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Can't decide what to wear? Try coming up with a frock from scratch. Michelle Griffin follows the creation of one dress from concept to cash register.
Daniel Besen, 38, grew up in retail, the youngest son of Marc and Eva Besen, who made their estimated $923 million fortune from the Sussan Group. His family's companies clothed everyone from teens (Sportsgirl) to nannas (Suzanne Grae). But it was still a big gamble when the lawyer, art collector and philanthropist, and his media analyst wife, Danielle Besen, 30, struck out on their own and bought the Saba label from the ailing 62-year-old Joseph Saba just under two years ago.
They acquired a small warehouse headquarters in Melbourne, 15 stores in four states and a brand that had once been the byword for sophisticated suits and knits. But the Besens also inherited steep challenges. In the new millennium, Saba had become the place people went to for heavily discounted knitwear. Nobody bought Saba retail when they knew it would be 50 per cent off in June and January.
Last year, Danielle, the creative director of the new Saba, was renovating her house and looking at art deco furniture. "I love the '30s and deco. They're my favourite eras," she says, with a nod to the Valentino bracelet - styled after the earlier movement in decorative arts, art nouveau - on her wrist.
"We were talking about the idea of film noir: what does 'noir' mean? Beautiful dresses, gorgeous coats. How did they dress? What type of accessories?"
The idea of producing a Saba dress influenced by the age of drop-dead glamour took a hold on the creative team. When we followed their progress and the evolution of one dress, every week was Fashion Week.
June 2003: developing the theme
Retailers start dreaming up fashion stories about a year ahead. Designer Yeojin Bae prepares a mood-board for autumn 2004. It's a black cardboard poster pasted up with images and catchphrases. There's a photocopy of 1940s screen siren Rita Hayworth in white satin. The word "glamour" in bold. Meanwhile, merchandise planner Amanda McCabe-Phillips calculates the budget. She reads trends through sales: how much Saba needs to spend on women's versus men's wear. She knows they need 2.5 tops in the range for every skirt or pair of pants. "I give them the framework," she says. "The designers apply the fashion ability." McCabe-Phillips likes the noir story for February 2004. "You need to provide people with their new blacks," she says.
August: choosing fabric
Bae always makes the print the hero of every fashion story she designs, the element that determines the colours and textures for the range. She collects vintage fabrics and files them in her office.
When sales representatives from a European mill visit Melbourne to drum up interest before Premiere Vision, the international fabric fair in Paris, they show Bae a transparent georgette with an art nouveau print, like swatches of William Morris wallpaper from a Bloomsbury home.
Bae loves the graphic black and beige, but didn't want the georgette. She wanted the pattern printed across a clingy-jersey knit fabric. The mill agrees, and Bae books the fabric on the spot. "As long as I booked the minimum amount, they were happy to let us have it exclusively for Australia. If you see something you like, you have to act quickly before everyone else has seen it," Bae says.
September: the research trip
The Besens head to the fabric fair in Paris. Danielle returns within a week, jetlagged but inspired. She's bought an old leather coat the colour of a porcelain plate, the perfect colour for the coat she wants in the range. "Vintage is a good source for interesting fabrics or elements. You might like a flower or a colour. When you're talking to China about something you want, the more physical stuff you can give them, the better."
Early October: the first dress
Bae prepares the fabric board with little swatches of lurex, wool, beaded crepes and delicate silks. She places a small strip of the art nouveau jersey next to a sketch of a drop-waisted tunic dress with a plunging V neck. It's an elongated version of a top that "was an absolute walk-out", Bae says. "It was obvious our customer knows how to wear this look."
Bae briefs Saba's pattern maker, Guy Culpin, on the dress. She wants it to fit tight across the hips but to drape softly down the torso. The sleeves must fit closely, with elongated cuffs. At a time when many in the industry prefer to draw their patterns on a computer, Culpin prefers to work with paper, pen and measuring tape, starting with the basic patterns all makers use to draft their ideas. "There's more poetic licence," Culpin says. "You can work in the real size - you can work freehand."
The first dress is made by sample machinist Ibi Farkash Farkash overlays the fabric with dotted paper to ensure that both the pattern and the grain of the weave are aligned. A simple dress like this can be fiendishly difficult to do well, with all those horizontal and vertical lines that demand perfect symmetry, even when the fabric is draped. It must be cut perfectly and sewn carefully, because the material will stretch and warp if it's unpicked.
Mid-October: the first fitting
"If we sample something more than three times, it's out," Danielle says. "There's obviously a problem with the garment." But everyone loves the art nouveau dress at the first fitting - the merchandising manager, the marketing department and, most importantly, the Besens.
Bae wants to tweak the look a little. She cuts the fabric at the shoulders, creating a halter detached from the neckline. Then she twists the sash around the neck. Voila! Two different looks.
At the end of October, marketing manager Amy Wotton sends the dress to Marie-Claude Mallat's fashion PR agency in Sydney so it can be offered to the glossy magazines for fashion spreads. In early November, the dress is borrowed for a photo shoot. Back at Saba, all the marketing department can do is wait and hope.
December: production
At the end of November, 450 metres of art nouveau jersey arrives from Italy, enough to giftwrap the warehouse. Each dress will require about two metres of fabric, so the production manager, Peronel Kennedy, calculates that there's sufficient to make 167 dresses and about 200 sleeveless tops. The design is entered into a computer program that will create the marker, a pattern that will show the manufacturers exactly where and how to cut the fabric to make the four sizes of the dress: 8, 10, 12 and 14. The dress sizes are calculated on a ratio of 2:4:2:1. That's roughly 40 size eights, 80 size 10s, 40 size 12s, and 20 or so size 14s. Any extra dresses will probably be made into size 10. About half of Saba's customers think they're size 10, says merchandise planner McCabe-Phillips.
She also decides on the price. The dress will retail for a serious $295. "It's a boutique price," McCabe-Phillips says. "But it's attainable for someone wanting some nice pieces in their wardrobe."
The fabric is shipped to a manufacturer in the Melbourne suburb of Brunswick for production over Christmas.
When the Besens first assumed control of Saba, the clothes were made in China, but they soon found that they couldn't produce the new look they wanted by mass producing overseas. "Here, you can see the garment and talk to the maker," Danielle says. "We found we couldn't create that by working overseas. We do small [numbers]. There's only 40 of that leather trench coat, but Chinese factories don't want to do 40. They want to do 4000."
Just two machinists make all 167 of the art nouveau dresses. Manufacturer Danny Tawk, who provides a lot of the more detailed piecework for Saba, explains that the best way to get consistency is to get one or two machinists to produce an entire run of a garment. "If I give a job to one maker and they give some of the work to another maker, when delivery time comes you find that nothing matches what you want. Every 100 garments or so is done differently."
January 2004: marketing the dress
In January, the winter catalogue is shot in a sleek home full of mid-century designer furniture, with a model with Rita Hayworth hair and femme fatale smoulder. "The catalogue is always aspirational," Wotton says.
"It's about the dream, so we don't always photograph things the way most people might wear them." That's for sure. The model is photographed with the front of the art nouveau dress gaping open, an amber pendant dangling between her breasts. "I knew immediately that it would be Yeojin's favourite shot," Wotton says.
February: the window display
The dresses have returned from the manufacturer and they're ready to be shipped to the stores.
Wotton and visual merchandise manager Linda Vergura plan to put the dress in the window, styled with a black bandeau underneath, a twist around the neck and a belt. It will sit between one of those porcelain-white leather trench coats and the lurex tunic styled with a funky pair of black pants.
Wotton and Vergura also plan the "landscape" of the noir story. The art nouveau dress goes at the front of the rack, followed by a dark suit that hangs low, then a couple of tops in different textures, then a pair of soft, grey tweed pants with a satin waistband. The landscape of a clothing rack has to lure the customer to look through the entire story. The art nouveau blouse, for those who aren't game to go the whole dress, is placed further down the rack. Anyone who wants to compare must move from beginning to end.
February 23: the debut
The dress makes its first appearance Monday morning in the window of every single Saba store in Victoria, NSW, Queensland and Western Australia. All the store managers know the drill. If someone picks up the dress, offer to take it to the changing rooms. Provide the customer with a little tank top to wear underneath. Show them how to twist the straps to create a halter-neck, how to sit the waistband to let the fabric drape across the body. Bring them the wide black trousers with the satin trim so they can see how it looks over trousers.
On Thursday afternoon, when the dress is only three days' old, the news comes in from Saba's flagship store in Melbourne's trendy Chapel Street - they've sold six dresses already.
"It's still a turnaround business," Danielle says, "and it's a big shift. But people are finally starting to see what we're doing."
April 23: the evolution
While only a small number of the original dress and top remain unsold (it has been equally as popular in Sydney and Melbourne), there are no plans to produce more. Stores begin taking delivery of the original cut in black and taupe, fabrics that are available for a quick turnaround. "With prints as unique and special as this one, we have a limited number and we don't do repeats," Daniel says. "Stock will be consolidated into a few stores, and it's hoped what remains will sell out before we go on sale."
"That dress rocks," says an assistant at Saba's Sydney Central Plaza outlet. "We've only got two left, both size 12."
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St. Jude Radiothon – Where Does the Money Go? [VIDEO]
It's the second day of our Annual St. Jude Radiothon, and we need you to join us in the fight against childhood cancer by becoming a Partner in Hope. But where does the money go when you commit that $20 per month to the kids fighting for life at St. Jude? Dixon Williams from ALSAC (the fundraising arm of St. Jude) joined me to explain.

subset: commoncrawl


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Site Map
Doppler Probes manufacturers, suppliers & dealers
Are you looking for Doppler Probes? IndustryStock.com's search engine will not only help you find relevant results for Doppler Probes but also related products and services. The contact details of all listed Doppler Probes manufacturers and dealers are freely accessible to all users.


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Selected Community Events
Discovery Center Veterans Day Messy Monday
Nov 18, 2012 11:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.
Discovery Center Museum: 711 N. Main St. Rockford, IL 61103
Join guest artist Cristi Kniess from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. as she guides children in creating works of art to take home! Messy Mondays are included with general admission.
Veterans Day November 18: Patriotic Pinwheels
Discovery Center Museum: (815) 963-6769


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Tetonia, ID
The smaller town of Tetonia, ID is found at the north end of Teton valley. This quiet town provides the most spectacular valley views of the Teton mountain range and the Grand Teton. Countless people pull over at the local gas station to take in the view and photograph the majestic mountains.
With under 300 residents within the city limits, Tetonia offers a rural feel with a handful of amenities. The basics are covered with a gas station, post office, restaurant, bar, city park and elementary school. Jump on the rails-to-trails path from town in the summer or winter to enjoy biking, skiing or snowmobiling north to Felt and beyond.
Grain elevators, silos, corralled horses and gravel roads in town speak to Tetonia's agricultural past and rural nature. The rodeo grounds are located just south of town for a good show during the 4th of July weekend.


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A section of the trail will be given a facelift as part of the huge project to create a route for riders and walkers.
The Pennine Bridleway will eventually link Derbyshire with Northumberland - a distance of 350 miles.
The first Dales section - the Settle Loop - opened last August. Now the stretch between Feizor and Austwick is being restored.


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So I am going to make a batch of the light whipped ganache. I says its good frozen for 3 months.
For thawing, do you recommend I put it in the refrigerator overnight the night before I use it? Or do you recommend leaving it on the counter (like I did the mousseline). I am hesitant, because it says it is good for only 1 day room temp (Which will be the day of serving) so I am cautious that If I leave it out overnight (or all day while i am at work) then it won' be good on serving day.
Basically, i am decorating the cupcakes tuesday night, putting them in the fridge and they will be picked up wed (kept in fridge), served on thursday. Any tips??


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1 Min Read
LOS ANGELES (Hollywood Reporter) - Zooey Deschanel, one of the stars of the soon-to-be-released "(500) Days of Summer," is joining the cast of the fantasy comedy "Your Highness."
"Highness," written by Ben Best and Danny McBride, centers on an arrogant, lazy prince (McBride) who must complete a quest to save his father's kingdom. Joining him on the quest is his more heroic brother (James Franco). Deschanel plays Belladonna, Franco's virginal bride.
Natalie Portman plays McBride's love interest, a warrior princess.
Director David Gordon Green ("Pineapple Express") begins shooting the Universal release this month in Northern Ireland.
Deschanel plays the title character in "Summer," which opens next week. The romance, which also stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt, has been generating hipster buzz since its unveiling at Sundance.
Editing by Sheri Linden at Reuters


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Snake Indians
Pictures & Records
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The Plea Of Crazy Snake
Chronicles of Oklahoma
Vol 11, No 3
Sep 1933
Pgs 899 - 911
The Plea Of Crazy Snake (Chitto Harjo)
By John Bartlett Meserve
"Down with him, chain him, bind him fast,
Slam the iron door and turn the key.
The one time Creek, perhaps the last
To dare declare "You have wronged me".
Defiant, stoical, silent,
Suffers imprisonment.
Such coarse, black hair; such eagle eye;
Such stately mien—how arrow-straight;
Such will; such courage to defy
The powerful makers of his fate.
A traitor, outlaw—what you will,
He is the noble red man still.
Condemn him and his kind to shame,
I bow to him, exalt his name."
The detention of Chitto Harjo (Crazy Snake) in the Federal jail at Muskogee in 1901 by the United States authorities, inspired these lines of tribute penned at the time by Alexander Posey, the famous dream poet of the Creeks. Chitto Harjo, most familiarly known as Crazy Snake and also known among the whites as Wilson Jones, was a full blood Creek Indian of the old, decadent type. After the collapse of the Green Peach War and the retirement of Isparhecher from public affairs, Harjo became the acknowledged leader of the discordant full blood Creeks who were opposing the allotment of tribal lands and the extinction of the tribal government. The dissatisfied Indians who rallied to Harjo's leadership were a mere handful compared with the entire tribal membership but were none the less determined to recapture and resume the primitive status and practices of a none too heroic past. The feeling was general among these malcontents that they had been wronged by the Government and there was a blend of much truth in their indictment that both spirit and law of past treaties had been wantonly violated and their cherished hereditary rights and immunities destroyed. In truth, and in fact, the United States treated the Indians like unwanted step-children throughout its early course of dealing with them.
The efforts which Harjo undertook in 1901 to establish a separate political status for his unyielding full blood followers at the old Hickory Stomp Grounds southeast of Okmulgee, were ill advised and farcical although undertaken with the utmost sincerity and good faith. The debacle was a tragic failure, Harjo and some of his militant associates were taken into custody by the military arm of the Government and indicted, tried and convicted in the Federal court, but were subsequently reprimanded and paroled by the court. Harjo was not wanting in the "courage to defy the powerful makers of his fate" but it had been a futile gesture.
During the succeeding five years, the allotment of the Creek tribal lands was accomplished and the tribal government completely extinguished, to all of which the sullen "Snake" Indians continued to be disinterested observers. They declined to make selections of their distributive shares of the tribal domain and arbitrary selections were made for each of them.
Late in the fall of 1906, a Special Senate Investigating Committee came to the old Indian Territory to investigate and report upon general conditions. Secretary of the Interior Garfield accompanied the committee which was composed of Senators Teller of Colorado, Clarke of Montana, Brandagee of Connecticut and Long of Kansas. Public hearings were held at the principal points in the Territory and on November 23rd, the committee opened a hearing in Tulsa. The meeting was held in the old Elk's lodge hall in the Seaman Building on West Third Street and when the session opened at ten o'clock the hall was packed to its capacity.
Chitto Harjo accompanied by perhaps a dozen of his associates occupied conspicuous front seats and the old warrior's presence being noted by the committee, he was accorded an opportunity to address the solons. Rising solemnly and with much deference, the "Snake" chief with the late David M. Hodge at his side as interpreter, advanced to the committee and with marked eloquence which held the committee and the spectators spellbound, delivered what might be said to be the last protest of an expiring race. The scene was dramatic and one which will ever linger in the annals of Tulsa. Harjo spoke calmly, used no gestures and with no hesitation for language to express himself.
"I will begin with a recital of the relations of the Creeks with the Government of the United States from 1861 and I will explain it so you will understand it. I look to that time—to the treaties of the Creek Nation with the United States—and I abide by the provisions of the treaty made by the Creek Nation with the Government in 1861. I would like to enquire what had become of the relations between the Indians and the white people from 1492 down to 1861?
"My ancestors and my people were the inhabitants of this great country from 1492. I mean by that from the time the white man first came to this country until now. It was my home and the home of my people from time immemorial and is today, I think, the home of my people. Away back in that time—in 1492—there was man by the name of Columbus came from across the great ocean and he discovered this country for the white man—this country which was at that time the home of my people. What did he find when he first arrived here? Did he find a white man standing on this continent then or did he find a black man standing here? Did he find either a black man or a white man standing on this continent? I stood here first and Columbus first discovered me.
"I want to know what did he say to the red man at that time? He was on one of the great four roads that led to light. At that time Columbus received the information that was given to him by my people. My ancestor informed him that he was ready to accept this light he proposed to give him and walk these four roads of light and have his children under his direction. He told him it was all right. He told him, 'The land is all yours; the law is all yours'. He said it is all right. He told him, 'I will always take care of you. If your people meet with any troubles, I will take these troubles away. I will stand before you and behind you and on each side of you and your people, and if any people come into your country I will take them away and you shall live in peace under me. My arms,' he said, 'are very long'. He told him to come within his protecting arms and he said, 'If anything comes against you for your ruin I will stand by you and preserve you and defend you and protect you.'
"'There is a law,' he said at that time, 'that is above every other law and that is away up yonder—high up—for,' said he, 'if any other town or nation or any other tribe come against you I will see through that law that you are protected. It does not make any difference to you,' he said, 'if as many as twelve other nations come against you or twelve other tribes come against you it will not make any difference for I will combine with you and protect you and overthrow them all. I will protect you in all things and take care of everything about your existence so you will live in this land that is yours and your fathers' without fear.' That is what he said and we agreed upon those terms. He told me that as long as the sun shone and the sky is up yonder these agreements shall be kept. This was the first agreement that we had with the white man. He said as long as the sun rises it shall last; as long as the waters run it shall last; as long as the grass grows it shall last. That was what it was to be and we agreed upon those terms. That was what the agreement was and we signed our names to that agreement and to those terms. He said, 'Just as long as you see light here; just as long as you see this light glimmering over us, shall these agreements be kept and not until all these things shall cease and pass away shall our agreement pass away.' That is what he said and we believed it. I think there is nothing that has been done by the people should abrogate them. We have kept every term of that agreement. The grass is growing, the waters run, the sun shines, the light is with us and the agreement is with us yet for the God that is above us all witnessed that agreement. He said to me that whoever did anything against me was doing it against him and against the agreement and he said if anyone attempted to do anything against me, to notify him for whatever was done against me was against him and therefore against the agreement. He said that he would send good men amongst us to teach us about his God and to treat them good for they were his representatives and to listen to them and if anyone attempted to molest us to, tell them (the missionaries) and they would tell him. He told me that he would protect me in all ways; that he would take care of my people and look after them; that he would succor them if they needed succor and be their support at all times and I told him it was all right and he wrote the agreement that way.
"Now, coming down to 1832 and referring to the agreements between the Creek people and the Government of the United States; what has occurred since 1832 until today? It seems that some people forget what has occurred. After all, we are all one blood; we have the one God and we live in the same land. I had always lived back yonder in what is now the State of Alabama. We had our homes back there; my people had their homes back there. We had our troubles back there and we had no one to defend us. At that time when I had these troubles, it was to take my country away from me. I had no other troubles. The troubles were always about taking my country from me. I could live in peace with all else, but they wanted my country and I was in trouble defending it. It was no use. They were bound to take my country away from me. It may have been that my country had to, be taken away from me, but it was not justice. I have always been asking for justice. I have never asked for anything else but justice. I never had justice. First, it was this and then it was something else that was taken away from me and my people, so we couldn't stay there any more. It was not because a man had to stand on the outside of what was right that brought the troubles. What was to be done was all set out yonder in the light and all men knew what the law and the agreement was. It was a treaty—a solemn treaty—but what difference did that make? I want to say this to you today, because I don't want these ancient agreements between the Indian and the white man violated and I went as far as Washington and had them sustained and made treaties about it. We made terms of peace, for it had been war, but we made new terms of peace and made new treaties. Then it was the overtures of the Government to my people to leave their land, the home of their fathers, the land that they loved. He said, 'it will be better for you to do as I want, for these old treaties cannot be kept any longer.' He said, 'you look away off to the West, away over backward and there you will see a great river called the Mississippi River and away over beyond that is another river called the Arkansas River.' And he said, 'you go way out there and you will find a land that is fair to look upon and is fertile, and you go there with your people and I will give that country to you and your people forever.' He said, 'Go way out there beyond these two rivers; away out the direction of the setting sun and select your land—what you want of it—and I will locate you and your people there and I will give you that land forever and I will protect you and your children in it forever.' That was the agreement and the treaty and I and my people came out here and settled on this land and I carried out these agreements and treaties in all points and violated none. I came over and located here.
"What took place in 1861? I had made my home here with my people and I was living well out here with my people. We were all prospering. We had a great deal of property here, all over this country. We had come here and taken possession of it under our treaty. We had laws that were living laws and I was living here under then laws. You are my fathers and I tell you that in 1861, I was living here in peace and plenty with my people and we were happy; and then my white fathers rose in arms against each other to, fight each other. They did fight each other. At that day Abraham Lincoln was President of the United States and our Great Father. He was in Washington and I was away off down here. My white brothers divided into factions and went to war. When the white people raised in arms and tried to destroy one another, it was not for the purpose of destroying my people at all. It was not for the purpose of destroying treaties with the Indians. They did not think of that and the Indian was not the cause of that Great War at all. The cause of that war was because there was a people that were black in skin and color who had always been in slavery. In my old home in Alabama and all through the south part of the Nation and out in this country, these black people were held in slavery and up in the North there were no slaves. The people of that part of the United States determined to set. The black man free and the people in the South determined that they should not and they went to war about it. In that war the Indians had not any part. It was not their war at all. The purpose of the war was to set these black people at liberty and I had nothing to, do with it. He told me to come out here and have my laws back, and I came out here with my people and had my own laws and was living under them. On account of some of your own sons—the ancient brothers of mine—they came over here and caused me to enroll along with my people on your side. I left my home and my country and everything I had in the world and went rolling on toward the Federal Army. I left my laws and my government; I left my people and my country and my home; I left everything and went with the Federal Army for my father in Washington. I left them in order to stand by my treaties. I left everything and I arrived in Kansas—I mean it was at Leavenworth where I arrived. It was a town away up in Kansas on the Missouri River. I arrived at Fort Leavenworth to do what I could for my father's country and stand by my treaties. There at Fort Leavenworth was the orator of the Federal Army and I went and fell before the orator of the Federal Army. It was terrible hard times with me then. In that day I was under the Sons of my father in Washington. I was with the Federal soldiers.
"I am speaking now of this orator in the Federal Army. I went and fell before him and I and my people joined the Federal Army because we wanted to, keep our treaties with the father in Washington. Things should not have been that way but that is the way they were. The father at Washington was not able to keep his treaty with me and I had to leave my country, as I have stated, and go into the Federal Army. I went in as a Union soldier. When I took the oath, I raised my hand and called God to witness that I was ready to die in the cause that was right and to help my father defend his treaties. All this time the fire was going on and the war and the battles were going on, and today I have conquered all and regained these treaties that I have with the Government. I believe that everything wholly and fully came back to me on account of the position I took in that war. I think that. I thought then and I think today that is the way to do—to stand up and be a man that keeps his word all the time and under all circumstances. That is what I did and I know that in doing so I regained again all my old treaties for the father at Washington conquered in that war and he promised me that if I was faithful to, my treaties, I should have them all back again. I was faithful to my treaties and I got them all back again and today I am living under them and with them. I never agreed to the exchanging of lands and I never agreed to the allotting of my lands. I knew it would never do for my people and I never could say a b c so far as that is concerned. I never knew anything about English. I can't speak the tongue. I can't read it. I can't write it. I and my people, great masses of them, are unenlightened and uneducated. I am notifying you of these things because your Government officials have told me and my people that they would take care of my relations with the Government and I think they ought to be taking care of them as they promised. He said that if anyone trespassed on my rights or questioned them to let him know and he would take care of them and protect them. I always thought that this would be done. I believe yet it will be done. I don't know what the trouble is now. I don't know anything about it. I think my lands are all cut up. I have never asked that be done but I understand it has been done. I don't know why it was done. My treaty said that it never would be done unless I wanted it done. That anything I did not want to be done contrary to that treaty would not be done. I never made these requests. I went through death for this cause and I now hold the release this Government gave me. I served the father faithfully and as a reward, I regained my country back again and I and my children will remain on it and live upon it as we did in the old time. I believe it. I know it is right. I know it is justice.
"I hear the Government is cutting up my land and is giving it away to black people. I want to know if this is so. It can't be so for it is not in the treaty. These black people, who are they? They are Negroes who came in here as slaves. They have no right to this land. It never was given to them. It was given to me and my people and we paid for it with our land back in Alabama. The black people have no right to it. Then can it be that the Government is giving it—my land—to the Negro? I hear it is and they are selling it. This can't be so. It wouldn't be justice. I am informed and believe it to be true that some citizens of the United States have title to land that was given to my fathers and my people by the Government. If it was given to me, what right has the United States to take it from me without first asking my consent? That I would like to know. There are many things that I don't know and can't understand but I want to understand them if I can. I believe the officers of the United States ought to take care of the rights of me and my people first and then afterwards look out for their own interests. I have reason to believe and I do believe that they are more concerned in their own welfare than the welfare of rights of the Indian—lots of them are. I believe some of them are honest men, but not many. A plan ought fiat to dispossess himself of all thought or wish to do me or my country wrong. He should never think of doing wrong to this country or to the rights of my people. After he has done that, then maybe he can do something for himself in that regard; but first he must protect the Indians and their rights in this country. He is the servant of the Government and he is sent here to, do that and he should not be permitted to do anything else.
"All that I am begging of you, Honorable Senators, is that these ancient agreements and treaties wherein you promised to take care of me and my people, be fulfilled and that you will remove all the difficulties that have been raised in reference to my people and their country and I ask you to see that these promises are faithfully kept. I understand you are the representatives of the Government sent here to look into these things and I hope you will relieve us. That is all I desire to say.'"
In response to, an interrogatory by the Chairman of the Committee, the old Indian responded, "Oh, yes, I am a farmer. I have a farm and a home there on it. I used to have horses and hogs and cattle but I have precious few left now. The white people have run all through me and over me and around me and committed all kinds of depredations and what I have left is precious few. I am here and stand before you today, my fathers, as a man of misery. I am here appealing to you to have the laws carried out."
Senator Teller of the Committee enquired of Mr. Hodge, the interpreter, "Do you believe that the old man is honest in his statements?" Mr. Hodge very readily and with emphasis answered, "Yes sir, he is as honest and straight forward and sincere in his statements as a living man can be."
After concluding his address, Harjo bowed low to the committee and retired from the hall with his followers.
A year later, Statehood came with its complement of new, untried State, District and County officials and the Indian had a new set of masters. Early in the summer of 1908, whisperings of another full blood Indian uprising began to drift in from the old Hickory neighborhood which seemed to indicate that the personal prowess of the new officials was going to be put to a test. Rumor had it that old Chitto Harjo had resumed the war path although the old Indian knew nothing about it until he learned that the State Militia was seeking for him. The worst that could be said of Harjo was that he had talked too much but he committed no overt act against the State in 1908. The old man disappeared rather than face a prejudiced public opinion in the new courts of the State. Timid settlers whose fears were aroused by the reports, appealed to the new sheriff of McIntosh County, to investigate and restore the majesty of the law, but the sheriff was too frightened even to investigate and called upon the new Governor for military aid in quelling the insurrection, which was purely an imaginary one. The State Militia boldly marched into McIntosh County and martial law was declared in the Hickory country and the search for old Crazy Snake began. They never did find the old, decrepit Indian but they did find a few peaceful full blood Creek Indians living quietly in their log cabins with no thought or purpose of fomenting any trouble. There was no Indian uprising nor insurrection by the Snake Indians in 1908 and no occasion for the spectacular display of the military arm of the State at that time. It does seem, however, that discovery was made that a pack of dogs unwarrantedly had chased a rabbit into the smoke house of a white settler and in digging the rabbit out, the dogs had caused the smoke house to collapse and the affair was laid to the door of Crazy Snake and his folks. From this incident the Smoked Meat Rebellion took its place in the early history of the State of Oklahoma and the State Militia marched down the hill again.
Little remains to be said of Chitto Harjo, the innocent cause of this state-wide panic. In Indian fashion, he just faded away, not as a fugitive from justice but because he was becoming too circumscribed by the white man and his individualistic practices. The old Indian just wouldn't civilize and so report has it that he died down in the Choctaw County about 1913—"a red man still".
Death Of Crazy Snake
NOTE:—After the escape of Crazy Snake from the officers, nothing was heard of him for three or four years and the report went out that he and some of his trusted followers had gone to Mexico, but it later developed that he had hidden himself away at the home of Daniel Bob, a full blood Choctaw, living in the Kiamichi Mountains. Fred Barde that well known and thoroughly reliable correspondent of the Kansas City Star, made some personal investigation about 1913 for the purpose of finding out what had become of the belligerent leader of the Creek full bloods, Chitto Harjo, and it was largely through his efforts that the facts concerning his death were established.
In order to keep history straight concerning the death of Crazy Snake, I will give some excerpts from the Barde story:
"The mystery of the disappearance of Chitto Harjo, or Crazy Snake, the noted leader of the Creek fullblood Indians known as Snakes, had been revealed. Chitto Harjo is dead. This fact only recently became known. For several years agents of the United States government sought patiently for news of Chitto Harjo. His friends and kinsmen shook their heads or stared blankly in fullblood fashion at their inquisitors. The full bloods keep their secrets from white men.
"Chitto Harjo died at the home of his old Choctaw friend, Daniel Bob, hidden away in the Kiamichi Mountains, seven miles from the little town of Smithville, where there has been a Choctaw settlement since 1829. His grave is in Daniel Bob's yard, where it was located by an agent of the United States Commissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes, several weeks ago.
"Daniel Bob gave this account of Chitto Harjo's last days through an interpreter, Jerry Samuel:
"Daniel received word shortly after the fight at Chitto Harjo's home to go to a point north of McAlester, where he found Chitto with a bad wound in his hip. Charles Coker, Chitto's full-blood lieutenant, had been shot through the chest during the fight. Coker, while escaping, is said to have killed the two deputy sheriffs. Both Chitto and Coker said that the officers fired without warning, the moment that Chitto and Coker appeared at the door.
"The journey to Daniel Bob's home was along a secluded route. Chitto was unable to ride his horse without great pain, so they rode half a day and rested half a day. The party passed through old South McAlester, thence north of Wilburton, and through the Winding Stair Mountains by the old road leading from Wilburton to the Kiamichi river, through the Kiamichi Mountains a narrow trail was followed to the head waters of Eagle Fork, and thence round the edge of Bobtukle Mountain by a seldom used deer trail to the home of Daniel Bob. The party was composed of Chitto, Coker, Daniel Bob, and Anderson Harris, of Lukfata.
"Spring has passed four times since Chitto Harjo was laid to rest in his grave-house at the home of Daniel Bob. He died in a foreign land—the Choctaw country, for such a fullblood would consider any spot outside the boundaries of his tribal lands. His abandoned home in the Creek Nation, valued at several thousand dollars, forced the Federal government to persevere in its search for Chitto, and only the most assiduous inquiry led to his location.
"Daniel Bob, in Indian fashion, dictated a letter to the writer that for simplicity and directness belongs to Homeric times. It reads:
"There was a man by the name of Chitto Harjo were came over here at my place.
"He were stay here while, and he got down in April 5, 1911, and the last few days of his life were spent in bed. One morning in April 11, 1911, at 10 o'clock, his life passed from away.
"In this April 5, he get down that with indeed distress, as the gunshot wound in his hip, and had died.
"Than we laid him good in my house yard. That where he lie in grave.
"This is all about Chitto Harjo death at my place".
A pathetic story, and true to the ways of the full-bloods of which Chitto was so typically representative. It is reminiscent of a poem by the late Alexander Posey, the Creek poet, "Hotgun on the death of Yadeka Harjo":
"Well so, "Hotgun he say,
"My ol'-time frien', Yadeka Harjo, he
Was died the other day,
An' they was no ol'-timer left but me.
"Hotulk Emathla he
was go to be good Injin long time 'go,
An' Woxie Harjoche
Been dead ten years or twenty, maybe so.
All had to die at las';
I live long time, but now my days was few;
'Fore long poke-weeds an' grass
be growin' all aroun' my grave-house, too."
"Wolf Warrior he listen close,
An' Kono Harjo pay close 'tention, too:
Tookpafka Micco he almos'
Let his pipe go out a time or two."
- Oklahoma, USA
- 9/1933
Snake Band Dream Of New Choctaw Nation In Mexico
Snake Band Dream Of New Choctaw Nation In Mexico
By Len Green Bishinik
May 1979
Pages 8-9
(From the web page: Copyright © Michael L. Boucher, Sr, 1997-2012)
Our educated people tell us that the white man came to this country to avoid conditions which were not as bad as the present conditions are to us: that he come across the great ocean and sought new homes on order to avoid things which to him were distasteful and wrong.
"All we ask is that we may be permitted to exercise the same privilege. While some of our people might choose to remain here and mingle with the white man, we believe that the Great Father of All created the Indian to fill a proper place in the world and that he has the right to exist as a race." These words were uttered by Choctaw leader Jacob B. Jackson to a delegation of United States Congressmen in Washington, D.C. in 1906. His plea fell upon deaf ears. The request was being made by Jackson and a delegation of Choctaws for the right of a group of some 2,000 Choctaw Indian full-bloods to sell their holdings which are now a port of Oklahoma (mostly in McCurtain County) for the purpose of purchasing land for a new Choctaw Nation in Mexico.
To understand the plea being made by Jackson and the tenor of the times, we must go back to 1893, when the United States Government authorized Sen. William B. Dawes to get up the Dawes Commission to treat with the Indians and cajole or force them to submit communal control of Indian lands and breaking up such lands into individual allotments. In order to "break the back of" the Choctaw Nation, the United States had to accomplish two things. One of these was to force the Choctaw to change his form of government from "horizontal" to "vertical," copying the European governments and to end the so-called "common ownership" of land. The change from "horizontal" to "vertical" government had been accomplished over a long period of years, beginning with the first written Choctaw Constitution in 1826 (not accepted by the tribe) down through the Constitution of 1860 which finally conformed to the form desired by the U.S. Government.
For, with the Constitution of 1860, the Choctaws fully embraced the European form of vertical" government, with a Principal Chief and downward "chain of command" thus ending much of the Choctaw's individual power within his government. However, the Choctaws still held fast to their belief that the land belonged to no one and everyone ... that the land was brother to man and with man's sister...the water...was placed here for the use of anyone and everyone in keeping with his or her needs and desires.
In 1894, the Choctaws had elected a strong anti-allotment Principal Chief in Jefferson Gardner, who successfully strangled the efforts of the Dawes Commission for the next two years by simply ignoring them. However, elements within Gardner's own party did not approve of his methods, and as a result the party officially called the National Party but better known as the "Buzzards" split. Meeting at Tuskahoma in the fall of 1895, one branch of the National Party changed its name to the Independent Party, and nominated Jefferson Gardner for re-election and a second term as Principal Chief.
Then in February of 1896, the other branch of the National Party, made up mostly of full-bloods who resented the leadership of mixed-bloods, met in Atoka and nominated Jacob B. Jackson who was at that time serving as national secretary. In March of 1896, the Progressive Party, popularly known as the "Hawks," met in Talihina and attempted to nominate Gilbert W. Dukes as their standard bearer to challenge the two conservative or "hard-shelled" candidates. However, since this action did not sit too well with some elements of the Progressive Party, they decided to break with the "Hawks," and met in May of 1896 in Tuskahoma, naming their "new" group the Tuskahoma Party and choosing Green McCurtain, a known pro-allotment force, as their candidate.
When all the votes had been counted after the August 1896 election, Green McCurtain held 1,405 votes, Jacob Jackson had received 1,195, Gilbert Dukes had polled 613 votes and the incumbent, Jefferson Gardner, had received 596.
Because McCurtain represented those wishing to deal with the Dawes Commission and his national secretary, Jacob Jackson, opposed any dealings with Dawes, McCurtain's first move was to oust Jackson from office and replace him with Solomon J. Homer. Green McCurtain then led a delegation of Choctaws to South McAlester to meet on Nov. 11, 1896, with the Dawes Commission to "talk the situation over." In addition to McCurtain, this delegation included J. S. Standley, N. B. Ainsworth, Amos Henry, A. S. Williams, Wesley Anderson, D. C. Garland, E. N. Wright and Ben Hampton.
As a result of the McAlester meeting, the delegation recommended to the General Council that the Choctaw Nation enter negotiations with the Dawes Commission and Chief McCurtain was empowered by the Council to enter such negotiations. This led to another meeting on April 1, 1897, between the Choctaw Delegation and the Dawes Commission in Atoka, and on April 23, the "Atoka Agreement" was signed by Green McCurtain and his fellow delegates. The Atoka Agreement provided that Choctaw lands would be allotted, that the Choctaws might reserve townsites and certain mineral rights and that the tribal government could continue to operate but only within specified limits to be set by the United States Government. At a special session of the Choctaw Council, meeting in Tuskahoma, the Atoka Agreement was ratified by a 13-6 vote in the House of Representatives and a 6-4 vote in the Choctaw Senate.
In the meantime up in the Creek Nation, Chito Harjo [sic], a Creek Indian who become popularly known by the white man as "Crazy Snake" because he used a coiled rattle snake as the symbol of effort, was beginning what was to become known as the "Snake Rebellion."
Insisting that the Dawes Commission had no authority to force the Indians to give up their tribal governments or allot tribal lands, Horjo [sic] traveled among other tribes enlisting support for his efforts. Soon, most of the major tribes living in the so-called Indian Territory (now eastern Oklahoma) had formed a "Snake Band," made up principally of full-bloods who still embraced the "old ways" and opposed allotments and an end of self-government.
Meeting at Smithville, about 600 Choctaws formed the initial Snake Band, electing Jacob B. Jackson as Chief and naming J. C. Folsom, S. E. Coe, Saul Folsom and Willis Jones to the Snake Council. Jackson owned a home and store at a post he called Hocha Tahli (later Hochatown), and most of the activities of the Choctaw Snake Bond were planned and implemented from that area.
In 1898, the National Party did not nominate a candidate for Principal Chief. The Tuskahoma Party nominated Green McCurtain for a second term and the Union Party chose Wilson N. Jones as its standard bearer. McCurtain won. Two years later, in the elections of 1900, the Snake Band, now about 2, 000 strong, reactivated the old National Party, and naturally nominated Snake Chief Jacob B. Jackson as its candidate.
Jackson had confirmed his leadership in the Snake Rebellion in 1897-98 by leading a group of Choctaws to Mexico where they talked with the Mexican government about relocating the Choctaw Nation from the United States to Mexico. Negotiations had even reached a point that Jackson and his delegation was willing to sell to the tribe. In addition, the Mexican government pledged that they would allow the Choctaws self-rule, and would see that non-Indians stayed outside the boundaries of the proposed "Choctaw Nation of Mexico."
Since the Constitution of 1860 provided that a chief might serve only two consecutive terms, the Tuskahoma Party nominated Gilbert W. Dukes to succeed Green McCurtain. The Union Party nominated E. N. Wright. But in the August 1900 elections, the Tuskahoma Party hold enough power to elect Dukes over Jackson and Wright, but not by a clear majority. The polarization continued for the next two years, so much so that in 1902 the National Party (or Snake Party) did not even attempt to nominate a candidate for Principal Chief and did not participate in the election.
Over the objections of Gilbert W. Dukes, who felt that he should be allowed to seek a second term, the Tuskahoma Party abandoned him and again turned to Green McCurtain as its candidate. Because of what he considered ill treatment at the hands of the Tuskahoma Party, when the Progressive Party nominated Thomas W. Hunter, Gilbert Dukes threw his support to Hunter.
Balloting was held as usual on the third Wednesday in August, but when the ballots arrived at Tuskahoma, Chief Dukes ordered them locked into a shed and apparently never had them counted. At the request of the Tuskahoma Party, U.S. Army troops from Fort Reno, under the command of Major Starr, were dispatched to Tuskahoma to supervise the counting of the votes. In the meantime, outgoing Chief Gilbert Dukes hood [sic] appointed Thomas W. Hunter as Principal Chief and called the General Council into early session in an effort to get them to confirm his appointment.
When the votes were finally counted, Green McCurtain had received 1,645 votes and Hunter had received 956. This was the last time that the Choctaws would elect a Principal Chief until 1971.
In the meantime, the Snake Council and Chief Jacob B. Jackson were continuing to promote the idea of relocating the Choctaw Nation from the Indian Territory to Mexico. So it was that in early 1906, armed with petitions carrying the names of more than 2, 000 Choctaws (mostly full-bloods), Snake Chief Jacob Jackson led a delegation to Washington, D.C. His proposition was simple. Instead of allotting the land of the petitioners, the United States government would buy it and Jackson and his followers would take that money and use it to purchase a new homeland in Mexico. Despite Jackson's impassioned and logical pleas, the United States government refused and informed Jackson and his followers that they would receive individual allotments as would all Indians residing in the Indian Territory.
In the meantime, Chito Harjo [sic], the leader of the Snake Rebellion come under attack at his home far up in the Creek Nation, and was grievously wounded when a "posse" attacked his home. Since a well-meaning "friend" had enrolled Harjo against his wishes and since he feared to return to his own home, "Crazy Snake" somehow made his way all the way from the Creek Nation to the home of his friend, Charles Babb, about four miles south of Smithville. Possibly because of the bullet fragments still in his leg or because of the long forced trip, Harjo's wounds failed to heal properly, yet he continued to live for almost two years as a guest of Charles Babb. Early in 1910, Chito Harjo [sic] died at the Babb home, without ever again seeing his wife or his children, and was buried in the Babb family cemetery south of Smithville. Several years ago, the Oklahoma Historical Society placed a granite marker on Harjo's grove, which stands in the front yard of a home not far from Smithville.
After his failure to earn his people a new nation in Mexico, Jacob B. Jackson returned to his home, now a 160 acre allotment near Hochatown, and quietly lived out his remaining years.
- Oklahoma, USA
- 8/1979
Created: August 27, 2009 · Modified: July 11, 2013
Only the original contributor of the page can edit this page.


text:
The Food Bank of El Dorado County is proud to announce the first ever Tackle Hunger football game in El Dorado County.
The game will match up two of the area league pigskin powerhouses on Friday night, Oct. 19. The Oak Ridge Trojans host the Ponderosa Bruins to partner with the Food Bank in this event to benefit El Dorado County's most at risk children, seniors and families.
"Oak Ridge High School is proud to partner with the Food Bank of El Dorado County to support those in need within our county," said Oak Ridge Principal Steve Wehr. "We hope everyone will come out and enjoy a great night of football and support a worthy cause at the same time on Oct. 19."
While the 2012 Tackle Hunger game has been the brainchild of Wehr, Ponderosa is very excited to be part of this event as well, according to Ponderosa Principal Lisa Garrett.
"This charitable event is a wonderful opportunity to come together in support of families in need from within our own community," she said. "When students and community unite to help fight hunger and poverty, blessings occur to those on the receiving and the giving end. In the end, it is all about the people and the relationships we are able to build and maintain. We are most fortunate to be in this together."
The inaugural Tackle Hunger game will be the second fundraising event this year in which Oak Ridge High School has partnered with the Food Bank of El Dorado County. In the spring the El Dorado Hills school participated in the Food Bank's Change Challenge program and raised several thousand dollar in just a few days.
Mike Sproull, executive director of the Food Bank of El Dorado County, said he has witnessed the continued support from the students and staff of Oak Ridge High School — one of many schools in the area that participates in the KCRA Kids Can Food Drive which kicks off the same week as the upcoming big game.
"I am very excited regarding the Tackle Hunger football game in 2012," Sproull said. "In a time when everyone is struggling for funding, Stephen Wehr, principle of Oak Ridge High School, continues to stress the importance regarding the community supporting El Dorado County's at risk population. Together we can make a difference to our neighbors who struggle to put food on the table."
The Food Bank of El Dorado County is asking the community to get involved with the Tackle Hunger football game. Members of the business community are welcome to make event donations and sponsors the game, which will publicize their support of the Food Bank of El Dorado County and the Tackle Hunger game, an event that is sure to grow bigger each year between Oak Ridge and Ponderosa.
Mark your calendars and bring your friends and family to Trojan Stadium at Oak Ridge to show your support for the Food Bank of El Dorado County and the local youth athletes who are committed to bring hunger awareness to a new venue with this football game.
For additional information on the Food Bank of El Dorado County visit foodbankedc.org or like us on Facebook. If you would like to get involved with the Tackle Hunger game send an e-mail to [email protected]


text:
106 100 LAVAL St, Maillardville, Coquitlam, BCMLS®#: V992168
Listing Overview
- Property Valuesold for
- Sold on 2013-05-11
- Property Address106 100 LAVAL St, LAVAL PLACE, Maillardville, Coquitlam, BC, V3K 6N2, Canada
- TypeTownhouse
- Style4 Level Split
- ParkingSingle Garage with One Open Stall
- Year Built1990
- Taxes$2,170
- Living Area1,357 sq.ft.
- Bedrooms3
- Bathrooms2 full & 1 half
- School DistrictCoquitlam
- Maintenance Fee$266.99/mo.
106 100 LAVAL St, LAVAL PLACE, Maillardville, Coquitlam, BC, V3K 6N2, Canada
DO NOT MISS OUT ON THIS ONE!! Bright and spacious 3 bedroom, 3 bathroom updated Townhouse centrally located in Coquitlam. Great quiet location! Beautiful laminate floors, stainless steel appliances in the kitchen and 2 inch blinds throughout. Kitchen boasts plenty of white cabinets, double stainless steel sinks, tile backsplash and adjacent eating area. Sought after open concept living/dining area has an electric fireplace and access to the sunny grassy backyard with garden and patio area perfect for barbecuing! Ample sized bright master bedroom has a lovely 4 piece ensuite bathroom and a bay window overlooking the backyard. All bedrooms feature laminate floors; two out of the 3 bedrooms could be used as the master suite as they both have ensuite bathrooms! Balcony off of one of the bedrooms creates added living space! Plenty of storage including the spacious crawl space. BONUS in suite laundry! Call today to view!
Clothes Washer/Dryer/Fridge/Stove/Dishwsher, Drapes/Window Coverings, Garage Door Opener, Security System, Windows - Thermo.
In suite Laundry. Close to Shopping, movie theatres, transportation, highway access.
Listing Provided By
RE/MAX All Points Realty Grp.
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The data relating to real estate on this web site comes in part from the MLS Reciprocity program of the Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver. Real estate listings held by participating real estate firms are marked with the MLSR logo and detailed information about the listing includes the name of the listing agent. This representation is based in whole or part on data generated by the Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver which assumes no responsibility for its accuracy. The materials contained on this page may not be reproduced without the express written consent of the Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver. Copyright 2017 by the Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver, Fraser Valley Real Estate Board, Chilliwack and District Real Estate Board, BC Northern Real Estate Board, and Kootenay Real Estate Board. All Rights Reserved.
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- #101 - 1020 Austin Ave
- Coquitlam, BC


text:
On Wed, Feb 1, 2012 at 12:08 AM, Danny O'Brien <email@example.com> wrote:

 Upcoming consensus items -- SuperQ would like reimbursement for
 wireracks, Shannon would like NB to pay $100 for new keys.

I had a key, but I lost my key privileges because of that one night when I ate all of someone else's frozen burritos. Yep, that night. I was hungry.

 J/k.

I've actually never had a key to Noisebridge. I want one! Everyone says they're just the thing, "makes opening the front door so much easier," and easy to get. I guess I just haven't been hanging with the right crowd.

Probably for the best - it sounds like they're pretty expensive, anyway.

And those burritos were actually mine. I'm over it. They sucked anyway. Foodsco at its most Unspectacular.


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">   <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type">   Well, for any of you who've not played with the KPorts PBI yet, it's a bit shaky and buggy. It also doesn't support anything past 7-CURRENT out of the box but I managed to *coax* it to use 8.2-CURRENT by manually changing stuff in the config under Settings > Configure KPorts. I did encounter a major issue after setting things up though. For me, after running "Update Vulnerability Db", it more or less crashes either on startup or after trying to run Configure KPorts. It's also not liking it when you run Update Port-Directory as it throw the error: Command 'cvsup -l -g -L 1/home/Art/kports/ports-supfile && echo kports_success' not found. After that, you can view the log detail and it states: kdesu: WARNING: Daemon not safe (not sgid), not using it. cvsup: not found.

 As I said, after running "Update Vulnerability Db, for me, it often crashes either on startup or after running Configure KPorts, I am seeing the following when it crashes:

 Crash on startup:

 [New Thread 309835c0 (LWP 100213)]
 [New Thread 29a01140 (LWP 100304)]
 [Switching to Thread 309835c0 (LWP 100213)]
 [KCrash handler]
 #6 0x2969366b in thr_kill () from /lib/libc.so.7
 #7 0x29642916 in pthread_kill () from /lib/libthr.so.3
 #8 0x29640393 in raise () from /lib/libthr.so.3
 #9 0x297366ca in abort () from /lib/libc.so.7
 #10 0x29586a10 in __gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler ()
 from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
 #11 0x2958b21a in std::set_unexpected () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
 #12 0x2958b262 in std::terminate () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
 #13 0x2958b15a in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
 #14 0x295dfcfe in operator new () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
 #15 0x29198001 in QString::QString () from /Programs/kports/lib//libqt-mt.so.3
 #16 0x2919f166 in QString::mid () from /Programs/kports/lib//libqt-mt.so.3
 #17 0x291ac71c in QStringList::split ()
 from /Programs/kports/lib//libqt-mt.so.3
 #18 0x2919fd2b in QString::section () from /Programs/kports/lib//libqt-mt.so.3
 #19 0x08085654 in QBsdPortGlobal::findAllAvailableBin ()
 #20 0x080784f8 in T_function::run ()
 #21 0x28e6bade in QThreadInstance::start ()
 from /Programs/kports/lib//libqt-mt.so.3
 #22 0x2963c73f in pthread_getprio () from /lib/libthr.so.3
 #23 0x00000000 in ?? ()

 Crash Details:

 Output logged from stdout
 =========================

 Output logged from stderr
 =========================

 firstrun
 ASSERT: "i <= nodes" in /Programs/kports/include/qvaluelist.h (373)
 ASSERT: "i <= nodes" in /Programs/kports/include/qvaluelist.h (373)
 ASSERT: "i <= nodes" in /Programs/kports/include/qvaluelist.h (373)
 ASSERT: "i <= nodes" in /Programs/kports/include/qvaluelist.h (373)
 terminate called after throwing an instance of 'St9bad_alloc'
 what(): std::bad_alloc
 KCrash: Application 'kports' crashing...
 Locale: "en"

 I'm guessing that because the PBI is based on version 0.6.1 and the last version out there is 0.8.2, there's a lot of bugs and missing support between the two version. Oh well, just my 2 cents.

 Arthur


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Back in October, my friend Beth, a cat lover of the highest order, told me about a kitty her friend found shivering behind a restaurant here in Rochester, NY. Beth's friend brought the kitty home, named him Gibbs, and took him to the vet, where she found out he has feline leukemia. That means he can't live with her other cats, so he needs to find a home that either has no cats or other FeLV positive kitties.Right now, Gibbs is living in this kind hearted cat rescuer's spare bathroom, where h … [Read more...]
Featured rescue animal in need of a home: Gibbs, the FeLV positive kitty
Featured Shelter Pet: Luke, the English Foxhound & Australian Cattle Dog
In honor of National Shelter and Rescue Appreciation Week, here is another adoptable pet (courtesy of DogTime Save A Dog!):Luke is one of five dogs in the Mutts With Manners program, part of the Danville-Boyle Co. Humane Society (DBCHS) in Danville, KY. According to the DBCHS website, ten inmates and 5 shelter dogs work together for 6 weeks with a professional trainer, prison staff and volunteers to provide the dogs with basic obedience training, socialization, behavior modification, and … [Read more...]
Featured Shelter Pet: Meet Tycoon the Maine Coon
In honor of National Shelter (and Rescue) Appreciation Week, meet Tycoon! He's a Maine Coon cat and he has the papers to prove it.Tycoon is a gorgeous purebreed (with papers) red mackeral tabby Maine Coon being fostered by a family in West Milford, NJ. Although he is shy, he's a super sweet affectionate boy. He loves dogs, but is terrified of children and is looking for a "furever"home where he can be the only cat.You can learn more about Tycoon by contacting Adrienne at s … [Read more...]
Blind dog and her faithful companion are a great pair of Great Danes looking for a great home
If you're on Facebook, chances are you've seen the lovely photo making the rounds of two Great Danes, one blind and the other leading her by a leash. It's a sweet photo but I did a little digging and found that the story is also bittersweet.Lily(5) and Maddison (6) are Great Danes who were brought to the Dog Trust Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England, in July because their owner couldn't care for them. When Lily was 18 months old, doctors removed her eyes after she developed a condition called ent … [Read more...]
Friday Food For Thought, from Suzanne Clothier
"The leading cause of death in dogs in Western countries is behavior - unacceptable, uncontrollable, inappropriate behavior. Not disease. Not being hit by a car. Not neglect or abuse (though an argument could be made that a failure to train a dog so that he can act appropriately is precisely a form of neglect and abuse). If we fail to develop a high quality of connection with our dogs, we may fail them in the most terrible of ways, and they may pay for our failure with their lives." - Suzanne … [Read more...]


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Learning that Joe blames Katherine for Michael Jackson's death, Katherine's lawyer Adam Streisand says, 'The world also knows who Joe Jackson is and he seems bent on never letting us forget.'
Lawyer for Michael Jackson's mother Katherine Jackson has taken a jab at Joe Jackson who recently blamed his wife for Michael's death. Katherine's lawyer, Adam Streisand, told TMZ that Joe's attack was nothing but a reckless and untrue comments.
"The world knows that Mrs. Jackson has always been a loving mother and grandmother, and that she and Michael had a very special relationship," Adam told TMZ. "The world also knows who Joe Jackson is and he seems bent on never letting us forget."
Also standing for Katherine over Joe's allegation, lawyer for the Michael Jackson estate, Howard Weitzman, insisted, "The inference by Joe Jackson that Mrs. Jackson was in any way responsible for Michael's death is preposterous. Katherine Jackson was a supportive and loving mother throughout Michael's life. His love and respect for her is reflected in his estate plan."
Joe Jackson, whose name was not included in Michael's will, recently shared to Britain's News of the World on the reason why he refused to comfort Katherine when the King of Pop died. "Katherine was weeping uncontrollably and highly upset (when he died)," Joe stated. "But I didn't give her a hug because I was mad at her crying."
"I said, 'If you had listened to me Michael would be living now!' I kept thinking about the times I had stood in front of her saying something was wrong," Joe continued. "I couldn't bottle up my feelings. Katherine didn't say a word - I had to get away from her. If she'd done what I asked Michael would be here today. I am incensed with her. She could have made a difference."


text:
Barton Creek Resort & Spa - Austin, TX
Value Season:
January 1 - February 28, 2017
June 1 - August 31, 2017
December 1 - December 31, 2017
Shoulder Season:
September 1 - September 30, 2017
November 1 - November 30, 2017
Peak Season:
March 1 - May 31, 2017
October 1 - October 31, 2017
*Blackout dates apply and rates may fluctuate based on time of year. Blackout dates include holidays and citywide events.
- Barton Creek is home to four championship Courses designed PGA celebrities like Ben Crenshaw, Arnold Palmer and Tom Fazio
- Was ranked in the top 100 best golf resorts in the US by Conde Nast Traveler
- Enjoy golfing like you never have before!
Barton Creek Resort & Spa sets a standard of excellence for all Austin golf resorts.
Experience the #1 and #2 rated Texas golf courses at our luxury golf resort that boasts four challenging courses, quality service, and breathtaking scenery.
Designed by the masters of the game, Barton Creek's 4 championship courses are a tribute to the game of golf and the rugged beauty of the Hill Country in Austin, Texas.
Essential Information:
Important Note:
Rates listed are valid for the 2017 season only. Bookings beyond December 31, 2017 may require additional charges due to seasonal rate increases.
Unlimited Golf Package Includes:
- 2 night minimum required
- Unlimited golf on any available course including on the day of arrival and replays (pending availability)
- Shared cart and unlimited use of the practice facilities
- Two bottles of water per round
- Luxurious Texas Classic room accommodation and daily full American breakfast or breakfast buffet in the Hill Country Dining Room
- Daily Resort Charge of 15% and a Daily State Tax of 6%
- Daily Resort Charge includes: toll free credit card and local calling, fitness center and steam room access, gratuities for doorman, luggage handling, golf bag handling, housekeeping services, transportation within the resort, use of fitness centers, pools, nature trails, miniature golf as well as self parking, in-room coffee and tea, and a daily newspaper- Sundays upon request, in addition to service charges for food, beverage and spa amenities included in the package.
Important Information
- Check-in is at 4:00 PM and Check-out is at 12:00 PM
- Closest airport: Austin-Bergstrom Int'l Airport - 6 miles
Varies per the option selected. For packages longer than the ones listed, please contact Cloud 9 Living directly for pricing.
Maximum Participants:
There is a 4 person limit per tee time with a maximum of 12 golfers per reservation. For groups of 13 people of more, please contact Cloud 9 Living directly for pricing.
Spectators are not allowed on the golf course.
Weather Dependent:
This experience is weather dependent. Always contact the Experience provider with any questions regarding weather conditions.
What to Wear:
All golfers must wear proper golf attire, including golf slacks or golf shorts and spike-less golf shoes. Men must wear collared shirts and women must wear appropriate golf shirts. Players not conforming to this policy may not be given access to the course. Gentleman may also be required to wear a jacket while dining at certain restaurants within the resort.
Booking Information:
It is recommended to make hotel and golf reservations at least 14 days in advance.
Cancellation Policy:
Once you have received a booking confirmation, cancellations are allowed up to 14 days prior to the Experience. Failure to appear on your booked date or to cancel and rebook at least 14 days prior to your booked date will result in the loss of the value of your Experience. Tee times must be canceled 72 hours in advance to avoid forfeiture of full recreation charges.
Experience ID:
Other San Antonio Gift Ideas:(View all 24 San Antonio experiences)
- Gift CertificatesFrom: $50.00
- Learn to Fly a HelicopterFrom: $225
- Private Dinner Cruise (for 2+)Avg Rating of: 4-half(3)From: $211
- Private Glass Blowing ExperienceFrom: $200
- Craft Brewery TourFrom: $118
- Race a Ferrari - AustinFrom: $388
- Race a Lamborghini - AustinFrom: $338
- Supercar Thrill Ride - AustinFrom: $299
- Learn to Fly a GliderFrom: $395
- Learn to Hang Glide ClassAvg Rating of: 1-half(1)From: $149
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ExperiencesAll San Antonio Experiences


text:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Gametocytes, the sole stage of malaria parasites capable of infecting mosquitoes, represent a key link in human/vector malaria transmission. Preventing or reducing the development, function, survival or carriage of gametocytes in human hosts can interrupt transmission. As we await the development of an effective transmission-blocking vaccine [
Most drug discovery efforts have focused on the asexual erythrocytic stages that cause the acute symptoms of malaria. Relatively few extant or prospective antimalarial therapies significantly impair the development or survival of
As would be the case with a transmission-blocking vaccine [
From a community perspective, drugs that block transmission could prove powerfully complementary when combined with other interventions. Reduced transmission would ease case loads at treatment facilities, increasing availability of resources for those who do become infected. Transmission-blocking drugs could thus provide welcome synergies in an integrated program of antimalarial intervention, particularly in an era with ambitions for local and regional elimination of transmission.
Transmission blocking properties against
Nevertheless, a number of promising drugs, both novel and derived from existing classes of antimalarial drugs, are currently under active development. This review examines the nature of some of the more promising transmission-blocking drugs in various stages of the developmental pipeline, their modes of action against gametocytes, their prospects and limitations.
Gametocytes are the haploid sexual stages of
Gametocytes appear generally 10-14 days after the appearance of asexual parasites in erythrocytes [
These haploid male and female gametocytes, which are the precursors of the gametes that will undergo syngamy (fertilization) in the invertebrate host, but only after they complete a maturation process or capacitation that can require up to 8-10 days to complete in
The maturation process can be divided into five morphological stages [
Although new targets and strategies of attack continue to be identified, the basic and common modes of sexual stage interference for existing drugs include:
Developing gametocytes (Stages I-III) are particularly vulnerable to drugs that affect hemoglobin metabolism [
Later stage gametocytes (Stages IV-V), which are more quiescent metabolically, are more likely to be affected by drugs with cytotoxic properties. Some 8-aminoquinolines (8AQ) including primaquine may directly exert toxicity against parasite mitochondria, inhibiting metabolism through interference with the electron transport functions of ubiquinone in the respiratory chain [
Diverse mechanisms are involved in interrupting transmission after gametocytogenesis, some operating along the various stages of extrinsic incubation from exflagellation to the formation of sporozoites, or even by damaging the salivary glands of vector mosquitoes [
Drugs that are also highly effective against asexual parasites would be most attractive for incorporation into front-line therapies. Alternatively, a transmission blocker can be incorporated as part of a combination or used as a follow-on drug as part of a course of treatment that would both treat clinical infections and prevent the transmission of parasites to others.
Primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline (along with pamaquine), has long been known to reduce the prevalence of gametocytes circulating in the peripheral bloodstream of parasitemic individuals and to prevent exflagellation in gametocytes that are present [
In the body, primaquine is quickly metabolized via oxidative deamination at the C-4′ into its primary metabolite carboxyprimaquine which displays much reduced antimalarial activity [
Studies suggest that a single adult dose of 30-45 mg primaquine (0.50-0.75 mg base/kg in children) for interrupting transmission may be more beneficial if given two weeks post ACT treatment immediately after treatment because additional gametocytes may continue to develop from residual asexual parasites until 7-15 days after completion of a course of ACT [
The efficacy of primaquine has inspired researchers to seek analogs that may exhibit similar potency against gametocytes, including certain dipeptide derivatives that show similar levels of activity [
Despite their early promise, these primaquine derivatives have never been fully developed as therapies. Adverse interactions between primaquine and G6PD-deficient (G6PDd) individuals, are a major limitation of this approach, and may have discouraged the further development of such therapeutics.
Toxic metabolites of primaquine including 5-hydroxyprimaquine and 6-methoxy-8-aminoquinoline [
Although these risks are sometimes downplayed based on the relatively benign findings of clinical studies performed in the 1950s, prudence demands caution because these studies involved a variant of G6PDd (African A-) that involves a relatively mild manifestation of primaquine sensitivity [
Gametocytes are refractory to many of the early front-line therapies, including chloroquine, thus may continue to circulate for weeks to months after all asexual parasites have been eliminated from the bloodstream after treatment [
Artemisinins act primarily on younger gametocytes [
Certain studies, however, have demonstrated activity against mature gametocytes
A typical course of ACT also does not result in complete clearance of developing gametocytes [
The gametocytocidal properties can be effectively complemented by adding a single dose of primaquine to the end of a course of ACT [
Pyronaridine, an established antimalarial drug that had been in clinical use in China since the 1980s [
Information on the gametocytocidal properties of pyronaridine, however, is limited and conflicting. Although an
A relatively small proportion of the antimalarials currently under development [
Tafenoquine is an 8-aminoquinoline relative of primaquine that has a much longer metabolic half-life (two-weeks). It is currently in the final stages of development and is undergoing Phase IIb/III clinical trials.
It is unique among antimalarials in exhibiting activity against all stages of the parasite, including liver schizonts. It appears to be less toxic and more clinically effective than primaquine [
The extended presence and activity of tafenoquine has profound implications regarding its utility as a transmission-blocking drug. It is retained in the body at functional doses for the entire period required for asexual parasites to develop into mature gametocytes, thus facilitating clearance of all infective parasites.
Elubaquine is a synthetic 8-aminoquinoline is differentiated from primaquine by a 2,4 dihydrofuran side chain in the 8 position of the quinoline. It was found to be gametocytocidal against
Trioxaquines are essentially hybrid molecules containing synthetic peroxides. They were developed through a rational approach intended to mimic the effect of the 1,2,4-trioxane groups of artemisinins that damage parasites via the production of free radicals and to enhance its pharmacokinetics [
Trioxolaquines, related compounds incorporating trioxolane moieties, though active against malaria parasites, appear to be less promising as developmental candidates due to their lower metabolic stability [
One of the more active versions of the trioxaquines appears to be trioxaquine 2 (DU1302), a salt formed by the protonation of trioxaquine citric acid [
This anti-gametocyte activity, however, was up to 1,100 fold greater than that demonstrated by the nonperoxidic antimalarials chroloquine, primaquine and atovaquone. The effectiveness of DU1302 was not affected by parasite chloroquine resistance, and was independent of stereochemistry, with both isomers exhibiting equal activity. Yet another trioxaquine moiety, PA1103/SAR116242, appears even more active against
Trioxaquines have not yet been evaluated against
Epoxomicin is naturally derived from certain strains of
A broad
This inhibition of proteasome activity appears to have a toxic affect, and does not lead to resumption of development if inhibition is removed. Specifically, epoxomicin interacts with the β5 and β2 subunits of the
Epoxomicin also affects the morphology of developing gametocytes, greatly restricting the circumference of parasites exposed to this compound. Mature stage V gametocytes, however, are not inhibited from undergoing exflagellation
Another proteasome inhibitor evaluated,
Methylene Blue (MB) is a heterocyclic aromatic compound with a wide array of uses, including as a bacteriologic stain. Medicinally, it is most commonly used as an antidote to reverse methemoglobinemia in cases of cyanide poisoning. MB was one of the first synthetic drugs ever used against malaria [
Methylene Blue given in combination with amodiaquine or artesunate at a daily dose 10 mg/kg for three days, exhibited strong gametocytocidal activity against
Sodium beta-artelinate is a water soluble, artemisinin analogue synthesized from artemisinin. It has demonstrated potent gametocytocidal but no sporontocidal effects against the simian malaria
Alpha/beta arteether is an oil soluble ethyl ether derivative of artemisinin that is produced as a racemic mixture of enantiomers. It has passed clinical trials for safety and has been found to be efficacious against the asexual stages of
Dyhydroacridine-dione administered at a dose of 0.39 mg/kg was found to inhibit sporogonic development in
Tipranavir, a nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitor was found to be both gametocytocidal and inhibitory of gametocytogenesis at clinically relevant doses (EC50, 12 to 21 μM) [
The 9-anilinoacridines were originally developed as anti-cancer agents [
Riboflavin has been found to be toxic to
Neem is a product derived from
A 50 mg/kg dose of Neemazal®, an azadarachtin-enriched extract of neem seeds, was found to inhibit the development of parasites in
Neem leaf extracts have also been shown to be active against the sexual stages of
While promising, significant technical challenges limit the feasibility of using neem and its components as drugs. Limonoids tend to have minimal bioavailability and suffer from a short metabolic half-life [
Earlier research on transmission blocking immunity has revealed certain gametocyte-specific proteins associated with surface membranes of gametocytes, including: Pfs230 [
Potential candidates for transmission-blocking drug targets are numerous and growing as our knowledge of the
Proteolysis is likely to be important both for the remodeling associated with morphological changes during gametocyte formation as well as gamete formation and the invasion of mosquito midgut walls by ookinetes. Thus, proteases may offer a target of drug intervention via inhibitors. In
Two papain-like cysteine proteases, falcipain-2 [
Protein kinases are involved in the modification of other proteins via phosphorylation. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated by diverse extracellular factors in a protein kinase cascade and appear to be involved in the regulation of the cell cycle [
Similar advantages exist with another group of
A calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK4) appears to have important role in male gametogenesis and in the maturation of fertilized zygotes [
Yet another pair of kinases, MAP2 and NEK4, identified through proteome analysis and investigated through targeted gene disruption [
Thus, protein kinases appear to offer an abundant source of potential targets for transmission-blocking drugs.
Peroxiredoxins are antioxidant enzymes that protect macromolecules from reactive peroxides and the oxidative stress they impose on sensitive malaria parasites. Certain peroxiredoxins may also be involved in the activation pathways of certain MAP kinases [
Gene disruption of the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin TPx-1 in turn disrupts gametocytogenesis in
Exflagellation of male gametocytes, triggered in part by the temperature decrease and rise in pH associated with the midgut environment of a mosquito, is mediated by a cascade of factors including a calcium-dependent protein kinase and cGMP [
Osmiophilic bodies are granular organelles associated with late stage macrogametocytes of many Apicomplexa [
Studies of mutant clones suggest that the
Transcriptome analyses [
Pfs16 – a membrane protein found in the parasitophorous vacuole of young gametocytes [
Pfg27 – a dimeric cytosolic phosphoprotein present during the early formation of gametocytes [
Pfpeg-3 (Pfmdv-1) – '
Pf peg-4 – a protein encoded by the gene PF10_064 [
PfPuf1 – an RNA-binding protein upregulated in gametocytes and sporozoites [
PfPuf2 – an RNA-binding regulatory protein upregulated in gametocytes [
Pfgig – a gene associated with a protein involved in the transition to early gametocytogenesis via upregulation of Pfs16 [
HMGB2 – a DNA-binding protein involved in transcriptional regulation of
Pfg14.744 and Pfg14.748 – an as yet uncharacterized pair of genes expressed in the earliest stages of gametocytogenesis (prior to Stage II) [
PfRex-3, and PfGEXP10 – proteins of indeterminate function that are both expressed in early gametocytogenesis, cleaved, acetylated and exported into the cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes (along with Pfg14.744) [
Pfs16 and Pfg27 are both upregulated during the differentiation of trophozoites to gametocytes prior to the appearance of the subpellicular microtubule network that distinguishes the State II, crescent-shaped gametocytes from earlier forms, suggesting a possible role in inducing these morphological changes [
Pfgig is a gene encoding for a yet to be identified protein involved in the transition from asexual stage parasites to sexual stages. Its silencing has a six-fold suppressive effect on gametocyte production and its complementation causes the upregulation of Ps16 [
Both PfPuf1 and PfPuf2 bind RNA and, according to a microarray analysis, are upregulated in gametocytes [
PfPuf2 regulates translation in early stage gametocytes, promoting sexual development and sex differentiation [
Pfpeg-3, also known as Pfmdv-1 [
Each of these proteins offer promise as targets for drugs that might disrupt the early stages of gametocytogenesis and skew sex ratios. Expression of HMGB2, a high mobility group protein that binds DNA (but is not sequence-specific) and is conserved in all malaria species, peaks in the gametocyte stage, although translation of mRNA seems to be delayed until parasites have differentiated into ookinetes [
Adherence to endothelial tissue beds allows gametocytes to develop in situ without facing the hazards associated with passage through the spleen. This accounts in part for why young gametocytes rarely circulate in peripheral blood and why mature infective gametocytes usually appear only after the asexual parasitemia has peaked.
Host receptors and parasite ligands involved in the adhesion and sequestration of gametocytes in the vascular endothelium offer potential targets for potential transmission-blocking vaccines [
These molecules might also be targeted by immunotherapies or moieties that specifically bind or otherwise inhibit them. Thus, agents that interfere with the surface antigens expressed on young, sequestering gametocytes could impede normal gametocyte development in
Some parasite ligands, particularly those associated with the sequestration of Stage II and IV gametocytes in bone marrow, have yet to be characterized although putative host receptors include CD49c, CD164, CD166 and ICAM-1 [
pfEMP1 (
STEVOR (subtelomeric variable open reading frame) protein family – found on the surface of mid to late stage (III-V) gametocytes [
CPW-WPC proteins (including PF11.0045) – may function as adhesins. Transcription peaks in gametocytes [
PF13_0006 – a gene transcript of the RIFIN (repetitive interspersed) protein family that is abundant in mature (Stage V) gametocytes [
Interference with or reversal of adhesion might be accomplished with conjugates incorporating monoclonal antibodies or segments of peptide ligands, similar to approaches suggested for prospective treatments of severe malaria involving blockage of cerebral capillaries [
One clinical study [
Molecules involved in adhesion may also play other roles in gametocyte development and sporogony that offer alternative mechanisms of interference. For example, the expression of lectin adhesive-like proteins (PbLAP1, 2, 4 and 6) have been shown to be critical for oocyst maturation and sporozoite formation in
An array of LAP-related PfCCP adhesion proteins (PfCCP1, PfCCP2, PfCCP3) occur co-dependently in the parasitophorous vacuole of the gametocyte plasma membrane of
Some drugs have been known to stimulate gametocyte development and/or prolong the infectiousness of treated individuals. Such treatments have the potential to counteract burden reductions at the community level by increasing the rate of new infections.
Treatment with chloroquine [
Treatment of parasitemic but asymptomatic individuals, however, was found not to increase gametocyte carriage [
This apparent escape of parasite genotypes surviving selection with SP would appear to accelerate the evolution of drug resistance [
Ideally, a replacement therapy for IPT would employ a drug or drugs that did not increase gametocyte carriage and prolong the infectivity of treated individuals, under any circumstances. Certain prospective front-line treatments, such as dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, while reducing overall gametocyte carriage appear less active against gametocytes than standard ACTs such as AS-AQ [
No ideal transmission-blocking antimalarial drug has yet been developed, though several of the prospects discussed show great promise. The ideal drug should be active against both sexual and asexual stages, should affect mature gametocytes as well as sequestered developing forms. It should also exhibit persistent and stable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to compensate for delays in parasite development, release from sequestration or response to therapies. This follows, of course, after the array of other necessary and desirable properties that any drug should have, including safety, bioavailability, and lack of existing or easily selected for resistance.
Under certain constraints, drugs active against sexual stages might help slow the development of resistance if included as part of a combination therapy, though both drugs would need to achieve a certain minimal clinical efficacy against asexual parasites relative to the treatment rate in the human population [
Modes of action against asexual parasites that differ between partner drugs would assist the cause of resistance avoidance by allowing one drug to kill parasites that do not respond therapeutically to its partner. Transmission blocking effects in at least one element of a combination drug could then slow resistance by inhibiting the transmission and subsequent propagation of resistant forms. This approach would be most likely to be successful in low transmission areas where stochastic effects are more likely to come into play.
Other models suggest that in certain settings, even therapies with modest transmission blocking activity, such as current front-line ACTs, might be capable of achieving transmission reductions equivalent to that achieved by insecticide-treated nets [
In low transmission settings, where the force of infection is modest and the risk or re-infection is low, it can be safely assumed, however, that an ACT bearing a component molecule with more complete activity against the sexual stages of parasites would show an even greater impact on transmission at the community level than currently available ACTs.
Thus, transmission-blocking drugs seem best suited for fringe areas where malaria transmission is light or in locations that are entering the end-stages of elimination, and where mass treatment seems most feasible. By reducing the amount of inoculum available to infect vector mosquitoes, gametocytocidal drugs given as part of a mass presumptive treatment would seem a powerful complement to the integrated efforts that would be necessary to achieve the local elimination of falciparum malaria.
Developmental stages of gametocytes [


text:
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For the second time in an illustrious career that has spanned over three decades, perennial R&B favorites the Whispers tackle holiday fare on a 1994 album that combines some obvious choices--such as "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas," a wonderfully sassy "Merry Christmas Baby," and "What Are You Doing New Year''s Eve?"--with some tasteful original tunes. A zesty medley featuring "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!," "Jingle Bell Rock," and "Winter Wonderland" brings out the quartet''s jazzy harmonies, but those who have enjoyed the Los Angeles-based team''s distinctive vocal stylings over the years will particularly enjoy "It''s Christmas" and "Mrs. Christmas," which both sound as close to any of the group''s ''80s hits as anything else on this package. An obvious standout is the group''s nifty reading of the Rodgers and Hammerstein classic "My Favorite Things," and since their first Christmas album is now out of print, this collection is a welcome release for lovers of traditional R&B. --David Nathan