency to those companies that owned up to a problem, but Reader's Digest had been slugged by the competition watchdog. He denied the company targeted the elderly or infirm.
"Our business practices are designed to make offers to individuals we think will be interested in our various products," he said.
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Some fad diets claim that you can lose a lot of weight and melt away fat simply by drinking lemon juice mixed with water. Some of these "detox" diets even recommend going without food for days or weeks, and make other potentially unhealthy recommendations, such as the use of herbal supplements and laxatives.
But lemon water doesn't have any magical fat-burning properties, and fasting isn't a healthy or sustainable way to lose weight. However, as a virtually calorie-free beverage with a little zing to it, it makes a great diet drink, and staying hydrated is key to losing weight. Always consult your doctor before changing your diet.
Replace Sugary Sodas
Losing weight is all about controlling your calorie intake. To shed pounds, you need to remain in a calorie deficit, meaning you're taking in fewer calories than you're expending each day. By reducing your calorie intake by 500 each day, you can shed about a pound a week. Water is, of course, calorie-free, and lemon juice is virtually calorie-free -- the juice of one whole lemon only has 11 calories. If you typically have two sodas a day, just by replacing them with a glass of lemon water, you can shave 300 calories off your daily intake.
Stay Hydrated, Eat Less
If you've ever felt hungry and then drunk a glass of water only to notice that you're not hungry anymore, you've experienced firsthand that thirst can be mistaken for hunger. Instead of reaching for a snack the next time you feel peckish, gulp down a glass of water with fresh lemon juice. Then, wait a few minutes to see if you really need those extra calories or if the lemon water was enough to satisfy you.
Drink It Before Meals
Drinking a glass of lemon water before a meal might help you eat less at that meal to reduce your daily calorie intake. Researchers from the American Chemical Society conducted two studies on drinking water as a weight-loss strategy. In the first study, they found that participants who drank two glasses of water just before eating a low-calorie meal consumed 75 to 90 fewer calories at that meal.
In their second study, the researchers divided 48 adults into two groups, both of which followed a low-calorie diet for 12 weeks; one group drank 2 cups of water before meals and the other group didn't. At the end of the study, the water drinkers lost almost 5 pounds more than the water drinkers. The researchers presented their findings at the 240th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society.
A Twist on Lemon Water
You can drink your lemon as a soothing hot drink or as a cold refreshing drink. Use fresh-squeezed lemon, or buy bottled lemon juice for convenience. Just be sure whatever you buy doesn't contain added sugar. If you get bored with lemon water, try jazzing things up with fresh mint, cucumber slices, watermelon cubes or crushed berries. Fresh fruit will add a little sweetness to your water while contributing negligible calories.
Related Searches
- U.S. News & World Report: Master Cleanse (Lemonade Diet) Overview
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Balancing Calories
- USDA National Nutrient Database: Lemon Juice, Raw
- USDA National Nutrient Database: Carbonated Beverage, Cola
- U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps: Drinking Water Week: May 6-12, 2007
- EurekAlert!: Clinical Trial Confirms Effectiveness of Simple Appetite Control Method
- Photo Credit FogStock/Erik Palmer/FogStock/Getty Images
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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Concentrations of pesticides and selected metabolites in rat urine and amniotic fluid were determined as biomarker upon oral administration of Wistar rats to two pesticide mixtures consisting of three to five pesticides (bitertanol, propiconazole, cypermethrin, malathion, and terbuthylazine). The pesticides and their metabolites were found in rat amniotic fluid and urine, generally in dose-response concentrations in relation to dosage. The measurement of the substances in the amniotic fluid indicated that the fetus was exposed to the pesticides as well as their metabolites. Moreover, the pesticides detected in urine demonstrated the exposure as well as the ability of the rat to excrete these compounds.
The endocrine disrupting effect of a large number of man-made chemicals has been in focus as one of the possible causes of alterations of the reproductive system, such as reproductive organ malformations and low fertility [
Assessment of exposure to chemicals with potential endocrine disrupting effects during the early phase of the gestation is important since the development of reproductive organs of the fetus occurs in this period [
Most of the current used pesticides are non-persistent and are generally excreted within hours or days as water soluble metabolites in the urine. Thus measurements of these compounds in the maternal blood and in cord blood or placental tissue do not necessarily reflect the total fetal exposure during gestation. Measurements of chemicals in meconium and amniotic fluid have been considered indicative biomarkers of direct fetal exposure [
Organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and other persistent compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are lipophilic and bound to serum lipids, have been detected in amniotic fluid [
Among current used pesticides, the exposure to azole fungicides and atrazine has been studied because of their suspected endocrine disrupting effects [
The present study is a part of a larger project (HOPE) investigating the potential endocrine disrupting effects of selected currently used pesticides through
Cypermethrin, PESTANAL®, analytical standard (CAS No. 52315-07-8), malathion, PESTANAL®, analytical standard (CAS No. 121-75-5), bitertanol PESTANAL®, analytical standard (CAS No. 55179-31-2), propiconazole PESTANAL®, analytical standard (CAS No. 60207-90-1), and terbuthylazine PESTANAL®, analytical standard (CAS No. 5915-41-3) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The test compounds were dissolved in corn oil (the vehicle, No. C8267-2.5 L) from Sigma-Aldrich.
The animal study was performed under conditions approved by the Danish Animal Experiments Inspectorate, and by the in-house Animal Welfare Committee. The study included 84 time-mated Wistar rats supplied on gestational day (GD) 3 and upon arrival, randomly distributed in pairs and housed under standard conditions: semitransparent polycarbonate cages (15 × 27 × 43 cm) with Aspen bedding situated in an animal room with controlled environmental conditions (12 h light-dark cycles with light starting at 9 p.m., light intensity 500 lux, temperature 21 ± 2 °C, humidity 50% ± 5%, ventilation 8 air changes per hour). A complete ALTROMIN 1314 rodent diet for growing animals and acidified tap water (to prevent microbial growth) was provided
Group 1 received vehicle only (corn oil). Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 received a 1:1:1 mixture of bitertanol, propiconazole and cypermethrin in doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg bw/day per compound. Total doses were 3 mg/kg bw/day, 9 mg/kg bw/day and 30 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. Group 5, Group 6 and Group 7 received a 1:1:1:1:1 mixture of bitertanol, propiconazole, cypermethrin, malathion and terbuthylazine in doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg bw/day per compound,
At GD 15, six dams from each of the seven groups were placed in metabolic cages immediately after dosing, and urine was collected in cooled containers over a period of 4 h. At the end of the collection period, the samples were stored at −80 °C. At GD 21 dams were weighed, anesthetized in CO2/O2 and decapitated approximately 2 h after dosing (±30 min). Cesarean sections were performed as previously described in [
A common analytical method was used for determination of the polar pesticides and their metabolites in the amniotic fluid and the urine. The compounds analyzed included bitertanol, propiconazole, terbuthylazine, desethylterbuthylazine, 2-hydroxyterbuthylazine, malathion dicarboxylic acid (specific metabolite of malathion), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA, metabolite of cypermethrin) (
Recoveries and limits of detection (LOD) for the pesticides and their metabolites in rat urine and amniotic fluid.
|Recovery % (±RSD %) n = 10
|Urine LOD (ng/mL)
|Amniotic fluid LOD (ng/mL)
|93.4 (±7.5)
|106.5 (±2.2)
|96.5 (±9.1)
|105.5 (±1.9)
|103.2 (±4.1)
|Desethylterbuthylazine (**)
|79.9 (±6.2)
|2-Hydroxyterbuthylazine (**)
|91.7 (±6.3)
|Malathion dicarboxylic acid (***)
|19.9 (±10.7)
n.a. = not analyzed; (
The amniotic fluid from 69 pregnant Wistar rats and the maternal urine from 32 Wistar rats orally exposed to the pesticide mix-3 (cypermethrin, propiconazole and bitertanol) and the pesticide mix-5 (cypermethrin, propiconazole, bitertanol, terbuthylazine and malathion) were analyzed for the parent pesticides and their metabolites. The metabolites included in the analytical methods have been chosen on the basis of their availability as commercial standards and the possibility to be included in the multi-residues method together with the parent compounds. The pesticide malathion was not included in the analytical method because of interferences from other compounds in the MS-MS analysis. Instead, the metabolite malathion dicarboxylic acid was chosen as marker for malathion exposure since a study performed with rats dosed at three levels with malathion demonstrated that carboxylic acid metabolites account for up to 80% of the total excreted metabolites, with only small amounts of dialkylphosphates [
The concentrations of the pesticides and their metabolites measured in the rat's amniotic fluid and maternal urine for each dose of the pesticide mix are given in detailed in
Bitertanol was found at relatively higher concentrations in amniotic fluid (range: 19.9–749.1 ng/mL) (
Mean (±standard deviation) concentrations of the pesticides and the 3-PBA metabolite (ng/mL) in amniotic fluid from Wistar rats orally exposed to mix-3 at three different doses.
|Dose 3 mg/kg (n = 12)
|Dose 9 mg/kg (n = 11)
|Dose 30 mg/kg (n = 12)
|4.9 (±4.4)
|9.7 (±7.2)
|33.3 (±37.6)
|31.6 (±14.5)
|82.9 (±72.5)
|185.3 (±138.0)
|24.5 (12.8)
|115.5 (19.9)
|749.1 (±420.8)
|0.7 (±0.6)
|1.7 (±1.6)
|3.3 (±1.8)
The other triazole fungicide, propiconazole, had the lowest concentration range (0.3–3.3 ng/mL) among the parent pesticides in both amniotic fluid (
Mean (±standard deviation) concentrations of the pesticides and metabolites (ng/mL) in amniotic fluid from Wistar rats orally exposed to mix-5 at three different doses.
|Dose 5 mg/kg (n = 12)
|Dose 15 mg/kg (n = 10)
|Dose 50 mg/kg (n = 12)
|2.1 (±1.2)
|4.6 (±2.4)
|20.3 (±14.6)
|20.5 (±8.3)
|61.8 (±20.5)
|213.3 (±54.8)
|19.9 (±24.3)
|39.0 (±23.0)
|158.4 (±92.8)
|0.3 (±0.3)
|0.3 (±0.3)
|2.1 (±2.5)
|2.1 (±1.4)
|9.6 (±8.4)
|39.6 (±36.1)
|Desethylterbuthylazine (**)
|22.8 (±8.7)
|56.3 (±15.5)
|142.6 (±36.2)
|2-Hydroxyterbuthylazine (**)
|0.1 (±0.03)
|0.2 (±0.05)
|0.5 (±0.1)
|Malathion dicarboxylic acid (***)
|2.7 (±2.6)
|7.7 (±10.5)
|23.6 (±23.4)
Mean (±standard deviation) concentrations of pesticides and metabolites (ng/mL) in maternal urine from Wistar rats orally exposed to mix-3 at 3 different doses.
|Dose 3 mg/kg (n = 6)
|Dose 9 mg/kg (n = 6)
|Dose 30 mg/kg (n = 6)
|619.0 (±160.1)
|1,825.7 (±1,154.9)
|3,753.3 (±811.6)
|1.3 (±0.5)
|2.8 (±1.9)
|10.4 (±2.6)
|0.10 (±0.11)
|0.35 (±0.31)
|2.2 (±0.9)
Mean (±standard deviation) concentrations of pesticides and metabolites (ng/mL) in maternal urine from Wistar rats orally exposed to mix-5 at 3 different doses.
|Dose 5 mg/kg (n = 4)
|Dose 15 mg/kg (n = 6)
|Dose 50 mg/kg (n = 4)
|463.0 (±145.8)
|1,581.7 (±367.6)
|3,880.0 (±1,498.7)
|1.3 (±0.60)
|2.1 (±1.5)
|16.7 (±24.8)
|0.36 (±0.10)
|1.1 (±1.8)
|12.9 (±20.3)
|0.65 (±0.16)
|3.7 (±2.1)
|22.4 (±20.3)
|Desethylterbuthylazine (**)
|138.3 (±52.8)
|95.4 (±22.8)
|69.9 (±61.0)
|2-Hydroxyterbuthylazine (**)
|60.7 (±23.6)
|83.9 (±16.8)
|68.4 (±64.5)
|Malathion dicarboxylic acid (***)
|215.8 (±16.8)
|974.0 (±189.0)
|1,488.5 (±440.2)
Cypermethrin was found at detectable concentrations in amniotic fluid (4.9–33.3 ng/mL). The ratios between cypermethrin and its metabolite 3-PBA were 0.12–0.18 and 0.07–0.10 for mix 3 and mix 5, respectively. Cypermethrin is known to be rapidly metabolized and mainly excreted in the urine as polar metabolites [
The concentrations of terbuthylazine and its dealkylated metabolite desethylterbuthylzine were at comparable levels in the amniotic fluid and the urine, while much higher concentrations of its metabolite 2-hydroxyterbuthylazine were measured in urine. Terbuthylazine and other
Also the metabolite malathion dicarboxylic acid was present at much higher concentration in urine than amniotic fluid, which suggests that the unchanged compound might have been transported to the fetus.
For all compounds a dose-dependent increase in amniotic fluid concentrations was consistent for both pesticide mixtures (
Average concentrations (n = 5) of the pesticides and their metabolites in amniotic fluid from Wistar rats. The y-axis is in logarithmic scale.
The pesticides and metabolites investigated in the present study were found in amniotic fluid and urine—generally with increasing concentrations in correlation with increasing dosage of the rats. The pesticides detected in urine demonstrated the exposure as well as the ability of the rat to excrete these compounds. Moreover, the measurement of the substances in amniotic fluid indicated that the fetus was exposed to the pesticides as well as their metabolites.
Average concentrations (n = 5) of the pesticides and their metabolites in maternal urine from Wistar rats. The y-axis is in logarithmic scale.
Upon exposure to mix 5 (bitertanol, propiconazole, cypermethrin, terbuthylazine, malathion), we found that the concentrations of bitertanol, propiconazole and cypermethrin in the amniotic fluid were relatively lower than if a mixture of the three pesticides (mix-3) were administered to the animals. This is a clear indication of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) interactions
The HOPE project was founded by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. (Grant No. 669-0323). Inga Jensen, Kitty K. Petersen and Stephan Ingemann Bernberg are gratefully acknowledged for performing the chemical analyses.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.


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This trailer introduces the City Elf Origin. Elves were once a free and proud race, but they were eventually enslaved by the humans and now live in poverty and fear as servants or street urchins. Each origin offers a playable prologue that introduces your character to the world of Dragon Age: Origins.
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Livestock carrier and car in serious crash near Hoddom
Police have appealed for witnesses after a serious crash involving a livestock carrier and a car on a minor road in Dumfries and Galloway.
The incident took place at about 07:20 on the B723 at Longmoor near Hoddom.
It involved a green Peugeot 206 and a white Mercedes livestock carrier.
The driver of the car was taken to the Southern General Hospital in Glasgow for treatment. Police asked drivers to avoid the area if possible and expect delays if travelling near the route.


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They should be gearing up for their biggest celebration of the year - tonight's Australian Film Industry awards - but instead of lining up for photo opportunities in their red carpet best, the country's filmmakers are rallying against the Federal Government's moves to use culture as a bargaining chip in free trade talks with the United States.
Filmmakers say their worst fears were borne out yesterday at a meeting with Federal Government officials, where it was confirmed that local content regulations for TV and new media will be traded-off and used to extract concessions in the free trade agreement.
Big name stars including Geoffrey Rush and AFI nominee Sue Brooks (for scripting Japanese Story), are among those who will speak at a media conference and rally this morning protesting against the Government's use of the film industry as a pawn in the free trade negotiations.
"Australia has handed over its cultural policies to the United States, which effectively means our cultural policies will now be determined by the major US studios," said the executive director of the Australian Screen Directors' Association, Richard Harris, who was at the meeting.
But Australia's chief negotiator on the free trade agreement, Stephen Deady, also present at the meeting, said the film industry's claims were "extremely exaggerated".
"That's a misrepresentation," he said. "It is not new that the United States has some ambition on the way Australia regulates its local content on new and existing media."
Under current rules, 55 per cent of television programming must be Australian - and the Federal Government can increase that percentage. The Americans are seeking an assurance it won't. The film industry claimed yesterday the Government had agreed to the Americans' demands, but Mr Deady rejected the claim.
"We have not agreed to do anything in this area," Mr Deady said, adding that if any concessions were made "we would ensure that the Government could intervene on Australian content".
However, he would not provide details on what Australia is prepared to concede.
"I can't answer that because we are in the midst of negotiations and until we get to the end of it I can't comment."
But the industry was not assuaged by yesterday's meeting and free trade is expected to be a key issue at tonight's AFI awards.
Writer Alison Tilson said she "hoped a lot of the people making acceptance speeches might comment, just so the public understand what's at stake".
Megan Elliott, executive director of the Australian Writers' Guild, said it was ridiculous that Australia, one of the most open markets in the world, was being asked to make concessions at a time when the US had just handed its industry $US500 million ($A693 million) of subsidies to keep productions from going overseas. "We want people to understand the message that ultimately we believe that Australian culture is not for sale," Ms Elliott said.
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The Book Trailers Club was started in 1921 by Mrs. Hesper Mikesell's Sunday School Class of the First Baptist Church. The original name of the group, Christian Home Makers, was changed to The Book Trailers in 1928. The purpose of the club is "to promote broader culture and mutual improvement through the study of various types of literature". The club joined The Texas Federation of Women's Clubs (TFWC) in 1928 and later joined the Austin Woman's Clubs.
The club song is "All Hail to Texas," written by Dr. Randolph Haynes.
The collection consists of one scrapbook from the 50th Anniversary event held by the Book Trailers Club in 1971. The scrapbook contains newspaper clippings, photos, correspondence and lists of club members. The scrapbook is in fair physical condition.
This record series is indexed under the following controlled access subject terms.
Open to all users
The Book Trailers Club Scrapbook Initial Inventory (AR.2009.044). Austin History Center, Austin Public Library, Texas.
Donor #: DO/1984/081
Donation Date: 2009
Initial Inventory compiled by Molly Hults/2009.
Initial Inventory encoded by Evan Usler/2010.
There are loose items in the scrapbook.


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|Cumby falls to Rockwall Christian
|From Staff Reports
Sept. 4, 2004 - ROCKWALL - The Cumby Trojans suffered their first loss of the season, falling to the Rockwall Christian Warriors 14-7 Friday night.
Rockwall's Derrick Harvey sealed the game with a 24-yard touchdown run in the fourth quarter that broke a 7-7 tie. Harvey ran for 108 yards on 14 carries in the game.
The Trojans, under head coach Kent Hawthorne, are now 1-1 on the season and will return home for homecoming against the Maud Cardinals next Friday night. Kickoff is scheduled for 7:30 p.m.
Coach Tommy Frazier's Rockwall Christian team is now 2-0 on the season and will play at Shelton next Friday night.
Cumby senior quarterback Matt Steward had an impressive game throwing the football, completing 11-of-18 passes for 125 yards and one touchdown. His scoring toss went to William Chavez from 4 yards out, and after Steward kicked the PAT, the game was tied at 7-7 at halftime.
Rockwall Christian's LaQuenton Savage scored the first points of the game on a 3-yard TD run in the first period. Savage ended with 82 yards on 11 carries.
The Warriors relied on their speed as they picked up 224 yards on the ground compared to 42 yards for the Trojans.
Rockwall Christian quarterback Derrick Harvey went three-of-seven for 78 yards, while throwing two interceptions in the contest.
After gaining 106 yards in his first game for Cumby, Brandon Brown was held to just 15 yards rushing against Rockwall Christian.
The defensive unit for the Trojans gave up 302 yards of offense, while the offense had 162 yards in the game.
Charle Chavez was the leading receiver for the Trojans with four catches with 48 yards, while Nick Dyer had two receptions for 32 yards and Jake Petty had three catches for 30 yards.
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Best Of :: Food & Drink
Lucila Jimenez has turned her family tradition of baking festive and inventive cakes into a thriving business. Her two Sweet Art bakeries, with their 50 employees, seem to be able to coax batter and icing into almost any shape, for any event. Mountains, hearts, toys, the island of Cuba -- nearly anything is possible. Her signature "jewelry box" cakes are a true marvel: They look for all the world like oversize Limoges porcelain boxes, complete with gold fittings, and yet, amazingly, they are not only edible, but delicious. Try one of Lucila's cakes for a special occasion, and her tradition will quickly become yours as well.
Oh, we know the myth. The best hamburgers are made from ground chuck, because the meat has more fat in it. The fat then prevents the burger from shrinking into a McDonald's-esque disk while cooking. Well, baloney. At the downtown location of Morton's, the hamburger is a full eight ounces of lean ground sirloin. Hard to feel guilty eating that. And it's just about the juiciest thing we've encountered outside the Chris Paciello story. The single drawback? The burger is served only during the noontime meal. Still, order with a side of lyonnaise taters, and that's what we call a power lunch.
This converted no-tell motel on South Dixie is painted a really disgusting shade of green; a more reliable harbinger of the food within can be seen in the clusters of patrons on the benches outside the front door, eagerly awaiting their tables. Inside it's long and narrow, with a boxcarlike feel, but the friendly service and the pungent scent of Thai basil, fish sauce, and chili paste more than compensate for the cramped quarters. A Thai restaurant is only as good as its pad thai, and this one kills: a light hand with the ground pork, and it actually has plenty of shrimp! The rich curries are excellent, as are appetizers like tiger tear and nam sod. The chefs also show a deft touch with seafood; if you find a restaurant of any ethnic description that can cook up a tastier whole snapper, let us know. And if you like your Thai food with plenty of fire, you'll be pleased to know Siam Lotus Room actually takes you at your word when you ask for "four stars" of spiciness. Ouch! Hurts so good.
You just made it. Booth okay? Care for a beverage? Will that be the pasta fagioli or the garden salad? And your rolls: plain or dripping with garlic? For dinner there's lasagna, stuffed shells, eggplant rollatini, chicken parmigiana, veal cacciatore, linguine in clam sauce, ziti with sausage, or something else ... I forgot; I'll be right back. What do you mean you're full? No dessert? Either way it's $7.95. Come on, take the cannoli! (Oh well, just come back: The early bird special is offered seven days a week, 4:00 to 7:00 p.m.)
Tart enough. Sweet enough. Mellow yellow filling, almost ecru. Velvety texture. Moist, crumbly graham cracker crust. Outside edge daintily adorned with a ring of whipped cream. Center garnished with more cream and a twisted lime slice. Ideal to serve to your friends, but at close to ten bucks, certainly not meant to throw at your enemies.
Some folks visit this corner storefront eatery for its baked pastas. Other patrons go for its wonderfully prepared veal scaloppine dishes and fillets of fish sprinkled with capers. And most appreciate the lengths the staff goes to ensure that even those waiting for a table outside have a glass of refreshment. We, however, frequent the cafe for its absolutely fresh caesar salad, which is redolent with garlic, Parmesan, and the all-important anchovies. Oh, we know picky diners don't like to look an anchovy fillet in the eye, so to speak. But you don't have to. The dressing here incorporates chopped anchovies, not whole ones, so you get the proper flavor without being, well, grossed out. Best of all, the kitchen will split an order for you, and the results usually are two huge salads for the price of one.


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Jane's Regional Guide » General Travel
New Reviews
Exotic Dancers Directory -
Mini Review - You know its supposed to be a directory but all the links I hit went to tehsame company. I always assumed a directory should have more listings than on company.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 11/03/2004 Advertising Content: it's all it is
Categories Female Dancer - Service
Vanya - International Escort -
Mini Review - Vanya bills herself as a "Very Exclusive Escort" and traveling companion. She has quite a lot of info about her extensive education, political beliefs and likes/dislikes. She also has 5 small photos, 2 small .mov files of her dancing, and an audio clip of her singing. She is quite possibly the most expensive escort I've come across in a review. To even correspond with her about a booking you must purchase a site subscription for $3,090. No, that's not a misplaced comma. For that money (accepted via PayPal) you get 6 months within which you can receive "detailed photos" and exchange email. If you book a date (minimum 2 days at $10,500 per day, so $21,000) you get that initial money taken off the booking fee. Kindly, she offers the "shy" or uncertain an "ice breaker lunch" anywhere on the West Coast for a mere $5,000. I suppose at these rates she is able to contribute heartily to her many pro-environmental causes. :)
Cost: Date Reviewed: 06/14/2004 Advertising Content: None
Categories Female Escort - Independent
Swing2usa - United States
Mini Review - This is a free swinger contact site. You can browse listings without registering, but to send email or post a free profile, you need to register. When you are browsing profiles, the vast array of search options can be a bit overwhelming. You can search by State, then further by county within the state, gender, orientation, activity... there are so many options most of the time I didn't find anything that met the criteria I chose. I had the best luck leaving most things unchecked. A search will return small profile listings with a thumbnail photo and overview. click and you'll get the whole thing. You can also view profiles currently online, or do an overview. It's actually a fairly small site still, with a little under 300 people/couples registered across the country. Well programmed, this could really be great with just a larger userbase.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 03/05/2004 Advertising Content: Low
Categories Swingers - Contact Services
Escort Fever - United States
Mini Review - As of this writing, this escort guide covers 26 of the U.S. States, along with some listings in England, Scotland and some of the Canadian provinces. Most of these have only a handful of listings, other than the obviously big states (New York, California and Nevada) which have dozens of listings each. Each includes several photos, basic stat, contact and rate info, and links to their individual websites. This will be really good when it's fleshed out a bit more.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 02/06/2004 Advertising Content: Low
Categories Sex Directories/Resources
Open Adult Directory -
Mini Review - Very large directory of Escorts and femdoms sorted by region. Comprehensive to a fault.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 09/25/2003 Advertising Content: Low
Categories Sex Directories/Resources
VIP Adult Travel -
Mini Review - This site is intended for anyone travelling for paid sex around the world. It has message boards set up for categories for most countries. The activity centers around Asia and Central America. Most other categories are fairly dead. The organization is well thought out and you can get some good information before you travel. You must join but there is no cost.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 01/01/1904 Advertising Content: Low
Adult Industry Events Calendar -
Mini Review - This is great site for those seeking face to face contact with their favorite porn star or feature dancer. They have a calendar of appearances organized by club, city or star. You can see feature dancers and porn actresses and their schedules. Great information with pictures of each performer.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 04/11/2003 Advertising Content:
Categories Sex Directories/Resources
ClubHombre.com -
Mini Review - The free area of this site has 6 sample thumbnails and some text describing some of the regions they cover. You can join by submitting an actual field report or with your credit card. Inside the members area there field reports from all over the Globe. plenty of detail on price, location and action. There are thousands of user posted pictures showing off their conquests. Photos and trip reports are sorted by region, date and author. there are also downloadable videos sorted the same way. Format varies by author. There are a few annoying security features in the members area, and you must allow cookies to navigate.
Cost: $5.95/month recurring Date Reviewed: 12/07/2002 Advertising Content: Low
Categories Sex Directories/Resources
Mutual Consent -
Mini Review -
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 10/05/2002 Advertising Content: Low
Categories Female Escort - Service
DesireGuide - Miami, New York, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Boston, San Diego
Mini Review - This directory has listings for escorts in several major US cities. Most cities they cover have from 10-35 escorts listed with a thumbnail that links to a page with 1-2 pictures and a short description. There are also message boards for each city with threaded discussions mostly of escorts posting their availability. They also have space for reviews. The down sides here are the speed. pages with an adequate number of listings took forever to load on 56k, and they also require cookies for those surfing from work. There were no reviews posted yet. With time this may grow to a service worth using but right now there is better in every market.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 08/01/2002 Advertising Content: medium
Categories Female Escort - Service
Beautiful Companion - London PAris, Milan, major US cities
Mini Review - This directory lists over 1-200 women. Each one has a thumbnail that links to a page with 4-5 pictures, a bio and contact information. Unfortunately many are listed in numerous cities and no distinction is made between those who reside in a city and those who may come there some day. You could spend a lot of time contacting people who will not be available in your area for 6 months or ever. If you are planning far in advance and/or intend to have some one travel to you this is a useful directory, but if you are looking for a companion this Saturday you may be frustrated.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 04/22/2002 Advertising Content: Low
Categories Female Escort - Service
Satinplace -
Mini Review - This site lists escorts and other similar providers for 18 cities across the US. Each city has a listing of providers with thumbnail pictures. Clicking on the thumbnail brings up a page with a couple of more pictures usually in lingerie, a short description and contact information. Most cities have from 30-70 providers listed.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 03/23/2002 Advertising Content: low
Categories Female Escort - Service
Travel Sexguide -
Mini Review - This guide lists mostly escorts and agencies in cities all over the world. They link to larger directories in the US, and concentrate their resources on other geographical areas of Europe, Asia and Africa.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 02/08/2002 Advertising Content: Medium
The AdultEntertainment-Guide - USA
Mini Review - Way too much money spent on fancy web design. Not nearly enough time spent generating content. Tried to find something here in my home town (Seattle), which is listed, but every page said "coming soon". Except for escort sites which listed women from all over the country but none within 1000 miles of me.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 01/24/2002 Advertising Content: Low
Abbey's Escorts -
Mini Review - This escort directory has listings by city covering North America and Europe. Each listing has a page with 1-2 pictures a description and contact information.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 07/17/2001 Advertising Content: medium
World Sex Archives -
Mini Review - This site holds reports on the sex for hire scene in most parts of the world. The reports are all written by members as they travel. Some areas have more detail than others. In the free area you can perform searches and see the subject lines of the results but not the entire posts. But this gives you an idea whether there is enough content you will be interested in. Once inside the members area you can view the posts. In some areas it is quite common for posters to submit photos to go along with their descriptions.
Cost: $4.95/month Date Reviewed: 07/07/2001 Advertising Content: Low
Gia's Escort-Classifieds.com - Worldwide
Mini Review - This directory has classified ads posted by providers worldwide. Everything is well organized and you do not have to wade through a lot of ads fRom the wrong region to find what you want. They also host message boards for discussions about the Hobby. They seem to hold mostly requests aND announcements.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 04/13/2001 Advertising Content: Medium
4 Play Escorts Adult Directory -
Mini Review - This is a really large directory of escorts in the USA. Almost all 50 states are covered in some amount. Categories include escorts, entertainers, and escorts that travel. Each category is broken down by state and city with links and one line descriptions.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 3/20/00 Advertising Content: None
American Male Escorts -
Mini Review - The free section of this escort directory has about half of the 50 states covered. Escorts are broken down into categories by state and city. Each one has a page with vital statistics, 1-3 pictures and email contact. Inside the AVS there are 9 galleries. Each one has about 12 escorts listed. The escorts link to pages with identical text, but nude pictures are substituted. Inside the AVS the escorts are sorted by alphabetical order. No rate information is available online.
Cost: AVS - Mancheck Date Reviewed: 12/10/99 Advertising Content:
The Ultimate Escort
Mini Review - When you enter, select a state from the pulldown menu, and click go. You'll get a further breakdown of cities. Click on the city of choice and you'll get a listing, which is typically just name/address/phone number.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 5/19/98 Advertising Content: None
A Adorable escorts
Mini Review - Info site for a company that provides escort referrals in the following areas: Florida, Arizona, Dallas TX, Tennessee. Not much info - just phone numbers to call. Oh, and every little dancing girl GIF file I've ever seen, all on one page.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 2/9/98 Advertising Content: None
Strip Clubs
The traveller guide to
Mini Review - This site has a huge list of strip clubs in the U.S. and many worldwide. However, most clubs have a "5" rating. Some that I know differ so much in size, quality and style that I have to be sure no one ever went in and rated them. Good source for addresses but I would not count on anything else.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 8/31/98 Advertising Content: Low
Bare Bones America
Mini Review - Everything here is inside the AVS, The site is basically a link list specializing in Strip Clubs sites. The links are broken down geographically. The areas I checked out seemed pretty comprehensive. Everything is text linked except for a few clubs that have loaned promotional pics to the site. If you want to see the websites for the strip clubs in any particular region this is a great resource to start out with. There are also a few escort and brothel listings too.
Cost: AVS - Adult Check Date Reviewed: 4/30/98 Advertising Content: Low
Ms Kitty's Swinger Resource -
Mini Review - This site is a resource in the making for the swing community. There are about 10 of the 50 states covered the rest of the directory is under construction. There are several tutorials and other resources for swinges some still just promised. Will be a good site when it is finished.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 12/3/99 Advertising Content: Medium - High
BDSM Fetish
The BDSM Events Page -
Mini Review - Very comprehensive listing of events, organizations in the BDSM community. The listings are organized by region and month with contact information for the event or organization. Pretty much everything that is happening is listed here.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 4/17/00 Advertising Content: medium
Categories BDSM/Fetish - Events
PlayCouples - For Sensuous Adult
Mini Review - From the Lifestyles Organization, founded in 1969, the PlayCouples site has info on the 25th Annual Lifestyles convention in Las Vegas this July, a travel agency, personals, info on the South California parties, and a good number of links and resources for swinging couples. A small portion of the site (chat, personals) is members only.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 5/3/98 Advertising Content: Low
Sexuality.org -
Mini Review - This is the mother of all sex resource sites. It rivals any search engine in the amount of information and is by far, better organized. If you are looking for a place to start, to try something new or find a group doing anything about sex this is your best place.
Cost: Free Date Reviewed: 04/15/99 Advertising Content: None
Categories Sex Directories/Resources
General Links
Paar Club -
Female Companion Online Database -
NJSwingers Online -
Adultguideto.com -
Lyla's List - Canada
ASPD.net -
Grey Gay Guide - (older gay men)
Anglo Boyz -
Male Escorts -
Swinger.com -
Show Bars - South East U.S.
Chippendales -
Massage Quest -
Pride Net -
Dickie Virgin's Domination Guide -
The Back Room - North East U.S.
Max Fisch Domina Guide -
Kristian Modeling Central -
Wildest Place On Earth -
Erotic Travel -
Damron -
Adult Holiday Club -
Single and Adult Travel -
Castaways Travel -
Bare Necessities Tour and Travel -
CyberNude -
Trade Association for Nude Recreation -
Federation of Canadian Naturists - Canada
City Vibe
StripTease To Go
Not finding what you are looking for here? Please visit THE EROS GUIDE, the world's largest free adult entertainment photo directory to find what you want in your area.


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The Knowhow
Finding your privacy settings:
The privacy settings menu is at the top right of the Facebook screen, just to the right of your name and the Home button.
- Sign in to Facebook
- Click the "cog" icon
- From the drop-down menu, select Privacy Settings
Basic privacy settings:
You can easily set a general privacy level for your account. This will effect who can see any of your content, including status updates, photos and anything else you post.
- From the Privacy Settings menu, look for the Control Your Default Privacy section
Select from one of the three options:
- Public: Everyone can see your content, whether they are on your friends list or not
- Friends: Only people you've added as friends can see your content
- Custom: Allows you to select specific groups of friends or people to see your content
Restricting access to images:
- Go to your profile homepage or timeline
- Click Photos
- Select See All if all your albums are not displayed
- Under each album, click the small "down" triangle
- Select from the options who you want to be able to view the album
Creating and editing Friends Lists:
You can create specific lists of friends and give them access to your photos. Facebook contains three pre-set lists you can use:
- Close Friends: By default, you receive more notifications from and give more access to people you add to your Close Friends list
- Acquaintances: Adding someone to this list reduces the number of notifications you receive about them. You're also able to define "Friends except acquaintances" as a privacy option for things you post
- Restricted: People added to this list only see information you post publicly or tag them in
Adding individual friends to a list:
- Go to your friends' profile page or Timeline
- Hover the mouse over the Friends icon at the top
- A number of list options will appear. Click on the one you would like to add your friend to
Editing lists from your profile page or Timeline:
- Click the Home button in the top right of Facebook
- If Lists is not being displayed on the left hand side of the screen, click the More button
- Click More to the right of Lists
- Select the list you want to edit by clicking on it, or choose Create List
- On the right hand side, click on the On this list box that says Add Friends To This List
- Type in the names of any friends you want to add
- Click Add next to their name
Removing friends from a list:
- Click the Home button in the top right of Facebook
- If Lists is not being displayed on the left hand side of the screen, click the More button
- Click More to the right of Lists
- Select the list you want to edit by clicking on it
- Click Manage List in the top right corner
- Select Add / Remove Friends
- Click on the name of the person you want to remove
Please note: You can also add people using this method by clicking someone not already on the list.


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Moscow (Jun. 28)
The plenary session of Ozet, society for the settlement of Jews on land in the Soviet Union, after adopting resolutions, called upon all affiliated groups to direct their principal attention and financial means to the JAR, the Jewish autonomous region in Biro Bidjan.
The entire conference, the third annual gathering of the Ozet, was devoted to working out plans for Jewish colonization in Biro Bidjan.


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text:
In today's New York Times Warren Buffett makes the case for higher taxes on the rich writing:
Our government's goal should be to bring in revenues of 18.5 percent of G.D.P. and spend about 21 percent of G.D.P. — levels that have been attained over extended periods in the past and can clearly be reached again. As the math makes clear, this won't stem our budget deficits; in fact, it will continue them. But assuming even conservative projections about inflation and economic growth, this ratio of revenue to spending will keep America's debt stable in relation to the country's economic output.
Buffett's target numbers are close to historical reality. Since World War II, federal spending as a percentage of gdp has averaged 19.7 percent and taxes have averaged 17.9 percent. But what Buffett doesn't tell you, as the American Enterprise Institute's James Pethokoukis noted earlier today, is that Obama's budget sends federal taxation and spending far above Buffett's targets. In fact, Buffett's ideal numbers come much closer to the Ryan budget than they do to the Obama budget. Here is a chart comparing the Buffett, Obama, and Ryan numbers on taxes:
And here is a chart comparing the Buffett, Obama, and Ryan budgets on spending:
If Buffett truly believes that his 18.5 percent taxes/21 percent spending ratio is the key to solving our fiscal problems, then he is writing editorials supporting the wrong party.


text: On Mon, 2006-11-20 at 10:23 -0700, wightman wrote: > This release includes 3 patches that were developed by the community. > See the CHANGELOG for more details. > > If your patch was not included please let us know. Most likely we > simply didn't know about it. There is a bug in the maui documentation. E.1.4 says ADMINHOST and not the correct ADMINHOSTS. And ADMINHOSTS is not listed in the big table in appendix F -- Ake Sandgren, HPC2N, Umea University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden Internet: ake at hpc2n.umu.se Phone: +46 90 7866134 Fax: +46 90 7866126 Mobile: +46 70 7716134 WWW: http://www.hpc2n.umu.se


text:
SAINT LEO, Fla. – Although they were provided with the opportunities against the nation's top-ranked team, the Saint Leo baseball team could not get a lucky break as they dropped both ends of a Sunshine State Conference doubleheader on Saturday afternoon to Florida Southern by 7-5 and 8-4 finals.
The opener saw SLU take an early lead when Dale Slimick smacked a two-run shot over the left-field wall that put the Lions up 2-0 but the Mocs had an answer in the next frame when they scored three runs to take the lead.
Saint Leo would fight back in the bottom of the third when Bobby Munoz lofted a ball into the strong gale that was blowing across the stadium all day. The two-run shot out of left field would give the Lions the lead again.
Florida Southern would answer by scoring four runs in the next two innings to take a 7-4 lead. Despite a strong showing from the Lions' bullpen as they shut down the visitors from Lakeland, Fla. through the last four innings, the Saint Leo bats could not get an answer as the Mocs pulled out the victory.
Game two saw the teams knotted at four, but the Mocs capitalized on two Lion errors in the final inning to see FSC score four runs to managed the win.
The two miscues in the seventh capped off a five error night for Saint Leo as Florida Southern managed the series sweep over SLU.
Munoz had the best offensive showing for the Lions as he went 4-for-8 with three RBI.
Ryan Arena (1-1) picked up the first game loss in relief and JC Suarez (2-3) tossed 6.1 innings but was the pitcher of record in the deciding seventh inning.
The Lions will now face the University of Tampa in a non-conference tilt on Tuesday night at 7:00 p.m. at Thomas B. Southard Stadium on the Saint Leo campus.


text:
A Miley Cyrus porn parody called Molly's Wrecking Ballz is coming soon. The eloquent description of the adult film? "Meet Molly, America's favorite stoner who's begging for you to bone her. When this pill-popping party princess isn't busy getting baked on bong loads, she's trying to fill her grill with something other than drugs." Um, gross. Molly is played by Miley May, a porn star who looks so much like Miley that many of the singer's fans saw the stills that hit the Internet this weekend and expressed shock on Twitter, believing it to actually be her.
'Miley Cyrus' X Rated Sex Scenes Leaked Online - Fans In Shock At Porn Images - Celebrity Gossip, News & Photos, Movie Reviews, Competitions - Entertainmentwise


text:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process responsible for the delivery of cellular material to the lysosomes. One of the key mechanisms for control of autophagy is the modulation of the interaction between the autophagic protein Beclin 1 and the members of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family (e.g., Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1). This binding is regulated by a variety of proteins and compounds that are able to enhance or inhibit the Bcl-2/Beclin 1 interaction in order to repress or activate autophagy, respectively. In this review we will focus on this interaction and discuss its characteristics, relevance and regulation.
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway responsible for the delivery of cellular material to lysosomes for its degradation. Macroautophagy (further referred to as 'autophagy') is the best studied form of autophagy, in part because of its unique features: the double-membranous vesicles, termed autophagosomes, which carry the cellular material towards the lysosomes. These autophagic vesicles derive from double membranous structures (phagophores) that elongate, envelop the cellular material, and finally close up to form an autophagosome [
Autophagy is an essential player in cellular life and death. Basal levels of autophagy control the cellular homeostasis by removing possible intrinsic toxic components, such as damaged organelles or protein aggregates. In this regard, (dysfunctional) autophagy is often implicated in various diseases (e.g., proteinopathies) [
Another interesting controversial matter is the origin of the lipids of the phagophore. Several organelles have already been assigned as candidates, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) [
In yeast, more than 30 autophagy ('Atg') proteins have already been reported that molecularly regulate the autophagic pathway. This pathway partially overlaps with the vacuolar protein-sorting ('Vps') pathway. This is especially apparent in one of the complexes essential for the initial formation of the phagophore, the PtdIns-3K complex III (or PtdIns-3KC3), of which the key kinase is named Vps34 [
The mammalian ortholog of the essential PtdIns-3KC3 component Vps30/Atg6, Beclin 1, has gained a special interest in autophagy research, because it was the first autophagy protein shown to be a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor (
List of examples of phenotypes observed in mice deficient in Beclin 1, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1 and Bcl-w. When homozygous (−/−) knockout mice are embryonically lethal, heterozygous (+/−) or conditional knockout (CKO) mice phenotypes are also listed.
|Beclin 1-/-
|Prenatal embryonic lethality
|Beclin 1+/-
|Increased tumor incidence
|Abnormal ovary morphology
|Increased cell proliferation
|Premature death
|Increased angiogenesis
|Decreased cardiac injury
|Renal fibrosis
|Partial postnatal lethality
|Abnormal kidneys/Polycystic kidney disease
|Abnormal lymphoid system
|Abnormal spleen morphology
|Abnormal thymus morphology
|Small ears
|Abnormal nose morphology
|Decreased body size/weight
|Abnormal hair pigmentation
|Abnormal neuron morphology/Neuron degeneration
|Abnormal retinal vasculature morphology/Pericyte morphology
|Abnormal skeletal muscle fiber type ratio
|Abnormal small intestine morphology
|Abnormal osteoblast morphology
|Prenatal lethality
|Bcl-XL-/- (CKO)
|Abnormal platelet morphology/physiology
|Neuron degeneration
|Liver fibrosis
|Increased bone resorption
|Peri-implantation embryonic lethality
|Mcl-1-/- (CKO)
|Decreased T cell number/Abnormal T cell morphology
|Decreased neutrophil number
|Decreased mast cell and basophil number
|Decreased thymocyte number
|Neuron degeneration
|Abnormal liver morphology
|Male infertility
|Abnormal neurological behavior
|Decreased cellular stress protection
Although Beclin 1 is regarded as essential for Vps34 activity and thus for the autophagic pathway, some reports indicate the existence of non-canonical Beclin 1-independent autophagy. Interestingly, in these studies, the Beclin 1-independency mostly resulted in autophagic cell death, in which inhibition of autophagy leads to more survival [
Beclin 1 was first discovered as a Bcl-2-interacting protein important in protection against Sindbis virus [
Since Bcl-2 is very well known as an anti-apoptotic protein, the mechanism by which Bcl-2 inhibits both a survival as well as a cell death process is intriguing. In this respect, Wei
An interesting aspect of Bcl-2 is that its anti-autophagic function appears to be dependent on the intracellular localization. Wild type and ER-localized Bcl-2 are able to repress autophagy, while mitochondrial Bcl-2 is not [
Bcl-2 tethers Beclin 1 at the ER. Representation of mitochondria, ER and the proteins of interest in normal growth conditions. Since only ER-Bcl-2 regulates autophagy, it is able to recruit Beclin 1 at the ER. Bcl-2-binding mutants of Beclin 1 (indicated with a red cross), therefore are less able to interact with Vps34 at the ER and fail to induce autophagy or could induce autophagic cell death. Whether Bcl-2/Beclin 1 complexes are devoid of Vps34 is still unclear. Beclin 1 can also associate with mitochondria. Ambra-1 binds mitochondrial Bcl-2 and prevents it from binding to Beclin 1. See text for detailed information.
Although the Bcl-2/Beclin 1 interaction is clearly an important checkpoint in autophagy induction upon starvation or treatment with many different compounds, some other well-known autophagy inducers, like rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) and lithium chloride (inhibitor of inositol signaling), had less apparent effects on the displacement of Beclin 1 from Bcl-XL [
Many proteins that interact with Beclin 1 to regulate its function in autophagy, including UVRAG, Atg14L/Barkor, Rubicon, Bif-1, nPIST, SLAM have been reported (reviewed in: [
Mutations in the
The mechanism by which Parkin induces mitophagy while inhibiting autophagy in general probably depends on its localization. Damage to mitochondria will target Parkin to the mitochondria to promote mitophagy and clearance of these affected organelles, while upon a more global stress like starvation, Parkin may be retained in the cytosol [
The main ER-resident Ca2+-release channel, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), has also been implicated in autophagy (reviewed in: [
Regulation of the Bcl-2/Beclin 1 interaction at the ER. The Bcl-2/Beclin 1 interaction can be enhanced by RTN3, Naf-1, IP3R and ubiquitination of Bcl-2 by Parkin. Dissociation of Beclin 1 from Bcl-2 is promoted by BH3-only proteins binding to Bcl-2, phosphorylation of Bcl-2 by JNK1, phosphorylation of Beclin 1 by DAPK, viral Bcl-2 (v-Bcl-2) or HMGB1 binding to Beclin 1 or ubiquitination of Beclin 1 by TRAF6. The latter can be counteracted by deubiquitinating enzyme A20. See text for detailed information.
In contrast to this scaffold hypothesis, our own study revealed an increased IP3R/Beclin 1 interaction and a decreased Bcl-2/Beclin 1 interaction during short periods of nutrient starvation. The former interaction was responsible for an IP3R sensitization that was important for autophagy induction [
Nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor 1 (Naf-1) is a key protein involved in the Wolfram syndrome 2 (WSF2) neurodegenerative disorder [
The reticulon family is proposed to regulate a variety of cellular processes, including retrograde transport from Golgi to ER [
Interestingly, RTN3 also affected Ca2+ homeostasis by increasing ER Ca2+ release and consequently depleting ER Ca2+ stores [
Using analytical ultracentrifugation, Noble
Since ER-localized Bcl-2 regulates autophagy and phosphorylated Bcl-2 localizes mainly at the ER [
Interestingly, Bcl-2-AAA knock-in mice were found to have disrupted exercise-induced autophagy, resulting in abolished enhancement of the glucose metabolism [
Unlike Bcl-2, Bcl-XL is not phosphorylated by JNK1, since it does not have similar residues, suggesting that other forms of regulatory mechanisms must exist for Bcl-XL. Zalckvar
Finally, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK too has been suggested to phosphorylate Bcl-2 and affect the Bcl-2/Beclin 1 binding, which is regulated by HMGB1 [
Ambra-1 (activating molecule in Beclin 1-regulated autophagy) is a known Beclin 1 interactor that positively regulates PtdIns-3KC3 [
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear chromatin-binding protein that can also be secreted in the extracellular environment, functioning as a signaling molecule in e.g., inflammation, cell migration and tumor metastasis [
ARF (p14ARF in humans, p19ARF in mice) is a tumor suppressor, of which a small molecular weight variant was discovered to induce autophagy [
Stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by microbial components like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) leads to recruitment of several typical proteins at the Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, like myeloid differentiation marker 88 (MyD88), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 1 and 4, which recruit and activate the K63-linked E3 ubiquitin ligase tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) [
The cell death proteases, caspases, are important mediators of apoptosis. Recent studies also provided important roles for these proteases in inhibition of autophagy through cleavage of Atg proteins, making them interesting mediators in the crosstalk between these processes [
Since Beclin 1 binds with its BH3 domain to the hydrophobic groove in Bcl-2, competitors for this binding groove could likely displace Beclin 1 from Bcl-2 (
Bcl-2-associated death promotor (Bad) is an atypical member of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins, since it does not contain a C-terminal transmembrane domain required for mitochondrial targeting. Maiuri
Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a BH3-only protein, containing a mitochondria-targeting C-terminal transmembrane domain, which is essential for its pro-apoptotic function [
However, this mechanism is not the only manner in which oncogenic Ras promotes autophagy. Ras can also upregulate Atg5 and activate the Rac1/MKK7/JNK pathway [
Upregulation of Noxa was also involved in autophagy-associated cell death in cancer cells upon co-administration of the ErbB1/2 inhibitor lapatinib and the Bcl-2 family antagonist obatoclax [
Infection of cells by viruses will activate autophagy as part of the innate immunity against all kinds of pathogens [
In this respect, so-called "viral Bcl-2 homologues" have been shown to exist, that can bind Beclin 1, thereby altering the autophagic pathway (
Beclin 1 may also be regulated by viral proteins, in order to modulate other steps in the autophagic pathway, downstream of the Bcl-2/Beclin 1 interaction. The PtdIns3-KC3 namely also affects the fusion mechanisms of autophagosomes with lysosomes, depending on the Beclin1 interactors present in the complex: Atg14L/Barkor, Rubicon or UVRAG [
Since the Bcl-2/Beclin 1 protein complex is a key regulator for autophagy, its modulation through various ways will stimulate or inhibit this cellular pathway (see above). Since modulation of autophagy is proposed as a novel therapeutic avenue for various diseases, including cancer [
Of course, inhibiting the interaction of Beclin 1 with the Bcl-2-family proteins using BH3 mimetics may also trigger apoptosis by releasing pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-family members. To avoid this, low doses of compounds are recommended that mainly affect the weaker Bcl-2/Beclin 1 binding, but not the stronger interactions with pro-apoptotic proteins. In addition, the natural BH3 mimetic (−)-gossypol has been shown to kill cancer cells via autophagic cell death in Bcl-2-proteins-overexpressing, apoptosis-resistant cancer cells [
The Bcl-2/Beclin 1 interaction is a very important checkpoint in the regulation of autophagy and can therefore be regulated by a number of molecules. In regard of the therapeutic possibilities of autophagy modulation, it is crucial to further and fully understand Bcl-2/Beclin 1 regulation. Although a lot of advances have recently been made, many intriguing and important questions regarding this interaction still remain to be investigated.
Work performed in the author's laboratory on the topic was supported by Grant GOA/09/12 and OT START1/10/044 from the Research Council of the K.U. Leuven, by grant G.0731.09N from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), and by the Interuniversity Poles of Attraction Programme-Belgian State, Prime Minister's Office, Federal Office for Scientific, Technical, and Cultural Affairs, IUAP P6/28.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.


text:
Hell's Kitchen Season Finale: Lovers Turned Rivals (or Thank You, Hot Tub!)
Tomorrow is the season finale of Hell's Kitchen and, in true Fox form, the drama has escalated (WHAT!?). Last week, Gordon Ramsay cut Autumn Lewis and Benjamin Knack (see ya, misogynist!), leaving Jay Santos (Chef Smurf) and Holli Ugalde (what's up with the baby-daddy sitch?) as the final two competing for the head chef position at London's The Savoy Grill.
The hitch? Thanks to the hot tub (a reality show staple) in the Hell's Kitchen living quarters, Jay and Holli are lovers (gross!) who will each need to win tomorrow night's final dinner service with the "help" of former competitors like still-can't-cook Fran and queen of sweat Nilka (gross, gross!)
Apparently, Jay plans to mop the floor not only with Holli but with her face, too (huh?). Meanwhile, Holli says she's willing to do whatever it takes to win. Um, isn't that what anyone would say?
If anything, the season finale of Hell's Kitchen looks like it will not disappoint. Will there be one winner or will the show's producers have Jay and Holli both going to the Savoy AND getting married by Gordon Ramsay at the end of the show (okay, so maybe he's the best man)? We'll keep our reality-show fingers crossed for the latter.
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