text:
Spiritual Life at EMU
do justice,
love mercy,
and walk humbly
with God.
Read the EMU mission statement and community lifestyle commitment as you consider how to serve Christ on campus.
Together we worship God two times a week during chapel services that are planned by campus pastors and student pastoral assistants. Many students meet on Sunday nights for a time of celebration praise worship led by students. Gospel choir meets weekly and leads worship on and off campus.
To help plan and lead chapel and other campus worship services, complete the chapel participation form.
Prayer life is fostered on campus in a variety of ways. Prayer rooms are available in Northlawn and Maplewood Residence Halls and the seminary building. A prayer labyrinth is located near the gazebo on the hill just above the seminary building.
Each residence hall is staffed with a ministry assistant who facilitates a weekly small group Bible study, sharing time or service activity. Spiritual Life Week is held each semester.
EMU's distinctive cross-cultural program stretches students in their faith formation while immersed in the study and experience of a new culture.Many students incorporate their interest in service, ministry and outreach by joining the Young People's Christian Association (YPCA) and participating in community learning.
EMU professors integrate their faith with instruction, administrators lead from Anabaptist Mennonite beliefs, campus pastors provide encouragement, nurture for faith formation and pastoral care leading to healing and hope.
Grow in your faith by participating in a local congregation, doing a summer of Ministry Inquiry Program, being in a small group or getting involved in other ways.
Eastern Mennonite Seminary, the University's graduate level theological program, also offers opportunities to explore pastoral ministry. All students are welcome to attend classes, lectures, conferences and chapel services hosted by the seminary.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Learning facilitates behavioral plasticity, leading to higher success rates when foraging. However, memory is of decreasing value with changes brought about by moving to novel resource locations or activity at different times of the day. These premises suggest a foraging model with location- and time-linked memory. Thus, each problem is novel, and selection should favor a maximum likelihood approach to achieve energy maximization results. Alternatively, information is potentially always applicable. This premise suggests a different foraging model, one where initial decisions should be based on previous learning regardless of the foraging site or time. Under this second model, no problem is considered novel, and selection should favor a Bayesian or pseudo-Bayesian approach to achieve energy maximization results. We tested these two models by offering honey bees a learning situation at one location in the morning, where nectar rewards differed between flower colors, and examined their behavior at a second location in the afternoon where rewards did not differ between flower colors. Both blue-yellow and blue-white dimorphic flower patches were used. Information learned in the morning was clearly used in the afternoon at a new foraging site. Memory was not location-time restricted in terms of use when visiting either flower color dimorphism.
Many insect nectivores experience changing floral composition in resource patches over their foraging life [
Learning allows foragers to adapt to their changing environment through behavioral plasticity [
On the other hand, the decreasing value of recently acquired information when environmental change occurs is a cost of memory [
Clearly, through learning honey bees visiting a flower patch are able to maximize net energy gain through choices that increase calories consumed [
The first approach is that foraging memory is space-time linked. If so, different locations are treated as new problems, and the initial response is to sample alternative flowers following maximum likelihood principles. The maximum likelihood approach assumes that the forager, when approaching a new problem, uses no prior knowledge of alternative rewards, cues associated with those rewards or energetic costs involved. The sample estimated reward and cost values are used as if they are the true values, since it is the maximum likelihood estimate of those true parameters [
Alternatively, an approach to a novel foraging situation can consider memory information as applicable to all situations regardless of time or location. Different locations are thus not treated as new problems, and the initial response is to base foraging on previously learned relationships until information to the contrary is obtained, which is a Bayesian approach [
Here we report on whether foragers restrict use of reward information linked to a specific time and location in the environment (space-time linked memory), and thus use a maximum likelihood "new problem approach", or whether they apply information learned earlier in different contexts (different location and time) to new situations in a Bayesian type of strategy.
Italian honey bees exhibit very different behaviors depending on the flower colors offered them as cues in the experimental design of two-choice foraging tests. When presented with a blue-yellow dimorphic flower patch where both choices are rewarded, some foragers will exhibit fidelity to blue flowers and others to yellow flowers, even when one color provides a greater reward [
The behavior of foraging Italian honey bees on patches of blue and yellow flowers does not appear to be a result of adaptation to the environment in a specific geographic region [
Foragers appear to differentiate both blue from white and blue from yellow quite well based on fidelity level to a flower color when rewards differ between flower colors [
The honey bee's neurological pathway when dealing with blue-white
The evolutionary underpinnings may have to do with division of labor in a large-colony eusocial species. Although energy maximization on an individual forager basis is not always met, fitness is based on the colony as a whole. Here, including nectar collection from less profitable resources may provide an advantage in what might be likened to a "scorched earth" policy where little is left for competitors. Even so, foragers must recognize that specific flowers in a patch have been pollinated and thus are no longer productive nectar sources. Pollination is often accompanied by a change in flower color towards pallid [
In contrast to the division-of-labor/competition theory, Abramson suggests that honey bees accomplish many of the tasks once thought to be limited to advanced vertebrates in very different cognitive manners [
The details of an experimental flower patch and the level of interaction between the experimenter and the forager can confound levels of flower color constancy. We have concluded that even differences in materials or methods that appear to be minute can be sufficient to elicit differences in behavior in honey bees. This includes whether experimental design allows foragers to walk between flowers, simultaneous or sequential rewards are associated with the CS (conditioned stimulus), and forced sampling even occurs [
Further, even Darwin observed that both honey bees and bumble bees are not confused by the variation of color hues found in a natural patch of flowers of a single species [
All experiments used free-flying honey bees,
The color of a flower was blue, yellow or white. Flower patches consisted of either blue and white or blue and yellow flowers in equal number, randomly arranged with respect to color and position within the array. Flowers of different colors were created by painting the lower surface of all flowers and the outer surface of the Plexiglas tube with blue, yellow or white enamel paint (TestorsTM paint Nos. 1208 blue, 1214 yellow, and 1245 white). The reflectance spectra for the paints, and a color hexagon depicting how these colors are perceived by the honey bee, can be found in Hill
Free-flying honey bees were trained to two feeding locations (1 and 2) for Experiments I–IV. Site 1 was 30 m from the hive and only offered rewards in the morning (900 to 1,100 h Central Daylight Time (CDT)). Site 2 was 60 m from the hive and only offered rewards in the afternoon (1,600 to 1,800 h CDT). The two sites were located 90 degrees apart with respect to the hive: Site 1 was NE and Site 2 NW of the hive (
Flower morphologies used in experiments. Tube flowers (
Most bees trained to the morning experimental site did not visit the afternoon location (about 10% visited both). This is probably not surprising since foragers visiting the morning site could very well be committed already to one or more afternoon sites (crop attached to some other afternoon site) as shown by Wagner
Bees were free to leave and return to the colony at will, and navigated to and from the experimental sites on their own accord. Consequently, foragers in the experiments had varied prior experiences with cues associated rewards, including colors and scents.
Individual bees were uniquely marked by a dot of Testors® paint on the thorax. Those not used in a trial were kept occupied with a "super feeder" 10 m from the flower patch. Any intruder bees were removed from the system. Individuals were allowed to freely choose flowers to visit. The flower sequence that each bee visited during a visit to the flower patch was recorded by an observer. A visit occurred (was recorded by an observer) when a bee completely entered the nectar well to taste the reward offered by a flower, whether or not the reward was consumed. A flower was refilled by the observer when a bee made the next flower choice. Bees foraging on flowers paid no noticeable attention to the observers.
Scheme of geographic layout of the experiment giving the location of the honey bee colony, and experimental sites where flower patches were located (drawn by H.W.).
Four experiments were performed (
The experiment had three treatments. Treatments 1 and 2 were performed at Site 1 in the morning and Treatment 3 at Site 2 in the afternoon. Both morning and afternoon flower patches contained 18 blue and 18 yellow "flat" flowers randomly arranged with respect to color. Both flower colors offered foragers 4 μL of 1 M sucrose with 5 μL/L clove oil in Treatment 1. Foragers were offered the choice of 4 μL of 2 M
Summary of treatments in each experiment. In Treatment 2, one of the two flower colors offered 2 M sucrose reward and the other 1 M sucrose reward. Half of the trials of each experiment were with blue flowers offering the 2 M reward, and the other half of the trials were with the alternative flower color offering the 2 M reward.
|Exp. #
|Flower Colors
|Site 1
|Site 2
|Treatment 1
|Treatment 2
|Treatment 3
|Flower Shape
|Flower Shape
|Flower Shape
|1 M both colors
|1 M both colors
|1 M both colors
|1 M both colors
|1 M both colors
|1 M both colors
|1 M both colors
|1 M both colors
The experimental design for Experiment II was the same as described for Experiment I except for flower morphology (shape) at Site 2 (afternoon). Morning flower patches contained 18 blue and 18 yellow "flat" flowers randomly arranged with respect to color, while afternoon patches contained 18 blue and 18 yellow "tube" flowers randomly arranged as to color. Thus, flowers shared only color similarity in morning and afternoon sites, while the flower shape and reward odor, as well as location and time, differed from the morning site. Nectar rewards in each treatment were the same as those offered in Experiment I. As in Experiment I, reward quality that had varied between the two color choices in Treatment 2 were the same in Treatment 3. Flower choice by a set of bees that had not visited the morning patch was also recorded as an experimental control to test whether morning treatments had an effect on behavior in the afternoon.
Experiment III repeated Experiment I using blue and white for the flower colors instead of blue and yellow. Morphologically, flowers were the same in morning and afternoon flower patches. However, flowers differed in the odor associated with nectar in the afternoon patch. Thus flower color and shape were the same in all three treatments, while the location, time and reward odor varied in Treatment 3. Reward quality was the same in both colors in Treatments 1 and 3. Flower choice by a set of bees that had not visited the morning patch was also recorded as an experimental control to test whether morning treatments had an effect on behavior in the afternoon.
Experiment IV repeated Experiment II using blue and white rather than blue and yellow flowers. Flowers in the afternoon patch differed from those in the morning in shape, as well as odor associated with the reward, time and location. Only the color in the two-choice test was the same in all three treatments, and the reward quality was the same in both choices in Treatments 1 and 3. Flower choice by a set of bees that had not visited the morning patch was also recorded as an experimental control to test whether morning treatments had an effect on behavior in the afternoon.
Forager-type was assigned by the preferred flower color of the first five flowers a bee visited on her first visit to the flower patch (
Next, data from control bees (bees that did not visit the morning flower patch and therefore did not have exposure to treatments 1 and 2) was combined with the corresponding data from Treatment 3 of the experimental bees (bees that were exposed to Treatments 1 and 2). ANOVAs [
In all four experiments flower color choice in the afternoon foraging location was highly predictable from the behavior observed at the morning foraging site. Flower color was remembered from the earlier foraging experience and used in the afternoon at the new location. However, use of flower color in blue-yellow
In Experiment I where odor differed as well as location of morning and afternoon flower patches (
The same behavior was observed when flower shape also differed between morning and afternoon blue-yellow dimorphic flower patches (Experiment II). A significant forager-type effect (F1,11 = 1115.6248,
In both Experiments I and II some bees visited only blue flowers while other bees visited only yellow flowers. Foragers did not respond to the reward differences associated with flower color in Treatment 2 in either experiment. Further, no bee changed flower color fidelity between morning and afternoon flower patches (
When control bees and the corresponding experimental bees from Treatment 3 were combined for comparison, bees showed a type effect in both Experiment I (ANOVA: F1,19 = 894.5421,
Visitation by bees to blue-yellow dimorphic flower patches in Experiment I. Reward odor, site location and time differed between morning and afternoon flower patches. Percentage of blue flowers visited is presented for blue forager-type bees in Panel (
Visitation by bees to blue-yellow dimorphic flower patches in Experiment II. Flower shape as well as reward odor, site location and time differed between morning and afternoon flower patches. Percentage of blue flowers visited is presented for blue forager-type bees in Panel (
However, behavior was context-dependent with respect to flower color. Foraging behavior differed from that observed when bees visited blue-yellow dimorphic patches when blue-white dimorphic flower patches were used. Significant association (MANOVA: F1,25 = 177.0717,
The same behavior was observed in Experiment IV where flower shape also differed between morning and afternoon blue-white flower patches (
In both Experiments III and IV flower choice was random with respect to color in Treatment 1 where flower colors offered identical rewards. Individuals visited both colors in this two-choice test. In Treatment 2, bees favored the flower color that offered the higher molarity sucrose reward in both experiments (
When control bees and the corresponding experimental bees from Treatment 3 were combined for comparison, bees showed an association effect (association in Treatment 2 to blue or white with a higher caloric reward, or to no Treatment 2 for the control) in both Experiment III (ANOVA: F2,46 = 40.4350,
Visitation by bees to blue-white dimorphic flower patches in Experiment III. Reward odor, site location and time differed between morning and afternoon flower patches. Percentage of blue flowers visited is presented for blue forager-type bees in Panel (
Visitation by bees to blue-white dimorphic flower patches in Experiment IV. Flower shape as well as reward odor, site location and time differed between morning and afternoon flower patches. Percentage of blue flowers visited is presented for blue forager-type bees in Panel (
The complexity of the decision process with respect to foraging that emerges in this study is intriguing. Much of the modeling for foraging theory is based on a maximum likelihood approach [
In contrast, the Bayesian model for the same foraging problem assumes that individuals are not naive when approaching a new problem; they have some preconceived expectation of rewards associated with different cues and use preconception to make initial foraging choices [
Bees visiting blue-white flower patches clearly learned which flower color offered the great caloric reward in Treatment 2 (morning site), limiting visitation to that flower color. Further, expectations learned in the morning were used to choose flowers to visit in the afternoon site, even when floral morphology differed greatly. The maximum likelihood model clearly fails to predict observations. Further, our findings dovetail with those of Naug and Arathi [
Nevertheless, our results show that when presented the same problem but with blue and yellow flowers the foragers did not follow a Bayesian approach. Neither did they use a maximum likelihood approach. Here bees receiving a much lower caloric reward fail to act on information that would maximize net caloric gain in Treatment 2 (morning site). Further, foragers maintained their individually based flower color constancy when approaching the new problem at the afternoon site, even when faced with different floral morphology and odor. This may correspond to Waite's description of heuristic rules that are not rational in terms of economics and do not follow either Bayesian or maximum likelihood models [
Our experiments were not designed to test for carryover of working memory or speed of decision making. Honey bee working memory holds information on flower pattern for up to 5 seconds before the accuracy begins to decrease with time delay [
Free-flying bees visiting blue-yellow dimorphic flower patches did not visit flowers randomly with respect to color, even initially. Rather, some bees showed fidelity for yellow flowers and other bees for blue flowers, as has been previously described for one-site color choice tests [
Honey bee colonies shift their foraging force among food sources even within the same day to match the temporal productivity of different floral resources (e.g., [
Only recently have we realized that foragers monitor multiple sites, even when the productive period of some sites overlaps [
The ability to monitor multiple sites has been explained by honey bee use of independent time-linked memory gestalts [
Using a fixed, single rewarding cue [
The ephemeral nature of working memory [
In contrast to the behavior seen on blue-yellow flower patches, bees visiting blue-white patches visited flowers randomly with respect to color in the morning when rewards did not differ between flower colors. When presented flowers that differed in reward in Treatment 2 in the morning, bees readily learned to restrict visits to the flower color offering the greater reward, whether white or blue, thus maximizing energy resources. This behavior has been reported for bees in one-site choice tests when costs [
Visiting two or more foraging locations in nature each day seems to be common [
Even though floral color is well-established as the primary cue used by honey bees in discrimination tests (e.g., [
Our data show that bees do not limit memory use to a specific space and time. Since foragers showed learning between treatments, the blue-white dimorphic flower patch data suggest that bees use a Bayesian like approach to novel foraging situations.
The results we observed reflect pollinator activity in some natural environments where bees confuse flower species based on floral color similarity [
Floral deception may succeed because plants are able to exploit bees that have not learned which species do not produce rewards. However, this explanation poses a dilemma as long as flower discrimination is essential for optimal exploitation of food sources [
Bees in this study treated memory information as initially applicable to all situations regardless of time or location. They did not approach different locations as new problems, and their first response was to base foraging on previously learned relationships until information to the contrary was incidentally gained. This approach to foraging problems, rather than an energy maximization approach with strictly linked time and spatial memory, facilitates the evolution of angiosperm deception.
Selection might favor rapid forgetting in foragers that exploit short-term, spatially unpredictable resources, but favor lasting memory retention in foragers exploiting long-term predictable resources [
Memory consolidation in bees may be an adaptation to exploit the floral landscape [
The behavior of foragers we observed also has some similarity to that reported in agricultural settings. Agricultural work with honey bees has shown foragers to become "
Crop attachment may be a foraging alternative strategy to energy maximization for honey bees. Once in this mode, sampling ceases as long as an "acceptable" rate of reward is obtained. Time between morning and afternoon patch productivity may be important in this switch to a crop attached foraging mode since honey bee foragers can clearly learn to switch flower color fidelity several times in an experiment performed at one time if they are not constrained by color options, or if rewarded color choices are presented singularly [
Of course, honey bees are not the only agriculturally important pollinator or even always the most effective (e.g., [
We thank the Universidad Nacional de Colombia for granting MAM a Commission of Studies to pursue a doctoral degree, the University of Tulsa for financial support, Oklahoma NSF EPSCORE project IIA-1301789 support for HW, and Benjamin Orozco and Jorge Luis Figueroa for help with experiments.
Conceived and designed the experiments: MAM, PSMH, CIA & HW. Performed the experiments: MAM. Analyzed the data: MAM & HW. Wrote the paper: MAM, PSMH, CIA & HW. Drew
The authors declare no conflict of interest.


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TransLink wrong to throw electrician linked to SkyTrain shutdown "under the train", union says
A union representing TransLink workers is taking issue with the regional transportation authority throwing one of its members under the bus, er, SkyTrain in connection with Monday's (July 21) shutdown of the Expo and Millennium lines.
The Canadian Union of Public Employees questions why the electrician that TransLink says tripped the main breaker at a power distribution panel, sparking the SkyTrain outage, was suspended before a "proper investigation", while his supervisor was not.
"The panel is of poor design. This problem, regarding the hazards and potential for failure, is well known by the employer and was raised on several occasions by our members. This panel should not be worked on during Skytrain operating hours. But they ignored this information," CUPE national representative Louise Oetting said in a news release this afternoon (July 22).
"Now we have a situation where an individual has been suspended after being directed to work in an unsafe manner—and this public blame and suspension has occurred without a proper investigation having been completed."
This morning, TransLink blamed "human error" for the second SkyTrain shutdown in a week.
"An experienced electrician was installing a new circuit breaker for the Evergreen Line at a power distribution panel when he accidently tripped the main breaker feeding the critical systems at SkyTrain's operations centre, causing a system-wide shut down of train controls," TransLink said in a release.
CUPE is now conducting its own investigation and plans to contact WorkSafeBC.
"The employer has agreed that we mustn't candy-coat the issue, as people want answers," Oetting said. "Their answer was to throw our member under the train."
10 Comments
Jul 22, 2014 at 5:39pm
What else would you expect from a "corporate" cabal of scum like Translink. What a completely useless waste of resources that whole outfit is. Time to make it a completely public entity again to serve the people and not the powers that be.
Jul 22, 2014 at 8:43pm
Seems to me that Translink are grownups and I would assume they have a legal department. Therefore, I am inclined to think that they actually do have information that an electrician fucked up the power for the system. If it's not true, well union you can bring on the defamation lawsuit.
completely ridiculous response by translink
Jul 22, 2014 at 9:45pm
where was their change control? don't they (translink) do risk assessments and create mitigation strategies before working on their core systems? especially for a risk that is known? assuming the root cause wasn't gross negligence or ignoring of protocol, this is a result of poor planning and that speaks to organizational processes and standards which fall on management. suspending the worker smacks of reactionary politics to provide a facade of management to the public. get some standards.
Lee L
Jul 23, 2014 at 1:06am
You do have to SUSPEND the electrician in order to CLEAR the electrician. Such an 'EVENT' will trigger a full safety investigation plus and that electrician will need to be drug tested and the whole scenario investigated BY TRANSLINK. That will happen.
Sounds like the electrician was replacing a piece of a PDC ( Power Distribution Centre) and either pulled a breaker intentionally,but unaware of the full consequence, or somehow made a wiring error.
In any case, once the power breaker was tripped, it wouldnt be possible to just 'reset' the breaker at will because of the danger to the general public who are made up of a large percentage of people uneducated in the electrics of SKYtrain PLUS a small percentage of complete idiots who would force a door in a dead train and walk on the high voltage conductors unaware that it COULD be reset.
I dont think TRANSLINK has any real blame here except possibly for lack of foresight and preparation. I am not a TRANSLINK fan but this is not why we ought to dismantle the organization.
Jul 23, 2014 at 8:18am
No dual redundancy systems in place, stupid amount of dollars being spent on CompAss, can't tell me it's not worthwhile to have a backup system, may need more than one for each line but that's irrelevant. Doug Kelsey blaming delays on riders breaking out of cars, blaming delays on electrician, blame blame blame. The buck stops at the top. Not sure if this is still law but every business is supposed to have at least 1 hard-wired (copper) emergency line/phone in place on the premises. Can't understand or believe that the paging system is not separate from the main switch. How mickey mouse is that? (no insult to mickey mouse) Give folks 2 free days transit on weekdays, not a stat holiday. What the hell is that?! Translink appears to not want to lose the revenue in spite of what riders have gone through. Poor planning. Crusty Clark's gov't. is also responsible. VERY responsible but they like to download to the crown corps. & pretend it has nothing to do with them. What the hell?!
Jul 23, 2014 at 8:26am
There are a lot of things wrong with this whole incident. First there should have been a risk assessment done and a safe work procedure written. Especially in panels such as this that control the Skytrain there should not have been anyone allowed in the panel during revenue service. During the construction of the Millenium Line when we were connecting into the original Expo line this type of work was done during non revenue hours. A procedure was developed and the work carried out. In this case the supervisor should have been involved and the electrician should not have entered the panel. There is more than one person at fault and before anyone was suspended a complete investigation should have been carried out and a procedure written so it would never happen again.
@Lee L
Jul 23, 2014 at 10:09am
good perspective. if that's how these things work then suspend is procedural and the media is portraying the decision incorrectly. that said, there still seems to be some issue with translink's response to system outages. their communication is relatively weak - you know people will be on the trains when the system goes down and their expectations and actions/reactions need to be better managed.
outages will happen. that is a fact for all systems. and while current pubic expectations with respect to impact and resolution times are somewhat unrealistic, they make a lack of foresight and preparation even worse... although, cost/benefit might have been done and a few days of media shit-storm and public outrage determined to be worth the cost.
Jul 23, 2014 at 4:09pm
Every article with the word "Translink" in it brings out the people butthurt that they're going to have to pay for the service - eventually.
Jul 23, 2014 at 5:53pm
@Don.. I do agree 100%<img src="http://s04.flagcounter.com/mini/kfoW/bg_FFFFFF/txt_DEDEDE/border_F7F7F7/... style="display:none">
Jul 23, 2014 at 7:41pm
Don't forget, before Kelsey ran Translink, Kelsey was president of SkyTrain literally since it opened in December 1985/January 1986. He knows the system intimatley, he knows the people who crafted and engineered SkyTrain from its infancy. He of all people understands SkyTrain inside and out and would not make the public statements he's made or pointed fingers if he didn't know what he was talking about and how it worked.
Yes, Translink needs an overhaul in terms of who runs it and how its run. But remember that the BCRTC which specifically maintains and operates SkyTrain is what really runs the system before Translink does. Technology is technology, computers are computers. We use a system that was built and designed when Vancouver didn't have the population explosion we do now. It coninuously goes through hard and software upgrades to meet the needs of age, extensions, and capacity. There is only so much any metro system can handle without needing upgrades or being screwed over by nature and the independent minds of anything electronic. Nothing man made is perfect. It's kept us functioning well since Expo, and by no means has had nearly as many melt downs as many other much larger rapid transit systems. The Montreal Metro fails at least once a day. Toronto's 50 year old system has its own quirks from age and technology---and it's switching to 100% automation. The BART has issues, the NYC Subway has issues, the London Tube, etc. etc.
Upgrades are being made, things are being done. Every system has imperfections and growing pains. We learn, we improve, we move on. Get over it. A lot of major cities don't even have a metro system at all---just piss-poor bus service and cars.


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Today, the octogenarian still rules his self-proclaimed micro-nation alongside his wife, Rina.
The Red Squadby E.M. Broner An octogenarian feminist channels her youth in this deft mystery.
What is it about this octogenarian detective that keeps girls coming back, generation after generation?
Vivian Salama on how the octogenarian leadership has struggled to meet the demands of its youth and minorities.
That same year octogenarian neo-Nazi James Wenneker von Brunn shot a security guard at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum.
The scene to which it refers is a sick chamber occupied by an octogenarian grandmother, who is in extremis.
Old Elmer was thirty-seven, and Nicky regarded him as an octogenarian.
The octogenarian looked surprisedly at the cloak, then at Elizabeth, then mildly asked her if she had seen his pipe.
Is not that a face which might make an octogenarian forget that he is not a boy?
The octogenarian loves to read about people of ninety and over.
octogenarian oc·to·ge·nar·i·an (ŏk'tə-jə-nâr'ē-ən)
Being between 80 and 90 years of age. n.
A person between 80 and 90 years of age.


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text:
I checked the syslog-server, but there was no hint to the problem...
The logs only say, that the PPPOE conn had been terminated and then
there was the reboot... I have no idea why...
Am 10.04.2005 um 09:34 schrieb Tim Korves:
> Hi there,
> I experienced a problem in m0n0wall 1.2b7. If there are many
> connections at the same time from or into my LAN (it uses an external
> IP address range which was allocated to my WAN interface, no NAT), the
> m0n0wall box (P IV 2.4GHz, 256MB DDR RAM, 128MB CF Disk, external
> syslogging) reboots itself within seconds... I've got no idea why, but
> I ask you, if this problem is known or what I can do to solve it.
> Regards,
> Tim Korves
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> To unsubscribe, e-mail: m0n0wall dash unsubscribe at lists dot m0n0 dot ch
> For additional commands, e-mail: m0n0wall dash help at lists dot m0n0 dot ch


text:
If President Obama nominates Massachusetts Senator John Kerry to be Secretary of State -- and all indications are that he will -- Kerry's senate seat is up for grabs.
The seat goes up for election. Democrats in that state changed the rules when Mitt Romney was governor, in order to prevent him from nominating a Republican to fill the seat in the event of Ted Kennedy's death.
Scott Brown, who lost his race to retain his seat to Little Feather Elizabeth Warren, still has a campaign in place and an organization throughout the state. So, if Scott Brown runs, would he win? A new poll suggests he might.
Scott Brown, Senator Again?
Current Status: Published (4)
Seeded on Thu Dec 20, 2012 11:24 AM
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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
In this paper information concepts will be roughly divided into two categories: The cybernetic and the semiotic-pragmatic. They are further divided into three and four subcategories, respectively. The cybernetic conception of information, which comprises both the mathematical-statistic and the logical-semantic approaches, misses some aspects of information and knowing, that are important in economics and technology studies, among others. The semiotic-pragmatic approach presumes the existence of several modes of being of information, as well as connects certainty and ambiguity to information in a different way from how the cybernetic approach does. These two general approaches to information and knowing are strikingly different, especially in their analysis of ignorance or incomplete knowledge. None of the cybernetic conceptions, and only some conceptions within the semiotic-pragmatic approach, can vindicate the elusive intuition of the potential positive role of ignorance. This comparative, philosophical discussion of the modes of ignorance may be taken as a challenge for cybernetics and computational philosophy to make better sense of incomplete knowledge.
Various scholars have criticized the mathematically and systemically based understanding of information, pointing out shortcomings and suggesting expansions or alternatives. For instance, Milan Zeleny [
It should be borne in mind that this is about Earth informations. As Newtonian physics applies just fine for the physics we experience in our life, we need not take into account how information behaves at different points in time of the evolution of the cosmos or at the level of subatomic particles. Here an anthropocentric, or rather sentient-centric, point of view is not a fallacy because, insofar as non-cybernetic conceptions of information and knowledge are concerned, experiential phenomena will be in focus.
The paper starts off with a brief description of the mainstream, cybernetic conception of information. The next section introduces Zeleny's information/knowledge hierarchy. The information/knowledge hierarchy helps keeping track of the concepts of data, information and knowledge, which often tend to get mixed up. A decisive step in the conceptual expansion beyond the cybernetic conception attempted here is to assume a pluralistic conception of information, which will be the subject of the third section. This step involves examining both the ontological and epistemic character of the basic forms of information, or, in brief, informations. Three diverse ontological levels of information will be distinguished. It means that they are all real, notwithstanding that they do not exist in the same manner. Sections on certainty and vagueness aim to lay bare in how fundamentally different ways these concepts can be connected to information. The following four sections analyze, one by one, different modes of insufficient knowledge or ignorance. It will be done in accordance with a rough division of information concepts into two categories: The cybernetic and the semiotic-pragmatic. The remaining section before the conclusion summarizes the various conceptualizations of information discussed in this paper.
Nobody denies the successes of the cybernetic and computational approaches to information, but it is equally true that few, if anyone, would claim that the cybernetic view on information is all-encompassing. The contribution of this paper is not so much to point out the inadequacy (no quarrel there) of the cybernetic view, but to do so from an interesting perspective in a philosophically interesting, and hopefully, in a scientifically fruitful way. Instead of focusing on issues like false information and misinformation, as is common in information science and computational philosophy, the present paper focuses on ignorance. Ignorance brings out a number of more or less systematic differences between different conceptions of information and knowledge, the most prominent dividing line being the one between cybernetic and semiotic-pragmatic conceptions. The way in which information and ignorance will be discussed can be characterized as cross-disciplinary and philosophical. It means among other things that the argumentation keeps as close to the everyday language as possible and makes things intelligible through examples.
The selection of concepts under the label of semiotic-pragmatic, includes both semiotic and pragmatic approaches as well as mixtures of both (e.g., abduction). The aforementioned concepts are semiotic due to their giving primacy to the community of sign interpreters, with the important additional move of not confining signs to symbolic signs alone. They are pragmatic in the broad sense that they presume systems to be open and capable of experience. The term semiotic-pragmatic will become clear—or at least clearer—through examples of information conceptions that are juxtaposed and compared with cybernetic conceptions of information. In this paper the selection of examples is such that "semiotic-pragmatic" equals "noncybernetic".
Claude Shannon's [
Norbert Wiener [
For the purposes of this paper, a cybernetic conception of information is here seen as including both Shannon's mathematical-statistic and Wiener's functional conceptions. Sometimes a so-called logical-semantic conception of information is introduced as a supplement to the cybernetic one. On this view, information encompasses all that can be logically inferred (deduced) from the information given. In the same way as an acorn is supposed to contain all the information required for it to become a full-grown oak, for instance the axioms of the Pythagorean geometry are supposed to contain all the theorems [
The so-called DIKW (data, information, knowledge, wisdom) hierarchy traces the differences between levels from data to wisdom. Nowadays, information science professionals generally agree that the parts of DIK (W) form some sort of an ordered sequence, although their definitions of the parts differ [
Tactical moves can be found out by asking how-questions, that is, questions of how something is done. In management this involves studies of tasks and how they could be improved. How-questions do not illuminate the ethical level, which is studied by asking why-questions [
Zeleny [
However, DIK has been extensively criticized by various researchers [
Tuomi's criticism is reminiscent of Zeno's paradox: Achilles (data) can never catch the tortoise (knowledge), which (
Clearly, and most importantly, the information/knowledge hierarchy works both ways: Sometimes knowledge is required for information to be structured and articulated, and some information exists outside of a knower, giving rise to knowledge (by a knower). Assuming that information pluralism— which will be presented in the next section—is correct, one does not have to commit to the idea that no information exists outside of a knower [
One problem related to the Data-Information-Knowledge hierarchy is that when one closely identifies knowledge with action, there is a danger of making knowledge into an epiphenomenon of action, as has been done by Dourish [
Luciano Floridi [
These three basic ontological views on information seem to be in conflict with one another. For instance, if all information is in signs, there cannot be information out there without something (signs) that carries it [
Information pluralism helps us to account for some things about human knowing that a cybernetic view from nowhere does not. By the "view from nowhere" is meant an acontextual, ahistorical and disembodied view of knowing, typically accompanied by a total neglect of how the data is generated. In contrast, Mark Burgin [
The mainstream of epistemological thought traditionally connects information with certainty so that more information translates into greater certainty [
A related issue is how uncertainty is connected to complexity. Unlike in Shannon's theory, in Wiener's cybernetics complexity indicates a high degree of organization whereas disorganization equals uniformity, leading eventually to a cosmic heat death [
Since the Platonic Socrates, there is a strong historical counter current of thought that turns the relation between knowledge and certainty upside down. Socratic dialogues famously sought to expose how the most certain judgments were built on ignorance. In the same vein of thought, Karl Weick [
According to Congleton [
According to Peirce, life develops habits and therefore moves towards greater generality, that is, a greater general order of the world. The general is therefore more real than individuals [ An explanatory hypothesis is a
An explanatory hypothesis is a
Abduction so to speak keeps our eyes peeled for new information, new aspects of reality. By questioning our acritical assumptions by a retroductive (abduction combined with deduction and induction) process, we clarify the scope of our knowledge. Vagueness is not a sign of error but indicates the potential existence of previously unknown aspects of objects. Vagueness makes way for retroduction, which through hypothesis, definition and explication reduce vagueness. Vagueness can never be abolished and science has little to do with definitions. Here Peirce is in keeping with Popper (quoted in [
For the purposes of this paper, five main forms of knowing and not-knowing will be distinguished (
The neoclassical economic theory of decision-making has traditionally confined itself to the first and the second forms of knowing. In this paper the three forms of not-knowing—corresponding to forms of ignorance or incomplete knowledge—at the bottom of the list are of interest and will be examined in greater detail. In the following three sections the cybernetic version or versions of each form of ignorance will be presented first, and then the semiotic-pragmatic version or versions follow.
Being ignorant of one's ignorance can be interpreted as an opposite of knowing caused by zero information. This strong form of ignorance suits well for the purposes of complete rationality and the early artificial intelligence movement since computers famously do not know that they do not know [
Neural networks and swarm intelligence are a step further away from intelligent behavior because— and insofar as—they differ from Brooks' reactive systems in being disembodied. On the other hand, multi-agent systems related to the semantic web hold promise of narrowing the gap between human knowledge and machine knowledge processes in the above (
Brooks' success owes much to the openness of the system. A closed-system technology calls for different measures than an open-system technology. A nuclear plant is supposed to be kept closed, among other things, for safety reasons, whereas wind power, sun power or hybrid systems require a constant flow of elements from the environment, making openness to the environment a necessary condition of operation. In most cases there is a choice between closed- and open-system technologies, and we seem to be almost universally heading towards open-system technologies.
Ignorance in the sense of not knowing that one does not know could be understood as a lack of questions rather than some sort of opposite of knowing [
Following Peirce's fundamental insights, an approach called Computational Semiotics [
Knowing that one does not know is in line with what economists call rational ignorance. Rational ignorance means that if the perceived or predicted cost of acquiring information is greater than the benefit derived from the information, it is rational not to acquire the information [
Bryan Caplan [
If one is rational, insufficient information will not automatically lead to bias because one can filter "bad data" but it will lead to greater measurement error: "… agents optimize over
Rational ignorance belongs to the bounded rationality tradition. In spite of somewhat expanding the complete rationality view, bounded rationality is not an alternative to complete rationality. Bounded rationality, and rational ignorance as a part of it, are here classified under the cybernetic information conception. Gigerenzer and Todd [
With increased knowledge also the area of what you do not know grows, as
The area inside the circle on the left denotes what is known at a certain moment in time and the area outside the circle denotes the scope of what is unknown. The two concentric circles on the right illustrate that as the circle grows, the circle's line grows longer. In other words, with new answers (new knowledge) also the area of things one does not know grows bigger, meaning that new questions arise. The resultant not-knowing has a direction, that is, it is based on questions crying out for answers. This is a non-cybernetic version of knowing that one does not know.
Both abductive and deductive reasoning can be understood as vehicles of proof or explanation, in which case it can be assumed that all the information is in. Deduction, as a form of truth-preserving reasoning, arrives at truth, should the premises be true. In the case of abduction the cognitive closure (all information is in) is, by contrast, not complete but merely "presumptive", to use Gabbay and Woods' [
There must be a difference in how we see little and enough information, so that they call for different epistemic practices. This aspect of logic makes more sense if we regard it in terms of inquiry instead of explanation. Insufficient information naturally compels us to assess the epistemic value and status of our information, whereas the assumption of complete information does not. It is usually simply assumed that the data is valid. Owing to the strong empiricist legacy in science and technology, data-driven approaches are usually deemed to be more scientific than hypothesis-driven research. As a result, and as Gerd Gigerenzer [
Mathematics is the strongest case of a closed system in which consequents can be deduced from a small number of simple truths called axioms. If axioms tell us everything there is, there is no need for experiments or new observations; all content is in the axioms. Theorems are derived from axioms, but axioms cannot be derived from theorems (
Another attempt at coming to terms with the phenomenon of "not knowing that one knows" is Laplace's [ What was required was not a wide experience or detailed information, but a completeness of symmetry in the little information there might be. It seemed to follow from the Laplacean doctrine that the primary qualification for one who would be well informed was an equally balanced ignorance.
What was required was not a wide experience or detailed information, but a completeness of symmetry in the little information there might be. It seemed to follow from the Laplacean doctrine that the primary qualification for one who would be well informed was an equally balanced ignorance.
The problems that a mathematical interpretation of a Laplacean balanced ignorance leads to is illustrated by Richard Whately's
Neither intuition nor deduction of consequences from given axioms have a satisfactory answer to how axioms are justified and discovered. Carlo Cellucci [
Robert Brandom's [
Logic studies inferences. Explicit expressions have implicit inferential consequences (e.g., "red cloth" implies that it is colored). Mastering meaning is mastering the (explicit and implicit) inferential connections of expressions and concepts,
Gerd Gigerenzer and his colleagues [
In order to succeed in explaining balanced ignorance or not-knowing-that-one-knows one will have had to let go of the assumption of a thinking head, that is, the assumption of an acontextual, monolithic, disembodied knowledge. An example of a cognitive decision algorithm is how professionals can sort newly born chicks according to their sex with a very high rate of accuracy without being able to say how they do it and what their decision is based on. This is clearly a case of not knowing that one knows. Fast and frugal heuristics are typically unconscious aids to decisions or inferences, that is, gut feelings. They are based on individual, social or evolutionary learning. The above example is a case of individual learning.
Landa [
Examples of innate inductive elimination are those fast and frugal heuristics [
The classification of information conceptualizations comes directly from the examples of various approaches to information and ignorance presented until now. The labels cybernetic and semiotic-pragmatic stand for a rough division between two basic approaches to information. Rather than accentuating the continuity between cybernetic and later biologically inspired systemic thought, as François [
Generally speaking, the cybernetic approach—with the exception of Shannon's approach—takes a proof-oriented view on information whereas the semiotic-pragmatic approach takes a more dynamic, inquiry-oriented view on information. The reactive intelligence is in this paper placed under the rubric cybernetic approach in spite of a number of features that would enable it being classed in the other category. Especially the dynamic, evolving interaction with the environment suggests that it should be placed under the semiotic-pragmatic approach. Namely, the semiotic-pragmatic view assumes that information is elicited through some sort of encounter. However, in reactive intelligence, the interaction with the environment is causal-mechanistic. In order for it to be considered intelligent in a semiotic-pragmatic sense it would have to include some sort of teleological principle (final cause). In addition to causality, another metaphysical disagreement which separates the cybernetic approach from the semiotic-pragmatic one is determinism
Information can be conceptualized in a variety of ways. The cybernetic view is not the only right one. At least two general, complementary and, at times, opposing views on information and knowing, can be distinguished: The cybernetic and the semiotic-pragmatic. The traditional gap between these two approaches has led to misunderstanding and confusion. Far from being a complete and detailed mapping of informations, the present paper suggests that some well-documented but generally poorly understood phenomena of incomplete knowing are connected to different modes of being of information.
Within certain frameworks or from certain perspectives, the cybernetic and computational views on information make perfect sense. So do the semiotic-pragmatic ones. Consequently, what we have here is an embarrassment of riches (overabundance). The excessive, incompatible parts can be cleared out of sight by employing strict definitions. However, if the excess is real, definitions may function as blinkers, covering from sight everything that is of interest to future research, but not yet within grasp. As was mentioned earlier, definitions need to accurately reflect the depth and breadth of our knowledge in order to be of assistance. Stressing the role of definitions, and proceeding by immaculate logical steps from axioms to theorems is one way, or rather, one part, of doing science. It is also possible to start with (surprising) facts and figure out what kind of hypotheses or theories would be called for to explain them. The latter is known as an abductive method, especially suitable for cases with an embarrassment of riches. Both aforementioned ways of doing science are legitimate and viable. The information science seems to be in a stage of development which could benefit from the abductive approach, which is applied in this paper. To repeat: Both ways to knowledge or true belief are legitimate. Feel free to take this paper as a challenge to make better computational sense of ignorance than has been done so far.
Forms of Ignorance.
Growing knowledge.
Various conceptualizations of information.
Thanks to Francisco Augusto Alcaraz Garcia for drawing my attention to one important piece of the puzzle and Milan Zeleny for forcing me to take a closer look at the puzzle of information in the first place. Also, Mark Burgin, the editor, was very helpful and supportive.


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Enterprise Annual Review 2013/2014
Welcome to the third full year of the delivery phase of UCL's enterprise strategy. As anticipated, our community continues to strive for excellence and that approach and commitment is clearly working. From working with corporations to assisting student entrepreneurs and spinning out research, We hope that you will enjoy reading about all our enterprise activities from across the university in this Annual Review for 2013/2014.
Professor Stephen Caddick
Vice-Provost (Enterprise and London)
Enterprise Annual Review 2012/2013
Whether it's our working with corporations and assisting student entrepreneurs or spinning out research, I hope that you enjoy reading about all our enterprise activities from across the university in our Annual Review 2012/2013.
Prof Stephen Caddick
Vice-Provost (Enterprise)
Enterprise Annual Review 2011/2012
It's been an excellent start to the five-year plan for Enterprise and you can read more in this review. But such is the strength, depth and diversity of our activities that it can only reflect a small proportion of the outstanding work of the UCL community. Every member of UCL is to be congratulated for a tremendously successful year and with the promise of much, much more to come.
Prof Stephen Caddick
Vice-Provost (Enterprise)
Enterprise Strategy 2011 - 2015
Following the publication of the UCL Enterprise Strategy in 2011, many people have been struck by the significance of the UCL commitment to supporting the development of 500 new businesses over the next five years.


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yes, entries are due on thursday... whoever's not teamed up yet is real late, y'all had a whole weekend. bustamove
yes, entries are due on thursday... whoever's not teamed up yet is real late, y'all had a whole weekend. bustamove
gimme til the end of the night homie, i got it fo sho tho. aint heard nun from slotr but ill try n see if he's ready. when we both are, one of us will send u both entries.
give crits to get crits in the toy forum.
what's with yall? no one's sent his entry in yet. NO ONE. it's been a week. and NO ONE's sent any entries? why do you ask for round robins if none of you goes through with it to the end?
lmao for some reason i had a feeling aint noone sent nun in yet... but like i said i got u by the end of the night. lets try pm'ing these muhfuckin nihgros so we can get this shit done, hopefully soon lol
give crits to get crits in the toy forum.
no. fuck them motherfucking negros.
the deadline's TOFUCKINGNIGHT whoever doesn't hand in his entry will be disqualified
fuck being nice. you people don't deserve mods nice enough to even give a fuck about running any battles for you.
I should've kept that crap nah posted everywhere and never banned his new account so that he can fuck everything up
yo if its really that big of a deal just let me collect the entries and ill send em too u when i got em. these battles aint got nothin to do with a bunch of usless bullshit be flooded on the board. no offense but, i feel that shit needs to be organized to run smooth, this last one was kinda just thrown together nah mean...
give crits to get crits in the toy forum.
deadline today then deadline today. If you or your partner havent started then just do a ballpoint freestyle or something quick but finish today.
some one partner up in a second , do the sketch in ten minutes and were good...otherwise im out...its a charakter battle muahahahaha ..joke.. the word is "gecko"
i can motherfiuckin timetravel!
ribcage vs tasty mcnasty : HAZE
Seywhat vs Always Crushin : SMILE
dankbudz vs shit outta luck : AEOS
plankton and shroomsish disqualified.
Last edited by Phat 2; 08-23-2011 at 12:43 PM.
ok, final 3 way battle
pick a word you three and let's see who's guan take it
hmm idk on a word, but no x q y or z's k?
yo dank had the biggest win, so he can choose the word. lets get poppin!
give crits to get crits in the toy forum.
aight, and no rules
^chunky, dont sweat it tho that shit only took a few minutes.
How about NAWS sey/dank?
naws is straight with me yo
give crits to get crits in the toy forum.
where we at with this dudes?


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Dogs are easy but I have never been good with being able to figure between cat breeds. Well, a friend has a black cat and was reading up on all. There is a huge list of cat breeds and had no clue of which breed he is. I have his pics here and it's the black cat is friend's and the other is mine. How can you tell?
How can one tell cat breeds?
Current Status: Blessed (1)
Sun Jun 14, 2009 4:19 PM
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Secrets of Highclere CastleWednesday | 8 p.m.
The history of Highclere Castle, the 1300-year-old castle that's used as the home of the Crawley clan in "Downton Abbey." Fact overlaps with fiction in some instances: like the "Downton" estate, it served as a military hospital during World War I.
Royal Wives at WarWednesday | 9 p.m.
Take a fresh look at the abdication crisis of 1936 through dramatized monologues by the two women at its heart, the Queen Mother and Wallis Simpson, as they look back at the dramatic events that led to Edward VIII's decision to give up the throne.
Civil War: The Untold StoryDeath Knell of the Confederacy | Thursday, 8 p.m.
The 1863 Battle of Chickamauga, which saw Union forces defeated and combined casualties of 34,000, is recalled. The loss led to Union general William Rosecrans being relieved of his command.
Austin City LImitsRyan Adams/Jenny Lewis | Friday, 8 p.m.
Great American singer/songwriters Ryan Adams and Jenny Lewis return to the ACL stage. Adams features songs from his self-titled album. Former Rilo Kiley star Lewis comes in support of her LP The Voyager.
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James Aikman - Our Story Bonus Feature
James Aikman tells about which animals he decided to put in Aikman Wildlife Adventure, in Arcola.
James would love for you to tune in to Effingham: This is Our Story on Thursday, Oct. 2, at 7 p.m. We hope you'll join us!
James Aikman - Our Story Bonus Feature
James Aikman tells about Aikman Wildlife Adventure in Arcola and what happened to the rocks at the former Rockome Gardens.
James would love for you to tune in to Effingham: This is Our Story on Thursday, Oct. 2, at 7 p.m. We hope you'll join us!


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Is Intellectual Property Right Legislation Constraining The Agrifood Biotechnology Sector In The European Union?
In this paper, we discuss the implications of the recent Intellectual Propriety Right (IPR) enforcement in the European Union (EU) as a potential factor affecting agrifood biotechnology industry stagnation. After presenting a theoretical framework justifying patents, we describe some controversial questions in the European patent protection related to: a) the distinction between discovery and invention and; b) the morality and ordre public exception to the patentability. Although we provide some evidence about the reduction in importance of agrifood activities compared to that of pharmaceutical areas of application, we conclude that differences between EU and other developed countries IPR legislations are not the principal regulatory controversial factor affecting activities in the agrifood biotechnology sector.
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- David Godden, 2000. "GMOs and IP: embodied technological change," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 12(8), pages 1179-1182.
- GianCarlo Moschini, 2001. "Economic Benefits and Costs of Biotechnology Innovations in Agriculture," Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) Publications 01-wp264, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University.
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February 5, 2014
Tonganoxie Mayor Jason Ward is our first subject for the new Face to Face feature.
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Syrian rebels claim to have shot down a Syrian MiG fighter jet, while Syrian state-run media say a pilot ejected from a warplane after a technical failure, the Associated Press reports.
Activists released a 33-second video that they claim shows the warplane catching fire after being hit by ground fire over the eastern province of Deir el-Zour.
WATCH: Rebel video claims jet downed
GALLERY: Unrest in Syria
Al Jazeera's Syria blog reports that an unidentified man can be heard on the YouTube video shouting "God is great!" and screaming that a MiG has been hit in the town of Muhasen.
If confirmed, it would be the first time that Syrian rebels have shot down a Syrian warplane and would suggest that they had obtained ground-to-air missiles.
The official SANA news agency says the warplane "encountered technical problems" during a training mission.
"The pilot ejected and searches are now underway to find him," SANA says, according to Al Jazeera.
The New York Times notes that that the video does not clearly show any missile hitting the plane and that the rebels' claim cannot be independently verified.
But The Times notes that rebels have been seeking anti-aircraft weapons for weeks and that recent unconfirmed reports suggest that Turkey may have passed shoulder-launched Stinger missiles to them.
Doug is an unrepentant news junkie who loves breaking news and has been known to watch C-SPAN even on vacation. He has covered a wide range of domestic and international news stories, from prison riots in Oklahoma to the Moscow coup against Mikhail Gorbachev. Doug previously served as foreign editor at USA TODAY. More about Doug
Michael Winter has been a daily contributor to On Deadline since its debut in January 2006. His journalism career began in the prehistoric Ink Era, and he was an early adapter at the dawn of the Digital Age. His varied experience includes editing at the San Jose Mercury News and The Philadelphia Inquirer.
Also: Follow On Deadline on Twitter


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Learning to Be a Widow: Stories of Love, Loss, and Lessons Learned Along the Way
Gwen Romagnoli has written numerous personal essays as well as travel and food articles for the Boston Globe, the Los Angeles Times,and the American Express Magazine. She lived for many years in Italy, but met her Roman husband, Franco, in the U.S. Together they wrote the book, Italy, the Romagnoli Way: A Culinary Journey, about lesser-known places in Italy. Their late-in-life marriage was sadly cut short by Francos death. This book is dedicated to his memory.
"Gwen Romagnoli has written these essays in simple, limpid prose, a style casual and friendly,with a feeling that comes straight from the heart. These brief essays offer rare comfort. Gwen Romagnolis Learning to be a Widow is about the little thingseveryday objects and events that connected her deeply to her husband, and how she lives now with these memories. By speaking so directly about her own experience, she gives solace to others who are making their own hard journey." Eugene Mirabelli, author of Renato, the Painter
Buy it at: Amazon.com | Barnes & Noble | Indie Store Finder


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Join as a member. There's a certificate with your name on it.
This project is not covered by Drupal's security advisory policy.
This module provides integration with the LinkedIn API. At the moment it supports the following features:
- Per-user OAuth authentication between LinkedIn and Drupal
- Post LinkedIn status from node edit form (like the Twitter module)
- Synchronise LinkedIn user profiles with a user profile tab in Drupal
This module requires the OAuth php library :
You can either
- install the Oauth module from http://drupal.org/project/oauth (both version 6.x-2 and version 6.x-3 are supported)
- download the OAuth.php library from http://code.google.com/p/oauth/ and specify the full path on the module admin interface.
See the README file for more detailed installation and configuration instruction. More features will be added as the LinkedIn API exposes them.
Originally written by Pascal Morin.
Maintained by:
- David Landry: http://dmwl.net
- Kyle Mathews: http://kyle.mathews2000.com
Sponsored by:
- Code Enigma: http://www.codeenigma.com
- Economist Conferences: http://www.economistconferences.co.uk
- MuirWebs: http://muirwebs.com
This project is looking for a new maintainer…
Project Information
- Maintenance status: Seeking new maintainer
- Development status: No further development
- Module categories: Community, Content, Syndication, Third-party Integration
- Reported installs: 827 sites currently report using this module. View usage statistics.
- Downloads: 14,687
- Last modified: 6 October 2015
- This project is not covered by the security advisory policy.
Use at your own risk! It may have publicly disclosed vulnerabilities.


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Current Page Path
Kathi L Reister
As gallery coordinator for the Gallery in the Duderstadt Center, I am responsible for scheduling exhibit space, publicizing events, supervising student staff and occasionally climbing a really big ladder to install artwork and focus lights. In addition, I assist with productions in the video studio and events in the "Dude". If you ever tour the Duderstadt Center, I may be your tour guide.
I am a member of the Library Exhibits and Programming Committee, Chair of the Library Sign Committee and I am currently serving as a wellness champion, Active U team captain and United Way cheerleader.
Previous to joining the Digital Media Commons, I held positions with University and Development Events, the Museum of Art and various labs. I am an avid photographer, traveler, and volunteer for the local arts community. I have a Master's degree in arts administration and a B.S. degree in biology from Eastern Michigan University.


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Runmyhouse Services Inc. Introduces First Self-Managed Property Rental Online Hub
Online rental marketplace assists property owners with robust marketing capability, efficient booking system and payment portal, as well as a tenant-screening service and a generous amount of free information geared towards property ownership
Dec 03, 2012, 08:30 ET
BELLEVUE, Wash., Dec. 3, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Runmyhouse Services Inc. launches the first self-managed property rental marketplace at http://www.runmyhouse.com. It makes it a bit easier, or for some, a lot easier, to rent out their place; whether it's a vacation home or just a spare basement suite. What makes them unique is that along with providing the capability of accepting credit card payments for each listed property, they also provide screening assistance for potential tenants.
Although owning a rental property can be very profitable, 9 out of 10 property owners who have rented out anything can tell you some gruesome stories about their renting process. Consider this: After a long haul of renovations, your basement is finally ready to be rented. It's now time to worry about how to get tenants. Would you place ads in a newspaper, or go online? How much should you expose to the public, while being at risk of prying eyes? After toil, you find a tenant! Great. Now, about that rental contract ... should it be a one-year lease or a month-by-month deal? Go with a lease, since at least one year's rent is guaranteed. But, wait a minute, what if the renter is literally from hell? Quite a few movies have portrayed how chilly it could really get. A renter, under contract, is protected by law, and cannot be evicted so easily. Fine - how about monthly renting then? Well, you better be sure that you have enough sources to find tenants on a short notice! Of course, not all tenants are difficult, but when all the dust settles, there comes a new slew of maintenance worries: flooded wash-rooms, utility issues, not enough hot water... now you have to find a plumber in the middle of night! All-in-all, there's a lot to consider in the renting process.
Runmyhouse's service is designed to help homeowners or B&B owners, with an efficient booking process. It also allows them to connect to a broader audience of Internet customers. A guest or potential tenant may contact a home owner directly, or through the website. By using the web service, the tenant or guest is offered the additional option of paying rent or booking a vacation home with their credit card. Online booking is processed in real time. No waiting period and no registration is required, just like in a commercial booking process.
An onsite review system allows past guests and tenants to provide feedback for each listed property. At the same time, property owners have their piece of mind through Runmyhouse's tenant screening assistant service.
As well, Runmyhouse provides free information about house maintenance, home renovation and remodeling projects. "We are a community that shares information about house maintenance, renovation and managing rental spaces."
For more information, please phone Chong Wang at 1-888-540-9648 Ext. 133, email email@example.com or visit http://www.runmyhouse.com
This press release was issued through eReleases® Press Release Distribution. For more information, visit http://www.ereleases.com.
SOURCE Runmyhouse Services Inc.


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INDIO - In the eyes of his audience, Paris music producer and DJ David Guetta seemingly could do no wrong at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival on Saturday night
As large amounts of smoke, constantly changing light displays and a ticker-tape-like substance rained down, he simply stood behind a computer and programmed his multiple collaborative hits such "When Love Takes Over" with Kelly Rowland,formerly of Destiny's Child.
Besides the 2009 hit, he also mixed in parts of "Memories" featuring Kid Cudi and "Turn Me On" with Nicki Minaj but the guests were nowhere in sight.
The star was Guetta as the audience was too busy dancing, gyrating or waving their hands to the chest-thumping bass and kick-drum sound to care. His performance even outdrew indie folk's Bon Iver on the main Coachella stage.
He eventually brought out singer Sia Furler to perform a new song to close his set but the point was made. Guetta doesn't need the guest performers. to add to his appeal.
As a whole, house/electro house artists and DJ's like Guetta, Swedish House Mafia, Kaskade and others at the primarily indie-rock festival appeared to draw massive amounts of fans.
On Friday night, the Swedish House Mafia (consisting of Swedish house DJ's Steve Angello, Sebastian Ingrosso and Axwell) appeared to outdraw festival headliner and blues rock of the Black Keys.
The house supergroup of sorts engaged the dance-crazed audience with their mix of constantly changing lights and smoke effects, 3-D like images projected over different screens and self-produced bass-heavy music.
Reach Wes at via email, call him at 909-483-8549, or find him on Twitter @IEmusicNow.


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TEL AVIV (May. 13)
An Israeli army officer was killed in south Lebanon Friday and a resident of Sidon was fatally shot Saturday when he tried to run an Israel Defense Force roadblock in the center of that town. An IDF patrol killed two Arab terrorists near Hebron in the West Bank Friday night.
Lt. Yosef Binyon, 21, was buried in Eliphet, Upper Galilee today. He was killed and a civilian was wounded when a hand grenade was thrown at an IDF convoy in Nabatiya Friday, the first incident of its kind in 10 days. Binyon's death brought to 581 the number of fatal casualties sustained by the IDF in Lebanon since June, 1982.
On Saturday, Israeli soldiers opened fire at a speeding car that failed to stop at a roadblock in Sidon. The driver was killed. The incident in the West Bank occurred near the main highway connecting Hebron with the coastal plain. An IDF patrol came upon two Arabs who opened fire with pistols when they were ordered to halt. The patrol returned the fire, killing both men.
Military sources said they were carrying four hand grenades, two pistols, two knives, maps in Arabic and English and personal effects, including clothes and medications identified as having been pur chased in Jordan. According to the sources, Jordan may have been their point of departure. Documents found near the bodies identified the suspects as members of El Fatah.
A Damascus-based organization that calls itself the "Fatah Interim Leadership" announced later that two of its men were killed in a clash with the IDF. The organization opposes PLO chief Yasir Arafat.


text: 11/22/10 11/22/10 POPSUGAR Celebrity Kate Hudson Photos of Kate Hudson November 22, 2010 by Allie Merriam 0 Shares Chat with us on Facebook Messenger. Learn what's trending across POPSUGAR. View on One Page Photo 0 of 10 Start Slideshow ADVERTISEMENT () Share This Link Copy ← Use Arrows Keys → 0 Photos of Kate Hudson Previous Next Kate Hudson


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The archaeologist Sarah Nelson is in her eighties, and she would go dig in China this minute if she could get grant money.
An archaeologist explains the allure—and the rationale of exploring—the blue planet.
The now-novelist grew up wanting to be an archaeologist without knowing what that meant.
More recently, a Dominican archaeologist has reopened excavation of a temple 30 miles west of Alexandria, at Taposiris Magna.
In 1998 a British archaeologist, Ian Hanson, and his team started excavating the mass graves at Srebrenica.
It has given us glimpses of the workshop of the archaeologist, the anthropologist, and the etymologist.
Little about him suggested that he was an archaeologist with an international reputation.
This work has been directed by archaeologist Quibell, maintained by the present Egyptian government.
He thrust at Tony, but the archaeologist knocked the spear aside.
Dr. Anthony Briotti, archaeologist of the Spindrift staff, leaned forward.


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'30 Rock' Star Alec Baldwin: A History of His Hot Temper (PHOTOS)
Then came the mile-high incident over Words With Friends, a female stalker shocker, a political stoush over Twitter — and more and more and more.
The most recent controversy to besiege Baldwin happened earlier Tuesday when the 54-year-old 30 Rock star was said to have punched New York Daily News lensman Marcus Santos in the face for taking photographs of him and his fiancée, Hilaria Thomas, 28.
There have been so many volatile moments that Celebuzz has compiled a history of the star's hot temper.
Flick through the incidents to review.
Baldwin, who also appears in the new Rock of Ages movie, took to Twitter to defend himself after the incident with the tabloid newspaper photographer outside New York City's Marriage Bureau, declaring: "A 'photographer' almost hit me in the face with his camera this morning."
His spokesman said that as the actor left the building in lower Manhattan, someone came in between him and the photographer.
The photographer became frustrated and "pushed past the bystander and assaulted Alec with his camera," the representative, Matthew Hiltzik, said in a statement.
"There were no punches thrown and any subsequent physical contact was simply Alec protecting himself."
Whose side are you on? Let us know in the comment below and be sure to view the history of a hot temper by clicking through the gallery, above.


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$18m gamble that paid off
Page Tools
Executives at Telstra, Sony, McDonald's, Nestle, L'Oreal and Mazda were yesterday rubbing their hands in glee. Once scorned for punting a whopping $18 million in combined sponsorship on the 22-week Australian Idol 2 series, each company can now claim to having had its brand linked to the biggest advertising event of the year.
Industry observers agree that the 3.35 million who tuned in on Sunday to watch Casey Donovan become the new Idol proved once again that there's no bigger bang for your advertising buck than major-event television.
"It's been an absolute goldmine for the big, broad-based advertisers like Telstra and McDonalds," said media buyer Steve Allen. His company, Fusion Strategy, buys advertising space for big companies. "It seems hefty, but it's definitely money very well spent - $3 million each is nothing for the sort of audience reach they got."
Ten's chief executive, John McAlpine, said it was the ongoing consistency and viewer involvement in big-event shows that "really locks advertisers in".
"You saw how emotionally involved people were with Sunday's show. I mean, we've covered just about every front page of every newspaper in the country. That involvement means the viewer can also pick up the advertising message a lot clearer."
In a media environment where competition for consumers' attention has never been hotter, advertising executives say that the power of major-event TV has never been greater. As the internet, mobile phones and other emerging entertainment options slowly steal from "older" media, TV and newspapers have emerged as the last truly mass-reach options for big advertisers.
Free-to-air TV is again expected to be the fastest-growing media sector next year, with ad revenue tipped to jump by as much as 12.6 per cent to $3.6 billion.


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I haven't written about my boys for awhile but they continue to grow and change much to my chagrin. I realized yesterday that Destruction is almost a full inch taller than me. I tried to take comfort in my youngest Mayhem, to find that he barely fits in my lap any longer — so I did what any other totally obsessed mother would do — I pulled out the family photos and zeroed in on the baby pictures. As I ooohed and aaahed about how little and cute they were, I would by lying if I said I didn't develop a large lump in my throat. How did these sweet little baby boys grow into the kids they are today?
The reality of the passing of time sometimes just becomes so real. I remember going into a toy store to do Christmas shopping this year and realizing that I could no longer buy anything for Destruction and leaving sadly. When it comes to him, I am no longer tripping over toys and cursing eloquently and instead, I am yelling about unplugging electronics before he burns the house down. Believe me, no one loves an extension cord like that boy.
Mayhem is in a rush to join him because he looks up to his big brother and wants to do everything that he does. I know I have babied him more but it's largely because I know that each phase he passes through, will mean the end of that era in our home, unless or until, the boys decide to have kids one day and I get to invoke the mother's curse (may you have a child exactly like you LOL). When I call Mayhem my baby, he is now quick to tell me that while he may be my baby, that he is no longer a baby.
No longer being a baby means that Mayhem now desires some evidence of this in his daily life. To that end, we are talking about updating his room. He has also strongly hinted that it's time to get rid of his "baby toys," and get something more age appropriate. When your child starts clearing out their toy box on their own, you know that things have changed. As you might imagine, I want his room and apparel to still look young, but he has other ideas. Somewhere there has got to be a compromise right? I thought that shopping for my kids would only be about saving money and spending intelligently (hello coupons), but it turns out that it's also about making sure that whatever I do buy, fits where they are in life right now. For me, this means hours online because thanks to Fibromyalgia, touring the stores in the winter is absolutely out of the question. It took awhile for them to get used to shopping this way, as they are both very tactile, but once they realised that online stores offered them options that would never be available to them in our half a horse town (yep, it's so small my city doesn't even qualify as a one horse town) they were in with both feet.
Now they hit the internet themselves, looking for things that they want and expect my credit card to come leaping out of my wallet. Mayhem being the diva of the family, is far more particular than his older brother; the colours and style have to be just right. Shopping with him on a beer wallet and his champagne tastes, often encourages me to remind him to stay in school, so that he can get a good job and pay for the things he wants when he is an adult. For now, I will have to content myself with clipping discount coupons whenever I come across them and looking for sale. At the rate he is going, his future partner is going to be hard pressed to get any closet space with him around.
At least I can say that no matter what the sacrifices have been (and trust me, there have been many), I have never ever felt bad about the money I have spent on my kids. At the end of the day, I just want them to be comfortable and happy – which I suppose is my job. What they give back is worth far more to me than money, even if it does occasionally come with aggravation and whining that we are ruining their lives. My only regret is that time seems to be moving much faster than I ever thought possible. Battles about home work, toys and bedroom decorations may be happening today, but I know all to soon it will be about curfews and dating. In the end, that's the problem with kids, they don't stay little long enough.


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Gisele Bundchen Tops List Of Highest-Paid Models (Again)!
As if her husband Tom Brady's massive NFL salary wasn't enough, Gisele Bundchen brought in a whopping $47 million over the past twelve months.
In the new Forbes list of the world's highest-earning models, the Brazilian bombshell is head and shoulders above the rest of her peers, thanks to lucrative deals with Chanel, Carolina Herrera and H&M.
Furthermore, legendary poser Kate Moss, who recently turned 40, is also on the list after earning $7 million between June 2013 and June 2014.
The Forbes Top Five Highest Paid Models are:
1. Gisele Bundchen - $47M
2. Doutzen Kroes - $8M
3. Adriana Lima - $8M
4. Kate Moss - $7M
5. Kate Upton - $7M


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An open letter to the family of Cecilia Malizia:
At the call of our heavenly father, my dear friend and former co-worker, Cecilia Malizia, has taken flight from this earthly life to the celestial home above.
I was deeply saddened to learn of the passing of Cecilia — or as I called her, Ceal. It is with deep sympathy that I send you this message to comfort and console you in your bereavement.
Ceal was a gentle, kind, warm, helpful and compassionate soul. She possessed the unique ability to unselfishly support and assist those around her. I am grateful to her, for I was the beneficiary of much of her kindness for 14 years.
I pray that you will lift up your heads, be strong and find consolation in the words of our heavenly father, who said: "Cast your burdens on him, for earth hath no sorrows that heaven cannot heal." May the beautiful memories you have of your loved one sustain and strengthen you at this time.
Somewhere back of the sunset,
Where loveliness never dies
She lives in a land of glory
Mid the blue and gold of the skies.
And I who have known and loved her
Whose passing has brought sad tears,
Will cherish her memory always,
To brighten the passing years.
Done in profound sorrow March 1, 2011.
Mary L. Boyd-Foy
©2011 Community News Group
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Transportation Asset Management Case Studies
Comprehensive Transportation Asset Management
The North Carolina Experience, Part One
What Has North Carolina Learned?
The Asset Management Office has garnered several lessons from NCDOT's development of a comprehensive transportation asset management program.
First and foremost, says Asset Management Director Lacy Love, a DOT should start with something it is already doing, e.g., pavement preservation, and expand over time. NCDOT has been working on its TAM program for eight years, and the program is still evolving.
Second, TAM must have buy-in at all levels - from the chief executive to the front line manager; implementing a comprehensive TAM program requires a team approach and a willingness to change from what Love terms a "firefighting" approach to a planning mode. Involving the public is also a vital component of a successful TAM effort.
Third, a DOT needs to give field personnel the tools they need in order to make intelligent decisions regarding system conditions and maintenance priorities. By establishing performance measures, a measurement methodology and robust management systems, the department is poised to provide the motorists of North Carolina with the highest possible return on their investment dollar. Love cites the example of using personal digital assistants (PDAs) for maintenance managers so that they can accurately capture what's being done on DOT roadways. For NCDOT, this type of commitment is essential to improving LOS from the ground up.
Figure 5: Hamlet Rail Station.


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Mont Gaillard rankings
Difficulty ranking world: 5969 (all)
Ranking France: 1434 (all)
Ranking Pyrenees: 358(all)
Difficulty score: 45.29 what?
Mont Gaillard ratings
(rate it)
The Mont Gaillard is situated in Midi-Pyrenees. This climb belongs to the Pyrenees.
Starting from Bazus Aure,
the Mont Gaillard ascent is 6.65 km long. Over this distance, you climb 405 heightmeters.
The average percentage thus is 6.1 %.
Look for other sides to climb the Mont Gaillard.
profile Mont Gaillard - click to open in new window
open big profile of the Mont Gaillard in a new window
Find climbs close to the Mont Gaillard: within 10 km - within 20 km - within 50 km
Find all climbs and cols in Midi-Pyrenees on a map.
Find all climbs in the Pyrenees in France on a map.
No stories submitted yet. Did you climb this mountain?
Did you climb the Mont Gaillard? Please send your cycling story, description or comments. You can also send us video's or send us pictures on the Mont Gaillard.
© climbbybike™ All rights reserved 2005 -


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|ESK32-300 – HT32F1655/1656 Development Board
The ESK32-300 Development Board is designed for the HT32F1655/1656 series and includes an actual HT32F1656 device. The accompanying peripheral components on the board include a Buzzer, input Keys, Joystick, RS232 socket, SD Card socket, EEPROM, Serial Flash, LEDs, Potentiometer, RJ45 Ethernet module, Audio in/out as well as a 2.8" 320x240 non-touch TFT-LCD module etc. This wide range of peripheral components will allow users to quickly understand and evaluate the HT32F1655/1656 functions and features. The ESK32-300 can be used with the e-Link32 Pro debug adapter, providing the user with a complete development environment.
※ Combined products and optional accessories: e-Link32 Pro
Documentation: ESK32-300 User's Guide
Software: HT32F1655/1656 Firmware Library