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Africa's Lost Tax Revenue, Lost Development Opportunities
by John Christensen
Read the PDF of this article here: pdf
Tax policy plays a major role in shaping development outcomes. While tax is not an end in itself, the role played by a suitably designed mix of tax policies in securing sustainable public finances, promoting equitable growth, dampening harmful social and ecological outcomes, and building democratic states, is well established (Kaldor 1980; Brautigam, Feldstad, and Moore 2008). However, the research that has been conducted on how tax policies shapes development outcomes often lacks sufficient detail on specific country cases (Bird 2010). Almost invariably, tax revenue provides the cheapest means of funding public investments in education, health, physical infrastructure, crime prevention, and public defense. Tax is also core to the social contract between citizens and state: citizens as taxpayers want assurance that everyone pays their fair share and that the revenue collected is being spent wisely on their behalf. Citizens are far more likely to pay taxes when they feel that politicians are honoring the social contract and that tax policies are legitimate and applied fairly.
Tax injustices are rife in many African countries, as they are in many (most!) countries around the world (http://www.taxjustice.net/cms/upload/pdf/tuiyc_africa_final.pdf). Tax evasion and tax avoidance are widespread among wealthy and corporate elites. In addition, a large proportion of the micro-businesses that predominate in the majority of African countries operate outside the formal economies, reducing labor productivity and slowing growth. With this enormous scale of evasion and avoidance, tax departments fall far short of having sufficient staff and resourcing to tackle these endemic problems. Much African-origin wealth has been accumulated in secret offshore companies, trusts, and bank accounts (Henry 2012). But international efforts to curtail tax havens have been weak and largely ineffective. Unnecessary and typically harmful tax exemptions proliferate, not least for the ruling elites themselves. Tax regimes have become increasingly regressive in their impacts on poorer people, with indirect taxes being substituted for more progressive income, wealth, and property taxes. In many natural-resource-exporting countries, rulers have found it easier and more personally rewarding to make special tax deals with multinational companies than to go through the more arduous and time-consuming process of being accountable to their citizens.
The long-term outcomes in many countries have included low tax yields, requiring excessive reliance on external debt or foreign aid; under-investment in public goods such as health, education, training, and research; and widespread public disenchantment with the legitimacy of taxes and the state itself. These weaknesses have impacted the potential for sustainable growth and social and political stability, fueling a vicious circle of underdevelopment. This encourages the most harmful of all types of capital flight: the long-term exodus of Africa's brightest and most innovative people, whose departure leaves the continent bereft of the skills and flair required for sustainable development.
If poorer countries are to escape from aid dependency and the grip of external debt, and from poverty more broadly, it is essential that their revenue authorities have the capacity to collect taxes efficiently and in ways that are just and equitable. This requires measures both to enhance internal tax collection and also to reduce the barriers created by tax havens and international accounting and tax rules that are quite simply not fit for their intended purposes. Clearly the time has come to put tax justice on the agenda.
Recent trends, and what they hide
At first glance tax revenue trends since 1990 in many African countries appear positive. Collected taxes have increased from 22 per cent of GDP in 1990 to 27 percent in 2007 (OECD 2010, 84). But these figures mask important factors that shape development prospects. Revenues from oil and mineral exports account for the majority of this increase. Revenue from other trade taxes has declined. Revenue from indirect taxes has likewise declined and the widespread adoption of Value Added Tax has generally had a regressive impact on poorer households. The overall trend in collection of direct taxes on personal incomes and corporate profits has been flat (OECD 2010, 90).
The big picture is therefore one which shows that mineral exporting countries such as Algeria, Angola, Chad, Gabon, and Libya have been successful in capturing economic rents during commodity boom times, while non-mineral exporters, particularly very low income countries such as Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, and Sudan, have been less successful in the arduous task of raising revenue from personal and corporate income taxes, and from taxes on wealth and property.
It is especially notable that yields from corporate income taxes have not increased in line with economic growth trends in recent years. Several factors might explain this. First, statutory tax rates have been reduced in many African countries, in parallel with a global race to the bottom in taxes on corporate incomes. Second, the past 30 years have seen a remarkable increase in the granting of corporate tax exemptions in a variety of different forms, including tax holidays, special rates, accelerated depreciation rates, and others. While there is no evidence that these exemptions are essential to attracting inbound investment that contributes to long-term growth, there can be little doubt that they provide incentives to domestic investors to accumulate their capital in secret offshore structures, subsequently round tripping that capital to the country of origin dressed up as foreign direct investment. OECD and IMF officials have privately conceded to the author that this round tripping probably occurs on a significant scale, but they are unable to quantify that scale due to offshore secrecy. A third explanatory factor behind the flat-lining corporate tax yields is the increased sophistication of corporate tax avoidance, which is globally systemic.
Tax avoidance, particularly involving transfer pricing, undermines markets by distorting competition in favor of multinational companies (MNCs), which can and do use transfer pricing extensively to shift their profits to tax havens. This works to the disadvantage of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that typically provide the engines of innovation and job creation in most economies. This distorted playing field between MNCs and SMEs reduces price competition, lowers corporate tax yields, harms innovation, and favors capital-intensive over labor-intensive production technologies. These negative impacts are cumulatively harmful to development prospects, particularly for countries with high levels of under-employment.
Equally disturbing is the weak revenue growth from personal income taxes. Commodity booms and privatizations of monopoly sectors such as telecoms have contributed to the accumulation of extraordinary levels of personal wealth among African elites, who generally prefer to hold a large proportion of their wealth offshore. Several factors, not least personal security, shape this decision to hold wealth offshore. But the invariable outcome of illicit financial outflows to secrecy jurisdictions is that development prospects are undermined both by loss of investment capital and by endemic tax evasion (Christensen 2009a). Although hard to quantify, the real impacts on development are stark. One estimate suggests that repatriation of just one quarter of the accumulated stock of illicit financial outflows from Africa would lead to a near doubling of the ratio of domestic investment to GDP (Fofack and Ndikumana 2010).
This in turn impacts the quality of governance in Africa. The majority of African people engaged in illicit financial flows to offshore secrecy jurisdictions come from the elite 1 percent. In many cases they have accumulated their wealth through corrupt activities, often embezzling public or private assets, which they subsequently transfer offshore. This elite has little or no interest in investing in their own domestic economies. They are protected from the social impacts of inequality and disorder by having overseas residences and access for themselves and their families to elite schools and hospitals in other countries. In short, they have every incentive to retain the status quo which enables looting and protects their ill-gotten gains, and to block progressive measures that might strengthen international cooperation and domestic governance. They are aided in this project by the global infrastructure of banks, accounting and legal firms, and secrecy jurisdictions which provide the supply-side infrastructure that enables and encourages their corrupt activities.1
Barriers to progressive tax regimes in Africa
African tax policy makers face formidable barriers in the way of creating progressive, pro-poor tax regimes. Some barriers arise from domestic factors such as the scale of informal sectors, the power of political and wealthy elites to secure tax exemptions and special tax treatments while also resisting and evading progressive taxes on wealth and property, and the under-resourcing of national and regional tax departments. Domestic structural barriers are compounded by external factors such as the protracted failure of the relevant international organizations to tackle transfer pricing abuses by multinational companies (Christensen 2009b) and the global scandal of tax havens and secrecy jurisdictions (Shaxson 2011, available at http://treasureislands.org/the-book/).
At the domestic level, seeking to bring the informal sector into the taxed formal sector offers opportunities not just for increased tax revenues, but also for higher levels of productivity, faster growth rates, and enhanced social inclusion. If, however, the costs of entering the sector are too high for small firms, and particularly for the micro-businesses that currently dominate most African informal economies, then most are likely to choose to remain outside the system (Jütting and de Laiglesia 2009). Addressing this issue requires changes in several factors, including the administrative capacity of the tax authorities, a cultural shift of attitudes to the legitimacy of state tax raising powers, and a tax mix that does not impose too much complexity or bureaucracy on small traders and micro-businesses.
African countries are hardly unique in suffering a proliferation of tax exemptions and preferential tax treatments, often targeting specific groups who normally fall into the elite category. These exemptions and special treatments seldom serve useful purposes and typically have negative outcomes, including the corrupting process of endless behind-the-scenes lobbying for yet more exemptions. While it is hard to quantify revenue losses from such exemptions, and recognizing that some exemptions may have an overall progressive impact on poorer households, one recent estimate suggests that four East African countries, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, are losing up to US$2.8 billion annually from tax incentives and exemptions. Much of this loss is due to incentives and exemptions aimed at attracting foreign direct investment (Tax Justice Network Africa and Action Aid 2012).2 Proposals for new tax incentives and exemptions should therefore be treated with great caution, even when the intention is to create an incentive to invest. Other factors such as the availability of a trained workforce, or raw material inputs, or transport infrastructure, are typically far more important to investors. Tax incentives carry expenditure costs, which should be carefully evaluated since they involve revenues effectively foregone. They also risk undermining the integrity of the tax system, with knock-on effects on tax legitimacy and market efficiency.
Several case studies have been published in recent years of transfer pricing involving African countries (Christian Aid 2009; Action Aid 2012). But it is important to keep in mind that this problem is systemic rather than a case of a few rotten apples in the corporate barrel. The problems stem from the inherent weaknesses of the guidelines established by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) under the rubric of its arm's length method for pricing internal transactions within multinational companies. The practical problems associated with trying to apply the arm's length method are well known to African tax authorities.3 But the intellectual weaknesses of the arm's length method also pose insurmountable challenges, especially in relation to transfer pricing abuses involving provision of management and similar intangible services and to the pricing of intellectual property rights (Sheppard 2012). Practical alternatives do exist, however, that do not involve applying the arm's length method. Many developing countries are experimenting with such alternative ways of tackling transfer pricing abuse (Valadão 2012; Zhang 2012).
The specter of tax havens has loomed large on the global political agenda in recent years. Tax havens are recognized to have played important roles in weakening financial market regulation and enabling illicit cross-border financial flows. Some commentators portray tax havens as supply-side agents in providing an enabling environment for corrupt activities: according to their argument the supply of secrecy services from tax havens creates a 'criminogenic' market environment, in which banks, accounting and legal firms, and others are willing to provide support services for illicit financial flows because these services generate highly profitable fee rates (Shaxson 2011; Christensen 2012). In 2009, two years after financial crises hit European and North American markets, the G20 countries agreed in London to tackle tax havens and abolish the banking secrecy that encourages and enables companies and super-rich people?the high net-worth clients so sought after by the offshore wealth management industry?to evade taxes in their normal country of residence. This G20 initiative has had limited success, however. This is due to its reliance on weak OECD standards for tax information exchange between tax havens and other countries, and partly due to the lack of pressure from developing countries, including African countries, to use this opportunity to tackle offshore secrecy. As the British Parliament's International Development Committee notes in its 2012 report on tax and development:
"The capacity of a developing country tax authority to obtain information on the offshore activities of its citizens or corporations (i.e. information from foreign tax authorities) is critical to its ability to curtail illicit capital flight." (IDC 2012, 23)
While African countries are not members of the OECD, the African Tax Administrator's Forum is well placed to put pressure on the OECD to strengthen its information exchange standards by adopting automatic exchange as the effective global standard and extending it multilaterally rather than through bilateral treaty processes. More importantly, however, African countries as members of the United Nations, are under-represented on the UN's Committee of Experts on International Cooperation on Tax Matters, and few African countries send representatives to observe that Committee. African countries can use their collective political weight to push UN ECOSOC to strengthen the Committee by granting it inter-governmental status, and push the Committee to create a multilateral system which uses automatic information exchange as the effective global standard.4 Significantly, in 2012 the OECD acknowledged that automatic information exchange is effective as a deterrent to illicit financial flows and tax evasion, so the pathway is clear for African countries to require its implementation by offshore secrecy jurisdictions.
Catching up on lost opportunities
Increasing tax yields represents a challenge for African tax authorities. But this is a crucial part of mobilizing Africa's domestic resources for development. While aid remains a short- term necessity for some poorer countries, the long-term goal must be to increase the domestic savings rate to reduce dependence on external investment sources. With such a large proportion of Africa's private savings currently being hidden away in secret offshore trusts and bank accounts, the scope for raising revenues in an equitable, pro-poor way is limited. Tackling illicit financial outflows must therefore be seen as a high priority.
Much can be done both to curtail current outflows and encourage repatriation of savings shifted offshore years ago. The most effective way of achieving this lies with strengthening international cooperation on information exchange to deter citizens from holding savings offshore to evade taxes. Once the secrecy incentives to use offshore structures to hold assets offshore and evade taxes are removed, the supply-side attractions of tax havens will diminish significantly. Tackling the offshore issue is a primary concern since the widespread public awareness of how the 1 percent use offshore accounts undermines tax morale and reduces compliance further down the income scale. Reversing weak tax morale requires strong and high-profile action to convince the 99 percent that taxes aren't just for "the little people."
Once basic confidence in the fairness of the tax system is achieved, the focus can shift to implementing a broader tax-policy mix that is both more equitable and more conducive to pro-poor growth. A key goal at this stage must be to encourage unregistered traders and micro-businesses to join the formal economy and become taxpayers. There is no simple formula for achieving this. But a mix of policies including allowing access to micro-credit, assisting with registration and tax filing, and support with distribution and marketing, might provide an appropriate balance of incentives. It is also crucial that the tax-policy mix covers a wide spread of citizens, and does not fall disproportionately on small and micro businesses. While there is no one-size-fits-all tax-policy mix that suits the needs and circumstances of all countries, certain principles need to underlie the choices that determine the choice of tax regime. These principles include:
• Choosing taxes that contribute to a long-term development strategy, and rejecting taxes that undermine the chosen strategy;
• Recognizing that taxes operate as a package rather than in isolation from each other;
• Creating a balanced tax regime based on a wide mix of taxes, including taxes on income, capital gains, wealth, property, and sales, rather than relying on only one or two sources of revenue income;
• Providing appropriate incentives for environmental protection;
• Avoiding taxes that require a considerable administrative input or are overly complex for micro-businesses.
In addition to the above principles, it is necessary to take account of the imperative to empower African citizens to hold their governments to account on both how taxes are raised and how the revenues are spent. The principles of tax justice require that citizens are actively engaged in tax policy formulation, in budgetary processes, in expenditure monitoring, and in promoting the efficiency, equity, and transparency of revenue collection processes. These are the foundations on which Africans can build a sustainable tax justice consensus.
Since 1985 John Christensen (firstname.lastname@example.com) has focused his research on the role played by tax havens in the global economy. He participates in the OECD's informal task force on tax and development and is a board member of New Rules for Global Finance. His work is sponsored by the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust
Action Aid. 2012. Calling Time: Why SAB Miller should stop tax dodging in Africa. Updated April. London: Action Aid.
Bird, R. M. 2010. Taxation and Development. World Bank Working Paper 34. Washington, DC: World Bank. Available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPREMNET/Resources/EP34.pdf (accessed 16 August 2012)
Brautigam, D., O-H. Fjeldstad, and N. Moore. 2008. Taxation and State-Building in Developing Countries: Capacity and Consent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Christian Aid. 2009. The True Cost of Tax Dodging in Africa. Video film on the mining industry in Zambia. Accessed 16 August 2012. http://www.christianaid.org.uk/ActNow/trace-the-tax/resources/zambian-copper-tax.aspx.
Christensen, J. E. 2009a. Africa's Bane: Tax Havens, Capital Flight and the Corruption Interface. Working Paper. Madrid: Real Instituto Encarno. Available at: www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano_eng/Content?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/elcano/elcano_in/zonas_in/sub-saharan+africa/dt1-2009 (accessed 16 August 2012)
Christensen, J. E. 2009b. "Taxing Multinational Corporations." In Tax Justice: Putting Global Inequality on the Agenda. edited by M. Kohonen and F. Mestrum. Pluto Press. London.
Christensen, J. E. 2012. "The hidden trillions: Secrecy, corruption, and the offshore interface." Crime, Law and Social Change 57: 325-343.
Fofack, H. and L. Ndikumana. 2010. "Capital Flight Repatriation: Investigation of its Potential Gains for Sub-Saharan African Countries." African Development Review 22, 1: 4–22.
Henry, J. S. 2010. The Price of Offshore Revisited. London: Tax Justice Network.
IDC (International Development Committee). 2012. Tax in Developing Countries: Increasing Resources for Development. Volume 1. London: House of Commons, Westminster.
Jütting, J. and J. R. De Laiglesia. 2009. Is Informal Normal? Towards more and better Jobs in Developing Countries. Paris: OECD Development Centre.
Kaldor, N. 1980. Reports on Taxation. Volumes 1 and 2. London: Duckworth.
OECD, AfDB. 2010. African Economic Outlook: Public Resource Mobilisation and Aid. Special theme edition. Paris: OECD.
Shaxson, N. 2011. Treasure Islands: Tax Havens and the Men Who Stole the World. London: Bodley Head.
Sheppard, Lee A. 2012. "Is Transfer Pricing Worth Salvaging?" Tax Notes International 65: 467-476.
Tax Justice Network Africa and Action Aid International. 2012. Tax Competition in East Africa: A race to the bottom? Nairobi: Tax Justice Network Africa.
Valadão, M. A. P. 2012. "Transfer Pricing: The Brazilian Case." Presentation made at a transfer pricing expert seminar in Helsinki, Finland, June 2012. Available at: http://www.taxjustice.net/cms/upload/pdf/Marcus_Valadao_1206_Helsinki_ppt.pdf.
Zhang, Y. 2012. "China's Transfer Pricing System." Presentation made at a transfer pricing expert seminar in Helsinki, Finland, June. Available at: http://www.taxjustice.net/cms/upload/pdf/Zhang_Ying_1206_Helsinki_ppt.pdf.
- http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano_eng/Content?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/elcano/elcano_in/zonas_in/sub-saharan+africa/dt1-2009. [Back to Text ↩]
- http://www.actionaid.org/sites/files/actionaid/eac_report.pdf [Back to Text ↩]
- http://www.taxjustice.net/cms/upload/pdf/Gerdi_van_der_Westhuysen_1206_Helsinki_ppt.pdf [Back to Text ↩]
- http://www.taxjustice.net/cms/upload/pdf/AIE_100926_TJN-Briefing-2.pdf [Back to Text ↩]


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Jan 18, 2013 - StaffLewis "Bud" Selley died Saturday, Jan. 11, 2013, at Help for Health Hospice in Riverton. He was 86 years old.
A get together will be 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. Sunday, Jan. 20, in the Wind River Room of the Inn at Lander.
Lewis Selley was born Jan. 5, 1927, in Benkleman, Neb.
He attended school in Page City, Kan., and joined the Navy in 1944, serving as a machinist. He married Wanita Lewallen in 1945.
He was a farmer in Kansas and a builder in Colorado and Wyoming. He was the resident artist in his woodworking shop and became a legend in his own time for his culinary talents, most notably for the peanut brittle he delighted in sharing with family and friends.
He is survived by his sons, Bill and Dennis and his wife Molly; grandchildren Sarah and Josh and his wife Anedra; great-grandchildren Bailey, Ethan and Sierra all of Lander; sisters Wilma Gray and Ramona Weinland both of Kansas; brother Bill Selley of Kansas; and sister-in-law Judy Souther of Newcastle, Wash.
In lieu of flowers, donations can be made to Help for Health Hospice.
Get your copy of The Ranger online, every day! If you are a current print subscriber and want to also access dailyranger.com online (there is nothing more to purchase) including being able to download The Mining and Energy Edition, click here. Looking to start a new online subscription to dailyranger.com (even if it is for just one day)? Access our secure SSL encrypted server and start your subscription now by clicking here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Results 1 to 1 of 1
Acitve Autowerke Gen II E50 M5 S85 V10 Exhaust Preview Vids
This exhaust has just been released. There are many more details to come including gains and price vs. the Gen I, but here is what we know so far:
"A lot of people see the "Gen II" and ask. . .what is different about this versus the Gen I unit? A couple noticeable differences include fitment, adjustability, and muffler size. The Gen I piece took some real patience to get to fit correctly, and was a lot more difficult to make it look 100% perfect from the rear of the car. The reason being, it did not have any adjustability in the hangers, which this new piece HAS! That totally changes everything and now this exhaust system can easily be made to fit perfect. Also, the cans are a lot less bulky from Gen I, so it's a sleeker design in my opinion. "
I think the Gen II is mostly going to provide slightly different sound and better fitment. The Gen I provided gains of 12-15 hp for $3,800.
Vids of the Gen II:


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Lora Colon
Loneliness - Poem by Lora Colon
I can't get away from the loneliness,
It hangs over me like a cloud,
It follows me like a stray, hungry dog,
It waits for me in the crowd.
It used to pant and claw at my door,
I resisted, but I knew it would win,
It found the key hidden under the mat
And now it just lets itself in.
The loneliness latched onto me
A long, long time ago,
I never could hide it - it's so obvious
Like a blackbird in the snow.
I've lived with loneliness so long
It's become part of my physique,
I watched as we grew old together,
My loneliness and me.
But, I'm already resigned to this fate,
Looking over my life, I recall
If it hadn't been for the loneliness
I'd have no companion at all.
Comments about Loneliness by Lora Colon
Bri Edwards (8/14/2016 8:23:00 PM)
I've lived with loneliness so long
It's become part of my physique,
I watched as we grew old together,
My loneliness and me.
gee, lora, i'm surprised at you! don't you know that and me does NOT rhyme with physique! ? ?
or have i been pronouncing the word physique incorrectly all these years?
bri :) (Report) Reply
Khairul Ahsan (2/18/2014 10:34:00 AM)
@Brian Johnston,
'But love begins and ends with a choice.' - Loved this beautiful line. The poem is nice. (Report) Reply
Brian Johnston (12/30/2013 9:35:00 AM)
The Choice
Why does loneliness seem so attractive?
(Accepting her love as your fate)
Is there really much warmth in her arms?
Now just maybe I'm being proactive,
And come to the party too late,
Still I'm dazzled, I swear, by your charms.
Safety's not the path you think it to be,
Danger not just man's companion,
Or simplicity always God's voice.
The real world you see is never risk free,
Love's path not just a dark canyon,
But love begins and ends with a choice. (Report) Reply
Khairul Ahsan (12/8/2013 7:18:00 AM)
I am really amazed to see how beautifully you have depicted loneliness in your poem. By saying:
'It waits for me in the crowd.' you have said what I have always felt-being lonely even in a crowd.
'But, I'm already resigned to this fate,
Looking over my life, I recall
If it hadn't been for the loneliness
I'd have no companion at all.'
These lines are so pathetic! Speaks for many. (Report) Reply
A Waltz For Zizi (5/8/2013 9:18:00 AM)
Hmm. There must be many Lonelinesses because she is my friend too. (Report) Reply
Read this poem in other languages
This poem has not been translated into any other language yet.
I would like to translate this poem »
Lora Colon's Other Poems
Famous Poems
Phenomenal Woman
Maya Angelou
Still I Rise
Maya Angelou
The Road Not Taken
Robert Frost
If You Forget Me
Pablo Neruda
Langston Hughes
Annabel Lee
Edgar Allan Poe
Caged Bird
Maya Angelou
Rudyard Kipling
Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening
Robert Frost
A Dream Within A Dream
Edgar Allan Poe


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Friday Eye Candy: A Photo Critique of Asia's Megacities
Describing Michael Wolf's photos as "both a fascinating glimpse of how humanity lives now as well as a sort of eternal ode to innovation," Julian Morgans interviews Wolf about the process and politics of his photos of megacities in Asia.
Wolf has produced images that capture the intimidating and frightening nature of megacities, as well as their almost shocking beauty. Among his projects are a photo series called The Architecture of Density, which creates a tapestry out of the overwhelming symmetry and repetition of Hong Kong residential high rises. Another project, 100x100, photographed 100 soon-to-be-demolished apartments in Hong Kong—each measuring ten feet by ten feet.
When asked whether he believes 25 million people should be living together in such tight urban quarters, Wolf replies: "if you talk to people superficially, they always say their apartment complexes are so convenient. You take the elevator and you have a shopping mall, a subway station, and a school. But if you get to know them and dig deeper, every single person would like to live on a smaller scale. Maybe in a smaller house in the countryside."


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|Contact | A-Z Health Index | Events & Meetings
For Release: June 6, 2013 - Pamela Williams, Office of Communications - 405/271-5601
It's Tick Time! Prevent Tickborne Diseases
A warm spring and the onset of summer means Oklahomans are enjoying outdoor activities. But a bite from a tick could quickly put a damper on the fun. Ticks can carry significant diseases. The Oklahoma State Department of Health's (OSDH) Acute Disease Service (ADS) reports that each year, Oklahoma ranks among those states with the highest number of cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever as well as other tickborne illnesses such as ehrlichiosis and tularemia.
In 2012, there were 572 cases of these tickborne diseases reported among Oklahoma residents. Of these cases, 64 (11 percent) required hospitalization and one person died. Thus far in 2013, 25 cases of tickborne illness have been reported to the ADS, with five cases hospitalized.
The symptoms of a tickborne illness may include fever, headache, muscle aches, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Other symptoms may include a skin rash or painful swelling of lymph nodes near the tick bite. Tickborne diseases can be treated successfully with early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotics, so it is important to quickly seek medical attention if a fever and other signs of illness are noticed within 14 days of a tick bite or being in an area where ticks are lurking.
The OSDH advises persons who participate in hiking, camping, bicycle trail riding, yard work, gardening, and other outdoor activities to prevent tick bites by following the tips below.
For more information, visit http://ads.health.ok.gov and click on "Disease Information" then "Tickborne and Mosquitoborne Diseases."
Stay Connected to OSDH!
Copyright © State of Oklahoma


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- Dolby 7.1 Surround Sound
- 3 Position EQ Switch
- 2.4 GHZ Wireless Headset
- 40 mm drivers
Some manufacturers place restrictions on how details of their products may be communicated.
Nice but my mic broke with hardly any use 06/22/2014
This review is from: SKULLCANDY PLYR 1 Headset - White
Sound good, nice looking, crystal clear, long range.
Ear cup design is too small. The microphone would be SO much better if it was like the SLYR's. ITs flimsy and spins around. Mine broke out of the blue.
Other Thoughts:
I went back to my G35's because of the broken mic. Its a bad design period.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes / No Thanks for the valuable feedback you provided!


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I'm currently pregnant, and at my 35 week appt today I am 2cm dilated and 70% effaced.
So doctor said anyday now!
Ok, this will be TMI - we aren't "trying", but I am not on the pill, because the type they gave me this time was causing bleeding problems for me. We are using the "be careful" method (condoms), only this month there was one time when we were less than careful... Anyway, I wasn't too worried, because of the number of days into the cycle when it happened. I got my period yesterday, and Jeff was disappointed. He was talking about wanting another baby and concerns with the kids being too far apart to be peers, and now I don't know what we are doing... We may start trying soon. It is sort of stressing me out, because I have never TRIED before! I have two actual BC babies! Lol! I have some serious baby fever though, from watching all of you have your beautiful babies!! I have to make sure that I am careful about when the due date would be, as an accountant, the whole March due date with Genna really did NOT work out very well!! I have to try to make sure that no part of my maternity leave would be during Jan - end of March, and I REALLY want to take longer this time, maybe 12 weeks?? I don't know, I am rambling as I am thinking, but I am just sort of freaking out!! :) Very excited - we shall see!! :)
we'll be trying for #2 at some point in the future, although not for the next 9 months at least cos i have a wedding dress to fit into in September (i found the one i love (dress and man!), i've ordered it (dress not man!) and i definitely won't fit into it with a baby bump!)!
Thanks that would be the best present EVER! How are things going for you? Maybe we'll both have a really awesome Christmas!
I am still waiting on my period to come back. Once it comes back, we are good to go to ttc. I am crossing my fingers
Oh my, I TOTALLY missed this!!
CONGRATS!!! YAY!!!! Are you find out what you are having? Well I guess it would be Did you find out at this point. CONGRATS again!!!!


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At Mario Batali's new pizzeria and enoteca, one spoonful of the creamy gelato will bring you back to Italy (if you've ever been), where the only stress of the day is deciding between lemon, hazelnut stracciatella or simple chocolate…"
– Time Out New York
Designed to look like an Italian train station, OTTO (which means "eight" in Italian) is located on the corner of 8th Street and Fifth Avenue just steps from Washington Square Park.
One of New York's most celebrated pizzerias, OTTO combines the elegance of a Bolognese enoteca with the fun bustle of an Italian train station. Open daily from 11AM to midnight, OTTO is perfect for a quick snack, a lingering meal, a family night out, or a large social gathering.
The first restaurant in New York City to have a Cured Meats HACCP plan approved by the New York City Health Department, OTTO is renowned for its extensive selection of house-cured meats. The antipasti strike "the winning simplicity that defines Italian food at its best," says William Grimes in his New York Times review. But what sets OTTO apart from its peers are its dolci, namely Pastry Chef Meredith Kurtzman's widely sought after gelato. Like the savory menu, gelato flavors include the traditional– dark chocolate, olive oil– as well as the seasonal.
OTTO offers two distinct dining experiences: the Enoteca and the main dining room. The enoteca serves wine, cheese and house-cured salumi at marble-topped standing tables for meeting new people or grabbing drinks and antipasti with a group of friends. The classic main dining room seats over 150 and the lively music and cool vibe bring everyone a smile from their first bite of salumi or griddle-cooked pizzas to their last spoonful of creamy, homemade gelato.
Opened by Mario Batali and Joe Bastianich in 2003, OTTO quickly became a buzzing neighborhood hotspot for Greenwich Village locals, NYU students, and families alike. OTTO has carried on the One Fifth Avenue tradition of excellence and swank. It's the most fun on lower Fifth Avenue since the days when John Belushi hung from the rafters.


text:
"To Sail Beyond the Stars" Review
by Mike Helba
"To Sail Beyond the Stars" is a fairly solid character-building episode that still allows the arc to advance a bit.
Jeremiah has a romantic encounter with Claire, a woman who is surprisingly independent in this violent post-apocalyptic world. Jeremiah is intrigued by her strength and her desire to sail across the sea. Just as with those who oppose space exploration today, it is easy to come up with reasons why Claire shouldn't undertake her mission. However, those reasons always come up short when confronted with human nature. That's what humans do. We look beyond the horizon to see what's there. We always have, and we always will.
Meanwhile, Kurdy's adventure is less romantic as he finds himself serving as a midwife. This gives both the audience and Kurdy the opportunity to learn more about him.
As for their mission, Jeremiah and Kurdy encounter Eddie, an entertaining character who runs a pool hall with the walls papered in worthless hundred dollar bills. Eddie's main business is a low-tech communication service. People pay him to keep track of where they live, and he holds messages that they leave for their friends and relatives.
Jeremiah and Kurdy want to learn about the Burners from Eddie, but they soon learn about them first-hand. The Burners are a group of organized men wearing modern protective gear and carrying flame throwers. Jeremiah fears that they are burning possible new outbreaks of the virus. Claire kills a burner, and Jeremiah discovers a strange insignia on his protective suit: a biohazard warning symbol. Could the Burners come from Valhalla Sector?


text:
Your donations keep RPGWatch running!
Arkane Studios Austin Q&A @ FiringSquad
by Garrett, 2006-07-10 20:58:00The FiringSquad has a short Q&A with Arkane's Mastermind Raphael Colantonio about the recent opening of their US office:
FiringSquad: What can you tell us about the Austin studio's first game projects and will they be similar to the first person action-RPGs that you have developed in the past?
Raphael Colantonio:Both the Austin and Lyon's office will be co-developing on the same games. The idea is to collaborate and get the best expertise of both places. So this won't really affect the Lyon office, but it certainly makes the communication process different.
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text:
Visions and Beliefs in the West of Ireland
Sea Stories
"The Celtic Twilight" was the first book of Mr. Yeats's that I read, and even
before I met him, a little time later, I had begun looking for news of the
invisible world; for his stories were of Sligo and I felt jealous for Galway.
This beginning of know-ledge was a great excitement to me, for though I had
heard all my life some talk of the faeries and the banshee (have indeed reason
to believe in this last), I had never thought of giving heed to what I, in
common with my class, looked on as fancy or superstition. It was certainly
because of this unbelief that I had been told so little about them. Even when I
began to gather these stories, I eared less for the evidence given in them than
for the beautiful rhythmic sentences in which they were told. I had no theories,
no case to prove, I but "held up a clean mirror to tradition."
A Man on the Height near Dun Conor:
It's said there's everything in the sea the same as on the land, and we know
there's horses in it. This boy here saw a horse one time out in the sea, a grey
one, swimming about. And there were three men from the north island caught a
horse in their nets one night when they were fishing for mackerel, but they let
it go; it would have broke the boat to bits if they had brought it in, and
anyhow they thought it was best to leave it. One year at Kinvara, the people
were missing their oats that was eaten in the fields, and they watched one night
and it was five or six of the sea-horses they saw eating the oats, but they
could not take them, they made off to the sea.
A Galway Bay Lobster-Seller:
They are on the sea as well as on the land, and their boats are often to be
seen on the bay sailing boats and others. They look like our own, but when you
come near them they are gone in an instant [1].
John Corley:
There is no luck if you meet a mermaid and you out at sea, but storms will
come, or some ill will happen.
A Man from Roundstone:
One night I was out on the boat with another man, and we saw a big ship near
us with about twenty lights. She was as close to us as that rock (about thirty
yards), but we saw no one on board. And she was like some of the French ships
that sometimes come to Galway. She went on near us for a while, and then she
turned towards the shore and then we knew that she was not a right ship. And she
went straight on to the land, and when she touched it, the lights went out and
we saw her no more.
A Schoolmaster:
A boy told me last night of two men that went with poteen to the Island of Aran. And when they were on the shore they saw a ship coming as if to land, and they said, "We'll have the bottle ready for those that are coming." But when the ship came close to the land, it vanished. And presently they got their boat ready and put to sea. And a sudden blast came and swept one of them off. And the other saw him come up again, and put out the oar across his breast for him to take hold of it. But he would not take it but said, "I'm all right again now," and sank down again and was never seen no more.
John Nagle:
For one there's on the land there's ten on the sea. When I lived at Ardfry
there was never a night but there was a voice heard crying and roaring, by them
that were out in the bay. A baker he was from Loughrea, used to give short
weight and measure, and so he was put there for a punishment.
A Little Girl:
One time a woman followed a boat from Galway twenty miles out, and when they saw that she was some bad thing, wanting some of them, they drowned her.
Mrs. Casey:
I was at home and I got some stories from a man I had suspected of having
newses. And he told me that when he was a youngster he was at a height where
there used to be a great many of them. And all of a sudden he saw them fly out
to where a boat was coming from Duras with seaweed. And they went in two
flights, and so fast that they swept the water away from each side the boat, and
it was left on the sand, and this they did over and over, just to be humbugging
the man in the boat, and he was kept there a long time. When they first rose up,
they were like clouds of dust, but with all sorts of colours, and then he saw
their faces turned, but they kept changing colour every minute [5]. Laughing and
humbugging they seemed to be.
At an evening gathering in Inishmaan, by a Son of the House:
There was a man on this island was down on the beach one evening with his dog, and some black thing came up out of the sea, and the dog made for it and began to fight it. And the man began to run home and he called the dog, and it followed him, but every now and again it would stop and begin to fight again. And when he got to the house he called the dog in and shut the door, and whatever was outside began hitting against the door but it didn't get in. But the dog went in under the bed in the room, and before morning it was dead.
The Man of the House:
A horse I've seen myself on the sea and on the rocks--a brown one, just like another. And I threw a stone at it, and it was gone in a minute. We often heard there was fighting amongst these. And one morning before daybreak I went down to the strand with some others, and the whole of the strand, and it low tide, was covered with blood.
Colman Kane:
I knew a woman on this island and she and her daughter went down to the
strand one morning to pick weed, and a wave came and took the daughter away. And
a week after that, the mother saw her coming to the house, but she didn't speak
to her.
A Fisherman on Kilronan Pier:
I don't give in to these things myself, but they'd make you believe them in
the middle island. Mangan, that I lodged with there, told me of seeing a ship
when he was out with two other men, that followed them and vanished. And he said
one of the men took to his bed from that time and died. And Doran told me about
the horse he saw, that was in every way like a horse you'd see on land. And a
man on the south island told me how he saw a calf one morning on the strand, and
he thought it belonged to a neighbour, and was going to drive it up to his
field, when its mother appeared on the sea, and it went off to her.
Pat O'Hagan:
There was two fine young women--red-haired women--died in my village about
six months ago. And I believe they're living yet. And there are some have seen
them appear. All I ever saw myself was one day I was out fishing with two
others, and we saw a canoe coming near us, and we were afraid it would come near
enough to take away our fish. And as we looked it turned into a three-masted
ship, and people in it. I could see them well, dark-coloured and dressed like
sailors. But it went away and did us no harm.
The Old Man in the Kitchen:
It's in the middle island the most of them are, and I'll tell you a thing
that I know of myself that happened not long ago. There was a young girl, and
one evening she was missing, and they made search for her everywhere and they
thought that she was drowned or that she had gone away with some man. And in the
evening of the next day there was a boy out in a curragh, and as he passed by a
rock that is out in the sea there was the girl on it, and he brought her off.
And surely she could not go there by herself. I suppose she wasn't able to give
much account of it, and now she's after going to America [6].
A Man near Loughmore:
I know a woman was washed and laid out, and it went so far that two
half-penny candles were burned over her. And then she sat up, came back again,
and spoke to her husband, and told him how to divide his property, and to manage
the children well. And her step-son began to question her, and he might have got
a lot out of her but her own son stopped him and said to let her alone. And then
she turned over on her side and died. She was not to say an old woman. It's not
often the old are taken. What use would there be for them? But a woman to be
taken young, you know there's demand for her. It's the people in the middle
island know about these things. There were three boys from there lost in a
curragh at the point near the lighthouse, and for long after their friends were
tormented when they came there fishing, and they would see ships there when the
people of this island that were out at the same time couldn't see them. There
were three or four out in a curragh near the lighthouse, and a conger-eel came
and upset it, and they were all saved but one, but he was brought down and for
the whole day they could hear him crying and screeching under the sea. And they
were not the only ones, but a fisherman that was there from Galway had to go
away and leave it, because of the screeching.
A Man Watching the Weed-gatherers:
There's no doubt at all about the sea-horses. There was a man out at the other side of the island, and he saw one standing on the rocks and he threw a stone at it and it went off in the sea. He said it was grand to see it swimming, and the mane and the tail floating on the top of the water.
A Woman from the Connemara Side:
I was told there was a mare that had a foal, and it had never had a horse.
And one day the mare and foal were down by the sea, and a horse put up its head
and neighed, and away went the foal to it and came back no more.
Mrs O'Dea and Mrs. Daly:
There was a cow seen come up out of the sea one day and it walked across the
strand, and its udder like as if it had been lately milked. And Tommy Donohue
was running up to tell his father to come down and see it, and when he looked
back it was gone out to sea again.
Mrs. Casey:
I got a story from an old man down by the sea at Tyrone. He says there was a man went down one night to move his boat from the shore where it was to the pier. And when he had put out, he found it was going out to sea, instead of to touch the pier, and he felt it very heavy in the water, and he looked behind him and there on the back of the boat were six men in shiny black clothes like sailors, and there was one like a harvest-man dressed in white flannel with a belt round his waist. And he asked what they were doing, and the man in white said he had brought the others out to make away with them there, and he took and cut their bodies in two and threw them one by one over the boat, and then he threw himself after them into the sea. And the boat went under water too, and the poor man himself lost his wits, but it came up again and he said he had never seen as many people as he did in that minute under the water. And then he got home and left the boat, and in the morning he came down to it, and there was blood in it; and first he washed it and then he painted it, but for all he could do, he couldn't get rid of the blood.
Peter Donohue:
There was a woman, a friend of this man's, living out in the middle island,
and one day she came down to where a man of this island was putting out his
curragh to come back, and she said, "I just saw a great crowd of them--that's
the Sheogue--going over to your island like a cloud." And when he got home he
went up to a house there beyond, where the old woman used to be selling poteen
on the sly. And while he was there her little boy came running in and cried,
"Hide away the poteen, for the police are on the island! Such a man called to me
from his curragh to give warning, for he saw the road full of them with the
crowd of them and they with their guns and cutlasses and all the rest." But the
man was in the house first knew well what it was, after what he heard from the
woman on the other island, and that they were no right police, and sure enough
no other one ever saw them. And that same day, my mother had put out wool to dry
in front of where that house is with the three chimneys, near the Chapel. And I
was there talking to some man, one on each side of the yard, and the wall
between us. And the day was as fine as this day is and finer, and not a breath
of air stirring. And a woman that lived near by had her wool out drying too. And
the wool that was in my mother's yard began to rise up, as if something was
under it, and I called to the other man to help me to hold it down, but for all
we could do it went up in the air, a hundred feet and more, till we could see it
no more. And after a couple of hours it began to drop again) like snow, some on
the thatch and some on the rocks and some in the gardens. And I think it was a
fortnight before my mother had done gathering it. And one day she was spinning
it, I don't know what put it in my mind, but I asked her did she lose much of
that wool. And what she said was, "If I didn't get more than my own, I didn't
get less." That's true and no lie, for I never told a lie in my life-I think.
But the wool belonging to the neighbouring woman was never stirred at all.
Peter Dolan:
There was a man that died in the middle island, that had two wives. And one day he was out in the curragh he saw the first wife appear. And after that one time the son of the second wife was sick, and the little girl, the first wife's daughter, was out tending cattle, and a can of water with her and she had a waistcoat of her father's put about her body, where it was cold. And her mother appeared to her in the form of a sheep, and spoke to her, and told her what herbs to find, to cure the step-brother, and sure enough they cured him. And she bid her leave the waistcoat there and the can, and she did. And in the morning the waistcoat was folded there, and the can standing on it. And she appeared to her in her own shape another time, after that. Why she came like a sheep the first time was that she wouldn't be frightened. The girl is in America now, and so is the stepbrother got well [10].
A Galway Woman:
One time myself, I was up at the well beyond, and looking into it, a very fine day, and no breath of air stirring, and the stooks were ripe standing about me. And all in a minute a noise began in them, and they were like as if knocking at each other and fighting like soldiers all about me.
Mary Moran:
There was a girl here that had been to America and came back, and one day she
was coming over from Liscannor in a curragh, and she looked back and there
behind the curragh was the "Gan ceann" the headless one. And he followed the
boat a great way, but she said nothing. But a gold pin that was in her hair fell
out, and into the sea, that she had brought from America, and then it
disappeared. And her sister was always asking her where was the pin she brought
from America, and she was afraid to say. But at last she told her, and the
sister said, "It's well for you it fell out, for what was following you would
never have left you, till you threw it a ring or something made of gold." It was
the sister herself that told me this.


text:
Car Care & Detailing
Get detailing answers and tips here
|Thread Tools
|Search this Thread
Join Date: Jan 2003
Location: NOVA
Posts: 2,371
My Ride: Alpine White ///M
Just one caveat about using a topper such as carnauba, you can't add another layer of klasse or synthetic type sealant on top of it.
Clean Shine Protect Expert
Soft tops can be a little harder to maintain but it looks like your already taking some steps to keep it in good condition. Couple different ways you can remove it. You can go to home depot or a hardware store and get some painters tape and cut off a piece longer than the width of your convertible top. Doing this next part is much easier if you have someone to do this with you. Working front to back or back to front take the tape and put it on your convertible top. Lift it up and it should help pull out the lint. Make sure you don't press the tape down too hard, you don't want to pull the fibers out. Assuming its doing a good job lift it up and move it back about three inches or whatever the width is of the tape until you have done the entire car. If that doesn't work you can take a clean brush (highly recommend getting a new one) and gently brushing from the middle of the top towards the outside. The reason I recommend a new brush is because you don't want an old brush with split ends pulling at the convertible top fibers. If for some reason both of these steps don't work let me know and I'll look into this some more.
I also don't recommend using a terry cloth on the tops. Use microfiber if possible. I also recommend blot drying instead of wiping to help prevent pulling of the fibers or leaving lint behind. Hope this all helped, let us know how you make out.
Greg @ Detailed Image
Registered User
Join Date: Nov 2005
Location: l.a.
Posts: 7
My Ride: 330 ci
Thank You
Great advice, thanks. I just left a vm at your work number as I would like to discuss my order for \microfiber towels, a clay and high-end all-in one to remove minor scratches, polish, carnauba and sealant.
Join Date: Jul 2005
Location: Albany, NY
Posts: 688
My Ride: Audi S4
Thanks for the phone call, it was nice talking with you and getting the right package together for you. Let me know if you need anything else.
Greg @ Detailed Image
Wash & Dry Products, Clay Bars, Polishes, Sealants, and Waxes
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Detail University - Detailing Enthusiast Discussion Forum
Registered User
Join Date: Sep 2005
Location: Bay Area, CA
Posts: 106
My Ride: intergalatic ship
Great thread!! The most useful thread I've found in just about any forum, much thanks to Detailed Image!
I took the time and read through all 18 pages, but quite frankly it's still pretty confusing as to which ones I need, so I figured it'd be best to explain my situation:
It's been a little more than 2 months since I took delivery of my car and I've washed every 1.5 to 2 weeks with 2 seperate buckets, microfiber wash mitts and microfiber towels. Haven't done any polish/wax yet because I was a bit busy but now I'm in desperate need of one.
For the last 2-3 washes I've noticed spots on my hood, trunk and roof that I just can't seem to get rid of with Meguiars Gold Class Carwash soup, so I was a bit annoyed today and decided to use a bit more pressure when washing the car - big mistake, I ended up with some swirls on the hood and trunk but A LOT of swirls on the doors and I'm guessing that's not probably not all the swirls I have. The swirls are very thin, just about the thinnest swirls I've seen on any car, but there are a lot of them across the doors to the fender areas, they can only been seen in direct sunlight therefore I wasn't able to take pics of them, the swirls are faint but noticeable. I tried to get them out by using the flash on the camera but couldn't, for that reason I think they are not very deep scratches.
I'll be doing the detailing by hand because living at an apartment eliminated any chance for me to access a power outlet for a buffer. I'm thankful enough that I have a shaded area with water source for carwashes and my car is garaged.
I'm not sure which products I will need, I was thinking Klasse AIO but you said it won't be good enough for cars with swirls, can you please modify my list and give me what I need?
I was thinking:
Poorboy SSR 2.5 + SSR 1?
Menzerna Finishing Touch Glaze?
Menzerna Full Molecular Jacket?
Carnauba Wax?
Some microfiber application pads.
I really really hope that I won't have to claybar my car because I'm simply scared of messing up, I've included some photos of the dirty spots that I can't get rid of and the car after its wash today.
The dirty spots and thoughts of my brand new car having so many swirls has been driving me mad, please help!
Registered User
Join Date: Nov 2005
Location: Bellevue
Posts: 224
My Ride: 02 330I
Color sanding
I needed to touch up some area with touch up paint. I built up the layers and put some clear over it. I used some 1500sand paper on flat block to sand it to the original level. Came out quite well. i use a rotary buffer with foam pad to polish out the sanding marks. Can't quite get them all out. using 3M rubbing compound #05973 and a white foam pad. What am I doing wrong? Sand with 2000 and retry? Coarser compound?
Registered User
Join Date: Jun 2003
Location: Bay area, Ca
Posts: 600
My Ride: '10 BMW X5 4.8
Great thread! I just bought a bunch of stuff from Detailed Image including the PC 7424. I'm switching over from Zaino to Menzerna. A question to Greg, I just purchased a used set of HRE 840r's. The previous owner said the lips were polished, when I got the wheels, the lips were very hazy in appearance, almost opaque. I washed and waxed them but can't seem to get that nice polished finish. I need to clean thru teh layers and layers of grime to reveal teh shine underneath. What's the best way to achieve that? Thanks Greg!
Clean Shine Protect Expert
Xens - Glad to hear you enjoyed reading the 18 pages, that took some dedication. To remove your swirls and get optimal shine you selected the right products. I would get atleast four applicator pads (P21S Carnauba Wax comes with one), we sell five for $9.95. You also should take advantage of our microfiber deal 10X for $21.99(see link in bottom of signature). This will allow you to remove the excess productsafely without creating more swirls. Keep these towels as prestine as possible. You can wash the applicator pads and towels in your regular washer just don't use fabric softner. Let me know if you have any questions.
seattle - Hard to say without seeing it. I know that good paint work usually takes multiple coats of wet sanding and a gradual progression through different grits. If its still rough or not at optimal height its highly unlikely that a compound or polish will fix the problem. The compound or polish will only remove minor imperfections. Here is a post from this section that deals with proper touch up procedures http://forum.e46fanatics.com/showthr...=274836&page=3. Hope that helps
ZQQM3R - Thanks for your support of Detailed Image! A metal polish like the P21S Finish Restorer will brighten the surface and clean it extremely well. However this doesn't gurantee it will remove the haze. often times the haze is a chemical reaction to improper cleaning materials.
Greg @ Detailed Image
Registered User
Join Date: Sep 2005
Location: Bay Area, CA
Posts: 106
My Ride: intergalatic ship
Gotta leave for work, thanks again Greg!
Clean Shine Protect Expert
Thanks for the order I saw it and processed and shipped it today. The 2.0 should be more than enough for a new car. You can try the SSR 1.0 first and if you need more than use the 2.0 followed up by the 1.0. Good luck with the products and let us know how it turns out.
Greg @ Detailed Image
Registered User
Join Date: Jun 2003
Location: Bay area, Ca
Posts: 600
My Ride: '10 BMW X5 4.8
Thanks Greg, I went to my local Kragen and got a similar Mother's mag and aluminum cleaner. Guess what? My lips are now shiny and polished. Took me 4 hours to clean all 4 but well worth it. Thanks!
Registered User
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: California
Posts: 28
My Ride: 2006 X5 2004 M3
George or Greg,
What is the best way to clean filthy carpet. The carpet in my wife's X5 has been attacked by our two boys with punch, cke, McDonalds, you name it. What shampoo, brushes, methods, wet vac, do you use. I know, I know....no food in the car. My wife's takes a beating so my M stays clean I guess
Join Date: Jul 2005
Location: Albany, NY
Posts: 688
My Ride: Audi S4
Interior cleaning for car's like this is always fun. If you have an extractor or access to one that would be your best bet but since most people don't have that option I'll give you the next best process. First vaccum the worst areas up, don't get fussy with it. Then spray the 303 Cleaner and Spot Remover on the heavily soiled areas. Using a nice clean brush srcub the carpets in different directions. Respray the area if need be and scrub again if needed. After you have spot treated the worst areas use the brush and work to loosen debris on the entire carpet. Work the debris towards one central area so it can be easily vaccumed later. The brush will help stir up far more soil and contaminates to be removed then just vaccuming alone. You can use the same 303 Cleaner and Spot Remover and a microfiber towel to do all your vinyl and dash. For leather I highly recommend the Leatherique Prestine Clean, which is the premier leather cleaner on the market. Works deep in to the pores to release contaminates and conditions the leather. There is an e46 special on this product: Regularly 17.99 sale price of 16.99 w/microfiber towel and terry cloth applicator pad. Click on the link in the bottom of my signature to see this and other specials for e46 members.
The next step you want to take after you taken all that time and cleaned your carpets is to Fabric Guard them with the 303 Farbric Guard. Most people don't invest in this simple product which is nothing short of amazing. Most people assume I clean my carpets like every couple of days when really I do it about every three months or so. Everytime I clean them I Fabric Guard them. Then about once every 1 - 2 weeks I take them out and just hit them once or twice and almost all the debris falls off. They look great year round with this simple step. The fabric guard prevents contaminates from building up and lodging themself in the carpet. Its also saved me from two soda spills myself. I travel a good amount so I have food in the car all the time, but you can do it when your careful and you have a back up plan. After hitting a nasty pothole the root beer went all over. It beaded right up on the carpets and I was able to wipe it up no problem with a napkin after I pulled over.
Hope this information helped, let me know if you need other tips or recommendations.
Greg @ Detailed Image
Wash & Dry Products, Clay Bars, Polishes, Sealants, and Waxes
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Detail University - Detailing Enthusiast Discussion Forum
Registered User
Join Date: Nov 2005
Location: Lancaster, PA
Posts: 6
My Ride: 2001 330Ci
Detailed Image guys,
First, thanks for all of the detailed explanations and answers! Awesome thread.
Several times in this thread you have mentioned that using the right pad is just as important as using the right product. I understand what PC pads need to be used; however, I do not have a PC and am planning on detailing by hand. (Eventually I'll get a PC just not at this moment) What applicator pads should I be using to apply the following by hand:
Menzerna Final Polish
Menzerna FMJ
Menzerna FTG
Best regards,
PS. I placed a small order last night; however, never received an email receipt. Can you please confirm that the order was received. Thanks.
Clean Shine Protect Expert
Glad to hear you've enjoyed the posts on here. We received your order and it was sent to FedEx at about 10am this morning. Confirmation e-mails are a little slow to send out sometimes but you should have gotten one by this morning.
There are some different applicators that you can get by hand. However since your hand will generate far less heat and overall pressure than a buffer it probably won't have a significant impact. I would recommend you apply it with a microfiber applicator pad and make sure you have a different pad for each product. We sell 5 applicators for 9.99.
FYI - If your applying the SSR 1 you don't have to apply the Final Polish II although it will help. Also just wanted to make sure apply the FTG after the SSRs and Final Polish II and before the FMJ.
Please let me know if you have any questions or if you need any other information with your detail.
Greg @ Detailed Image
Clean Shine Protect Expert
Just wanted to let everyone on the site know we added some new Holiday Specials to our site (www.detailedimage.com) that should save you some money as well as get you some more of the top quality detailing products. These products make great gifts for yourself or anyone who enjoys their vehicles.
Happy Holidays!
Greg and George @ Detailed Image
Registered User
Join Date: Dec 2003
Location: PHX
Posts: 15
My Ride: 330i
Greg and George,
How long does it take you guys to clay a car? I'm looking for some tricks to do this a little faster. It took me about 8 hours to wash, dry, clay and hand wax last night. Wash and dry (including wheels) ~1.5 hour, clay ~2.5 hours, wax ~4 hours. I did it all by hand since I'm a little nervous about putting major swirls in my paint with a power buffer.
BTW, great thread, thanks for sharing your experience with us...
Clean Shine Protect Expert
I'm happy you like the posts, we put a lot of time and effort in delivering quality responses to our supports here on e46. Now down to business, reducing time is always one of our goals but never at the cost of quality. Usually the more time you spend the higher quality the detail so I'll give you some suggestions that will hopefully save you some time but not sacrifice any quality.
Obviously getting someone to help you is a great benefit, even if you do both of your cars.
When washing I usually do the wheels first, then wash from the top down and always work in some sort of pattern. When rinsing I remove the spray nozzle and let the water flow to flood the contaminates from the surface from the top down. Due to the fact that like particles cling together the water runs off the car better than just spraying it with the hose. I dry with suiper absorbent microfiber waffle weave towels to save lots of time. Two towels is usually more than enough to get a car thoroughly dry.
When claying it takes me about two hours depending on the condition of the paint. It depends on how particular you are with your detail. Its hard to speed up this step without sacrificing quality. However after you have done a good job claying the car it shouldn't be nearly as bad the next time you do it if you keep up with it on some regular basis (atleast twice a year).
For waxing I have no idea how it could take you four hours, that seems way too long. When using a sealant by hand I can do a thorough job applying and removing in usually well under an hour. What kind of wax are you using? A good sealnt like the Menzerna FMJ or Klasse AIO should apply and remove with little trouble. The sealants are more durable and usually give a better shine so I highly recommend you try one if you haven't already. Again work in a pattern when applying and remove with some high quality microfiber towels and it should come off no problem. I usually apply a sealant to 1 -2 panels and then remove it right away. The only product I sell that requires time to cure is the Klasse HGSG, all the rest can be removed right away. Generally its the heat and pressure you apply that allows the product to bond to your clear coat. If you let some products sit on the clear coat too long they can become drastically more difficult to remove. If your having trouble being careful around trim pieces and other areas try putting painter's tape around them so you can move through those areas easier.
You don't have to worry about adding swirls with a power buffer as long as you don't use a rotary buffer. Orbital buffers like the Porter Cable 7424 generate far less heat than a rotary so there is virtually no risk of harming the paint. The Porter Cable 7424 makes detailing go much faster and improves results in my opinion. If you would like help learning how to use one with the proper technique I would be more than happy to help you or anyone else learn to use on the proper way. Several people on this site have used one with little or no detailing experience and had outstanding results.
These were all the tips I could think of off the top of my head I'm sure there is plenty more out there on my site and from other members of the site. Let me know what you thought of the comments and if you have any questions.
Greg @ Detailed Image
Registered User
Join Date: Sep 2004
Location: Fort Worth
Posts: 4
My Ride: 04 330i performance
how long on each section?
Thanks for the great thread. http://forum.e46fanatics.com/images/.../worshippy.gif
I have a question on using the PC with the Menzerna products (and Klasse AIO).
The recommendations seem to usually be to run the PC until the product is "almost dry". Can someone give me a ballpark time frame for how long that usually is going to take for... say 1/3 of the hood? I am assuming it will vary some with climate, etc., but any feedback will be appreciated.
Also, what do you use to moisten the pad before starting... water, QD, nothing, other?
When I tried a couple of weeks ago, after spreading and buffing the product out to a very thin, even layer with the PC at 4-5, it looked like I was putting a thin layer of wax on. It was thin, clear, and kind of oily looking and it never seemed to dry no matter how long I kept going over it. It would also wipe off fairly easily, with only a few stubborn areas.
Was this because I used a QD product on the pad to moisten it instead of water? ... or maybe I had the pad too moist? (it wasn't very damp to touch, though). http://forum.e46fanatics.com/images/smilies/iono.gif
Even if I left it on and went on to another section it didn't dry or haze over to any appreciable extent.
I am thinking it had to do with the QD on the pad, but I'm not sure. http://forum.e46fanatics.com/images/smilies/iono.gif
What do these products look like when they are "almost dry"? Do they haze at all? Can you smear them with your finger tip?
Thanks, http://forum.e46fanatics.com/images/smilies/thumb.gif
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Join Date: Aug 2005
Location: San Antonio, TX
Posts: 12
My Ride: 2003 Benz C230 Komp
Martin Hernandez
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My family and I are moving to Ft Wayne (not exactly sure where yet) in the next month or two. My husband will be working in Warsaw. Hoping to connect with lots of cool moms asap! I have two daughters, 3 1/2 and 15 months. I have joined the Ft Wayne Holistic living page on FB. Is there is Holistic moms chapter as well? Is it very active?
We currently live in Massachusetts, just south of Boston. I really love it here and really want to set it up so we start making friends and having things to do as soon as possible after we get out. I don't want us to get stuck at home and get in a rut right as winter is about to start. I belong to a local "crunchy moms" group here and that has been fantastic for us. I have met some great friends that way, and so have my girls. I looked on meetup.com but didn't see anything similar for Ft Wayne.
We have visited once and I visited two of the health food stores (fresh market and the three rivers co-op) and I think there is one more health food store maybe? it looks like we will be able to get most things we are used to here. I am interested in finding some local meat that is raised humanly and healthy, are there many choices for that? We passed by the farm that has the farmer's market a few times, that looks good, is that a very active farmer's market?
Does anyone know of a holistic Vet? How about holistic health options for myself and my girls? I know the holistic living page on FB has some info on pediatricians, I will look at that.
we will be joining the YMCA and that looks great, so many classes and all day babysitting for the girls, that will be sweet! I love yoga and cardio kickboxing.
I read that there is a Buddhist Temple in Ft Wayne, has anyone been there?
I think that is it for the questions for now, thanks!!
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|Yao Fei Zhu <walkinair@xxxxxxxxxx>
|Re: kernel BUG in __xfs_get_blocks at fs/xfs/linux-2.6/xfs_aops.c:1293!
|David Chinner <dgc@xxxxxxx>
|Thu, 31 Aug 2006 17:47:42 +1000
|linux-kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, haveblue@xxxxxxxxxx, xfs@xxxxxxxxxxx
On Thu, Aug 31, 2006 at 01:48:55PM +0800, Yao Fei Zhu wrote: > Problem description: > Run fsstress on xfs file system with -n 1000 and -p 1000, after about 3 > hours, > test box will fall into xmon, and get > kernel BUG in __xfs_get_blocks at fs/xfs/linux-2.6/xfs_aops.c:1293! > > Hardware Environment > Machine type (p650, x235, SF2, etc.): B70+ > Cpu type (Power4, Power5, IA-64, etc.): POWER5+ > Software Environmnet > Base OS: SLES10 GM > Kernel: 2.6.18-rc5 > > Additional information: > 3:mon> e > cpu 0x3: Vector: 700 (Program Check) at [c0000001e16632d0] > pc: d0000000006daa88: .__xfs_get_blocks+0x1a0/0x2a0 [xfs] > lr: d0000000006da984: .__xfs_get_blocks+0x9c/0x2a0 [xfs] > sp: c0000001e1663550 > msr: 8000000000029032 > current = 0xc0000001dde71310 > paca = 0xc0000000004c4900 > pid = 9217, comm = fsstress > kernel BUG in __xfs_get_blocks at fs/xfs/linux-2.6/xfs_aops.c:1293! > 3:mon> t > [c0000001e1663640] c000000000108344 .__blockdev_direct_IO+0x560/0xcfc > [c0000001e1663760] d0000000006dc43c .xfs_vm_direct_IO+0xec/0x13c [xfs] > [c0000001e1663860] c0000000000a1474 .generic_file_direct_IO+0xe8/0x15c > [c0000001e1663910] c0000000000a1748 .__generic_file_aio_read+0xf4/0x22c > [c0000001e16639e0] d0000000006e4b94 .xfs_read+0x288/0x368 [xfs] > [c0000001e1663ae0] d0000000006e0750 .xfs_file_aio_read+0x88/0x9c [xfs] > [c0000001e1663b70] c0000000000d4df0 .do_sync_read+0xd4/0x130 > [c0000001e1663cf0] c0000000000d5c44 .vfs_read+0x118/0x200 > [c0000001e1663d90] c0000000000d6128 .sys_read+0x4c/0x8c > [c0000001e1663e30] c00000000000871c syscall_exit+0x0/0x40 Hmmmm. We've mapped a range that has been reserved for a delayed allocate extent during a direct I/O. That should not happen as XFS flushes delalloc extents before executing a direct read and holds the I/O lock which will prevent any new writes from mapping new delalloc extents. Something went astray, though. :( Can you give me some more detail on the machine you're running? e.g. How many CPUs, RAM and what type of disk subsystem you are using? That will make it easier for us to try to reproduce this problem. Cheers, Dave. -- Dave Chinner Principal Engineer SGI Australian Software Group
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Last week we jumped into the conversation about the way Facebook is showing less content from organizations in the newsfeed with two posts: Is Facebook Losing Its Effectiveness for Businesses, Nonprofits & Churches? and Facebook's "Secret Sauce" for Engagement Unveiled.
Ken Manesse shared a couple of other articles this week in the Christian Micro-Entrepreneurs Facebook group which added some additional insight on this important topic.
EdgeRank Research
First, there's Reverse Engineering Facebook EdgeRank – Beyond the Theory, which is a very long, very detailed article about the results of some testing Thomas Baekdal did with Facebook pages to see how various types of content and engagement impact how long and how high on the page Facebook displays them.
Digital Sharecropping
Second, Sonia Simone published a great post on CopyBlogger hitting on 3 important principles to remember when it comes to Facebook:
- Facebook owes you nothing
- Understand why people use the platform
- Facebook is an outpost, not your home base
The bottom line is that a Facebook page amounts to "digital sharecropping," the practice of building your online business on someone else's (virtual) land. Digital sharecropping is very risky because if the landowner (Facebook in this case) decides to alter the landscape, you could suffer significantly. You can read the full post titled Is it Time for Content Marketers to Abandon Facebook?
There's nothing wrong with using Facebook, Google, or any other site, just don't put all your eggs in one basket or let your all chickens roam free on Zuckerburg Farms. Make your website the hub of your communications and leverage other platforms when it makes sense.
Have the changes at Facebook caused you to rethink the role it has in your communications strategy?


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Yun Chung Chang
Chang, 96, is a pioneer in Singapore's maritime sector, having started Pacific International Lines (PIL) with just two vessels in 1967. By taking risks that no one else would — whether it was breaking into the China market or operating in the Middle East during the first Gulf War — he has built a reputation for being able to operate in the most trying of environments. Chang's bravado has helped him develop PIL into the 18th largest container shipping line in the world, with 200 vessels in its fleet.
Company:Pacific International Lines
Net worth:US$2.4 billion


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Posted on November 25, 2011 by: acid stag
We've made it to everyone's favourite number; 69.
We claim no credit for any images, music and/or videos posted on this site unless otherwise noted. All audio and visual content is copyright to its respectful owners. We are also in no way responsible for, or have control of the content of any external web site links. This website was created as a promotional tool. Please support the artists and purchase their work.


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The federal government mistakenly made public a 266-page report, its pages marked "highly confidential," that gives detailed information about hundreds of the nation's civilian nuclear sites and programs, including maps showing the precise locations of stockpiles of fuel for nuclear weapons.
The publication of the document was revealed Monday in an online newsletter devoted to issues of federal secrecy. That set off a debate among nuclear experts about what dangers, if any, the disclosures posed. It also prompted a flurry of investigations in Washington into why the document had been made public.
On Tuesday evening, after inquiries from The New York Times, the document was withdrawn from a Government Printing Office Web site.


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[Israeli soldiers invading home of Hasan Breijiyya: Radio Bethlehem 2000]
By Saed Bannoura
IMEMC & Agencies: Friday at dawn, several Israeli military jeeps invaded the al-Ma'sara village, near Bethlehem, broke into and searched the home of Hasan Breijiyya, coordinator of the Popular Committee against the Wall and Settlements.
The Radio Bethlehem 2000 has reported that the soldiers threatened more escalation and violence against the village and its people unless they stop their popular, nonviolent, resistance activities against the illegitimate Apartheid Wall and settlements.
No arrests were reported during the invasion; the village is subject to frequent military assaults, in addition to assaults carried out by extremist Israeli settlers.
The village lost a lot of its land for the Wall and settlements, and the residents continue to struggle against ongoing, illegitimate, confiscation of their orchards and farmlands.
Soldiers frequently invade the village, and kidnap several Palestinians, including children, in an attempt to stop the ongoing popular resistance against the illegal occupation, Wall and settlements.
Along with various villages in the occupied West Bank, including Bil'in, Ni'lin and Nabi Saleh near the central West Bank city of Ramallah, weekly nonviolent protests are held every Friday by local residents, Israeli and international peace activists, and are met with excessive use of force by the soldiers.


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Streamlight Jr. Luxeon LED Reach with Flex Neck, 2AA, Magnetic Clip - ST71600
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Streamlight warrants its products to be free of defect for a lifetime of use.*
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Streamlight is a "hands-on" company. We learn by doing, so we understand what our customers need because we're out there doing what they do, using the same lighting tools in the same ways. We go through firefighters' training. We take courses in low-light shooting. We're hunters, fishermen, outdoor and sports enthusiasts. Brad Penney, our president, takes his Streamlight flashlight on his many hunting trips. Our sporting goods sales manager is a avid hunter. Many of our law enforcement sales managers are gun collectors, hunters and competitive shooters. We believe it's our hands-on, real-world experience that leads to new ideas and innovations that set Streamlight apart. Who knows what we'll come up with next?
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* See product for specific warranty.
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Dr. Gladstein is the first and only private Veterinarian in NYC to use Class IV K-Laser. K-Laser is a high-power, dual-wavelength therapy laser that can provide remarkable relief from chronic pain. It penetrates to considerable depth and is 16 times more powerful than the Class III B-Laser. This laser has shown excellent results when used on surgical incisions and wounds. The higher power of Class IV therapy lasers delivers a therapeutic dosage of laser energy, thus producing immediate pain relieving results.
See our press release here. For more information on K-Laser click here.
What is laser therapy?
Laser therapy is a pain-free, drug-free, surgery-free treatment that is used to treat a variety of injuries, pain, wounds, fractures, neurological conditions, and dermatological problems in pets. It is extremely safe and effective and has no side effects, and no sedation is necessary.
Laser therapy treatment delivers high spectrum light waves into the body, relieving discomfort and reducing stiffness. Laser therapy can be used for:
Dr. Gladstein often administers laser therapy as an added approach to help cure various ailments. It is particularly useful with geriatric dogs, especially when more invasive methods are not practical.
How does it work?
Laser therapy is a treatment that prompts the body to heal from within. Non-thermal photons of light are administered directly to your pet's body and absorbed by the injured cells. The cells then become activated and reproduce at a higher speed. The laser also boosts circulation in the body and causes a natural anti-inflammatory reaction, which results in immediate pain relief and a dramatic acceleration of the healing process. There is no burning or stinging; your pet will only feel a little warmth on the affected area.
How long does it take?
Laser therapy treatments last up to 50-minutes per session. Most pets undergo between one and six sessions; treatment varies per pet and ailment. Relief is immediate.
How can laser therapy help my pet?
Laser therapy offers a pain-free, drug-free, surgery-free way to alleviate chronic pain. It can provide your dog with much-needed instantaneous relief. It is completely non-invasive and a favorite treatment among pets.
What are some of the ailments that might be treated with laser therapy?
Is it painful? How will my pet react?
Most pets will be very relaxed, as laser therapy does not hurt at all. Some cats may purr. Most dogs tend to fall asleep during their sessions. Your pet will feel instant relief.
Is it safe?
Laser therapy is one of the safest therapies available when practiced by an experienced laser therapist. Side effects are unusual with laser therapy.
Infrared Laser Therapy
Infrared laser therapy is another pain-free, surgery-free, drug-free treatment that is used to treat a variety of injuries, wounds, fractures, neurological conditions, dermatological problems, and pain in pets. Though it addresses many of the same conditions, infrared laser therapy differs from laser therapy in that it utilizes a different light wavelength that penetrates more superficially. The infrared laser is pointed at the affected body area. There is no burning or stinging. Your pet will not feel a thing, only immediate pain relief.


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Aromatherapy Candles vs. Scented Candles
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Meek Mill Enlists A-List Crew for 'I'ma Boss' Remix — Listen
The key to being a good boss is delegating responsibility. On the brand new remix to 'I'ma Boss,' his breakout single, rapper Meek Mill does just that, letting T.I., Swizz Beatz, Rick Ross, Lil Wayne and Birdman do most of the heavy lifting.
That's not to say Mill coasts through the track. The Maybach Music up-and-comer gets in one of the song's best lines, finishing his verse with a rhyme that asserts his wealth and references a legendary NFL quarterback.
"N—-s really be fraud/ I'ma keep it c-note," he raps, "Got jewelers down in Miami/ They throw it like Dan Marino."
Ross starts his verse with the song's most newsworthy lines, commenting on his recent health scares.
"Had a couple seizures/ Call it minor setbacks," he spits, downplaying the illness that has sidelined him for much of the last month. "Everybody praying for me/ I respect that."
Birdman ends with some raps about popping bottles and wearing crowns, but not before Weezy provides a rather vivid metaphor for the success he and his comrades are experiencing.
'The world is an a–hole," he says. "And we the next big s—."
Listen to Meek Mill's 'I'ma Boss' Remix
Watch 'The Future of Hip-Hop'


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(Japanese:Hagure Yuusha no Estetica)
Known as a Rogue Hero in the fantasy world Arezard, Akatsuki decided to take upon the request of the defeated Demon King to take his daughter with him. After bringing her back to the world he came from, Akatsuki brought her to join Babel, an academy-like organization that specializes in training those who came from the other world.
Episode List


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So, my iPhone 4 started to basically show a static screen. I have not a clue why it's doing it. I've tried restoring it (which goes through without error), and the phone is even picked up by iTunes as a fully running device (says it needs a sim to activate), but the phone either A. sits on the Apple logo and does nothing or B. then comes out of the Apple logo, and shows this screen: https://p.twimg.com/An0q0E4CIAADklx.jpg:
The phone was unlocked, not a clue what BB was used though, sorry.
I'm guessing it's not software, due to the fact that it restores over and over, but just won't boot. I don't have warranty left on the phone, neither do I have Apple Care. If it is hardware, what has failed? Cheers.


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Date: Mon, 16 Jul 2012 20:17:51 +0200 From: Nico Golde <oss-security+ml@...lde.de> To: oss-security@...ts.openwall.com Subject: CVE id request: libjs-swfupload Hi, there is an XSS issue in libjs-swfupload. Can we get a CVE id for this? Details: https://nealpoole.com/blog/2012/05/xss-and-csrf-via-swf-applets-swfupload-plupload/ http://code.google.com/p/swfupload/issues/detail?id=376 http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=681323 Cheers Nico -- Nico Golde - http://www.ngolde.de - nion@...ber.ccc.de - GPG: 0xA0A0AAAA For security reasons, all text in this mail is double-rot13 encrypted. [ CONTENT OF TYPE application/pgp-signature SKIPPED ]
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I think it would be interesting to see the modal average for a player's points, rebounds, assists, etc. Modal average is the number most often seen, which means if a player has a modal average then it's the specific number of points, rebounds, or assists, or whatever that he most often produces.
If that didn't make sense, here's a typical example.
Say a player has scored in the last 10 games:
His mean average, which is commonly just referred to as just his average, would be what you get when you add all of those up and divide by those 10 games, and you'd get 16.7 ppg.
Now, the mode or modal average is identifying which number is most common. In this case, that would be 18 because he scored 18 points in four of those ten games (no other number repeated more than once, let alone more than four times), making it the most common amount of points scored. So his mode / modal average for those 10 games is 18 points.
The reason I thought this could be interesting is that especially as you make the sample size bigger, it gives you a sense of what might be the most likely outcome to expect on any given game night because ultimately it's the most common result.
So I was wondering if any NBA stat site kept track of this without making me do the math myself.