text:
1992 Lexus SC400 Reviews and Owner Comments
1992 Lexus SC400 owners review and rate their 1992 Lexus SC400.
Login to Review This Car
1992 Lexus SC400 (5 Reviews)
Love this car although purchased a Honda Civic recently to get better gas mileage the Lexus SC is best car ever owned. I moved here to California in 1998 purchased my Lexus when lived in St, Louis bought used of '94 with 18k miles. Car is very excellent no issues or problems ever had out of it. Comfortable, smooth ride and nice still no paint rust got regular oil changes and routine maintenance. I am currently driving this car at now 200k miles runs flawless great sound system with original 12 disc CD changer and more. This was the best Lexus automobile ever owned love this sporty car fun driving in El Cajon and Los Angeles some of the options are very nice for a nice old used Lexus as this one.
I love my sc400 I have 215k+ miles on it and it still runs and drives like a brand new car
I was recently in an auto crash that totaled my 2003 PT Woody at no fault of my own. I began shopping for a new car while I waited on insurance claim. I took a little over a month to find a newer car 2005.06 or better with low miles It didnt happen. My 1992 Lexus SC400, Gold was the last car I drove, with 60,000 miles on her it was great, after driving all the other cars this one stands alone. Go's when you need it,drives smooth and handles great, and so quiet you cant hear her running and with it being a V-8 she gets around 28ml a gal not to bad.Everything works sunroof, and stero it fantastic. Oh and my Dad loves it too so thats a plus.
So I was in the market for a 'beater' 2nd car last week Got on Craigslist and was literally sitting there when this 1992 superb granny-driven SC400 comes on at $2500 so I snapped it up... It will horrify you all to know I had never driven a Lexus in my 50 years and while I may be deemed a lowly late-blooming L-word lover , I have seen the light, and it is the most thrilling $2500 clams I have ever spent. What a beautiful car, I have had it only 2 weeks and am thrilled to drive it, I cant imagine Mrs. O'Hara's first test drive 19 years and $60k ago.. And I cant fathom how low-priced certain luxury autos can get in their faded glory, it makes no sense...it's worth so much more... I have had to buy hood and trunk hydraulic lifts, seat memory ECM and a used key on EBay for $50 (not $500) few minor things but this car is just broken in at 220k Km. Now for some 18 or 19" sexy wheels and some wax! Loooove it. Owen in BC (Site wont take postal codes so I put in Seattle)
My 1992 has 140,000 miles and still runs and looks great...


text:
"I think this is much more significant than the idiot media in the USA is making this out to be. We need an Atheist News Network: All Actual News, all the time! (And none of that Christian fundamentalist shenaniganry)"
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text:
Scott Driscoll WOI Oct/Nov. '13 Tour
"Moving, powerful, and compulsively readable, Better You Go Home is the unforgettable story of a man's journey to save his own life, and how he discovers himself along the way."
—Garth Stein, New York Times bestselling author of The Art of Racing in the Rain
About the Book:
Better You Go Home shares the story of a man visiting the Czech Republic to find his half-sister and uncovers family skeletons.
There is self-interested behind Chico's quest. None of his known relatives can be of help. Chico Lenoch wonders why his Czech father refuses to contact family left behind the Iron Curtain. He also meets Milada, a beautiful doctor who helps him navigate the obstacles to finding his sister. While chico idealizes his father's homeland, Milada feels trapped.
Chico's quest is only complicated more by his urgent need for a donor kidney. Might his sister be a candidate?
Literary Fiction
Release Date: October 2013
Publisher: Coffeetown Press
6x9 Trade Paperback, 236 pp.
Bookstores/Libraries: Baker & Taylor, Ingram, Partners West, Midwest Library Service, Follett Library Resources; eBooks: Overdrive, Kobo and other major retailers; for more information or to order direct, contact email@example.com
You can read a couple sample chapters here!
About the Author:
Scott Driscoll is an instructor at the University of Washington Professional and Continuing Education programs where he has taught creative writing for 20 years. He has also taught fiction and creative nonfiction in the Writers in the Schools and Path With Art programs and online through the Seattle-based Writer's Workshop, as well as at Seattle's Richard Hugo House literary center. Scott was awarded the "UW Educational Outreach Excellence in Teaching Award" for 2006.
Driscoll has been awarded eight Society of Professional Journalists awards, most recently for social issues reporting. His narrative essay about his daughter's coming of age was cited in the Best American Essays, 1998. While enrolled in the UW MFA program, he won the Milliman Award for Fiction. "Writing for me is about applying form to the mysteries we suffer."
Learn more at www.scott-driscoll.com
Check out Scott's Blog where he writes about his journey to Pisecna and the politics, people and overall landscape of that part of the world.
Nov. 13th - Third Place Bookstore, Lake Forest Park WA - 7pm
Nov. 15th - University Bookstore, Seattle WA - 7pm
Nov. 22nd - Leavenworth Library, Leavenworth WA - 6pm
Nov. 23rd - A Book for All Seasons Bookstore, Leavenworth WA - 1pm
Dec. 9th - Bellevue Library, Bellevue WA - 7pm


text:
November 30th and I am thankful for... my NaBloPoMo of gratitude.
This month has been representative of my entire year - ending up in a very different place than I had pictured when I started. At the beginning of the month, I was struggling to juggle classes with a part-time work schedule that refused to honor it's part-time agreement. I was depressed, anxious, frustrated. There were times when my NaBloPoMo of Gratitude seemed like a completely ridiculous idea. Now, I find myself home, unemployed by choice, concentrating full-time on my classes for the next week until finals are over. Then I'll finish up that last self-paced course and be done.
I have no idea what's next, in my life and therefor in my blog. There are so many options that I'm not quite sure where to start. But I'm excited. Also still a bit anxious. But no longer depressed or frustrated.
I'm considering participation in another month-long blog project, #reverb10. "Reflect on this year and manifest what's next". December will be spent doing exactly that, whether or not I formally participate in that project.
I want to say thank you to all of you who help hold me together, encouraging me, supporting me, distracting me... A special thank you to T for being a great inspiration to me and introducing me to a new way of approaching life that's brought me much peace and hope.
So even though things are far from where they started 30 days ago, I'm grateful for my husband, my friends, and my future.
STARTING 4/8/17: Six Word Saturday is now being hosted by the lovely Debbie at Travel With Intent. If you aren't already following Debbie, please visit her blog for Six Word Saturday and her beautiful photos. I'll continue to participate from time to time but please go to Debbie's for the official posts.
If you aren't receiving email replies to your comments, please see this post.
Tuesday, November 30, 2010
The End
Posted at 10:14 AM
5 comments:
- Melinda said...
It isn't really the end you know. It's more like the beginning. :-)
- Nov 30, 2010, 11:04:00 AM
- Toriz said...
You know, I think this is one of the best of your gratitude posts!
- Nov 30, 2010, 1:17:00 PM
- C. Beth said...
There's so much hope in your words lately. :)
- Nov 30, 2010, 2:02:00 PM
- Diane said...
Yeah and congrats for finishing your job and your writing!!! :O)
- Nov 30, 2010, 7:18:00 PM
- Leslie said...
I wish you all the best and look forward to reading what's next! :)
- Dec 1, 2010, 11:26:00 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
We are talking about WPA tables not a brute force list of every possible char. on the key board. Please read the content of the thread before spouting off with useless drivel. Thank You
33 GB? *lol*
100 GB? *rofl*
What about 5540954347 Gigabyte?
Lets say we do use every of the 95 printable Ascii-Characters...
And lets say the password we created is 8 characters long...
That makes (95^9)-2 possible passwords !
630249409724609375 Passwords, each 8 characters long makes:
((95^9)-2)*8 Characters
As I tested: 100 characters in a textfile make 118 Byte
That makes a textfile with:
5949554427800312500 Bytes
5810111745898742.67 Kilobytes
5673937251854.24 Megabytes
5540954347.51 Gigabytes
Well my mathematical-knowledge is not that great...so feel free to correct me
greetz ToBHo
We are talking about WPA tables not a brute force list of every possible char. on the key board. Please read the content of the thread before spouting off with useless drivel. Thank You
k. sry for that
but isnt a brutforce-list also a kind of wpa-table ?
well the ssid is not included, but you could make it to a table
i just wanted to give my word to it...
cya ToBHo
No in a wpa pass phrase the password is salted with the essid so we take a password list and compute it before hand with our essid thus effectively removing that stage of the cracking process and greatly decreasing the time it takes to crack the pass phrase.
to tobho :i made a mistake in my initial post actually with the words i used, sorry for the confusion
the actual password list size is 10 mb containing one million passwords,
the 33 gb file is presalted with the 1000 top essid .
hope this is clear enough along with the explanation purehate gave
Here is where so far I have taken my dictionaries and my wordlist...
if someone wants input words on "SQL" or "XSS" , i council to prove this Firefox-extension from -securitycompass.com-
(x->t x->w)
Has anyone tried using the ~35gig pre-hashed list? I was curious to what kind of processing time people are getting when running the list. The list seems to be compiled for cowpatty- can it be used for the airolib-ng module?
Is it normal that when i try to open a wordlist file.txt (100-200Mb) my pc crash???
thx bye
[CENTER][FONT=Book Antiqua][SIZE=5][B][COLOR=blue][FONT=Courier New][COLOR=red]--=[/COLOR][/FONT]Xploitz[FONT=Courier New][COLOR=red]=--[/COLOR][/FONT][/COLOR][/B][/SIZE][/FONT][FONT=Courier New][COLOR=Black][SIZE=6][B] ®[/B][/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT][/CENTER]
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[URL="http://forums.remote-exploit.org/showthread.php?t=8230"][B]VIDEO: Volume #3 "E-Z WPA/WPA2 Cracking Tutorial"[/B][/URL]
[URL="http://forums.remote-exploit.org/showthread.php?t=8041"][B]VIDEO: Volume #4 "E-Z Cracking WPA/WPA2 With Airolib-ng Databases"[/B][/URL]


text:
My brush is my best friend. It is my life. Without my brush, I am useless.
The brush is a simple tool in a nail tech's repertoire, but it has come a long way. It wasn't long ago techs were using standard paint brushes for enhancements, and finding that bristles would soon fall out after working with monomer and acetone. Now brushes are designed with the nail tech in mind, and come in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Brush Schematics
The Nail Tech's Creed*
This is my brush. There are many like it, but this one is mine.
My brush is my best friend. It is my life. I must master it as I must master my life.
My brush without me is useless. Without my brush, I am useless.
My brush is human, even as I, because it is my life.
Thus, I will learn it as a sister. I will learn its weakness, its strength, its parts, and its accessories.
I will keep my brush clean and ready, even as I am clean and ready. We will become part of each other.
*An adaptation of the Marine Corps' Rifleman's Creed
Breaking in a Brush
1. Remove the starch from the bristles by gently separating the hairs with your fingernail.
2. After the starch is removed, dip the brush in monomer to condition the bristles.
3. Remove the monomer by rolling the brush on a towel to make a fine point.
InternatioNAILS: Germany20 photos
Cosmoprof North America 201758 photos
Home-based, but not home-bound best describes Koziol, owner of The Little Nail Shoppe of Rehoboth (Mass.) and eduction coordinator for R.G....
Learn More
Is it normal that I'm in pain after doing a couple clients' nails?
How do you handle a client who constantly tries to correct you or tell you what to do?
What are reasonable terms for a non-compete contract?
How do I announce to my clients that I will be moving to a new salon?
The new products I'm using are adding time to each appointment. How do I adjust my schedule?
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text:
Israeli border police shot and killed a Palestinian and moderately wounded his brother Thursday morning in eastern Jerusalem.
The two men and a third Arab had gone outside a building after they heard noises and thought someone was trying to break into their car.
When they came outside, the border police unit saw them and, suspecting the three were armed, opened fire. It was later found that none of the three had weapons.
Israel Television reported that the police unit was in the area as part of its efforts to apprehend suspected Hamas terrorists.
The incident was being investigated by the Justice Ministry.
Meanwhile, in Gaza, Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian they believed was running toward their outpost with an explosive device.
They opened fire after the Palestinian ignored their orders to stop.
Palestinian police said the youth was mentally ill, and was not carrying any explosive or weapon.


text: You are here:HomeNews & EventsNews20148CWGC Deir al-Balah Cemetery caught in Gaza conflict News CWGC cemetery caught in Gaza conflict 06 August 2014 During the ongoing conflict in Gaza, the CWGC cemetery, in the centre of Gaza City, has received some limited damage. We can confirm that fortunately, none of our colleagues have been injured in the fighting. Safety is of paramount importance to the Commission and we have advised all of the teams to stay at home until the security situation has improved to a sufficient level. Once this has occurred, our teams will assess the damage that has been done and start a programme of repair. We are grateful to all those staff in country and across the Area, for doing their best to maintain this cemetery superbly and under very challenging conditions.


text: The folks over at Click.TV combined our MacRumors Keynote transcript with the Video of Apple's Keynote address. The result is a searchable, indexed video that allows you to jump to specific moments during the keynote video. Visit: http://www.macrumors.com/pages/2007/01/20070114182402.shtml Some notes: - Clicking on "macrumors" track on the playlist overlaying the video will play just the comments, skipping the video in between. Click "ENTIRE VIDEO" to revert back to the entire video. - Searching on a term - e.g. "ipod" - creates an "ipod" track and plays all comments with the word - Click BLOG to grab code to drop on a blog or EMAIL to email this to someone else. Note that you can change the start and end points to email just a portion of the whole thing. - If a track is selected (rather than "ENTIRE VIDEO") in the playlist, you can BLOG or EMAIL just that track. For instance, search "ipod", then email that track. - If you click the upper right button, the comments panel goes away and comments appear as subtitles overlaying the bottom of the video. Video player technology courtesy of Click.TV


text:
Laser tag is a less damaging version of paintball—there are no physical objects being fired at you and it's much easier to wash the lasers off your clothes when you get home. Take a shot with this Groupon.
Choose from Three Options
- $29 for one game of laser tag for up to 9 people (up to a $72 value)
- $65 for three games of laser tag for up to 9 people (up to a $162 value)
- $99 for three games of laser tag and one round of mini-golf for up to 10 people (up to a $245 value)
Epic Entertainment
With obstacles such as water wheels and undulating greens, miniature golf at Epic Entertainment is tricky enough. But, true to its name, the Mischief Mini-Golf spinner adds even more obstacles to the 19-hole course by daring players with challenges such as playing an entire hole on one leg. Such tasks don't hinder visitors to Epic's five batting cages, whose machines fling everything from baseballs at 60 mph to softball slow pitches. Slow and steady likewise rules the day at Epic's fog-flooded laser tag arena, where phaser-armed players patiently search for opponents within an outdoor maze.


text:
Searchers looking for a vulnerable woman who had walked away from the Princeton Developmental Achievement Center the morning of Tuesday, April 8, found her seven hours later in a shed in a remote part of the Princeton golf course.
The woman, 58, was alive and in physically good shape when searchers found her at about 6:30 p.m., according to Princeton Police Sgt. Joe Backlund. Once found, the woman was placed on a medical hold for observation.
Princeton Police received the call at 11:35 a.m. April 8 that she had left the DAC. Sometime after that, the Police Department heard from the group home in Princeton where the woman resides, that she had called the home and stated some things that were "alarming to staff," Backlund said.
Participating in the search besides Princeton Police Department were Mille Lacs County Sheriff's deputies and Princeton firefighters. A North Ambulance crew also stood by.
Firefighters made use of all-terrain vehicles in the search, which began at the city's Riebe Park located on the east side of the Rum River in city limits south of Highway 95 and across from Riverside Park. Backlund said that police, through the county dispatch center, contacted the cellphone company that provides service for the phone the woman was using and were able to get a general idea where she might be. Sometime during the afternoon the searchers moved their focus out of Riebe Park to the golf course. Princeton officer Jason Cederberg employed the department's K-9 dog, Skar, which picked up the scent at the golf course and pinpointed the woman's location.
Officers also walked through Shopko, the hospital and Coborn's during the search in case she might have been at one of those locations.


text:
School Site Council
School Site Council is an elected group of parents and staff. Its
primary responsibility is to review and approve our annual School Improvement
Plan including our School Improvement Budget expenditures. This
committee works closely with staff on our continual process of curriculum
improvement and the allocation of resources directed towards the improvement of
our instructional program. This committee does not deal with fund
raising, activities, or facilities.
Meeting Dates:
2016-17 School Site Council Members:


text:
Feds probe Menendez rental deal
Senator took in at least $300,000 from nonprofit in Union City
by Jeff Whelan and Josh Margolin, Star Ledger Staff
September 7, 2006 - Federal investigators have subpoenaed records of a rental deal between U.S. Sen. Robert Menendez and a nonprofit agency in Union City, launching a criminal investigation that is sure to rock New Jersey's hotly contested Senate race.
Authorities delivered the subpoena to the North Hudson Community Action Corp. earlier this week, according to four sources familiar with the move who requested anonymity because of the ongoing investigation.
The action comes two weeks after The Star-Ledger reported that Menendez collected more than $300,000 from the organization over a nine-year period while he represented Hudson County in the U.S. House of Representatives. During that period, he also helped the agency win millions of dollars in federal funding.
State Sen. Tom Kean Jr., Menendez's Republican challenger, has called the arrangement a case of profiting from official action. Two of his Republican allies filed an ethics complaint against Menendez in Congress, accusing him of a conflict of interest. Independent watchdog groups also have said it was a conflict for Menendez to seek federal funds on behalf of his tenant.
Menendez campaign spokesman Matt Miller said last night the senator has nothing to fear from the investigation, and questioned the timing of the action by the U.S. Attorney's Office, considering the election is two months away.
"This transaction was already approved by the House Ethics Committee, and the U.S. attorney will find that Bob Menendez did nothing but support a well-respected agency in the exact same manner that he has supported other nonprofits in the state," Miller said.
"We're troubled by the timing of this subpoena in the middle of a political campaign, but the facts are that the NHCAC has received federal funds for over 35 years because they provide education and health care services to New Jerseyans who need it the most," he said.
A spokesman for U.S. Attorney Christopher Christie declined to comment. Christie is a Republican who was appointed by President Bush, but has won wide, bipartisan support for pursuing public corruption cases involving both political parties.
The New Jersey Senate race is considered one of the most hotly contested in the nation and holding on to the seat is critical to the national Democrats' uphill battle to take control of the U.S. Senate, where Republicans now have a 55-45 edge. Menendez moved up from the House in January when he was appointed by Gov. Jon Corzine to replace him in the Senate.
Kean, who has made questions about Menendez's ethics a cornerstone of his campaign, issued a statement last night saying: "After years of embarrassment, it should be perfectly clear to New Jerseyans that we must have leaders with the highest ethical integrity. Today's developments illustrate the need to clean up the corruption and scandal that has plagued Washington, D.C., and our state, so we can finally restore the public's faith in government."
Menendez purchased a three-story brick house on a residential street in Union City for $92,000 in 1983. He and his family lived there for a time, but they later moved out and he began renting it as commercial property.
In 1994, shortly after Menendez went to Congress, he entered into a lease with the North Hudson Community Action Corp., which used it to house administrative offices. Menendez initially charged $3,100 per month, and eventually raised the rent to $4,000.
Meanwhile, he advocated for the agency in Congress.
In 1998, Menendez helped the agency win designation as a federally qualified health care center, a move that made it eligible for certain federal health care grants. The agency has since collected $9.6 million in federal grants through the designation. In all, 64 percent of the agency's $38 million annual budget comes from the federal government, according to the organization.
Menendez has had strong ties to the organization for years.
The nonprofit group honored Menendez as its "man of the year" in 2001 and also named a pavilion in its headquarters after him. The agency's employees also have contributed more than $30,000 to Menendez's campaigns over the years.
Michael Leggiero, the longtime head of the agency, contributed more that $9,000 to Menendez's political accounts. Leggiero died last year and Menendez spoke at his funeral.
Menendez has said he gave the tenant no special treatment, and had helped other nonprofits in his district obtain status as federally qualified health centers.
The senator said that before renting out the house in 1994, he obtained clearance from the House Ethics Committee, but did not get a written opinion. He said there was nothing improper about his actions because he never negotiated directly with agency officials and the organization paid slightly below-market rent.
Menendez sold the house in 2003 for $450,000 to a woman who had contributed to one of his campaigns. The new owner continues to rent the house to the North Hudson Community Action Corp. at a current rate of $3,700 per month.


text:
Car park levy 'won't ease snarls'
Transport Reporter
Page Tools
THE controversial CBD parking tax will not reduce traffic congestion or improve Melbourne's environment, according to a leaked report commissioned by the Melbourne City Council.
The report, prepared by Adelaide-based traffic consultant Murray Young, slams the levy and predicts that the value of city car spaces will consequently fall.
The report was commissioned by the council earlier this year after the State Government announced the levy would be imposed on commercial long-stay parking spaces from January. An initial $400-per-space levy will double after 12 months, generating $38.5 million a year.
The council, which did not release the critical report, will be given a $5 million-a-year slice of the revenue.
Councillor Peter Clarke accused the council of ignoring its own study. "They buried this thing because it didn't tell them what they wanted to hear," he said. "They are doing a PR job for John Brumby rather than telling the facts."
The report concludes that similar levies in Perth and Sydney have failed on both goals. It predicts a similar result for Melbourne, saying: "There is unlikely to be a significant change in the level of traffic congestion in the CBD."
The Government says the levy will discourage car commuters and encourage shoppers by freeing more space for short-term parking. But the report predicts that short-term parking may become more expensive as car park owners pass on higher costs.
The leaked report follows another study, carried out by Access Economics and commissioned by the Property Council of Australia, that found a levy on long-term car parks was a revenue-raising measure.
The Access Economics report also said the Government's reasons for imposing the levy "were conflicted, confused" and likely to generate "perverse results".
Shadow treasurer Robert Clarke called on the Government to reverse its decision, saying Mr Brumby should wait for the findings of a Victorian Competition and Efficiency Commission inquiry into congestion, commissioned by the Treasurer last month.
"This just bears out what the Opposition, the Property Council and other critics have said all along. This is not a measure aimed at reducing congestion, it is just a flat-out tax grab," Mr Clarke said.
A spokeswoman for Mr Brumby, Campbell Giles, said the levy would go ahead and be used for transport initiatives.
The council is finalising a transport strategy to spend the $5 million annual windfall. The free north-south bus service, favoured by Lord Mayor John So, looks set for a March trial to coincide with the Commonwealth Games after a motion to defer the idea and send it for further review was defeated at a council meeting on Tuesday.
Get The Age home delivered for as little as $2.70 a week*


text:
Welcome to Gypsy Wools!
Brand: Gypsy Wools
A soft textured bulky yarn that is fantastic for knitting scarves, hats, cowls and throws.
As a result of our dyeing process, each skein of Gypsy Wools yarn is unique. Yarns will be closest in color if dyed together, so we recommend that you buy all that you need for a project. We will do our best to send you closely matching skeins, but this may not always be possible.
Remember that all monitors are different, so yarn colors may be slightly different in person.
7464 Arapahoe Ave Unit A5
Boulder, CO 80303


text:
and Sitewide Promo Codes!
Plus Free Shipping on Everything!
10% Off any Order up to $500 w/promo code JULYSPECIAL10
HAAN Steam Mops
Haan steam mops incorporate cutting-edge technology, easy maneuverability and powerful 212°F heat for quick, chemical-free cleaning in your home. These lightweight and ergonomic steam mops kill germs, dust mites, mold and bacteria from all types of floors such as hardwood, ceramic and laminate. Choose from a variety of colors and models. Haan steam mops and their other steam cleaning products are meant to suit the consumer who wants lightweight, chemical free steam cleaning for specific purposes. Many of our customers use a steam mop in addition to a more fully featured home steam cleaner.
We no longer carry Haan Steam Mops but please see our other top brand steam mops here.
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Haan steam mops are made in Korea where the company has captured the lion's share of the steam mop and other steam cleaning products. Their focus is to produce mass market steam products, as well made as possible for the price constraints. While not the first to market, they have popularized the steam mop and produce a mop which is great for kitchen pickups and general cleaning. However, the steam in their mops is not hot enough and is lacking the tools needed to tackle the very worst kinds of floor cleaning problems. However, our testing team has found that the Haan steam mops do a very credible job on dried pet vomit, and sticky dried spills on both wood and kitchen and urine on bathroom floors- which is what most consumers want a steam mop to handle.
|Learn more about Steam Mops


text:
On Fri, Dec 12, 2008 at 9:03 PM, Joseph Smith <email@example.com> wrote:

 On Fri, 12 Dec 2008 19:44:49 -0500, "Corey Osgood" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
 wrote:

> On Fri, Dec 12, 2008 at 7:20 PM, Joseph Smith <firstname.lastname@example.com>
 wrote:
 >
 >>
 >> Just curious, with all the support from AMD, how come no one ever
 > ventured
 >> down the Athlon XP road? Athlon XP setups are very cheap these days,
 >> possibly making development cost effective???
 >
 >
 > The Athlon XP, and most/all chipsets supporting it, are EOL, therefore
 not
 > a
 > good option from a manufacturer design standpoint, so I wouldn't expect
 > someone to contract a port any time soon. AMD is making the best of their
 > available resources by supporting the K8 and AMD690 chipset, which had
 not
 > reached EOL when work started on the port but I think it may have now.
 > Also,
 > the K7 datasheets are not publically available (last I looked), probably
 > because of details about whatever made them kick P4 ass back in the day
 :D
 > The datasheets on Via KT333/400 chipsets are available online, but not
 > from
 > Via, so I'm not sure of their legallity (you would almost certainly not
 > get
 > that datasheet from Via themselves). I don't know if AMD has any of their
 > K7
 > chipset docs available online.
 >

That's too bad. I have a few of these kicking around and your right, they
 did kick P4 ass back in the day.
 Hmm, although we spend alot of time with discontinued Intel chips that have
 limited to null support,

You mean 440bx, i810, etc? Those have publically available docs for the processor, north, and southbridge, and SDRAM init is, comparatively, extremely simple. And i945 is still being used on some embedded boards.

 why not a discontinued AMD chip? I'm sure a few of
 the AMD developers on boards have some knowlage in this area.....

IMO, I'd much rather see them working on the latest K8 chipset then K7 stuff, no offense. I'd much rather put coreboot on my next desktop then my last one.

-Corey


text:
Real estate notes: New restaurant for SouthSide Works
• Another new restaurant, this one with a nautical theme, will be coming to the SouthSide Works on the South Side. Miller's Pittsburgh Ale House Restaurant will seek Pittsburgh Planning Commission approval to build a 12,000-square-foot building, on South Water Street, opposite the Hofbrauhaus, facing the bicycle trail and the Monongehela River. A hearing may be held Tuesday March 19. The restaurant, which could be the first of three or four in this region, will have a lower level terrace with patio seating and firepits. It will have its own kitchen and bar area. Above it will be the main level, containing a Florida Room where the glass windows open to provide a sense of outdoor seating.
• Creps United Publictions will rebuild its plant in the 197-acre Windy Ridge Business and Technology Park, in Indiana, Pa.,(141 acres developable) and the plant's size could be about 82,000 square feet. Creps hopes to award construction contracts Wednesday with the major grading to be completed by April 23 and the underground utilities installed by May or early June. Footers are to be installed about April 24 and the first printer/press delivered July 8 with a late summer or early fall opening. Creps hopes to bring back its employees with a phased rehiring as new presses are installed, said Byron G. Stauffer Jr., executive director, Indiana County Office of Planning & Development.
• Allegheny Country Club will ask the Sewickley Heights Historical Architectural Review Board for approval of its plan to remove a deteriorated rear terrace of the club house and replace it with a new terrace similar to that of the present club house. The public hearing, scheduled Monday, starting at 4:15 p.m., will also include a proposal from Andrew and Andrea Bergdoll to install six-foot high fencing to create four animal pens, each with a wooden animal shelter at their property,502 Spanish Tract Road. They also are requesting the removal of evergreen trees and installation of a fruit orchard at their residence. The hearings are at the borough hall, 238 Country Club Rd., Sewickley Heights.
• South Fayette Township Commissioners will review about seven applications from Bridgeville Realty Partners over the zoning classification of its proposed shopping center, called Crossings at South Fayette, Wednesday, starting at 7:30 p.m. at the township building, 515 Millers Run Rd., Morgan. One major change will be to classify the entire complex as a shopping center instead of just half. The complex, which will include about three buildings with multiple tenants, is located at 3039 Washington Pike. Also being consider is an ordinace establishing the height of buildings on the flight-path to Pittsburgh International Airport.
• With Spring approaching, two new painting services are available in the area. There is 1-800-WOW 1Day Painting, a new house painting service, owned by Sewickley businessmen Jame P. Bouchard, Dave Luptak and franchise general manager Frank Persuit. It guarantees one-day completion of painting both interior and exterior surfaces. The service, developed by Brian Scudamore, founder and CEO of 1-800-Got-Junk, guarantees an environmentally friendly but fast service.The other is Student Painters, operated by a Indiana University of Pennsylvania sophmore, Sean Smith, who is the Pittsburgh/Fox Chapel area branch manager.
• Nicholson Construction of Pittsburgh has been awarded the contract for geotechnical work for the new Children's Pavillion at Children's Hospital of Richmond, at the Virginia Commonwealth University by Skanska Building, USA. The $168 million, 640,000-square-foot facility will house 72 exam rooms, a surgical area with two operating rooms, and two procedure rooms, areas for diagnostic testing, imaging and laboratory services. Construction includes an attached parking garage with more than 600 spaces. Nicholson will provide extensive shoring and underpinning for the hospital.
• Westarm Physical Therapy of Lower Burrell, has opened its newest facility at 111 Sherman Ave., near the Vandergrift Bridge, in Vandergrift. Brian Jacob, president, said the facility, that offers aquatic therapy, was opened following the closing by the Armstrong County Memorial Hospital of its pool.
• Ron Croushore, owner and CEO of Prudential Preferred Realty in Pittsburgh, is the 2013 first vice president of the Pennsylvnia Association of Realtors. He also serves on the Pennsylvania Housing Fiance Agency board of directors.
Sam Spatter is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. He can be reached at 412-320-7843 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Transfer Act moves what would soon be named the US
Forest Service from the Department of Interior to the Department of
June 11. Forest Homestead Act (34 Stat. 233)
authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to list with the Secretary of
Interior, for homestead entry, lands within national forests chiefly
valuable for agriculture and not needed for public purposes and which
would not injure the national forests. (See 1912.)
US Forest Service is authorized to return 25 percent
of all national forest receipts to the counties in which the forests
are located and from which the receipts emanated. This money is to be
used exclusively for schools and roads.
June 25. Allotment Act (36 Stat. 863) provides for
Indian allotments of lands within the national forests.
March 1. Weeks Act (amended in 1924) authorizes
purchase of lands for protection of watersheds of navigable streams and
for timber production. It became the instrument through which most of
the National Forest land in the East would be purchased.
August 10. Congress directs (37 Stat. 269) the
Secretary of Agriculture to select, classify and segregate all lands
within the boundaries of national forests that should be open to
settlement and entry under the homestead laws applicable to national
forests. Agricultural lands opened under this law were not to exceed 160
acres. Lists of agricultural lands open to entry under this law were to
be posted in the local land offices and published in a local newspaper.
National Forest lands purchased under provision of the Weeks Act were
not subject to entry under the homestead laws, nor were they open to
settlement under the homestead law unless they had been formally listed
and declared open to entry (USDA, FS Manual c. 1927: 42-L).
John P. Harrington, linguist and ethnologist, visits
the New River area to work with Sally Noble, self-identified as a New
River person and identified by others as speaking a Chimariko dialect.
Harrington, however, traced the origin of her language to those spoken
in Alaska; others have believed the Lower New River Indians to be
Chimalakwe (The Union 7-7-77: 17).
US 199 opened.
December 9. After 13 years in the Ferry Building,
Region 5's headquarters moves to 85 Second Street at Second and Mission
in San Francisco. Need for the larger space was precipitated by the
additional workloads from administering CCC, NIRA, and CWA (Civil Works
Administration) projects. Engineering took-up about 52 percent of the
increased space (CR 12-1-33).
December 11. "Uncle Sam's Forest Rangers," a radio
program on the Western Farm and Home Hour, was discontinued. The story
centered around Ranger Jim Robbins, his assistant Jerry Quick, Mrs. Bess
Robbins, and Jerry's sweetheart, Mary, who all worked at the Pine Cone
Ranger Station. The portrayal was based on actual incidents in Forest
Service life and did much to popularize the agency and its work. The
broadcast was from Chicago and San Francisco and hit a weekly audience
of seven million people. California stations that aired the program were
KGO, KFI, and KSFD. It returned to the airwaves in April 1934.
California's mountain lion population is decreasing;
State Fish & Game Commission pays bounties on only 269 lions this
year, contrasted with 325 in 1932. Since 1930, 54 percent of the lion
scalps turned in were from female lions. ". . . [T]he mountain lion is
the most powerful enemy of the deer. The Chief of the Bureau of Game
Refuge estimated that 269 lions would kill almost 15,000 deer in a year,
besides sheep, cattle, and other domestic animals" (CR 2-2-34).
April 1. Delivery begins of 175 ready-cut buildings
prepared by the Tilden Lumber Company of Oakland and the American
Builders Inc. of Seattle. These Forest Service administrative buildings
are to be constructed primarily by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The
contractors furnish everything except plumbing supplies, cement, and
electrical fixtures (CR 1-19-34).
Paul G. Redington becomes Director of the US
Biological Survey. Nicknamed "The Tall Pine of the Siskiyou," he had been
Region 5's District (Regional) Forester in 1919. He held positions in
the Forest Service in California from 1911 through 1926, except for
three years in Region 3 (CR 2-16-34).
The pay scale for Junior Forester now ranges from
$2,000 to $2,600 per year.
Congress authorizes the Forest Service to acquire land within a Northern
Redwood Purchase Unit (NRPU) in Northwestern California in order to
create a national forest that would assure productive second growth of
redwood. Between 1939 and 1945, the federal government would acquire
14,567 acres of redwood land within the NRPU boundary.
Humboldt State College Ski Club forms and pushes to
develop skiing at Grouse Mountain. Between 1938 and 1941, the club would build
a ski lodge on Grouse Mountain on land donated by Humboldt County Sheriff
Art Ross.
May 28. (See photo on following page.) CCC enrollees
from Camp Gasquet complete the portal to the west boundary of what was
then the Siskiyou National Forest, on Highway 199. Forty-four years
later, a note stuffed in a Listerine bottle was found in the top cap of
the portal monument; it read:
To whom - it - may concern-
That this Portal-to-the West Boundary of-the-Siskiyou
FOREST-was-built-by-the following crew of Gasquet C.C.C.
1. Leroy P. Colbert
2. Noble B. Harris
3. K. Neathberry
4. Winston Scott
5. Edmund Gleeson
6. Walter W. Mallett - USFS. . . . Foreman
7. "Slim" Murdock
To whom - it - may concern-
That this Portal-to-the West Boundary of-the-Siskiyou
FOREST-was-built-by-the following crew of Gasquet C.C.C.
1. Leroy P. Colbert
2. Noble B. Harris
3. K. Neathberry
4. Winston Scott
5. Edmund Gleeson
6. Walter W. Mallett - USFS. . . . Foreman
7. "Slim" Murdock
Red Cap Fire on the Orleans District (Klamath NF)
burns over 16,000 acres (Jarvi 8-8-52: 2).
September 1. Germany invades Poland precipitating
the second World War.
Part of the High Prairie Creek watershed is approved
as an experimental forest under administration of the California Forest
and Range Experiment Station. Subsequently named the Yurok Redwood
Experimental Forest.
CCC begins construction of the first 0.5 mile of the
High Prairie Creek utilization road, beginning at the Yurok Redwood
Experimental Forest headquarters. Survey is underway for the next 1.5
mile of the road.
US enters World War II. Nation-wide, logging is
stepped-up to meet war demands.
November. Regional Foresters from
regions 5 (primarily California) and 6 (primarily Washington and
Oregon) discuss transferring Region 6's Gasquet Ranger District (part of
the Siskiyou National Forest) to Region 5.
Red Rock Fire on the Mad River District (Trinity
National Forest) burns over 10,000 acres (Jarvi 8-8-52: 2).
California reaches a peak output of all types of
lumber, cutting 2,468,943,000 board feet processed by 413 sawmills (DNT
August 14. Japan surrenders; World War II ends.
January 1. Under provisions of California's Forest
Practice Act, timber operators are now required to register with the
State Forester. The Act divides California into four forest districts:
Redwood, North Sierra Pine, South Sierra Pine, and Coast Range Pine and
Fir. Registration is required for all operators cutting and removing
forest products for commercial purposes; registration cost is $1.00 per
year, and "[a]ny operator who fails to register shall be prohibited from
cutting or removing forest products for commercial purposes from the
forest lands" (DNT 1-25-46).
U.S. Senator Sheridan Downey urges legislature to
increase its $1,500,000 appropriation for construction of timber access
roads in California national forests, and to include forest road
appropriations specifically for Trinity County. Senator Downey notes
that wartime timber harvesting had depleted accessible timber in
Washington and Oregon and that California should look to Trinity County
and other state areas to supply lumber (WTJ 1-17-46: 1).
Arcata Chamber of Commerce forms a coalition
committee of representatives from Arcata, Eureka, Blue Lake and Willow
Creek to work on improving the western end of US 299 to prevent
continued diversion of Humboldt County timber from the county to mills
and plants in the Sacramento Valley and elsewhere. Between Willow Creek
and US 101, Highway 299 is narrow, crooked, and has light surfacing (HT
Trinity and Shasta county representatives appear
before the Collier Committeethe Senate committee studying the
state highways, county roads and bridges of California. They plead for
immediate allocation of funds for substantial improvements to US 299
from Redding to Arcata. Representatives cite the tremendous increase in
heavy logging and lumber traffic that was rapidly making it a "menace
to all other traffic on the road" (HT 6-13-46).
Substantial improvements to the
Hyampom to Hayfork Road are promoted. A petition to supervisors and
planning commissioners for Trinity County note that improvements are
crucial because of the "pressing need for a sufficiently improved
highway capable of permitting logs and lumber to be hauled from this
area." In June, Regional Forester S. B. Show met with local Forest
Service officials to decide on roads necessary for future timber
development in Trinity County. The Forest Service is looking at the
possibility of improving the Hayfork Hyampom Road or a road from Grouse
Creek to the coast (WTJ 6-6-46).
February. Chief of the Forest Service, Lyle F. Watts,
approves transfer of Gasquet Ranger District to Region 5.
U.S. Representative Helen Gahagan Douglas introduces
H.R. 6201, proposing creation of the Roosevelt Memorial Redwood
National Forest.
Confusion develops between the Douglas Bill, the
NRPU, and the proposed national forest to be created from existing
pieces of the Siskiyou, Klamath, and Trinity national forests.
Transfer of Gasquet Ranger District made contingent
upon creation of what would later be called the Six Rivers National
Forest, rather than temporarily attaching it to the Klamath National
September. Region 5's Brandeberry Report recommends
final boundaries for the new national forest in Northwest
October. Office space is leased for the new national
forest in Northwest California. The office is on the third and fourth
floors of the Bank of America Building at 350 E Street, on the corner
of 4th and E streets in downtown Eureka. Region 5's Regional Forester,
S. B. Show, issues a press release announcing establishment of this new,
still unnamed, national forest to be headquartered in Eureka.
November. "Six Rivers," as suggested by author Peter
Kyne, is (finally!) chosen as the name for the new national forest.
December. William F. Fischer is assigned to the Six
Rivers as its first forest supervisor. He arrives on the job the
February. State Board of Forestry adopts forest
practice rules for the Redwood Forest District (HT 3-23-47). Forest
practice rules for the Coast Range Pine and Fir district become
effective April 10.
The California Wool Growers' Association, an
organization which strongly opposes creation of additional national
forest system lands, accuses the Forest Service of sponsoring the
Douglas Bill. Supervisor Fischer told the organization that the agency
was neutral on the bill (CR 5-7-47; HT 4-20-47).
May 8. Senator Quinn of Eureka
introduces a resolution in the State Senate memorializing Congress to
defeat the Douglas Bill on the grounds it would decrease, by over half,
the taxable areas within Del Norte, Humboldt, and Mendocino counties,
plus eliminate about 85,000 acres from the taxable land base in Sonoma
County (CR 5-14-47).
May 22. State Legislature sends its Joint Resolution
to Congress protesting the Roosevelt Memorial Redwood Forest bill (CR
June 3. President Harry S. Truman signs Proclamation
2733, establishing the Six Rivers National Forest, consolidating
"certain portions of the Siskiyou, Klamath, and Trinity National
July. Six Rivers releases its report: "Forest
Situation in Humboldt and Del Norte Counties, 1947." This report set the
context for policies and practices for the forest's inaugural years.
P.G. & E. begins its project to provide
electricity to the Trinity River Valleyfrom Del Loma to
Orleansincluding Burnt Ranch, Willow Creek, Salyer, Hoopa, and
Klamath River Conservation Club circulates a petition
to put an initiative on the ballot to regulate the dumping of mining
debris in the Trinity and Klamath rivers. In 1924, Californians had
passed an initiative creating the Klamath Recreational area, barring
electric power dams and other obstructions. The impetus was to protect
the tourism and fishing trade. (In Redwood Empire Labor Journal: the
official publication for all American Federation of Labor Unions in
Northwest California. Cf. 7-3-47, Vol. VII, No. 17, p. 1.)
A survey by "Log and Saw" finds that, for 1947,
employment in the lumber industry is at an all-time high in Humboldt
County. However, they also note that some of the smaller operations were
having difficulty paying their employees on-time. Demand for skilled
workers in the industry is high, but there are fears that at least 40
percent of the 161 existing mills in the county will be defunct within
three years and that jobs will be increasingly scarce. Wages have
dropped about 10 percent from the all-time high in 1946. Lack of housing
for new workers is a severe problem. Labor strikes are ongoing at many
mills, though most of them are "humming" at or near capacity because of
scab crews (HT 10-17-47).
Six Rivers' Supervisor's Office moves from the Bank
of America Building to Third Street, between B and C streets, on the
floor above what is Lenzi's Restaurant. The SO will remain at this
location for about one year.
Some blister rust is detected on the Six Rivers, but
no control work is planned because sugar pine is not sufficiently
important to this forest (Cronemiller and Kern 1949: 20).
Allowable annual cut for 1949,
including 11,000,000 board feet from the NRPU, is 150,000,000 (Fischer
Range values compose less than 20 percent of the Six
Rivers' land area. There are 28 grazing allotments on the forest capable
of 18,000 animal months; there are 48 permits in effect. Rates for
grazing are figured in relation to meat prices and are currently running
from 50 to 60 cents per animal per month (HT 3-13-49; Cronemiller &
Kern 1949: 1, 30; Fischer 1950: 23).
Eighteen sawmills are operating within the Six Rivers
administrative boundary with an annual capacity of 71,000,000 board feet
(HT 3-13-49; Cronemiller & Kern 1949:1, 30; Fischer 1950: 23).
The Six Rivers' SO moves to 23 Fifth St. It is
located in a converted residence that looks very much like the
neighboring building that will later become Kwan's Cafe.
Spring. A joint Klamath-Six Rivers analysis looks into
whether the huge, 585,000-acre Happy Camp Ranger District should be
divided and another district added and headquartered at Somes Bar, or
whether part of the Happy Camp District should go to the Orleans
District. Given the first scenario, Somes Bar was seen as the only
possible location on the Klamath, but it was nearly on the Six Rivers
boundary line and only eight miles from Orleans (Cronemiller and Kern
1949: 32).
Six Rivers' receipts for the fiscal year are $152,471
from timber sales, $14,448 in grazing permits, $8,189 in other land use permits,
and $335 in power permits.
Supervisor's Office moves to Fourth and J streets;
this office is the first built especially for the Six Rivers.
Six Rivers' allowable annual cut, including
12,000,000 from the NRPU's Requa working circle, is 138,604,000 board
Six Rivers' policy for Douglas fir in small,
even-aged groups is to selectively harvest "with a view toward
converting to the practice of clear cutting in blocks... in the minimum
number of cutting cycles.... Stands with the highest proportion of
over-mature and decadent volume normally will be scheduled for cutting
first. Good risk mature and immature elements will be withheld from
cutting whenever practicable, economic, and silviculturally desirable.
Sales during the first cutting cycle will be directed toward the most
rapid development of the primary transportation system, consistent with
the allowable annual rate of cutting.... Short term sales (under three
years) will be preferred. Sales will be programmed to dispose of the full allowable cut annually with 25
percent excess permissible in any one year provided the total of
five-year periods does not exceed five times the annual allowable cut"
(Bluff Creek Working Circle 1-31-52: 7,11). The basis for computing the
annual allowable cut is a rotation of 150 years.
Congress looks favorably upon construction of forest
access roads during the 1950s. Working in cooperation with the
California State Division of Highways and the Public Road
Administration, the Forest Service takes a lead role in developing
forest road projects. The Six Rivers, viewed as a virtually untapped
timber resource due to a dearth of roads, becomes the recipient of
Congress largess; with the implied message to produce timber sales
accordingly. For example, a seven-mile stretch of two-lane road near
Weitchpec, where the Trinity flows into the Klamath River, is earmarked
by Congress to receive $1,000,000 for realignment and widening. Congress
also designates $3,000,000 to partially realign and re-construct twelve
miles of Highway 299 between Berry Summit and Willow Creek. Another
forest road between Korbel and Hyampom is slated for construction in
order to substantially reduce the 200 circuitous miles that separate
Hyampom from Eureka (HT 3-5-52 and 3-5-52).
Six Rivers receipts for the fiscal year total
$236,268, "an all-time high." Fifty-five percent above the previous
year's receipts, it marks the first time since its creation that the Six
Rivers was financially "self-sustaining." Additionally, receipts from
the Northern Redwood Purchase Unit total $50,252, also a record-breaker.
The increase is directly traced to substantial increases in the
cost of timber. The Six Rivers has collected $221,255 from its timber
sales, $10,329 from grazing permits, $4,340 in other land use permits,
and $343 in power permits. Twenty-five percent of these receipts are
apportioned to the counties (HT 7-10-52: 1).
Patrols by contract aircraft are used over the
forest's Blue Creek area in cooperation with state forestry and the
timber industry. Six Rivers personnel question its value, compared with
fire lookouts, "because of the short period of actual detection
obtained per day." Reconnaissance planes are used routinely after
lightning storms (Jarvi 8-8-52: 16).
The abandoned Bluff Creek Guard Station on Orleans
Ranger District, consisting of an old two room cabin and a one car
garage/storeroom, is no longer used. Regional Office inspectors
recommend that the structures be "high graded for any salvageable
material and the remains demolished and burned to make room for
additional campground development. Any future needs for quarters in this
vicinity should be made available at the Adorni Place." The Adorni Place
was described as a tract of land recently acquired by the Forest
Service, on the highway, about one mile below Bluff Creek. It had three
or four acres of flat open land with a small orchard and meadow, and
plenty of water. The improvements were described as "a good summer home
type of dwelling and a 2 or 3 car garage" (Williams 1952: 3).
RO inspector notes that, at Salyer Bar Ranger
Station: "The conversion of the old school house building into a two
room cabin is progressing OK... [and the] old shed and outside toilet on
the schoolhouse site should be done away with." The inspector also notes
that the residence on the station site and used by the dispatcher was
"not owned by the Forest Service... it was constructed at the time and
expense of the dispatcher." Also noted was that the old ranger station
building at the mouth of Southfork, "although old and not well located,
is in fair condition and is badly needed to help out the present acute
housing situation. It is now being used by Timber sale men, but water
must be hauled in [because the spring on the hill above the house had
dried up]" (Williams 1952: 3-5).
Mad River Rock Lookouta standard 14' x 14'
building on a large high rock, accessible only by a 120-step wooden
stairwayis used infrequently. Because of limited local visibility
from the lookout, it is recommended that the site be evaluated for
elimination if the "new Trinity [National Forest] lookout tower for
Pickett Peak can be placed on the point to the northwest of its present
location" (Williams 1952: 3-5).
A diary analysis for the Orleans District Ranger,
Yates, and his Assistant Ranger and Fire Control Assistant, indicate
that the district's most serious problems are: 1. Keeping-up with
boundary survey checks for trespass when private operators cut next to
National Forest boundaries. 2. Failure of timber operators to complete
contracts under specified time constraints. 3. Fraudulent mining claims.
4. Securing Forest Service rights-of-way. 5. Establishing special use
residence tracts. 6. Inadequate campgrounds along the Klamath. 7. Lack
of stream measuring devices. 8. Inadequate trail betterment. 9. Lack of
progress with actualizing the station development plan. 10. Lack of a
fireman station for the Doctor Rock lookout. 11. Lack of adherence to
fire prevention. 12. Inadequate initial attack force at Orleans drawn
from the local population; a request had yielded only 10 men under the
age of 60 (Yates 3-19-53).
The Six Rivers' actual cut for the fiscal year is
only 30,000,000 board feet (Payne 1-20-54: 1).
August. Lightning touches-off over 70 fires on the
Six Rivers; 11 of them large enough or in places that are problematic.
Lower Trinity and Mad River districts are hardest hit; the temperature
hit 110-degrees on 12 August, making nerves even more jittery (HT
8-14-53: 1)
California's Governor Knight urges the Forest Service
to step-up its road construction in the "Trinity timber area," which
included some of the eastern fringe of the Six Rivers National Forest.
Pointing to "over-ripe" timber that is "infested with forest parasites,"
he advocated pushing roads to access the timber heretofore economically
unreachable. He supported harvest of decadent timber, believing it
would promote growth of new trees and meaningfully contribute to the
well-being of the region (HT 1954: unk.).
"The transportation bite out of the total forest
budget is still running at about 20 percent" (West 1-12-56: 2).
Arcata Redwood Company ceases clear cutting practices
on its property (ARC 1973: 8).
Richmond-San Rafael Bridge completed. East Bay
afforded much more convenient accessibility to the North Coast
A business recession begins and persists through
1958. It "affected not only the production of lumber, as shown by trade
association figures, but also the number of sawmills operating in
California. Twenty percent fewer mills were active in 1957 than in
1956572 mills against 695, according to figures just compiled by
the Experiment Station.... Comparison of the two sets of figures [1956
and 1957] shows that the smaller the size-class of mill in 1956, the
lower the proportion of mills operating during 1957...
In spite of the shut-down of some active mills and
the elimination of some operable mills, 63 new mills were operated in
1957, two-thirds of them in the Redwood Region. However, the 63 fell
far short of replacing the 203 active in 1956 which became idle or
non-existent in 1957 [at least in terms of numbers of mills]."
Of the 669 mills existing at the end of 1957, the
Pine Region claimed 290, and 379 were in the Redwood Region (USDA, FS,
Newton Drury retires as Chief of the State Division
of Parks and Beaches. At least since the 1920s, he had been very active
in the Save-the-Redwoods League and had held office in that organization
for many years.
June 12. Congress passes the Multiple Use-Sustained
Yield Act. It declares: "The National Forests are established and shall be
administered for outdoor recreation, range, timber, watershed, and
wildlife and fish purposes." MUSY directs the Secretary of Agriculture
"to develop and administer the renewable surface resources of the
national Forests for multiple use and sustained yield of the several
products and services obtained therefrom."
After experimenting with the
clear-cutting practices applied to company property prior to 1955,
Arcata Redwood Company deems that clear cutting "best fits the tree
species, terrain, soil, weather and other conditions existing on the
property the company owns and manages." Further, company officials
conclude that the best practice is to immediately follow clear cutting
with spot burning to substantially reduce the fire threat, and that
"exposure of mineral soil during logging and spot burning has developed
highly effective seedbeds for new crops." They also report that
helicopter reseeding after logging "has produced the desired species
mix on company property" and that "streams and water quality can be
effectively protected under clear cutting as well as under any other
logging method" (ARC 1973: 8-9).
Nationally, Forest Service timber sales reach an
all-time high of 12.2 billion board feet. From 1950 to 1960, National
Forest timber harvest increases 2.7 times and cash receipts 4.8 times.
In the same period, National Forest recreation more than triples to a
record number of 92.5 million visits (USDA, FS 1960: 5-6).
May 1. Harvest on the NRPU lands of the Turwar Ridge
Sale commences; it is completed June 21 and burned October 1. The sale
was on nine acres with a 65 percent average slope; 800 mbf were
harvested with a 20 percent cull.
May 10. Harvest begins on the Mypaw Sale, on NRPU
lands. Cutting is completed August 15 and burned October 7. Sale area
average slope was 60 to 70 percent; 1.246 mbf were harvested.
September 3. The Wilderness Act becomes law. Under
provisions of the Act, about 10,000,000 acres in 60 areas managed by the
Forest Service were set aside as wilderness. The Act also directs the
agency to study 35 additional Primitive Areas and to make
recommendations as to each area's suitability for inclusion in the
national Wilderness Preservation System. The Salmon Trinity Alps
Primitive Area with parts of it on the Shasta-Trinity, Klamath, and Six
Rivers national forests was one of the study areas. It had been
established as a Primitive Area in 1932. (Cf. "A Wilderness
Reclassification Study, Salmon Trinity Alps," California Region
pamphlet, n.d.)
In about this year, the Supervisor's Office is moved
to 710 E Street at the corner of 7th and E streets in Eureka. This
building is built expressly for occupation by the Six Rivers National
Congress passes the National Historic Preservation
Congress passes the National Environmental Policy
April 5, CBS reporter Richard Threlkeld broadcasts a
story on Walter Cronkite's Evening News, one of the most watched
news programs on television. Threlkeld strongly criticizes Forest
Service management, particularly on the Six Rivers National Forest.
Among other statements in the story, he comments: "On the backroads of
the Six Rivers Forest whole mountain sides of virgin timber have been
cut away leaving nothing but rocks and dirt." Regional Forester Douglas
Leisz hotly argues the story with CBS President Richard S. Salant,
contending that Threlkeld had chosen an area predominantly on private
land and that, moreover, the statement was false. Salant countered that
Threlkeld and his crew had not filmed "a single scene from any area
which was privately owned or logged during private ownership." Further
Salant said that Threlkeld had sought unsuccessfully on the Six Rivers
to "find a single young growing tree even of pencil size" on clear-cut
areas. Salant closed by saying that "Mr. Threlkeld has traveled through
dozens of national forests and he informs me that he has never seen one
that suffered from the neglect and the evidence of man's encroachment
that is represented by the Six Rivers area" (Salant 5-5-71).
Further incensed, Leiszwho had earlier in his
career served as Ranger on the Lower Trinity Districtpersuaded
Threlkeld to revisit the Six Rivers and other northern national forests.
Accepting the invitation, the four day trip started September 27. While
on the Six Rivers, they visited the unit on the Little Jones Sale that
had prompted the reported lack of restocking after clear-cut. The
California Log reported that the group "found that the block
previously chosen by Threlkeld... had a stocking level of 1,000 trees
per acre." Threlkeld, after noting the land lines in the field trip,
also said that, indeed, private land had been included in the film. The
group discussed soil stabilization problems associated with clear
cutting on steep areas (CL 10-25-71). Though the written communication
from Threlkeld following the trip was not in file, an October 22, 1971
letter from Doug Leisz to Mr. Salant praised Threlkeld for his
objectivity on the second trip, noting that the group and seen some of
the bad as well as the good. He lamented that the broadcast on the
Cronkite show had misinformed the public but was heartened by the latter
"open exchange of views and searching out of facts" (Leisz
California's Z'berg-Nejedly Forest Practices Act
becomes law, increasing public regulation of private logging.
Six Rivers ranks fifth in Region 5, both in total
collections and in timber receipts out of the total of 17 national
forests, behind: 1. Lassen, 2. Shasta-Trinity, 3. Plumas, and 4.
Sierra Club appeals the Six
Rivers' contract to construct the Dillon-Flint Section of the
Gasquet-Orleans Road. Sierra Club contends that the 6 to 8-mile road
extension intrudes into roadless land, is a major Federal action under
the National Environmental Policy Act, and therefore, should have been
covered by an Environmental Statement rather than the analysis that was
done; also contends that the Six Rivers' analysis documentation did not
meet requirements of the Multiple Use Sustained - Yield Act.
Wintu and Wailacki descendants living in Hettenshaw
Valley area oppose Forest Service proposed road construction in the
vicinity, contending that the timber road would violate an Indian
burial ground, squander fishing resources, and open the area to further
vandalism and depredations (Wassaja 10-75).
The Six Rivers attempts to address Native American
opposition to construction of the Gasquet-Orleans Road by proposing
designation of the entire area as a National Historic District, with
preservation of the major ceremonial sites protected by a half-mile
radius buffer.
November. Sierra Club and Forest Service settle a
suit regarding the adequacy of the Final Environmental Impact Statement
for the Fox Planning Unit on Jones and Hurdygurdy creeks near the South
Fork Smith River. The FS agreed to undertake various detailed studies
and long-term monitoring programs to determine the environmental
effects of the proposed timber harvest units. There was a resulting
five-volume report. Forest Service engineers, Farrington and Savina
comment that: "Landslides associated with clear cutting alone can also
produce downslope effects, but our observations suggest that individual
slide volumes from vegetation removal are one to two orders of magnitude
less than slides associated with roads."
National Forest Management Act directs forests to
develop plans that guide all management for 10 to 15 year periods.
The Six Rivers commissions an ethnographic,
historical, and archaeological study of the Gasquet-Orleans Road area;
the results lead to a recommendation that road construction and log
hauling in the area be ceased. The Forest Service, however, argues that
national economic interests should take precedence over Indian cultural
interests and continued to pursue the G-O Road completion.
Six Rivers Forest Supervisor Joe Harn appeals to the
County Board of Supervisors to do what it can to help protect Forest
Service employees in the Orleans area. He notes that employees' lives
are filled with intimidation and harassment. He says two federal
special agents have been assigned to the area because of the growing
friction in the community. Harn believes part of the
blame resides with the local marijuana industry. One
Supervisor believes part of the problem has to do with people who are
against the Forest Service's use of herbicides. Harn notes that about 40
percent of the forestry positions in Orleans have gone unfilled "because
of the reputation the area has as a bad place to work" (TS 9-3-80).
An arsonist starts several fires on Gasquet RD,
including a 109-acre fire behind the Patrick Creek Lodge.
Sierra Club proposes designating a 171,500 acre area
in the Siskiyou Mountains for wilderness, including portions of the
Siskiyou National Forest in Region 6, and the Klamath and Six Rivers
national forests in Region 5. Within what is termed the Siskiyou Study
Area, inventories will be made of the area's wilderness, recreation,
wildlife, water, forage, timber, minerals, and soils resources as well
as inventories of existing land uses and the anticipated social effects
of various alternatives (USDA, FS 1968).
Department of Interior's Heritage Conservation and
Recreation Service makes available for public review its Draft
Environmental Impact Statement for including the Klamath, Trinity,
Smith, Eel, and lower American rivers into the National Wild and Scenic
Rivers system. Totaling 4,000 miles, these rivers are already included
in the California Wild and Scenic Rivers system.
A coalition of environmentalists, most notably the
Sierra Club, joins with Indian individuals and organizations to bring
suit against the Forest Service for its planned construction of the
Gasquet-Orleans Road on the grounds of religious freedom as well as on
the grounds of environmental issues.
May. Judge Stanley Weigel of the Federal District
Court of Northern California rules on the Northwest Indian Cemetery
Protective Association v. Peterson. His decision said that
construction of the Gasquet-Orleans Road through public land held sacred
by the Yurok, Karuk, and Tolowa would seriously undermine the Indians'
right to free exercise of religion. It is a groundbreaking decision that
affirms protection of Indian sacred sites on public land under the First
Amendment. The G-O Road runs about 50 miles over the Siskiyou
Mountains; on completion of a seven mile connection near the center of
the route, it was to provide a key transportation link for that quadrant
of northwestern California. Though early on, some Native Americans
objected to completion of the G-O Road, administrative appeals and legal
suits against the project were initially filed by environmentalists on
the basis of environmental issues. The religious use is largely
meditational and hinges on the near-natural condition of the
surrounding environment. When the case reached District Court, Judge Weigel
linked environmental issues with Indian religious freedom... ruling that
essential environmental components were key elements in Indian religious
freedom. He also found no national interests sufficient to override the
plaintiffs' First Amendment rights (Buckley 1983: n.p).
About 128,000 acres is designated
as wilderness on the Six Rivers National Forest under provisions of the
Wilderness Act.
Six Rivers National Forest releases its Draft Land
and Resource Management Plan in accord with the National Forest
Management Act.
Smith River National Recreation Area Act passes to
preserve, protect, and enhance recreation values of the Smith River
The northern spotted owl is listed as a threatened
species. In a resultant law suit related to Forest Service management of
the owl, the Forest Service is enjoined from logging any suitable
northern spotted owl habitat in the Pacific Northwest until an
environmental assessment is completed under the National Environmental
Policy Act. This injunction immediately drops logging levels to record
lows throughout the Pacific Northwest, including the Six Rivers National
Six Rivers withdraws its Draft Land and Resource
Management Plan as a result of establishment of the Smith River
National Recreation Area and listing of the northern spotted owl as a
threatened species.
Long term price trend per thousand board feet of
lumber for the Six Rivers spirals from below $50 in the early 1970s to
over $350 in FY 1992.
American Fisheries Society identifies 214 stocks
of anadromous salmonids in need of special consideration because of
low or declining numbers. Twelve of these stocks are found in
habitat managed by the Six Rivers National Forest. This leads to the
eventual listing of steelhead and coho salmon as threatened species
in 1997.
Marbled murrelet, whose habitat includes portions
of the Six Rivers, is listed as a threatened species.
April 2. President Clinton convenes the Forest
Conference in Portland, Oregon to "stop the train wreck" and
address the "human and environmental needs served by the federal
forests of the Pacific Northwest and Northern California." Clinton
directs his Cabinet to develop a long-term policy for federal forest
lands in this region.
The Northwest Forest Plan is released in
response to direction provided by President Clinton in the 1993 Forest
Conference. The plan also resolves the 1990 lawsuit regarding management
of the northern spotted owl. The plan is the first large scale,
inter-agency effort in ecosystem management; it addresses the needs of a
wide range of species dependent on late-successional and old-growth
habitat, including the northern spotted owl and the marbled murrelet.
The plan includes social and economic strategies in its ecosystem
approach in order to provide for human communities hardest hit by
plummeting timber harvest levels.
Six Rivers releases its Land and Resource
Management Plan. The plan incorporates direction from The
Northwest Forest Plan and reflects the shift in Forest Service
policy away from maximization of timber yields and toward ecosystem


text:
Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Business Operations' started by Shane Scaife, Feb 21, 2005.
I will have 10,000 printed.
Looks good Shane. I see you used www.lawncaredoorhangers.com (aka www.printstart.com).
Only suggestion I'd make is to have your company name at the top, where Lawn Care already is. It's a little lost on the side there.
You putting them out yourself?
Me and a friend and our wives.
Looks good...Whats the $108 give away?
You better get moving if 4 people is going to handle 10,000 of these. Plan on taking at least 100 hours to deliver them. That's a lot of hours if you are doing it in spare time.
Looks good, but the name is hard to find. Aeration/Overseeding looks like it has a different font. Other then that, it looks like most any door hanger. Nothing makes it stand out. Have you thought of going full color (usually not muck more then 2 color) with pictures and glossy finish? I would consider doing two sides as well. I noticed you had a $108 giveaway. Are you the one with carpet cleaning too? If so, the double side could work great for both services.
I only suggested the upgrades because of the amount you are having done. You will put a lot of work into delivering 10K. Might as well get the best bang for the buck.
Either way you should do just fine. Good luck.
Looks great, although it seems a little too busy. My eyes were everywhere... sometimes a little simpler is better IMO.
Hi Shane Scaife,
Great job putting that together. You have a lot of information on your door hanger. You might want to leave it just the way it is or you might want to put some of that information on the back side of the door hanger. Either way, good for you for making it and moving forwards. You never know if it will work or not until you try it !
Thank you for all the input.
The # one reason for this type and setup is the cost. I have limited funds for this venture. So I went with the two colors one sided and the extra 5000 for free (letting them add their tag, at the bottom). As things get going I will go with the full color two sided. I'm tracking to the dollar so even an extra $50 makes a difference. I try to be a stickler when it comes to cost.
As for the name, I wanted what I do to be headlines and my name second. When I'm looking for a service I look for the service not the name of the provider. As I grow that may change. But as of now they don't know my name anyway so they will be buying the service not my name. Just my opinion.
Yes, I also offer Carpet Cleaning (Mostly commercial) and yes the $108 is for three rooms cleaned free! But only if they complete the full season of LC. @ a min of $30 weekly cut or if they have over $800 worth of work done. It's more so to get their attention and let them know we offer additional services.
I will also be having full color double-sided brochures going out (To be posted later). These will go to my CC clients and commercial prospects.


text:
FROM THE PUBLISHER >> More words from Kansas grim reaper
Leader publisher
Jonathan Phelps, who was in Beebe last week demonstrating at the funeral for a local soldier who died in Baghdad two weeks ago, was picketing Monday in front of a hardware store in Topeka, Kan.
Phelps said he and his group from Westboro Baptist Church, who demonstrate every day in many parts of the country, were picketing in their hometown because the hardware store was selling vacuum cleaners from Sweden, which tolerates homosexuality, like this country.
Thats why he was in Arkansas last week, picketing outside First Baptist Church of Beebe, where the funeral services for Army Specialist Bobby West were about to get underway.
In his mind, Americas tolerance of homosexuals has brought Gods wrath down on this nation and is the reason U.S. soldiers are dying in Afghanistan and Iraq. You can get more information from his Web site godhatesamerica.com.
We asked him, What is your evidence that soldiers dying in Iraq is linked to homosexuality? If it is in the Bible, please cite the verse(s) and phrase(s). If it is a direct link to God that you have, please specify date, time and place in which you received the message.
Phelps e-mail response: Pur-suant to my never-ending quest to NOT reinvent the wheel, and because youre a lucky duck today, I cut and pasted for your immediate reference a Dear Margie response hot off the press, touching upon what you mockingly refer to as a direct link to God. (We receive hundreds, if not thousands of e-mails a day, with questions similar to yours; some of which we respond to.)
The Dear Margie response includes this sentence: We have the unspeakable privilege, unique among all humankind, of being Gods mouth on earth in the Last Days, which is Our Day.
I can read (the Bible), Phelps added.
Most church members appear related his father, Fred Phelps, runs the church, and Jonathans brother and sister and children also demonstrate at funerals. They usually drive long distances when they find out about military funerals.
The members of Westboro Baptist Church are employed full-time, many working enough to equal the hours of two full-time positions, Phelps told us. The church members pay their own way to conduct open-air preaching, a/k/a protesting or picketing.
But why protest at funerals?
This particular platformsoldiers funerals, a/k/a patriotic pep rallies, has been created by an apostate nation who have exalted idolatry to an art form in the manner in which they worship the dead, and while they draw close to God with their lips, their hearts are far from Him. Matthew 15:7-8: Ye hypocrites, well did Isaiah prophesy of you, saying, This people draweth nigh unto Me with their mouth, and honoreth Me with their lips, but their heart is far from Me.
But God has promised terror to a nation like America: Leviticus 26:14 But if ye will not hearken unto me, and will not do all these commandments; 15 And if ye shall despise My statutes, or if your soul abhor My judgments, so that ye will not do all my commandments, but that ye break My covenant: 16 I also will do this unto you; I will even appoint over you terror, consumption, and the burning plague, that shall consume the eyes, and cause sorrow of heart: and ye shall sow your seed in vain, for your enemies shall eat it. And I will set my face against you, and ye shall be slain before your enemies: they that hate you shall reign over you; and ye shall flee when none pursueth you. 18 And if ye will not yet for all this hearken unto Me, then I will punish you seven times more for your sins. 19 And I will break the pride of your power; and I will make your heaven as iron, and your earth as brass. 20 And your strength shall be spent in vain: for your land shall not yield her increase, neither shall the trees of the land yield their fruits.
When we asked him why he was so angry and if he might consider cooling his rhetoric, he replied, What you and every eternity-bound soul needs to concern yourself about is the anger of the Lord. See, for example, Jeremiah 23:20: The anger of the LORD shall not return until He has executed, and till He has performed the thoughts of His heart; in the latter days ye shall consider it perfectly.
Thats what is wrong with this evil country, they have no fear of the Lord, and so theyre dirt dumb. Phelps continued. Job 28:28 And unto man He said, Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom; and to depart from evil is understanding.
Therefore, we deliver the following message to this country: Proverbs 1:27-28: When your fear cometh as desolation and your destruction cometh as a whirlwind; when distress and anguish cometh upon you, then shall they call upon me, but I will not answer; they shall seek Me early, but they shall not find Me. And not only does God not answer these evil American people when His calamities strike them at His hand, such as killing their young children in this bloody war, He laughs and mocks them when He visits them in wrath.
Lets hope there are no military funerals in your town. That way you wont have to see Phelps and his grim entourage.


text:
Subject: Re: [htdig] htdig output templates: XML? RDF? SHOE? DAML?
From: Geoff Hutchison (firstname.lastname@example.com)
Date: Fri Dec 10 1999 - 09:54:20 PST
At 8:25 AM +0000 12/10/99, Rzepa, Henry wrote:
>I began to wonder whether a more formal method might exist
>to allow the results of different search engines to inter-operate,
>and to eliminate the rather ungainly need for plugins in the first
>place (ie Sherlock plugins are proprietary and incompatible
>with other plugins).
This is a lovely goal. There are similar projects for working out
some standard, user-friendly syntax for search queries as well.
>so my question to THIS forum and the developers is whether you
>folks have any strategic long term goal of moving the output of
>htrdig into an inter-operable arena, which might implement any
>of the methods described below.
I think for now the default will stay some form of HTML. But as you
know, it's pretty easy to change the output of htsearch to *any*
form, so it shouldn't be too difficult to support other output types
as they come along. Is there any particular block to defining
templates for any of these? After all, there's nothing that says that
header.html, footer.html, etc. have to actually be HTML! You could
just as easily define a header.xml, footer.xml...
Of course, many of the projects you mentioned work on the data side
as well as the output. For example, some people use RDF to describe
their site's metadata. So ht://Dig should support this as well.
Suggestions and contributions are very welcome--it's hard to keep
tabs on all the evolving standards.
(Does this answer your question?)
-Geoff Hutchison
Williams Students Online
To unsubscribe from the htdig mailing list, send a message to
You will receive a message to confirm this.
This archive was generated by hypermail 2b28 : Fri Dec 10 1999 - 10:13:33 PST


text:
"Madame Butterfly" Designer Jun Kaneko. Photo by Tony Powell. 2017 WNO Season Opener. Kennedy Center. May 6, 2017
"Madame Butterfly" Designer Jun Kaneko, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Photo by Tony Powell. 2017 WNO Season Opener. Kennedy Center. May 6, 2017
Emily Reifel, Designer Ed Libby. Photo by Tony Powell. MGM National Harbor Grand Opening. December 8, 2016
Designer Nancy Corzine, Leonard Lauder, Andrea Mitchell, ADDF Exec. Dir. and Chief Science Officer Dr. Howard Fillit and VP Nancy Sanford, Elise Lefkowitz. Photo by Tony Powell. 2014 Great Ladies Luncheon and Fashion Show. Ritz Carlton. April 1, 2014
Kara Kennedy Fund Graphic Designer Ramona Carver and Rachel Carver. Photo by Tony Powell. Kara Kennedy Fund Launch Party. Jaleo Bethesda. February 18, 2014
"Tallest Tree" Lighting Designer David Lander, Sarah Helden. Photo by Tony Powell. "The Tallest Tree in the Forest" Opening Night Dinner. January 16, 2014
Tom Anderson, Interior designer Susan Beimler, Marc Schapell. Photo by Tony Powell. Georgetown House Tour Patrons Party. Anderson/Schappell residence. April 24, 2013
Costume designer Reggie Ray. Helen Hayes Awards After Party. Photo by Tony Powell. JW Marriott. April 25, 2011
Designer B Michael, Myrna Colley-Lee. Ailey Gala 2011. Photo by Tony Powell. Kennedy Center. February 1, 2011
Designer B Michael, Myrna Colley-Lee, Ailey Gala 2011. Photo by Tony Powell. Kennedy Center. February 1, 2011
Fashion Designer Afua Sam. Put on the Gloves Fashion Event for the Trevor Project. Photo by Tony Powell. Town. January 27, 2011
Fashion Designer Tory Burch, Dina Habib Powell. Photo by Tony Powell. WHCAD pre-parties. Hilton Hotel. May 1, 2010


text:
|From: Sam Tobin-Hochstadt (samth at ccs.neu.edu)
Date: Wed Jun 23 14:29:50 EDT 2010
At the Northeastern PLT lunch today, I proposed adding a top-level `data' collection, for all manner of data structures. People here thought it was a good idea, so I'm proposing it to the whole group. Definitely candidates: Hari Prashanth's functional data structure library (which he's been working on with me) `unstable/skip-list' (by Ryan) `unstable/interval-map' (by Ryan) `unstable/queue' (by Carl) Possible candidates (these would still be provided by `racket' if they are currently): `racket/dict' `racket/set' `racket/list' `racket/vector' `unstable/{list,dict,set,hash}' `unstable/sexp-diff' Thoughts? -- sam th samth at ccs.neu.edu
|Posted on the dev mailing list.


text:
This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Expression of human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGMCSF), a cytokine of therapeutic importance, as a thioredoxin (TRX) fusion has been investigated in
Human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGMCSF) is a cytokine, secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts in response to immune and inflammatory stimuli. Mature human GMCSF is a glycoprotein and consists of 127 amino acid residues, with four cysteines being involved in two disulfide bonds [
Protein misfolding or inaccurate processing by cellular molecular chaperones ultimately results in formation of biologically inactive protein. Hence, optimization of the expression conditions or laborious refolding studies is required to achieve an active protein. Also, many eukaryotic proteins cannot be expressed successfully in
hGMCSF was cloned in pET21a and expressed in BL21 (DE3) codon plus cells in the shake flask scale (100 mL LB). As seen in
The TRX-GMCSF, containing a six His-tag in between the fusion partners TRX and GMCSF, was purified through Ni2+-NTA sepharose following the protocol described in the Experimental section. The purified fusion protein (
For structural functional and clinical studies, therapeutic proteins in soluble active forms are in large demand. Human GMCSF protein has been described to function in the treatment of myeloid leukemia, neutropenia and aplastic anemia. Although, different expression systems have been explored to express recombinant human GMCSF (such as CHO, yeast, bacteria,
High GC content and the presence of rare codons in the native human GMCSF gene are reported to be causative hurdles in the expression of recombinant human GMCSF (rhGMCSF) in
Here, we report the soluble expression of hGMCSF in
The hGMCSF gene was amplified using a synthetic gene (GenScript, U.S.) by polymerase chain reaction using the oligos with reduced GC content, forward: 5′ CCG CCG GAA TTC GGA TCC GAT GAT GAT GAT AAA GCA (GGC) CCC (ACT) GCC (GTG) CGC (GCC) TCG (TGC) CCC (AGC) AGC (ATC) 3′ as and reverse: 5′ CCG CCG GAA TTC AAG CTT TCA CTC CTG GAC TGG CTC CCA 3′. The codons within brackets show the original sequence of the human GMCSF gene. PCR cycling conditions were: 94 °C for 4 min followed by 5 cycles of 94 °C for 30 s, 53 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 30 s and 25 cycles of 94 °C for 30 s, 65 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 30 s. The PCR product was cloned into pET21a as an
The pET21a-rhGMCSF and pET32a-rhGMCSF constructs were separately introduced into BL21 (DE3) codon plus cells and expression was carried out at 37 °C for 4 h in 100 mL Luria Broth containing 100 μg/mL ampicillin. The cells were induced with 1 mM IPTG and the induced cell pellet was suspended in 10 mM TrisCl, pH 8.0 followed by lysis by sonication (Sonics Vibracell, U.S.). Separation of soluble and insoluble fractions was carried out by centrifugation of the sonicated lysate at 13,000 rpm for 10 min and both the fractions were analyzed on SDS-PAGE followed by Coomassie blue staining.
The large scale fermentation was carried out in a 2 L bioreactor (Sartorius, Germany) with 2 L in-house media with 1% glycerol [
The cleared soluble fraction containing TRX-rhGMCSF was passed through Ni2+-NTA column (GE Healthcare, Sweden) pre-equilibrated with 10 mM TrisCl, pH 8.0 containing 10 mM imidazole (Sigma, U.S.). After washing the column with equilibration buffer, the bound protein was eluted with a gradient of imidazole (0.1–0.5 M). The elute fractions containing the majority of the pure TRX-hGMCSF protein was dialyzed overnight against 10 mM TrisCl, pH 8.0 at 4 °C. For enterokinase reaction, pure TRX-hGMCSF was passed through a second round of purification on Ni2+-NTA Sepharose that was pre-equilibrated with TrisCl, pH 8.0 in a batch mode in continuous motion in a rotating mixer. The bound fusion protein, was digested with bovine enterokinase (4.5 U/mg of pure fusion protein) (Novagen, U.S.) for four hours at room temperature in the presence of 1 mM CaCl2. The flow through was collected by centrifugation of the contents at 4400 rpm for 10 min and all samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by silver staining.
The RP-HPLC was carried out using an ACE C18 (4.6 mm × 150 mm) column on SHIMADZU LC-2010CHT HPLC system provided with a quaternary pump, a thermostatted autosampler, a thermostatted column compartment, and a multiple wavelength ultraviolet (UV) detector. Data was collected and analyzed using LC Solution Software (Version 1.24). The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% TFA in 10% Acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% TFA in 90% Acetonitrile (B). The system was equilibrated with a mixture A–B (90:10) until a stable baseline was obtained. Separations were performed using a stepwise gradient in the following manner: from 10% to 65% mobile phase B over a period of 20 min, followed by 65% to 100% mobile phase B over a period of 3 min. The flow-rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min with detection at 215 nm at 30 °C.
SEC was performed with SHIMADZU LC-2010CHT HPLC system provided with a quaternary pump, a thermostatted autosampler, a thermostatted column compartment, and a multiple wavelength ultraviolet (UV) detector. Data was collected and analyzed using LC Solution Software (Version 1.24). A TSK-GEL G3000SWXL 300 mm × 7.8 mm column (MW range: 1000–500,000 Da) (Tosoh Bioscience LLC, Montgomeryville, PA, U.S.) was chosen for the present studies. . The optimal mobile phase composition consisted of 1.15 g Di-sodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g of Potassium hydrogen phosphate and 23.4 g of sodium chloride. The detector was set at 215 nm and the flow rate at 0.5 mL/min.
Protein samples were separated on denaturing SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. Immunoblot was performed using mouse monoclonal anti-hGMCSF antibody (Santacruz, U.S.) followed by goat anti-mouse secondary antibody (Bangalore Genei, India). The blot was developed using the substrate BCIP/NBT.
TF-1 cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS and 2 ng/mL rhGMCSF at 37 °C in 5% CO2. The cells were starved for 14–16 h in RPMI-1640 with 2.5% FBS. After starvation, the cells were plated in RPMI-1640 with 5% FBS at a seeding density of 1 × 104 cells/well/50 μL. Standard and samples were added (50 μL/well) at different concentrations and the plate was incubated for 48 h at 37 °C in 5% CO2. To each well, 20 μL of MTS was added and amounts of formazan formed (an indicator of number of live cells,
In this article, we report for the first time the hyper expression of hGMCSF in
The authors wish to thank Kamal Sharma, Managing Director, Lupin Limited, Pune, India for his constant support and encouragement. Thanks are due to Anjali Apte Deshpande for critical reading of the manuscript.
Expression analysis of pET21a-hGMCSF and pET32a-hGMCSF. (
Expression of TRX-hGMCSF in 2 L fermenter in In-house medium. Various fermentation parameters were plotted against the batch hour. The cells were induced with 1 mM IPTG at an OD600 of 18 and the culture was grown for another 3 h until it reached an OD600 of 37.
SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of purified hGMCSF. Soluble fraction containing TRX-hGMCSF was passed through Ni-NTA column and the fractions containing pure TRX-GMCSF were dialyzed and bound to Ni-NTA a second time in batch mode. The fusion protein was cleaved in the bound state with enterokinase enzyme in the presence of 1 mM CaCl2. The flow through containing hGMCSF was collected and analyzed. (
Reverse phase chromatograph showing comparison of standard GMCSF and in-house purified hGMCSF with optimum mobile phase consisting of 0.1% TFA in 10% acetonitrile (
Size Exclusion HPLC profile of standard and in-house purified GMCSF preparations. Size exclusion chromatograph showing comparison of standard GMCSF and in-house purified hGMCSF with optimum mobile phase consisting of 1.15 g di-sodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g of potassium hydrogen phosphate and 23.4 g of sodium chloride. Flow rate was maintained at 0.5 mL/min and detection was at 215 nm. Black line represents standard hGMCSF while red line indicates the in-house purified rhGMCSF.
The biological activity of in-house hGMCSF was assessed using TF-1 cell proliferation assay. The activity data was analyzed statistically using Parallel Line Assay software (PLA 2.0). The doses are indicated on the horizontal axis, whereas the corresponding responses are represented on the vertical axis. The individual responses for each treatment are symbolized by the red squares for the standard preparation and by the blue circles for the sample preparation.
Summary of purification of hGMCSF expressed as TRX fusion from 100 mL flask culture.
|Crude cell lysate
|2.19 × 108
|9.16 × 106
|Purified TRX-GMCSF fusion
|11.24 × 107
|1.3 × 107
|Purified GMCSF
|10.20 × 107
|2.3 × 107


text: My issue again with some of the performances were song choices...I think there are some great singers, but they're picking some terrible songs to showcase their talent. Tessane by far is most commercially ready. She could walk off stage and have a record deal before she left the building. Whether that success occurs in America remains to be seen, but she could be a huge international star. Jacquie Lee started slow and finished strong. I think what Christina did was good for her. She needs to show that she can do all sorts of songs and not just belt one out there. I think that's what did Trevin Hunte in the season when he was on there. His voice was always awesome, but he got boring. I think the Swamp Pop dude had his best performance too. Not saying much, but he was definitely better. I think Kat had a strong performance, as well. I think her only weakness in the performance was that she sounded kindy breathy. Like she wasn't really used to singing and dancing or at the very least moving around. I'm becoming a fan.


text:
How did things get to this point?
When the Scottish National Party won a landslide victory in Scotland in May 2011, the political pressure for a vote became irresistible. In 2012, British Prime Minister David Cameron agreed to hold a straight "yes" or "no" referendum, excluding a third option of giving the Scots more autonomy (which he is now offering anyway).
Who's in favour?
The pro-independence campaign is led by Alex Salmond, whose Scottish National Party won an unexpected majority in the Scottish Parliament in 2011. He is promising Scots that they can keep everything they like about the union – the Queen, the pound, the BBC and free healthcare – and get rid of everything they do not like; like austerity and the Conservative Party of David Cameron. The campaign has some support from celebrities including Sir Sean Connery, Gerard Butler and Frankie Boyle.
Who's opposed?
The anti-independence camp, which calls itself Better Together, is a coalition of British political parties. It politely advocates a vote of "no thanks", appealing to a shared sense of history and Britishness. It is spending much of its time telling Scots that if they vote for independence, they can never share the pound – or go back. The no campaign has enjoyed the most high-profile support, including Sir David Attenborough, Dame Judi Dench, Susan Boyle, Jo Brand and Sir Mick Jagger.
What happens if the vote succeeds?
If Scotland votes to separate, it will take 18 months of negotiations before independence is declared. And judging from the tone of the campaign, it will be a messy and acrimonious divorce. Scotland already administers many of its own affairs. After a referendum in 1997, it set up its own parliament and controls health, education, housing, justice and a portion of taxation. But some economists say an independent Scotland would be too poor to keep up its welfare state, let alone expand it.
Who can vote?
The referendum will be open to voters as young as 16, even though the national voting age is 18. Only residents of Scotland can vote. But that has not deterred expatriate Scots or really anybody else from joining the fray.
Which side is winning?
Until recently, the anti-independence campaign maintained a comfortable lead in opinion polls. But as the referendum approaches, the two sides are neck and neck.
Will the Queen have to go?
Mr Salmond thinks Queen of the Scots is a "fantastic title" and has promised fellow Scots that they get to keep Elizabeth II as their head of state, Australian-style. The Queen herself has urged voters, somewhat cryptically, to "think very carefully about the future".
What would the United Kingdom be called without Scotland as a member?
The British government has awkwardly named it the "continuing United Kingdom". The Scottish government prefers to call it the "rest of the United Kingdom", or UK.