text: Seems to me that the current implementation of log_event class logging control works on message classes, such as logging all requests processed. What would be more useful in our environment would be a severity level type hierarchy and a way to reduce the level of logging messages based on now much detail we wanted based on the severity of the log message. For example, requests that can satisfied might be at an INFO severity level but if the request failed for some reason, that would be at an ERROR level. Having a severity threshold in the logging subsystem then would allow us to not log INFO level messages but continue to log ERROR level messages that may indicate an issue to be resolved. This does not appear to be how the logging works now. This seems to me like a good enhancement request to the current logging system adding a severity level to all log messaging and a severity threshold for what actually makes it into the log. I see this as being able to work in concert with the current class/function based masking as well. If the log_event mask indicates it's a logging class message desired, and the severity level is at or above the threshold, then write the message to the log. Other suggestions or insights? --- Rick Ingham, Expeditors Int'l / IS ---- RICK.INGHAM at EXPEDITORS.COM (206) 674-3400 x3284 FAX 246-3197


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Frisky Readers Split Down The Middle On Drinking While Pregnant
Earlier this week, Ami posted about a recent article that said it's becoming more common for women to have the occasional drink while pregnant. We polled you on what your drinking policy would be when you're pregnant and over 4,700 of you responded. I suspect the results were shocking no matter how you voted, in that it was basically split down the middle. Over 48.5 percent of you indicated that you would drink while pregnant anywhere from only "on special occasions" (22.85 percent) to "every now and then" (24.1 percent), with 1.5 percent (74 of you!) vowing to imbibe even more regularly — though I hope you're joking (as we were) about "passing the smokes." Meanwhile, over 51 percent of you said you would have a zero tolerance alcohol policy while pregs. So what gives? For starters, I'm not judging. Personally, if I were able to get pregnant easily without complications (i.e., prior history of miscarriage, etc.) and was nearing the end of my second trimester, I would allow myself the occasional glass of wine (which I would savor!). This would be, of course, after confirming that it was OK with my doctor, but based on the reading I've done on the subject — and the experience of my pregnant friends — I'm confident that having a glass of wine from time to time would be A-OK.
The rest of you had a lot to say on this subject as well, with over 60 of you sharing your thoughts in the comments. Here is a sampling of the variety of opinions:
I'm shocked that so many people voted that they would drink alcohol while pregnant. Can you seriously not lay off the booze for just nine months? Yes, there are conflicting ideas about what's healthy for your baby and what isn't, so the safest bet is to just not do something risky when it's unnecessary. If you want to relax, take up meditation or something. — theattack
I had one small glass of red wine per week with both pregnancies. It lasted me 3+ hours and gave me something to look forward to on a Friday night. The problem Americans have with drinking is that so many take it excess that it's easier to say "none at all" than use moderation. Personally, I believe it's an individual's choice. Unless you see someone consuming large quantities, MYOB. Pregnant women get enough unsolicited advice as it is. — blondie09
Wow, I'm surprised at how zero tolerance everyone is here- I know we've all been raised to think that alcohol=death during a pregnancy, but more and more doctors are saying that it's ok in moderation- FAS was in response to chronic drinking. I don't drink that much to begin with, but I'll probably have a drink every once in a while if I ever do get pregnant. We've become such an all-or-nothing society, and pregnant women get the brunt of that to a ridiculous extent- people feel free to go up to them and tell them what they should or shouldn't be doing. Thanks, but I know the consequences of what I'm doing and if I'm carrying a child that doesn't take away my thought processes, so shove it. — Lexington
Honestly, it's up to the individual person and individual pregnancy. It's not my place to tell anyone but myself what's right for me. I'll keep that between me and my doctor. – hlnbabe
The science is clear that alcohol is bad for a developing fetus. How much alcohol and how bad are not well known. I hope that everyone here makes whatever choice is best for them, and no matter their choice I don't wish FAS on any baby, and I don't wish a baby with FAS on anyone. – ReadingIsFundamental
I chose the no-tolerance option but actually, I wouldn't judge another person for drinking once in a while while preggers. I just wouldn't myself. – titsmcgee
I was a big beer drinker prior to pregnancy and have had an occasional sip here and there. I normally ask my husband to pour an inch or so off of his into a glass for me, and I make it last. I'm completely comfortable with that level of consumption but I honestly thought people would give me a hard time about it. Hardly! People have been really non-judgmental about it around me, color me shocked! — SaraP
I'd be a hell of a lot more concerned about all of the other crap we put in/on our bodies than a glass of wine. Hormones in food, pesticides, parabens, steroids, medications… – katiedo
So, were you shocked by the results of this poll? Did any of the comments from readers alter your perspective at all?

subset: commoncrawl


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http://wikis.ala.org/emergingleaders/index.php?title=Morgan_Montgomery&feed=atom&action=history Morgan Montgomery - Revision history 2017-07-27T01:22:50Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.26.2 http://wikis.ala.org/emergingleaders/index.php?title=Morgan_Montgomery&diff=7632&oldid=prev Morganm at 22:48, 28 December 2008 2008-12-28T22:48:00Z

New page

Morgan Montgomery is the Cataloger for the H.V. Manning Library at Claflin University located in Orangeburg, SC. She is a member of the American Library Association, the South Carolina Library Association (SCLA), and the HBCU Library Alliance (Historically Black Colleges and Universities).

 Morgan earned her MLIS from the University of South Carolina's School of Library and Information Science in August 2007, where she specialized in special libraries and virtual reference services. While enrolled in graduate school Morgan had the opportunity to work with the Ask-A-Librarian Virtual Reference Service. Originally from Columbia, SC she graduated from Columbia College in May 2004 with a BA in Business Administration.

 In her free time she enjoys reading, attending concerts, photography, traveling, and is a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.
 Morganm


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I love Halloween.Seriously, when else do you get to be a rockstar-gypsy-cowgirl AND eat lots of candy? Ok, maybe i do that every day, but still. On Halloween, it's FESTIVE. And there are decorations, and the candy-calories don't count (as everybody knows). And this year, i had the joy of trick-or-treating with my kids, on the first year they were big enough to really get it. And there is nothing like watching them march up to the door with the big kids and take their place in the order of … [Read more...]
Thin Places: Sanctuary
Cut and Paste
I've had a startling revelation--I'm conservative.At least, the elements of my life reflect conservative values. I am married to a partner of opposite sex. He is my first spouse, and the father of both our children. We have 2.5 kids--meaning, two kids and a really sweet dog. We have very little debt. Heck, we don't even have a car payment. We don't have cable. One parent stays home with the children full-time. We do not let our kids watch inapproprate television, nor do we expose them to music … [Read more...]
In the Presence of the World
Until we understand what the land is, we are at odds with everything we touch. And to come to that understanding it is necessary, even now, to leave the regions of our conquest--the cleared fields, the towns and cities, the highways--and re-enter the darkness of our own absence. Only in this silence and darkness can man recover the sense of the world's longevity, of its ability to thrive without him, of his inferiority to it and his dependence on it. Perhaps then, having heard that silence and s … [Read more...]
How God Gets Stuff Done
Other people have said it--have been saying all week--but it bears repeating: God does not 'intend' rape. Ever. Are we really having this conversation, America?Abortion is bad, m'k? We are all in agreement on this, whatever you may think of those who advocate for choice. I have another post with my thoughts on life , if you want to go there. But for now, let's reflect on the appalling truth that a man like Richard Mourdock (did you know who he was before yesterday? me neither) can use the … [Read more...]
A Bad Political Hair Day
My goodness. I am so grossed out, i do not know where to start.Wait, yes i do. Mr Trump--you have bad hair. It makes you look like a ridiculous charicature of yourself. But since you are a (straight white) man, nobody much cares. Well...a straight white man with big ol' piles of cash. You can say and do whatever you want. You can sleep with whomever you want. You can 'fire' whomever you want--and get paid for doing it in an entertaining fashion. You can put a resort or golf course anywhere you … [Read more...]
just say grace
God forgive us: when we would rather be right than do right.God forgive us: when we would rather feel good than do good.God forgive us: when we would rather have justice than do justice.God forgive us: when we would rather speak of You than work for You.God forgive us: when the people you 'hate' look a lot like the people we hate. God forgive us: when fear speaks louder than mercy. when 'not enough' talks over abundance. … [Read more...]
One More Piece of the Puzzle
On a lighter note... One of the most miraculous parts of parenting, by far, is listening as the pieces of the language puzzle click into place. Even though i've watched it come together with the first kid, it is no less of a wonder the second time around.One day they are screaming, crying, flailing little animals. Then they are saying short, single-syllable nouns. 'Dad' 'dog' and 'book' ranked among the first at our house. Then the single-word utterances take on purpose and urgency. 'Milk!' ' … [Read more...]
Primetime Throwdown (yes, Brian Williams just said 'throwdown…')
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Like a Child
We are celebrating Children's Sabbath at church this week. As i think through what that service should look like, I am mindful that it should not just be a service for children. It should be one that honors the spiritual gifts that children possess, and recognizes them not as the 'future church,' but as fully active and vital parts of the body, right now.Scripture refers to God as "father" so often, that many people hold a firm image of God as not only parental, but fully male. Even those of … [Read more...]


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Here in Florida, we don't have the glorious color change that Fall brings in other parts of the country. Still there are subtle seasonal changes. The mornings are cooler and less humid. The days are shorter. And nature's critters still enjoy the morning sun among other things.
© Karen Kleis 2012 All Images


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Knight Pontius, thief Zoya, and wizard Amadeus are returning for some more side-scrolling puzzle-platforming action later this year when Trine 2 ships to retail and launches online for Mac and PC. The trio will again brave deadly traps and equally dangerous monsters as they quest about in search of loot and adventure. The campaign will be playable with up to three players with support for both online or offline co-op play.
Official Site: Promo-Trine2.com


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We have all felt the power of UV after spending a summer day outdoors. The sun is a powerful source of UV energy; even the slightest overexposure gives us a sunburn. Continued overexposure to UV energy can be quite harmful, but the UV spectrum offers many beneficial characteristics as well. With the right control and application UV energy can be used for UV disinfection of water, purify air and surfaces, cure adhesives and coatings and sterilize tools, just to name a few.
Ultraviolet light occurs just below the color violet which is the lowest wavelength of visible light to the human eye. The electromagnetic spectrum of ultraviolet light is typically subdivided into the following ranges:
The sun emits ultraviolet radiation in the UVA, UVB and UVC bands, but because of absorption in the atmosphere, 98.7% of the ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth's surface is UVA. Ordinary glass is partially transparent to UVA but blocks UVB and UVC. This feature gives sunglasses and eye wear UV protection capabilities. A positive effect of human UVB exposure is that it induces the production of vitamin D in the skin.
UVC rays are the highest energy form of ultraviolet light. Since UVC rays are filtered by the Earth's atmosphere, organisms have not developed a natural defense against UVC energy. When the DNA of a microorganism absorbs UVC energy, molecular instability occurs resulting in the disruption of the DNA sequence. This renders the cell unable to grow or reproduce. Without the ability to reproduce the cell cannot infect and it rapidly dies.
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The application of UVC energy to inactivate microorganisms is known as Germicidal Irradiation or UVGI. It has been used for this purpose since the early nineteen hundreds. Artificial UVC energy is produced in germicidal ultraviolet lamps which produce UV radiation by ionizing low pressure mercury vapor. These lamps are similar to typical fluorescent household lighting fixtures but do not have the phosphorescent coating which imparts the soft white light. Ionized mercury emits a predominately discreet wavelength of 254nm - in the UVC band and, as it happens, is an ideal wavelength for disrupting the DNA of microorganisms.
The amount of UVC energy needed to inactivate a given microorganism is measured by dose, which is determined by a combination of irradiation energy and exposure time. Scientists have determined the rates at which various microbial populations decline due to exposure to biocidal factors such as UVC irradiation. Based on mathematical modeling, UVDI engineers have developed proprietary and third party validated computer modeling programs to estimate deactivation rates for target microorganisms and subsequently design UVC systems that will efficiently and effectively disinfect the air, surface or water situation of interest.
UVGI's use in air disinfection dates back to to the 1940's where it was used to control the spread of tuberculosis in hospitals. Today UVGI air disinfection has evolved to include sophisticated systems that disinfect air for residences, hospitals, commercial and industrial buildings, and public facilities such as airports.
The types of UVGI air disinfection systems in use today include single room recirculation units that are mobile or wall mounted, and in duct mounted systems for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
Single room air disinfection units, also known as stand alone room air cleaners, recirculate room air through a specially designed series of filters and UVGI lamps. As air passes by the UVGI chamber, UVC energy deactivates airborne microorganisms such as the Influenza virus and Staphylococcus Aureus. The effectiveness of the unit depends on the rate of air changes and the size of the room. A properly sized unit will treat room air up to 12 volume changes per hour and supply purified air to room occupants.
Building air disinfection UVGI systems are commonly located in the air handling unit (AHU) of a room or building. The AHU is the heart of the HVAC system and typically houses the blower, heating and/or cooling coils, inlet air plenum and outlet air plenum to the building ductwork. AHUs vary in size from small room devices called terminal units to large commercial systems called roof top units. UVGI applications to disinfect moving air streams are commonly called "kill on the fly" where microbes traveling with the air stream are deactivated. Proper design of a UVGI air disinfection system depends on many factors including air flow, temperature, type and size of HVAC equipment, UV lamp intensity, plenum reflectivity and target microbe.
UVDI's sophisticated computer modeling program called V-Smart is necessary to design an efficient yet effective system for disinfecting air streams. When implemented correctly, UVGI has a proven track record of disinfecting air and protecting building occupants from air borne infection.
UVGI technology has been used for surface or area disinfection for many years. Direct UVGI exposure can sterilize any surface given the right amount of time. Current technology is used for prevention of potential microbiological hazards as well as remediation of existing conditions. The types of surface disinfection systems in use today include microbiological growth control as well as surface and area disinfection.
Microbiological growth typically consists of bacteria, fungi, or molds. HVAC systems are the perfect breeding ground for microbiological growth due to the coils function of removing heat from the air and producing condensate in the process. The condensate forms on the coil surfaces and collects in the drain pan. Over time a "bio-slime" film develops which consists mostly of mold growth on the coils and bacterial growth in the drain pan. With the HVAC system in the run mode, a portion of the accumulated mold and bacterial contamination is introduced to the air stream and ultimately to the occupants of the building.
When a cooling coil is exposed to a properly designed UVGI system, the germicidal effect of UVC energy on the microorganisms combined with the washing effect of the condensate clean the cooling coil of organic matter and restore healthy and efficient HVAC operations.
HVAC coil irradiation is a popular but specialized application of UVGI for disinfection. In fact, there are many situations in healthcare, institutional, industrial and commercial use where surface or area disinfection is necessary. Two areas of growing awareness and use are food processing and room surface disinfection.
Food borne spread of infection from microorganisms such as Salmonella typhimurium have recently grabbed the headline news. Several states are in process of enacting legislation designed to step up prevention and reporting of potential infectious hazards associated with processing and packaging foods. UVGI technology has gained popularity as a technique to effectively disinfect food processing equipment as part of ongoing cleaning and maintenance, as well as disinfect containers such as plastic bottles prior to filling with contents.
Room disinfection is another growing area for UVGI technology. UV systems have been developed to effectively destroy microorganisms such as mold, viruses and bacteria and to do so relatively quickly. For example, a typical hospital patient room requires thorough manual cleaning before the next occupant is admitted. The turn around time needs to be minimal but cleaning must also be effective. UVGI units such as the Mobile Room Sanitizer can disinfect a typical patient room in under 5 minutes. Other uses for room disinfection equipment include classrooms, waiting rooms, locker rooms, shelters and mold remediation to name a few.
The first use of UVGI to disinfect a municipal water system was in Marseilles, France in 1909. Since then UVGI treatment of municipal water systems has grown steadily and today is used commonly all over the world. Recently New York City approved the construction of a 2 billion gallon per day ultraviolet drinking water disinfection facility. But UVGI water treatment applications range beyond municipal systems.
Rural water: Many rural residents rely on well water or water from lakes and streams for human consumption as well as water for livestock. These sources of water can become contaminated from faulty sewage, field runoff or animal waste.
Public water: Concerns over health effects related to chlorine have prompted many community homeowners to de-chlorinate their water supply. Also, some homeowners retain a backup water supply in case of service interruption.
Commercial and industrial water: Hospitals, factories and laboratories often require high purity water. Also, some industrial processes do not tolerate chlorine.


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USC Rossier School of Education
The USC Rossier School of Education is one of the world's premier centers for the study of urban education. The school is committed to preparing teachers, researchers, counselors, administrators and curricular specialists for leadership positions. The mission of the School of Education is to strengthen urban education locally, nationally and globally. Educators in urban areas face a unique set of challenges, including poverty, density, mobility and immigration; strained social conditions around housing, healthcare and crime; and cultural and linguistic diversity. Urban education takes place in many contexts including pre-kindergarten through high school, human services, higher education and workplace settings.
We seek to transform urban education by:
• Preparing and developing educational leaders who are change agents with a commitment to improving urban education and competencies to address the complex educational and social issues facing urban communities.
• Leading the search for innovative, efficacious and just solutions to the challenges in urban education by engaging in research on educational practices and policy.
• Creating mutually beneficial partnerships to rethink curriculum, improve educational environments and develop sound policy.
Our vision is to be a premier and distinctive School of Education, defined by innovative educational programs and scholarship that directly impact policy and practice in urban education.
The School of Education is committed to four academic themes that guide all academic, research and service efforts within our school and serve as a guide for meeting the school's mission. These themes are leadership, diversity, learning and accountability.
Waite Phillips Hall 1100
(213) 740-8313
AdministrationKaren Symms Gallagher, Ph.D., Dean
Dominic J. Brewer, Ph.D., Associate Dean, Research and Faculty Affairs
Melora Sundt, Ph.D., Associate Dean, Academic Affairs
Blair Sillers, Chief of Staff
FacultyEmery Stoops and Joyce King Stoops Dean's Chair in Education: Karen Symms Gallagher, Ph.D.
Richard T. Cooper and Mary Catherine Cooper Chair in Public School Administration: Guilbert C. Hentschke, Ph.D.
T. & I. Katzman/Ernst Chair in Educational Entrepreneurship: David Dwyer, Ph.D.
Irving R. Melbo Chair in Education: Rudy Castruita, Ed.D.
Clifford H. and Betty C. Allen Professor of Urban Leadership: Dominic J. Brewer, Ph.D.
Diane and MacDonald Becket Professor of Educational Policy: Priscilla Wohlstetter, Ph.D.
Stephen Crocker Professor of Education: Robert Rueda, Ph.D.
Leslie Wilbur and Norma Lash Wilbur-Evelyn Keiffer Professor of Higher Education: William G. Tierney, Ph.D.
University Professors: Lloyd Armstrong, Jr., Ph.D.; William G. Tierney, Ph.D.
Professors: Ron Avi Astor, Ph.D. (Social Work); Estela Mara Bensimon, Ed.D.; Dominic J. Brewer, Ph.D.; Richard E. Clark, Ed.D.; Michael Diamond, Ph.D. (Business, Social Work); Guilbert C. Hentschke, Ph.D.; Bob Knight, Ph.D. (Gerontology); David D. Marsh, Ph.D.; Harold F. O'Neil, Jr., Ph.D.; Lawrence O. Picus, Ph.D.; Robert Rueda, Ph.D.; Priscilla Wohlstetter, Ph.D.
Associate Professors: Darnell Cole, Ph.D.; Alicia Dowd, Ph.D.; Robert G. Keim, Ed.D. (Dentistry); Adrianna Kezar, Ph.D.; William E. Maxwell, Ph.D.; John B. Slaughter, Ph.D.; Ricardo Stanton-Salazar, Ph.D.
Assistant Professors: Patricia Burch, Ph.D.; Mary Helen Immordino-Yang, Ph.D.; Tatiana Melguizo, Ph.D.; Michelle Riconscente, Ph.D.; Jamy Stillman, Ph.D.; Katharine O. Strunk, Ph.D.
Professors of Clinical Education: Reynaldo R. Baca, Ph.D.; Rudy M. Castruita, Ed.D.; Rudy F. Crew, Ed.D.; Raymond John Gallagher, Ph.D.; Pedro Garcia, Ed.D.; Dennis Hocevar, Ph.D., Michael Jackson, Ed.D. (Student Affairs); Sandra N. Kaplan, Ed.D.; Anthony B. Maddox, Ph.D.; Susan Metros, M.F.A. (Technology Enhanced Learning); Sylvia Rousseau, Ed.D.; Melora Sundt, Ph.D.
Associate Professors of Clinical Education: Mary Andres, Psy.D.; Ruth Gim Chung, Ph.D.; Ginger Clark, Ph.D.; Frederick W. Freking, Ph.D.; Michael Genzuk, Ph.D.; Alan G. Green, Ph.D.; Brandon Martin, Ed.D. (Athletics); Eugenia Mora-Flores, Ph.D.; Margo Pensavalle, Ed.D.; Margaret Reed, Ph.D.; Mark Power Robison, Ph.D.; Julietta Shakhbagova, Ph.D.; Julie Slayton-Davis, Ph.D.; Denzil Suite, Ph.D. (Student Affairs); Tracy Poon Tambascia, Ed.D.; Patricia Tobey, Ph.D. (Student Affairs); Kristan M. Venegas, Ph.D.
Assistant Professors of Clinical Education: Robert Filback, Ph.D.; Walton Green, M.S.; Angela Hasan, Ph.D.; Kimberly Hirabayashi, Ph.D.; Amy Johnson, Ed.D. (Student Affairs); Courtney Malloy, Ph.D.; Brandon Martinez, Ed.D.; Lynette Merriman, Ed.D. (Student Affairs); Gary Scott, Ed.D.; Helena Seli, Ph.D.; Kathy Stowe, Ed.D.; Maura Sullivan, Ph.D.
Assistant (Teaching) Professor of Clinical Education: Corinne E. Hyde, Ed.D.
Research Professors: David Dwyer, Ph.D.; Allen Munro, Ph.D.; Douglas M. Towne, Ph.D.
Research Associate Professors: Richard S. Brown, Ph.D.; Gisele Ragusa, Ph.D.; Kenneth Yates, Ed.D.
Research Assistant Professor: Joanna Smith, Ph.D.
Lecturers: Shafiqa Ahmadi, J.D.; Donna M. Brinton, M.A.; Priscilla Caraveo, M.A.; Rachel Hayward, M.A.; Pamela Yamamoto Ireland, M.A.; Sonja Lovelace, M.A.; Stephen MacIsaac, M.A.; Kathleen O'Connor, M.A.; Heather Robertson, Ed.D.; Kimberly St. Charles, M.A.; Priscilla Taylor, M.A.
Emeritus Professors: Robert L. Baker, Ph.D.; Charles M. Brown, Ed.D.; Earl Carnes, Ph.D.; Myron H. Dembo, Ph.D.; Mabel E. Hayes, Ph.D.; Edward J. Kazlauskas, Ph.D.; Frederick Knirk, Ed.D.; Steven Krashen, Ph.D.; Johanna K. Lemlech, Ed.D.; James Magary, Ph.D.; Merle Marks, Ed.D.; William G. Millington, Ed.D.; Leonard L. Murdy, Ed.D.; William F. O'Neill, Ph.D.; Donald E. Polkinghorne, Ph.D.; William M. Rideout, Jr., Ph.D.; Audrey J. Schwartz, Ed.D.; Robert A. Smith, Ph.D.; Kathleen Wulf, Ph.D.
Emeritus Professor of Clinical Education: Stuart E. Gothold, Ed.D.
Emeritus Professor of Clinical Psychology: Rodney K. Goodyear, Ph.D.
Degree Programs
The Rossier School of Education also offers the Ed.D. at the Hawaii, Orange County and Sacramento centers.


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Footsie's streak hits 11 months, but brokers strain to keep it going
Brokers tried to drum up interest in a stock market otherwise still driven by routine company updates and the vagaries of the global economy.
In spite of a modest decline yesterday, the FTSE 100 ended April 0.3 per cent higher than it started the month, notching up an 11-month winning streak, the longest since the index was established in 1984.
Société Générale kept perennial takeover speculation about Invensys simmering with a bullish note on the industrial controls group.
After the sale of its rail business, which should complete before July, the company provides investors with a "near-pure play on process automation", which stands to do very nicely from investment in oil and gas in North America over the next few years, the French broker said.


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SWIM Bournemouth's Jay Lelliott took Dorset men's swimming into new waters as he set his fourth and fifth county records in nine days.
Just a week after recording three long-course records at the British University Champion-ships in Sheffield, the Bath University student added two short-course marks to his tally in the county championships at Littledown.
The best came in the 200m butterfly, which he won in 1:56.95 – an improvement of two seconds on his own county record and almost four seconds on his senior championship mark. The time is worth 814 on the GB points scale – the only swim in the champion-ships higher than 740 with only the distance events to go.
Lelliott's winning 200m free-style time of 1:50.14 also knocked a second off the county and championship records – though the 19-year-old found it "annoying" that he failed to break 1min 50sec. He also won the senior 200m backstroke title from team-mate Alan Wong.
Lelliott's efforts led a flurry of record-breaking with almost five times as many competition best times (CBTs) as fell during the championships' first weekend.
Bournemouth Collegiate School's Zak Aitchison set senior, junior and 15yrs CBTs as he won the men's 100m breaststroke in 1:06.57. He also won the junior 50m breaststroke and butterfly as the senior titles respectively went to Poole's Noah Vides in a championship record and 17/o CBT of 30.29 and Seagulls' Harry Thorpe.
Two championship records fell in the girls' 200m backstroke with Poole's Emily Clarke, 16, toppling the senior mark with 2:15.67 and Swim Bournemouth's Harriet Perfect, 13, setting junior figures with 2:18.79.
Clarke's time was the highest-rated female swim of the weekend, worth 692 points.
Beth Aitchison (BCS) completed her monopoly of the women's breaststroke and individual medley events with 16yrs CBTs of 1:11.08 and 5:00.60 in the 100m breast and 400m IM and the senior gold in the 50m breast.
Amy Brown (Swim Bournemouth) set her second and third age group CBTs with wins – by nine and 11 seconds – in the 9yrs 50m breaststroke (43.59) and 200m freestyle (2:42.29).
She was also inside the CBT in the 200m backstroke but had to settle for silver behind BCS's Claudia Ashford, whose 2:57.70 gave her the CBT.
Age group CBTs also fell to Poole's Jacob Peters in the 13yrs 200m butterfly (2:19.38), Swim Bournemouth's Jemma Green in the 13yrs 200m freestyle (2:08.77), Seagulls' Nathan Gerrard in the 10yrs 100m breaststroke (1:33.57) and BCS 12-year-olds Jack Arnell in the 400m medley (5:09.55) and Finn Trehane in the 50m breaststroke (36.29).
Poole's Jasmine Holmes won senior and junior titles in the girls' 200m freestyle, a feat emulated by Swim Bournemouth's Jess Richens in the 200m butterfly and Ben Wickens in the men's 400m medley.
Junior titles also went to Poole's Madison Kemp in the 100m breaststroke and 50m butterfly and Swim Bournemouth's Katy Hebditch in the 50 breaststroke and Lucy Brain in the 400m medley.
Seagulls' Andrew Botros won the junior 200m backstroke and butterfly while Swim Bournemouth's Jack Simpkins won the junior 200m freestyle.
Swim Bournemouth won four of the six remaining relays with Poole winning the women's 4x100m freestyle and Seagulls the girls' 12/u 4x50m freestyle.
Dorset county championship medallists – Female, 200m freestyle. Snr: 1 Jasmine Holmes (P), 2 Emily Clarke (P), 3 Jemma Green (SB). Jnr: 1 Holmes, 2 Green, 3 Eve Goldsack (S).
200m backstroke. Snr: 1 Emily Clarke (P), 2 Harriet Perfect (SB), 3 Grace Kingsley (BCS). Jnr: 1 Perfect, 2 Kingsley, 3 Jemma Green (SB).
50m breaststroke. Snr: 1 Beth Aitchison (BCS), 2 Katy Hebditch (SB), 3 Lily Young (TSD). Jnr: 1 Hebditch, 2 Young, 3 Izzy Pryce (SB).
100m breaststroke. Snr: 1 Beth Aitchison (pictured) (SB), 2 Madison Kemp (P), 3 Katy Hebditch (SB). Jnr: 1 Kemp, 2 Hebditch, 3 Izzy Price (SB).
50m butterfly. Snr: 1 Emily Clarke (P), 2 Madison Kemp (P), 3 Jenny Scott (TSD). Jnr: 1 Kemp, 2 Bethan O'Hara (S), Jessica Richens (SB).
200m butterfly. Snr: 1 Jessica Richens (SB), 2 Emily Clarke (P), 3 Eve Goldsack (S). Jnr: 1 Richens, 2 Goldsack, 3 Zoe Gannaway (S).
400m individual medley. Snr: 1 Beth Aitchison (SB), 2 Lucy Brain (SB), 3 Madison Kemp (P). Jnr: 1 Brain, 2 Kemp, 3 Jess Richens (SB).
Male, 200m freestyle. Snr: 1 Jay Lelliott (SB), 2 Oscar Esposti (SB), 3 Alan Wong (SB). Jnr: 1 Jack Simpkins (SB), 2 Zak Aitchison (BCS), 3 Ben Wickens (SB).
200m backstroke. Snr: 1 Jay Lelliott (SB), 2 Alan Wong (SB), 3 Oscar Esposti (SB). Jnr: 1 Andrew Botros (S), 2 Henry Bramwell-Reeks (BCS), 3 Jacob Peters (P).
50m breaststroke. Snr: 1 Noah Vides (pictured below) (P), 2 Jamie Holmes (BCS), 3 Zak Aitchison (BCS). Jnr: 1 Aitchison, 2 Ben Wickens (SB), 3 Alex Price (P).
100m breaststroke. Snr: 1 Zak Aitchison (BCS), 2 Noah Vides (P), 3 Jamie Holmes (BCS). Jnr: 1 Aitchison, 2 Ben Wickens (SB), Alex Price (P).
50m butterfly. Snr: 1 Harry Thorpe (S), 2 Cianan Mann (S), 3 Oscar Esposti (SB). Jnr: 1 Zak Aitchison (BCS), 2 Ben WickenS (SB), Jack Simpkins (SB).
200m butterfly. Snr: 1 Jay Lelliott (SB), 2 Andrew Botros (S), 3 Ben Wickens (SB). Jnr: 1 Botros, 2 Wickens, 3 Jacob Peters (P).
400m individual medley. Snr: 1 Ben Wickens (SB), 2 Todd Price (P), 3 Andrew Botros (S). Jnr: 1 Wickens, 2 Botros, 3 Henry Bramwell-Reeks (BCS).
Key to clubs: BCS=Bournemouth Collegiate School, P=Poole, S=Seagulls, SB=Swim Bournemouth, TSD=Tornadoes of South Dorset.
- Full age group results at www.dorsetasa.org.
- Robbie Hemmings is basking in a golden glow after a sporting weekend to remember.
On Saturday the Poole nine-year-old won two gold medals and a silver in the Dorset championships at Littledown.
Next morning he turned out for his football club Rossgarth, scored a hat-trick in a 6-3 victory and was named man of the match.
Then it was back to Littledown, where he collected the Bagcats award for the top nine-year-old boy in the championships.
- Seagulls' Kathy Rogers, 15, was presented with an achievement certificate by Dorset ASA president Gerry Griffin recognising her selection for Britain's junior water polo team.
The youngest member of the GB 17/u squad scored on her international debut in the European Junior Championships.
- Swim Bournemouth scored more than twice as many points as any other club to win the top club award.
Poole regained second place after leapfrogging a Seagulls squad shorn of their Bournemouth Collegiate School comrades since last year's championships.
BCS were fourth in the first championships as an independent team.
Overall points: 1 Swim Bournemouth 3232, 2 Poole 1420, 3 Seagulls 1292, 4 Bournemouth Collegiate School 1017, 5 West Dorset 352, 6 Tornadoes of South Dorset 291, 7 Bridport Barracudas 193, 8 Clayesmore 191, 9 North Dorset Turboes 148, 10 Weymouth 90, 11 Wareham 66, 12 Blandford 30, 13 Bournemouth SC 21 pts.


text:
Buttons missing on Invoice Lines
Technote (FAQ)
Why are no buttons displaying for Invoice Lines
Security Rights to SHOWCBTNS and NCHOWCBTNS options not set and sigoption not visible by default.
In Application Designer, bring up the Invoices application.
From the Select Action menu there is an option Add/Modify Signature
There are two that pertain to these buttons, but they do not appear in
Security Groups.
Please find the SHOWCBTNS and NSHOWCBTNS options and check the visible
Checkbox for both.
In Security Groups, bring up the user having the problem's security
group and select the Invoices application.
In the options section, search in the description field for the value
Consignment to see the two options for the button.
By default, rights to both those options are checked.
If they are not checked, give rights to them and save.
Make sure the problem user has no open sessions, sign back in and test
to see if the buttons are now visible.
Document information
More support for:
Maximo Asset Management
Appl Designer
Software version: 7.5, 7.6
Operating system(s): Platform Independent
Reference #: 1621610
Modified date: 30 November 2016
Translate this page:


text:
Welcome! The podiatry professionals at Downtown Footcare are pleased to welcome you to our practice. We want all our patients to be informed decision makers and fully understand any health issues they face, that's why we've developed a web site loaded with valuable information about podiatry and podiatric problems and treatments. We encourage you to visit this site whenever you have concerns about your feet.
Same Location for over 40 years
Our web site also provides you with background information about our doctors, staff, office hours, insurance policies, appointment requests, maps, directions to our office in Brooklyn and other useful information. We want you to feel confident that when you choose Dr. Rory Cohen's practice, you are choosing a board certified highly respected podiatry group with over twenty years experience. Our doctors and professional staff are qualified, experienced and caring.
Same Day Appointments
We know how hectic life can be and are committed to making our practice convenient and accessible. We invite you to email or call our Brooklyn office at any time to request an appointment or ask any questions.
State-of-the-art Facilities
Please take a few moments to look through this site to get a better feel for our capabilities and services. Our state of the art procedures are designed to permanently correct your foot problems instead of only temporarily relieving your symptoms, which relieves your pain and improves the appearance of your foot.


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The 43 rd annual South Torrance Holiday Classic boys soccer tournament opens on Wednesday in what has become one of the most talent-laden tournaments in Southern California.
It boasts most of the South Bay's top teams, including Palos Verdes, Animo, West Torrance, Narbonne, Banning and Leuzinger as well as perennial powerhouses from out of the area like Santa Barbara, Loyola and Ventura.
South will host the bulk of the games, with others being played at Redondo, Torrance and North Torrance.
The tournament runs until Saturday, with the semifinals set for 11 a.m. and the championship game scheduled for 4 p.m. at South High.
First-round games on Wednesday include Narbonne against Redondo at 7:30 p.m. at North High and tournament host South Torrance taking on Buena at 3 p.m. at South.
Thursday first-round games that look intriguing include West Torrance against Animo at 3 p.m. at South.
"Animo in the first round is a tough one for us," West coach Mike Shimizu said. "Luckily we're starting to get a little on the same page a little more, but we still have a lot of work to do."
Another big first-round match is Mira Costa against Torrance at 4:30 p.m. at Torrance.
"I think it's a premier tourney right now, there are so many good teams," said Bishop Montgomery coach Clive Hulbert, whose Knights play Palos Verdes in the first round. "There are no real weak teams in there. If you put together a good run in that tournament you have to beat some very good teams."
Most teams face tough first-round games and it usually doesn't get any easier.
"It's knockout right away," Mira Costa coach Gary Smith said. "The only way to win it is to keep winning. There's no room for any mistakes."
Thomas steps down
Inglewood football coach Stephen Thomas has decided to step down from his post after a triumphant three-year reign in which he helped make the Sentinels relevant on and off the field.
Thomas remains a teacher at the school, but said he needed to devote more time at home.
"It was just time," Thomas said. "I need to spend more time with the family."
Thomas said he has a 4-month-old daughter named Madison and a 4-year-old son named Tyler.
Part of this season included coaching Tyler's youth soccer team on Saturday mornings, which made for a challenging schedule.
"I was the only dad who could coach that soccer team, and I had to exchange films on Saturdays and get ready for those 8 a.m. games. It was tough," Thomas said.
Thomas had been part of the Inglewood football program since 2005.
Thomas posted a 21-13 record over three seasons and led the Sentinels to the 2010 Ocean League title and a pair of second-place finishes.
Thomas also guided Inglewood to its first playoff victory in more than a decade.
Thomas also was instrumental in helping turn Inglewood into a recruiting factory that sent numerous players to colleges every year.
"My ultimate goal was to bring more wins and to get a divisional title," Thomas said. "I think we accomplished some of those things.
"We wanted to make the community proud. And we had a lot of great kids. We wanted to make them better kids and send them off to college and we had a lot of great kids."
Dykstras in the news
The Dykstra volleyball family was making plenty of news this past week.
Current Redondo High star Skylar Dykstra competed in the Under Armour All-American game and helped the West defeat the East 2-1 at the KFC Yum Center in Louisville.
Dykstra recorded an ace, did not miss a serve and had six digs. Perhaps more impressive was she had a 2.9 serve-receive number out of a perfect 3.0 on her 10 serve receptions.
"The good thing about Skylar is that I don't think she was nervous," Redondo coach Tommy Chaffins said. "She just loves to play volleyball, and she just went out and competed.
"With everyone being the best, she took her strong skill set and raised up her elevated game."
Skylar's older sister Lara, a stalwart at the University of Nebraska, decided to leave the Cornhuskers to pursue opportunities in college beach volleyball. Lara set the program's freshman record for digs with 399 in 2011. She added 371 digs this year and was one of the team's top servers.
"Lara Dykstra informed me this week that she has lost her passion to play indoor volleyball and is moving back to California to be closer to her family and play collegiate beach volleyball," Nebraska coach John Cook told the Omaha World-Herald. "Lara started every match for us over the last two years and did a great job. She will be missed, and we wish her the best."
Redondo coach Tommy Chaffins said Pepperdine was a possible destination for Dykstra.
Chaffins also supported the decision.
"If Lara thinks it's a good move, then it's a good move," Chaffins said. "She's super tight with her family. And I like Lara being happy.
"Plus her beach game is unreal."
Morales sparks Michigan
Former Redondo volleyball star Tiffany Morales just enjoyed a memorable, historic run to the NCAA Final Four as a freshman libero at the University of Michigan.
Morales earned All-Big Ten Freshman honors and totaled 547 digs.
Morales became the first female athlete from Redondo in any sport to make the Final Four. And Michigan became just the second team to make the Final Four as an unseeded team.
"It was really exciting, and their team was unseeded and that made it even more special," Chaffins said.
Street smart
First-year Narbonne boys basketball coach Dominique Street Sr. and his son, Dominique Street Jr., had an unusual experience last week when they played their former school, Carson.
Street Sr. used to coach at Carson and Street Jr. played at Carson two years ago before transferring to Narbonne last year.
When Narbonne coach Ryan Quinlan was let go as a teacher/coach because of budget cuts, Street Sr. took over the Narbonne program.
"I just stepped in to help out," Street Sr. said.
How was the atmosphere in the Carson gym?
"It was a little weird at first, but I've got to fight for my kids at Narbonne now," Street Sr. said. "I still love the kids at Carson, but you've got to move on."
Narbonne won the game 63-47, but Carson refused to let former Colt Street Jr. (two points) beat them.
"They were not going to let him shoot the ball," Street Sr. said. "But it was a big league win for us."
Akahiji back for Torrance
The Torrance boys basketball team is very happy to have high-scoring guard Brett Akahiji back on the court.
Akahiji is back after suffering a broken bone in his foot. He first broke it last season, then broke it again over the summer.
After a long layoff, Akahiji started practicing with the team two weeks ago and played in his first game last week - a 56-46 win over Calvary Chapel/Santa Ana - and had nine points in just three minutes of play.
"He made an immediate impact," Torrance coach Andru Vaughan said. "And psychologically it was good for him and the team once they saw him get off the bench and into the game. They didn't know he'd play, and when they saw him hit three 3-pointers a lot of kids gained confidence and it showed."
Vaughan said Akahiji will be limited in the minutes he plays and may not play full-time minutes until January.
Dolphins look sharp
The Chadwick boys soccer team flies under the radar as a strong small-school program, but once again the Dolphins look very good this year.
Chadwick is gunning for its third consecutive Prep League title this season under coach Sal Diaz.
"We're looking good. We should make a run at league again," Diaz said.


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HAMPSHIRE Youth Rugby League is setting up a new under-12 competition and would like a side from north Hampshire area to join in the fun.
So far there are three teams signed up, two from Southampton and one from Winchester, but there is also interest from the Havant and Gosport areas.
The competition is to be run by the Southampton Spitfires Rugby League Club.
All fixtures will take place at the same venue, the Spitfires Station Road ground, and will take the form of monthly mini festivals.
The centralised format means the cost base for each club is greatly reduced and the monthly fixtures ensure that the total matchday commitment is no greater than the equivalent of five regional away games.
In the first year, they are looking for eight under-12 teams and at each festival, teams will play three 20 minute games.
Games will be 10-v-10 and formatted to keep the ball in play, with the eight teams split into two divisions, East and West.
The festival results will then go into league tables, and after three festivals there is a cross-divisional play-off festival.
So there will be four festivals in all, which are scheduled for May, June, July and August.
The new league is affiliated to the Rugby Football League and they have the appropriate insurance secured through the RFL to cover any qualified Hampshire Youth Rugby League coach working with youngsters on or off the Southampton venue.
Andy Moore is the founder of the new project and he would be delighted to hear from anyone willing to help launch a team in north Hampshire.
The Southampton club can help provide funding for a coach to attend a Level 1 or Level 2 course if required.
To find out more, see their twitter account @HantsYouthRL or visit hampshireyouthrl.pitchero.com.


text: So without getting into how the mechanism works I think the key thing is it's a unique mechanism and the unique mechanism is such a way that you treat the tumour to teach the immune system to recognize what's wrong with the cancer and UE use the lesion while you inject Allovectin as a classroom and that classroom is really teaching the immune system. Some immune systems learn very quickly, some immune systems take about 8, 10, 12 months before they learn. And that learning of the immune system is breaking of tolerance or teaching the immune system to recognize what's wrong with that tumor getting it to recognize the markers that the cancer cell presents on the surface telling the immune system kill me, okay.The most important thing is the newly approved drug therapy, immunotherapy Yervoy which is known as CTLA mAb. In animal studies we've shown that we've synergy with our therapy, a combination of Allovectin and CTLA mAb actually did better than CTLA mAb alone, so if this translates into human our drug that immunotherapy should have synergistic affects. So Vijay what's the data. Well Phase 2 trial which we did on 127 patients it's a single-arm open-label study pretty large for a single-arm open-label study. 50% of the patients where stage 3, 50 % of those patients were stage 4, the key thing is the patients did not have brain mets and liver mets why? Because patients with brain mets and liver mets die very quickly and immunotherapy in order for the patient to benefit, they need to live long enough. What did we accomplish in that study we demonstrated first of all the drug was safe and efficacious, that's key. Read the rest of this transcript for free on seekingalpha.com


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Robsten Fail to Spend New Year's Eve Together on the Down-Low
Sneaky, sneaky, Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart. But not quite sneaky enough!
People magazine reports that the New Moon co-stars and pretty much confirmed couple spent New Year's Eve together, unsuccessfully attempting to keep their getaway under wraps by running off to the out-of-the-way seaside resort of Ventnor, located on the Isle of Wight.
So what gave the two away? Apparently, their dedication to the many Twilight fans out there. It seems the two graciously agreed to pose for pictures with a young follower outside of a grocery store. After which, somehow—don't ask us how—the pics ended up on a local blog, thereby dashing any hopes the two might have had for a private New Year's Eve together.
Or maybe it was their subtle way of confirming their relationship, without making an official announcement?
Either way, it seems that there's little doubt about the pair's relationship status—unless R-Pattz is so bereft of friends closer to home that he had to fly Stewart all the way out to England so he wouldn't spend New Year's alone.
How do you think the two spent their New Year's Eve together? Feel free to speculate away in the comments section.


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Know of a Park Slope cause that could use $25,000? State Farm Neighborhood Assist is a crowd-sourced philanthropic initiative that invites communities to determine where grant funding is awarded, using a Facebook app. Anyone can download the app and submit up to three causes (though they're only accepting 3,000 submissions, so if you've got an idea, do it quick).
The cause must fit into the categories of safety, community development, or education. Each cause will be matched with a non-profit organization that will "run the program." The submission phase is open through March 6.
After the submission stage ends, the State Farm Youth Advisory Board, a group of college and high school students from across the country, will narrow down the submissions to the top 200 finalists. Here's what the YAB board will be looking for:
1. How much does the cause focus on an unmet need in the community?
2. How would the $25,000 be used to address the unmet need?
3. How will the project make a lasting impact on the community?
4. How will the project define and measure success?
Once the top 200 causes are identified, they will appear on the Facebook application to be voted on by the community. Voting will take place from April 4-22, and each Facebook user gets 10 votes every day. Winners will be announced on April 29.
So what are your ideas? And if you apply and are chosen, let us know so we can let the neighborhood know about the public voting!
Photo via State Farm Neighborhood Assist


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2014 Ag Alumni Banquet
Andy Rash, of Kewanee, Ill., left, received the 2014 Outstanding Ag Alumnus Award Jan. 25 at the annual meeting and banquet of the Black Hawk East Agri-Business Club Alumni.
Rash grew up in central Indiana, attended Eastern Hancock High School, and was very active in 4-H and FFA livestock judging and showing.
After high school he came to Black Hawk College on a judging scholarship and completed his Associate of Science degree in 2000. He continued his education and judging career at Western Illinois University. He graduated in 2002 and began teaching as an adjunct faculty member and assistant livestock coach at the East Campus. After finishing his master's degree in ag education, he was BHC's ag business instructor for the next three years.
In 2006, he accepted a position with Cargill and spent the next seven years in multiple roles of leadership. Most of his tenure was in sales leadership, and his last responsibility was a national marketing manager for the pet food and wildlife feed division. During this time he and his family moved from Illinois to Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota and back to Illinois.
Andy left Cargill to pursue business ownership focused on retail agriculture, sport dog and wildlife products sold at major retail chains across the U.S. He still retains ownership in the custom packaging business but recently re-joined Cargill as a sales leader for their Ag Horizons division to lead a team that offers a risk management portfolio to Illinois farmers.
While working in academia and the business world for more than 10 years, he has been fortunate to put his love of and education in livestock evaluation to use judging many national and regional shows. This spring he will be judging the barrows at the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo and the NJSA Southeast Regional.
Andy and his wife, Tara, now reside in Kewanee where they enjoy watching their three children start their livestock-showing careers.
Andy Rash credits Black Hawk choice with making difference
by Dave Clarke, Star Courier
Keynote Speaker was Troy Coziahr of Cambridge, Ill., an alum who received an AAS degree in Agri-Business in 1991. After graduating from the East Campus, Coziahr transferred to Illinois State where he received a bachelor's degree in agriculture education in 1994 and his master's degree in crop sciences from the University of Illinois in 2001.
Coziahr was a high school ag teacher and FFA Advisor for 11 years and returned to work for Black Hawk College East Campus as the Recruiter and an academic advisor for three years before joining Monsanto as an agronomist in 2008. In 2011 he accepted the position of manager of the learning center at Monsanto's Monmouth facility.
Kelly Craig of Galva, Ill., Administrative Assistant to the VP for the East Campus and the Agriculture Department since December of 2005, was honored as the 2014 Friend of the Alumni. The ag faculty, Agri-Business Club and the Agri-Business Club Alumni members agree that with Craig it would be harder to host events such as this banquet. Her willingness to assist, organizational skills and attention to detail and perfection go far above and beyond.


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The monument reads:
An outbreak of cholera struck Rushville on July 4, 1834. The disease was thought to have been brought here by people emigrating to Illinois by way of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. By August 1st, twenty-seven people had died of cholera, including three young men who had volunteered to nurse the sick.
A later outbreak in the summer of 1841 was less severe, killing ten persons.
On the back of the monument, the names of the victims of both outbreaks are enumerated. Surrounding the monument is a large expanse of open space, presumably where the victims are buried.


text: RT Video/DVD DB /z-wcorg/ DS http://worldcat.org ID 50840897 LA Closed captioned. T1 Minority report A1 Shusett, Ronald., Goldman, Greg., Spielberg, Steven,, Frank, Scott,, Cohen, Jon., Molen, Gerald R.,, Curtis, Bonnie., Parkes, Walter F.,, Bont, Jan de., Cruise, Tom,, Farrell, Colin,, Morton, Samantha., Sydow, Max von,, Smith, Lois,, Stormare, Peter., Nelson, Tim Blake., Harris, Steve,, Morris, Kathryn., Binder, Mike,, London, Daniel,, McDonough, Neal., Capshaw, Jessica., Kilpatrick, Patrick,, Harper, Jessica., Crow, Ashley,, Gross, Arye., Kamiński, Janusz,, Kahn, Michael,, Williams, John,, Scott, Deborah L., McDowell, Alex., Dick, Philip K.,, Dreamworks Pictures., Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation., Cruise/Wagner Productions (Firm), Blue Tulip (Firm), DreamWorks Home Entertainment (Firm), YR 2002 SN 0783270550 9780783270555 AB In the dazzlingly futuristic Washington D.C. of 2054, murder has been eliminated. John Anderton presides over the Department of Pre-Crime, wherein three "Pre-Cogs, "--Precognitive humans drifting in a flotation tank, their brain waves tapped by computers--pick up thoughts of premeditated murder and warn the cops, who swoop down and arrest the would-be perpetrators before the killings can take place. Although the Pre-Cogs are never wrong sometimes they disagree. The dissenting Pre-Cog is said to have filed a minority report. If you could outsmart the Pre-Cog system, you would have committed the perfect crime. Bureau director Lamar Burgess tries to shield Anderton from bureaucrats like Danny Witwer of the Justice Department. As the pre-crime strategy prepares to go national, Witwer seems to have doubts about its wisdom--or he is only jealous of its success?


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The people that book Bonnaroo's acts like to have one foot in the past and the other in the future. So while they've brought more electronic dance music acts to the festival in 2012, the schedule also features old favorites like the Beach Boys, Alice Cooper and Kenny Rogers, who made their reputations in the '60s and the '70s.
Two acts playing at the same time late Thursday night exemplified this attitude in different ways.
Big Gigantic, a livetronica duo from Boulder, Colo., played a throbbing electronic set accompanied by rotating spotlights and banks of screens that drew the attention of Bonnaroo attendees far beyond the confines of That Tent. But Jeremy Salken and Dominic Lalli bring drums and saxophone into their electronic music in a way that blends EDM with the riff-based funk horn bands of the past.
Over at This Tent, Alabama Shakes had an indie-rock 'n' soul revue going as they performed songs from their acclaimed Boys & Girls album, as well as some new material. The group's sound often invokes '60s soul, and singer Brittany Howard channeled Otis Redding during You Ain't Alone.
The Bonnaroo experience, however, is about more than just the acts onstage.
Before Big Gigantic's set, people waved dozens of inflatable saxphones -- green, yellow, red and pink. It took a Southern twist at one point, as the audience members started moving the saxes back and forth like axes and singing, as though they were doing the Atlanta Braves' tomahawk chop.
And as Alabama Shakes finished their set, Howard brought the Soul Rebels Brass Band onstage. Afterwards, the band led a New Orleans-style second-line parade through the festival grounds, with Howard and several hundred people who had just finished watching her sing following close behind.


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Air Traffic at Three Swiss Airports: Application of Stamp in Forecasting Future Trends
Air Traffic at Three Swiss Airports: Application of Stamp in Forecasting Future Trends
This paper presents forecasting trends for numbers of air passengers and aircraft movements at the three main airports in Switzerland: Zurich, Geneva, and Basel. The case of Swiss airports is particularly interesting, because air traffic was affected in the recent past not only by the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks but also by the bankruptcy of the national carrier, Swissair, that same year. A structural time series model (STS) is created using Stamp software to facilitate forecasting. Results, based on readily available data (i.e., passengers and movements), show that STS models yield good forecasts even in a relatively long run of four years.
KEYWORDS: Structural time series, forecast, airports, Switzerland, air traffic.
Airports are now widely recognized as having a considerable economic and social impact on their surrounding regions. These impacts go far beyond the direct effect of an airport's operation on its neighbors and extend to the wider benefits that access to air transport brings to regional business interests and consumers.
The economic benefits of air transport may be assessed by looking at the full extent of the industry's impact on the overall economy, from the movement of passengers and cargo to the economic growth that the industry's presence stimulates in a local area.
In this respect, Switzerland represents an interesting case. First, half of the earnings of the Swiss economy come from abroad. Fast, direct access to the different markets around the world is therefore very important, especially when Switzerland's dependence on exports will increase in the future. In this economy, the industry with the highest share of exports is metallurgy and mechanical engineering. Around 75% of its production is exported. In the Swiss tourism industry, exports represented by the expenses of foreign tourists are also important. Of a total tourism revenue of 22.2 billion Swiss francs (CHF) in 2003 (Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2004), 12.6 billion CHF (60% of the amount) came from foreign tourists.
Second, Swiss air transport has recently been facing rapid change. During the last half of the 1990s, Swiss airports revisited their respective strategies following the decision made by the national carrier, Swissair, in 1996 to concentrate all long-haul flights at Zurich-Unique Airport (ZRH). Also at this time, the Basel/Mulhouse Airport (BSL) made plans to become a European hub or a spoke for Swissair, and, therefore, decided on significant expansion investments. This obliged Geneva International Airport (GVA) to adopt an open-sky policy, where foreign air carriers could benefit from so-called "fifth-freedom" rights, enabling them to provide intercontinental services to and from Geneva. The Swissair bankruptcy in 2001 changed the context, calling the expansion policy of ZRH airport into question.
This study uses the data from the three main Swiss airports-ZRH, GVA, and BSL-to show the overcapacity of two of the three by forecasting these series to 2006. The average share of overall aircraft movements at the three airports was: 46% (5), 32% (3), and 22% (3); for passengers, the share was 59% (5), 32% (4), and 9% (3), respectively.
The structure of the paper is as follows: the next section describes the data used for this analysis, then we provide the forecasts based on three models (one for each airport) to a horizon of 2006. All sections use structural time series (STS) models and the Stamp software for STS (Koopman et al. 2000). The last section provides conclusions based on these results.
For our analysis, we obtained data from the statistical department of each airport studied. Each provided yearly observations from 1949 to 2003, except for GVA, whose data began in 1922. We considered two principal indicators: air movements and passengers.
Traffic Forecasts
We built bivariate models for each airport using the vector of variables
where mt denoted the number of movements for a given airport, and pt denoted the number of passengers. The choice of the bivariate model seems appropriate, because aircraft and passengers belong to the same economic system and this kind of model allows for interaction between the two variables. These models are called Seemingly Unrelated Time Series Equations (SUTSE) and are an extension of univariate forms, with the advantage of allowing for cross-correlation leads between variables. In Stamp, SUTSE are particularly appealing because, on the one hand, models with common factors emerge as a special case; on the other, the direct analysis of the unobservable components provides a more efficient forecast and inference (see appendix 1 for details). In this study, the variables are transformed to logarithms so that the model is multiplicative. Such a transformation allows for percentage changes rather than absolute changes in traffic levels and also helps to stabilize the variances of the variables.
Analysis for GVA
For GVA, while annual data are available from 1922, the first major facility was built in 1949. Given that the period 1949 to 1952 was one of transition, we used data from 1953 to 2002. The observation for 2003 was used to evaluate the probability of a structural break using the post-predictive features of Stamp (Koopman et al. 2000, pp. 39-40).
Table 1 shows the hyper-parameters of the model (table A1 in the appendix provides an interpretation of these values). Table 2 shows statistics tests normally used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the model. In the case of GVA, only the Box-Ljung (test of residual serial correlation) statistic is slightly significant (p-value = 0.08) for passengers. The model is a local linear trend and a common cycle (table 3).
Table 1 also provides the list of intervention variables.1 There is no intervention for passenger series, but there are two interventions in the aircraft movement component. The first occurs in 1956 and is a positive level shift, probably explained by the increase of movements owing to the start of the jet aircraft era. The outlier intervention (AO) in 1967 is difficult to explain; however, we retained it in the model for consistency.
The analysis of the components obtained in the STS modeling (i.e., trend, slopes, and cycles) highlights some interesting features of the phenomena under study. Figure 1 shows some of the components of the models. First, the slopes are parallel in logarithms, suggesting that the rates of growth, though different, have a parallel evolution. In statistical terms, it means that the system composed of the passengers and movements is co-integrated to an order of (2,2) and there is a combination that is stationary (see Koopman et al. 2000, p. 86; Song and Witt 2000, p. 56). As the data are in logarithms, this component represents the rate of growth and can be read as tracking its acceleration and deceleration.
The growth rates gradually declined from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s and then stabilized at about 3% for passengers and 1% for movements (see the last column in table 3). This difference in rates clearly reflects the increase in the jet aircraft era. The mid-1950s brought the prospect of commercial jet airliners in the near future, with all it would entail in terms of longer runways and greater terminal capacity. The Swiss and French authorities reached an agreement concerning an exchange of land with France. Provision was also made for a sector of the future terminal to become a "French Airport," linked to Ferney-Voltaire in France by an extra-territorial connection. The agreement was ratified by the Federal Assembly in 1956 and by the French Parliament in 1958.
Other important features summarized in table 3 for GVA are the existence of a cycle of approximately 12 years that is stochastic, but with a correlation of 1; this means that the two cycles (passengers and air movements) move together. The table also shows that the amplitude of the cycle (at the end of the series) is less than 2.5% of the trend for passengers and less than 2% for movements. Figure 2 shows the trend and the actual values in logs with the contribution of the cycles.
Table 4(A) shows the number of passengers forecast and observed for 2003 and 2004. The forecasts underestimate the observed figures by about 3% for 2003 and 6% for 2004. Table 4(B) shows that aircraft movements observed and forecast are very close for both 2003 and 2004, both approximately 1.6 hundreds of thousands.
In spite of the slightly high error for passengers, table 4(A) shows that the numbers observed remain inside the confidence interval of one standard error, and therefore the model does not need to be reviewed. In 2003, GVA outperformed the 2000 record for passengers; this upward tendency was confirmed in 2004. This increased passenger level can be explained by the innovative policy carried out by the GVA authorities and the reinforcement of the presence of low-cost carriers that have a high passenger load rate for their flights. As an example, on April 22, 2004, the GVA Board decided to adopt a loyalty policy for both the old and new companies operating in the airport. Under this policy, GVA would return up to 40% of the airport taxes (excluding the share relating to security) to all companies that signed a commitment to operate from the airport for three to five years. At the same time, GVA decided to segment its terminals. The principal terminal remains a conventional one, and GVA renovated the old terminal and offered to let all companies (even though low-cost companies suggested this measure) use it at a lower tax level than the principal one. Table 4 (B) shows that GVA will need more than two years to return to the maximum level of movements registered in 2000 (1.71 hundreds of thousands).
Figure 3 also shows the forecasts for 2004 to 2006, which indicate a strong upward trend for passengers and a slight upward trend for aircraft movements. Once more, this difference in the speed of evolution between movements and passengers can be explained by the aggressive GVA policy in trying to capture the low-cost market (e.g., easyJet, which has an excellent aircraft occupancy rate). Thus, with 25% of the market share of GVA traffic in 2003, easyJet has become, for the first time, the most important carrier in Geneva. The market share of the national airline, Swiss, amounted only to 21.3%.
Analysis for ZRH Airport
For ZRH airport, we considered data from 1953, which coincided with the formal inauguration of the present location (also called Kloten Airport). During the 1980s and 1990s, the airport experienced rapid expansion. The number of passengers reached 12 million in 1990 and 22 million in 2000. Thus, in 1995 the Zrich electorate accepted a further expansion program for the airport, with a new terminal, a new airside center (linking the different terminals) and underground facilities. Initially, the expectation was to complete the expansion by 2005, with the capacity of the airport increasing from 20 million to 40 million passengers per year. As a consequence of the events of 2001, which form the object of this analysis, this extension phase is being implemented more slowly and Terminal B (capacity of about 5 million passengers) has been closed down.
The model calculated on the sample data from 1953 to 2002 shows that the observed totals for 2003 lay outside the forecast confidence interval of one standard deviation. Therefore, the authors reviewed the model, taking 2003 as the last observation, and a level shift intervention in the model for 2002. Table 1 shows that the intervention has a significant negative coefficient for both series, passengers and movements, indicating that the shift in both trends is decreasing. The model is a smoothed trend with a drift.
Figure 4 shows the slope, namely the rate of growth for the series. For movements, the range was about 5% (from 6% to 1%) and was quite steady. For passengers, the range was about 19% (from 18% to -1%). The figure also shows the external shocks for both series. Indeed, the rate of growth ZRH passengers becomes negative in the same year that Swissair went bankrupt.
Analysis for BSL Airport
The analysis of BSL airport uses observations from 1956 to 2002. The reason for chosing 1956 is that at that time the facilities development process was quite mature. When the airport reached 3 million passengers per year at the end of 1998, expansion seemed to be essential and urgent. Extension work on the terminal buildings will allow for further expansion in the number of passengers in the future, to a capacity of 5 million per year.
The model is a local linear trend, plus a cycle, having a common slope, which means a cointegration (2,2) for the two series. The estimated growth rate of the fitted stochastic trend is positive for passengers (about 2%) and negative for movements (-2%) at the end of the sample period.
Table 4(A) shows a high error in the overestimation for passengers in 2003, which could be due to the drastic reduction of flights by the national carrier, Swiss (elimination of 11 destinations and 7 transfer flights since March 2003), which strongly affected the number of transit passengers. The good performance in the forecast of movements could be explained, in part, by the increasing number of charters (over 3% against 2002) following the arrival of new carriers (EuroAirport 2004).
The 2004 forecast is better for passengers than for movements, nevertheless both forecast figures remain inside the confidence interval of one standard deviation. On the one hand, the number of passengers on scheduled flights increased by 8% against 2003, given the arrival of easyJet offering four new destinations. On the other hand, the decrease in the number of movements is explained by the increasing load rate and the use of aircraft with larger capacity (EuroAirport 2005). The former fact explains the apparent contradiction of the increasing number of passengers despite a decreasing number of movements. Finally, this high error in the forecast suggests that Basel Airport is in a structural change phase (i.e., the percentage of transit passengers in 2004 was 2%, whereas in the past it was approximately 28%). Nevertheless, BSL seems to be growing once again owing to a policy centered more on low-cost carriers and charters and much less on its original vocation of being a Euro-Hub.
The forecasts here show that neither ZRH nor BSL seems likely to return to the level of the record year of 2000, either for passengers or for aircraft movements, by 2006. The only airport that was able to beat the record numbers achieved in 2000 was GVA, but only in the case of passengers.
The innovative policy carried out by GVA was a good solution to overcome the 2001 crises of the bankruptcy of Swissair and the U.S. terrorist attacks. This being said, GVA had begun to rethink its strategy earlier than the other two airports, owing to the decision of the national carrier to concentrate all long-haul flights at ZRH in 1996.
The high errors in the forecast figures for BSL are a result of the structural changes taking place at that airport since 2003; namely, an evolution away from being a spoke and toward becoming a city-to-city European airport. Therefore, the analysis of those differences could be a tool for assessing the effectiveness of the measures undertaken by BSL. In fact, table 4(A) shows that a slightly decreasing trend was forecast for passengers between 2003 and 2004, whereas the observed figures show the opposite. This may be due, at least in part, to the success of the new policy adopted by the Board of BSL.
Finally, the use of Stamp software on the series of passengers and movements through a SUTSE model appears to be an interesting tool for forecasting air transportation data. On the one hand, the forecasts are good if there are no structural changes (as in the case of BSL); on the other hand, analysis of the components (i.e., trends, slopes, and cycles) gives a good insight into the dynamic of the series. Moreover, the data used (i.e., passengers and movements) are easily available.
The authors wish to thank the following individuals for their invaluable support: Merrick Fall (EHL), Regula Catsantonis (Unique Airport Verkehrsdaten/Statistik), Robert Weber (Statistical Department of Aroport International de Genve), Valrie Meny (Statistical Department of EuroAirport), and Merk Jrg (Stab/Statistik Bundesamt fr Zivilluftfahrt). Thanks also go to Professor Andrew Harvey (Cambridge University) and to the anonymous referees for their helpful comments on the earlier version of this study.
EuroAirport. 2004. Face Une Situation conomique Perturbe et la Chute de Son Trafic, l'EuroAirport s'Adapte aux Nouveaux Besoins du March et Affirme sa Volont de Renouer avec la Croissance en 2004.
______. 2005. Evolution Positive du Traffic l'EuroAirport: Innovation et Adaption Russie aux Nouveaux Besoins du March. En 2005: Retour de la Croissance.
Harvey, A.C. 1990. Forecasting, Structural Time Models, and the Kalman Filter. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Koopman, S.J., A.C. Harvey, J.A. Doornik, and N. Shepard. 2000. Stamp: Structural Time Series Analyser, Modeller and Predictor. London, England: Timberlake Consultants, Ltd.
Song, H. and S.F. Witt. 2000. Tourism Demand Modeling and Forecasting. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Pergamon.
Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2004. Annuaire Statistique de la Suisse. Edited by Neue Zrcher Zeitung. Zrich, Switzerland.
The structural time series model aims to capture the salient characteristics of stochastic phenomena, usually in the form of trends, seasonal or other irregular components, explanatory variables, and intervention variables. This model can reveal the components of a series that would otherwise be unobserved, greatly contributing to thorough comprehension of the phenomena. We describe here only the elements necessary for this study; for a complete description see Harvey (1990) and Koopman et al. (2000). An STS multivariate model may be specified as:
Observed variables = trend + cycle + intervention + irregular
The algebraic form for the N series is:
y t = μ t + ψ t + Λ I t + ε t
ε t ~ NID (0, Σ2ε) t = 1, ., T (1)
Unless otherwise stated, the elements in equation (1) are (N x 1) vectors,
where yt = the vector of observed variables,
μt = the stochastic trend,
ψt = the cycle,
Λ = the N x K* matrix of coefficients for the interventions, and
It= the K* 1 vector of interventions.
The stochastic trend is intended to capture the long-trend movements in the series and trends other than linear ones, and is composed of two elements: the level (2) and the slope (3). The trend described below allows the model to handle these.
μ t = μ t - 1 + β t - 1 + η t
η t ~ NID (0, Σ2η) t = 1, ., T (2)
β t = β t - 1 + ς t
ς t ~ NID (0, Σ2ς) t = 1, ., T (3)
If the variances of the irregular components εt in (1), the disturbances of the level ηt in (2), and at least one of the slope terms ζt are simultaneously strictly positive, the model is a local linear trend.
When the level component is fixed and different from zero, and when the two other variances are not zero, the model is called a "smoothed trend with a drift."
For a univariate model, the cycle ψt has the following statistical specification:
t = 1, ., T (4)
where λc is the frequency, in radians, in the range 0 < λc < 1, κt, and , are two mutually uncorrelated white noise disturbances with zero means and common variance , and ρ is the damping factor. The period of the cycle is 2π / λc.
Cycles can also be introduced into a multivariate model. The disturbances may be correlated; the same, incidentally, can occur with any components in multivariate models. Because the cycle in each series is driven by two disturbances, there are two sets of disturbances and Stamp assumes that they have the same variance matrix (Koopman et al. 2000, p. 76), that is:
where Σk is a N N variance matrix.
Stamp has pre-programmed the following exogenous intervention variables used in this study:
1. AO: it is an unusually large value of the irregular disturbance at a particular time. It can be captured by an impulse intervention variable that takes the value of the outliers as one at that particular time, and zero elsewhere. If tao is the time of the outlier, then the exogenous intervention variable has the following form:
2. LS: this kind of intervention handles a structural break in which the level of the series shifts up or down. It is modeled by a step intervention variable that is zero before the event and one after it. If tLS is the time of the level shift, then the exogenous intervention variable has the following form:
Table A-1 illustrates the nature of the outputs used in the main text. The figures are taken from table 1 in the text.
The diagnosis test statistics for a single series in an STS model are the following (see Koopman 2000, pp. 182-183):
- Normality test: the Doornik-Hansen statistic, which is the Bowman-Shenton statistic with the correction of Doornik and Hansen. Under the null hypothesis that the residuals are normally distributed, the 5% critical value is approximately 6.0.
- Heteroskedasticity test: A two-sided F-test that compares the residual sums of squares for the first and last thirds of the residuals series.
- DW: The Durbin-Watson statistic for residual autocorrelation; under the null hypothesis, it is distributed approximately as N(0,1/T), T being the number of observations.
- Box-Ljung Q-statistic: A test of residual serial correlation, based on the first P residual autocorrelations and distributed as chi-square, with P-n+1 df, when n parameters are estimated.
1. See appendix 1 for the definition of the intervention variables.
1 Corresponding author: M. Scaglione, Institute for Economics & Tourism, University of Applied Sciences Valais, TECHNO-Ple Sierre 3, CH 3960 Sierre, Switzerland. E-mail: email@example.com.
2 A. Mungall, Ecole Htelire de Lausanne, Le Chalet--Gobet, CH - 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland. E-mail: email@example.com.


text:
Kei Kumai
The Sea is Watching
This lyrical movie, directed by Kei Kuwai and based on a script by the legendary Akira Kurosawa, chronicles the lives of two women at a brothel in ancient Japan. O-Shin (Nagiko Tono) cuts through class divisions by falling in love with a young samurai, while the more experienced Kikuno (Misa Shimizu) juggles two suitors -- one gentle, one not. When a stranger, Ryosuke (Masatoshi Nagase), shows up at their doorstep, everything changes.


text:
During his general audience on May 26, Pope Benedict XVI resumed his catechesis on the mission of priests. He spoke about the priest's duty to govern — in the name of Christ — the flock entrusted to his care.
The Holy Father described the correct Christian understanding of authority as a service to the true, ultimate good of the person, which is salvation in Christ. When correctly exercised in the Lord's name, it is an expression of the constant presence and care of the Good Shepherd. A priest's spiritual authority must be matched by an interior faithfulness to his pastoral mission and a personal readiness to obediently follow Christ's lead. It is a service that builds up the Church in holiness, unity and truth.
Dear brothers and sisters,
The Year for Priests is drawing to an end. During my recent catecheses, therefore, I began to reflect on those duties that are essential to the priesthood, namely teaching, sanctifying and governing. I have already devoted two catecheses to these: one on the ministry of sanctification — especially through the sacraments — and one on the ministry of teaching. So, today I will speak about the priest's mission to govern and to guide, by Christ's authority and not his own, the portion of God's people that God has entrusted to his care.
What Is Authority?
How can we, in today's culture, understand this particular dimension, which involves the concept of authority and has its origins in Our Lord's mandate to care for his flock? What is authority for us as Christians?
The cultural, political and historical experiences of the recent past, especially the 20th-century dictatorships of Eastern and Western Europe, have made us suspicious of authority today. This suspicion often becomes a claim that we must abandon any kind of authority that does not come exclusively from the people and is subject to their control and oversight.
However, a closer look at the regimes that sowed terror and death during the last century forcefully reminds us that authority within any context that is exercised without any reference to the Transcendent — to that supreme authority that is God — inevitably ends up turning against man.
It is important, then, to recognize that human authority is never an end in itself, but is always merely a means whose end, necessarily and throughout every age, is always the human person, who has been created by God with his own inviolable dignity and who is called to have a relationship with his Creator during his journey here on earth through life and in eternal life.
It is an authority that is exercised with a responsibility before God, the Creator. Authority that is understood in this way, whose sole aim is to serve the true well-being of the person and to show forth the supreme good that is God, not only is not foreign to man but, on the contrary, is a valuable aid to him in his journey towards total fulfillment in Christ, towards salvation.
Authority in the Church
The Church has been called and is committed to exercise this type of authority that is service. She exercises it not in her own name, but in the name of Jesus Christ, who received from the Father all power in heaven and on earth (see Matthew 28:18). Indeed, Christ cares for his flock through the shepherds of his Church. It is he who guides, protects and corrects his flock, because he loves it deeply.
But the Lord Jesus, the supreme shepherd of our souls, intended that the Apostolic College — which is today comprised of the bishops in communion with the Successor of Peter — along with priests, who are their most valuable co-workers — would participate in this mission of caring for God's people. They are educators in the faith who guide, inspire and sustain the Christian community or, as the [Second Vatican] Council says, see to it that the "faithful are led individually in the Holy Spirit to a development of their own vocation according to the Gospel, to a sincere and practical charity, and to that freedom with which Christ has made us free" (Presbyterorum Ordinis, 6).
Therefore, every priest is the go-between through which Christ himself loves others. It is through our ministry and through us, dear priests, that the Lord gathers, teaches, protects and guides souls.
In his Commentary on the Gospel of St. John, St. Augustine writes: "Let it be an obligation of love to tend the Lord's flock" (123, 5). This is the supreme rule of conduct for God's ministers: an unconditional love, like the Good Shepherd's, full of joy, open to all, attentive to those who are near and considerate toward those who are far off (see St. Augustine, Discourse 340, 1; Discourse 46, 15); gentle with the weak, the humble, the simple, the sinners, in order to manifest God's infinite mercy through reassuring words of hope (see his Letter 95, 1).
The Nature of Authority
Even though this pastoral commitment is based on the sacrament, its effectiveness nonetheless is not unrelated to a priest's personal life. In order to be shepherds after God's own heart (see Jeremiah 3:15), we need to be deeply rooted in a living friendship with Christ — not only in our mind but also in our freedom and our will — clearly aware of the identity we received through our ordination as priests. We must be unconditionally ready to lead the flock entrusted to us wherever the Lord wills and not in the direction that seems to us easier or more convenient.
This requires, first and foremost, a continuously growing willingness to allow Christ himself to govern the priestly lives of the clergy.
In fact, no one is truly capable of caring for Christ's flock if he does not live in profound and genuine obedience to Christ and the Church. The docility of the people of God toward their priests depends on the docility of priests towards Christ. For this reason, a personal and ongoing encounter with the Lord, deep knowledge of him, and an effort to conform one's own will to the will of Christ are always the foundation for pastoral ministry.
Some Misperceptions
During the last few decades, the adjective "pastoral" often has been used practically in opposition to the concept of "hierarchical." The idea of "communion" has also been interpreted in the same way, in the very same opposition. This is, perhaps, the point at which it might be useful to reflect briefly on the word "hierarchy," which is the traditional word for the structure of sacramental authority in the Church. This is ordered according to the three levels of the sacrament of holy orders: episcopate, priesthood, diaconate.
Subordination and its juridical nature are the two ideas that public opinion most associates with the reality of "hierarchy." Consequently, many people think of the idea of hierarchy in stark contrast with the flexibility and the dynamism of pastoral service, and even with Gospel humility. But this is a false caricature of hierarchy, which, historically, arose from the abuse of authority and the advancement of careers. These are in fact abuses and do not stem from the nature of "hierarchy" itself.
The common opinion is that "hierarchy" is always something connected to domination and therefore does not correspond to the true meaning of the Church: unity in Christ's love. But, as I have said, this is a mistaken interpretation, which has its origin in past abuses and does not correspond to the true meaning of what the hierarchy is.
The Hierarchy
Let us begin with the word itself. Generally, it is said that the meaning of the word "hierarchy" is "sacred dominion." But this is not the real meaning. The real meaning is "sacred origin." In other words, this authority does not come from man himself, but has its origin in the sacred, in the sacrament.
Therefore, it subordinates the person to his vocation, to the mystery of Christ, making the individual a servant of Christ. Only insofar as he is a servant of Christ can he govern and guide for Christ and with Christ.
For this reason, he who enters the sacred order of the sacrament, the "hierarchy," is not a despot, but takes on instead a new bond of obedience to Christ. He is bound to him in communion with the other members of the sacred order of the priesthood.
Even the Pope — who is a reference point for all the other shepherds and for the communion of the Church — cannot do as he pleases. Quite the contrary, the Pope is the custodian of the obedience to Christ and to his word, summarized in the regula fidei which is the Creed of the Church. He must take the lead in obedience to Christ and to his Church.
Hierarchy therefore implies a threefold bond. First of all, there is the bond with Christ and with the mandate that the Lord gave to his Church. Secondly, there is the bond with the other shepherds in the one communion of the Church. Finally, there is the bond with the faithful entrusted to each shepherd within the order of the Church.
So it becomes clear that communion and hierarchy are not opposed to each another but rather affect each other mutually. Together, they are a single thing: hierarchical communion.
Therefore, the shepherd is a shepherd precisely when he guides and protects the flock, sometimes keeping it from scattering. Without this clear and explicitly supernatural viewpoint, the priest's duty to govern makes no sense. On the other hand, when it is sustained by true concern for the salvation of each member of the faithful, it is particularly important and necessary even in our time.
If the goal is to proclaim Christ and lead men to a saving encounter with Christ so that they will have life, the task of guiding becomes a service that is lived out in completely giving oneself over to building up the flock in truth and holiness, often going against the current, and remembering that the one who is the greatest must become the smallest and that one who governs must be as one who serves (see Lumen Gentium, 27).
Faithfulness to Christ
From what can a priest draw the strength to exercise his ministry today in complete faithfulness to Christ and to the Church, totally dedicated to his flock?
There is only one answer: in Christ the Lord. Jesus' way of governing is not by domination. Rather, it was the humble and loving service of the washing of the feet.
Christ's kingship over the universe is not an earthly triumph, but climaxes on the wood of the cross, which becomes a judgment for the world and the reference point for exercising an authority that is the true expression of pastoral charity.
The saints, including St. John Mary Vianney, exercised with love and dedication the task of caring for the portion of God's people that was entrusted to them, demonstrating that they, too, were strong and resolute men, with the sole aim of promoting the true well-being of souls, capable of paying a personal price, to the point of martyrdom, in order to remain faithful to the truth and justice of the Gospel.
Dear priests, "Tend the flock of God in your midst, [overseeing] not by constraint, but willingly ... be examples to the flock" (1 Peter 5:2).
Therefore, do not be afraid to lead each of the brothers and sisters he has entrusted to you to Christ, certain that each word and each action, if they come from obedience to God's will, will bear fruit. Appreciate the merits and recognize the limits of the culture in which we live, with the firm conviction that proclaiming the Gospel is the greatest service we can render to man.
In fact, there is no greater good in this earthly life than to lead men to God, to reawaken faith, to lift mankind out of torpor and despair, and to give the hope that God is near and that he guides the history of each individual and the history of the world.
This is, without a doubt, the profound and ultimate meaning of the task of governing that the Lord has entrusted to us. It involves forming Christ in believers, through a process of sanctification that involves conversion of values and attitudes, in order that Christ live in every member of the faithful. St. Paul summarizes his pastoral ministry in these words: "My children, for whom I am again in labor until Christ be formed in you!" (Galatians 4:19).
Dear brothers and sisters, I would like to invite you to pray for me, the Successor of Peter, who has a specific task in governing the Church of Christ, and to pray as well for all your bishops and priests. Pray that we will be able to take care of all the sheep of the flock entrusted to us, including those who are lost.
To you, dear priests, I address a cordial invitation to the closing celebrations of the Year for Priests June 9-11 here in Rome. We will meditate on conversion and mission, on the gift of the Holy Spirit and on our relationship with the Blessed Virgin Mary, and we will renew our priestly promises, sustained by the support of all of God's people. Thank you!
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