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Meredith A. Armstrong, owner and attorney at M.A. Armstrong Law Firm, opened a practice that specializes in business law in January 2013 in Killeen.
The legal practice focuses on business formation, business contracts, business litigation and trademark law.
Armstrong received her doctorate from William Mitchell College of Law in St. Paul, Minn., and her master's degree in business administration from Alaska Pacific University.
She is licensed to practice law in both Minnesota and Texas.
Since launching the firm, Armstrong has educated local entrepreneurs about business law through the Central Texas Business Resource Center.
This week she shared some of her knowledge with Killeen Daily Herald Business Editor Mason W. Canales.
What are some of the most common reasons businesses seek counsel from an attorney?
Business owners seek out attorney counsel to start, sell or buy a business; help with federal, state and local regulatory compliance matters; for contract drafting; protecting intellectual property such as a trademark; general legal guidance; employment matters; and help in resolving disputes with customers, other businesses or government agencies.
What services can attorneys provide for businesses that are not often thought about?
Usually, business owners think they only need an attorney when they are sued. But the truth is businesses should have an attorney through the entire life cycle of their business — from start-up through growth and maturity and if they decide to close the business.
Attorneys can be a vital resource for any business.
They provide guidance, are a resource to ask questions, can help the business minimize risk and help the business owner plan for the future.
What common mistakes do business owners make that land them in a legal dispute?
The most common mistake that I see is business owners who form their business, buy a business and draft contracts using online forms without the help of legal counsel.
Online forms should never be considered a substitute for legal counsel. They are a one-size-fits-all package for situations that are not all one size.
Most disputes arise from contracts that have been poorly drafted or do not cover the situation being disputed.
An attorney is able to draft custom contracts, taking into consideration the particular circumstances of the transaction and including terms to cover potential disputes that could arise under the contract.
Why should a business know whether it should form as a LLC, corporation and/or other business type of organization?
The type of business entity you choose for your company has the largest impact on how your business will function.
For example, the business entity you choose will impact how your business will operate, provide options for taxation, and determine your personal and business liabilities for debts and other types of lawsuits.
The best way to know which type of business entity to form is to consult with a business attorney on your particular situation.
What are some of the benefits of the different types of business organizations?
There are numerous differences in the benefits among the many types of business structures.
As an example, a sole proprietor doing business under an assumed name is the most flexible business structure in terms of business operations and taxation.
However, the sole proprietor is personally liable for the debts and other lawsuits brought against the business.
The Texas limited liability company or Texas corporation business structures provide a shield for the members, directors and/or shareholders from the liabilities of the business. An attorney should be consulted when deciding which business entity is the right one for your business.


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You can choose a letter to go directly to the page listing people whose last
names begin with that letter.
JACKSON, JERALD L., Programmer, Florida Small Business Development Center, State Director?s Office (1999); B.S., Florida State University, 1974; M.S., Florida State University, 1976.
JAKUBOWSKI, SIMON, Visiting Research Associate, Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation (2006); B.S., University of Houston, 1996; Ph.D., University of Texas Health Science Center, 2005.
JASEK, MICHAEL D., Assistant Dean of Students ? Student Transition Programs and Greek Affairs, Division of Student Affairs (2004); B.B.A., Texas A&M University, 1994; M.S., Texas A&M University, 1996.
JEFFREY, WADE H., Professor, Department of Biology; Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation (1997); B.S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981; M.S., University of South Florida, 1985; Ph.D., University of South Florida, 1989.
JIPSON, JAMES W., Associate Professor, Department of Art (1989); B.F.A., Wayne State University, 1972; M.F.A., Michigan State University, 1975.
JOHNSON, JENNIFER L., Assistant Director, Recreation and Sports Services (1999); B.S., The University of Arkansas, 1997; M.S., The University of Arkansas, 1999; Ed.S., University of West Florida, 2003.
JOHNSON, KATHRINE A., Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies (2000); B.S., Illinois State University, 1987; M.S., Illinois State University, 1989; Ph.D., Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 1995.
JOHNSON, SHARI L., Instructor Librarian (2006), B.A., University of Delaware, 1986; M.L.I.S., University of Texas, 2000.
JONES, K. CRAIG, Associate Professor, Division of Teacher Education (1990); B.A., University of Florida, 1973; M.Ed., West Georgia College, 1976; Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University, 1983.
JOSEPHS, F. ALLEN, Distinguished University Research Professor; Professor, Department of English and Foreign Languages (1969); B.A., University of North Carolina, 1965; M.A., New York University (Spain), 1966; Ph.D., Rutgers, 1973.
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Patients who log on to the website for Calgary's hospitals are offered a surprising choice these days: wait times for four emergency departments across the city, posted automatically, 24/7 in "real time."
A hospital in the Southern Ontario city of Kitchener has just become the first in that province to launch its own, enhanced version of the same idea, amid predictions the consumer-oriented service will soon spread throughout the health-care system. A smartphone app for the Kitchener facility is coming soon.
Administrators argue the online information should help patients better decide where to seek out medical aid, spur staff to improve service — and one day even fuel competition between hospitals under new, demand-based funding models.
"Having our wait times out there, warts and all, is certainly a motivator," said Don Shilton, president of St. Mary's General Hospital in Kitchener. "What we're trying to do is to inform consumers. ……
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Saddam warns Iraq will wage war on U.S. ''anywhere in the world''
President Saddam Hussein warned Sunday that if Iraq is attacked, it will take the war anywhere in the world "wherever there is sky, land or water."
Saddam's threat was made during a meeting with military commanders and his remarks were carried by the official Iraqi News Agency.
Saddam told his commanders: "When the enemy starts a large-scale battle, he must realize that the battle between us will be open wherever there is sky, land and water in the entire world."
"Who appointed America the unjust judge of the world so that it can say if this country has a weapon of a certain range that it should destroy?" Saddam asked. At the same time, he said, the United States was "allowing the evil-doers ... like the Zionist entity (Israel) to produce all kinds of weapons." "It is the right of every person to ask them: who appointed you a judge on us?" Saddam said.
He denied Iraq has any weapons of mass destruction, as the United States and Britain claim. "Are weapons of mass destruction a needle that you can conceal in a head cover or in the scarf of an old woman that inspectors cannot find?" Saddam asked.
"There are no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq," he added, joking: "Well, give us time and the necessary means and we will produce any weapon they want and then we will invite them to come and destroy them." (Albawaba.com)
© 2003 Al Bawaba (www.albawaba.com)
Top Headlines
- Saddam rebuffs ultimatum, vows victory
- Pentagon: ISIS is a bigger threat than al-Qaeda
- Saddam: Neighboring states can avert war; Regional leaders warn of war repercussions
- Bush says there are no plans to wage war on Iraq
- Saddam says Iraq ready to war; Bush says Saddam ''dangerous man'', but Washington delays U.N. vote


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The Jewish 1960s: An American Sourcebook (Brandeis Series in American Jewish History, Culture, and Life)
No American decade during the twentieth century has been so strongly defined by Jewish-led and Jewish-sponsored political activism or so deeply informed and influenced by Jewish culture as the 1960s. The 1960s marked the rise of Jewish pride, witnessed a revitalization of religious communal commitments, and saw the revival of Jewish particularism as a crucial counterpoint to a liberal-left Jewish universalism. The Jewish 1960s introduces a new generation of readers to some of the finest essays, speeches, and journalistic accounts by Jewish commentators, spokespersons, prominent rabbis, civil rights and antiwar activists, radical Zionists, feminists, counter-cultural leaders, and their critics. It brings together materials from Jews on the right as well as the left and chronicles Jewish religious and ethnic renewal, the Jewish stand on civil rights, Jewish liberalism and the origins of Jewish neo-conservatism, American Jews' commitments to Israel, Jewish contributions to feminism and the gay and lesbian rights movements, and the evolution of Holocaust consciousness.
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COLUMBIA, S.C. -- How long has it been since Lou Holtz coached a team playing this many freshman?
''When I coached freshman high school football in 1955, I think,'' Holtz said. ''Went undefeated incidentally, ran the single wing. Just thought that was information that you'd want to catalog.''
So it is possible for the Gamecocks (2-2, 0-1 Southeastern Conference) to succeed this season despite relying on more newcomers than they had hoped for at the start.
Look anywhere on the field this year and you're likely to see someone who wasn't there a year ago -- Moe Thompson at defensive end, Lance Laury at linebacker, Washington-Wilkes' Daccus Turman at fullback, Kenny Irons at tailback, Troy Williamson and walk-on Kris Clark at wide receiver.
And that's likely to grow at Vanderbilt (1-3, 0-2) when freshman Tremaine Tyler gets the start at cornerback.
''I would never have dreamed that would happen this year,'' Holtz said. ''Never.''
But that's what happens when your starting senior fullback, Andrew Pinnock, fumbles twice near the goal line in a 13-7 loss to Georgia. Or sophomore receiver Matthew Thomas, one of the few freshman to make an impact on last year's 9-3 squad, continually drops balls.
Pinnock, the powerful focus of Holtz's backfield all offseason, had no carries or catches last week in the Gamecocks' 42-21 defeat of Temple. Pinnock was touted as an NFL draft pick before the season, spent the game as lead blocker for Irons or another freshman, Thez Robinson.
''No way, no way,'' senior receiver Michael Ages said when asked his reaction if told his friend Pinnock would go a game without touching the ball.
Holtz wasn't punishing Pinnock, the team's top rusher a year ago. ''The situation was such that we didn't give (Pinnock) the ball,'' Holtz said. ''That wasn't our intention.''
Ages said Pinnock was handling things well. ''He's the type of player who'll bounce back,'' Ages said.
Will all the deposed upperclassmen do the same?
Holtz couldn't say. He's planned one-on-one meetings with 17 players. ''Some good, some bad,'' he said. ''Not a chew-out session. Just make myself available to answer any questions and to cover some areas.''
Ages said he could see in practice that some youngsters were ready to shine.
Turman, who broke Herschel Walker's Georgia high school records, had a 1-yard touchdown catch and led the Gamecocks with 39 yards rushing last week. He's listed to start ahead of Pinnock at fullback against the Commodores.
Williamson caught his first four college passes against Temple, including a pretty, 24-yard touchdown throw from Corey Jenkins. Williamson is one of three freshmen on the team's six-receiver depth chart for this week.
''I'm sure that there are not a lot of happy people. We have to win,'' Ages said of the benched seniors and juniors. Unhappy player are ''really not a concern of the coaches.''
Nose tackle Langston Moore says young or old, all the Gamecocks are focused on victory. Any player that sees something to improve in someone else will speak up. ''It's something on the sidelines you guys don't see,'' said Moore, a senior.
Published in the Athens Banner-Herald on Tuesday, September 24, 2002.
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Home Chapter Home Jobs Conferences Fellowships Books
Fibrocystic disease
Pseudolactational (pregnancy-like) hyperplasia of breast
Reviewer: Hind Nassar, M.D. in June 2010 (see Authors page)
Revised: 8 October 2012, last major update June 2010
Copyright: (c) 2002-2010, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
● Pregnancy-like changes in a non-pregnant, non-lactating patient
● See also pregnancy / lactation, lactating adenoma
● Present in 2-3% of breast biopsies
● Identified in needle localization and core biopsies due to calcifications or presence of a mass
● Women, mean age 44 years, range 38-52 years
● Not lactating, not pregnant (by definition)
● May be associated with phenothiazine or other medications (Am J Clin Pathol 1987;87:23)
Clinical features
● Often multifocal
● Associated with / may merge with cystic hypersecretory hyperplasia
● May have associated ADH or DCIS (Am J Clin Pathol 2004;122:714) but invasive carcinoma is rare (Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:789)
● Recommend excision if atypia found in core biopsy (Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:1670)
Gross description (Macroscopy)
● No gross lesion
Micro description (Histopathology)
Glands and terminal ducts with little or no secretion
● Glandular cells are swollen with abundant pale or clear, finely granular or vacuolated cytoplasm
● Luminal cytoplasmic borders of glandular cells are frayed with small cytoplasmic blebs extending into lumen that may contain nuclei
● Small, uniform, round and darkly stained nuclei
Micro images
Expanded acinar glands Cells have abundant pale cytoplasm
but no secretion
Micropapillary pattern of columnar cells
with luminal cytoplasmic buds
Other images: cells have finely vacuolated cytoplasm #1; #2
Differential Diagnosis
● Apocrine adenosis or apocrine metaplasia: cytoplasm more eosinophilic, vacuoles are usually only focal
● Apocrine DCIS: abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, architectural or cytologic atypia
● Columnar cell lesion: tightly packed columnar epithelial cells
Additional references
End of Breast-nonmalignant > Fibrocystic disease > Pseudolactational (pregnancy-like) hyperplasia
This information is intended for physicians and related personnel, who understand that medical information is often imperfect, and must also be interpreted in the context of a patient's clinical data using reasonable medical judgment. This website should not be used as a substitute for the advice of a licensed physician.
All information on this website is protected by copyright of PathologyOutlines.com, Inc. Information from third parties may also be protected by copyright. Please contact us at [email protected] with any questions (click here for other contact information).


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Organic Latex Mattresses
- OMS Private Label
Dunlop Latex Mattresses
- Royal-Pedic Wool/Cotton
Innerspring Mattress
- Green Sleep Malaysia Dunlop Latex
- All Wool Mattress
Wool/Cotton Futon
So,where does one go these days to find the natural latex mattress of their dreams? They go to The Organic Mattress Store Inc. Are you thinking of making an organic latex, or an innerspring mattress purchase? What goes inside our mattresses compared to those conventional mattresses? Lots of questions and lots of misleading answers are out there. Let our 12 plus years of experience guide you. First of all our natural Dunlop Sri Lankan and Malaysian latex is tapped from rubber trees. This is as pure as it gets. Sri Lankan, and Malaysian latex is the best we have seen. Wool is our natural fire retardant. 100% organic cotton fabric tops it off. "Let's keep it simple" is our motto, and we been doing just that since 2004. Click here for a Free 2017 Catalog.
Do you want a mattress that will last 20 to 25 years, reduce back pain, lower your heart rate with a natural wool fire retardant, and be wonderful and luxuriously comfortable and supportive when you are sleeping? If so, then you have come to the right place. Purchasing an Organic Mattress Store mattress will be the most important purchase of your lifetime. Fall asleep knowing you and your loved ones are safe and secure from the pesticides and chemicals used in conventional mattress manufacturing. Besides buying a mattress, you're also buying "Peace Of Mind"
See and feel the vibrant effects for yourself what each of our green mattress manufacturers have to offer. Come check out how our mattresses can provide uniform support from head to toe, eliminate pressure points, off gassing from conventional mattresses, and get rid of dust mites as well. All of our mattresses will control body heat by whisking away the moisture your body is putting off each night as you sleep. Then let us help you find the ultimate pillow to go with the mattress.
We want you to have the healthiest natural latex mattress available. The Organic Mattress Store Inc. is here to help. So, get the sleep you have been dreaming of without worrying about sleeping on a conventional blob of chemicals. Experience total comfort and almost no transference of motion on all of our natural latex mattresses. Give us a call, or stop in. Let us guide you with our custom questionnaire on things like your height, weight, sleeping patterns, etc., etc. to help you navigate this most important purchase. Give us a call; we're here to assist you.


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I captured this fun photo of my son dressed in his Halloween costume. A quick capture.. it is the only one I got without the winter gear as it was a very chilly Halloween up here. He can be such a ham. Right now, he loves all things Star Wars. So this was perfect for him.
I went digging through my stash of supplies/kits combining a few kits and other bits. I was inspired by a sketch from Creative Scrapper's.
$3.00 $1.50
Item Discontinued
$0.90 $0.71
$17.49 $12.24
$0.99 $0.74
$5.50 $3.84


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Ray's second coming
Page Tools
Ray Charles
After winning eight Grammy awards last week, the late Ray Charles has dominated this week's Australian albums chart with two entries in the top 10.
His Genius Loves Company album has jumped up the chart from number 17 to four, while the soundtrack to his biopic Ray, remains at number seven.
Gwen Stefani remains in top spot with Love, Angel, Music, Baby while the week's big mover is the Scissor Sisters self titled album which has moved from 26 to 10.
On the Australian singles chart, Nelly's reign on top has continued with Over and Over number one for a third straight week.
It has again held off Nitty's Nasty Girl which remains at number two, while two new entrants, Jennifer Lopez with Get it Right and Let Me Love You by Mario, are at three and four respectively.
Australian singles chart
1(1) Over And Over - Nelly
2(2) Nasty Girl - Nitty
3(-) Get Right - Jennifer Lopez
4(-) Let Me Love You - Mario
5(5) Since You've Been Gone - Kelly Clarkson
6(4) Drop It Like It's Hot - Snoop Dogg
7(3) Soldier - Destiny's Child
8(7) Numb / Encore - Linkin Park / Jay-Z
9(8) Underwear Goes Inside The Pants - Lazyboy
10(10) La La - Ashlee Simpson
Australian albums chart
1(1) Love, Angel, Music, Baby - Gwen Stefani
2(2) The Sound Of White - Missy Higgins
3(3) Songs About Jane - Maroon 5
4(17) Genius Loves Company - Ray Charles
5(4) American Idiot - Green Day
6(6) Hot Fuss - The Killers
7(7) Ray - Soundtrack
8(8) Still Not Gettin' Any - Simple Plan
9(5) Greatest Hits - Robbie Williams
10(26) Scissor Sisters - Scissor Sisters


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I'm a 21 yr old mom. Pregnancy isn't so great on breasts. I went from 34DD-34C(current size). I'm ok with the size. I just want my breasts to be more lifted, firm and full-as they used to be before breastfeeding. I'd love to not wear a bra, n them stay perky. Can I achieve this look w/out implants?
Will Breasts Stay Perky with a Lift Without Implants?
Doctor Answers 13
Perky breasts possible in a lift without implants?
The degree of perkiness available varies with each person depending on their skin elasticity in the breast and the amount of breast tissue volume they have following pregnancy. If you have sufficient breast tissue and reasonable skin elasticity in the breast area, then you may be able to avoid an implant. Your plastic surgeon can evaluate you and help you figure out what will best suit your body type and specific anatomy.
What a breast lift does and doesn't do
A breast lift, regardless of how it is done, does not give the breast "perkiness" in the usual sense of that word. A breast lift (mastopexy), properly done, only elevates or repositions the breast and its attached nipple-areola while tucking the excess skin underneath like a dart in clothing. It does not specifically fill in the upper pole of the breast. It doesn't give it forward projection. It doesn't tighten the skin or give it support that will keep it from sagging further from the effects of pregnancy, weight gain/loss, or aging.
A breast implant is best thought of as pillow volume that can give the appearance of perkiness. It does fill in the upper pole of the breast. It gives it forward projection and can round it out. Breasts look bigger when they are lifted but there is no change in volume from a lift. Implants add to the apparent volume of the breast with a minimum cup size increase of one cup.
Some feel that implants or perhaps their size or weight cause breasts to sag further. I don't agree with this. However, breasts that have sagged by age 21 are highly likely to sag further in the future whether lifted now or not.
One other consideration is whether the breasts have truly sagged enough to justify a lift procedure. They may just have lost volume and an implant is the way to go for now since lifts will not give perkiness anyway.
Full breast with breast lift alone
If you have fullness in the upper portion of your breast, then a breast lift will give you a perky shape. However, after pregnancy, most patients have lost fullness in the upper part of breast and require an implant to provide shape to the upper part.
You might also like...
Perky Without Implants is Tough
In reality, it is hard to make the breasts look perky with just a lift, no matter how much breast tissue you have of your own. To achieve the upper pole fullness that so many women want, you often need the implant underneath to maintain that look. Initially the breasts will look perky without implants, but after a few months, as everything settles and stretches somewhat, you lose that upper pole fullness. Without the implant underneath to add shape, the breasts can look somewhat empty in the upper pole areas. I hope this helps.
Perky lift without implants
"Perkiness" is a relative term. If you have enough breast tissue to mold, then conceivably it can be done. I f you want larger breasts, then you will need an implant as well.
Learn more: http://www.stevenwallachmd.com
Perky with lift alone
First, you are young, so be sure that you are finished having children.
It is possible that you can get perky and remain perky with a lift alone. It is worth a try. A lift will re-shape the breast, and create a slghtly smaller breast. The problem is that there will be decreased support. It is well worth a try to get what you want without an implant, and if needed, an implant later.
Perky breasts with a lift and no implants
No matter what kind of a lift you have, in order to have a full round upper pole ("perky") you will need an implant. Otherwise you can just use a push-up bra plus a lift and achieve the same look. The patients who need lifting have poorer elasticity and every kind of lift will leave you without upper pole fullness without an implant.
There are a variety of breast lifts
Breast lifts come in a variety of types- some simply remove skin to reposition the nipple, and some fundamentally alter the architecture of your breast and redistribute breast volume, raise the infra-mammary fold, raise the nipple etc. Seek out a board certified plastic surgeon to examine you and plan a breast lift. The results won't last forever, but in general, the more extensive breast lifts that re-arrange breast tissue have the best longevity.
Learn more: http://www.breastaugmentation-seattle.com/html/breast_surgery_natural_results.php
Breasts will stay perky only with vertical internal breast lift.
It all depends how the breast lift is done. It is often done by removing skin which tightens the "skin brassiere". But skin stretches, and the breasts fall in a few months.
We use the vertical lift (Lejour technique, lollipop scar) which shapes and lifts the breasts from the inside, without relying on skin tension. This produces long term good shape.
"Perky" Breasts Without Implants?
Thank you for the question and picture.
It is hard to give you good advice without direct examination but most patients your age who are asking for "perky" breasts end up having breast lifting and augmentation surgery. Often, there is a deficiency of breast tissue to allow for sufficient fullness without the use of breast implants. You may want to consider postponing surgery until you have completed pregnancies.
When the time is right, do your due diligence, in the process of selection of plastic surgeon.
Best wishes.
Learn more: http://www.poustiplasticsurgery.com/Procedures/Procedure_breastLiftAug.htm
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Washington, DC— Nevada Senator Harry Reid released the following statement this evening after joining several Senate colleagues to introduce a framework of concrete, bipartisan ideas to reform America's broken immigration system:
"Every day Nevadans see that our immigration system is broken, and they want Democrats and Republicans to work together on a comprehensive, national solution to protect America's economic and national security. That's why Senator Schumer has worked for months with significant Republican input to develop this framework that we are presenting today – because the time is now for us to fix our broken system. It is vital for us to secure our borders, get tough on those here illegally, and impose tough sanctions on employers who abuse immigrants and use them to undercut the wages of Nevada workers.
"Like many other issues, immigration reform cannot pass the Senate without bipartisan support, and the American people are counting on Democrats and Republicans to work together toward practical solutions. I know that this is a tough, complex issue but Nevadans sent me to Washington to confront our nation's challenges in a bipartisan way. Our immigration system is broken and we need to fix it."


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And yet, if you look closely, it's there, it's leached into literature.
The boulders were all weathered a bright red and were much pitted where ferruginous minerals were leached out.
Why are leached ashes inferior to those that have not been leached?
The iron minerals have been oxidized in place and the non-ferrous minerals have been leached out, leaving iron ores.
All the earth in sight has been worked for saltpeter, leached, and thrown aside.
The rustic aid-de-camps of the household used to aver that all fertilizing matters "leached" through it.
Salt would not have been leached out of the soil and gathered in the seas.
It contains a lot of extra alumina, but after roasting in a kiln the potassium sulfate can be leached out.
When these rocks lie nearer the surface than the line of drainage, the saline materials are leached away.
De black ashes, left on de bottom of de hick'ry fire, was leached for lye, what was biled wid grease to make our soap.
Old English leccan "to moisten, water, wet, irrigate," (see leak). The word disappears, then re-emerges late 18c. in a technological sense in reference to percolating liquids. Related: Leached; leaching.


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Leo Personality
LEO (July, 23 - August, 20):
Traditional Leo Traits:
Leo is a sign of impotent energy. Its sign "the lion" is a king of jungle and its element "the sun" is a king planet in a planetary system. Combining effect of its symbol and element on Leo is very strong. On the brighter side it makes Leo Generous and warm which make him, Faithful and loving too.
On the dark side:
Leo is Bossy, its commanding attitude make him intolerant which can raise difficulties in his personal and practical life.
Compatible partners:
Emotions are dominant in cancer because of its ruling planet. Cancers are easily influenced by it. Sometime they become Overemotional and touchy that might be unbearable for the next person. Cancerians are also very moody it is the traits that can bring occlusion in their life.The Sun rules Leo and fire is the element for this sign. Its sign and element is a symbol of determination, passion, strength and flare. Its compatible partners are Aries and Sagittarius. A relationship between Leo and Aries or Leo and Sagittarius would make a perfect match. Both the compatible partners share the same element with Leo. Their mutual concerns and interests develop amiable relationship between Leo and Sagittarius. However, a Leo also shares good compatibility level with Aries as well.
Leo has the traits of sun and the lion; they are born to lead and want to be independent. They prefer those careers which gives an opportunity of leading without any dependency. Management and government position are perfect vocation for Leo.
Possible Health Concerns:
Leo is a subject of those diseases that are related to its heart, lungs and nervous disorders. Common health issues related to this star are backache, fever and eye diseases.
Loving Leo also has strong inclination towards Children and speculative ventures. People of this star also admire lavish living style.
Leo despises narrow minded people and ordinary things to do. Leo is high-spirited and enjoys to achieve great goals.
Hally Berry, Charlize Theron
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The Most Wanted
Weekly Sneaker Spotlight
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I had these sneakers and I want to get another pair. I have thin feet so they fit my feet perfectly and I could wear them with anything. Can you please tell me where I can find them!! Thank you!


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Archive for
Landy people coming together with the same interests....(Offroading/Greenlaning/Social Events)
LandyTown Forum Index
Landy Parking Only
Tow strap vs rope
Hi all, I currently have a 6m heavy duty tow rope that I use when i'm trialing but its a really hefty beast and to be honest a real pain to lug about. Would you recomend one of these
as it's a lot less hassle and I can wrap around my bull bar.[/url]
Roadie, I have always used these and done some extreme rescue work with them without any problems. I ensure I dry them out after use to make sure they do not rot and all has been good for me. I like the fact they can fold up and be stored with ease. Dunno if they are better than rope but they do what they say.
I have heard from a couple of strop "geeks" that you want to make sure they have a the appropriate label shown where the loop is formed to state their credentials and compliance to regs.
There you go, hope it helps
Miss May
Thats the same company I got one of mine from and it snapped first time out , i have now got more expensive lifting type ones , personally i think its best to get the highest rated thats feesible to use .....they can work out pricy but its better than getting a shackle flying thro the air. A 71 year old guy i was out with at the weekend was teaching me advanced winching made a good point. He said that you can have the best winch and the strongest straps but they are only as good as the weakest point in the recovery chain and that was often the point on the vehicle itself.
Thank you both, how about this one?
I always have a tow strap in the motor . I roll it up and as in a previous post , I keep it dry and out of the sun when not in use.
I am also a ' fan ' of a quality polypropelene rope as it has some ' stretch ' in it when recovering a stuck motor . The down side is it takes up a reasonable amount of space and is unwealdy
Baloo (has he joined us yet on here?) has loads of knowledge and advice about strops and the rating of them.
Be aware of the SWL and the stated rating. It is accepted that tha SWL is only a percentage of the tested capacity, but some sellers declare the tested load and not the SWL which can be misleading.
Hope this helps.
Miss May
Be aware of the SWL and the stated rating. It is accepted that tha SWL is only a percentage of the tested capacity, but some sellers declare the tested load and not the SWL which can be misleading.
Hope this helps.
Very good advice
Miss May
Thank you both, how about this one?
I have at least one Damar one and so far so good , it really does matter what exactly you are pulling , the forces can be HUGE its not just about the wieght of the car being pulled but also how deep it is in the mud , weather or not its up hill etc etc etc .......last week end i was winching a Shogun that was deep in mud uphill and was not running , after lots of people snapping tow ropes and straps, we had 2 9ton winches and a range rover V8 pulling on it and it was a struggle.
I recently snapped an 8 ton rated strap recovering my mates disco from a DEEP hole, after that ive bought a 14 ton one which seems to be doing the job. They seem to last a lot longer if used gently, snatch recoverys seem to finish them off.
This reminds me do I need to chivvy Baloo along when I get time? It's about time he got himself on here.
There's a big difference between a snatch strap and a webbing sling. They may look similar, but use of a sling as a snatch strap is bound to end in failure of said strap, which is not designed to tollerate shock loading.
I wonder if we can convince Chameleon (aka The Dark Lord) to join us on here? He has some fantastic knowledge on winching and strops/slings.
The more ideas, suggestions, points of view and experience on a subject like this can only be a benefit to the forum as a whole.
please dont use flat tape slings for kinetic recovery's they are defenately not designed for that type of work,
you can use them for a drag recovery where the dynamic loading is not very high there is almost no stretch in these sling's and the shock load of an over enthousistic recovery will result in failure,, more than likely what it is secured to, (namely some part of your landie)
the good news is it's flight will be short because unlike your kinetic recovery ropes/straps there is very limited stored kinetic energy,
you need to understand there is a distinct difference, the loads you will inflict on your recovery gear is phenominal in comparison to what you really think is going on, and more than easy to overwhelm your kit, if i told you, you could roll your landie with even the most basic pulley system, this one area of your kit you should be over engineering,
that was good advice you got there you system is only as srong as your weakest point,,
kinetic recovery,,
cant see past paddocks own kinetic recovery rope, (be carefull not to get any knots in it,, if you do untie them or bin it as this where the weak point of your rope will be focused)
flat tape lifting strops,,
buy the broadest highest swl you can afford, dont choke them if you can help it it reduces the swl by about 40-60% (refered to as larkfooting)
endless or looped sling's,, a lot of guys like them i dont particularly like them because when you take them to bit's you find ulitimately they are taped together with a small piece box tape (if you cant trust your kit then theres no point in using it)
right your tapes,,
alkaliods and acids will kill your stuff in a heart beat, keep them in a storage bag or box too reduce the risk of contamination, if you want to wash your tapes wash them with lux, as soap powder has grit included to help cean your clothes, this same grit gets inside the fibres and chews away unseen inside,
get some training or the very least get some lifting books to try and understand whats going on and where,, i can recomend the north sea lifting hand book,, tio
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text:
Wagner adopts the philosophical ideas of Feuerbach, and treats his subject from that stand-point.
The enthusiasm was universal, we were all for the moment followers of Feuerbach.
He returned to his native place, and was visited by Feuerbach.
"Feuerbach is an idealist; he believes in the advance of mankind" (p. 19).
We can only reach living men from the abstract men of Feuerbach if we regard them as active historical agents.
But the step which Feuerbach did not make had not yet been made.
Feuerbach had made the statement that periods of social progress are marked by religious changes.
In his criticism of religion Feuerbach is but half a Materialist.
We never came back to Feuerbach, who occupies an intermediate position between the philosophy of Hegel and our own.
Or, as Feuerbach more concisely expresses it, "Man alone is our God."


text:
Developmental and Educational Perspectives on Theory Change: To Have and Hold, or To Have and Hone?
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Eric Schwitzgebel presents an attractive argument for the use of affective indicators to both assess and extend the 'theory theory' research agenda. A key component of his argument is an account of explanation that can be applied to both children and adults, few of whom possess the attributes and behaviors that warrant being called scientists. The core features of his account include 1) regarding a set of propositions as a theory and 2) subscribing to a theory by accepting and employing this set of propositions to explain events within the theory's domain. We will argue that this account, while potentially helpful for guiding research on the affective content of explanations, requires elaboration because it (1) does not fully characterize what is distinctive and important about theoretical and scientific thinking, (2) raises questions about different kinds of explanations, such as seen in transitions from common-sense explanations to theoretical explanations; (3) favors individual theorizing to the exclusion of socially mediated theorizing, and (4) raises developmental questions about the nature of explanation-seeking and the capacity to apply evidence to evaluate theories.
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text:
There is no sense in urging machinery when Eolus himself gives you good knots for nothing.
By the way, she must have come down on the 'Eolus' with you, Candace.
Jack agreed to wait till the Eolus could take in provisions and water.
A sharp double whistle announced the "Eolus" just started on her up trip, with a long wake of creamy foam behind her.
Eolus takes up as bidden his "black clarioun," and blazons their dishonour.
The Eolus was almost ready for sea, and sailed about a fortnight after Adair had commissioned her.
To the other not—but bids her trumpet "Eolus" ring out their works so that all the world may hear, which happens accordingly.
The giant Orgoglio is a baser species of pride, born of the Earth and Eolus; that is to say, of sensual and vain conceits.
As Bobbie watched her, old King Eolus came puffing back from the chest of silver he'd been examining.
It was no chance that made these coasts the home of the kind old monarch Eolus, inventor of sails and storm-signals.


text:
Mahjong - Dr. Jekyll Free!
by: Fun Indie Games • 3
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by: Fun Indie Games • 3
The horror and thrill of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde comes alive in this gorgeously illustrated Mahjong Puzzle Game. Based on the beloved classic, the game takes you through the story with high quality AUDIO NARRATION!
Challenge yourself to match objects as you explore the the dark and foggy London of the good Dr. Jekyll as he struggles to keep the evil Mr. Hyde at bay!
Based on the Oxford University Press edition of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, this game features stunning art and stimulating puzzles designed by award winning game producer SecretBuilders. Each brain-teasing, each brain-teasing level unfolds a scene from the book with beautiful illustrations and audio excerpts.
- Audio narration and book scene illustrations on each page!
- A fun and enjoyable way for kids to fall in love with reading literature
- Great for developing visual and spatial problem solving skills in kids 3 - 13
- Many exciting levels with characters and objects from Dr, Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
- Award-winning audio and illustrations from Oxford University Press' Bookworms Series for young readers
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text: All, I am using PCBSD 8.2 as a development "box". It sits inside a corporate environment. When I select the Software Manager my install PBIs show up but the "Software Browser" tab does not populate. With the configuration set to 'auto mirror select, the progress bar at the bottom cycles continuously. (Also, after the first cycle Konqueror launches with a about:blank page) However, I can update any PBI that is already installed. Also, in the ports jail 'make install clean' hangs looking to connect to any mirror. pkg_add does the same. csh.cshrc and .cshrc has added: setenv HTTP_PROXY http://proxy.address.com:8080 setenv FTP_PROXY http://proxy.address.com:8080 setenv GOPHER_PROXY http://proxy.address.com:8080 Ran kdesu kcmshell4 proxy from the command line and set the proxy for root. System Setting --> Network Setting --> Proxy set as well. Using http proxy not proxy URL. -- Ron Georgia John 13:23


text:
Glaucoma can take away as much as 40% of a person's sight without them realizing.
Glaucoma is a group of conditions that cause damage to the eye's optic nerve - a cluster of more than a million nerve fibers.
The optic nerve links the retina - the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye - to the brain; any damage to the optic nerve can lead to vision loss and blindness.
Glaucoma is often referred to as the "sneak thief of sight" - because it rarely presents symptoms; it can take away as much as 40% of a person's vision without them noticing, and once this vision has gone, it cannot be restored.
Early diagnosis, however, opens the door to a number of treatment options that can halt glaucoma-related vision loss.
In line with Glaucoma Awareness Month this January, we look at the risk factors for glaucoma and how an early diagnosis can be achieved, increasing the likelihood of stopping the sight-stealing disease in its tracks.
Types of glaucoma
Glaucoma can occur in one or both eyes, and there are two main types - open-angle glaucoma - the most common form, accounting for around 90% of all cases - and angle-closure glaucoma.
Open-angle glaucoma, also called primary or chronic glaucoma, is characterized by a wide, open angle between the iris and the cornea.
- Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide
- There is no cure for glaucoma; early detection is key in preventing vision loss from the disease
- Unfortunately, around 10% of people who receive suitable treatment for glaucoma still experience vision loss.
It develops when a clear fluid called the aqueous humor leaves the eye's anterior chamber too slowly through the drainage canals, resulting in a fluid build-up. This build-up increases eye pressure, causing damage to the optic nerve that can lead to vision loss.
Vision loss from open-angle glaucoma normally begins with peripheral vision - vision outside the central area of focus - before affecting central vision.
In its early stages, open-angle glaucoma presents no symptoms and vision appears normal, explaining why around half of individuals with glaucoma are unaware they are affected.
In angle-closure glaucoma, also called acute or narrow-angle glaucoma, the angle between the iris and the cornea is narrow or closed. The drainage canals in the eye become fully blocked, leading to a sudden rise in eye pressure that can damage the optic nerve.
Unlike open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma does present symptoms, including eye redness, blurred vision, severe pain and nausea.
Other less common forms of glaucoma include normal-tension glaucoma, in which optic nerve damage occurs despite normal eye pressure, and congenital glaucoma - a rare condition in babies, in which the eye's drainage canals fail to develop or develop abnormally.
The risks and warning signs
Glaucoma is most common among adults over the age of 60, individuals with a family history of the disease, and black people.
According to the Glaucoma Research Foundation, black Americans are around six to eight times more likely to develop glaucoma than white Americans, and black Americans are around 14-17 times more likely to go blind from the disease than white Americans of the same age group.
Other risk factors for glaucoma include diabetes, severe nearsightedness, previous eye injuries, steroid use and a history of severe anemia.
While most glaucoma cases do not present symptoms in the early stages, there are some warning signs to look out for. These include:
Red-rimmed, swollen or crusty eyelids can be a warning sign for glaucoma, though the disease often presents no symptoms in the early stages.
- Red-rimmed, swollen or crusty eyelids
- Watery eyes
- Dry eyes with itching or burning
- Double vision
- Recurrent pain in or around the eyes
- Squinting or blinking due to unusual light sensitivity
- Dark spots at central vision
- Change in iris color.
More severe signs include sudden blurred vision, sudden loss of vision in one eye, halos or rainbows around light, and black spots or flashes of light.
While these symptoms may not necessarily be related to glaucoma, the presence of at least one warrants a visit to an eye doctor - an optometrist or ophthalmologist - for an eye examination as soon as possible.
On the next page, we look at the importance of regular eye screening, the treatment options for glaucoma, and we investigate what is discouraging people from routine eye exams.


text:
Have Entertainment Questions? Ask an Expert
Hello - Are you referring to the Troggs "Wild Thing" or the Tone Loc "Wild Thing"?
The Troggs.
I don't believe any females have ever covered the Tone Loc version, but I distinctly recall having heard several female artists cover the Troggs' version on the radio; I just never heard it mentioned who any of those women were.
Ok, thank you for the clarification. I will open this back up for the experts to answer.


text:
Quaker Valley honored for athletic excellence throughout school year
For the second straight year, Quaker Valley has been awarded the MSA Sports Cup title by MSA Sports Network.
"The MSA Sports Cup offers a quantitative assessment of athletic programs throughout the entire WPIAL," Superintendent Dr. Joseph H. Clapper said. "The MSA Sports Cup affirms that our athletic department, our coaches, and, most importantly, our student-athletes are performing at an exceptionally high level."
Point totals for schools in the WPIAL AA classification ranged from 0 to Quaker Valley's 525. The next highest score was 330, earned by Shady Side Academy.
Teams earn points based on success of each team that competes in the WPIAL.
"Winning the MSA Sports Cup is a huge accomplishment as it measures the success of the entire athletic program," athletic director Mike Mastroianni said. "Our girls and boys athletic teams have brought great pride to our school and to our greater community."
Some of the highlights from the past year include:
• Boys cross country: WPIAL champion, PIAA qualifier
• Boys golf: WPIAL playoff qualifier
• Boys soccer: Section co-champion, WPIAL champion, PIAA qualifier
• Girls cross country: Section champion, WPIAL champion, PIAA qualifier
• Girls soccer: WPIAL playoff qualifier
• Girls tennis: Section co-champion, WPIAL champion, PIAA qualifier
• Girls volleyball: WPIAL playoff qualifier
• Boys basketball: WPIAL playoff qualifier, PIAA qualifier
• Hockey: PIHL champion, state runner-up
• Girls basketball: WPIAL playoff qualifier
• Baseball: Section champion, WPIAL runner-up, PIAA qualifier
• Boys tennis: WPIAL playoff qualifier
• Girls track and field: WPIAL playoff qualifier, PIAA qualifier
MSA Sports Cup winners in the other classifications were North Allegheny (AAAA), Mars (AAA) and Greensburg Central Catholic (A). Sewickley Academy finished third in Class A. For more information regarding the MSA Sports Cup, visit www.msasports.net.


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Nadya Suleman, the California woman who conceived 14 children through in vitro fertilization, including a set of octuplets born earlier this year, makes an easy target for an anxious public. Suleman seems not to have thought much about how she would support her supersized family either emotionally or financially, and the reaction to her story has ranged from derision and disgust to outright threats. I admit to being aghast myself as the details of her story unfolded, yet I felt some sympathy for Suleman too, because it appeared that she had reached her decisions about childbearing almost entirely on her own.
In this regard she is like most fertility patients, though the majority have at least a spouse with whom to share such difficult decisions. In the past few decades, assisted reproduction has made astonishing advancements, but society at large and the church's teaching in particular have failed to keep up with the pace of technology. As a result, patients make decisions in a moral minefield—with perhaps the value-neutral counsel of a physician—or, in rare cases, after meeting with a mental-health professional, but rarely with the guidance of someone from their own faith community. It is true that the Catholic position on assisted reproduction is clear and well-documented, but in my years of struggling with infertility I found few options or resources for discussing the church's teachings with a real human being or for sharing my pain with others in the same situation. As Catholics we can do better than this. The church has learned how to reach out to others in difficult circumstances and guide them gently toward life-giving decisions. It is time to do the same for those suffering from this heavy burden.
U.S. fertility clinics performed 138,198 cycles of assisted reproduction in 2006, the latest year for which statistics are available. There is no way to tell how many of those are Catholics.
Church Teaching on Assisted Reproduction
By the time these patients reach the office of a reproductive endocrinologist, they have likely been trying to conceive for more than a year, and sometimes much longer than that. Many are concerned about cost (fertility treatment can cost $10,000 per cycle, and many couples need multiple cycles to succeed), but their overriding concern is usually to end the ordeal as quickly as possible. If they are churchgoing Catholics, it is unlikely they have received much support at church. It is the nature of churches to reach out to families with children, and many infertile people find weekly services to be a source of pain rather than comfort. If they know anything about Catholic teaching on assisted reproduction, they probably think that all fertility treatment is forbidden, although that is not exactly the case. Many Catholics I have met do not know that the church has any teaching at all on the subject.
The church's official teaching, first outlined in the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith's instruction The Gift of Life (1987), was reiterated in the Instruction on Certain Bioethical Questions(Dignitas Personae), which was released late last year. The teachings allow for fertility medication to encourage ovulation (a source of many higher-order multiple births) and surgery to correct conditions like varicoceles and endometriosis. They forbid procedures that substitute medical techniques for human intercourse. This includes in vitro fertilization, which removes eggs and sperm from the couple to create an embryo in a petri dish; the embryo which is then transferred to the woman's uterus. According to the instruction, the church opposes it because "it causes a complete separation between procreation and the conjugal act."
By the time Catholics have been to a fertility specialist, it is often too late for church teaching to play a role in their decision-making. The desire for a family is often too strong at this point to be tempered by a document written by Vatican officials. To be involved in the conversation from the start, the church should broach the subject in pre-Cana training, so that couples can start to think about what they would do in case of infertility long before they reach the doctor's office. Helping a couple to discuss the "what-if" before they marry increases the likelihood that a couple will include church teaching in their decision should they ever need fertility assistance.
Catholic parishes can also look to the Project Rachel model for help in crafting support for couples. Project Rachel is the church's post-abortion ministry, which operates as a network of priests and counselors trained to give spiritual and psychological care to people suffering from the aftermath of an abortion. Project Rachel offers a Web site with links to local resource centers, along with support groups and retreats in some dioceses.
Like those struggling with the aftermath of an abortion, people coping with infertility often prefer to seek help privately. A ministry to them modeled on Project Rachel would allow those at the parish level to refer fertility patients to a knowledgeable diocesan contact, instead of giving priests and family-life ministers one more subject to master. It would also enable peer contacts between couples who are just beginning to confront infertility and veterans who have resolved their infertility in a variety of ways.
Discerning the Best Options
The church's teachings on fertility are best known for what they forbid, but a robust outreach effort can emphasize the opportunities that exist for infertile couples. A growing number of physicians, trained by the Pope Paul VI Institute in Omaha, Neb., treat infertility in harmony with the church's teachings. Referrals to such physicians should be an important part of any effort.
Adoption is not the easy solution that many imagine, but a thorough presentation of the process can dispel many of the misconceptions people have about adoption and expose them to the blessings of this path to parenthood. Other couples may find that by forgoing parenthood, they are able to devote themselves to their marriage, careers, friendships and volunteer work on a level beyond what many parents can manage. Spiritual direction can help couples discern their true call in a way that will nurture them for years to come, reframing infertility as an opportunity for growth rather than merely a problem to overcome.
Catholic leaders have been steadfast and vocal in their opposition to embryonic stem cell research, which relies largely on embryos left over from in vitro fertilization. By engaging couples before they seek fertility treatment, church leaders might convince some of them to pursue other avenues, which would then reduce the number of embryos created. And for couples who are determined to try in vitro fertilization, some options within the range of medical treatment are preferable to others. For instance, couples can choose to create fewer embryos, which reduces the chances of having unused embryos. They can also reject the option of using donated sperm or eggs, which church teaching likens to adultery because it involves someone outside the marriage in the creation of life.
Finally, the church should strive for more honesty in the documents and teachings it promulgates with respect to infertility. I have studied the issue closely for many years, and I understand and agree with many of the concerns the church has about assisted reproduction. But anyone who knows much about the subject cannot help but be bothered by errors in the official teachings. Even the instruction Dignitas Personae, which was released just a few months ago, contains factual inaccuracies. It states that "approximately a third of women who have recourse to artificial procreation succeed in having a baby," when the eventual success rate is roughly 50 to 70 percent for all women, and up to 86 percent for women under 35. Other church documents champion techniques such as gamete or zygote inter-fallopian transfer as morally superior to in vitro fertilization, even though those techniques are rarely used now because they are medically inferior. Such lapses and distortions can make Catholics who pay close attention to this issue mistrustful of the church's teachings as a whole.
These ideas are offered as a starting point for thinking about how the church can better support couples enduring this difficult ordeal. This is a difficult time for parishes and dioceses to be adding to their list of programs. Yet I also know that today a desperate Catholic couple is sitting in a doctor's office receiving a list of their medical options. I want someone—someone they can trust and who has their best interests at heart—to give them their moral options too.
Julie Irwin Zimmerman is correct that there are quite a few errors, both scientific and ethical, in Dignitas Personae. There is a very basic error regarding human embryology, which is consistent with prior misunderstandings by the Curia and the Popes. Embryonic Stem Cell Research has taught us that if you remove the Chorion from an blastocyst, the underlying stem cells continue on. If ESCR killed a child, those cells would die (as they would if you removed the Chorion from a bona fide embryo after gastrulation). Among the ethical errors are it citation of the danger of haves and have nots in the ability to pay for these treatments. This is not a fault of the treatment modality, however, but in the funding of them. If equality is a concern, the answer is to make sure that the poor can afford them as well.
To underline the main point that Mrs. Zimmerman makes, in this day and age the only power the Church has is the power to persuade through the truthfullness of its arguments. Until the Church is willing to actually listen to those scientists who are authorities in these matters, as well as those faithful who have undergone these procedures, it cannot cling to the notion that anyone will listen to it's teachings.
I would like to address your point of how removing the chorion from a blastocyst does not prevent the stem cells from developing according to their nature. This is exactly the same as if a surgeon were to remove someone's esophagus. It would not immediately cause the death of the person. However, without an esophagus, a person would not be able to continue living without medical intervention to obtain nourishment. Without a chorion, the blastocyst will not be able to develop a placenta. So even if the cells continue to function, as would all the cells present in the person whose esophagus we removed, the ultimate fate of that blastocyst is determined by the removal of the chorion. In other words, the fact that the remaining cells continue to function does not mean that a child will result if what remains is implanted into a womb. Actually, the opposite would result. The child would not die, only because it would never have developed due to being unable to form a placenta.
There are errors in Dignitas Personae, however, there are also errors in the logic of your justification for embryonic stem cell research. If this is the logic of "those scientists who are authorities in these matters", then the Church is wise in not incorporating their perspective into its teaching on infertility treatments and ESCR.
While the specifics of Church guidance on reproductive matters may be inadequate and inaccurate, it is still the case that the principle of being in communion with God and nature should dominate both private decision making and public policies. There is absolutely no reason that the government should assist people with fertility treatments or investigations into producing cures and treatments that depend upon the creation and destruction of human embryos.
Marie, when a chorion is removed prior to gastrulation the cells which survive the process (all of the ones that would have been a child) are pluripotential stem cells and are ontologically the same as stem cells harvested from an adult. Until gastrulation, they are not "beings." A blastocyst is not really an embryo. To be an embryo, one must be developing. Embryo is a title which should be reserved for after gastrulation. It is a misuse of language to call a blastocyst an embryo - however it is the standard nomenclature. The act of harvesting stem cells from a blastocyst is morally neutral. Indeed, creating a blastocyst for this purpose through cloning would also be morally neutral. Using cloning to create an identical twin of oneself would be an act of vanity, while creating a clone from the cells of a dead child would be an act of bad faith in the resurrection - since such a clone would be its own person, not a reincarnation of the child. The means of doing both, however, are morally neutral.
This was an excellent article with a poor title. Catholic publications should be very careful not to cast any positive light on an organization so terribly corrupt and misguided as Planned Parenthood. I realize a play on words was intended, but it was an ill conceived one.
What a good article. Hopefully it will be circulated widely around the world. Not enough teaching anywhere occurs in relation to infertility and its sequelae. The response of the Church to Reproductive Technology is often clouded and as the article states we Catholics know what is forbidden and little about what is allowed or possible.
Are children and young people given enough correct information even know when we have so much more knowledge than ever??
Thanks again for a great article. Rosemary Keenan (68 married 40 years; no children; member of local parish).
please see the link >
for inferitle catholic couples i suggest to try other medical sources when one doesnt work actuallly try half dozen..DOCTORS ARE NOT INFALALIBLE EVEN THE EXPERT ONES,SO TRY A FEW OTHERS.THEN CONSIDER ADOPTION OF AN AMERICAN BORN ORPHAN.IF THAT IS NOT HELPFUL THEN GO ON TO THE ARTIFICIAL MEANS.BUT I WOULD EXHAUST ALL THE OPTIONS OF THE FIRST TWO SUGGESTIONS..
If stem cells are removed at the blastocyst stage, there is no damage to the potential human life. It is entirely undifferentiated, all cells are equivalent and no cell is essential. This is not a condition one finds in a living organism, where all parts are essential. Stem cells prior to gastrulation are ontologically and spiritually alike to adult stem cells. They are tissue, not life. That is not the case after gastrulation. Frankly, it is not correct to call a blastocyst an embryo at all. This is not scientism, but scientific fact.
Following the logic of the Roman Catholic Church's argument...Why is there no coordinated effort within the Roman Catholic Church to have women donate womb space to bring frozen embryos to life? Why isn't the Roman Catholic Church at the forefront of advocacy for research into fallopian tube, vas deferens and uterus transplants? Catholics on sites such as Life News have shown vast ignorance in relation to assisted reproduction and a lack of compassion that cannot be considered Christ-like. They assume all IVF cycles involve destruction of embryos and they mock married couples that would like to become biological parents through IVF as selfish and ignoring God's will for them in their lives. They assume these couples are too narcissistic to adopt, and that those who have conceived naturally (no matter the circumstances) have been "blessed" by God. I'd love to read a poll about what percent of Catholics who have had children naturally have in addition adopted children into their families? It seems so convenient to match up the unwanted babies in the world with couples struggling with infertility (and it certainly lifts the burden on taxpayers that otherwise would be supporting the unadopted children's needs). If no babies were available for adoption (the supply is shrinking as we give greater support to single mothers), would the Life News writers and posters still feel so self-righteous in demanding infertile couples forgo fertility treatments? For me, this issue is tremendously personal. My son's father and I are each one of more than 10 children with strong ties to the Pro-Life movement. Due to several of my brothers' being carriers of cystic fibrosis, they have together with their wives brought 6 children into the world with IVF. I know the parents are committed to giving all embryos they have created a chance at life, as they believe each one is unique and deserving of life. I also know the parents are committed to raising their children Catholic, and that our local priest supported their decisions to procreate through IVF (as my brothers, lacking vas deferens, could not conceive "naturally" with their wives). I asked Fr. Tad Pacholczyk, Director of Education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center, in person about the moral status of my brothers and their wives. He said that IVF is never morally acceptable and that it is a grave offense. When asked what my siblings should now do, he said that they need to make a good confession. I wonder, though, what have they done that is sinful? I interpret Fr. Tad's perspective to be that, if my brothers and their wives were "good" Catholics, their children would not exist. I know firsthand the tremendous sadness that infertility can bring to a marriage, as another close family member's spouse divorced them over disagreements about how to become biological parents while being faithful to Catholic Church teaching. How many Catholics turn to IVF when they have no other biological options, and how many other infertile Catholics chose adoption instead? I also asked Fr. Tad about snowflake babies and the Catholic Church's perspective on this procedure. He essentially said it is morally wrong to create new embryos and that while the Church had no official position on adopting frozen embryos, there are good arguments on both sides. He left me with the impression that, instead of pursuing a path that would produce a biological sibling for our child, my son's father and I would find more favor with the Catholic Church if we adopted a snowflake baby instead. I would welcome Fr. Tad or other Catholic bioethicists to expand upon this reasoning. The way I see it is, then, if the Catholic Church recruited enough generous women to donate their womb space to bring all the frozen embryos to life, then those of us who have not abused the IVF process and will not abuse it by creating more embryos than we will give life to will then have a moral chance at procreating with our own embryos. It is beyond my understanding, even as a theology minor at a Jesuit college who has worked for several dioceses, how the Roman Catholic Church can sympathize with and forgive women who have chosen to have abortions, even welcoming them back into the Church if they are now married with other children (who will never know about their murdered sibling), but the Roman Catholic Church completely condemns a Catholic couple who has never so much as used birth control to prevent pregnancies, who choose to procreate via IVF using their own eggs and sperm, and transfer all embryos to the uterus. My son still attends Catholic school. At some point, will he be taught that, if his uncles and aunts were good Catholics, his 6 cousins would not exist? If so, please tell me now, so I can investigate other educational options before he is exposed to this hateful line of reasoning.
Except for the second, it's interesting to see the responses this essay has thus far so subtly provoked (e.g. the fifth).
Consider for example how the author pitched this remedy or invitation: "And for couples who are determined to try in vitro fertilization, some options within the range of medical treatment are preferable to others. For instance, couples can choose to create fewer embryos, which reduces the chances of having unused embryos."
So, if one is going to accept that killing human embryos is justifiable by its end, that is, creating one any way technically possible, well, hmm, kill as few as you can.
Why is there not even a disclaimer from the Jesuit editors?
> toral challenge to advise couples faced with infertility problems. How can=
> we fault young couples who desperately want to begin a family? Not mentio=
> ned in the article, though, is the possibility of embryo adoption, mentione=
> d in Dignitas Personae but not explicitly condemned. Information about emb=
> ryo adoption is available at [url=http://www.embryoconnection.org%3Chttp//www.embryoconn]www.embryoconnection.org> ection.org/>.


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Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
Reptilian complex or R-complex is a part of the triune brain model ('tri', as in 3 part) proposed by Paul D. MacLean. This theory seeks to explain brain function through the evolution of existing structures of the human brain. The triune brain consists of:
- The R-complex (also known as the "brainstem"),
- The Limbic system and
- The neo-cortex.
The theory, observable not only through fossil records and animal phylogeny, but notably during the stages of all mammalian and human prenatal development as well, explains that the evolution of the mammalian brain depended on and was enhanced in both its structure and function by a series of evolutionary plateaus. These evolutionary plateaus correspond closely with the phylogenic grouping of animals throughout the history of life on Earth.
Mammalian brain structure exists in the outer, most recently developed sphere of the brain, where evolution is newer and younger. These areas are the Limbic systems and neo-cortex. The Limbic system, which was first introduced by MacLean in a paper in 1952, is similar to the brain of the more primitive mammals and is the source of emotions, some aspects of personal identity, and some memory functions. The Limbic system is composed of the amygdala and the hippocampus. The neo-cortex, also known as the cerebral cortex, resembles the brain of more recent mammals in that it controls more highly evolved mentation such as reason and speech. Memory; the concepts of culture, art and literature; a prolonged childhood wherein learned behavior, vital to survival, is acquired along with generational recognition and care of family members are some of these more evolutionarily advanced brain activities with which those beings of the Mammalian Order have used to raise their individual species to such global prominence in so short a period of evolutionary time.
The brainstem and older, atavistic areas of the Central Nervous System control normal involuntary behavior that the conscious mind does not, such as cardiopulmonary function. These are found in all vertebrates. In between these two brains, lies the R-complex.
The R-complex is named for the most advanced part of the brain higher mammals share with reptiles. It is responsible for rage[1], xenophobia[1], basic survival fight-or-flight responses[1], territoriality[How to reference and link to summary or text] and social hierarchy[How to reference and link to summary or text], along with the desire to submit to stronger (Alpha Type) members of one's own species[How to reference and link to summary or text]. Often, the R-Complex can override the more rational function of the brain and result in unpredictable, primitive behavior in even the most sentient of creatures, humans included. A well developed and healthy neo-cortex can monitor R-Complex activity in sentient beings. The Reptilian complex is the most ancient part of a very successful brain scheme, evolutionarily speaking.
See alsoEdit
Sagan, Carl. The Dragons of Eden; Random House, New York. 1977
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ben Best (2004). The Amygdala and the Emotions. URL accessed on 2007-03-15.
- zh:Reptilian complex
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


text: Hello, everyone! This thread is dedicated to the different Thunderfighters we encounter in the Buck Rogers series from 1979. As you (hopefully) know, master mind Martin Saenger created an ingenious Thunderfighter paper model which is available on his website www.paperaviation.de . This model is so great and impressed me so much that I immediately thought of creating some add-on parts to turn it into the old starfighter (from the episode "Happy Birthday, Buck") and the common 4-seater variant. Martin was so kind and allowed me to develop these parts; he also told me there might be a chance that they could be offered on his website for free download later on. Thank you for this, Martin! Bidi-bidi-bidi! (= "You are great!") :thumb: I also have to thank zealot member Rhaven Blaack. This thread would have covered only the canon TF variants - if he hadn't told me about two of his fan designs: the Mk. III and Mk. IV TF. These designs are really great. They expand the common TF line nicely and are definitely worth being built, too. Especially the Mk. III is a treat and has the same appeal to me like the classic Cylon Raider from Razor. Since Rhaven has designed these variants in the first place he is designing the add-on parts for them and will be building the prototypes. I will then revise them so that they fit in the original design. I hope he is reading this post so that we may officially declare our team-up on this project. Let's do it, pal! :thumb:


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At ePromos, you'll find marketing gifts and giveaways that are anything but ordinary! Keep clients and customers up-to-date with a calendar that's custom designed to match your brand's style. We offer pop-up and novelty products in fun shapes that will spruce up any work desk, home office, kitchen wall, or fridge. With so many items, it's easy to find the wallet or display calendar to suit your budget and campaign. Get in touch with a representative now and let's launch the next leg of your promotional strategy!
These soft puzzle cubes not only are fun to put together but also doubles as a desktop custom calendar and pen holder.
Durable promo bookmark with magnetic backing to keep your page in place.


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9174 Wardrobe Storage Cabinet are constructed of 20-Gauge steel. Ideal for warehouses, factories and environments where a heavy duty storage cabinet is needed. Available as unassembled or assembled (additional charge for assembled). Feature a durable powder coated finish available in gray, tan or black.
- Each cabinet holds up to 360 lbs.
- 1 adjustable shelves fit objects in various sizes
- Durable steel shelf can accommodate up to 180 lbs. evenly distributed
- Space for your entire wardrobe, house hold item and more
- A coat rod that can accommodate full length garments
- Feature two 17 in. wide doors and a 6 in. steel handle with a built-in 3 point locking mechanism with 2 keys
- Durable powder coated finish allows for easy cleanup with a damp cloth
- Fully assembled


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HVNGRY for more from your media?
Press Release – HVNGRY Magazine
HVNGRY for more from your media?
Wednesday, January 29 2014
Introducing HVNGRY magazine – an online publication for teen girls (and boys) wanting more from mainstream media. It's a belly full of inspiration, motivation, passion, power, and taking-over-the-world. HVNGRY is here to feature amazing works, thoughts, and creations relevant to a diverse range of readers, with a focus on lovely things like body positivity, intersectionality and openness.
The magazine went live on Friday, January 24th and has received well over 7000 pageviews worldwide. Twenty minutes before the website had even launched, HVNGRY was selected as one of ten finalists in the BNZ StartUp Alley and will be pitching their publication to the esteemed international attendees at 2014's Webstock conference - hosted in Wellington on the 13th and 14th of February.
HVNGRY is a worldwide phenomenon founded by three students at Otago University and was made possible by their network of friends and family -- all passionate about positive media for girls.
It has never been more important to foster the growth and confidence of girls and young women, who face a raft of issues such as the gender pay gap, upward mobility in the workplace and inclusiveness in the social sphere. HVNGRY aims to challenge everyday perceptions that have long become stale representations of what girls think about and what they relate to. HVNGRY will touch on problems many are often too afraid or too ashamed to speak of out loud. It will cover LGBT issues, self-perception, body confidence and health, sexuality, diversity, discrimination and difference.
An open team of enthusiastic and experienced writers will contribute stories, opinion pieces, as well as advice on fashion & style; beauty & health; and reviews of films and music. We will also be on hand to answer your queries, questions and comments. Let 2014 be the year of inspiration; the year to satisfy your hvnger.
Plus, follow us on Facebook (HVNGRYmag), Twitter (@HVNGRYmag) and Instagram


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I am considering fillers. They suggested pdt laser too. Apparently, they thought surgery was out of the question. I got many scars, mostly mini ones but, one scar is pretty big enought to effect my confidence. I hear fillers are around $1000 and not exactly pleasant. Juvederm a good choice? With my skin tone, I don't think laser is a smart choice, plus, it is very expensive.
How Safe is Fillers for Acne Scars and What is the Worst Situation Possible?
Doctor Answers 10
Acne Scar Treatment And Fillers
Juvederm and other hyaluronic acid products are excellent fillers for acne scar treatment. FIllers work best for shallow rolled scars. Sometimes, these injections are combined with a localized subcision procedure.
The most common side effects of fillers are bruising, swelling, discomfort and bumps. Sometimes a bluish discolorations can be observed if the filler is injected too superficially. These side effects, in general, are self limited and easily managed. More rare side effects are infections, persistent swelling and skin breakdown (if the filler is injected into a blood vessel). Again, infections and swelling can be easily treated. The risk of skin breakdown resulting from the filler hitting a blood vessel is unlikely with acne scar treatment and usually occurs if the fillers are injected much deeper into the skin.
Fillers for Acne Scars
Fillers are quite safe for acne scars, but it would be good to subcise the scar before filling it in. The worst situation possible is the filler going down too quickly.
Good luck!
Acne Scars and filling them with fillers
Fillers can be a good way to elevate the depressed scars. Now most of the fillers are showing collagen production with restylane being the more recent filler to show this scientifically. A multilayered approach is the best way to treat acne scarring. Co2 resurfacing is usually the very last treatment that I do.
You might also like...
Dermal fillers for acne scars
depending on your skin type and nature of your scar, various treatment modalities or their combinations can be used safely. Use of dermal fillers is only one of several approaches that include laser resurfacing, dermabrasion, surgery and even medications. Consult your dermatologist to determine the best option for you
Learn more: http://www.finetouchdermatology.com/los-angeles-fraxel-laser/
Fillers for acne scars
Fillers are a great option for acne scars. Juvederm works great however it is not a permanent filler. You will have to redo the treatment most likely every 9-12 months. I have found that small droplets of silicone work great for acne scars and this is a permanent filler. The treatment costs around 500-1,000 per treatment and are not very painful. Fraxel laser is a great option to compliment fillers for scne scars. However, in your skin type you need to be very careful. Make sure you see a dermatologist who is trained in Laser surgery. Dr. Halem
Treating Acne Scars with Fillers
Treatment of acne scars with injectable fillers is safe and effective. However, there are different types of acne scars, necessitating different treatment modalities. In our practice, we use liquid injectable silicone for filling of acne scars, in addition to other treatments such as punch excision and light electrodessication, depending on the types of scars. I recommend you consult with a board-certified dermatologist for evaluation and discussion of treatment modalities.
Learn more: http://www.barnettdermatology.com/treatments.php?id=24
Fillers for acne scars
Fillers can be a good choice for some acne scars. The worst scenario would be that you are disappointed or do not like how it looks and will have to wait until it dissolves or have it dissolved. I think that if your expectations are realistic and you have a good doctor doing this you will be happy. One thing that can be done to see whether scars can fill is to have the doctor inject normal saline first. That will disappear within the day.
Fillers for Acne Scars
Fillers can work well for acne scars as long as you do not have ice pick type scars. The ideal scar for fillers would be one that is shallow and distensible. The hyaluronic acis fillers such as Restylane or Juvederm would be the fillers of choice; however you do have a risk of bluish discoloration if the material is injected too superficially.
As far as the worst possible situation, that is hard to predict. These fillers are very safe, but bruising, swelling, and occasional lumps are the most common side effects. Very rarely the filler can be inadvertantly injected into a blood vessel leading to an ulceration with possible scarring. The cost of fillers is extremely variable, but please go to an experienced injector. Lasers might not be an optimal choice for you.
Fillers fine for Acne Scars
Fillers are quite safe for acne scars since they are not injected into any of the danger zones of the face such as the glabella. Juvederm Ultra would be the best one of the fillers available in the US. Treating acne scars with a hyaluronic acid filler will last longer than fillers injected into areas of tension such as the lips or naso-labial folds. So, the duration should be at the high end of the spectrum, probably 16 months or so. Do consult with someone with experience, a plastic surgeon or dermatologist, since these injections are superficial and risk the blue discoloration of the Tyndall effect. The cost is actually significantly less than $1000 and should be 1/2 or even 1/3 of that price.
Some might advice a fractionated laser, however, if you have numerous acne scars. Generally, fillers are best for a few scattered acne scars.
Finally, you must mean PDT ( photodynamic therapy) with an Intense pulsed light...blue light or red light device. This is not a true laser. Also, as far as I know, it is not particularly effective for acne scarring, though it is a great modality for active acne.
Fillers for acne scars
There are lots of good treatments for acne scars and photos would be helpful. Fillers are a wonderful treatment and should be in your budget to improve your situation. Laser resurfacing such as Fraxel would likely be more costly and many not be more effective. Good luck!
Learn more: http://kassmd.com
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Time Schedule:
Sharon L Doty
Seattle Campus
Explores current topics in forest bioresources with an emphasis on bioenergy, remediation of pollutants, and carbon sequestration. . Recommended: a college-level course in either biology or chemistry. Offered: A.
Class description
The course covers three main areas: 1) Phytoremediation, the use of plants for removing environmental pollution; 2) Bioenergy, the fuels produced from renewable resources; and 3) carbon sequestration, the removal of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In the first part of the course, the students will learn about how plants remove and detoxify organic pollutants and sequester metal pollutants. They will learn the advantages and disadvantages of using phytoremediation over other methods, and how the process can be improved. One lecture will focus on genetic engineering of plants, followed by a lecture describing how this method can lead to increased degradation of pollutants. The bioenergy part of the course covers bioethanol, biomethanol, and biodiesel as alternative fuels. Lectures on the need for biofuels and on how current practices are being improved frame this part of the course. The final part of the course covers how plants can be used to sequester carbon. This unit is prefaced with a discussion on global warming.
Student learning goals
The course aims to provide students with knowledge about pressing environmental issues and possible green solutions.
A focus is on providing the students with the most current technologies and biotechnology research for solving environmental challenges
General method of instruction
PowerPoint lectures followed by class discussions.
Recommended preparation
general biology background is suggested but NOT required.
Class assignments and grading
Short-essay exams. Students can bring one note page to the exam summarizing the information from the lectures.
Two exams (150 points each),a final exam (75 points), and participation in class discussions (25) for a total of 400 points.


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Kevin Federline Knocked His Girlfriend Up
Granted, it's been rumored before that Kevin Federline impregnated his girlfriend Victoria Prince, but until now, there were never photos of Sean Preston rubbing his clearly-gestating sibling and wondering if real mama's gonna eat this one, too. He knows he ain't supposed to talk about Jeffie, but how comes they don't make baby sammiches at Subway? "Daddy says we gotta eat here 'cause new mommy ain't a 'fancy retard mill-en-air.'"
EDIT: Here's Victoria Prince in a bikini which I'm linking purely for medical purposes.
UPDATE (3.29.11): And it's official.
Photos: Pacific Coast News