text:
Further to my letter of 30 January, we have
been considering, with the Treasury and the Department for Work
and Pensions (DWP), your Committee's conclusion that the Pensions
Regulator and the Treasury need to assess carefully the impact
of the new regulations' on pension funding and of other requirements
arising from the Pensions Act 2004 and the effect they could have
on investment and the solvency of companies affected. The Treasury
are responding to this in full today as part of its formal response
to your report.
In the meantime it may help if I outline our
role and work in this area. The Pensions Act and its associated
regulations are the responsibility of the DWP and implement in
UK law the relevant provisions of the European Directive on Institutions
for Occupational Retirement Provision.
Our role is to regulate how pension schemes
comply with the legislation in line with our statutory objectives
to protect members' benefits and reduce risks to the Pensions
Protection Fund. We set out our provisional views on how we will
discharge our responsibilities in this regard in a consultation
paper issued on 31 October 2005, which your Committee's report
cites. Before taking this step, and because we shared your concern
about understanding the potential impacts of our regime, we commissioned
PriceWaterhouseCoopers to analyse the impact on the macro-economy
and the viability of employers of paying off their deficits as
calculated using FRS 17. This is I would have thought very
much the type of analysis your committee looks to us to undertake,
and we shared its findings with the Treasury before publishing
the consultation paper.
We are now analysing the responses to consultation
with a view to issuing a definitive statement of our approach
towards the end of April. We agree that the issues identified
by the Committee are important and will seek to monitor the wider
impacts of our statement so as to keep our approach under review.
As suggested in your letter, we have liaised
with the DWP and the Treasury to enable them to make the PriceWaterhouseCoopers
report available to you, and I understand that the Treasury are
today placing the report in the library of both Houses of Parliament,
as part of their wider response to your Committee's report. We
have prepared, with the DWP, a covering note on the context of
this analysis.
Tony Hobman
Chief Executive
22 March 2006


text:
This test track in Chobham, Surrey has a fantastic alpine feel due to its woodland location and dramatic elevation changes over its 2.2 mile course. The former MOD test facility goes by the name of the Longcross Proving Ground as well as the Chobham test track. The track is extremely popular for Track Days and Driving Experiences. Offering long straights, dramatic elevation changes with a variety of cambers and with a section called 'The Snake' being particularly notable.
The track has gone from being shrouded in secrecy as a proving ground for WWII and Cold War tanks to a venue for thrill-seekers.
The track has plenty of areas for spectators to take photos but these areas can be exposed to the elements so dress accordingly with the weather.
The track
The track is not a racing circuit and lacks the wide run-offs that you find in converted airfields. What you do find is a technical track that has a variety of characteristics that provides a broad range of challenges to both vehicles and drivers.
On first exiting the pitlane you enter a long, high speed section of track which banks and turns 180 degrees into another long wide straight before entering the section known as 'the snake'.
As the name suggests, this is a twisting section which twists and turns through a woodland section whilst sharply gaining elevation until the road crests and you are briefly looking at sky. Flying over the crest you then approach a sharp hairpin turn followed by more twists before exiting onto a fast straight with a number of chicanes to keep you on your toes. There is a long parabolic curve which indicates you are about to pass the pitlane to start another breathtaking lap.
The track has been used for many TV adverts and feature films and this track really favours fast, agile supercars such as the Ferrari 458, Porsche 911 and Audi R8.
Chobham is near London and convenient and convenient with links to the M25 and M3.
Driving Experiences
There are a huge variety of driving experiences on offer at Chobham from truck experiences to Aston Martin Vantage and high speed Radical rides for adults as well as junior experiences and passenger rides. There are some great value offers on trackdays.co.uk for single car experiences and packages such as Supercar Supreme, Ultimate Aston Martin and Ultimate Ferrari.
Source: DSG

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The display and use of drug information on this site is subject to express terms of use. By continuing to view the drug information, you agree to abide by such terms of use.
PRECAUTIONS: Before using nasal beclomethasone, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: eye problems (such as glaucoma, cataracts), infections (including tuberculosis), recent nose problems (such as injury, ulcers, surgery).Avoid contact with people who have infections that may spread to others (such as chickenpox, measles, flu). Consult your doctor if you have been exposed to an infection or for more details.Rarely, using corticosteroid medications for a long time can make it more difficult for your body to respond to physical stress. Therefore, before having surgery or emergency treatment, or if you get a serious illness/injury, tell your doctor or dentist that you are using this medication or have used this medication within the past few months.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).Though it is unlikely, this medication may slow down a child's growth if used for a long time. The effect on final adult height is unknown. See the doctor regularly so your child's height can be checked.During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. However, many doctors consider this drug to be safe to use during pregnancy. Rarely, infants born to mothers who have been using corticosteroids (including beclomethasone) for a long time may have low levels of corticosteroid hormone. Tell your doctor immediately if you notice symptoms such as persistent nausea/vomiting, severe diarrhea, or weakness in your newborn. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.It is unknown if this drug passes into breast milk. However, similar drugs pass into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
Quick GuideBad Bugs: Identify Bug Bites From Mosquitos, Spiders and More
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text:
I've read a few books and built a few sites but I still feel clueless.
How did you guys develop competence?
What did you practice? What opportunities presented themselves? What path did you take to (partial) mastery?
I'm debating contributing to a few Open Source projects to get my chops up. Any other ideas?
Did you include PHP.NET where they have the big red box at the top saying "This feature has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 5.3.0. Relying on this feature is highly discouraged." ??? I love it when people argue with the page defining what things are
10 SP, Ten. 16px is the 100% default size at 96dpi - and technically it's 62.5% aka 10/16ths -- but yes, the articles claiming a fixed relationship between px and default font are pure bull. Doesn't help when you have [people who should know better saying complete nonsense like "[url=http://webkit.org/blog/57/css-units/]This is why browsers use the 96 dpi rule when deciding how all of the absolute units relate to the CSS pixel.](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Hyatt)"
BULL - Camel mannered tunic wearing molly-coddle.
Given who said that, is it any wonder things are such a mess? Apparenly never used IE or Opera on systems of different DPI, or changed the default font size in his browser to match that behavior... Basically changing the system metric - something I've been doing since the release of Windows 3.0... Though I seem to be saying that a lot lately about 'revolutionary new features' in software.
Really that's one of my big pet peeves, being I've been a 8514 (Win 3) large fonts (Win9x)/120dpi(winNT)/medium 125%(Win7) user for two decades...
I sure did
He claimed that PHP5.3 was "purely experimental" and lacked "key" features of PHP such as register globals ( :lol: ), not because it was bad practice but because it was harder to program into the new core, or something like that.
Fortunately he made a few dangerous errors; no escaping, no magic_quotes with his script requiring magic_quotes, having the same password on his demo admin account as his blog, bit of SQL injecting found me the password and I emailed his password to him. I think he got the hint, his domain is now 'parked', 3 months on.
^ he was also right (with the quote "just because they can write articles doesn't mean they know what they're talking about.").
I can find a dozen articles claiming the "62% font size means 1em = 16px" myth.
This is absolutely a problem newbies to anything web dev related run up against, as a few have mentioned above. This is why it's good to have a decent community, with people recognised as experts in their field posting information so that newbs and not-so-newbs can find the right way. Discussion with peers after getting more advanced is also essential.
Unfortunately, the qualifications required to write web articles are simply nadda, zilch, nought - nothing.
I STILL come across articles which explain things using register_globals and magic_quotes. I even emailed one author explaining this and he called my style 'out of date' because of "the amazing invention of register_globals which many developers are yet to realise the full potential of". When I replied with a dozen or so links to articles backing my points up, he replied 'just because they can write articles doesn't mean they know what they're talking about'.
What you always have to do is look at an article date. (Now this is really an argumentum ad novitatem but it does somewhat apply here.) In software engineering, things move fairly rapidly. If you're looking at an article from 5 years ago, it probably uses mysqli, from 10 years ago? mysql. From 6 months ago? PDO. This isn't a coincidence. Things change.
In our industry things move fast. There are always improvements. Both in the underlying technology and the principles behind the way we do things. The key is to embrace change. If you get set in old ways you will get left behind. I like to continually critique my own work... I'm constantly improving the way I do things, even when I reach a point where I don't believe I can improve I do. Usually significantly.
Anyone ever considered that some of the advice written is not to help others but to confuse others?
Also that it creates books, and is another article when someone is stumped for a bit of filler content for their blog or other type of site.
To become competent i would say that its wise to believe half of what you read and hear.
This is, a mon avis, a great advice and me, as a newbie, I always found this part the hard to deal with.
We have different backgrounds, and different professional structures, on doing our programming. When I ask some questions about (to me, expecting to be) simple tasks, sometimes, I got answers... quite advanced, that require a lot, on our structural development environment (resources equipment, background knowledge, etc....).
So, many times, I end up desperate that I'm unable to accomplish a given advice. And of course we can't. We need (literally) years to properly understand the answer.
1) Sometimes, good/best programming answers are not the best on a newbies point of view.
2) However, this doesn't mean that as newbies, we should forget about them. No we don't. Many times, I got my answers understood some months later.
3) When we doing this alone, knowing what is good and not good programming practice, seems hard to find. My advice to solve it is to, cross data. And compare. And study.
Example of 3) I see many database connection tutorials here and there, showing different ways for establishing a connection to it. Many use mysql_connect, and if we do not stop there, we look and we see that mysqli is better then the other and if we keep looking we can see that PDO is actually even better... and so on... How do we know if it's better or not? We listen the arguments, the details, and generally, found that something that some articles ignore, and others, don't.
I'll second that. As a rule of thumb computer science degrees are worth less than a sheet of bog roll. In an industry where three years is obsolete and five years is the scrap heap, what good is a four year program using ten year old textbooks?
Some of the worst design practices and coding I've seen came not from people with degrees though - you want really bad look at the garbage put out by educators.
Though when both combine to do something; Hell, just look at your average college website for examples of educational ineptitude.
Or programs like the one a friend of mine took at the local state college that teaches nothing but Dreamweaver and Flash Pro, and doesn't even tell the students that there's this thing called HTML underneath the WYSIWYG.
Things getting easier sure is true. Of course I keep raising the bar as I go so I still have plenty of difficulty at times.
I've noticed by looking at my older code - what I thought was great at the time - often looks like total kludge now :eek: so I guess I must be getting somewhat better.
Definitely not you, Salathe. I've got a lot of respect for the work that you do.
Edit: I also just found out that you can embed the quote tag inside the OT tag. It looks a bit funky, but works well enough.
But I wouldn't recommend it.[/ot]
Ironically, some of the worst programming I've come across has been from people with degrees, and the worst programmers are usually designers at heart. It's also usually the case that the worst designers are programmers...
If your looking on open source projects and hope to see good/secure code then you will in most cases become utterly disappointed.
In general most open source PHP projects is plagued with security holes, mostly due to the projects started out of the code of a simple script written by someone and then afterwards its been modified/updated by more people that calls themselves PHP developers.
The ease of entry point PHP has is both a good thing and a curse. But it does cause the language to have a lot more bad developers than many other languages.
Btw, on the opening and ending PHP tags, if the PHP code is the last information in the document you can ignore the ending PHP tag.
Why would you be passing the PDO object by reference? Would it not be a better idea to wrap an adapter around it, as it would give you more options in the end.
Though claiming that every commercial script is like a swiss cheese is kind of a huge over statement. For a real commercial PHP script that has been created by a company, then there is usually not any more security issues than with any other software written in other languages (Thinking on application sold for $1000 or higher for a license).
On the other hand if you buy a license for an application that cost $50 you cant really expect that high quality.
Something does not sound too good here, thinking from an efficient application point of view. Sounds like there is too much information inside a few files making it too thigh coupled, this will make it very difficult to modify things later on.
Keep in mind that no chain is stronger than the weakest link. It does not matter if your script is as secure as "fort knox" if the backdoor is left unlocked (i.e. server).
Security is a good thing and way too many PHP developers look too lightly on it, but I believe that you are taking the security a step too far, by default you need to be able to trust the owner of the server. I.e. that any files they append to the script will be safe and not a security risk. The only main consern should be any data that is used by the script, as long as you make certain it is clean your application will be secure. If the server owner screws up and upload some unsecure files, then that is their fault, not yours as the author of the application. After all, if I have server access I can do anything I want anyway and your security approach on the PHP side wont help.
In addition your posts are a little incomprehensive and difficult to follow, so this might actually mean we get a different understanding of your post than the point you tried to get a cross.
When you go to school they teach you how to read things like this from #man trap:
BASH BUILTIN COMMANDS: bind [-m keymap] [-lpsvPSV] bind [-m keymap] [-q function] [-u function] [-r keyseq] bind [-m keymap] -f filename bind [-m keymap] -x keyseq:shell-command bind [-m keymap] keyseq:function-name
Someone always suggests the best answer to a problem is read the man page. I know there's a logic to this. I just don't get it intuitively. I know there's got to be some info document explaining how to read this logic, and its never in a published how-to book. That's why I like yous guys. golly gee, you're swell. you tells me what I need to know in real words.
Thanks guys, that was great. Good answers to my ORIGINAL question.
Please stop bickering though....
That's not a rebuttal, it's an appeal to (your own) authority and a deflection of my primary point, which was that if you are going to make a point, you should back it up. This isn't Schneier on Security -- you shouldn't make the assumption that your audience is inherently knowledgeable about the security landscape.
To use an example: you say that developers should never use global variables to store security state, and that's good advice (so is "Don't use global variables"). However, simply following a pronounced edict like that isn't how we get better software; indeed that path leads to Cargo-Cult developers following suggestions for the wrong reasons (and thus never knowing when they should break the rules they were given).
I can tell that you've got a lot of useful wisdom to impart to the community, but your communication style can make it very difficult to understand.
First off -- THANK YOU!!! I've been saying that pretty much since the Church of Stallman was formed and am honest to JHVH shocked to find anyone else willing to actually SAY IT.
Also true.
Shades of Basic in most every incarnation. VB crapplets for example.
Yeah, but to me that's like leaving out the closing tags or WORSE, HEAD/BODY tags in HTML, I like to see it so that structure is maintained.
Because I don't want it to be able to be modified once initialized inside my db.php. I consider that another vulnerability. Much less that if I don't restrict it's scope by passing by reference, it's a global again.
I've seen sight few that qualify for that though - I'm not saying they don't exist, but there are very few that seem to meet up to that standard... Mind you, I've been dealing with garbage like Goldmine and so forth so...
Actually, makes it simpler in a way, though really it's a sacrifice to go cross-SQL. mySQL doesn't take the exact same queries as Oracle or MSSQL - hell there are even enough differences for postGre to occasionally need query tweaks. Do you inline those changes with if statements on every query, or do you just include the appropriate values by extending the PDO object with an array containing all your queries appropriate to the task at hand? This part of why I LIKE pdo->prepare a LOT.
As I said, the only secure system is one with zero access, from there it's a matter of degree.
It's sad when that's a step too far - really is.
Which is fine for large companies handling it in-house, but not for something joe-six pack is going to install on any of the billion fly-by-night shared hosts. I think the target audience plays a crucial role on that.
I've gotten that for 40 years, getting a little sick of it. As I've said other places "Englisc, modor wyrter! Gedon eow cweþan hit!?!" -- I know my manner of speech is archaic, but DAMN is education really that piss poor now or something? Half the time you make a simile now you get some jackass saying "That's off topic, what's that got to do with it?"... and yes, I said simile, not Smiley.
The lack of general literacy really is one of my pet peeves. Maybe I should just turn my hat around backwards, put my pants around my knees and start typing everything in L33T?
Though I also think it's the New England Yankee businessman attitude - we'll tell you something sucks to your face... and then try to help make it better. If you aren't willing able to get angry over something sucking, and couch every statement in meaningless plattitudes how the devil is anything supposed to get better. Slapping the rose coloured glasses on people's heads and leading them down the garden path by saying "everything's ok" is not how things get BETTER... But we're the type of people who will call you a lazy sleazeball *** to your face right before we give you the shirt off our backs.
New Englanders are NOT a friendly people in terms of speech - but we're also generous to a fault. <brooklyn>Ya got a freaking problem with that?</brooklyn>
"The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable man." -- George Bernard Shaw
I think one of the best things to learn is not to blindly listen to people without understanding why they say what they say.
You get posts on this forum by people using the most bizarre conventions because someone once told them to, and because they never questioned it they can end up with a mess of code.
That's why I say to try and cut down on tutorials - some of them are pretty poor. A lot of them are written by people looking to score credit and look superior, so sometimes I've even seen articles about the basics of arrays and they throw in quick mentions of polymorphism when using objects as arrays. By doing that they are confusing the reader (who is bound to be a beginner) more than anything. If you feel confused by a tutorial, or advice from another programmer, do yourself a favour and ask about it here, we'll help you clear it up.
[ot]This is one of the things you might want to consider, DeathShadow. Sometimes the guy just wants assistance with PHP - talking about other programming languages (pascal, assembly etc) just makes the original poster lose confidence. I'm not trying to be critical, I'm just echoing some things that people have asked me about. If a 4 year old asks how to make green paint from yellow and blue paint, don't start talking about photons!
Basically, you've shown yourself to be a good programmer, you don't have anything to prove in that respect. Just focus on being a good teacher [/ot]
Another big thing you need to grasp is that for any one goal, there are a vast amount of ways to accomplish it. Experiment.


text:
Two Oakland police officers working undercover at an anti-war protest in May 2003 got themselves elected to leadership positions in an effort to influence the demonstration, documents released Thursday show.
The department assigned the officers to join activists protesting the U.S. war in Iraq and the tactics that police had used at a demonstration a month earlier, a police official said last year in a sworn deposition.
At the first demonstration, police fired nonlethal bullets and bean bags at demonstrators who blocked the Port of Oakland's entrance in a protest against two shipping companies they said were helping the war effort. Dozens of activists and longshoremen on their way to work suffered injuries ranging from welts to broken bones and have won nearly $2 million in legal settlements from the city.


text:
GENEVA (Oct. 31)
The economic and social dislocations in the countries in which the American Joint Distribution Committee operates, coinciding with swelling Jewish populations in France and Israel, pose problems which may require a larger JDC budget for 1964 than in 1963, Edward M.M. Warburg, JDC chairman, said here today.
He also told the 19th Annual JDC Country Directors Conference that "unless additional sums are made available to us, we will unquestionably be faced with the impossibly difficult problems of setting priorities for human needs in carrying out our programs for the coming year." Charles H. Jordan, JDC European director, was chairman for the conference.
Reports were presented from officials responsible for operating programs in 27 countries last year in which aid was provided to 277,000 men, women and children in a wide range of welfare services at a cost of $30,000,000. Most of these funds are provided through the United Jewish Appeal.
Supplemented by a report by Moses A, Leavitt, JDC executive vice-chairman, on a recent visit to Israel, the data presented indicated that the major problems facing the JDC are in Israel, France and the Moslem countries of North Africa and that 75 per cent of JDC funds are spent in these three areas.
Mr. Leavitt said that the mounting pressure of social problems in Israel is screened by its booming economy. He indicated that among the most critical of those problems were the absorption of newcomers from the North African countries and the education of their children.


text:
Posts listed under location Portugal
Browse posts related to Portugal. Remember to leave a response on posts that you find interesting or inspire a comment. When making a new post, please remember to tag it with a couple relevant locations.
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Portugal (location) Index
Pool and Garden Professionals
Seeking Teaching Position in the Algarve
Hi, I'm looking for a full time teaching job in the Algarve. I have been working as a TEFL teacher for 13 years, mainly in Portugal but also in the UK, Spain, Angola and Brazil and have experience of teaching all ages and levels including preparation for Cambridge and Trinity exams and ESP for business, nursing and engineering. I am a qualified
Looking for a summer job
Seeking Summer Live-Out Nanny Job
Hi, my name is Jemma and I am hoping to live in Lisbon this summer--granted I can land a job! I'm seeking a live-out nanny position. I hold a Bachelor's Degree and have studied Music Education and Musical Theatre. I hold valid certifications in Lifeguarding, CPR/AED, and First Aid. I can certainly supply references. Thanks!
A Finnish Master of Education looking for a job
Looking for a teaching job from Portugal:
Miss Alex McGivern
Hi I'm looking to live and work in alberferia this April in a bar or restraints I have 4years experience...I'm 22 outgoing, bubbly, fun to be around, love meeting new people and would fit right in with the party scene at alberferia...... If your interested in employing me or no of any jobs message me Thanks
Thai Rojnirankun
dental technician
Fully qualified dental technician looking for work on the Algarve. 12 years experience in all implantology and cosmetic
looking for job
A company representative
Our company is interested in looking for potential partners among tourist companies of Portugal, with the conclusion of agency contracts, as well as representative of our company on these contracts.We are Ukrainian tourist company so why we need a representative of our campaigns abroad, who will represent our


text:
ISIS Reportedly Releases Video Of Journalist's Beheading
Get the latest from 24/7 News on iHeartRadio
ISIS is releasing a video that reportedly shows the beheading of American hostage Steven Sotloff. Site Intelligence Monitoring Service reported the news today. The video warns governments to back away from "this evil alliance of America against the Islamic State."
Steven Sotloff is a journalist from Florida who was abducted last year while he was covering the conflict in Syria. His mother Shirley released a video last week pleading for his release.
Site Intelligence Monitoring Service says a masked figure who appears in the video also issued a threat against a British hostage named David Haines.
The U.S. is working to authenticate the video. State Department spokesperson Jen Psaki said if the video turns out to be real, it's sickening and a horrific terrorist act.
PHOTO: Getty Images


text:
very first genetically engineered whole food hit grocery shelves
in 1994. The Flavr Savr tomato, developed by Calgene, was designed
to ripen on the vine, and then stay ripe. Regular tomatoes tend
to rot quickly once they're picked, a serious problem since most
tomatoes must be shipped long distances. Despite its design for
a long shelf life, it didn't last very long in stores. The tomato
was pulled off grocery shelves by 1996 and is now commonly used
in mass production of tomato based products.
Explore More: Genetic Engineering
Copyright 2004, Iowa Public Television
The Explore More project is supported by funds from the
Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust
and the USDE Star Schools Program.


text:
Need Appliance Repair Help? Ask a Technician for Answers ASAP
Hello jfarrar,
Some questions 1. Why do you defrost it - it's automatic defrost , does frost accumalate on the back wall of freezer ? 2. You say freezer is OK but is it really , is it around 0 deg. in freezer , is ice cream staying hard ? 3. In fresh food section there is a vent / damper assembly in top in back on left wall - air from freezer shoots through this in to the fresh food section , do you feel air coming out of this ? 4. What is the model number of the fridge - look on walls inside of fresh food section for this maybe even on the ceiling .


text:
Easter Menu Ideas:
Looking for more traditional Easter menu ideas, like a lamb or a ham menu? I've got that here, too! Check out:
- Traditional Ham Easter Menu
- Traditional Easter Dinner with Lamb
- Lamb Easter Menu with Mediterranean Flavors
- Honey Baked Ham Recipes
- Fun and Funky Southwestern Ham Menu</li>
Easter Appetizer:
Decadant Deviled Eggs with Bacon and Chives
This appetizer is one of my favorite Easter menu ideas for using up all those leftover Easter eggs! It makes a very different and rich deviled egg.. and a nice change from the ordinary.
A warning... Now, I love these, and so do most of the people who try them. They're ultra thick, but because they have sour cream rather than mayo, they're also a little lighter-tasting. But the addition of bacon and chives gives them a really different flavor. So if you or your party-goers are deviled egg traditionalists, this might not be your favorite.
These fill up nice and big and are really unique-- and delicious. This Easter menu idea serves 12.
12 lg. hard-boiled eggs, cooled and peeled
6 slices bacon
2 tbsp. fresh chives, chopped
2 tsp. Dijon mustard
1 tsp. white vinegar
2 tbsp. freshly grated parmesan cheese
1/4 C. sour cream
1/2 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
Smoked paprika, to garnish
Instructions: 1. Cook bacon slices until crisp. Drain and allow to cool. Crumble.
2. Slice each of your eggs lengthwise in half, to make 24 halves.
3. Scoop egg yolks out and into a bowl. Mash slightly.
4. Add remaining ingredients to egg yolks, mixing until well combined. If mixture is too thick, add a bit more sour cream, if desired.
5. Evenly divide yolk mixture among your egg white halves. You'll probably need to fill them generously-- it makes a lot of filling!
6. Garnish with paprika. Refrigerate until ready to serve.
Easter Main Dish:
Apricot, Orange, and Rosemary Glazed Roast
The sauce is wonderful on the pork, and the meat comes out moist and fabulous. Serves about 10.
1 (3 lb) pork loin roast, trimmed
1 tsp. salt
3/4 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
3/4 C. apricot preserves
1/4 C. orange marmalade
1/4 C. dry sherry
1 1/2 tbsp. fresh minced rosemary leaves
1/4 tsp. red pepper flakes (optional-- only if you like heat)
3 garlic cloves, minced
Instructions: 1. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F.
2. Sprinkle your roast all over with salt and pepper and place it in a greased 13x9 baking dish.
3. To make the glaze, combine the apricot preserves, marmalade, sherry, fresh rosemary, red pepper flakes (if using), and garlic in a saucepan.
4. Bring to a boil and cook over med-low heat until well combined and thickened slightly, about 10 minutes.
5. Use about 1/3 of your sauce mixture to glaze your pork roast. Reserve remaining sauce.
6. Place glazed roast in the oven and roast, uncovered, about 75-90 minutes, or until a meat thermometer inserted into the thickest part of the meat reads 155 degrees F.
7. Remove roast from oven, tent with foil, and let stand about 20 minutes before slicing.
8. Reheat the remaining sauce (the microwave works a treat!) and pour over sliced roast before serving (or serve on the side and allow your guests to take as much as they like).
Once you've tried this ultra-easy roast, making it will be one of those Easter menu ideas you have every year. Mmm.
Easter Side Dish:
Orzo-Grape Salad with Basil and Toasted Pistachios
The combo of flavors in this Easter menu idea --sweet, tangy, savory, fresh, nutty-- is one that will stick in your guests' heads long after they've hopped on home.
Please note that it's easy to over-toast the pistachios. Take them off the fire right before they're actually done so they don't burn. Serves about 8.
1 lb. orzo pasta, cooked in salted water according to pkg. directions
1 1/2 C. shelled pistachios, divided
1/2 C. walnut oil
2 garlic cloves, pressed or finely minced
1/3 C. freshly squeezed lemon juice
2 C. red seedless grapes (smallish ones are best)
1 1/4 C. chopped fresh basil (a must!), divided
1/2 tsp. salt, or to taste
1 tsp freshly ground black pepper, to taste
Instructions: 1. First, you'll need to toast 1 cup of pistachios in the walnut oil. To do this, combine 1 C of pistachios and the 1/2 C. walnut oil in a small skillet.
2. Heat together over low heat until pistachios begin to toast a little. Don't let it get too hot, as it'll ruin the flavor of the oil. Stir in the pressed garlic. Cook one minute. Remove from heat.
3. Drain the cooked orzo well, then transfer into a large mixing bowl.
4. Stir in the oil/pistachio/garlic mixture.
5. Stir in the lemon juice. Stir in the grapes and 3/4 C. of the basil.
6. Add salt and pepper.
7. Cover and chill at least 8 hours, best overnight. Taste for seasoning and add a bit more salt and pepper if needed.
8. Garnish each serving with remaining pistachios and basil.
A great make ahead Easter menu idea for when you're short on time and want tons of flavor.
Easter Side Dish:
Perfectly Roasted Sugar Snap Peas
My recipe for Perfectly Roasted Sugar Snap Peas can be found on my Traditional Easter Dinner Page. It's a great recipe to use as part of this page's Easter menu ideas.
Easter Side Dish:
Gratin Potatoes with Artichokes and Fresh Thyme
Since this pork roast menu is quite light, I think adding a creamy, rich dish is the best Easter menu idea-- it gives your Easter dinner a decadent feel without weighing your poor guests down. It also tastes elegant and very special without being work-intensive at all.
Serves about 8.
3/4 C. finely minced onion
3 garlic cloves, pressed or minced
2 lbs. russet potatoes, peeled and sliced very thin (1/4" or so)
1 tbsp. chopped fresh thyme
1 1/2 tsp. salt
1 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
2 (8 oz each) jars marinated artichoke hearts, drained, quartered
1 1/2 C. whipping cream
1 1/2 C. half & half cream
1 C. freshly shredded parmesan
Instructions: 1. Preheat the oven to 400 degrees F. Generously butter a 13x9" casserole dish.
2. Sprinkle onions and garlic into the bottom of your baking dish.
3. Arrange half of the potato slices neatly on top of your onions and garlic. Sprinkle potato mixture with half of thyme, salt, and pepper.
4. Arrange half of your artichoke hearts on top.
5. Sprinkle half the parmesan over.
6. Repeat steps 3 and 4 once more to make a second layer. Don't add the last of the parmesan yet.
7. Pour cream and half & half evenly over the potatoes. Sprinkle parmesan over.
8. Bake about 1 hour, or until potatoes are completely tender. Remove from oven and let cool about 15-20 minutes before serving.
Easter Dessert:
Country Peach Cobbler
This peach cobbler (click to get the recipe) is ultra easy to throw together and toss in the oven. Be sure to serve it with big scoops of good-quality vanilla ice cream. YUM.
Get more great Easter Menu Ideas at Easter Planning Central!
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Beginning Jan. 1, 2014, the Affordable Care Act requires that all employers must provide access to FDA-approved contraceptive methods for women. Like many religiously affiliated institutions nationwide, Marquette has been granted a religious accommodation, which means that Marquette's health benefits plan and prescription coverage will not change. As of Jan. 1, 2014, to comply with the Affordable Care Act requirement, our third-party administrator for prescription drug coverage, Express- Scripts, will administer and pay for mandated prescription coverage for contraception methods that the university's health benefits plan does not cover.
This update affects all female employees of a reproductive age, as defined by the Affordable Care Act, who utilize the university's medical benefits plan, as well as all employees utilizing Marquette's health benefits plan who have a woman of reproductive age listed as a beneficiary of their plan. Express-Scripts has mailed a letter and a new prescription ID card to affected employees. The new Express-Scripts prescription ID cards can only be utilized to secure and pay for mandated prescription coverage for contraception methods that the university's health benefits plan does not cover.
This process is being used by Marquette to ensure the university is not administering, overseeing or paying for any of the mandated prescription contraceptive methods that were not previously part of its health benefits plan and are now required to be provided under the Affordable Care Act.
For some routine maintenance prescription drugs, you can elect to participate in Express Scripts by mail. This program allows you to purchase your prescription drugs in bulk, you may even save money while participating in this program. There is no coverage for prescription drugs dispenses by any other mail-order service other than through Express Scripts family of Pharmacies. To order a prescription drug from Express Scripts follow the instructions below:
Brand-name drug is medication that is available only from its original
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Generic drugs contain the same active ingredients and are manufactured to the
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medications may differ in color, size, or shape.
Step therapy encourages the prescribing of generic drugs to lower the costs of
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communications to members and physicians.
The detail of the prescription benefit is contained in the official Plan document. This site is meant to only cover highlights of the prescription benefit. It does not contain all of the details that are included in the Summary Plan Description (SPD) (as described by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act). If there is ever a question about this plan, or if there is a conflict between the information on this site and the formal language of the Plan documents, the formal wording in the Plan documents will govern. Please note that the benefits described on this site may be changed at any time and do not represent a contractual obligation on the part of Marquette University.


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Feminism | Posted by janedoe225 on 03/11/2011
There is a married woman and her husband works long nights and doesn't return until the early morning. When her husband is away, the wife gets dressed up and goes to an island where she has affairs with random men. When these men get too close to her, like if they want to take their affair to the next level, she purposely gets in fights with them. Then she takes the ferry back home before her husband arrives. She's also really drunk.
So one night she does her usual routine. She goes to the island, has sex with a guy and then acts like a jerk so they can break up. As she is on her way back to the ferry she realizes she doesn't have enough money to get back home. She needs to get home soon before her husband comes back. She asks the ferry captain to let her go on for free. She promises the next time she comes she'll pay double the fare. But the ferry captain tells her no.
The wife goes back to the guy she just broke up with. She's really desperate. But of course they just got in a fight and he refuses to give her any money. She goes to a guy she was with last week, but he is still pretty pissed off and he won't give her any money either.
She really has no option other than to walk home over the bridge. It's really dark at night and she doesn't want to walk home alone. But she takes the chance…and she is raped and killed by a group of thugs.
Who's to blame for the wife being raped?
-the husband
-the wife
-the ferry captain
-ex number one
-ex number two
-the thugs
When my psychology teacher told my class this story for the first time, every single hand went up for the wife–including me. And everyone's reason was the same: if she wasn't slutting it up in the first place she wouldn't have been raped.
So then my teacher changed the story a bit. What if she didn't have a husband? What if she wasn't having affairs with other men; she has a baby at home and the baby sitter has an emergency and had to leave. Would we still blame her? Most of our answers changed, but there were still a few that blamed the wife.
Basically the just world hypothesis is: The fundamental attribution error is based on the assumption that bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people.
Of course the wife was raped! She was a bad person, a lying slut, and she deserved it! If she were more careful, if she were sober, this wouldn't have happened.
This makes no sense because, for a lack of a better description, a variety of people are raped. Rape victims range in age, sex/gender, race and class. And obviously not everyone who has ever been raped has been drunk or wearing shorts skirts, heels, or anything else that translates into "asking for it."
What happens if you applied that logic to other crimes?
Your car got stolen? What were you thinking driving in a such a shitty neighborhood?
Your house was broken into? Well that's what you get for not having a burglar alarm.
You were robbed? Well you were just asking for it by dressing really flashy.
We blame the victim, so we can distance ourselves from the possibility of bad things ever happening to us. It can never happen to us because we're smart, we follow the rules, we know better.
If you repeat this a million times it seems like simple logic. Our ideal society claims rape is bad, but in our real culture only 6% of rapists ever see a day in jail.
Rape myths permeate our society and it spreads more thanks to forces like misogyny, racism, ableism, classism etc etc.
Like I mentioned before, dressing like a "slut" isn't a social norm, it isn't socially acceptable. But slut shaming mostly applies to women. It is socially acceptable for a man to have more sexual partners and engage in casual sex. When women break this social scripts, they are called sluts, whores and promiscuous. Furthermore, women are expected to be pristine and virginal.
Next, you have to examine the stereotypes pushed as truth by the dominate culture. Men just can't control themselves. The stereotype is that men always want sex. So if a man sees a woman dressed like a slut, who shouldn't be dressed like one any way because it's a breaking culture mores, of course he is going to sexually assault her.
When women are harassed on the streets, for some fucked up reason, it is supposed to be considered a compliment. Men feel entitled to approach you on the street, a bar, or book store to invade your personal space. He just wants to talk to you.
Rape has nothing to do with sex. It's about power and it's about violence.
Common rape myths:
Myth: Rape is sex.
Fact: Rape is experienced by the victims as an act of violence. It is a life-threatening experience. One out of every eight adult women has been a victim of forcible rape. (National Victim Center and Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, 1992) While sexual attraction may be influential, power, control and anger are the primary motives. Most rapists have access to a sexual partner. Gratification comes from gaining power and control and discharging anger. This gratification is only temporary, so the rapist seeks another victim.
Myth: Women incite men to rape.
Fact: Research has found that the vast majority of rapes are planned. Rape is the responsibility of the rapist alone. Women, children and men of every age, physical type and demeanor are raped. Opportunity is the most important factor determining when a given rapist will rape.
Myth: There is a "right way" to respond to a rape situation.
Fact: Since rape is life-threatening and each rapist has his own pattern, the best thing a victim can do is follow her instincts and observe any cues from the rapist. If the victim escapes alive she has done the right thing.
Myth: A victim should be discouraged from dwelling on the rape. She should "forget it".
Fact: This advice generally comes from people who are more concerned with their own feelings than the victim's. All victims should be offered the opportunity to talk about the assault with those personally close to them and knowledgeable professionals. Victims who are not allowed to talk about the rape have a much more difficult time recovering form it.
Mores facts about rape:
Approximately 2/3 of rapes were committed by someone known to the victim.
73% of sexual assaults were perpetrated by a non-stranger.
38% of rapists are a friend or acquaintance.
28% are an intimate.
7% are a relative.
Read other posts about: Feminism, fundamental attribution error, gender stereotypes, harassment, promiscuity, rape, rape sentencing, rape victims, rapists, slut, slut shaming, stereotypes, street harassment, victim blaming, virgin-whore dichotomy
Post Your Comment
What Is Rape Culture? « medium – wenn schon n3rd, dann richtig! @ at 11:15 am, March 11th, 2011
[…] What Is Rape Culture? GA_googleFillSlot("468x60_chameleon"); […]
Katherine C. @ at 11:57 am, March 11th, 2011
Good, thorough post. Well done!
Allie @ at 12:12 pm, March 11th, 2011
i agree with you 100%. we have to get rid of these gender roles they are doing nothing for women and MEN! when you limit yourself because of what society tell you to be, you are missing out on a lot. now some may get mad at me for saying this but i do not agree with dressing in ridiculously revealing cloths,wearing booty shorts and stripper cloths, but i do not think that it warrants rape. and also there are a lot of definitions of dressing "slutty" my grandma buys me shirts that start at the neck because she does not believe in anything shorter.
Allie @ at 12:14 pm, March 11th, 2011
also like to add, i am not for slut shaming. i hate it when people compaire women who have regular casual sex like a man to a prostitute it very much annoys me because their is a difference. prostitutes do it for money, not sexual pleasure, they become sexual objects, women who have casual sex want to get laid, no questions asked, they need to get some, they are being sexual beings like men. that to me is a huge difference. i only say this because some stupid troll tried to compare the two and it made me angry!
Allie @ at 12:15 pm, March 11th, 2011
and no i do not think a women who is a prostitute should get raped, for those who want to twist my words!
Lolita @ at 2:34 pm, March 11th, 2011
am I the only one who thing the whole thing was . . silly and that of course the thugs were to blame?
Natalia @ at 3:16 pm, March 11th, 2011
I agree with you completely.
I would never blame the wife but I would definitely think that she was at the wrong place at the wrong time. And maybe if she had stayed home just that one night, she would have survived
But I blame it on the rapists and even the ferry captain and her ex boyfriends. Not because it's their job as "men" but because that's what you do as a human being.
NWOslave @ at 3:55 pm, March 11th, 2011
2009 307,006,550 3,465.5 429.4 3,036.1 5.0 28.7
Here is the actual number of rapes taken from the "UCR Crime Statistics" which stands for United State Crime Rate. 2009 is the year, 307,006,550 is the population and the last number 28.7 is the number of forcible rapes per 100,000 people.
So if 1/2 are women 50,000 and we divide that by 28.7, 50,000/28.7= 1742. That means the true number is 1 in 1742 which in no way can translate into 1 in 8.
No one is argueing rape is not a horrible crime, these men should be beaten to within an inch of their lives a imprisoned for 20 years.
Worse then this stat is the often used 1 in 4 women in college are raped along with the gospel truth of 90% of women don't report rapes. Colleges these days run about 60% women and 40% men. So if there are 1000 student 600 are women and 25%, 150 reported being raped but an additional 90%, 1350 didn't report being raped and thats a total of 1500. Now say 10% of the 400 men are rapists, that means 40 men rape 1500 times. Which means each of these men commits 37.5 rapes while in college.
This article futher states, "Research has found that the vast majority of rapes are planned." Are you kidding me? I guess if you commit 37.5 rapes in college you're gonna need some damn good mastermind planning allright.
I guess if the above stats were true we would live in a rape culture. Picture this father/daughter moment…Father, "Well sweetie it looks like you're graduating college." Daughter, "No daddy please!" Father, "Thats right little lady time to make a woman out of you, off to college." Daughter, "No daddy please don't make me go!!!" Think about it, it's insane. No one would ever send their daughter to college and no woman would want to go.
This article also states, "Rape has nothing to do with sex. It's about power and it's about violence." If a thief steals it's about theft, If a murderer kills it's about death, if a vandal vandalizes it's about vandalizing. They all had "power" to commit a crime but it's about that particular crime NOT power. Rape is about sex, because if there is no sex there is no rape.
Can't you see how I'm trying to help you? If you tell an individual man or men in general that 1 in 1500 women are raped, we're going to say, let's lock these pieces of shit up so they never see the light of day. If you tell us 1 in 4 or 1 in 8 women are raped, and I know 160 women which means between 20 and 40 of them should've been forcible raped yet none have been…So if a woman is raped for real, these men who've been told this lie and easily deduced it was a lie might just think she's part of the bogus stat and say well it was just a lovers tiff.
Here's a stat you might not know about, every time men have to listen some lie about living in a "rape culture" we become a little more sceptical. How readily should I put myself in danger to stop a rape in progress when the following day I might read or hear on the news some woman spouting off how "all men are potential rapists?"
Do you now see how I'm helping you? I might risk my life to save you from a burning building, but if I'm continually demonized as a potential rapist, I might not.
Paul S. @ at 5:30 pm, March 11th, 2011
Students at the George Washington University have recently been in conflict with the student newspaper over rape culture: http://thesecondsexcolumn.wordpress.com/2011/02/14/the-one-where-they-take-down-the-hatchet-sady-doyle-style/
Hecuba @ at 6:08 pm, March 11th, 2011
Fact is rape is about male sexual power and men's belief in their right of sexual access to any woman/girl 24/7. That is why men who commit rape commonly claim 'but I didn't rape her I just used a little pressure.' Why? Because men are socialised by our male supremacist society to believe it is their innate right to have sexual access to any woman and furthermore male sexuality continues to be defined as one wherein a male dominates and controls the female. He decides when, if and how he will initiate sexual contact and what the woman wants are irrelevant – instead she can either submit or refuse. If she refuses the man commonly ignores her and forces her to submit to his demands. That is our rape culture – a society wherein men are told it is their innate right to have sexual access to any woman – provided she is not the property of some other male.
Therefore only certain 'rapes' are real rapes because all the other 'rapes' are just acts of normal male sexual entitlement to women and their bodies. That is why women still do not have sexual autonomy or ownership of their bodies because they are supposedly men's sexual property.
Read Rus Funk's book Stopping Rape because he writes from a male perspective and he shows how men are socialised into believing they have innate right of sexual access to women and/or girls.
The Raisin Girl @ at 6:59 pm, March 11th, 2011
This has got to be the most concise explanation of rape culture I have ever seen. Facebook sharing this.
Andrew Pelt @ at 7:28 pm, March 11th, 2011
If I were you, I would optimize this blog more. So more people will come and enjoy your nice posts. Thanks.
Halle @ at 11:29 pm, March 11th, 2011
Great article but when I read the situation and the subsequent question about whose fault it was I immediately thought the people who raped her. Her previous actions led no way into being raped- just because someone does something bad doesn't mean something bad must also happen to them. I don't understand why anyone would blame the wife. Yes, it was her fault she was walking along the dark bridge, but ultimately she didn't incite the rape.
Quinc @ at 2:10 am, March 12th, 2011
As I understand it these seemingly absurdly high statistics come from studies where they ask men and women "Have you ever been forced or coerced into sex?" or "Have you ever forced or coerced someone into sex?" or a variant. I think few would say yes if you used the word rape, but you'd be surprised.
1 in 4 men in Southern Africa, apparently. Feel free to scream
A feminist blog, there's also a book version, discusses a pair of similar studies in detail. Has the specific questions asked in bold halfway. A little over 6% said yes.
I remember (but can't find the link) that there was a study on a college campus where 1 in 4 women said yes, which matches the statistic many feminists use. There was a controversy as some journalist debated the definition of rape used. But really how else do you define rape other than "Forced or coerced sex?" or "Sex without clear minded consent?"
I think another important element of rape culture is that we don't always call forced or coerced sex "rape".
The idea is that women submit to the man's sexual desire rather than her own. Often whether or not a guy gets laid is a matter of how awesome he is, and not what the woman wants. We need to change this thinking.
Sargasso Sea @ at 5:32 pm, March 12th, 2011
"U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (1999) estimated that 91% of rape victims are female and 9% are male, with 99% of the offenders being male."
Perhaps you could add this rape statistic to the list as well? I think it is important to always remember who is perpetrating these crimes upon women, children and men too.
Teasaidh @ at 2:29 am, March 14th, 2011
Regarding NWOslave's comment: "…the true number is 1 in 1742 which in no way can translate into 1 in 8."
The statistic 1 in 8 refers does not refer to the number of women who are raped in any given year, but to the number of women living who have ever been raped in their lifetimes.
If you are lucky enough to know 160 women who have never been raped, consider yourself lucky. Or consider that they may not be telling you everything about their lives.
Rachel @ at 12:17 am, March 15th, 2011
"Men just can't control themselves. The stereotype is that men always want sex. So if a man sees a woman dressed like a slut, who shouldn't be dressed like one any way because it's a breaking culture mores, of course he is going to sexually assault her."
We continue to fight this stereotype; we know that men are capable of living their lives without sexually assaulting women. Yet somehow, feminists get called "man-haters". Something doesn't add up. I think the real man-haters are the ones who think so little of men they they honestly believe men can't help but rape women.
Adrien Gogh @ at 7:05 am, March 15th, 2011
I know what you mean about the victim being blamed, I am a serious appreciator of music (I have been categorized as "addicted") so the day I got on the bus and looked for my I-pod and realized IT WASN'T THERE! I completely freaked, I called everybody I knew would help. But when I called the school board they said "they would handle it tomorrow" yeah right! It would have been on the other side of the planet by tomorrow, for all I knew. Luckily there were some after-school activities on that day and the person who had stolen my I-pod was attending. And yes I knew it was Stolen, I mean it's my most valuable belonging, I can't live without it. The I-pod was found and returned to me the next day; the person who had stolen it didn't even get blamed because she insisted that it wasn't her. But the thing that actually made me fell mad was that the principle told me "It was my fault, for bringing it to school." I mean I only take it out of its case on the bus, and at school it is (and always will be) safely tucked in a secret corner of my satchel. So yeah I got blamed for being a music addict, for being me.
Mädchenmannschaft » Blog Archive » "Die EU-weite Quote wird kommen wie das Amen in der Kirche" – Kurz Notiert @ at 7:57 am, March 16th, 2011
[…] F-Bomb lest ihr einen sehr guten Überblicksartikel zu Vergewaltigungsmythen und rape […]
Ankhe @ at 2:06 pm, July 5th, 2011
You're right. Rape is always exclusively the rapist's fault. Nothing can induce forcing someone to submit to unwanted sex, period.
Those who say "bad things happen to bad people" or "she looked for it" are forgetting CHILDREN get raped. How could a child be other than innocent and unknowing? Rapists do seek power, domination. The only thing that entices them is the availability of the victim, its helplessness. They behave EXACTLY like predators (those always go for the weakest prey of the herd).
Also, rape has always been a weapon against vanquished enemies, a way to assert domination.
No, it is not about sex.
The sexual kick derived from raping is extremely poor. The rapist's thrill comes from the fear, the rejection, the pain and distress of the victim. Rapists are, at their core, sadists. It's a true perversion, something no sane man would ever stoop to.
In the story you presented, there is only one culprit: the gang of thugs.
And the answer. | The Life and Times of an Indian Homemaker @ at 2:15 am, February 4th, 2012
[…] the last post I asked a question. Please click here to find out how right or not so right your answers […]
In Rape Culture, we understand that if the rapist was living alone, away from his native place, he could lose control over himself. | The Life and Times of an Indian Homemaker @ at 2:14 am, February 5th, 2012
[…] Examine the stereotypes pushed as truth – Men just can't control themselves. The stereotype is that men always want sex. [Link] […]
Explaining the Art of, "Stop and END" « College Artist Corner @ at 3:48 pm, March 25th, 2012
[…] What Is Rape Culture?: http://thefbomb.org/2011/03/what-is-rape-culture/ […]
"In Rape Culture, we understand that if the rapist was living alone, away from his native place, he could lose control over himself." By IHM « CSA Awareness Month @ at 6:43 am, April 13th, 2012
[…] Examine the stereotypes pushed as truth – Men just can't control themselves. The stereotype is that men always want sex. [Link] […]
Lilian @ at 4:40 pm, November 9th, 2013
In the beginning, you sortof almost mention that IF someone were to wear a short skirt, with a shirt that says; DARE to rape me!' that it would be your own fault…
I dont know if I read that wrong…but rape is unwanted sex. So even if you're halfway in the middle of having 'nice' sex, and you change your mind, it can become rape… Rape is NEVER the victims fault, never never never….
And it's important to keep mentioning that, because most victims tell themselves they probably made a misstake, when they actually did not.


text:
[Excerpted from Marine Corps History on MarineLink the Official Homepage of the United States Marine Corps]
The United States, from 1950-53, came to the aid of South Korea in response to an invasion by North Korea. The war with the Communist-backed North Koreans ended with a military stalemate and with the restoration of the original political system within the two countries. This was one of the first entanglements that helped to fuel the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
During the war, 424,000 Marines served. Of these, more than 4,500 gave their lives for their country. An additional 26,000 received wounds that were not mortal.
"The Navy and Marines have never shone more brightly than this morning." General of the Army Douglas S. MacArthur as he observed the amphibious assault from the sea at Inchon, Korea, September 15, 1950.
On June 25, 1950, 75,000 men of the North Korean Army crossed the 38th parallel and invaded their southern neighbor. American forces in Korea were limited to the 500-man Korean Military Advisory Group. U.S. naval forces in the western Pacific consisted of less than three dozen ships, half of them submarines and mine sweepers. U.S. forces stationed in Japan, hastily thrown into battle, were overwhelmed by July 5.
Eight days after the invasion, 24 U.S. and Royal Navy ships entered North Korean waters and aircraft from the carriers Valley Forge and HMS Triumph struck rail lines, airfields, and bridges near the North Korean capital of Pyongyang.
During July and August, American and allied navies arrived on station off the Korean peninsula. In addition to Navy aircraft, four squadrons of Marine Corps aircraft, plus U.S. Air Force fighters were embarked on carriers for the transit from California to Korea.
Limited air power, and the few infantry units deployed to Korean could not slow the North Korean offensive. The Fleet Marine Force, cut drastically from a WWII high of 300,000, had only 27, 656 men.
General Clifton B. Cates, Commandant of the Marine Corps, was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to deploy the 1st Marine Division to Korea by mid-September. However, short of equipment and with only 8,000 men, Cates requested President Truman to mobilize all reserve elements of the Marine Corps and attached Navy medical personnel to bring the division to wartime strength of 22,000.
Within a month 33,000 men, the entire Marine Corps ground Reserve, 138 units, were ordered to active duty. And, with them, nine Marine Corps Reserve fighter and ground intercept aircraft squadrons were ordered up. By August 1, American and Allied forces were defending south of the Naktong River, to a pocket known as the Pusan Perimeter. The U.S. Eighth Army was reinforced by the Army's 2nd Infantry Division and the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade comprised of the 5th Regimental Combat Team of the 1st Marine Division and Marine Aircraft Group 33.
The last North Korean attack on the Pusan Perimeter was blunted by the Marine Brigade in early September. But, the beleaguered force could not advance. MacArthur envisioned an amphibious assault behind the North Korean lines to drive a wedge into the North Korean lines and initiate an Allied offensive: Operation Chromite.
"We shall land at Inchon and I shall crush them!" said MacArthur to his planners.
The port of Inchon on the west coast of Korea was key, but there were formidable obstacles to be overcome, both for the Marines in the landing force, and the amphibious transports and gunfire support ships. Approaches from the Yellow Sea were narrow, tides had a daily range of 32 feet, and there were no landing beaches; only piers, docks, sea walls, and mud flats.
There were less than two months to plan Operation Chromite.
The 1st Marine Division's 5th Regimental Combat Team was pulled from the line at Pusan in early September, and eight days later embarked transports for Inchon. September 12, gunfire support ships, cruisers and destroyers navigated Flying Fish Channel and for three days shelled Pusan, and Wolmi Do island, a choke point which dominated the harbor.
Return fire from the North Koreans inflicted casualties and damaged several of the gunfire support ships. Carrier-based Navy and Marine Corps Panther jets, and prop driven Skyraiders and Corsairs strafed, bombed, and destroyed targets.
Reconnaissance of the approaches and islands of Flying Fish Channel began on September 1, led by the "Blackbeard of Yonghung Do," Navy Lieutenant Eugene F. Clark, with an intelligence team of South Koreans. The team conducted raids, collected intelligence, and went head-on, sampan-to-sampan, in close quarters gunfire exchanges with North Korean troops.
D-Day, midnight, September 15, Clark relighted the beacon on the Palmi Do island lighthouse. The beam guided the advance naval elements of the amphibious assault force threading the dangerous approach to Inchon. At 5:20 a.m., the amphibious force dropped anchor and embarked Marines loaded onto landing craft at the order, "Land the Landing Force."
The first objective was Wolmi Do Island. Joined by a causeway to the city of Inchon, the island had to be overrun quickly to protect successive assault waves. Corsairs from VMF-214 and VMF-323 covered the landing craft assault by G, H and I companies, 3rd Battalion, of the 5th Marines. Coxswains grounded their craft and the assault was on. Successive waves landed additional Marines and tanks.
Phase one of the operation was over by 8 a.m. Wolmi Do was secured at the cost of 17 U.S. personnel wounded. There were only a few North Korean survivors. MacArthur sent a message to Task Force 90: "The Navy and Marines have never shone more brightly than this morning." To the Joint Chiefs in Washington he sent, "First Phase landing successful with losses slight. All goes well and on schedule."
The Marines on Wolmi Do dug in, and the men of the task force waited out the eight hours as the tide changed before the second phase of the assault began. Seabees of Naval Beach Group 1, the Amphibious Construction Battalion, arrived on the rising tide at Wolmi Do to build a pontoon dock and causeway.
Other Seabees filed across the island and dug in with the Marines. They moved into Inchon and surveyed the sea walls and harbor facilities during the assault on the city.
2:45 p.m., and "Land the landing force" had Marines of the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 5th Marines, boarding landing craft. Blue and Red Beaches were their objectives.
5:30 p.m. was H hour at Red Beach, and the eight landing craft of the first wave crossed the line of departure and bore in for the sea wall. Close air support and naval gunfire paved the way for the Marines.
Coxswains rammed their landing craft against the sea wall at Red Beach. Wooden scaling ladders went up and Marines assaulted. North Korean automatic weapons fire killed and wounded Marines and pinned others down at the sea wall.
First Lieutenant Baldomero Lopez, 3rd platoon leader, A Company, 5th Marines, landed with the second wave and scaled the sea wall to lead an assault on two pillboxes. He silenced the first position with a grenade. As he pulled the pin on a second he was critically wounded. The armed grenade fell from his hand. Lopez, a Naval Academy graduate and son of an orphaned Spanish immigrant, smothered the explosion with his body. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.
Invasion force LSTs, the Navy's Tank Landing Ships, loaded with equipment and munitions for the Marines, were positioned to move in as warehouses for the assault force. As the Marines made their way across their objectives, eight LST's positioned to support the assault on Red Beach crossed the line of departure and ran for the beach under fire from North Korean positions.
Ammunition trucks on LST 914 were threatened by fire and gasoline drums on LST 857 were riddled and leaking. The ships pressed forward to the beach and lowered their bow ramps disgorging men, vehicles and supplies. At Blue Beach, American and British warships pounded the high ground beyond the beach, while 25 waves of assault craft formed. There were more than 170 LVT's, tracked and armored troop carriers, carrying the Marines.
Lead by Navy Underwater Demolition Teams in guide boats, the first wave crossed the line of departure at 4:45 p.m. The first three waves hit their mark, and units moved forward. Following waves of amtracks were thrown off course by cross currents. Some units landed two miles from their designated beaches. But, the objectives were taken and American casualties for D-Day were far below predictions.
Navy doctors and corpsmen treated 174 wounded, and 14 non-hostile injuries. There were 21 killed in action, one man was listed as missing. By mid-evening, reinforcements, armor, artillery, and supplies were pouring across the causeway constructed by the Seabees, and down the ramps of LSTs. Within a day the beachhead was expanded, Inchon was secured, Kimpo airfield seized, and North Korean counterattacks against the advancing Marines of the 1st Division were blunted.
The bold amphibious assault at Inchon opened the road for the breakout of the Eighth Army from Pusan and the liberation of Seoul two weeks later.
On June 25, 1950, the North Korean Army--organized, equipped, and abetted by the Soviet Union--lunged across the 38th Parallel to subdue its countrymen to the south. This flagrant action impelled President Harry S. Truman to commit U.S. forces, unprepared as they were, to the defense of South Korea. The United Nations Security Council simultaneously called upon member states to do likewise. Twenty other nations were to heed that call, fifteen providing combat units and five, medical support. For the only time in its history the United Nations authorized establishment of a multi-national force, flying its banner, to repel communist aggression, and requested the United States to provide the Commander. General of the Army Douglas MacArthur was appointed Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command.
The North Korean offensive drove the defenders to the southeast corner of the peninsula. There, the Pusan perimeter was established and reinforced by American divisions, held in bitter battles. That stout defense made possible a brilliantly conceived amphibious landing at Inchon which enveloped the over-extended North Korean army and recaptured the capital city of Seoul. UN forces advanced north to compel capitulation of the aggressor and set the stage for the long-delayed reunification of the Korean people. But these laudable aims were to be denied.
Massive intervention of the Chinese Communist Forces in November 1950 profoundly altered the nature of the war. Savaged by vastly superior numbers and ill-equipped for combat in sub-zero weather, the UN forces retreated to a line well south of Seoul, regrouped, and by March 1951 had fought back to the 38th Parallel. In April and May, the Chinese launched successive major offensives to drive the UN forces from the peninsula. They were repelled at staggering cost to the attackers.
With battle lines now astride the pre-invasion boundary, proof that aggression had failed, negotiations were initiated to terminate armed hostilities. Opposing forces remained locked in combat, at great loss of lives, for the two years required to forge a Military Armistice Agreement, effective July 27, 1953. In the absence of a political settlement, that agreement still regulates the de facto boundary between the two Koreas.
When the guns fell silent over the war-torn Korean peninsula, the final tally evidenced cost beyond measure in life, limb, and material treasure. Many questioned the value of our involvement. Four decades later, an independent, economically prosperous nation of 44 million people--scene of the greatest ever Olympiad--stands free. What a better answer! Truly a VICTORY for all time, replacing the history book image of the forgotten war with a well-deserved remembered victory.
Moreover, the war's consequences extended well beyond Korea. They were measured by dramatic changes to the shape and content of post-WWII national security policy:
--America would not be caught off guard again. We are determined to maintain multi-service forces of requisite power to deter Soviet aggression at all levels.
--The political and military components of NATO were greatly strengthened to make it the principal instrument for maintaining the security and confidence of Western Europe.
--Collective security arrangements were forged by bilateral and multi-lateral treaties with the free nations of Asia. Buttressed by substantial U.S. presence and aid, they ensured the stability and forward progress of the entire Pacific Rim.
The resultant strategic posture, coupled with national resolve, contained the Soviet empire for decades and planted the seeds for the demise of communism.
Following their assault at Inchon, and the subsequent liberation of Seoul, the 1st Marine Division was ordered to conduct a second amphibious operation to occupy Wonsan, the principal seaport of North Korea. The landing at Wonsan, which began on October 26, was the foreword to one of the most dramatic chapters in Marine Corps history.
Sweeping in from the sea, the 71 Navy transports packed with the 28,000 Marines, waited for a week off Wonsan while Navy frogmen of the underwater demolition teams and mine sweepers cleared the landing area. The Marines came ashore standing up, an administrative landing. The North Koreans were gone, the city had fallen to Allied ground forces, and Bob Hope had already put on a USO show.
The respite from combat would last less than two days.
MacArthur's planners had called for United Nations forces to push forward to the Manchurian border, securing North Korea in a three-pronged drive to the Yalu River. The war is very definitely coming to an end shortly, stated MacArthur while he watched the operation unfold. With the closing of that trap there should be an end to organized resistance.
Units of the 1st Division were ordered forward to occupy the Chosin and Fusen Reservoirs. Other elements of the division were dispersed over 300 miles to link with Allied units. Intelligence reports stated that North Korean forces were on the run, disorganized and would offer only token resistance in the face of the Allied advance. Maybe, the reports speculated, the Chinese or Russians would intervene, but there was no hard evidence.
The reports of the North Korean capabilities were gravely underestimated, and the speculation on potential Chinese involvement was flawed. Determined and organized North Korean attacks were initiated against a battalion of the 1st Marines at the coastal town of Kojo, south of Wonsan, on October 27. Outflanked, outgunned, and faced with well coordinated night attacks on their positions, the Marines called in close air support and artillery.
Two days later, when the action was broken, as the enemy withdrew into the mountains, prisoners revealed that the Marines had been attacked by three battalions of one of the best units in the North Korean army. And there were still up to 7,000 North Koreans in the area.
By mid-November, 1st Marine Division units had been largely consolidated and were repositioned north, northwest of Wonsan from the town of Hamhung to forward positions at the Chosin and Fusen Reservoirs. The division's 7th Marine Regiment, largely comprised of recalled reservists, was the first American unit to go head-to-head with the Chinese on November 3, during a midnight bugle calling and whistle blowing frontal attack near Sudong.
Over the course of the four-day battle the Leathernecks gained less than a mile, as Marine air and artillery pounded in advance of the 7th Regiment. Chinese casualties were estimated at almost 9,000. There were 300 wounded and dead Marines. American intelligence estimates continued to place little confidence in Korean refugee reports describing masses of as many as 50,000 Chinese troops in the mountains. Unseen, there were eight Chinese divisions hidden within striking range of the Marines.
Before Thanksgiving, the 1st Marine Division and other United Nations forces were ordered forward to the vicinity of the North Korean and Manchurian borders bounded by the Yalu River. The forward Marine elements at the Chosin Reservoir were 125 miles south of the border. Before they could move out they needed critical supplies. The Marines' main supply route from their rear support base at Hamhung to the Chosin was 56 miles, and over this lifeline needed to flow the lifeblood of men and materials. A bitter, sub-freezing winter had set in, glazing the roadway with ice, freezing streams, and layering the ground with hard-crusted snow.
Engineers improved the road, installed culverts and plans were made for a 5,000-foot airstrip at Hagaru-ri. Air dropped supplies could satisfy some, but not all of the needs.
MacArthur ordered the advance to the Yalu for November 24, and units of the 1st Division moved north on the west side of the Chosin Reservoir through fields of snow. Aerial reconnaissance reported paths left by large numbers of footprints, but no large enemy forces were seen.
First contact came on November 27, between elements of the 5th Marines and Chinese forces. On the 25th, Chinese forces had thrown massed assaults against the U.S. Eighth Army and the X Corps, and II Republic of Korean Corps who were also advancing on the Yalu. Massed Chinese assaults cut the Marines' main supply route separating the 5th and 7th Regiments from the rest of the division. The Eighth Army was by now in retreat, and the two isolated regiments were threatened with being overrun. The Chinese commanders elected to throw the weight of their attack not against the fragmented United Nations units, but against the 1st Marine Division, the only strong concentration of forces.
The Division concentrated their firepower in four defensive perimeters: Yudam-ni, Hagaru-ri, Koto-ri and Chinhung-ni. By dawn of November 28, faced with the grim reality of a determined enemy, and 20 degree below zero temperatures, every man went online with a weapon. With the reality of the situation and heavy attacks by the Chinese on November 28, there was noone echoing the phrase repeated during the landing at Wonsan: We'll be home by Christmas.
Fighting at the defensive perimeter was initiated at Yudam-ni, masses of Chinese against companies and platoons of Marines. As an example of the ferocity, what has been described as human tonnage overwhelmed one platoon of the 24 men of Fox Company, 7th Marines, who were holding a critical position at the 4,000 foot high mountain pass on the road to Yudam-ni. That position held for nearly a week, and Captain William E. Barber would later be decorated with the Medal of Honor for heroism.
Marines were forced off fighting positions, but would then counterattack. Headquarters and service support personnel, cooks, clerks, truck drivers, and a host of other non-infantry disciplines, were engaged in close quarters fighting. Marine Corps close air support Corsairs blasted the Chinese at the next dawn, and then shifted to the Koto-ri area 25 miles south where enemy troop concentrations were massing.
In two days the Marines had suffered the equivalent of a battalion in
losses, 1,094 casualties--871 killed, wounded or missing,
the remainder casualties mainly to searing frostbite. The eight Chinese divisions, two armies, at least 80,000 men, were massed along a 25-mile front against the 1st Marine Division.
Distinction between units meant nothing as expressed in the words of Staff Sergeant Alec B. Gault of the 7th Marines who said, "There was the time when there was no outfit...you were a Marine, you were fighting for everybody. There was no more 5th and 7th: you were just one outfit. Just fighting to get the hell out of there!"
The main supply route, broken and overrun at places, was critical for the Marines. The positions, like Koto-ri, had to be held, and hold they did, driving off repeated attacks. Colonel Lewis B. (Chesty) Puller, a Marine Corps legend, led his Marines in holding the ground.
Hagaru, the southern point of the Chosin Reservoir, was the thinly held defensive point for the resupply airstrip. LtCol Thomas L. Ridges, 3rd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment, fought from the hilltops, counterattacking and driving off the Chinese when their positions were overrun.
On November 29, the forward elements of Marines, Royal Marine Commandos and U.S. Army troops who fought their way through from Koto-ri, arrived with supplies. A rear element of the initial column had been turned back under fire. However, the bulk of the convoy had been overrun by the Chinese--130 Marines, soldiers and Royal Marines captured.
With the Chinese attacks repulsed, General Smith's Marines now repaired the airstrip at Hagaru and awaited the December 1 arrival of C-47s which would bring in supplies and evacuate the wounded. As supplies flowed into Hagaru, decimated Army units began to straggle into the Reservoir perimeter, and were placed under General Smith's operational control. About 450 soldiers were issued Marine equipment and formed into a provisional battalion.
After four days on the defensive, the 5th and 7th Regiments took the initiative to break out from the vicinity of Yudam-ni and redeploy to Hagaru. The 1st Battalion of the 7th Regiment would seize the mountain pass and relieve Captain Barber and the men of beleaguered Fox Company. They set out at night on December 1, and linked up with Barber's company before noon on the second. Carrying their wounded, the remainder of the two regiments moved out shortly after daylight on December 2. As they withdrew under cover of air and artillery, swarms of Chinese followed, but, rather than attacking they were diverted to heaps of rubbish which the Marines had discarded.
Close air support missions flown by the Air Force, Marine Corps and Navy provided a continual umbrella of bombs and bullets around the advancing column. And, artillery fire from the perimeter at Hagaru provided an additional steel curtain to cut down attacking Chinese. With their single tank to blast roadblocks, the two regiments fought forward toward LtCol Raymond Davis and his battalion at the pass. The units cleared the pass and moved inside the Hagaru perimeter on the morning of December 3.
Wounded, frostbitten, and ailing Marines, nearly 1,000 men of the 5th and 7th Regiments, were flown out of Hagaru before nightfall to hospitals in Japan. During the prior three days, some 1,750 casualties, most of them Army troops who straggled in from the battles east of the Reservoir, had been evacuated. Before December 9, 4,675 casualties would be evacuated.
The fight from Hagaru to Koto-ri began on December 6, with elements of the 7th again on the road. Units would stage out, and General Smith made the decision to come out in a fighting withdrawal with every piece of salvageable equipment. The provisional Army battalion took the left flank, 2nd Battalion of the 7th was on point, 1st on the right, and 3rd as rear guard. Tanks were up front to blast roadblocks. Overhead were tactical aircraft ready to deliver bombs and bullets in close support. There were an estimated 1,000 vehicles in the column. Only drivers, the wounded and a very few selected by unit commanders rode. Harassed by automatic weapons and mortar fire throughout the day, the column made slow progress while infantry skirmishes erupted.
Chinese troops infiltrated and cut the column at night, and two blown bridges had to be repaired before they reached the Koto-ri perimeter during the morning of December 7.
Supported by 76 aircraft, the 5th regiment fought a rear guard action out of Hagaru against stiff resistance. On the night of December 7, they entered Koto-ri. Air Force C-47 and C-119 transports continued the daisy-chain of resupply and evacuation of the wounded from the airfield at Koto-ri until the morning of December 8, when the regiments of the division and 1,400 vehicles moved out. Two battalions of the 1st Regiment would fight rear guard action.
The 1st Battalion of the regiment deployed forward from Chinhung-ni toward Koto-ri to seize the high ground on the convoy's route of march. During a blinding snowstorm they ran into strong Chinese opposition and took heavy losses before they reached their objective. To compound the threat, the enemy had blown-upa bridge span along the route from Koto-ri at a cliff, which could not be bypassed.
However, on the dawn of December 9, clouds lifted, the snow stopped, sun shone through, and the firepower of Marine Corsairs allowed the 1st Battalion to take their objective. Marine Corps engineers installed an airdropped bridge in three hours, and the column move forward. The first elements of the 7th Marines arrived at Hamhung on the morning of December 10, to hot food and warm tents. The last elements of the division did not arrive until the afternoon of the next day.
For the first time in two weeks, since November 27, the men would sleep without fear of an enemy attack. But, that rest did not come without reflection, thoughts both on what they had done, and for those who had fallen at their side.
Marine Corps losses were heavy. At the four perimeters, more than 700 had died, and there were more than 3,500 wounded and more than 7,000 non-combat casualties. But the Chinese had paid a heavier price--an estimated 25,000 killed, and more than 10,000 wounded.
"These men," said General Smith, "were delivered through their own efforts. They came out as a fighting division, not as survivors. I do not think the thought of failure ever entered anybody's head."