text:
Mount Shasta
Mt. Shasta stands as if an island in the sky of northern California. The higher reaches of the mountain are a unique environment. Any such isolated habitat such as the heights of Mt. Shasta holds the promise of containing plants and trees which perhaps have evolved in some way independently of outside influences. From the times of earliest exploration on, botanists have desired to explore Mt. Shasta to see what grows upon its slopes. Comparisons with the flora of other peaks and alpine regions of the West helps give botanists insights into the geographic distribution and evolution of the plant kingdom. The Scottsman William Brackenridge, who discovered the California Pitcher Plant (Darlingtonia californica) near the base of Castle Crags in 1841, was the first botanist to cross over the slopes of Mt. Shasta (see Section 9. Early Exploration: American Government Expeditions, 1841-1860). During the latter half of the 19th Century some of the most famous botanists of the time came to Mt. Shasta. Scottish botanist John Jeffrey discovered the Jeffrey Pine in the Shasta Valley, possibly on northern slope of Mt. Shasta, in 1852. The famed American botanist Asa Gray, and English botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, botanized on Mt. Shasta with John Muir in 1877 (see Section 21. Literature: John Muir). John Gill Lemmon, who climbed to the summit of Shasta in 1879, later scientifically named the specific variety of Red Fir trees he found upon the mountain's slopes as the Shasta Red Fir (see also Section 11. Mountaineering 19th Century). The California Academy of Science's botanist Alice Eastwood climbed and botanized Shasta in 1893. C. Hart Merriam led the 1898 Biological Survey (See Section 31. Science: Zoology) and discovered several new species of plants which were formally described by Edward Lee Greene in 1899. Mt. Shasta offered the 19th Century botanists a chance to achieve some real discoveries.
In the 20th Century more thorough studies of Mt. Shasta's flora were conducted. One of the most complete was Lester J. Matthes's 1942 The Plant Communities of Mount Shasta. At about the same time the eminent Mt. Shasta botanist William Bridge Cooke completed and published the first of his four-part Flora of Mt. Shasta, a work which the late Dr. Cooke had planned to compile as a one volume work. Dr. Cooke wrote often about Mt. Shasta, as will immediately be evident from the number of entries under his name. All in all, however, there are not that many available studies on the flora of Mt. Shasta, a situation in part due to the reality that the mountain does not have as diverse a flora as the early botanists had hoped for. Note that the entries in this section of the bibliography were selected on the basis of their relevance to the flora of Mt. Shasta, but are not entirely limited to scientific subjects. Marquiss Lloyd's 1931 article on the unique properties of the Shasta Red Fir as a violin maker's perfect wood is an example of some of the more popular subjects also covered in this section. Edward Stuhl's exceptional 1981 publication Wildflowers of Mt. Shasta contains many chapters on the botany of Mt. Shasta and includes information about the "Phacelia cookei," a rare plant discovered by W. B. Cooke and only found on Mt. Shasta (see Section 1. Comprehensive Histories of Mt. Shasta).
The [MS number] indicates the Mount Shasta Special Collection accession numbers
used by the College of the Siskiyous Library.
[MS245]. Beardsley, G. F. and Cannon, W. A. Note on the Effects of a Mud Flow at Mount Shasta on the Vegetation. In: Ecology. 1930. Vol. 11. pp. 326-336. Stanford University. Mud flows on the slopes of Mt. Shasta during the years 1924-1926 added considerable depth, up to 17 feet in some places, to the regions inundated by the mud. This article contains an extensive history of the mud flows and their immediate and longer term effects on various types of vegetation. For example, conifers affected by three or more feet of silt usually died quite quickly, in a matter of months, whereas willows would survive for years and then uncharacteristically die off. The authors suppose that oxygen deprivation to the roots of the conifers is responsible for the quick dying, and later, after the drying up of the silt, the willows expire from a lack of water. 31. Science: Botany. [MS245].
[MS2017]. Cooke, William Bridge. Some Aphyllophorales of the Southern Cascade Mountains. 1974. 324-340 pp. : 26 cm. Reprinted from the Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan, Vol XV, No. 4, p. 324-340, 1974. Includes bibliographical references: p. 340. "For the 150 species of fungi assigned to the Aphyllophorales collected and identified to date from Mount Shasta and Lassen Volcanic National Park, in the Southern Cascade Mountains, California, the basic floristic information used to describe these two areas are given." (Summary) 31. Science: Botany. [MS2017].
[MS467]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Flowers and Plants Living on Slopes of Mount Shasta. In: Mount Shasta Herald. Mt. Shasta, Calif.: Aug. 3, 10, 17, 24, 31; Sept. 7, 14; Oct. 5, 12, 19, 26; Nov. 2, 1939. 12-part article on the flowers and plants from different locales about Mt. Shasta. Cooke was the Sierra Club Lodge caretaker in 1939, and his observations stem from his daily opportunity to botanize. Thus his notes are quite detailed, although informal. In a sense Cooke takes the reader on a nature walk, For example, after describing several species of mistletoe found on Mt. Shasta, he adds two more: "Then there are two very tiny species. The first is the Douglas Fir Mistletoe. The entire plant, growing on a twig of Douglas Fir and causing Witch's Brooms, is not as long as a Fir needle. These tiny plants may have a half dozen staminate or pistillate flowers on each. The Mistletoes never have their pistils and stamens on the same plant, although large numbers of both types of plant may grow on the same tree. The other tiny species has slightly larger plants but is the most destructive plant on the mountain. It grows on White Bark Pine" (p. 6 Oct. 12). 31. Science: Botany. [MS467].
[MS235]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Some Ferns of Mount Shasta. In : American Fern Journal. 1939. Vol. 39. pp. 105-111. The introduction includes a mention of the historically important Mount Shasta botanizing efforts of Merriam, Eastwood, Pringle, Copeland, Lemmon, Brown, and Brewer. Cooke describes the geographical limits of his own collecting which took place in 1936-1938, and then describes specifically where he found his ferns. The common names of the ferns he collected on Mount Shasta are: Mountain Lady Fern, California Lady Fern, Lace Fern, Rock Brake, Brittle Fern, Sierra Cliff Fern, Shasta Fern, Imbricated Sword Fern, Shield Fern, Bracken, and Rocky Mountain Woodsia. Horsetail and Moonwort are also described. 31. Science: Botany. [MS235].
[MS22]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991.
Flora of Mount Shasta. Notre Dame, Ind.: The University Press, 1940.
'Reprinted from 'The American Midland Naturalist' Vol.23, No. 3, pp. 497-572,
May, 1940.'' Off-print publisher's binding of the original journal article.
This is the classic botanical work on the flora of Mount Shasta. Cooke worked
as a custodian of the Sierra Club's Shasta Alpine Lodge for three summers and
spent a total of ten months collecting plant specimens. The book includes an
historical introduction to prior botanical studies of Mount Shasta. Contains
many photographs of plant habitats around the mountain. Also contains a map
of Mount Shasta showing major trails and springs around the mountain. The references
list includes other Mt. Shasta books and articles written by Cooke.
Four supplements to the flora have been published. In personal correspondence to Michael Zanger, circa 1989, Cooke states that "Both the Flora and the list of fungi are being updated. A manuscript for the second edition of the Flora, combining the first edition and its four supplements is in preparation, and a systematic list of the fungi found to date, including the writer's collections and published records, is in preparation." 31. Science: Botany. [MS22].
[MS1042]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Eastern Scientist Visits Here. In: Mount Shasta Herald. Mt. Shasta, Calif.: Aug. 1, 1940. p. 1. Records details of a visit by Dr. Francis Pennell, curator of the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. The author and Dr. Pennell spent one afternoon together on Mt. Shasta. The visiting botanist was a specialist in the Snapdragon family of plants, and was collecting specimens from various "type localities" in the region. 31. Science: Botany. [MS1042].
[MS1043]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Dr. Clausen in Search of Shasta Fern. In: Mount Shasta Herald. Mt. Shasta, Calif.: Aug. 8, 1940. Records the visit by Dr. Robert Clausen, president of the American Fern Society. The author and Dr. Clausen searched Mud Creek Canyon for specimens of Stonecrop which were first collected on Mt. Shasta. Mt. Shasta was the "type locality" for these Stonecrop plants. 31. Science: Botany. [MS1043].
[MS234]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Preliminary Host Index to Fungi of Mount Shasta, California. In: The Plant Disease Reporter. Oct. 1, 1940. Supplement 123. pp. 125-133. Issued by the Division of Mycology and Disease Survey, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. In this paper the word 'host' signifies a plant or tree which acts as a host to one or more saprophytic and/or parasitic fungi. The research for the paper was carried out during the summers of 1937-1939, while the author was the custodian of the Shasta Alpine Lodge for the Sierra Club of California. Most of the paper consists of a list of about 70 plants or trees and their associated fungi. Much of the time was spent studying the Shasta Red Fir (Abies magnifica var. shastensis), and about fifty separate species of fungi were found to grow on or with this tree. 31. Science: Botany. [MS234].
[MS237]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. First Supplement to the Flora of Mount Shasta. In : American Midland Naturalist. 1941. Vol. 26. pp. 74-78. 31. Science: Botany. [MS237].
[MS236]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. The Problem of Life Zones on Mount Shasta. In : Madrono. 1941. Vol. 6. pp. 49-56. Cooke outlines the difficulties in applying C. Hart Merriam's "Life Zone" concepts to the upper reaches of Mount Shasta (see Merriam 1899). Most of the problem lies in the contradictory fact that Mount Shasta plants which form an association characteristic of Merriam's Arctic-Alpine zone also grow in the same association in places below the Hudsonian zone timberline. Cooke concludes that no Alpine botanical zone really exists on the mountain (p. 55). 31. Science: Botany. [MS236].
[MS468]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Cooke Visits Shasta's Ghost Forest, Tells of Mistletoe Growth. In: Mount Shasta Herald. Mt. Shasta, Calif.: Aug. 28, 1941. At the 8,000 foot level of Shastina the author encountered a large number of dead trees, all killed by a mistletoe infection. 31. Science: Botany. [MS468].
[MS470]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Cooke Tells of Plant Life, Weeds on Shasta. In: Mount Shasta Herald. Mt. Shasta, Calif.: Oct. 2, 1941. p. 1. Begins with a far-ranging discussion of the evolution of weeds on the planet. Cooke then tells of the progressive encroachment on Mt. Shasta by the Russian Thistle. 31. Science: Botany. [MS470].
[MS247]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Notes on the Ecology of the Fungi of Mount Shasta. In : American Midland Naturalist. 1944. Vol. 31. pp. 237-249. 31. Science: Botany. [MS247].
[MS471]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Wm. B. Cooke Talks on Mount Shasta Before Group at Spokane. In: Mount Shasta Herald. Mt. Shasta, Calif.: Mar. 6, 1947. p. 4. A detailed discussion of the 'Life Zones' on Mt. Shasta. 31. Science: Botany. [MS471].
[MS238]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Second Supplement to the Flora of Mount Shasta. In : American Midland Naturalist. 1949. Vol. 41. pp. 174-183. 31. Science: Botany. [MS238].
[MS241]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991.
Fungi of Mount Shasta. In: Sydowia: Annales Mycologici Series II. 1955.
Vol. 9. No.1-6. pp. 94-215. Cooke presents a truly amazing amount of data about
the fungi of Mt. Shasta. Field work was conducted from 1936 to 1951. Hundreds
of fungi and the locations where they were found are listed. Comments on locations
vary from simple to detailed. Frequent mention is made of Horse Camp, Panther
Meadows, Wagon Camp, Squaw Valley, Sand Flat, etc.
Cooke's work has practical implications for monitoring the health of the Mt. Shasta forests. Consider the following entry: "Pucciniastrum sparsum ...On Arctostaphylos patula [common name of this host plant is Green Manzanita] - Seen only on the McCloud (south) side of the mountain where it was collected on each of two years in the chaparral along a road below the Squaw Valley Creek spring. It infects, and apparently kills, the leaves of an entire shrub. It was not ascertained whether this action thus kills the host or merely weakens its succeeding growth" p. 150.
Many of the fungi entries are species which were first discovered by Cooke himself. Cooke was one of the world's scientific authorities on fungi.
A bibliography on pp. 116 contains references to Cooke's works, including several papers possibly not listed elsewhere. 31. Science: Botany. [MS241].
[MS239]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Third Supplement to the Flora of Mount Shasta. In : American Midland Naturalist. 1958. Vol. 70. pp. 386-395. 31. Science: Botany. [MS239].
[MS472]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Cooke Describes Observations of Plant Life on Mount Shasta. In: Mount Shasta Herald. Mt. Shasta, Calif.: Aug. 23, 1962. 'Part of a paper to be presented by Dr. William Bridge Cooke at the annual Foray of the Mycological Society of America at Corvallis.' A paper on the vegetative patterns of the earth in general and Mt. Shasta in particular, from the perspective of geological history. 31. Science: Botany. [MS472].
[MS246]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Fungi in Burned and Unburned Chaparral Soils. In: Sydowia: Annales Mycologici Series II. 1971. Vol. 24. pp. 164-168. 31. Science: Botany. [MS246].
[MS465]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. H. E. Brown and the Plants on the 'North Side of Mount Shasta'. In: Madrono. July, 1972. Vol. 21. No. 7. pp. 487-489. In the late 1890s one H. E. Brown, of whom almost nothing is known, collected and labeled plant specimens from the Mt. Shasta area. Wm. Bridge Cooke, noted 20th Century botanist and specialist of the flora of Mt. Shasta, first became aware of Brown's labeled specimens around 1940. Cooke attempted to determine the accuracy of Brown's collecting location notes. As many as 1500 Pacific Coast plant specimens were collected by Brown and of these about 120 were labeled as from Mt. Shasta. Cooke concludes after detailed discussion that "it is suggested that monographers be exceedingly careful about the citation of a plant collected by H. E. Brown 'on Mount Shasta.' It is entirely possible that the specimen was collected elsewhere. This could have been in the neighboring mountains, especially in the Wagon Creek drainage on Mount Eddy" (p. 489). 31. Science: Botany. [MS465].
[MS240]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. Fourth Supplement to the Flora of Mount Shasta. In : Northwest Science. 1977. Vol. 51. pp. 71-78. 31. Science: Botany. [MS240].
[MS466]. Cooke, William Bridge 1908-1991. The Ecology of Fungi. Boca Raton, Fla.: CPC Press, 1979. Textbook on all aspects of basic mycology, written by the author of the Flora of Mt. Shasta. The textbook represents the accumulated knowledge of a lifetime of fungi studies. Although the book is theoretical and not directly related to Mt. Shasta it is in a sense the author's masterwork. 31. Science: Botany. [MS466].
[MS2097]. Coville, C. V. The Forest: The Shasta Fir (Abies Shastensis). In: Garden and Forest. Dec. 29, 1897. pp. 516-517. Consists of a travel account to the Cascades by a botanist who wishes to compare the Abies nobilis with the Abies magnifica and Abies Shastensis. Contains considerable history of the various botanists who have worked on this taxonomy, and refers several times to collections in England. Also contains personal anecdotes of travel. 31. Science: Botany. [MS2097].
[MS734]. Coville, Frederick V. The
Itinerary of John Jeffrey, An Early Botanical Explorer of Western North America.
In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Mar. 23, 1897. Vol.
11. pp. 57-60. The author explains how a group of gentlemen met at the Botanical
Gardens in Edinburgh, Scotland in Nov. 1849 to form the "Oregon Botanical
Association." Their purpose was to send a botanist to Oregon to complete
and extend the researches of botanist David Douglas, who in 1826 had explored
the Willamette Valley and gone as far south as far as the Umpqua River. John
Jeffrey, a Scottish botanist, was selected for the assignment. Jeffrey sailed
from London in May of 1850, traveled by land through Canada from the East Coast
to the West Coast and reached Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River by May of
Coville states that after two months at Fort Vancouver: "...he next engaged in an expedition, from about August 1 to November 1, to the valleys of Umpqua, Klamath, Trinity, and Rogue Rivers, Siskiyou Mountains, Cascade Mountains, and Mount Shasta, all in southern Oregon and northern California" (p. 59).....In the following season, 1853, he repeated in part his work of the preceding year, collecting in the Umpqua Valley and the Siskiyou Mountains on Clear Creek, Mount Shasta, Applegate River, Scott Mountains, and the Coast Range, on the Sierra Nevada in latitude 38¡, in the Sacramento Valley, and the American fork of the Sacramento, and at San Francisco Bay" (p. 59).
Coville does not discuss Jeffrey's great 1852 discoveries of new species: the Jeffrey Pine (Pinus Jeffreyi) which he found in the Shasta Valley, and the Foxtail Pine (Pinus Balfouriana), which he found in the Scott mountains. Jeffrey himself named the latter species, naming it for J. H. Balfour, chairman of the "Oregon Botanical Association." Jeffrey is known to have climbed to the 9000 foot level on Mt. Shasta (see Jepson 1942). 31. Science: Botany. [MS734].
[MS901]. DeBuhr, Larry Eugene. Distribution
and Reproductive Biology of Darlingtonia California. Claremont Graduate
School, 1973 (Thesis, Master's). Darlingtonia californica, or the California
Pitcher Plant, has since 1841 been associated with the greater Mount Shasta
region. In that year the large and unusual species of insectivorous plant was
discovered by William D. Brackenridge near the base of Castle Crags. The plant,
then new to science, was considered the greatest botanical find of the United
States Exploring Expedition of 1838-1842.
The author's thesis attempts to record the locations of all known populations of the plant. The plant exists at many locales in the pacific Northwest and California. 31. Science: Botany. [MS901].
[MS248]. Dickson, Bruce Anderson 1917 and Crocker, R. L. A Chronosequence of Soils and Vegetation near Mt. Shasta, California. In: Journal of Soil Science. 1953. Vol. 4. pp. 123-141. 31. Science: Botany. [MS248].
[MS233]. Eastwood, Alice 1859-1953. The Alpine Flora of Mount Shasta. In: Erythea: A Journal of Botany. 1896. Vol. 4. pp. 136-142. Alice Eastwood was a famed botanist for the San Francisco Academy of Sciences. Being interested in the geographical distribution of plants, especially of alpine plants of the West, she arranged a trip to Mount Shasta. She says: "It was to learn about the alpine flora of Mt. Shasta that in August, 1893, I ascended that grand snow-capped mountain, ....Above timber line, however, where I had expected to see wonderful flower gardens full of old favorites and rare species new to me, where flowers of every color, beautiful in form and luxuriant in abundance would make the earth so lovely that the remembrance would be a never failing delight, the appearance was bleak, barren, and utterly disappointing. Instead of meadows full of flower-bordered rivulets there were huge cliffs of volcanic rock and immense fields and slopes of snow" (pp. 138-139). Undaunted, the author noted all the species to be seen; the list is included in this article. The final two pages of the article offer explanations of why there are few species of alpine flora on Mount Shasta. She thinks that a scarce alpine water supply exists because the volcanic soil and rock allow the water to sink down through the mountain. Scarce water alone is not sufficient to explain the paucity of species, and she continues to theorize that the mountain's isolation, and volcanic activity, perhaps combine to make Mount Shasta botanically deficient (p. 142). 31. Science: Botany. [MS233].
[MS1035]. Eastwood, Alice 1859-1953. An
Account and List of the Plants in the Brackenridge Journal. In: California
Historical Society Quarterly. Dec., 1945. Vol. 24. No. 4. pp. 337-342. Appears
as a companion article to: Alice Bay Maloney 'A Botanist on the Road to Yerba
Buena' In: CHSQ Vol. 4, No. 4, Dec. 1945, p. 323-336. Alice Eastwood, a
distinguished early 20th Century California botanist, identified the plants
noted in the 1841 journal of United States Exploring Expedition botanist William
Dunlop Brackenridge. She states: "From Brackenridge's journal it is evident
that he had an excellent general knowledge of plants, gained from his early
study of botany, from his experience as a gardener on estates in Scotland and
in Poland, and from what he had learned at the Berlin Botanical Garden. He recognized
well-known genera along the route, and the families to which the plants belonged;
but, with few exceptions, the species were unknown to him, since the flora of
California is unique among world floras. His description of those he did not
know, however, and his likening them to plants with which he was familiar, were
of much help in making the identifications; and besides, I have made many collecting
trips in the area through which the expedition passed" (p. 336).
Approximately 100 plants were noted by Brackenridge, and most of these have been given modern scientific names by Eastwood. Note that she identifies Brackenridge's "Thuya," as "Port Orford Cedar." She writes: "Thuya, the Oregon Cedar, is also not native in California. The tree Brackenridge saw was undoubtedly Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana, Lawson's cypress (Port Orford cedar), whose foliage somewhat resembles that of Thuya. Lawson's cypress can be seen today near Shasta Springs" (p. 338). Note that the Port Orford Cedar, a rare tree native only to northern California and southern Oregon, was not yet named by science in 1841. If indeed Brackenridge had collected a specimen of the tree, he may have been the first to do so. 31. Science: Botany. [MS1035].
[MS1292]. Eisenbrey, Norris. Eponymous
Plants of Mt. Shasta (together with) Eponymous Creatures of Mt. Shasta.
1992. Unpublished lists. 16 plants and 6 creatures whose names contain the
word 'Shasta' either as a common name or as a latinized scientific name. Gives
source references in which these names are used.
Plants: Shasta Alpine Aster (Machaeranthera shastensis, four varities), Shasta Blue Bell (Campanula Wilkinsiana), Shasta (Shrubby) Knotweed (Polygonum shastense), Shasta Lily (Lilium Washingtonianum var. minus), Shasta Lupin (Lupinus albicaulus var. shastensis), Shasta Penstemon (Penstemon speciosus), Shasta Star Tulip (Calochortus shastensis), Shasta Jacob's Ladder (Polymonium pulchellum), Shasta Red Fir (Abies magnifica var. shastensis), Shasta Daisy ( --), Shasta Arnica (Arnica viscosa), Shasta Eupatory (Eupatorium shastense), Shasta Fern (Polystichum Lemmonii), Shasta Clover (Trifolium productum), Shasta Paintbrush (Castelleja arachnoidea spp. shastensis, -- (Trifolium longipipes var. shastensis).
Animals listed are: Shasta Rainbow Trout, Shasta Brown Trout, Shasta Salamander, Shasta Crayfish, Shasta Alligator Lizard, Sheep Moth (Hemileuca eglanterina shastensis).
Note that the preceding lists, although not exhaustive, give a good indication of the significance of Mt. Shasta as the dominant landmark of the northern California bioregion. 31. Science: Botany. [MS1292].
[MS2095]. Freeman, Linda. Mount Shasta: A Boreal Isand. 1998. http://www.snowcrest.net/cnps/98marapr.htm Website.A brief history of the idea that a chain of Boreal Islands exists along the Cascade Mountins. Compares Mount Shasta boreal plant species with those of mountains to the north and to the south. 31. Science: Botany. [MS2095].
[MS242]. Frenkel, R. E. Floristic Changes along the Everitt Memorial Highway, Mount Shasta, California. In: The Wasmann Journal of Biology. 1974. Vol. 32. pp. 105-136. 31. Science: Botany. [MS242].
[MS2096]. [Furber, Dr. The New Remedy, 1870. In: Yreka Journal. July 27, 1870. col. 6-7. p. 4. Article and advertissement. "Dr. Furber's Cordial of Mountain Balm and Oregon Grape, Two Plants abounding on the base of, and on the Mountains Surrounding Mount Shasta California" "Restorer of the Blood, and acting equally as surely, and as well on the lungs as the stomach, is superior to other cough medicines, by bringing both to bear with the stimulated action of the whole skin in throwing off disease of either" 31. Science: Botany. [MS2096].
[MS1034]. Gilman, Daniel Coit. Life
of James Dwight Dana: Scientific Explorer Mineralogist, Geologist, Zoologist,
Professor in Yale University. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1899. This
biography of the great American geologist James Dwight Dana contains some general
information about Dana's participation on the Wilkes-Emmons overland expedition
of 1841.
The author provides information about W. D. Brackenridge's discovery of the Darlingtonia californica in what may be the first time in print of the legend that Brackenridge had only time enough to grap a plant and run. Gilman states: "The story is told of him, that on his way from Mount Shasta to San Francisco, an alarm from the Indians caused the party of explorers to run. Brackenridge saw a strange looking plant, grabbed a clump of it, and carried it to camp. This was the Darlingtonia Californica" (pp. 62-63).
Alice Bay Maloney, in her account of Brackenridge entitled A Botanist on the Road to Yerba Buena (California Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 4, Dec. 1945, p. 323), discusses the above mentioned legend and credits Dana has having told the story to Gilman. Note however that Gilman does not credit Dana with the story, and may have learned the story from someone else. D. C. Gilman was president of John Hopkins University, according to information provided on the title page. 31. Science: Botany. [MS1034].
[MS566]. Greene, Edward Lee 1843-1915.
New and Noteworthy Species. In: Pittonia. 1899-1901. Vol. 4. pp. 36-40.
Historically important publication reporting plants from Mt. Shasta as being
the type specimens for newly discovered and/or newly described species. Also
gives details relating each plant to either the name of its discoverer on Mt.
Shasta, or to the plant's Mt. Shasta alpine location. The sometimes collaborative
scientific process of identifying and naming new species is indirectly revealed
in this article. The plants are: Arnica Merriami, Agoseris monticola, Campanula
Wilkinsiana, Pyrolla pallida, and Phacelia frigida.
According to Munz (see Munz 'A California Flora' combined edition 1973), Arnica Merriami is now A. mollis. Agoseris Monticola is now A. glauca var. monticola. Campanula Wilkinsiana is still Campanula Wilkinsiana. Pyrolla pallida is now P. picta Ssp. dentata. And Phacelia frigida is now P. frigida. Ssp. frigida.
Note that all five of the Mt. Shasta species were collected by C. Hart Merriam or his associates in 1898 as part of the first Biological Survey of Mt. Shasta. Greene named one species after Merriam.
Contains descriptions of five plant species from Mt. Shasta, comprising half of the ten species described in the 'New or Noteworthy Species-XXIV' section of the 1899-1901 'Pittonia.' The author devotes two paragraphs to each plant, the first paragraph describing in English the botanical characteristics, and the second paragraph giving collecting dates and locations, plus details of comparison to similar species.
Example of collecting dates and location descriptions : 'Campanula Wilkinsiana.....Head of Squaw Creek, Mt. Shasta, California, at an altitude of about 8,000 feet, August and September, 1898, Miss Lewanna Wilkins. A beautifully distinct Campanula , with no near relative south of Alaska and the Olympic Mountains; and perhaps nearest C. aurita, Greene, of those regions. The calyx in C. Wilkinsiana is destitute of auricles or appendages.
Example: 'Pyrola pallida. ....Dr. C. Hart Merriam has lately shown it to me as collected by himself on Red Cone, near Mt. Shasta, July, 1898, and his insistence upon it as a plant wholly distinct from P. picta has led me to examine into its characters with the result of my coming to a full agreement with him in his opinion' (p. 39). 31. Science: Botany. [MS566].
[MS791]. Harvey, A. G. John Jeffrey:
Botanical Explorer. In: The Siskiyou Pioneer in Folklore, Fact and Fiction
and Yearbook. Siskiyou County Historical Society. 1947. pp. 17-19, 39. A condensation
of an article published in the October, 1946, British Columbia Historical Quarterly.
The editors of the Siskiyou Pioneer add a note that: "John Jeffrey discovered
and named, here in Siskiyou County, one of our most important commercial timber
trees, the Jeffrey Pine and one of our most interesting timberline trees, the
blue-green Foxtail Pine, as well as our native Penstemon."
Of Jeffrey's Siskiyou County experiences the author writes: "On September 9 and 11 [1852] he collected in the Klamath Valley, just across the California border, and by the 27th he had reached Mount Shasta. On the 29th, on the mountains between Shasta and Scott Valleys, he discovered Pinus Balfouriana Jeffrey (the bright blue-green foxtail pine), which he named. After visiting the Salmon Mountains and the Trinity Mountains he turned back in October, and on the 24th, in Shasta Valley, discovered Pinus Jeffreyi Balf., (which closely resembles the western yellow pine). By December 4 he had reached Mount Jefferson, and soon afterwards he got back to Fort Vancouver, where he spent the winter. (The Hudson's Bay Company was still in occupation.) In the spring he went south again, leaving about April 6, 1853, when he was advanced $500 by the Company. He collected in Umpqua Valley between April 23 and May 3, among his finds being Whipplea modesta Torr., (a shrub of the Hydrangea family). He was in the Rogue River valley on May 15, in the Siskiyou Mountains on the 23rd, and at Mount Shasta on June 10th. Next day, at Clear Creek he discovered Penstemon Jeffreyanus Hook. On June 18 he was at Scott Mountain. The next six weeks were spent in this region and southwards to the Coast Range. He then went south and east to the Sacramento Valley and the Sierra Nevada Mountains for August and September, working still southward. On October 1, in the Sierras, he discovered Cupressus McNabiana Murr. (the very rare McNab cypress), and by the 7th he had reached San Francisco...in January, 1854...he sent off his last box of plants and seeds..." (pp. 18-19).
In the spring of 1854 Jeffrey sent a letter from Fort Yuma, at the confluence of the Gila and Colorado Rivers. He was never heard from again and presumably perished somewhere in the Southwest. 31. Science: Botany. [MS791].
[MS243]. Herre, Albert William C. T. 1868-1962. The Lichen Flora of Mount Shasta, California. In: The Bryologist. 1950. Vol. 53. pp. 43-54. From the introduction it appears that Dr. Herre was the one who identified the lichens collected by William Bridge Cooke. Herre says: "The 82 lichens collected here presented are all that have been obtained by Mr. Cooke as yet. It is hoped that he or others may further extend our knowledge of the Mount Shasta lichen flora" (p. 44). The introductory remarks are quite detailed as to the locations of Cooke's collecting and the descriptions of lichen habitats will interest the naturalist reader. For example, Herre writes: "...often four to six species are crowded together on a small rock surface, although usually the greater part of the area is taken up by one or two species. Curious effects may be observed on the small bosses, knobs, and humps which are so common a feature of the andesite lavas, where two, three, or more species compete for space on both the upper and lower or inner and outer surfaces of the rock" (p. 46). 31. Science: Botany. [MS243].
[MS569]. Hill, Tod. A Lady's Adventure. In: San Francisco Call. San Francisco, Calif.: Sept. 7, 1893. p. 11. Source: Stuhl I says Sept. 7; Source of Citation: Stewart 1929 #217 says Sept. 17. Alice Eastwood's (famous botanist) Shasta climb, written from an interview. 40. Find List/31. Science: Botany. [MS569].
[MS910]. Houghton, Kenneth W. Shasta
Daisies: Summer Mainstays. In: Horticulture. Aug., 1953. pp. 334, 345. The
Chrysanthemum garden flower known as the Shasta Daisy is defined by the author:
"The shasta as we now know it is a true hybrid - the result of crosses
between C. leucanthemum, C. maximum, C. lacustre, and C. nipponicum. These are
all white, single daisies differing primarily in habit of growth, and from them
the semi-double and double varieties were originally achieved through careful
selection" (p. 334).
Note that the Shasta Daisy known as "C. maximum" is considered naturalized in some locations on the Pacific Coast (see Abrahms and Ferris "An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States" 1960, Vol. 4, p. 394). None of the varieties known as the Shasta Daisy are native to California, and none are known grow on Mt. Shasta (see Stuhl 1981). The origin of the name "Shasta Daisy" is uncertain; Luther Burbank, the eminent horticulturalist, was an active worker with the plant and may have named it. 31. Science: Botany. [MS910].
[MS1067]. Imper, David. Ecological Survey of the Proposed Shasta Red Fir Research Natural Area. PO No. 43-9AD6-7-0708. Redding, Ca.: USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, May, 1988. Unpublished report. Source of Citation: DEIS MSWP 1990, p. VII-2. 31. Science: Botany/40. Find List. [MS1067].
[MS679]. Jepson, Willis Linn 1867-1946.
Early Botanical Ascents of Mount Shasta. In: Sierra Club Bulletin. 1942.
Vol. 27. No. 4. pp. 23-30. Jepson, one of the great 20th Century California
botanists, discusses the early botanical investigations conducted on Mt. Shasta.
Among the botanists historically considered are the Scotsman John Jeffrey (for
whom the Jeffrey Pine is named) who ascended to the 9000 foot level on September
30, 1852, and who made the first field notes about the Whitebark Pine he collected
at timberline. Jeffrey also discovered the Jeffrey Pine in Shasta Valley on
Oct. 24, 1852. William Henry Brewer climbed the mountain in 1862 and wrote
the first major botanical report on California flora. The great American botanist
Asa Gray and the famous English botanist John Hooker visited Mt. Shasta in 1877,
with John Muir as a participant. John Gill Lemmon, who first named the Shasta
variety of the Red Fir, climbed Mt. Shasta in 1879. In 1881 Cyrus Pringle, a
noted American botanist well known for his Mexico explorations, discovered a
new species of the Borage family at the 6000 foot level of Mt. Shasta. Jepson
cites visits to Mt Shasta by the botanists Drew and Chestnut in 1889, and Palmer
in 1892. In 1894 Jepson, Howe, and Blasdale together climbed to the summit of
Mt. Shasta.
Jepson writes that: "In relation to the problems of plant distribution on the Pacific Coast, Mount Shasta has greater botanical significance than could have been appreciated by botanists in Brewer's day. The presence or absence of alpine and high-montane species on the mountain in relation to the flora of Lassen Peak, the flora of the Salmon Mountains region westward, or the flora of the Cascade volcanic peaks northward, has a deep interest for plant geographers. Exploration of the mountain will continue for long and there will ever be new conclusions formed from a study of its flora as long as there are scientists interested in the geographic distribution of living organisms" (p. 29). 31. Science: Botany. [MS679].
[MS2005]. Lanquist, Karl. Mt. Shasta Forest Tree Nursery. Shasta-Trinity National Forest, 1955. 14pp. with 7 photographs. First seeded in 1947, by 1955 it was recorded that 5,000,000 trees were grown annually at the 45 acre Mt. Shasta Forest Tree Nursery on the east side of Mount Shasta. The author explains that the trees are replanted in the forest at 680 trees per acre, and thus all those trees actually only replant 7,000 acres. This booklet is an interesting historical view of the methods then used for preparing cones and for seeding beds. One example of the methods used was to melt the six feet of winter snow at the site more quickly by speading a thin layer of dry soil over the snow in the Springtime. Seasonal labor was mostly women from McCloud and Pondosa. 31. Science: Botany. [MS2005].
[MS1212]. Lemmon, John Gill 1832-1908.
Three West-American Conifers. In: Garden and Forest. May 12, 1897. John
Gill Lemmon first named the Shasta Red Fir as a variety of the California Red
Fir, the Abies Magnifica var. Shastensis, Lemmon (Lemmon 3d. Bienn. Rep. Cal.
St. Bd. Forestry, 1890, p. 145). In 1897 he has renamed this tree as a separate
species, the Abies Shastensis . He begins by stating his overall reasons for
the change: "Several so-called marked varieties of our western conifers,
I am convinced, are entitled to take rank as species. Crowding two or more marked
forms into one polymorphus group, while it emphasis the fact that they are related,
gives us little other knowledge of them. We know in this age of the world that
all groups of plants are connected, more or less closely, and we believe that
they are all derived from a few simple, primordial forms. As we meet with the
termini of these lines of development we find them greatly diversified while
also retaining vestiges of kinship. We advance knowledge of these lines--these
genera and species--more by detecting and separating than by ignoring and generalizing."
"Prevalence of the following forms over large forest areas, combined with many conspicuous differences, both in habitat and structure, demands, in my opinion, this long-delayed recognition" (p. 183). Note that counter to Lemmon's wishes, modern botanical taxonomy has retained only the "Abies Magnifica var. Shastensis Lemmon" categorization.
Lemmon names the new species of Shasta Red Fir as Abies Shastensis, nom nov. , and says: "--This, the Shasta Red Fir, often attains a medium size, 100 to 120 feet in height, with a diameter of three to four feet. Bark dark outside, red within, deeply furrowed; foliage less robust than that of the typical Abies magnifica; the cones usually elliptical, with more protuberant scales, the apophyses clothed with short, stiff, recurved, brownish hairs; the scale bracts usually developed to a great length, extending one half to one inch from between the scales. Headquarters around the base of Mount Shasta, California, at altitudes of 5,000 to 8,000 feet, forming a large dense, almost exclusive Fir forest..." (p.184). 31. Science: Botany. [MS1212].
[MS474]. Lemmon, John Gill 1832-1908.
Conifers of the Pacific Slope: How to Distinguish Them. In: Sierra Club
Bulletin. 1898. Vol. 2. pp. 156-172. John Gill Lemmon was the botanist who in
1890 first published that the Shasta Red Fir was a separate variety of the Red
Fir. (For Lemmon's fascinating account of climbing to the summit of Mt. Shasta
in 1879 see Section 11. Mountaineering: 19th Century).
In this paper Lemmon described the details of the Shasta Red Fir and then wrote: "Forms a dense, almost exclusive forest, on the high lava plateau of Mount Shasta, with a few trees scattered on the volcanic summits of neighboring peaks. Has been confounded with the preceding--Abies magnifica--but Dr. Murray founded that species upon very different trees....Published as a variety of the Magnificent Fir, 1890, and recently raised to the rank of species."
A footnote adds: "A. magnifica, var. Shastensis, Lemmon. Third Report State Board Forestry, 1890, and A. Shastensis, Lemmon, N. Sp., in Garden and Forest, May 12, 1897." 31. Science: Botany. [MS474].
[MS1136]. Lloyd, Marquiss. Violins
From California's Fir Trees. In: Los Angeles Times Sunday Magazine. Los
Angeles, Calif.: Mar. 22, 1931. p. 14. Feature story about a Mt. Shasta violin
maker who found high on the mountain the nearly perfect wood for his instruments:
"There is a man living at the foot of Mt. Shasta, California, who makes
violins from the wood a certain tree that grows on its slopes. He will tell
you that in the hearts of these trees there is the reverberation of the storm,
the roaring of the winds, the thundering of cataracts, the rustle of spring,
the warmth of summer sunshine, the sadness of autumn and the white silence of
winter. He will tell you that he is striving to set free these qualities in
the vibrant tones of his instruments....For several years he wandered afoot
from State to State making his own selections and tests, but it was not until
he reached McCloud, Cal. in August 1825 [1925] that his quest ended.....At first
experts declared his find was a species which grew thickly from the Siskiyou
Mountains to Fresno, Cal., but later a dissimilarity was revealed in the cones,
needles and foliage, also there was found to be a difference of about 75 percent
between the tone quality and resonance and that of the species to which the
experts had referred still later, it was ascertained that Mt. Shasta is the
sole habitat of the fir which Mr. Bedell chose for his use."
As to the exact identity of this Mt. Shasta tree species, the author says: "Today when its crater is cooled and its peak crowned with eternal snows, a man has reawakened the world's interest in its coveted wood of the silver needle fir--by discovering among its verdure the Abies Magnifici, as used three centuries ago by Stradivarius, the violin maker of Cremona, Italy." Judging from these descriptions and others in the text, the tree was Abies magnifica var.shastensis, the Shasta Red Fir.
The author says that "In his workshop are several half finished reproductions of Amati, Stradivarius and Guarnerius models. Most of these are orders from prominent American violinists. Recently Mr. Bedell made an Amati model for an artist in Moscow, Russia. While his instruments sell for hundreds of dollars, the pre-eminent concern of this genius of the Northwest is the creation of a perfect violin." 31. Science: Botany. [MS1136].
[MS475]. Matthes, Lester J. The Plant
Communities of Mount Shasta. University of Minnesota, June, 1942 (Thesis,
Master's). 153 pp. A major ecological study based on systematic surveying
of about 650 square miles during the summers of 1938 and 1940. Contains discussions
of climate, soils, geography, etc. The major portion of the thesis is devoted
to describing the plant communities and listing the individual plant species
of each community. Contains dozens of excellent black and white photographs
of the various plant regions on Mt. Shasta. These photographs contribute greatly
to the ecologic historical value of this report.
Plant communities discussed are: Sagebrush-juniper climax, Grassland climax, Chaparral climax, Western yellow pine-sugar pine-incense cedar climax, Chaparral subclimax, Lodgepole pine subclimax, Shasta fir climax, Timberline zone, Alpine zone. Contains a brief bibliography. 31. Science: Botany. [MS475].
[MS2018]. McVaugh, Rogers 1909. Edward Palmer, Plant Explorer of the American West. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956. xvii, 430 p. illus., ports., maps, facsims. 24 cm. 'References and sources': p. 403-420. In 1892, Palmer collected grasses from Sisson, Calif. to the timberline of Mount Shasta (p. 322). 31. Science: Botany. [MS2018].
[MS592]. [Morse, Elizabeth E. Trailing a Puffball: A Rare Plant, Supposed To Be Limited to the Sierra. In: Mount Shasta Herald. Mt. Shasta, Calif.: Aug. 20, 1928. 'Trailing the Sierra Puffball' by Elizabeth E. Morse was published in the Sierra Club Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 1, Feb 1929, pp. 61-63. Morse reports finding a species of the fungus on Mount Shasta and other locations. Article contains a letter from U. C. Berkeley botanist Elizabeth E. Morse. She notes that: "This season the writer has found this mushroom growing at Mount Shasta City and Medicine Lake, Mt. Shasta, thus moving its locality about 100 miles north. And now it has jumped its lauded boundary into another state [at Crater Lake, Ore.]. Has anyone ever seen a plant answering this description on Mount Hood? The Sierran puffball appears to be a mountain species. Just how it grows and forms its peridial pryamids, and why it appears in such a limited area, are problems which are concerning some people in the botanical world." 31. Science: Botany. [MS592].
[MS649]. Newberry, John Strong 1822-1892. Botany of the Route. In: Reports of Explorations and Surveys to Ascertain the Most Practicable and Economical Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the Direction of the Secretary of War, in 1854-1855, According to Acts of Congress of March 3, 1853, May 31, 1854, and August 5, 1854. Volume VI. 33rd Congress. 2d Session. House Document 91. Washington, D.C.: A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer, 1857. Part 3. pp. 1-102, following Parts 1 and 2. Illustrated with full-page plates in both black and white and color. J. S. Newberry, namesake of the Newberry Crater volcano in southern Oregon, wrote the geological, botanical, and zoological reports for the 1854-1855 Abbot (see Abbot 1857) and Williamson Railroad Survey. It is assumed that Newberry was a member of the expedition. 31. Science: Botany. [MS649].
[MS534]. Reedy, Terry Jan. Vegetation Changes along a Mount Shasta, California, Roadside in Relation to theories of Community Dynamics. Davis, Calif.: University of California, 1979 (Thesis). Source: Zanger: UCD Main Lib. LD 781 D5j 1979 R445 Microcopy Rm. Also, UCB has circulating microcopy (2 sheets). 40. Find List/31. Science: Botany. [MS534].
[MS1068]. Roy, D. F. and others. Reconnaissance Report for Proposed Shasta Red Fir Research Natural Area (formerly Red Fir Ridge and Red Butte RNA Proposals). Redding, Calif.: USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1982. Source of Citation: DEIS MSWP 1990, p. VII-2. 31. Science: Botany/40. Find List. [MS1068].
[MS2094]. [Stuhl, Edward. Correspondence with U.S.D.A and New York Botanical Gardens, [RE: Collecting Rare Plants in the 1940's]. circa 1940-1950. Edward Stuhl, noted Mt. Shasta climber and artist, was asked to collect rare plants from locations on and about Mt. Shasta. These plants were used in war research for anti-malarials, insecticides, and repellents. Specific plants were requested to be collected, for example, the letter of Aug. 19, 1944, askes Stuhl to collect Tofielda occidentale, which was known to exist at Wagon Camp Meadows and McGuiness Meadows (both on the south slopes of Mt. Shasta.) 31. Science: Botany. [MS2094].
[MS931]. Stuhl, Edward 1887-1984. Mt.
Shasta, Her Trees, Plants. In: Mount Shasta Herald. Mt. Shasta, Calif.:
Nov. 8, 15, 22, 1928. p.2 (Nov. 8); p. 3 (Nov. 15); p.6 (Nov. 22). Three-part
article. 'Specially Written for the Mount Shasta Herald.' Edward Stuhl was
one of the most respected mountaineers of Mt. Shasta. Part One of his series
consists mostly of an autobiographical account of years of discovery of the
unusual plants at the higher elevations. The article begins: "After several
years of studying and exploring that sublime snow-clad peak of Northern California,
Mount Shasta, I am becoming more and more convinced that this great mountain
is worthy of holding rank with all the best known heights of North America in
which the nature lover and mountaineer takes pride. And yet Shasta has not been
appreciated as it deserves....I have mused on the mountain far above the noise
and haste of the world for days and weeks; made myself familiar with the rocks,
the flowers, the trees and the animals, and noticed that many fellowmen come
to the mountain bringing too much of the noise and the haste of the world with
them" (p. 2 Nov. 8). Stuhl discusses climbing and future trails around
the mountain.
Part Two discusses the plants around the mountain. For example: "On the way up through the shady Shasta fir belt we notice a few plants which are not common throughout the country; these are wild ginger (Asarum hartwegi), shinleaf (Pyrola picta), pipsissewa (Chimaphila Menziesi), and pine-drops (Pterospora andromedae). These four species are by no means conspicuous for their largeness, brightness or density in the shade; but at close acquaintance we find them very beautiful and worthy to adorn the finest botanical garden" (p. 3 Nov. 15).
Part Three discusses the mountain's glaciers, and the plants encountered at the headwaters of the creeks which start from these ice masses. For example: "In order to reach Brewer Creek, more ridges and gullies have to be crossed; but these are of moderate height and depth. The open stretches in between are of gentle slope-rocky and sandy, but not hard to walk upon. Alpine phlox (Phlox douglasi), pussy paws (Spraguea umbellata), alpine yellow violet (Viola purpurea), ...are met at every step. The white bark pine seems to be more at home here than in any locality thus far encountered. Fine erect specimens stand in spite of severe winter storms, and, where necessity demands, it stoops and creeps close to the ground, thereby holding its own as the survival of the fittest among Shasta trees in the high altitudes" (p. 6 Nov. 22). 31. Science: Botany. [MS931].
[MS1130]. Torrey, John. On the Darlingtonia
Californica, A New Pitcher-Plant, from Northern California. Apr., 1853.
COS copy missing title page. In October of 1841 William Dunlop Brackenridge
(1810-1893) collected near Mt. Shasta a plant new to science. The discovery
was considered the greatest botanical find of the entire four year Wilkes' Expedition.
The eminent botanist John Torrey writes: "This new Pitcher-plant was first
detected by Mr. J. D. Brackenridge, Assistant-Botanist to the United States'
Exploring Expedition, Under Captain Wilkes, while passing overland from Oregon
to San Francisco, in the Year 1842 [sic]. He found it in a marsh, bordering
a small tributary of the Upper Sacramento, a few miles south of Shasta Peak.
Owing to the lateness of the season (it was October), the flowers had passed;
and not even a seed vessel was found, but only the leaves and tall scapes, with
the remains of a single capsule. The leaves, however, were so peculiar, that
no doubt was entertained of the plant being either a Sarracenia, or a near ally
of that genus. Without the flowers, nothing further could be determined respecting
it; but from the bracteate scape and deeply parted lamina or appendage of the
leaves, it seemed more probable that it was distinct from Sarracinia. Long had
I been hoping to receive the plant in a more complete state, when it was at
last brought to me by my friend, Dr. G. W. Hulse, of New Orleans, who found
it in flower in May, 1851, in the same region, and perhaps in the very spot
where it proved to be generically distinct from Sarracinia....and I take great
pleasure in dedicating it to my highly esteemed friend Dr. William Darlington...whose
valuable botanical works have contributed so largely to the scientific reputation
of our country" (p. 3).
This report consists of several pages of scientific description of the plant, with one full-page plate illustration. 31. Science: Botany. [MS1130].
Geology ~
Environment ~
Native Americans ~
Folklore ~
History ~
Art ~
Recreation ~ Maps ~ Mount Shasta Collection ~ Bibliography ~ Lesson Plans ~ About Project


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Facebook Wants Way Too Much Information
I was interested to see that Facebook has released a WordPress plugin. This would allow me to easily share content from this blog to my Facebook page.
I installed the plugin, and went to configure it, and, after creating an "app" on Facebook, saw the following:
Seriously? My mobile phone number? MY CREDIT CARD? WTF? Facebook, do you really think I'm giving you my credit card number?
Needless to say, I have deleted the plugin.

subset: commoncrawl


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J.S. Photography is a small, student-run business. We focus on portraiture (headshots, modeling portfolios, senior portraits, etc.) but are also available for special events like bar mitzvahs and small weddings. Our pricing is EXTREMELY reasonable and we are very queer friendly.
To see some sample images, check out our myspace
Questions? Email us at [email protected]


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Nationals and Mudcats Canceled Due to Severe Thunderstorms
Rubber Match Series Finale Will Not Be Made Up in 2014 Season
By Potomac Nationals | June 11, 2014 9:54 PM ET
Zebulon, NC- The Potomac Nationals' (35-29, 17-17) rubber match series finale with the Carolina Mudcats (28-35, 14-20) at Five County Stadium was canceled on Wednesday night due to severe thunderstorms that brought heavy rainfall.
The official call to cancel the contest came at 8:48pm.
This game will not be made up during the 2014 season due to the fact the teams do not face each other again in the first half of the current campaign.
The original start time of 7:00pm was pushed back to 7:32pm due to a pre-game, torrential T-storm that included accompanying rain showers.
In a scoreless tie while the Mudcats batted in the bottom of the 3rd inning following a double up the left field line cranked by Carolina CF Todd Hankins, the game was put into its second rain delay.
The odd two-bagger from Hankins appeared to be foul in the seats up the left field chalk before Washington Nationals LF Jeff Kobernus realized a wind gust had brought it back into fair territory. Kobernus, who is down with the P-Nats on a rehab stint while recovering from a fractured right hand, could barely see the baseball through the bullets of rain prompting the halt of play.
Nationals RHP Blake Schwartz went 2.2 scoreless innings while Carolina LHP Ryan Merritt gunned through 3.0 innings without surrendering a run in the fragmented affair.
None of the statistics from this partial matchup will count towards the 2014 stat lines for either club.
The P-Nats will drive through the night to prepare for five games in four days against the Winston-Salem Dash (Chicago White Sox) at Pfitzner Stadium to finish the Carolina League's first half. The first place Nationals covet their second consecutive Carolina League First Half Northern Division Championship and began the evening 2.5 games ahead of the second-place, Lynchburg Hillcats (Atlanta Braves). This upcoming series with Winston-Salem is the final set before the 2014 Carolina League All-Star Break.
Thursday night action will pit Washington Nationals Gio Gonzalez (0-0, 19.64) against Winston-Salem Dash RHP Frank Montas (3-0, 1.23).
Gonzalez is down for his second-ever rehab appearance with the Potomac Nationals on the mend from left shoulder inflammation.
Thursday evening at The Pfitz is a Thursday Cheers event featuring $1 drink specials, while the Potomac Nationals will also host a Community Night. Harley Davidson of Quantico is sponsoring Hog Night with the P-Nats that will include a hog roast in the WashMyDeck Picnic Area and a pre-game motorcycle ride-around the warning track.
The Potomac Nationals Baseball Network, accessible by heading online to www.potomacnationals.com, will broadcast live coverage of the Nationals' series opener with the Winston-Salem Dash on Thursday night beginning with the P-Nats Leadoff Show at 6:50pm before the play-by-play at 7:05pm.
The Potomac Nationals of the Carolina League play at Pfitzner Stadium in Woodbridge, Virginia, and are the Class-A Advanced affiliate of the Washington Nationals. The Potomac Nationals have claimed four Carolina League Championship titles (1982, 1989, 2008, and 2010) and eight division championships. Most recently, the P-Nats earned a 2013 Carolina League Northern Division pennant. P-Nats 2014 season tickets and mini plans are now on sale. Sponsorship opportunities for the 2014 season and beyond are available. Plan your corporate outing now for the 2014 season to see the future stars of the Washington Nationals at The Pfitz as the P-Nats offer discounted group rates and all-inclusive picnic options. Visit the P-Nats online at www.potomacnationals.com or call the Potomac Nationals Ticket Office at 703-590-2311 for more information!
-- Potomac Nationals --
This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.View More


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- Stylist:
- Renee
Aug 30, 2010 - I tried Renee twice after finding her here and I couldn't get to my usual stylist Jonathan at the Curly Hair Institute in Toronto. She's a nice woman and my first cut, she does curly hair dry, was OK, though not even, one side longer than the other and after a few weeks I had to trim it myself. Second trip the highlights were great but the cut was worse, dry cutting my hair just didn't work and Renee seemed uninterested or indifferent to learning where my hair curls differently on my head, how it falls etc. I will never go back.


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Fluffy Chocolate Frosting
- Yield: Makes about 3 cups
- 2 1/2 cups (about 15 ounces) semisweet chocolate chips
- 1 1/2 cups (3 sticks) unsalted butter, softened
- 1/3 cup confectioners' sugar
- 1 pinch of salt
Melt chocolate in a heatproof bowl set over a pan of simmering water, stirring occasionally. Let cool to room temperature, 25 to 30 minutes.
Meanwhile, put butter, confectioners' sugar, and salt into the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the paddle attachment; mix on medium-high speed until pale and fluffy, 3 to 4 minutes. Reduce speed to low. Add melted chocolate, and mix until combined, scraping down sides of bowl as needed. Use immediately.
Cook's Notes
Refrigerate in an airtight container up to 3 days; bring to room temperature and stir before using.


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Daisies, Brownies, and Juniors are invited to our First Aid, Preparedness, & Wellness Day! Join us at the American Red Cross of Greater New York for a special "National Preparedness Month" event!
What to expect:
Daisies will earn their Safety Award pin
Brownies will earn their First Aid badge
Juniors will earn their First Aid badge
All girls will design their own travel first aid kid, and receive first aid and safety training
Girls and adults can participate in a Wellness Fair
Adults will receive emergency prepareness training
WHEN: Saturday, September 20, 2014
TIME: 10:00am - 2:00pm (check in at 9:30am)
LOCATION: American Red Cross of Greater New York, 520 West 49th Street between 10th and 11th Avenues, Manhattan
FEE: Girls: $10; Adults: $5
Space is limited, so register by September 8 by clicking HERE. You may download a flyer by clicking HERE. For questions or payments, contact Kailey at 212.645.4000 x216 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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My fellow ICIS blogger Simon Robinson has just returned from a week in the ICIS Chemical Business (ICB) office in
Being yellow on the outside New York cabs are obvious and the one clear advantage that they have over London cabs is that you can easily tell when they are for hire. Other than that it is hard to spot any benefits. The interiors are cleverly coloured a dirty dark grey. The seats are the kind of vinyl that your legs stick to if you are in shorts and which are guaranteed to make you sweat uncontrollably if the temperature gets over 20 deg C.
In my experience in
, I've never been in a cab where the driver stopped next to fellow cabbie to give him a mouthful for not going quite fast enough. London
With a comparatively long spell in my yellow-coated paradise, I was able to get my ear in to the advertising. I'd have to say that things are not going entirely swimmingly for BP petrol station franchisees and owners. They appeared in radio ads to actually thank people for buying gasoline from them. The sooner BP rebrands its service station network in the


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from yalls knowledge and experience what would be better for playing and storing highquality dvds and for gaming. dont really car about the tv tuner will also be hooking up an xbox to it and wasnt sure if the AIW had a setup that would allow that and the XT didnt. thanks for the help.
No announcement yet.
ATI 9600 AIW vs ATI9600xt 256
new posts
ATI 9600 AIW vs ATI9600xt 256Tags: None
First off if you want to hook your XBox up with these two options the AIW is the one you want because the 9600XT does not have composite or s-video inputs. It usually only has DVI, VGA, and S-VIDEO outputs. The AIW has a little dongle that allows for a full composite and s-vid connection.
Secondly they both will be good for gaming or MPEG2 playback. You won't have any problems what so ever unless you want to use all the available technolgy coming out for todays games. Then you might consider a 9800 especially since prices are coming down. I would'nt think that was worth it for a car computer though.
Also keep in mind the AIWs use software encoding which means more cpu use and crappy quality. Look into the Hauppauge WinTV-PVR250. It uses hardware decoding which gives great quality and hardly any cpu ussage. However the AIW will probably be good enough and alot cheaper then a vid card and tuner.:My Car and Regular Computer:
would the xt be beter for dvd playback? if so can a get a monitor with the rca hookoups to run a direct route from the xbox?
They would both be the same since they are essentially the same card. So if this is the case I strongly suggest the XT over the AIW.:My Car and Regular Computer:
Don't mean to hi-jack this thread but, krypt2nite, I have an ATI 7500 AIW PCI running on an Epia Nehemia 1000. Is this why it runs like crap/choppy and can't multitask ie. run GPS & play a DVD at the same time (97% CPU usage)? Could you please also comment on this thread; DVD playback problems ?System:
Epia M1000 w/512MB PC2100, Xenarc 700TS, ATI 7500 PCI, OPUS 150 PSU, 2.5 40GB 5400 HDD, 802.11g PCI, Slim Slot DVDR,
Gyration RF Kybrd, OBDII adpt. + sftwr, XP pro, iGuidance/Royaltek GPS NAV, XMPCR, Kenwd KAC-8401 4 chnl amp, 10" pwd sub


text:
When Ghostbusters: Sanctum of Slime debuts next month, video game players will get to know a new crew of paranormal investigators.
Publisher Atari is giving Game Hunters a first look at the the rookie foursome players will meet in the downloadable game, available for PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on March 23.
The four-player action title features the Ghostbusters fighting off paranormal threats in New York City using items such as Proton Streams and Plasma Inductors.
Today, we'll introduce you to two of the four rookies. Then, be sure to stop by Wednesday to meet the rest of the Ghostbusters team.
Practical and hardworking, he has no real background in the paranormal but is the workhorse leader of the team -- the others know he's always there to pick them up after a Knock Down or help with wrangling a frenzied ghoul. He's also the steady hand of the team - when things go wrong he's the one with the plan.
An optimistic scientist with a positive outlook that keeps the team's spirits up. There's no ghost too big or bad that can't be figured out and then busted. He has a slight advantage with his studies in the paranormal and makes good use of this extra knowledge to help bust the stranger entities that the team comes across.
Mike Snider began covering the video game industry during the Super Nintendo-Sega Genesis clash in 1992. An original pinball wizard, he eventually was seduced by Robotron: 2084 and Tempest. These days he is a fan of action/shooters and lives out his Keith Moon fantasies playing a mean drum kit on music games. More about Mike.
Brett Molina has been writing about video games for USA TODAY since 2005. He is well-versed in Madden NFL, the fighting genre and first-person shooters. The first video game he played was Asteroids at a local arcade. He has been hooked ever since. More about Brett.


text:
SOA with .NET & Windows Azure:
Realizing Service-Orientation with the Microsoft Platform
by Thomas Erl
- Prentice Hall/PearsonPTR
- Hardcover, 893 pages
- Authors (in alphabetical order):
- David Chou
- John deVadoss
- Thomas Erl
- Nitin Gandhi
- Hanu Kommalapati
- Brian Loesgen
- Christoph Schittko
- Herbjorn Wilhelmsen
- Mickey Williams
- Forewords by:
- S. Somasegar
- David Chappell
- Contributors:
- Scott Golightly
- Daryl Hogan
- Jeff King
- Scott Seely
- Members of the Microsoft Windows Azure team
- Members of the Microsoft AppFabric team
About this Book
In SOA with .NET and Windows Azure, a team of top Microsoft technology experts team up with Thomas Erl to explore service-oriented computing with Microsoft's latest .NET and Windows Azure innovations. The authors show how modern service technology advancements within the Microsoft platform have increased the potential for applying and realizing service-orientation practices and goals. Specifically, the book delves into Microsoft enterprise technologies, such as Windows Azure, Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), Windows Azure AppFabric, BizTalk Server, Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) and industry technologies and models, including WS-* and REST, in relation to common SOA design patterns and principles. The book walks the reader through numerous code-level examples and further details various technology architectures and implementation examples, such as those related to cloud computing, orchestration, and enterprise service bus platforms.
SOA Certified Professional Program
This book is part of the official curriculum for the SOA School SOA Certified Professional Program.
For more information, visit www.soaschool.com
To be notified of new book releases and other updates to this site, please connect with the social media channels at: www.arcitura.com/community
"Microsoft's diverse product line has long supported the service-oriented enterprise, but putting it all together into a cohesive whole can be daunting. From more established products, like Windows Communication Foundation, Windows Workflow Foundation, Microsoft Office SharePoint Server, and BizTalk Server, to newer offerings like Windows Azure and AppFabric, the experts assembled here expose the sweet spots for each technology, talk through the high-level trade-offs, and offer a roadmap to a unified Microsoft SOA story."
- Kevin P. Davis, Ph.D. Software Architect
"This book excels in giving hands-on and in-depth expertise on the SOA architecture style with the .NET framework and the Azure cloud platform. It's a practical guide for developers, architects, and SOA implementers. A must read!"
- Ricardo P. Schluter, ICT Architect, Parnassia Bavo Group
"While the industry overall may have hyped "the cloud" to the level it often seems to cure world hunger, SOA with .NET and Windows Azure helps cut through the questions and hype and more clearly discusses the benefits and practical techniques for putting it to work in the real world. This book helps you understand the benefits associated with SOAand cloud computing, and also the techniques for connecting your current IT assets with new composite applications and data running in the cloud. This book will help you understand modern middleware technologies and harness the benefits of the cloud both on and off premises."
- Burley Kawasaki, Director of Product Management, Microsoft
"The authors have a combined SOA and .NET experience of several decades-which becomes obvious when reading this book. They don't just lead you down one path with a single descriptive solution. Instead, the sometimes nasty trade-offs that architects face in their design decisions are addressed. These are then mapped to the Microsoft .NET platform with clear code examples. Avery refreshing look at this major contender in the SOA space and a definite must for the .NET SOA practitioner!"
- Dr. Thomas Rischbeck, IT Architect, Innovation Process Technology
"In order to evolve as a software craftsman one must read excellent books that will help you grow and evolve in your profession. One of those books that every software craftsman interested in good design and best practices should read is SOA with .NET and Windows Azure. With this book, you will learn which design patterns will provide the best solution for the kinds of software design problems you, as a developer or designer, face every day. This book has everything that software architects, software designers, and programmers need to know when building great quality software with Microsoft technologies.
"This will undoubtedly be one of those books that you reference repeatedly when starting new SOA projects. There is plenty of information that even those not working with typical service-oriented architecture will find very useful. With plenty of real-life examples (code, design, and modeling), readers see in a practical manner how they could use SOA patterns to solve everyday software problems and be more productive. SOA with .NET and Windows Azure will fit in my top three books and will definitely be one of those that I will use in my everyday work."
- Arman Kurtagic, Consultant at Omegapoint AB
Table of Contents
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Chapter 2: Case Study Background
- Part I: Fundamentals
- Chapter 3: SOA Fundamentals
- Chapter 4: A Brief History of Legacy .NET Distributed Technologies
- Chapter 5: WCF Services
- Chapter 6: WCF Extensions
- Chapter 7: .NET Enterprise Services Technologies
- Chapter 8: Cloud Services with Windows Azure
- Part II: Services and Service Composition
- Chapter 9: Service-Orientation with .NET Part I: Service Contracts and Interoperability
- Chapter 10: Service-Orientation with .NET Part II: Coupling, Abstraction, and Discoverability
- Chapter 11: Service-Orientation with .NET Part III: Reusability and Agnostic Service Models
- Chapter 12: Service-Orientation with .NET Part IV: Service Composition and Orchestration Basics
- Chapter 13: Orchestration Patterns with WF
- Chapter 14: Orchestration Patterns with BizTalk Server
- Part III: Infrastructure and Architecture
- Chapter 15: Enterprise Service Bus with BizTalk Server and Windows Azure
- Chapter 16: Windows Azure Platform AppFabric Service Bus
- Chapter 17: SOA Security with .NET and Windows Azure
- Chapter 18: Service-Oriented Presentation Layers with .NET
- Chapter 19: Service Performance Optimization
- Chapter 20: SOA Metrics with BAM
- Part IV: Appendices
- Appendix A: Case Study Conclusion
- Appendix B: Industry Standards Reference
- Appendix C: Service-Orientation Principles Reference
- Appendix D: SOA Design Patterns Reference
- Appendix E: The Annotated SOA Manifesto
- Appendix F: Additional Resources


text:
June 18, 2012
Week in review: Jersey Earns Victory Against Reading
READING, Pa. – The Jersey Express took a 2-0 victory against Reading United at Albright College's Shirk Stadium on Sunday night. Joseph Ovenseri and Jerrod Laventure each scored second-half goals to hand Reading its first defeat of the season, and send the Express into first place in the Mid Atlantic Division.
Reading was on top for most of the first half, but was unable to take a lead before the break. The Express were able to take advantage of their opportunity on the hour-mark as Ovenseri drove a strike from 30 yards that dipped underneath the crossbar.
Ovenseri turned provider on the Express' second goal in the 77th minute as he made a good run down the left before cutting a cross back to Laventure in the center of the penalty area, allowing the forward to score his third goal of the season. It was Ovenseri's first assist of the season, adding to his six goals.
The Express will face another test Wednesday night as they host the Long Island Rough Riders, who continued to make a move up the standings with a 3-1 win against the New Jersey Rangers on Saturday night. The Rough Riders sit fourth in the division currently, but the top four sides, with Ocean City sitting third, are now separated by only four points as the teams enter the second half of the season.
RIVER CITY ROVERS 4, CHICAGO FIRE 0: The River City Rovers continued their push for the playoffs with a commanding victory as Dillon Tufty scored twice and added an assist in their victory against the Chicago Fire PDL at the Christian Academy of Louisville.
The Rovers were forced to withstand some first-half pressure by the Fire, with goalkeeper Oliver Brown making four of his seven saves before the break, but Chicago was unable to find a breakthrough. River City finally broke the deadlock in the 58th minute as Tufty opened the scoring, beating his defender before firing home.
River City then scored twice in four minutes to put the game away, with Tyler White getting his first goal of the season in the 71st minute. Tufty then assisted on Kyle Richards' goal three minutes later before adding his second in the final minute of the game, moving the Rovers into second place in the PDL's Great Lakes Division.
MICHIGAN BUCKS 1, FC LONDON 0: The Michigan Bucks maintained their undefeated start to the season, and their hold on top spot in the Great Lakes Division, with a victory against fellow playoff contender FC London at Ultimate Soccer Arenas.
The Bucks took the lead early, with Scott Caldwell scoring what proved to be the only goal of the game in the ninth minute, heading home a cross by Steven Miller. London had a chance to tie the game from the penalty spot after the halftime break, but Michigan goalkeeper Adam Grinwis was able to save Tom Owens' effort, keeping his side on top.
The Bucks could have added to their lead late on, Anthony Grant hitting the post and Tom Catalano having the rebound cleared off the line, but they were able to maintain their one-goal lead until the final whistle.
SOUTHERN WEST VIRGINIA KING'S WARRIORS 2, PALMETTO FC BANTAMS 0: Late goals by Harry Sherwood and Nago Mbengue gave the Southern West Virginia King's Warriors their first victory in the PDL as they defeated the Palmetto FC Bantams at Lander University.
Both goals came in the final 10 minutes, with the King's Warriors taking the lead from the penalty spot in the 83rd minute. Sherwood was able to convert, giving his side the lead. Five minutes later, Mbengue put the game away as the Bantams pressed for an equalizer, but Palmetto wasn't often able to test SWV goalkeeper Erik Mozzo, who had to make only two saves to record the shutout.
KITSAP PUMAS 3, SOUNDERS U23 0: The Kitsap Pumas moved back into the lead in the Northwest Division as they jumped past the Sounders FC U23 with a 3-0 victory at Cheney Stadium.
The Pumas took an early lead when Matt Friesen converted from the penalty spot in the 13th minute after a handball in the penalty area. After a claim by the Sounders for a penalty of their own was turned down, Kitsap doubled its lead in the 32nd minute after a well-worked free kick came to Ben Truax at the top of the penalty area, and his curling shot found the back of the net.
The Pumas extended their lead in the second half, as Zack Simpson's header off a long throw-in gave his side a three-goal advantage in the 56th minute. The Sounders tried to make a comeback, but Zac Lubin made a pair of key saves to record the shutout.
BALTIMORE BOHEMIANS 3, WESTCHESTER FLAMES 1: The Baltimore Bohemians took their first victory in the PDL as Chris Somerville, Peter Caringi and Michael Raley each scored in their victory against the Westchester Flames at Cedar Lane Park.
On a night when the club was honoring the 40th anniversary of the Baltimore Bays, Somerville opened the scoring in the 11th minute as he fired home a strike from the edge of the penalty area. The Bohemians then doubled their lead midway through the second half as Raley headed home Brian Graham's cross.
Baltimore also hit the crossbar before the halftime break, but did add their third 10 minutes into the second half as Caringi headed home Christian Barreiro's cross. While the Flames were able to pull one goal back through standout forward Jake Keegan in the 74th minute, they were unable to get any closer as the Bohemians closed out the victory.
OGDEN OUTLAWS 2, ORANGE COUNTY BLUE STAR 0: The Ogden Outlaws moved into third place in the Southwest Division standings as they took their second win in as many nights, defeating the Orange County Blue Star at Bonneville High School a day after taking victory against the Southern California Seahorses.
Both teams had chances, with the Blue Star out-shooting the Outlaws 14-8, but Ogden was able to take advantage of a pair of good first-half chances to take control of the game. Jesse Kupfer opened the scoring in the 22nd minute, and just five minutes later Daniel Burnham's deflected shot from distance found the back of the net.
The Outlaws had goalkeeper K.C. John to thank after the break, however, as he made six of his seven saves after the halftime break as Orange County pressed to get back in the game. Ogden held on, however, and moved within three points of the Ventura County Fusion and FC Tucson in the standings.
EL PASO PATRIOTS 2, AUSTIN AZTEX 1: Michael Griego's late strike gave the El Paso Patriots victory against the Austin Aztex at House Park, drawing even on points with their Mid South Division rival in a contest that saw both sides finish a man short.
After a scoreless first half, the Patriots took the lead five minutes after the break when Naoyas Aizawa split the Aztex's defense with a pass that found Sergio Villasenor, who finished. The Patriots were then reduced to 10 men just past the hour-mark as Guillermo Salas was sent off, giving the Aztex a chance to take advantage.
Austin appeared to have earned itself at least a point with fewer than 10 minutes remaining when Kris Trypak headed home a fine cross by Zack Pope to tie the game, but then the Aztex were also reduced to 10 men a minute later when Pedro Pereira was sent off. That set the stage for the dramatic ending, with Griego's second goal of the season keeping his side's pursuit of the playoffs on track.
VENTURA COUNTY FUSION 1, FC TUCSON 1: The Ventura County Fusion and FC Tucson finished deadlocked in their first meeting of the season at Ventura College as the top two teams in the Southwest Division remained tied on points.
Ventura County played with a man-advantage for the final hour of the contest after Tucson's Eli Galbraith-Knapp was sent off in the 30th minute, and tried to take advantage. The Fusion were able to take the lead five minutes after halftime when Kennedy Chongo's shot hit a Tucson defender's hand, and Francisco Lopez converted from the penalty spot.
Tucson was able to get back on even terms in the 61st minute, however, as Donny Toia headed home a corner by Max Alvarez. The Fusion continued to press forward with their numerical advantage, but Tucson's Brendan Roslund was equal to the challenge, making eight saves to earn his side a point.
THUNDER BAY CHILL 1, WSA WINNIPEG 0: A stoppage-time goal by Jose Altamirano gave the Thunder Bay Chill victory against WSA Winnipeg, their second of the weekend at the Winnipeg Soccer Complex.
The Chill, who remain on top of the Heartland Division, had an easier time of it on Saturday as they swept to a 4-0 victory as Altamirano's two assists, but on Sunday they were made to work for their victory by Winnipeg. Goalkeeper Tyson Farago had 15 saves for WSA, but was unable to prevent Altamirano's 94th-minute free kick from finding the back of the net, giving Thunder Bay victory and keeping it on course for the playoffs.
WORCESTER HYDRA 2, OTTAWA FURY 2: The Worcester Hydra got a late goal by Dylan Remick to earn a draw with the Northeast Division-leading Ottawa Fury at Commerce Bank Field at Foley Stadium. The Fury remain two points clear of the Seacoast United Phantoms, but were denied their third consecutive victory by the Hydra.
Michael Bustamante had give the Hydra the lead four minutes before halftime, but the Fury hit back after the break as William Beauge scored on the hour-mark to tie the game. Beauge, who had scored a stoppage-time winning in the Fury's 1-0 win against the Boston Victory the previous night, then added his second of the game in the 68th minute as he converted a chance created by Eddie Campbell.
The Hydra were reduced to 10 men in the 73rd minute as Colin Murphy was shown his second yellow card of the half, but they came close to tying the game six minutes later when they hit the post. Then with time winding down, Remick headed home Bustamante's corner to earn his side a point.


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ISACA conference to cover new risk framework
: 12 March, 2009
(Company News)
Risk IT Framework issued by the IT Governance Institute to form the basis of discussions to be held at the forthcoming ISACA Conference
Managing risk is an issue that all IT executives need to perform effectively especially in the current economic climate. To assist these executives with risk management, the IT Governance Institute (ITGI) will be issuing the new Risk IT framework, which will be discussed at ISACA's EuroCACS conference in Frankfurt next week. According to ISACA, a non-profit association serving 86,000 IT governance professionals, the top eight drivers for implementing a new Risk IT Framework are:
* The need for an accurate view on current and near-future IT-related risks
* The need for an end-to-end guidance on how to manage IT-related risks
* To get an understanding on how to capitalise on the investment made in an IT internal control system already in place
* To be able to integrate IT
Risk Management
with the overall risk and compliance structure within the enterprise
* The need to promote risk ownership (responsibility for risk) throughout the organisation
* To be able to make well-informed decisions about the extent of IT risk, the risk appetite and the risk tolerance of the organisation
* To be able to understand how to respond to IT risks
* To allow the organisation to make appropriate risk-adjusted decisions
Urs Fischer, ISACA/IT Governance Institute (ITGI) IT ERM Project Leader and Head of Corporate IT Governance and
Risk Management
at Swiss Life comments, 'Risk IT provides the missing link between enterprise
Risk Management
(ERM) and IT
Risk Management
and control, fitting in the overall IT governance framework of the IT Governance Institute and building upon all existing risk-related components within the
and Val IT frameworks.'
Urs Fischer will be discussing the need for
Risk Management
and ITGI's upcoming Risk IT framework at EuroCACs 2009, organised by ISACA from 15-18 March 2009 at the Intercontinental Hotel in Frankfurt, Germany.
Alongside Urs Fischer, Michael Morgenthaler, Deputy Data Protection Officer at SAP AG, will be looking at the contradictory requirements of data protection and privacy legislations at home and away, as well as how to manage and handle personal data under EU Laws.
Also in the IT
Risk Management
and Compliance stream, Adam Bosnian from Cyber-Ark will be discussing how to make privileged identities auditable in order to meet security policies and compliance regulations, giving real-world examples.
Adam Bosnian - VP Marketing and Product Development said, "With so many recent public breaches being attributed to badly managed privileged IDs and with the recent audit guidelines being introduced we are going to see companies and Government departments having to pay more attention to managing privileged IDs."
Other speakers in this stream include: Stephane Geyre, Corporate Head of
Risk Management
at Reed Elsevier; Gaelle Pertuiset, Corporate
Risk Management
at Reed Elsevier; and Stefan Weiss, Director of KPMG Germany.
EuroCACs will feature 40 sessions divided into four streams: Information Security, IT
Risk Management
and Compliance, IT Audit, and IT Governance.
EuroCACS attendees can also register for workshops on topics such as using the
and Val IT frameworks, and spreadsheet auditing.
The registration fee for the conference is US $2,374 for ISACA members and US $2,612 for nonmembers. Attendees can earn up to 40 continuing professional education hours.
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