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by Staff Writers
Secaucus NJ (SPX) Feb 18, 2013
Panasonic Eco Solutions North America announces that it has signed an exclusive multi-year solar photovoltaic (PV) solutions development agreement with Coronal Management LLC. The agreement highlights Panasonic efforts to bring the only comprehensive, end-to-end solution for solar PV projects from 250 kilowatts up to 20 megawatts to the commercial, industrial, municipal, and small utility sectors.
Together, the two companies aim to develop, build and operate a portfolio of solar PV systems in the United States and Puerto Rico.
"The agreement with Coronal Management brings additional momentum to our platform as we become an integrated solar energy solution provider for customers with a shared understanding of the value of solar energy production and sustainability, both on the bottom line and from an environmental perspective," said Jamie Evans, managing director, Panasonic Eco Solutions North America.
He continued, "We are committed to developing and promoting eco solutions, and with Coronal we can deliver more value for our customers."
The Panasonic and Coronal offering provides a single solution that includes financing, development, engineering, procurement and construction (EPC), as well as operations and maintenance (O and M) for the life-cycle of its installed solar systems.
With its formidable financial strength, engineering and project management expertise, active environmental commitment and a robust system performance guarantee, Panasonic solutions will benefit both customers and partners for decades to come.
The leadership of Coronal Management brings over 80 years of unparalleled experience, expertise and success in investment and asset management, as well as a strong record of success in solar PV project development and financing. With the capability to bring to market a complete financing and asset management solution for scalable solar PV projects, the combination of Panasonic and Coronal results in a complete development, implementation, financing, and maintenance solution for solar systems.
"Working with Panasonic, we firmly believe we offer a truly unique platform to create the optimal, end-to-end solution for commercial, industrial, municipal and small utility solar PV projects," said Jonathan Jaffrey, CEO of Coronal Management.
"This agreement allows Panasonic and Coronal to fill a critical gap in the solar market, with the potential to bring hundreds of solar projects into production, generating power for our customers, spurring the economy and helping the environment."
Related Links
Panasonic Eco Solutions North America
All About Solar Energy at SolarDaily.com
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Lay apostolate
The lay apostolate is made up from laypeople and consecrated religious who exercise a ministry within the Catholic Church. These organizations cooperate with ecclesiastical authorities. They operate "under direction of her pastors" but are not members of the official Church hierarchy nor in Holy Orders. Apostolates operate with the permission of the local Ordinary of a Diocese, but often without material support.
This is a special case of a normal Catholic lay organization; usually these organizations obtain permission from the Church hierarchy, and operate in cooperation with the Church. In many cases, where the priests are unable to function in specialized situations, like dealing with computer technology, medical care, or broadcast equipment, a lay apostolate may be formed to provide those specialized technical skills.
Apostolicam Actuositatem is the Second Vatican Council's Decree on the Apostolate of the Laity. It defines the mission of the lay Christian faithful to both "lead non-believers to the faith and to instruct, strengthen, and encourage the faithful to a more fervent life".
See also[edit]
- Apostolate
- Apostle (Christian)
- Associations of the faithful
- Christian ministry, as age-specific ministry, creative and performing arts, community service and outreach.
- Lay ecclesial ministry
- List of Ecclesial movements
- Universal call to holiness
- Vocational Discernment in the Catholic Church
- Pope Pius XII to the Lay Apostolate on October 5, 1957
- Pope Paul VI Apostolicam Actuositatem Nov. 18, 1965
|This article on the Catholic Church, Catholic institutions, and wider society is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

subset: commoncrawl


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Jewish Funds for Justice's Simon Greer: Beck broke his promise to respect the "sensitivity" of the Holocaust
Blog ››› ››› MEDIA MATTERS STAFF
Simon Greer, President and CEO of Jewish Funds for Justice, is the latest prominent Jewish voice to condemn Glenn Beck's smears of philanthropist George Soros, calling them "a form of Holocaust revisionism."
Greer, who was targeted by Glenn Beck on May 28 of this year, says he met with senior Fox News executives in August concerning Beck's statement that putting "the common good" first "leads to death camps," and soon after received a handwritten note from Beck, although one of the Fox News executives reportedly claimed they stood "1000%" behind Beck.
The Anti-Defamation League and other Jewish groups have also today condemned Beck's false smear that Soros helped "send the Jews to the death camps."
From Simon Greer's op-ed today:
Yesterday, Glenn Beck and the leadership of Fox News made a mockery of their commitment to me and two rabbis. Let me take a few steps back to tell you why what happened yesterday scares me.
On Tuesday night, many in our community were gathered together, in Brooklyn, in Dayton, in Santa Barbara. Seventy-two years ago, the homes, shops, and synagogues of many of our parents, grandparents, or great-grandparents were ransacked, broken, and burned as Nazi storm troopers destroyed towns and villages across Germany and Austria. Many historians view Kristallnacht as the beginning of the Final Solution and the Holocaust.
As many of you know, I was the subject of a personal attack by Glenn Beck in May of this year. Responding to an article I wrote supporting a government role to advance the common good, Beck scolded me, declaring that my words "are what led to the death camps in Germany" and that I "as a Jew, should know better." To discuss this and other, similar comments, on July 26, I joined rabbis Steve Gutow and David Ellenson, on behalf of fourteen prominent leaders of national Jewish organizations, in a meeting with Fox News President Roger Ailes and the producer of Glenn Beck's television show, Joel Cheatwood. We spoke for almost an hour about the concerns held by many Jews about Glenn Beck's constant and often inappropriate invocation of the Holocaust and Nazi Germany on the air.
We were assured by Ailes and Cheatwood that they understand our concerns and would explain them to Beck. Two days later, I received a hand-written note from Beck, which stated: "Simon, Joel shared the details of your meeting yesterday. Please know that I understand the sensitivity and sacred nature of this dark chapter in Human History. Thank you for your candor and helpful thoughts."
Yesterday, Glenn Beck and the leadership of Fox News made a mockery of their professed understanding. In his own words, "George Soros used to go around with this anti-Semite and deliver papers to the Jews and confiscate their property and then ship them off. And George Soros was part of it. He would help confiscate the stuff. It was frightening. Here's a Jewish boy helping send the Jews to the death camps."
No one who truly understands "the sensitivity and sacred nature" of the Holocaust would deliberately and grotesquely mischaracterize the experience of a 13-year-old Jew in Nazi-occupied Hungary whose father hid him with a non-Jewish family to keep him alive. Many other Jews survived the attempted extermination of the Jewish people by changing their identities and hiding with Righteous Gentiles. With today's falsehoods, Beck has engaged in a form of Holocaust revisionism.
Of all the new "Tea Party" leaders, Glenn Beck is one of the most vitriolic, and - with more than 800 hours of on-air time a year - the most visible. His portrayal of Soros today as the "Puppet Master," as the special was called, evokes anti-Semitic stereotypes from the "devaluer of many currencies" to "advocate for one world government" from "anti-American" to "thinks he's smarter than the rest of us."
Beck's words have consequences. They advance a world view that ultimately places Jews like Soros in the crosshairs, not unlike what we saw with Father Coughlin in the 1930s or the John Birch Society in the 1950s. Byron Williams, a Beck acolyte who recently engaged in a shoot-out with police on his way to kill "people of importance at the Tides Foundation and the ACLU," shares his hero's hatred of Soros and other "progressives." Given the more than 40 percent of Jews self-identify as liberal, this hatred targets us.
I will be sending a letter with other Jewish leaders to Glenn Beck, Roger Ailes, and Rupert Murdoch, expressing to them what I have expressed to you. I will be in touch with you again tomorrow as we begin to respond to this most recent outrage. Thank you in advance for your continued support in the days and weeks to come.
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The last couple of days have seen a massive change to the phrasal verbs reference area. Along with a new tabbed interface and improved navigation, we've updated the design of the pages and added loads of new features!
If a group has more than 10 phrasal verbs or particles in it, a random selection of questions will be presented for that verb.
We think that this will prove to be a very popular addition to our site and we hope you agree. If you have any suggestions for phrasal verbs that are not listed here, you can submit them to us using our online form.
Categories: Site Content


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3 Min Read
* TSX ends down 74.08 points, or 0.58 percent, at 12,639.97 * Six of 10 main sectors decline * Bombardier shares lose 9 percent after results By John Tilak TORONTO, Feb 21 (Reuters) - Canada's benchmark stock index dropped to a five-week low on Thursday, led by energy and financial shares, as a bigger-than-expected rise in U.S. weekly jobless claims and surprisingly weak euro zone economic data weighed. Bombardier Inc was also a major drag on the market. Its shares fell about 9 percent after the plane maker reported a sharp drop in quarterly profit. "There is a bit of worry creeping into the market. I wouldn't be surprised if the market was to take a pause here or pull back even," said Michael Sprung, president of Sprung Investment Management. The market could slip as much as 10 percent in the event of a correction, he added. Strategists have said the Canadian stock market could be set for a near-term pullback after a rally that took it to 18-month highs, with resource shares seen as especially vulnerable. "There is a bit of pessimism," said Irwin Michael, portfolio manager at ABC Funds. "The market has had a nice run." Canadian shares followed U.S. and global stocks lower after a raft of U.S. data, from claims for jobless aid to factory activity and consumer prices, pointed to slow economic growth. Euro zone purchasing managers' data for February pointed to continued weakness in that region. The Toronto Stock Exchange's S&P/TSX composite index closed down 74.08 points, or 0.58 percent, at 12,639.97. It earlier touched 12,602.54, its lowest point since Jan. 16. Six of the 10 main sectors on the index were in the red. Energy shares slipped 1.2 percent, with oil prices falling to a three-week low on the macroeconomic concerns. Suncor Energy Inc, Canada's largest energy company, fell 1.5 percent to C$31.52, and Canadian Natural Resources Ltd slipped 1.9 percent to C$29.99. Financials, the index's weightiest sector, were down 0.5 percent. Royal Bank of Canada gave back 0.8 percent to C$63.96 and played the biggest role of any one stock in pulling the market lower. The sharp drop in Bombardier shares, which closed at C$3.89, was a drag on the industrials group. The sector slipped 1.7 percent. In other company news, Tim Hortons Inc shares fell nearly 3 percent to C$49.30 after the retailer said customer traffic in its established Canadian coffee shops dropped for a third consecutive quarter.


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Good news for jobseekers – this month's Report on Jobs from KPMG and the Recruitment & Employment Confederation shows both temporary and permanent placement numbers have risen in all regions of the UK.
REC boss Kevin Green said: "Many businesses look for extra temporary workers at this time of year and our members tell us they have seen an increase in demand for call centre, customer service and fulfilment centre staff in the Christmas run-up."
Even if you're after a permanent job, don't disregard a temporary placement as the REC's monthly Jobs Outlook poll shows 25% of people in temp jobs end up on a permanent contract.
Here's our top tips for those looking to find temporary work over the festive period:
- Speak to recruitment agencies in your area to find out what kind of work is available and the skills that employers are looking for.
- If you are considering a new career or fancy taking your existing role in a different direction, temp placements offer a great opportunity to dip your toe in the water.
- Temporary placements are an excellent way to stay in work and add new skills to your CV. It also shows prospective employers that you have remained busy and productive even when work has been thin on the ground.
- If you've been out of the jobs market due to illness, family or care commitments, temporary work can be a less daunting way to ease yourself back into things.


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Timeline screw-up... again
So, folks, looks like Kishi effed up the timeline again:
- When Madara and ōnoki (why don't we have capital ō/ū, btw?) fight, Madara's still a Konoha ninja.
- When ōnoki and the tsuchikage talk, ōnoki is younger than when he fought Madara, while the Tsuchikage is older than when the first kage meeting was held.
- The first kage meeting, however, was only held after Hashirama defeated Madara and collected Kurama and a few other Bijū.
The reason I think this to be a mistake is because when the Tsuchikage lectures onoki, his beard has grown since he met the other kage. Is that enough proof to consider the whole thing as a mistake? Seelentau 愛議 08:15, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
- When was a timeline established for the first meeting except for in this chapter? I think Hashirama was tackling tailed beast way before that, Kurama was possibly the last because he noted that he could "no longer allow him to roam free" or what have view. So he could've had the others but no Kurama. So timeline for me would go: Hashirama has tailed beast except Kurama→ meeting is held (young Tsuchikage)→ other guys get their beasts/$→ Kurama becomes issue→ Madara goes to Mū and Ōnoki and says screw what you agreed to, swear fealty to Konoha. The last two can be interchanged.--Cerez365™(talk) 08:23, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
- But Hashirama wanted to give the beasts to the other countries to balance the power between them, meaning he already had a beast (Kurama), while the others hadn't (except for suna). Seelentau 愛議 08:36, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
- If i may butt in...since Hashi has the power to supress the tailed beasts, i don't believe the balance was threatened in anyway. Darksusanoo (talk) 08:39, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
- But Hashirama wanted to give the beasts to the other countries to balance the power between them, meaning he already had a beast (Kurama), while the others hadn't (except for suna). Seelentau 愛議 08:36, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
- I think Cerez "timeline" is probably on the money, the last two are probably interchangable because like because like Seelentau said, Madara was still a Konoha ninja when he had his meeting with Mu and Ohnoki. Kurama became an issue after Madara used him, which was after he went rouge. Do not forget that Kumo tried to capture Kurama before, with the Gold and Silver Brothers, but they were eaten instead. Since Kurama was sealed inside of Mito after Hashirama's fight with Madara, that means this attempt pre-dates the battle. Ay also explained that after the Gold and Silver Brothers assimilated the Nine-Tails' chakra, another shinobi attempted to do the same with one of Gyuki's tentacles, but died, meaning Gyuki was already in Kumo's possession before Madara and Hashirama's duel, but then again we don't know which Tailed Beast Kumo was given for the agreement. Omega64 (talk) 08:43, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
I think we're forgetting that Madara left, once Hashirama was appointed Hokage. But hey, just b/c the Perriot anime portrayed Madara w/ a Konoha headband, doesnt mean it's right. That's wrong. But back to the point, just b/c Madara was loyal to the "interest" of Konoha, doesnt mean he was still considered a shinobi aligned to it. I cant say for sure if i support either Cerez's or Selen's P.O.V., so i'll, just remain neutral, for now. KotoSenju (OldUser:JaZZBaND)-Talk-Contributions 09:06, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
- Well the problem with that is the Leaf Headband was in both the manga and the anime. Remember, we don't know how much time passed between the creation of the village and Madara's defection. Hashirama was indeed Hokage when Madara defected, but how much time between Hashirama's coronation and Madara's defection afterwards it still unknown. Abandoning your clan and village was probably something that took Madara some time to consider. Remember when he met with Mu and Ohnoki, even though he was a Leaf ninja, he still had a great deal of hatred for Hashirama, as he wouldn't even allow them to say his name. So its perfectly possible that the Five Kage Summit occurred, then Madara fought with Mu and Ohnoki, and finally he defected and used Kurama to attack the Leaf. Omega64 (talk) 09:39, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
Seriously, so the length of his beard is to serve as an evidence? ._. So just because he didn't want to look like a tramp during the meeting but a still mighty and capable representative and so cut his beard, it's a timeline error? 0_0 Disappoint' Seel--Elveonora (talk) 14:13, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
- Yeah, it's one the the weaker arguments I ever had. However, you can't possibly disagree when I say he looks older in the Iwa-room than he does at the meeting? Seelentau 愛議 15:42, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
Gotta say, I don't really see an age difference between the times we've seen the First Tsuchikage. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 23:06, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
- His point is that his beard was shown longer while farting into Onoki's face than when the meeting took place at which point Madara was already "dead"
As I said, he simply cut it or Kishi decided to change his beard ._.--Elveonora (talk) 19:48, September 26, 2013 (UTC)
Guy with Mizukage
Of course this is all speculations so.. But dosn't he seem a bit like a member of the seven ninja swordsmen of the mist (we don't know when they began though). His arm- and leg bands, is similair to those which some of the members from the group had on. Or what do you say? Could be added as trivia somewhere. --Kasan94 (talk) 17:50, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
- Just a coincidence for now, so no. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 23:06, September 25, 2013 (UTC)
um, how exactly did suigetsu know that karin got stabbed by sasuke in the fight with danzo in this chapter?
"you'll just get in the way and get stabbed again"
-suigetsu hozuki in "a shinobi's plea"
--Caseather (talk) 04:43, September 26, 2013 (UTC)
they have been traveling together, and suigetsu been traveling with sasuke even before Karin showed back up. so sasuke or Karin could of simply mentioned it to him.--J spencer93 (talk) 04:46, September 26, 2013 (UTC)
Karin actually brought it up when she reunited with Taka after they resurrected the previous Hokage in Chapter 627. SixthMizukage (talk) 05:06, September 26, 2013 (UTC)
I thought she had mentioned it somewhere, just couldn't remember where.--J spencer93 (talk) 15:26, September 26, 2013 (UTC)
Or you are reading a wrong translation--Elveonora (talk) 19:46, September 26, 2013 (UTC)
if it were a "wrong translation" what else would suigetsu say?--Caseather (talk) 20:19, September 26, 2013 (UTC)
what i read was from "manga panda", what did manga stream translate his line as?--Caseather (talk) 22:33, September 26, 2013 (UTC)
Mangastream's translation also had Karin saying that Sasuke stabbed her. She was mentioning it when she saw that Orochimaru was with them. SixthMizukage (talk) 00:34, September 27, 2013 (UTC)
come on guys... slow down a bit
So Orochimaru's Juinjutsu is now Senjutsu? You are taking what's been said at face value. So Naruto transferring Kurama's chakra makes Chakra Transfer Technique tailed beast skill or something? Unless "x-jutsu" is a requirement to use a technique, the said technique isn't listed as "x-jutsu" how come someone sealing senjutsu chakra and an enzyme into people equals sage technique? So sealing a fire into a scroll makes the used fuuinjutsu a Fire Release or something?--Elveonora (talk) 22:24, September 26, 2013 (UTC)
Well, it's been repeatedly stated in the manga, iirc, that the CS is based on senjutsu/uses it. Take that as you wish. But senjutsu =/= (or != if you like) Sage Mode. The two are different subjects. Senjutsu is, at its core, using natural energy to perform a technique. I agree on the rest, though. --Taynio (talk) 22:31, September 26, 2013 (UTC)
- "Senjutsu (仙術; English TV "Sage Jutsu"; Literally meaning "Sage Techniques") refers to a specialised field of techniques that allows the user to sense and then gather the natural energy (自然エネルギー, shizen enerugī) around a person" Cursed Seal users do neither, senjutsu chakra is being pumped into their bodies from magical tattoo on their intimate parts. Just like the people in alliance with Naruto's Kurama cloaks aren't jinchuuriki, so this is the same.
But thinking about Orochimaru's Juinjutsu more, gotta take back my statement. The point of it is to make bitten subject use senjutsu chakra and as such, the technique in theory could be done without the senjutsu chakra but then it would loose its point. In conclusion, I guess the "senjutsu" classification is justified then... since it's "mandatory" to achieve the desired effect--Elveonora (talk) 23:05, September 26, 2013 (UTC)
So I get it you disagree Cerez? We need more opinions--Elveonora (talk) 21:52, September 27, 2013 (UTC)
- Orochimaru said it was Senjutsu. Has called it Senjutsu before. Said it involved his Senjutsu chakra. I don't know what more you need, Elv. I know its not convenient for a few of your theories; as one, this proves that Sage Mode is not a direct result of molding Senjutsu chakra (i.e, Orochimaru can't use Sage Mode, yet can use Senjutsu chakra, Jugo's chakra has now been stated to be Senjutsu chakra and results in an entirely different transformation, etc). But when Kishi, through Orochimaru, states that the cursed seals are a direct result of Senjutsu, then that's exactly what it is. You're not going to change anyone's mind by arguing against the manga. ~ Ten Tailed Fox 22:04, September 27, 2013 (UTC)
- This poking of yours was completely unneeded. In case you didn't notice, above I've also come to the conclusion that it might as well be Senjutsu. For the rest, I guess you just couldn't help but to be an asshole. So gotta play equally:
- yes, Sage Mode is a direct result of molding Senjutsu chakra and Orochimaru can use it
- you might have missed the point of the topic, the chapter hasn't said anything new we didn't know already before, it's about logic behind classifying it as Senjutsu. On one hand I also conclude as such because it's the idea behind the technique, to transfer Senjutsu chakra, on the other I disagree as just because a fuuinjutsu is used to transfer x it doesn't make it the x
Naruto transfers Kurama's chakra to everyone, does that make it a tailed beast skill?--Elveonora (talk) 22:20, September 27, 2013 (UTC)


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Washington, DC —Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid joined Senate Armed Services Committee member Jack Reed and Jon Soltz of VoteVets.Org for a press conference earlier today to urge passage of critical funding for our troops in Afghanistan.
This week, as U.S. troops begin major operations in Kandahar, the heart of Afghanistan's Taliban country, Senate Democrats are working to pass emergency legislation that would fund the 30,000 additional troops in Afghanistan, a policy that was announced last December. The President's plan to increase troops in Afghanistan has received bipartisan support. Now that our fighting men and women have been deployed, Democrats are urging Republicans to join them in providing our troops with the resources they need.
The Department of Defense has requested Congress swiftly pass this funding in order to avoid costly and counterproductive disruptions to military operations.
"We have over 600 National Guardsmen from Nevada alone deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, and it is our job to make sure that they can do their job," said Senate Majority Leader Reid. "That's why Democrats are leading the effort to make sure our troops have the equipment and resources they need to succeed. Unfortunately, some Republicans are now threatening to block this critical funding. I hope Republicans will join Democrats to make sure our troops have the tools they need to keep America safe and complete their mission."
"President Obama has drastically scaled down the size of the supplemental and encouraged the defense budgeting process to better incorporate wartime spending, but there is still a dire need for this supplemental," said Senator Reed. "Members who voted to send our troops into harm's way and never raised a fuss about paying for the war under President Bush are now trying to score political points. They aren't looking to make hard choices, they are looking to make campaign commercials, and continue their agenda of "no" to fixing the mess the Bush-Cheney administration left behind."
"For Republicans to oppose funding for our troops in the field is unconscionable," said Jon Soltz of VoteVets.Org. "It also makes no sense. They've largely supported President Obama's execution of the war in Afghanistan, we still have troops in Iraq, a war that they supported. So, we're left with no other conclusion than this is just about politics – playing politics with our troops."
This Month


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Oportunitati de emitere a obligatiunilor municipale in Republica Moldova
Current problems of public finance related to imbalances that exist both in the national public budget, and the state budget, but mainly at the local public finance, is based on more than one source, so the budget-fiscal nature, administrative and in terms of local and regional economic development. One of the least addressed issues of local public finance specialists, is the correlation related to finance public capital market, that is the issue of financial instruments by local authorities on national and international capital markets. Therefore, in this article address this issue. Paper: http://ccefa.spiruharet.ro/materiale/dder.pdf
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Chelsea football ace Daniel Sturridge has been having tests for viral meningitis, it was revealed last night.
The 22-year-old striker, who has twice played for England, fell ill over the weekend and it could crush his hopes for playing in the London Olympics after he was named in the Team GB squad.
He was admitted to St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London, for tests.
Although his condition was said to have improved over the past 48 hours, his place is in jeopardy as he awaits more test results.
Sources revealed team boss Stuart Pearce would leave the door open for Sturridge.
One said last night: "We are waiting for a medical assessment to come in over the next few days.
"We understand that it is a case of suspected viral meningitis which is the less serious of the two possible strains.
"But it would need to be properly assessed in terms of the training schedule."
Pearce has until July 25 to select a replacement, should Sturridge have to withdraw.
The squad already has the four over-23 players allowed so David Beckham, who is on standby, could not replace Sturridge.
A possible replacement is believed to be Huddersfield striker Jordan Rhodes.
Sources close to Sturridge tonight said he had been allowed home to recover.
Pearce's squad is set to meet at the Team GB holding camp in Loughborough next weekend.
Sue Davie, chief executive of the Meningitis Trust, told Sky Sports News: "I can't comment on specific cases but if it's viral meningitis it's a less severe form, although it can be very debilitating.
"A sufferer can have symptoms such as headaches, tiredness, a stiff neck, nausea, vomiting and a dislike of bright lights. It can go on for months.
"It can't be treated with antibiotics very much. It's about resting and getting proper care in hospital, being looked after well and making a full recovery.
"But it will take a little while. I would imagine his doctors will say to him he needs to rest and take care."


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Calling all transfer students! You can attend monthly information sessions tailored to your needs.
The Office of Admissions holds special information sessions just for transfer students on one Saturday each month and select Fridays. If you can't attend one of these special transfer sessions, please feel free to attend a daily information session instead.


text: On Mon, Feb 20, 2012 at 08:36:56PM +0100, Andrej Mitrovic wrote: > On 2/20/12, Juan Manuel Cabo <juanmanuel.cabo at gmail.com> wrote: > > will be trouble. Instead please do: > > > > "The '%1$s' file's size is %2$d which is wrong" > > > > That is the shittiest formatting specifier ever invented. The > unreadability of it is why I never, ever, use it. Python solved this > nicely with its {0} {1} syntax: > > >>> print '{0} and {1}'.format('foo', 'bar') Actually, even that isn't ideal. How is the translator to know what on earth {0} and {1} are? Sometimes you need to know in order to make a good translation. This would be even better: "The ${file}'s size is ${size}, which is wrong" The usefulness of named arguments is even more apparent in complex message like this one: "${file}:${line}: Expecting ${expectedtoken}, got ${inputtoken}" Without named parameters, you'd have: "{0}:{1}: expecting {2}, got {3}" which is almost impossible to translate. What are {0} and {1}? What are {2} and {3}? Does it mean "12:30pm: expecting program to succeed, got general protection fault"? Using named parameters makes it clear this is a parser error, not something else. This difference may mean using a completely different grammatical structure to translate the message. T -- Never ascribe to malice that which is adequately explained by incompetence. -- Napoleon Bonaparte


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Answers about Bank Account Disclosures
A local bank advertised a free checking account. I signed up. Now the bank is charging me for checks and for overdrafts. Isn't this misleading?
Under banking laws and regulations, a national bank cannot advertise a free account if you could be charged a maintenance or activity fee. But your bank can offer a free account and still charge for certain services such as check printing, ATM use, or overdrafts.


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Saturday, Oct. 5, 2013 8 p.m. to 8 p.m.
Location: American Legion Post 84, Orono, Maine
ORONO, Maine — Rockin' Ron and New Society Band will provide 1950s and '60s music for Dance to the Oldies 8 p.m.-midnight, Oct. 5, at American Legion Post 84 in Orono. Kitchen opens at 6 p.m. Bring your own beverages. $10 cover charge benefits the Legion for community projects.


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Electrical Questions? Ask an Electrician Online.
The Breaker switch to my AC in my home flips off intermittently. When this happens the main breaker flips as well. I had an AC guy come out and he says the ac unit is bad and needs replaced. The breaker only flips about once a day and the ac is running and cooling perfectly. Could it be a bad breaker or do I need to replace the ac?
Welcome. My name is XXXXX XXXXX would be glad to assist.
When you say it trips once a day, is there any repetition on the time it trips during the day? Or is it completely random?
What is it that the HVAC tech is stating is wrong as to why it needs replacing?
It trips and random times. He says the compressor its self is faulty.
He indicated it is not grounding properly and the unit might be locking up when causes it to pull more electric than it should
Compressors will definitely act that way when reaching their end of life. They are nothing more than an electric motor and when the windings begin to fail, they cause a high inrush at times and trip the breaker. Or if the pumping section is weakening, it will do the same thing.
I dont know what he means by "not grounding properly", compressors operate off 240 volts and dont use a ground.
Have you measured the inrush current?
Or just normal operating current?
I just don't want to replace the ac then have to call and electrician later to fix something else. I will ask him about the grounding. It is a 30 amp unit going to a 30 amp breaker that flips and his major concern was the main breaker to the house flipping at the same time the ac flips.
Ok, the main breaker, is it 150 or 200?
No i have not done anything. I was just confused about the randomness of the breaker tripping. I just thought if the ac was really bad it would flip every time it tries to come on.
What size is the main?
I am not sure. Its a small 2000 squire foot house so probally just 150
The main should not be tripping. The 30 amp to the unit should trip prior to getting to the main. I would be suspect on the 30 amp for sure, as it it should trip on any issue and there should be no current for the main to see after it trips.
Yeah that's what he said.
As for the compressor, under normal operating, when they START, they will pull 4-7 times normal. So when they are beginning to show signs of failure, either in the windings or the pump section, that amperage will escalate way beyond that number. That is why it is random and sometimes works fine. That is what happens and is to be expected.
If it is completely shorted, then it would trip everytime it starts
They should have documented on the service ticket, the start amperage and running amps.
Without that information, it is difficult to know what is happening. But the 30 should be replaced either way, even if you get a new unit. It is not operating properly
Ok, thank you. I will have an electrician come out and replace the amp then go from there.
Might also try a "hard start kit" on the ac compressor
Whats a hard start kit?
It is a beefed up capacitor to help it start without pulling high amperage
Sometimes they work somnetimes not, knowing what the amperage is now helps to determine if they will help
Ok will check it out


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How 10 VARs Became Cloud Computing Superstars
9 Feb 2013 | No Comments | posted by Avnet SellCloud | in Uncategorized
From Plain Old VAR To Cloud Superstar
Making the radical technology and business model transformation to compete in the cloud services market has proved to be a Herculean task for VARs that have built big businesses providing on-premise hardware and software infrastructure. One top executive for a cloud computing upstart estimates that less than 20 percent of the current crop of VARs will be able to make the transition to the transformative cloud model. Here are 10 VARs that have crossed the cloud computing chasm and transformed themselves into cloud computing superstars.
Check out the rest of CRN's special report on solution providers and the cloud, available exclusively on the CRN Tech News App.
Article source: http://www.pheedcontent.com/click.phdo?i=31f3a749a9c0ad23e9fcb6201e563c76


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Expedia car hire in Curacao comes with No Hidden Fees
At Expedia, our goal is to offer you a variety of Curacao car hire discounts at the very best price to suit our customer`s needs. We offer car hire comparisons in Curacao from compact economy cars with low consumption to luxury or off road solutions, depending on your preference. Every Curacao rental car we feature will come fully equipped with the latest amenities and safety features that ensure your trips will be safe, convenient and comfortable. It has never been easier to find a rental car in Curacao. We offer you competitive prices and up-to-date information, ensuring quality and efficiency for all our visitors, at all times. Book your Curacao rental car today and enjoy your holiday, or get anywhere in time for your business meetings. At Expedia, we understand that travelling can be a hassle if you are not well organized, which is why we provide a variety of car types to compare and choose from for all types of travellers. Your next cheap car hire in Curacao is now just a few clicks away, at Expedia.


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Consumerism At Warren Wilson College
By Zoe Keefer-Norris
Warren Wilson College
This paper explains how students attitudes towards money and consumerism at Warren Wilson have changed since the sixties and why this change has occurred. It examines how the economic backgrounds as well as patterns and values learned growing up affect students consumerism at Wilson. This paper looks into the difference between being working class and poor, and acting working class and poor, and how this difference affects dress and status at Warren Wilson. In conclusion the paper shows that the amount students consume has gone up very little over the years, but the reasons that people continue to consume very little are very different from the reasons students in the past consumed little.
This research project looks at consumerism at Warren Wilson College today and in the past. I have interviewed nine alumni who graduated between 1960 and 1979 and eleven current students. In these interviews, I questioned students and alumni about how much money they have/had in college and where this money comes/came from. We talked about what this money is used for and how money in general is viewed at Warren Wilson. With the information I gathered in these interviews, I have begun to analyze a number of issues involving money and consumerism at Warren Wilson College. The following paper looks into some of the ideas that emerged from my interviews.
As I talked with students from the past, I began to see the changes that have taken place at Warren Wilson over the past forty years. When I began the alumni interviews, I was stuck with the differences between Warren Wilson in the 60s and Warren Wilson today. But as I interviewed more and more students and alumni my impression began to change. The differences stopped seeming so vast, and similarities and consistencies became more clear. There are still many things that seem to be completely different today than they were in the days of yore, but there are also a large number of things that have hardly changed at all.
The first part of this paper will present a brief history of the consumerism patterns of Warren Wilson students over the last forty years. This section of the paper will talk about how student's consumerism patterns are influenced early in life and then speak about how these influences changed in college. It will give insight into how much money students have/had at their disposal and how they spend/spent this money. Transportation into town and the effects that the availability of rides has had on students consumerism habits will also be examined. Directly related to the issue of transportation is the issue of how much people needed things off campus. The idea that everything that was needed could be bought or obtained on campus will be looked at in terms of how it affected and is affecting student consumerism. The last thing that will be examined in this first section will be how students believe advertising has affected consumerism at Warren Wilson. By the end of this first part of my paper I hope that my reader will have an idea of how consumerism in general has changed and what has affected this change at Warren Wilson college.
The second part of this paper will discus the change in social ideals that has taken place at this school. I will talk about the move from wanting to fit in with a social group to needing to be an individual. This section will discuss into whether the idea of the individual plays out in reality or only in theory and how consumerism and the things students buy, own, and wear affect these changing ideals.
As a follow up to the discussion on the changing ideals of fitting in, I will broach the subject of what clothing is needed to fit in. This is one area where students' ideals have changed immensely in keeping with the larger American trends. I will discuss the move from the desire and virtue of looking nice to the esthetic value of looking grungy. Closely related to this change is the change in the amount of money the average Wilson student had/has. The school moved from attracting fairly poor students to attracting a more middle class enrollment. This part of the paper will delve into how the change in family income affected the peoples ideas about money.
The final section of this paper will discus what students and alumni at Warren Wilson think about consumerism today. This discussion is a final testimony to the similarities of students from all different generations at Warren Wilson. It shows without a doubt that the type of students who have attended Warren Wilson in the past held the same ideas on issues of consumerism and money as the students today.
This paper in it's entirety will prove that students today consume approximately the same amount of stuff as students in the past. The difference in their consumerism is not in the way they consume but in the way they think about consumption. Students of the past consumed very little because they had very little money, had no access to town, and grew up with strong values of saving money. Students today consume very little, because they are aware of the environmental issues involved in consumerism, understand that it is not cool to have a lot of money, and try to emulate the working class look of the old farm school. Although the reasons are different, the consumerism patterns have stayed the same since the 1960s.
How Much Money Students Have and Had
Everyone's consumerism patterns are affected by the amount of money they have growing up. This is an idea that almost everyone of my interviewees confirmed, as they gave me examples of how their parents income affected their consumerism. If a child is raised with rich parents, they are most likely accustomed to being able to afford anything they want, whether they are allowed to buy it or not. For children raised by poor parents, buying only what is absolutely necessary is the norm. "Mom would shop and get day old bread to save money. To me that was embarrassing. It had an affect on me; we were the people who couldn't afford everything else. Town I grew up in was very stratified between wealthy and poor (male, 1961)." Children learn their consumerism habits first from their parents. "Mom, whenever she got depressed, would take us shopping and buy us lots of new clothes. I'm an impulse buyer, but I am a lot better than I used to be but still" (female, junior). Children see what their parents buy and, from a young age, desire things of their own.
Most of the students at Warren Wilson in the 1960's came from
families with little money. "At that time it was a mission school everyone from the same back ground, no one had much money" (female, 1969). Many of these families had a strong affiliation with the Presbyterian church and sent their children to Warren Wilson for the religious connection. Other students came from parents who could not afford to send their children to a normal college and chose Wilson because of the financial help the work program offered. "We had very little. I had an older brother in college and younger two years after. Three of us in college together was very hard. I came to Warren Wilson because we could afford it" (female, 1969). No matter what the students reason for coming to Wilson was, most of the families they came from were not wealthy. Two former students had these comments on the financial background of Wilson students:
Many [students] had no [money] and couldn't afford to buy decent clothes. Wilson
attracted that kind of student. There were some who were church related, and they had a
fair amount of money, and one student from mid east, he was very wealthy and
brought his slave with him. They sent the slave back. Students had less money than
other college students; that was their [Warren Wilson's] mission (male, 1961).
Everyone was poor here. There were people who came from good homes but no one with
money. I don't remember anyone with money. Someone I knew went here who had money
but was not comfortable so he transferred (female, 1966).
This man's response was typical of the people I interviewed from the 1960's. Most of them explained that they had very little money to spend in college, and any money they had was sent to them by their parent in small amounts once in awhile.
Students from the early seventies had about the same amount of money as students in the sixties. Most students worked during the summer to save up money for the rest of the year. "My parent sent me some money, but I made most [money]in the summer painting; I also worked at summer camps" (female, 1975). During the summer students would do most of their shopping for clothes and other necessities so that shopping during the school year was not necessary. "During the summer I did a wide variety of secretarial jobs; I made maybe five something an hour. Most my clothes were bought during the summer with this money" (female, 1972). Other students worked during the summer so they could afford to buy material for clothing. A female 1961 graduate told me that she made all of her own clothing, because it was cheaper that way. She would buy the material during the summer while she was working and then make the clothing during the school year.
Students today tend to have a lot more money than students of the
past. As one female junior pointed out, "Wilson students today are coming from higher income brackets then ever before". Many students get sent a monthly check from parents of anywhere from $50 to $350. "My parents give me $320 a month and I have a job off campus on the weekends cooking Scottish food for festivals. I make $6 an hour at the job" (male, senior). Another student gave me similar information on where the money he has at school comes from: "My mom gives me $100 a month, and the rest is from working during breaks. Right now I only have money from Christmas break left and about $300 in the bank left over from mom and vacation money" (male, junior). Other students do odd jobs such as baby sitting or yard work to make extra cash. "I baby-sit three days a week make about $100 a week. Also have a bank account with some money in it" (female, sophmore).
In the past I worked in a law office. Now I work in a Sunday school and make $20 a week. I
work summers and breaks. I work for my mom in the summer plus the $20 I make a week. RA
money I make $150 a term (female, junior).
Students today make more money to spend than students in the past.
On top of making money while at school, many students today come to school with a bank account with money in it. Some students have checking accounts, and almost all students have a savings account. These accounts hold money from working summers or part time jobs in high school. One female freshman explained that she has a "savings account and the money made working and money from parents, dad sends $50 a month and mom puts $1000 in to my account at the beginning of each year". Because of the work program, most students at Warren Wilson have never had time to hold even part time jobs off campus. Those students who do choose to take off campus jobs end up working late at night and on weekends.
Peers and Parents Influence
Not only are people's consumerism patterns affected by the amount of money their parents had, they are also influenced by their parents consumerism patterns. Traditionally adults have been the biggest consumers. They are the natural spenders, because they are the ones with the money. Most of them have jobs and incomes, therefore they have money to spend. In the past it has been these people that the consumerism industry has aimed their advertising towards. But in the 1960s consumerism moved on to a younger generation, that of the children in America. According to O'Neil (1996), "93% of girls list shopping as their favorite pastime." These girls have learned to shop in part from their friends but mostly from following their parents example.
The students and alumni I interviewed claimed to have been profoundly influenced by the way their parents spent money. People expressed having learned the values of saving money and looking for sales early in life from their parents. One female senior explained what she learned about consumerism growing up:
Mom takes you shopping and we looked for sales, clipped coupons, and she told me
not to worry about buying at cheaper places, brands aren't the best things to judge by,
and don't skip too much on quality. Most kids in school didn't have any idea of this.
Very few kids in school were working their way through, there were mostly rich kids
or farm kids.
This narrative tells not only of the influence her parents had on her consumerism patterns but also about the difference she felt from the other students at her high school. When asked later whether she felt that same separation at Wilson, she explained that money was not an issue at Wilson, but she still felt that she consumed less than other Wilson students.
According to David Riesman, a social theorist who wrote in the 1940's, today's society is what he describes as other directed. This theory describes how our society has moved away from a family-orientation to a peer group orientation with the move from early to present capitalism. Along with the switch from family to the peer groups came a change in how status was gained. Riesman states that, when the family was important in the inner directed societies etiquette, was the main way a person could gain status. Today, in our other directed societies where the peer group acts as the most important socializer, material objects and consumerism have taken the place of etiquette ( Riesman, pp.257-268).
When one person buys a new item of clothing, a friend must approve of it in order
for the wearer to be cool. Because of this, peers are the biggest advertisements around. If a person were never exposed to TV, magazines, or department stores, they would still know what was cool and what was not, simply by having friends (Riesman, pp.157-167). For the college student, the family is no longer an active part of daily life, but the peer group is more active than ever. As I went into my research I expected to find Riesman's arguments about the importance of the peer group to be true. I initially thought that in the sixties and seventies students would have been more affected by their parents than students today. But the results of my interviews did not prove this to be true. The more I talked to students about what affected their consumerism patterns at school, the more I heard the same answer: their families. "Most of my favorite clothes are ones that my mom has bought me and sent me at school, or ones that I bought while I was shopping with her" (female, junior). Most students, alumni and current, admitted to following the same consumerism patterns in school that they had learned from their families. When asked how their friends affect their consumerism most people replied like this: "They don't affect me. Only when they say, let's go eat. Or they tell me about sales" (female sophomore). Alumni and current students gave this same story.
Although Riesman's theory on the influence of the peer group in an other directed society did not seem to be accurate at Warren Wilson, he did hit right on with his idea of a change from a focus on etiquette to a focus on material wealth. The biggest value for students at Warren Wilson in the sixties and early seventies was looking nice. Over and over again in interviews, alumni recalled to me that the most important thing in what they bought at the time they were in college was "looking nice".
I was raised at home where you didn't go out unless your were neat and tidy. If I was going to
work on a campus crew I wore jeans and old shoes and when I was going to diner I looked neat
and tidy (female, 1968).
Looking nice was a value I picked up growing up. Meant a lot socially in the fifties how
you dressed. Most kids then were being conformist. Then value was that people who
dressed well were respected and self esteem was better if I could look nice and afford
nice clothing. Jeans with holes were a thing associated with bad money standards (male,
Both of these narratives show the importance that looking "neat and tidy" had in the 1960's. The first one shows how the values learned from her parents at home continued to affect the way the woman dressed at school. The second expresses something beyond the simple etiquette of looking nice, it shows how people who did not dress nice were viewed. When the speaker talks about "jeans with holes", he associates the people who wear them with being poor. Today jeans with holes are part of the virtue of looking grungy.
Pierre Bourdieu (1984) writes about what it means to have cultural capital. He talks about how people are affected by what they chose to wear and own because of how those things portray the owner to the rest of society. Bourdieu writes
Taste classifies and it classifies the classifier. Social subjects, classified by their classifications,
distinguish themselves by the distinctions they make, between the beautiful and the ugly, the
distinguished and the vulgar, in which their positions in an objective classifications is
expressed or betrayed (Bourdieu, pp.6).
In America in the sixties looking nice and wearing nice clothes signified that someone deserved respect and came from a respectable family. No matter how much money someone had, if they looked nice, they were displaying a certain amount of cultural capital; showing that they knew what the public dress code was. For students at Wilson, looking nice was an extension of this cultural capital that Bourdieu explains.
Today, students at Wilson no longer follow the dress code of the main stream culture. The subculture of Wilson has created it's own style and way of dressing that gives students a signifier for classifying other students. Thornton(1995) refers to the knowledge people in a subculture hold about the special sense of style within a subculture as subcultural capital. In her article, she discusses how people are classified within a subculture by the amount of knowledge about the subculture they display through dress and behavior. Thornton writes that "Subcultural capital confers status on its owner in the eyes of the relevant beholder"(Thornton, pp. 202). At Wilson, students show the amount of subcultural capital they have by dressing grungy and hard core.
Students at Warren Wilson today no longer care about looking nice. They do not feel that they are respected more or have a higher self confidence if they look nice. Looking nice is no longer a way to show gain subcultural capital. Instead, quite the opposite is true; students feel more comfortable when they look grungy. One sophomore girl told me, "I think I can wear the same thing five days in a row and it really does not matter. There's this weird aesthetic value that grungy dirty is attractive and sexy and comfortable". From my observations of students at Warren Wilson, this sophomore is not the only one who holds this opinion. "I like jeans with holes; I think they're sexy" (female, freshman). Many students on all different crews can be seen wearing jeans with holes, unwashed sweatshirts, and dreaded hair. These are considered cool today just as looking nice was a virtue in the sixties.
Advertising and Owning the Right Brands
As well as not caring how nice they look, today's student values brands and owning stuff much more today than in the past. This is the second part of Riesman's idea of the other directed-society, that status is gained through owning the right things rather than etiquette. Many alumni have told me that "Commercial branding wasn't prevalent. Only the way it looked was important" (male, 1971) when they were in school. Today people are very concerned with owning lots of stuff and the right brands.
The obsession in America with owning lots of stuff has been labeled Affluenza. Uebelherr (2000) discusses the negative affects of Affluenza on both adults and children. He explains that Americans have blurred wants and needs, losing the ability to delay gratification and tolerate frustration. People have also lost "the ability to focus on not for sale items such as community, family, and spirituality (Uebelherr, pp.1)." Although many Wilson students may deny that there is any obsession with owning lots of stuff or the right brands at school, it seems evident through my observations that many people are concerned with such things.
There are many brands and items at Warren Wilson that students feel a need to own. These may not be the same items as people at other schools feel pressure to own, but there are definitely certain brands that people here wear. Many people interested in buying hiking boots end up getting Sundowner boots by Vasque. "I needed a new pair of hiking boots last year and I immediately decided to by Sundowners. Lots of people I know have them and love them" (male, senior). Nalgene water bottles are a must have on campus. They are so well known and wide spread at Warren Wilson that people don't even know them as water bottles but rather by their brand name, "Nalgene". Most well known of all brand names at Wilson is Carhartt. I will discuss the significance of this brand later in the paper. So why are people today so much more concerned about owning the right stuff then the students before them? Advertising has an influential affect on the important of branding.
Most Alumni could not recall any advertising when they were in college. One woman who graduated in 1966 said "I didn't have a TV until I was 14, or a phone and there were no adds I remember until then. I don't remember reading magazines. No, I wouldn't say there was any advertising." While at school, students didn't have access to TV, new papers, or magazines, so any advertising that did filter in came in the form of billboards. During the 1960's and seventies advertising had just begun to be aimed at youth. Up until then adults were believed to be the ones who controlled the money so they were the ones targeted my advertising companies, after the fifties the advertising companies began to focus their attention on the youth of America. Students at Warren Wilson remained relatively unaffected by advertisements, because they were not exposed to TV, news papers, or magazines.
Today children are the biggest growing group of consumers in America, and the advertising companies direct most of their ads to this group. Children do not have their own source of income through work, but they have their parent's money to spend.
Through advertising, companies represent American values, ideals, and fantasies to get people to buy their product. Advertising companies do not sell simply products, they sell ideas. Car companies sell sport utility vehicles that will boost your social status, makeup companies sell foundations that will let the real you shine, and clothing companies sell clothes that will make you more hard core. People seldom buy things for what they are but rather for what they mean. "In the way we live now, it is simply impossible to consume objects without consuming meaning" (Twitchell 2000, pp.2).
The meanings that advertisements hold changed drastically in he late 1960's. According to Frank (1998), advertising agencies used the cultural revolution that was taking place at this time to sell products. They used the idea of rebellion, individualism, and anti-consumerism to sell products.
Then, in 1967 and 1968, advertising and menswear executives seized upon the counterculture
as the preeminent symbol of the revolution in which they were engaged, embellishing both
their trade literature and their products with images of rebellious, individualistic youth (Frank,
pp. 27).
Although these ideas were coming out of the youth counterculture of the time, products were not marketed for youth. The ideas of the youth were used to sell the idea of youth and staying young to adults with money. It was not until the late 1970's, when younger people began to be active in the consumerism picture, that advertising agencies actually began to target the younger age group.
Warren Wilson students were not, and are still not, affected by advertising as much as mainstream American youth, because they live in a separated community. Because of the lack of transportation and restrictive rules, many students in the sixties only left campus once in awhile. "We couldn't leave campus except Saturdays; we weren't allowed to. There was a bus that went into town, but I only remember going once" (female 1966). "We had to walk down to 70 to get the bus to Asheville. One time we even walked into town" (male, 1966). "We hitchhiked to Swannanoa to order a
hamburger. Couldn't have cars on campus" (male, 1971). There was no easy access to town like the shuttle and private cars provide today.
Not only did not having transportation affect student's access to advertising, it also affected how much people could shop. One female 1969 graduate recalled that they "weren't allowed to have cars so there was little opportunity to get stuff." Students today are allowed to have cars and with the shuttle they have more access to town and shopping. "When cars were allowed here that changed peoples access to store and consuming and buying stuff. The shuttle further helps people get to town and buy. You may say 'oh I'm just going into town to hangout' but you end up buying a coffee" (male, senior). But even with this transportation many students still shop very little and are seldom exposed to advertisements. "Occasionally I see advertisement and I'll be like ooh that's something I might like but most the time I don't see any so they don't affect me" (female, freshman). Although students are more exposed to advertising then their predecessors, many claim to be very aware of advertising and try to avoid being affected by it.
I mentioned some of the important brands to Warren Wilson students and the most important one turned out to be Carhartt. Carhartt is a brand of work clothing made for people doing manual labor. They are tough, durable, and expensive. The company makes pants, overalls, jackets, hats, shirts; you name it they sell it. More then half of the students at Warren Wilson own one or more Carhartt item; I own a pair of pants. This brand tells a lot about the relationship between students thoughts on money and social class, and their actions toward money and social class at Warren Wilson. The Carhartt brand is known as the brand you wear if you are working a manual labor job on campus. "I love Carhartts. They make me feel tough, hard core", explained one female sophomore on the landscaping crew. If you are on the Landscaping crew, Natural Resources, Farm, Carpentry or any number of other get dirty crews, carhartts are a must have.
Although most students today come from middle class, not working class families, they see a certain desirable ideal in the working class person that they try to emulate. I have seen many boys come in with long hair or dreads, wearing flowy pants and hippie shirts who cut their hair and don carhartts in their first year here to take on a working class look. The same thing can be observed happening to many girls on campus. "I bought a pair of carhartts my freshman year. I wore a lot of skirts in high school, I looked kind of hippie but when I came to college I kind of changed my style" (female, senior). Carhartts are an extension and exaggeration of this desired working class look. One man exclaimed to me the irony of the attempt to look working class; "It's so funny how Bob is so 'farm boy' now. When he first came he had dreads. He isn't from the a farm at all he is from Raleigh." So why do students have a desire to be working class? I believe many students connect Warren Wilson with the farm school it used to be. The boys of the farm school had to work to go to school and came from rural farm families. Today many students in a back to the land, back to the farm sort of spirit want to keep the ideals of the old farm school alive. In order to do this not only do they dress the part they also reject the dominant idea that a person must have a lot of money to be happy.
Although advertisements are aimed at young people in America, students at Warren Wilson are influenced little by these adds. Because students are exposed to these adds minimally they seldom feel the pressure that advertisements can cause. "I used to get beauty magazines like YM, but not anymore. I hardly have time to get my work done, reading newspapers and watching TV are out of the question" (female, sophomore). Advertising is not none existent for students at Wilson but when it does make it's way to campus it is typically viewed with skepticism. Students are aware of the affects advertising has on things like branding and consumerism and try to avoid being affected by them. "I know I am being affected by the capitalist system so I try to avoid ads and stuff like that so I won't get sucked in" (male, freshman). They are still very affected by brands but the brands that are most influential tend to revolve around being working class and hard core.
Working Class
As I conducted interviews with alumni and students I noticed a difference in the way they talked about money. Alumni openly admitted to growing up in poor families and never having much money. They talked of having friends in school who had more money then they did. One man said "My best friend was the son of the Tobacco owner. They had a mansion he had a huge toy train and that was hard. I knew I would never be able to have stuff like that" (male, 1961). The current students used a different language when talking about money. Coming for the most part from higher income families yet playing into the working class ideal, they felt a need to justify any shopping trip with the fact that they only bought stuff on sale, or only shopped at thrift shops. If I asked them about something they were wearing that looked expensive they would justify it by saying it was a gift, was bought on sale, or was found somewhere. Not very many students would simply admit to buying expensive things.
I have mentioned that Carhartts are at the heart of this working class ideal. I have also mentioned that carhartts are not cheap. As one student pointed out, "Carhartts are expensive. They cost $40 a pair and overalls cost $80 and lined ones are even more. But so many people on campus have them"(male, senior). This shows that the ideal of having no money is not always put into practice. People may say they buy things only on sale or at thrift stores but when it comes to buying things that will help them look more working class there is a different story.
I am not saying that students at Wilson really are buying expensive things all the time and lying about how they got them. Rather I am making the point that there is a need to justify spending money and owning expensive stuff. A student from 1965 might have owned a $40 wool skirt and when asked where they got it they would give a straight up answer saying they bought it from Sears with the money they saved from the summer. A student today owning that same skirt would answer the same question by saying that they got it on sale during the summer and it was the only thing they bought new that month. This is the answer one student gave me that fits into this discourse of justifying money spent on clothes, "This skirt I'm wearing I bought at the mall. I just happened to be at the mall. It was a 70% off sale at the express so I bought it. It was ten bucks" (female, junior). This person felt a need to justify buying something new as well as shopping at the mall. She did not simply say "I went to the mall", she explained that she "just happened to be at the mall". By going to the mall one is participating in the main stream American idea of shopping, an idea that is looked down upon.
Not having money is the expected thing for Wilson students. One alumni noticed this phenomenon and mentioned it in her interview, "Today people have money but pretend not to" (female, 1966). In an interview with a female freshman I asked a question about her money situation. This is the answer she gave me:
At Wilson it's not cool to have money at all. Sometimes I get embarrassed to wear
nice clothes; it's not cool here. I guess it's getting better. I wrote a paper on it and I am
coming to terms with it. So I spend money when I need something or it strikes my
This answer perfectly captures the idea that Warren Wilson students value, the ideal of being working class Americans.
Students in the sixties and seventies did not pretend to be working class people because they were. Many of them tried to get away from their working class back ground by dressing nice and getting an education. That was one of the reasons they were in college. When I asked one man what crew at school he had been on he said "farm crew the first year and boiler crew the second year. I liked boiler crew better because I had to work on a farm from age twelve to make money and it was just hard work" (male, 1966). He went on to explain to me about how growing up working class made him want to get an education and not have to farm for the rest of his life. This idea is the opposite of the current Wilson students desire to be working class. They don't seem to understand the real life ramifications that go along with being a farmer.
Alternative Community
This ideal of being poor is not based solely on a desire to be working class. Part of the ideology behind not spending a lot of money comes from Warren Wilson's status as an alternative community. "Wilson is a little more alternative so it is less [consumeristic] then other schools. We all go free boxing" (female, sophomore). What is meant by alternative in this statement? As I see it alternative at Warren Wilson means that people do not follow the same trends as the larger society. They are more conscious of the environmental problems involved in consumerism and the injustices involved in big business. Because of this consciousness students are less likely to go to the mall or shop at stores like Wal-mart. This freshman told me of how being conscious of environmental issues effects her consumerism.
I like to support independently owned places. I would like to do that more. I feel guilty when
I go to big stores like Wal-mart. I go there because it's cheaper. It's so hard because I want to
support people in same position as me but I can't afford to."
Many students refuse to shop at big businesses and try to support local business owners.
In trying to be as environmentally friendly as possible many students buy only environmentally friendly products. The problem is that it is often hard to tell what products are environmentally friendly. Many companies today use green-washing to make their products look better for the environment. Green-washing is the use of environmentally friendly ideas to sell products to people who are environmentally conscience. Some products really are environmentally friendly while others simply use slogans, and pictures to make their products appear more environmentally friendly (Bell 1998 pp.55). The consumer industry has commodified nature in an attempt to sell more of their products (Conca 1999, pp.2). Because Warren Wilson students like to think of themselves as environmentally aware people, they are more likely to buy products that look more natural or say something about being environmentally friendly. Green-washing makes it hard to tell what is and what isn't environmentally friendly.
Warren Wilson's status as an environmentally friendly place that is different from other colleges encourages students to consume less. Students are generally more aware of environmental problems involved in consumerism and tend to shop consciously. There are students who enjoy the mall and buying new things but they are few at Warren Wilson, and even they feel pressure to be aware of what they are consuming.
Fitting In
The idea of being an individual that entered advertising in the late 1960's shows it's face in full form at Warren Wilson today. Students are very concerned with being individuals and this shows up in the way they dress and the things they buy. "I don't like to dress the same as everyone else. I like to add pazaz to my look, you know attitude. I like to be an individual" (female, junior). It is not cool anymore to want to fit into a group and blend in, now people are more socially excepted if they "are themselves" and this means being an individual. "When I was in high school everyone dressed the same and that was just not me. I have my own style that makes me, me" (female, senior). For some students creating an individual style is what makes them feel like "them selves".
Maslow's theory on the hierarchy of needs states that there are two types of needs, basic needs and higher needs. Basic needs go in this order: lower needs or material needs, physiological needs, safety, belongingness and love, and esteem and self actualization. These basic needs must be fulfilled in the order they appear, a person cannot move on to fulfilling the next need until the one below it has been fulfilled. The higher needs can only be addressed once all the basic needs are met. There are two higher needs, knowledge and understanding, and aesthetic needs (Maslow 1945 pp.38-39).
It is up to individuals to find ways to fulfill these needs. For people with money lower needs are the easiest to fulfill. Most people, aside from the very poor, have no problems fulfilling these material needs. Fulfilling the rest of the basic needs and even the higher needs is a lot harder. College students come to school having their lower needs already met, but in order to gain knowledge and understanding, which is what they have come to school to do, they must search for ways to fulfill the rest of their needs.
Consumption has become the most popular and widespread way to achieve these other needs. The popular belief is that money can buy everything from comfort and safety to happiness and belonging. As Lloyd (2000) puts it;
the implicit assumption that consumption restores emotional equilibrium is now banal, a
matter of common sense. From the lower-middle-class furniture to high political makeover,
the assumption is the same; Hillary Clinton is praised for buying expensive clothes and
hairstyling, her choice being equated with a greater sense of self worth and an ability to 'find
herself' (Lloyd, pp.2).
Most people today have bought into the Western idea that consuming more will fulfill not only your physical needs, but also you emotional and psychological ones.
Consumerism has become the easiest method in which college students can attempt to fulfill the basic needs that are not fulfilled when they arrive at school. By purchasing concepts that companies insinuate in their advertising they can purchase just about everything, not just their material needs. Friends can supposedly be found if you listen to the right music, happiness can be had if you drive the right car, and self-esteem can be boosted if you wear cool clothes, therefore everything a person needs can be bought.
The things that college student's today purchase to fulfill their basic needs help them be individuals. The individual is created through the things they wear and own. Because being an individual and knowing yourself is so important in our culture today people who are individuals have an easier time making friends and fitting into a social group. The person who tries to hard too fit in or attempts to look like everyone else may have a harder time making friends at Warren Wilson. One interviewee mentioned that "Individualism that is being pushed today perpetuates buying because you don't want to own same thing as anyone else or you're not an individual" (male, junior). This student points out the fact that the idea of individualism perpetuates consumerism.
In the sixties and seventies, individualism was not something sought after by
students. Looking nice and blending in was the way to make friends, gain self esteem, and find love. A 1972 graduate explained to me that "to make friends you wanted to be part of a group. I wanted to try to look like I fit in, I didn't want to stand out and be classified as weird. Most students tried to fit into groups." Although some alumni pointed out that they simply dressed practically and nice, they said that being an individual was not important.
I Definitely think it [consumerism] has changed. In the fifties there were only a few stores
around and everyone owned the same stuff. The adolescence problem of acceptance was not a
status thing related to clothes. Clothes were a necessity thing (male, 1961).
Instead of being individualistic there were specific groups that people tried to fit into. One woman told me about the different social groups at Warren Wilson in the seventies:
We had the hippies who wore bell bottoms and tie-dye shirts, long hair and sandals.
Then there were those who were neat and tidy. Then those more affluent students who
looked a little different. I teetered below affluent and everyday. Not into the hippies.
More middle of the road then hippie. Majority [of students]
were down the middle.
Although there were distinct social groups at Wilson, this person explained that most people fit somewhere in the middle. Blending into this general norm was the best way to fulfill one's basic needs during the sixties and seventies because it helped students make friends and find acceptance. Today being accepted and making friends comes not from fitting in but from being an individual.
Warren Wilson College attracts a certain type of student. As the view book for the school says, "Warren Wilson is not for everyone, but maybe you're not everyone." This announces that you must be a "different" type of person to go to Wilson. In the early years this difference had to do with money. Warren Wilson was a school for poor kids who could not afford to go to college anywhere else. A man who graduated in 1961 explained the demographics of the school like this.
Most of us, I mean most of us were poor students. Almost all of us had nothing. A few had a
lot more money but foreign students were 1/3 of the population and blacks were 1/10. Most
others came from Appalachia and that should explain a lot.
Today the demographics have changed a great deal, we don't have as many foreign students, there are not nearly as many blacks, and most of the kids no longer come from Appalachia. There were a certain type of students that came to Warren Wilson and that type was people from families without much money.
Today students are different in another way. Many of them seek out Warren Wilson because of the environmental awareness at the school. Students share an awareness of things like pollution, trash, and recycling. Most students look down on over consumption and buying without thinking of the consequences. A sophomore that I talked to had these thoughts on how consumerism is affecting the environment:
One Problem is that as people want more material objects they're also moving away from a
more natural identity which influences how they perceive the environment. More and more
people are growing up like that. It's more about what they want right now and less about taking
care of the earth (female sophomore).
Environmental problems with consumerism are not noticed only by current Wilson students', many of the alumni also see a problem with the way consumerism is headed. "All the trash and lack of responsibility. The impulsiveness and 'I want it now' attitude. 'In two weeks I will just throw it away'." This female 1969 graduate expressed her problems with consumerism today in the same way that many other current students did.
According to the responses that alumni and current students gave to my questions on the problems with consumerism, the school has always attracted environmentally conscious people. All of my interviewees see problems with the direction money and consumerism have taken in this country. In recent years there has been a movement to change the consumerism centered mind set of our society. This movement consists of simplifying peoples lives so that they no longer revolve around money and material wealth. In September of 1997, PBS, as a follow up to the previously aired "Affluenza" program aired a TV program called "Escape from Affluenza". This follow up program emphasized the need for American people to lose their dependence on money and stop trying to keep up with the Jones family. The show gives examples of ways people have simplified their lives. A group in California share meals and a garden, pooling money and recourses to cut down on the cost of living. A man gives up the security of a job in law to take over an apple orchard in the county with his wife. Each example that "Escape from Affluenza" gave of simplifying your life shows people who have moved into a healthy relationship with money. This is a relationship where people control their money rather than money controlling their lives. Wilson students are strong advocates of this move away from affluence. Without knowing it they have been promoting simplifying ideals for the last forty years.
Environmentalists look at how different products affect the environment and how
we can make things more environmentally friendly. They realize there is only so far that we can go with making things more environmentally friendly, at some point we have to look at the bigger picture. Consumerism itself and the amount the US consumes is a much bigger problem. As long as we continue to consume the same amount we will continue to put out the same amount of waste whether the product is environmentally friendly or not (Juniu 2000, pp.2). Warren Wilson students are very aware of this bigger picture and many of their consumerism habits are in response to this awareness. Many students get used clothes from thrift stores or the grab box so that new resources do not need to be used. They recycle adamantly and try to avoid using disposable items. They try their hardest to consume in an environmentally friendly manner, and for the most part everyone agreed that students at Wilson consume less then those at other schools. "I think Wilson students definitly consume less. When I went to visit my friend at a state school they shopped all the time for fun, we don't do that here. No one does that" (female, freshman). But as much as Warren Wilson tries to be environmentally conscious and active, they are no more perfect then anyone else, they are simply more aware.
Students at Warren Wilson have never been big consumers. In the sixties and seventies a lack transportation kept students from having access to town and shopping. Because students spent almost all of their time at Warren Wilson they had little to no exposure to TV, billboards, magazines and other forms of advertising. Most of these students were coming from low income, working class families; having money to spend was not frequent. Warren Wilson fulfilled both physical and psychological needs by hosting on campus activities such as free movies and music, and selling all necessities in the book store. In the sixties and seventies students did not feel uncomfortable having no money because everyone around them was also poor. There was never a feeling of not being able to afford what you needed to be cool. As long as you looked nice and didn't wear clothes with holes you were accepted at Wilson.
Today students are coming from much higher income families but they still do not consume very much. There is a campus wide ideal that having money and spending it is not cool. Whether a student has money or not the norm is to dress down, wearing clothes with holes or used clothes is respected. The purpose of the dressed down look is to give an air of being working class as well as not supporting the capitalist system of wanting to have lots of money. Looking working class is an attempt to emulate the students who attended Warren Wilson in it's earlier days; a kind of back to the farm revolution. Trying not to support the capitalist idea of money comes out of students awareness of environmental issues, as well as global issues, involved with consumerism.
Although students at Wilson have never consumed much their reasons for doing so have changed drastically as I have explained above. Students in the sixties and seventies really were working class and poor while students today are only acting the part; most of them did not come from working class families. Students who came from working class families in the past were attending college to escape from this type of life. They wanted to get a better education so they could move onto better paying jobs. Students today are attending Warren Wilson to get a higher education while being a part of an alternative, environmentally aware, working class community. Even though the reasons for not consuming very much have changed over the years, students today are consuming only slightly more then students were in the sixties and seventies.
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text:
The morning started dull and cloudy.
The promise of sun didn't happen until I was about to leave the lake this morning. Oh well, never mind. Still have a lot to do on the computer, so just a very quick post today.
A stunning Bullfinch was one of the first birds I saw, as I got out of the car. More finches were on the feeders, along with Blue and Great Tits, and on the footbridge, it was good to see a few House Sparrows.
After walking the north lake, I searched the south lake for butterflies. There's an area of long grass and wild flowers that is usually a haven for them. I wasn't disappointed.
Marbled White,
Ringlet and Meadow Brown, were the most numerous; and lots of caterpillars of The Cinnabar moth, feasting on Ragwort.
There didn't seem the numbers of past years though. I think butterflies have had a tough time everywhere this year.
Full list of today's sightings
Mute Swan (Cygnus olor)
Greylag Goose [sp] (Anser anser)
Greater Canada Goose [sp] (Branta canadensis)
Mallard [sp] (Anas platyrhynchos)
Great Crested Grebe [sp] (Podiceps cristatus)
Grey Heron [sp] (Ardea cinerea)
Common Coot [sp] (Fulica atra)
Eurasian Oystercatcher [sp] (Haematopus ostralegus)
Common Gull (Larus canus canus)
Lesser Black-backed Gull [sp] (Larus fuscus)
Common Tern [sp] (Sterna hirundo)
Common Wood Pigeon [sp] (Columba palumbus)
Common Swift [sp] (Apus apus)
Pied Wagtail (Motacilla alba yarrellii)
British Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes indigenus)
British Robin (Erithacus rubecula melophilus)
Common Blackbird [sp] (Turdus merula)
British Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos clarkei)
Eurasian Reed Warbler [sp] (Acrocephalus scirpaceus)
Blackcap [sp] (Sylvia atricapilla)
Common Whitethroat [sp] (Sylvia communis)
British Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus rosaceus)
British Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus obscurus)
British Great Tit (Parus major newtoni)
Eurasian Magpie [sp] (Pica pica)
Carrion Crow [sp] (Corvus corone)
Common Starling [sp] (Sturnus vulgaris)
House Sparrow [sp] (Passer domesticus)
British Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs gengleri)
European Greenfinch [sp] (Carduelis chloris)
European Goldfinch [sp] (Carduelis carduelis)
British Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula pileata)
Reed Bunting [sp] (Emberiza schoeniclus)
Total species 33