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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Wild rocket [
Rocket includes different species belonging to
Rocket contains a range of health-promoting phytochemicals including carotenoids, vitamin C, fiber, polyphenols and glucosinolates [
Several investigations have shown the potential role of phytochemicals in
It is well known that the content of bioactive compounds—hence the nutritional quality of food—can be influenced by several factors such as genetics, degree of ripeness, agronomic and environmental conditions during growth, food preparation and processing.
Growing conditions include a large number of variable agronomic and environmental factors: climate, soil type, hours of sunlight, irrigation, nutrient supply, pest control, growing location, cultivation methods, time of harvest and others [
Organic crop production systems are often contrasted to conventional crop production systems that typically rely on the application of broad-spectrum synthetic fertilizers and pesticides [
In this research the effects of conventional and integrated cultivation practices on the nutritional properties and benefits of wild rocket [
In particular, we have studied antioxidant properties, bioactive molecules content (vitamin C, quercetin, lutein) and the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects of polyphenolic extracts from the edible part of rocket in Caco-2 cell models.
This paper describes changes in antioxidant composition of wild rocket in relationship to the agricultural practices utilized, assessing the optimal content of bioactive compounds and thus more healthful and nutritious food crops.
In this agronomic investigation, we have studied the antioxidants content of wild rockets cultivated following a conventional and integrated system during two years of cultivation.
Bioactive molecules in rocket by agronomic practice and year of cultivation Ω.
|Quercetin (mg/100 g fw)
|Quercetin (mg/100 g fw)
|3.26 ± 0.44c
|0.83 ± 0.57a
|2.50 ± 0.43b
|1.89 ± 1.29a
|7.74 ± 2.51c
|3.31 ± 0.53b
|0.68 ± 1.09a
|0.50 ± 0.37a
|2.65 ± 0.10b
|3.90 ± 2.52
|3.75 ± 0.74
|3.87 ± 0.10
|46.53 ± 9.3
|54.48 ± 19.7
|51.45 ± 12.1
|45.53 ± 8.4
|52.48 ± 18.6
|50.45 ± 10.2
|44.5 ± 19.8
|51.82 ± 11.3
|41.92 ± 6.15
|42.5 ± 10.8
|51.82 ± 10.7
|40.92 ± 5.30
|81.74 ± 6.32b
|53.78 ± 4.40a
|57.02 ± 4.22a
|27.59 ± 1.57b
|20.78 ± 0.21a
|34.15 ± 0.19c
|73.56 ± 0.51a
|76.18 ± 0.00b
|80.98 ± 10.75b
|29.46 ± 1.08a
|37.25 ± 1.40b
|41.11 ± 0.74c
Ω Values are expressed as mean values ± SD; S1-S2-S3 = Samplings1-2-3; Means in rows within same year followed by different letters differed significantly (
The phenolic composition of
Leafy vegetables contain several types of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids [
In our research, the rocket lutein content ranged from 40.92 ± 5.30 µg/g fw to 54.48 ± 19.17 µg/g fw. No significant differences were detected between conventional and integrated rockets and between the first and second year of cultivation for both agronomic practices (
A correlation between antioxidant properties and components such as phenolics, carotenoids and vitamin C has been reported [
FRAP values of rocket distributed by agronomic practice and year of cultivation Ω.
|FRAP (mmol/kg fw)
|FRAP (mmol/kg fw)
|4.44 ± 0.11a
|6.93 ± 0.22b
|7.90 ± 0.24c
|7.76 ± 0.69b
|9.92 ± 0.46c
|7.27 ± 0.17a
|4.13 ± 0.17a
|7.22 ± 0.34b
|7.67 ± 0.27b
|8.56 ± 0.70b
|11.02 ± 0.45c
|7.31 ± 0.26a
Ω Values are expressed as mean values ± SD; S1-S2-S3 = Samplings1-2-3; Means in rows within same year followed by different letters differed significantly (
FRAP values do not differ between conventional and integrated rocket, with the exception of the second sampling of both the first and the second year of cultivation where it was observed to be higher in integrated samples than in conventional samples.
In addition, FRAP values vary with respect to the times of harvest. In the first year of cultivation both agronomic practices exhibited FRAP values (mmol/Kg fw) that were lowest (
The cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity of rocket polyphenol extract were studied using human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cells. The cytotoxic effect of the polyphenol rocket extract was evaluated measuring cell viability by the MTT test.
Effect of polyphenol rocket extract on Caco-2 cell viability *.
We investigated the effect of the rocket polyphenol extract on cell proliferation; the distribution of cells in each phase of the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometric analysis of DNA content. As reported in
Effect of 10 mL/L rocket polyphenol extract on cell cycle #.
The reduction of the number of cells in the S phase induced by rocket polyphenol extract was also confirmed by cytometric evaluation of BrdU incorporation.
Cytotoxicity and antigenotoxic properties of the rocket extract could be due to combined or synergistic activities of several bioactive compounds present in the edible part of the plant as shown in the literature for other food extracts [
Greenhouse experiments were carried out over a period of two years at two farms, a conventional farm (Fogliamica Orticoltura F.lli Tebaldini) and an integrated farm (Orticoltura Ferrari Elio) located in the same vicinity to ensure similar climatic and soil conditions. Cultivation area was in the province of Brescia, Italy. At both farms, cold greenhouses were used, consisting of metal frames covered in plastic sheeting and having a sprinkler irrigation system. Greenhouse surface areas were 300 m2 for the conventional farm and 500 m2 for the integrated farm. For both farms, soil is calcareous, medium- to fine-textured, slightly alkaline; it has a low carbon-nitrogen ratio and a high Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC).
Fertilization for the integrated practice consisted of manure application at the rate of 70 q/ha at the beginning of each crop cycle. For the conventional practice, the fertilizer Nitrophoska 20-20-20 was applied at the rate of 17 q/ha at the beginning of each crop cycle; in addition, for the conventional practice, a fertigation treatment was carried out after each crop cutting.
For conventional practice the pest control consisted of two treatments of Cyfluthrin (Baythroid 5 EC)(0.5 L/ha) for each crop cycle, whereas for integrated practice a single treatment was conducted by spraying Deltamethrin (Bayer Crop Science) (2.5 L/ha) after each crop cycle.
For the conventional practice soil disinfestation was performed with Basamid once every two years, while for the integrated practice soil disinfestation treatment was not applied.
For each agronomic practice samplings were replicated three times each year. For each year, the first sampling was carried out in June (S1), the second in July (S2) and the third in September (S3). In addition for each sample, as a rule, both conventional and integrated vegetables were harvested on the same day. For each sampling, leaves from 10 plants per cultivar per treatment group were harvested together.
All the solvents and reagents were of HPLC or Optima grade; common reagents and standards were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Srl (Milan, Italy), Extrasynthese (Genay, France), Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy) and BDH Laboratory Supplies (Poole, UK) and were of the highest grade available. Double-distilled water (Millipore, Milan, Italy) was used throughout the study.
The crops were delivered directly to the laboratory and sampled on receipt. Only the edible portion of the samples was utilized for analysis and injured samples were not selected. Fresh samples were homogenized in a Waring blender. The extraction of carotenoids, vitamin C, polyphenols and antioxidant activity were done on the same day. Three replicates were prepared from each sample.
Phenolics were hydrolyzed to obtain total free forms and extracted as described by Hertog
Carotenoids were determined as described by Sharpless
Total ascorbic acid was extracted and quantified by HPLC system according to the method of Margolis
Antioxidant properties were evaluated using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). 1 g of the homogenized sample was extracted with 4 mL of water under agitation for 15 min at room temperature, centrifuged at 1000
Values of samples were obtained by summing the values of water and liposoluble fractions. The method followed Benzie and Strain [
The human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells were obtained from European Tissue Culture Collection and cultured in D-MEM with GlutaMAXTM—I supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 IU/mL penicillin and 100 µg/mL streptomycin (all from Gibco-Invitrogen). Cells were grown at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. This investigation has been carried out utilizing polyphenol fractions from rocket hydrolyzed extracts derived from the first year of cultivation' rocket grown in conventional and integrated regimes in the three samplings.
Cells were plated in 24-well tissue culture plates at the concentration of 2 × 105 cells/well and treated for 24 h with increasing concentrations of conventional and integrated rocket polyphenols extract (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 mL/L); cell viability was determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolil-2yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) colorimetric assay [
In order to study the effect of the rocket polyphenol extracts on cell proliferation, we performed a cell cycle distribution analysis by determining bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation
All analyses were performed in triplicate. Data are given as the mean and Standard Deviation (SD). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica for Windows statistical package (release 4.5; StatSoft Inc., Vigonza PD, Italy).
One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 95% confidence level (
For cytotoxicity and antiproliferative experiments, mean values of the percentage of cells in each phase of cell cycle were obtained from three independent experiments; the significance was calculated in comparison to the control, using the Student's
Our results confirm as phytochemicals content are strongly dependent by environmental factors and growing factors in wild rocket. This agronomic research have shown that there are significant differences in the quality of rockets of the two cultivation systems compared, while no influence of agronomic practice on biological activity
Results obtained could contribute to a better understanding of the potential health benefits of
This research was supported by Regione Lombardia Orto-nutritrio project. We thank Ager s.r.l., Custodia s.r.l, Agronomia s.r.l. for their collaboration and their assistance in this research and the farms for the provision of samples.


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Morningstar has changed its rating on
Morningstar cites higher year to date electricity generation, buoyancy in wholesale prices and a recovery of margins in Contact Energy's retail business in the past few months.
For this reason, Morningstar expects earnings before earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation to increase by 10 per cent to $NZ444.4 million in the 2012 financial year.
On the other hand, Morningstar notes that this hasn't made up for a disappointing first half of the 2012 financial year, as they had originally expected. The research house has accordingly lowered its net profit forecast from $169 million to $157 millilon for the 2012 financial year and from $NZ225 million to $NZ197 for 2013.
"Contact Energy is not a growth stock but its dividend remains fairly reliable and stable. The stock will suit income orientated investors with a modest risk appetite," says Morningstar.
The Australian Financial Review


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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
Posted by Anonymous on 2012-04-23
Pretty tasty food. Dining in can be frustrating with the subpar service.
Posted by Josh on 2011-08-04
The food was decently fresh, but the appetizers came after the mains, as did the drinks. Extremely noisy, and the waiter was MIA the whole time. There are far better mexican places in the city in the value category, this place is a waste of time.
Posted by Christine on 2011-05-09
At the last minute we decided to celebrate Cinco de Mayo. The wait was only 20 minutes or so. The food was all delicious! We had guac and chips, steak fajita, short rib taco and the original taco. All recommended. Our waitress was very nice and was on top
Posted by Anonymous on 2011-03-18
Great value. Get the short rib
Posted by Mark R on 2011-02-16
This place is terrible. The food arrived fast - but cold. The chips were burned. We will never order again. Try Tulcingo on 10th Ave, Arriba Arriba or El Centro is you want Mexican in this hood.
Posted by He who shall not be named on 2010-11-16
I got the veggie burrito which was ordinary but their choice of salsas is well above average. Most places have two or three varieties of the tomato based salsa. Besides those popular salsas they had mango salsa and a green salsa (Dont know what that was)
Posted by David on 2010-10-18
Live down the block from the place, made a simple delivery order on a friday night and they told me it would be here in 30-40 min; it's been a hour and I was calling to cancel the order, the delivery guy rang my bell. Just mediocre food isnt worth the wai
Posted by Bernie on 2010-10-04
I have ordered Mexican food in this area for a few years with so-so results but this is the best by far!! The chicken fajita quesadilla was excellent! Well worth the $ and the salsa adds the perfect flavor!! Will be recomending this restaurant to my who


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Larimer County Office on Aging Advisory Council
November 9, 2006
Held at 1501 Blue Spruce Drive
Fort Collins, Colorado 80524
Members Present:
Nancy Arthur
Roger Bailey
Paul Bell
Steve Budner
Janet Montera
Barbara Nuss
Ellen Pihlstrom
Mary Shultz
Earl Stevens
Lloyd Spawn
Barbara Tuttle
Stan Ulrich
Sharon Zamora
Members Absent
Rene DeMattei
Marcy Greenslit
Gerry Hinks
Elnora McCloughan
Karen Reinhardt
Don Venneberg
Staff Present:
Tina Barker
Ruth Coberly
Stacie Hougard
Tina Hugo
Margaret Long
Katy Mason
Lynette McGowan
Glen Rathgeber
Linda Rumney
Laura Sutherlin
Guests Present:
Andra Coberly
Joanne Johnsen
Betty Thornton
Ron Weers
Earl Stevens called the meeting to order at 1:34 p.m.
Earl Stevens welcomed Joanne Johnsen from Elderhaus, Andra Coberly, a reporter from the Fort Collins Weekly and Ron Weers and Betty Thornton, consumers.
There was no open discussion or community input.
Stand as presented.
Mary Shultz recommended a change to page 1 under Introductions. Jennifer Miller is running for State Senate, not representative in Senate. Minutes to stand as presented with one correction.
Earl Stevens deferred the chair report because of the full agenda.
Stan Ulrich presented a plaque to Dr. Susan Collins who helped the housing committee compile data received from their two housing surveys.
Margaret Long gave a description of the 4-year plan. She stated that under the Older Americans Act, the Administration on Aging requires states to create a 4-year plan. Each Area Agency on Aging (AAA) must have their plan approved by their Advisory Council and Board of Commissioners before it is submitted to the state. Margaret stated that in addition, the AAA is required to have a public hearing to afford the public the opportunity to be involved in the planning process. Margaret described resources she used to complete the initiatives section in the plan. There were five focus groups held in 2005 in preparation for the White House Conference on Aging along with a Hispanic focus group, a Statewide Strengths & Needs assessment and an Office on Aging Staff Retreat.
Margaret stated that when developing the 4-year plan we really need to look farther than four years. We are seeing a possible Senior Tsunami; an increasing population in seniors. Margaret feels that taking this time to plan for the major change in demographics is a must. Currently, 14% of the population is 60+; by 2020 it will be 20%, although, more importantly, the 75+ population during in same timeframe will go from 13,000 to 20,000.
Margaret stated that the state prescribed forms for financial information only include Federal funds because the local plans are used by the state to write the state-wide plan which is submitted to the Federal government. Margaret said that to really look at what will happen over the next four years, she and staff did an additional analysis including all funding sources, Federal, state and local.
Margaret then distributed to all attending the above mentioned fiscal analysis as well as the required forms outlining the proposed use of Federal funds and the projected units of service. She stated that the units of service and amount of funding for contracted services will decrease during the four years due to the increase of internal costs. The only way to stop the decrease is to reduce staffing levels. Margaret stated that we cannot reduce staff and support new initiatives and maintain current directly provided services.
Margaret stated that we are not meeting current needs and those needs will continue to increase in the future. Margaret reported that the plan demonstrates the worse case scenario based on the assumption that federal and state funding will continue to be flat. There is hope that the state funding will increase.
Margaret reemphasized that there are no plans to change current staffing levels. At this time the Office on Aging has 2 full-time Ombudsmen, 1 full-time Family Caregiver Coordinator, .75 Outreach Coordinator, 1 full-time ARCH Program Coordinator, and 1.75 Administrative personnel. Margaret stated that our internal costs are going up which puts the squeeze on the contracted services. The internal costs for providers will also increase which will ultimately mean a reduction in services.
In looking at year one of the funding grids, Margaret stated that there is a huge funding gap. In previous years, the Office on Aging had carryover and a decent contingency fund. To cover some of the United Way cuts to senior services, the Office on Aging used $80,000 in carryover and contingency dollars which eliminated any extra padding for the future. Also, Margaret reported that the Office on Aging used $50,000 of the new state funding received this year on a Volunteer Family Caregiver Respite Program.
Margaret responded to a question in regard to predicting funding. She stated that although the Older Americans Act was reauthorized no specific funding was set except for the Family Caregiver Program. Margaret feels that in looking at the election results; we have some good legislators in office that are aware of senior issues. In the past, federal funding has been up and down, but mostly flat. The State funding equals almost half of the federal funding and the State funding has been variable. Margaret doesnt think we can depend on an increase in the federal funding or from local governments considering that they are not in good shape. There are hopes that the state may bump up funding.
The Initiatives section will become the work plan for the next four years. In reviewing the Initiatives section, Margaret stated that the plan includes looking at some kind of private funding. Margaret is interested, in helping to create a 501-c-3 non-profit foundation to help alleviate the current shift in United Way funding priorities away from senior services. We need look at the public and private needs for seniors and review how best to meet those needs. This review would include looking at fundraising as a means to meet the needs of seniors.
Margaret described some of the other initiatives listed in the document. These initiatives include; finding geriatric practitioners that specialize in mental health, disaster response/pandemic planning, outreach to minority groups, Culture Change, and elder rights.
Initiatives that will require some costs beyond staff time include: working with the low-vision seniors, caregiver support program, oral health issues, information and referral, the new ARCH (Adult Resources for Care & Help) program, and senior transportation.
Lloyd Spawn suggested adding a section on nutrition. Lloyd moved to accept the 4-year plan as presented with the addition of a nutrition section. Stan Ulrich seconded the motion. None objected or abstained.
Joanne Johnsen from Elderhaus thanked the Council for the additional funding to help with their Application Assistance Program.
Fort Collins Senior Advisory Board Report
Marjorie McTaggart was not present.
Loveland Senior Advisory Board
Earl Stevens commented on how satisfied the board was with the AARP conference. Earl stated that the board is still trying to set up a conference for the Spring of 2007 with the $1,100 from the previous Caring Conversations conference. Earl stated that the money will be dispersed if it is not spent soon.
Foundation on Aging
No report given.
Larimer County Commissioner
Karen Wagner reported that the Department of Health & Human Services is still working with the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) on transit.
Karen commented that it is prime time to meet with state legislators to get ideas on legislation to help with funding gaps. This time can be used to educate and advocate for an increase in state funding.
Karen was disappointed that the Criminal Justice ballot issue did not pass. Earl Stevens stated that he will be writing an article for the 50+ Marketplace News on this issue. He will be meeting with Commissioner Glen Gibson for information for the article. The article will help to get more information out to the public about the criminal justice issue.
Human Relations Commission:
No report given.
Commission on Aging:
No report given.
Lynette McGowan gave a brief autobiography.
Education Committee
Mary Shultz reported that the committee discussed the Legislative Breakfast, Bridging the Gap Networking Luncheon, and the Job Fair. The committee also discussed where they want to go with the Speakers Bureau.
Executive Committee
Earl Stevens reported that the committee had a presentation by Mary Robertson from United Way. The committee expressed their dismay regarding funding cuts to senior programs. Dr. Roger Bailey reported on a meeting with the City of Fort Collins in regard to Dial-A-Ride cuts. There have been approximately 55 to 85 clients identified that could lose critical services from Dial-a-Ride with the pending cuts.
Earl reminded the council not to forget the annual Advisory Council Christmas Luncheon. The luncheon will start at 12:00pm at the Fort Collins Senior Center on December 14th. Please RSVP to Tina Hugo by November 30th.
Health Committee
Nancy Arthur reported that the committee discussed oral health, and Medicare Part D training. The committee reviewed a PowerPoint presentation on the Flu Pandemic. The Health Committee is reviewing how they can provide useful information to community members. Nancy stated that the committee is looking for existing materials so they do not have to reinvent the wheel. The committee will follow up with distributing the Answers on Aging Resource Guides to doctors offices.
Membership Committee
No report given.
Nutrition Committee
Dr. Roger Bailey stated that the committee is looking at possible funding avenues. He reported that the Fort Collins MOW was also affected by the United Way funding cuts.
Housing Committee
Stan Ulrich reported that the committee has grown to include Janet Montera and Rene DeMattei. Stan stated that Janet agreed to help market the housing surveys.
Transportation Committee
No report given.
Staff Reports
Margaret Long stated that Gerry Hinks brother died.
Katy Mason reported that the Medicare Part D programs open enrollment dates are between November 15th and December 31st. Katy is concerned because she has heard people say that they believe it will be worse than last year. Katy commented that it is important to let the public know what local resources are available. Katy went on to state that the Office on Aging needs help getting the new brochures on Medicare Part D out to local pharmacies. Katy reported that there have been over 10,000 Answers on Aging Resource Guides distributed.
Tina Barker and Linda Rumney reported that they will continue to help Assisted Living residents and the Office on Aging with Medicare Part D.
Earl Stevens wished all a Happy Thanksgiving.
Dr. Roger Bailey sent around a petition in support of Dial-a-Ride.
Earl adjourned the meeting at 3:41 p.m.


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Links: Results
SPRINGFIELD, Mass. – Highlighted by individual victories by freshmen John Braga (North Reading, Mass.), and Carly Muscaro (Ashland, Mass.) in the long jump and 200m dash, respectively, the Merrimack College men's and women's track & field each posted top-13 team finishes at the AIC Yellow Jacket Invitational on Saturday.
The Basics
Team Standings: Men (13th/20) | Women (11th/20)
Top Performers: John Braga (LJ) | Carly Muscaro (200m)
Location: American Int'l College | Springfield, Mass.
How It Happened
Competing against some of the top regional programs at the Division I, II and III ranks, Merrimack proved its status as one of the top teams in that category, as the women finished with an 11th-place standing in the team rankings while the men placed 13th in the 20-team field.
Braga was the highlight of the men's squad after winning the long jump, posting a final distance of 7.07m, four hundredths better than his previous personal best in the event.
Muscaro, meanwhile, was brilliant in the 200m dash, blowing away the field by nearly three tenths of a second and winning the race with a final time of 24.86 seconds, accounting for the second individual victory of the day.
On the men's side, sophomore Taylor Jean-Gilles (Woburn, Mass.) earned a top-10 finish in the 200m, placing 10th with a time of 22.85 seconds. In the 10,000m race, junior Sherif Ali (Cliffside Park, N.J.) placed third with a time of 32:23.98 seconds, while John Spencer (North Haven, Conn.) finished sixth in the 110m hurdles at 15.24 seconds.
Finally, the men's 4x100m relay team placed fifth and was the top Division II finisher with a combined time of 44.09 seconds.
Over on the women's side, senior Briana Devereaux (Londonderry, N.H.) boasted a fourth-place finish in the 800m at 2:22.94 seconds, while sophomore Kerry Phelan (Peabody, Mass.) led the way in the 10,000m with a time of 39:40.00.
In field events, freshman Sarah Barnett (Bridgewater, Mass.) finished eighth in 1.53m, while sophomore Samantha Dee (Bedford, N.H.) and Leyna Tobey placed seventh and fifth, respectively, in the discus and javelin.
Up Next
The Warriors continue the outdoor season a week from Saturday, traveling to Bethlehem, Pa., to partake in the Moravian College Invitational on April 12.
For continuing coverage of Merrimack College Athletics, visit MerrimackAthletics.com and follow the Warriors on Twitter and on Facebook.


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Sea Kayaking Ireland - An exhilarating form of travel!
|Become part of the ocean and experience our pristine shores in the most natural way possible.
Investigate untouched bays, historic islands and inspiring sea caves whilst getting in shape and releasing the weekly stresses. You'll be amazed at what you can encounter and the sheer enjoyment that kayaking delivers.
From family outings to exploration days, sea kayaking in Ireland is a fantastic way to get up close and personal with nature.
Experience Irish Sea Kayaking and discover our stunning shorelines and incredible sea life first hand. Encounter dolphins, whales, seals and so much more!
Discover stony coves only accessible by kayak and stop off for a swim or snorkel. Your experience will enrich your exploration desires from a totally new perspective.
The level of adventure is up to you. If you would like to experience what life is like underwater, check out scuba diving in Ireland.
Night time paddling is a truly unique encounter that's certainly not to be missed. Gliding gracefully through the water at sunset delivers an enchanting experience as you look up at the night skies whilst listening to the sea-bass splashing at the surface.
Totally refresh your body and mind with a sea kayaking experience that's guaranteed to leave you yearning for more.
Tranquillity in one its purest forms!
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Busty horny slut, Richelle Ryan posing seductively while caressing her big boobs and fondling her tight horny wet cunt before sucking and being fucked so hard
Currently 1054 big boob scenes and counting! You'll get full access to hours of hi-resolution videos featuring the hottest, most vuluptuous women on the planet. Plus you'll receive thousands of super high quality photos! Join now!


text:
Skip navigation.
September 27, 2010
During halftime of the Ranger Homecoming football game this weekend, Madison Malone, Valley Center, Kan., junior, and Josh Stephens, Sapulpa sophomore, were crowned as 2010 Homecoming Queen and King during the coronation ceremony at Northwestern Oklahoma State University.
Malone is an elementary education major. She holds offices in Student Government Association (SGA) and Student Oklahoma Education Association (SOEA). Malone enjoys cooking and hanging out with friends. She is the daughter of Don and Pam (Lemmons) Malone, a 1983 Ranger Queen.
Stephens is a mass communication major and is involved in Rangers Excelling at Leadership (REAL). He enjoys playing intramural sports and is a member of the Oklahoma Broadcast Education Association (OBEA). Stephens is the son of Candace Counts of Sapulpa.
Brianne Brown, a La Vernia, Texas, freshman, was crowned as the 2010 Freshman Queen in a previous election. Brown is a member of Alpha Sigma Alpha and plays on the Ranger soccer team. She is the daughter of Gayle and Don Brown.
MISSION STATEMENT: Northwestern Oklahoma State University provides quality educational and cultural opportunities to learners with diverse needs by cultivating ethical leadership and service, critical thinking and fiscal responsibility.


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SingAir back on Anderson's radar
Page Tools
Fresh doubts have surfaced over Qantas's stranglehold on the Sydney-Los Angeles route after the Federal Transport Minister, John Anderson, flagged resuming open skies talks with the Singapore Government.
More than a year after the talks were postponed until there was "greater stability in the global aviation environment", Mr Anderson told the Dow Jones news service he was now "prepared to seriously consider" reopening the talks.
"I believe that the global outlook has stabilised and improved and we gave the Singaporeans a commitment that when things had settled down we would talk to them again," he told Dow Jones.
The Singapore Government has been calling for the talks to reopen since July.
An open skies agreement would allow Singapore Airlines to fulfil its dream of snatching high-yielding business traffic on the Australia-US route. In return, Qantas could be allowed increased rights to fly to other Asian cities from Singapore.
Qantas makes about 15 per cent of its profits from the LA route, where it controls about 75 per cent of direct flights and United Airlines the rest.
Aside from Singapore Air jockeying hard to get on the route, there have been concerns raised within the local tourism industry that the lack of capacity (and high load factors) on the route were costing Australia thousands of potential US holidaymakers.
According to the latest monthly statistics published by the Department of Transport, United Airlines filled 95.9 per cent of seats on inbound flights to the US in July; Qantas filled 85.1 per cent of its seats.
This compares with an average load factor of 79 per cent for all flights into Australia that month.
Tourism Australia estimates that a "slippage" in visitor numbers occurs when airline load factors climb above 80 per cent.
Singapore Airlines welcomed Mr Anderson's comments. A spokeswoman for the airline, Samantha Stewart, said: "We can assure you that we are as interested as we have always been in flying that route."
Qantas, however, referred the Herald to its comments in the Dow Jones report, where it said the aviation environment was still unstable.
But some aviation pundits remained circumspect about Mr Anderson's comments, given the minister gave a time frame of 12 to 18 months for any agreement.
"It looks like he's going to buy some time for Qantas one way or the other," said Ian Thomas, of the Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation.
Despite Qantas and United recently announcing an increase in services to the US, Macquarie Equities analyst Ian Myles noted capacity on the Australia-US route was still at 1995 levels.
Meanwhile, one year after pushing the Department of Transport to publish on-time data, Virgin Blue has slipped behind to have the worst on-time performance of any domestic airline. In September, only 76.6 per cent of Virgin's flights departed on time, compared with Qantas's 85.3 per cent and Jetstar's 87.6 per cent.


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Fresh Peaches or Nectarines
June 9, 2014—Fearlessly Archived—Still a fun read; price & availability may have changed.
Our supplier is a third generation California tree-fruit grower, and they grow some of the best stone fruits (peaches, nectarines, plums, etc) we've ever tasted. For these boxes, they're providing us with big fruit that's juicy and incredibly flavorful. Each four pound box will be filled with 10-12 Peaches or Nectarines, depending on what's most ready for harvest each day. The fruit is shipped to our stores very cold, so it stays as fresh as possible. This keeps the fruit firm - don't make the mistake of thinking the fruit isn't ripe. It's really ripe. Just leave it out at room temperature for 24-36 hours to let the fruit soften and allow the bright aromas to shine through. This is a special value on very special fruit that we'll only have while these particular varieties are in season. So eat a peach - or a nectarine. Use them for pie, cobbler, smoothies, salads, or simply grill them for a super summer dessert with crème fraîche. Enjoy them often, while they last.
*Ounces, price and availability may vary by region. Currently Trader Joe's Nectarines or Peaches are $4.99 in our West Coast stores, $5.49 in our Pacific Northwest stores and $5.99 in our East Coast, Midwest and Southeast stores.
Related Items: snacking , Limited Availability , Pies ,


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That is a humorous way of contrasting the jealous patriotism of the Scot with the passionate individualism of the celt.
His mother had been a Highland woman, and the celt is said to be gifted with second sight.
Her courage was the blended courage of the celt, the Spaniard, and the Moor.
It is possible to note the difference in the character of the celt and Teuton.
Meredith never wrote a novel which was less a novel than celt and Saxon.
Because lust was not good enough, the celt invented romance.
A celt is the child of generations of cattle-stealers, and the raiding spirit is still in the blood.
She is celt to her back-bone, with all the qualities of her race.
As the individual celt was easily turned into a soldier, so a tribe of celts was easily turned into a battalion of soldiers.
The apple seller was on deck then, and with the wisdom of the celt she understood.
"stone chisel," 1715, from a Latin ghost word (apparently a misprint of certe) in Job xix:24 in Vulgate: "stylo ferreo, et plumbi lamina, vel celte sculpantur in silice;" translated, probably correctly, in KJV as, "That they were graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock for ever." But assumed by others to be a genuine carving tool, partly because it was in the Bible, and thereafter adapted by archaeologists as a name for a class of prehistoric implements.
also Kelt, c.1600, from Latin Celta, singular of Celtae, from Greek Keltoi, Herodotus' word for the Gauls (who also were called Galatai). Used by the Romans of continental Gauls but apparently not of the British Celtic tribes. Originally in English in reference to ancient peoples; extention to their modern descendants is from mid-19c., from French usage.


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Posted on September 24, 2013 by: acid stag
Take a look at retro dance-class visual accompaniment for Peking Duk's latest single, 'Feels Like'
We claim no credit for any images, music and/or videos posted on this site unless otherwise noted. All audio and visual content is copyright to its respectful owners. We are also in no way responsible for, or have control of the content of any external web site links. This website was created as a promotional tool. Please support the artists and purchase their work.


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Sir Derek Higgs is not from the school of thought led by retailer Gerry Harvey who last year described corporate governance as "long, frigging crap paperwork".
Sir Derek, the architect of the eponymous review of Britain's corporate governance code, says corporate governance can give all investors - great and small - a better idea of the culture of the company.
"I think the extra amount [of compliance work required by companies] is limited and worthwhile because of the value it has in clarity of thinking about the issues with the company," he said during a visit to Sydney yesterday. He said those companies who claimed corporate governance added too many extra pages to their annual report were "speaking nonsense".
But he admits it is mainly the job of investors to keep companies honest. "Institutions in my view should take more notice of the quality of the board and the way in which they work than they have in the past."
Likewise, the corporate sector had to embrace corporate governance because a failure to do so just encouraged governments to intervene.
On Australia's planned adoption of non-binding votes on executive pay, similar to the rules in the UK, Sir Derek said a lot of criticism was self-serving.
"I think [non-binding votes on pay] is a pragmatic approach . . . but there is no law or code that I know of that says how much people should be paid."
Sir Derek, whose daytime job is a senior adviser in the UK to investment bank UBS, sees a need for balance and isn't a fan of the prescriptive legalistic approach created by the US's quick adoption of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act following the demise of Enron in 2002. Sarbanes-Oxley put pressure on board audit committees to do the "impossible" and take total control of risk management, when this function should also be carried out more widely within a company.
The Higgs Review, which was handed down in January 2003, recommended widening the pool of board members, clarify the definition of independence and non-executive director, separating the roles of chairman and chief executive and promoting closer relationship between shareholders and non-executive directors.
One of the unfortunate results of the heightened corporate governance debate was higher fees for non-executive directors.
"Pay levels are rising somewhat both in terms of absolute amount because the time commitment is rising somewhat and because the disparity between what they would get for sitting in a meeting for one hour and what the CEO would get was too great."
Sir Derek is reluctant to say there should be a limit on the number of directorships held by each director, but notes jurisdictions like the Netherlands have imposed a limit of five.
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Style Showdown: Rachel Bilson Vs. Jenna Dewan-Tatum (POLL)
The Hart of Dixie star and fashionista was spotted earlier this week in a pair of Isabel Marant hot pink trousers and a Vanessa Burno blazer. She sure caught our eye with the pop of bright color, but it also turned on a light bulb in our heads as we remembered Channing Tatum's wife Jenna wearing a similar outfit back in mid February!
Jenna wore an almost exact outfit last month at the Alice + Olivia Fashion show. Both ladies wore white tops with black blazers to make the outfits nearly identical. The dazzling brunettes did mix it up, with Jenna accessorizing her outfit with copper bracelets and a necklace, while Rachel just had a small necklace to finish up her look. Good thing these ladies didn't wear them at the same event!
Who do you think rocked this look best? Cast your vote in the poll!


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Many Way Butter Cookies
joeyjoan K
This is a Recipe I have been preparing since I was in my teens. I am so happy that for what ever reason as a young women I decided to write down some of my favorite recipes and keep them in an old recipe box that was my mom's. A very good cookie that you can do many many things with. Hence the name. My Grandaughter a true cookie monster likes to help make the cookies but she loves to eat them even more.
- 1 c
- butter
- 1 c
- sugar
- 1
- egg
- 2 tsp
- vanilla extract
- 2 2/3 c
- flour
- 1/4 tsp
- salt
How to Make Many Way Butter Cookies
- 1cream butter in a large bowl mix in sugar.
- 2blend in 1 egg and vanilla.
- 3add flour and salt
- 4mix all together
- 5dough can be formed into small balls and flattened with a glass bottom.
- 6Or roll out the dough and cut with cookie cutters.
- 7bake in a 375 degree oven for 7 to 10 minutes on ungreased cookie sheets.
About Many Way Butter Cookies
Course/Dish: Cookies
Main Ingredient: Flour
Regional Style: American
Other Tags: Quick & Easy, For Kids


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Baseball GM Sings 'Take Me Out to the Ballgame' While Getting Prostate Exam
During the seventh inning stretch of Thursday's Myrtle Beach Pelicans game, the team's general manager got his prostate checked.
Andy Milovich sang Take Me Out to the Ballgame while a doctor examined him.
This was done to raise awareness of the need to get annual prostate exams. Also, they were supporting a girl known as "Fierce Fallon." Fallon has brain cancer.
Post by Fierce Fallon.


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Overall mortgage lending remains weak but
The Council of Mortgage Lenders
are reporting stronger remortgage activity and an increasing demand for house purchase.
National Association of Estate Agents (NAEA)
are also reporting a rise in the number of people registering to buy and sell homes.
What are the best rates for fixed, discounted or variable mortgages?
How much can you afford to borrow?
Is it worth choosing a cheap rate if the set up fees are high?
Are you able to overpay?
What are the options if you are self-employed?
If you are a first time buyer do you need advice about deposits or shared ownership?
Paul Lewis was joined by:
• Ray Boulger, senior technical manager, John Charcol
• Melanie Bien, director, Private Finance
• Jane King, mortgage adviser, Ash-Ridge Asset Management
Presenter: Paul LewisProducer: Diane Richardson
What are these?
Download or subscribe to this programme's podcast
Most Popular Now | 56,514 people are reading stories on the site right now.";


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Diamond and Beads Rakhi
You will love this gift pack includes special rakhi that you need to surprise your darling brother on the auspicious occasion. Raksha Bandhan is the best festival where all sisters contrive to send their brothers tokens of their love and affection. Rakhi comes in unique style of beads strings with diamond ball and stone rings for your brothers adorned sure. So make your brothers feel special by sending them this precious rakhi. Product Includes : Rakhi thread comes with stylish beads strings with diamond ball and stone rings and Packet of Roli.


text:
- Description
The Alianza collection is an ideal choice for any living room. It features KD back with loose seat and tufted back cushions. The beige linen with round bun leg is classic and stylish. Pillows are included for better and comfortable back support. This is a perfect set for your living room.Includes
1 LoveseatDimensions
Loveseat(52581), 61"L x 38"D x 37"H
More from this collection: Alianza
- Additional Information
Additional Information
SKU 11311410 MPN 52581 GTIN UPC 0840412039973 Brand Acme Collection Alianza Assemble Length 61 Assemble Width 38 Assemble Height 37 Assembly Required Yes Material Fabric Color Beige Styles Contemporary Shipping Time 1-2 Weeks Free Shipping No
- Reviews
Disclaimer: Pictures displayed may include optional products not included in the price. Computer monitors often display color variations. Color swatches are shown if alternative colors are available. Please call us or email us if you have any questions!


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Airbag light: code 8- firing circuit, side airbag, rear right side
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Location: usa
Join Date: Aug 2008
Posts: 6
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Airbag light: code 8- firing circuit, side airbag, rear right side
After I changed the regulator on rear right window, the air bag light came on. This was the second regulator I changed. The code from B800 scanner was 8, table 10 which points to firing circuit of the rear right side. After I reset it, it came back the next time the key was turned on. I check the connector and one of the outside legs having locking hook was broken; however, the legs that push the shorting circuit were good. When I put the lock piece down, the resistor measure between 2 wires was 0. When I lifted the locking piece up, the resistance was 2.2 ohm. The connector seems to work fine and I think the outside locking leg did not cause the problem. I exchanged the airbag with a different one from other window (a 3rd regulator broken I changed after this one), it still showed the same code.
What else should I checked. I read forum mentioning about lock spring on other car but i cannot find one for this car even from part diagram.
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Read the full story here Web Link posted Thursday, August 20, 2009, 11:00 AM
Town Square
16 players, coaches in Murray, Utah for Babe Ruth World Series competition
Original post made on Aug 21, 2009
Read the full story here Web Link posted Thursday, August 20, 2009, 11:00 AM
Comments (2)
a resident of Mohr Park
on Aug 21, 2009 at 10:13 pm
I am the webmaster for Tri-Valley Babe Ruth (www.tvbrbaseball.org). I will put a link on our website to the article, but I would like permission to copy & paste the text to our website for posterity.
a resident of Amador Valley High School
on Aug 24, 2009 at 8:45 am
A short update: TriValley won their first game last night in a shut-out 11-1!
Don't miss out on the discussion!
Sign up to be notified of new comments on this topic.
Tri-Valley cities rank high in poll
By Tim Hunt | 4 comments | 566 views


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Another remarkable prophecy of Christ in the Old Testament (the study of which is a classic devotion for Advent), is Isaiah 9:1-7. Not only do we learn that the Messiah will live in Galilee and will be the eternal Davidic King. Verse 6 also establishes His deity and does so in Trinitarian terms:
And his name shall be called
Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God,
Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.
The child who is born to us will be called "Mighty God."
We also have an intimation of the inter-relationship and the unity of the Persons within the Trinity. The Son is not the Father or the Holy Spirit, but rather all three are distinct persons within one unity. And yet here the titles and the functions of the Holy Spirit ("Wonderful Counselor") and God the Father ("Everlasting Father"), as well as the Son ("Prince of Peace") are all ascribed to the Son who will be given to us. [Read more…]


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After the breakup, in the late 1990s, of Chicago hardcore band 88 Fingers Louie, bassist/vocalist Joe Principe formed Rise Against, a similarly melodic outfit that balances angst, punk politics, and post-grunge hooks, reflecting the multi-faceted nature of the Chicago hardcore scene. After two well-received albums on Fat Wreck Chords and hundreds of thrilling live shows, the band landed a major label deal and continued to attract a larger fanbase. Their 2006 album charted at #10 on the Billboard 200, and the band's music has shown up in films, on TV, and in video games, but, true to their name, Rise Against continues to uphold a David-vs.-Goliath punk ethos that includes endorsing PETA and other animal rights and vegan concerns.
Rise Against are a political punk band from Chicago who recorded Siren Song of the Counter-Culture with Rage Against the Machine producer GGGarth and Rage and Nirvana mixer Andy Wallace. The four band members came together from punk bands 88 Fingers Louie, Pinhead Circus, and the Enemy, and the emo band Baxter, and play old school punk (e.g., Descendants) with a strong political point of view.


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When the New York Giants took the field for their first practice of mini-camp on Tuesday, Mathias Kiwanuka was there — filling in at both defensive end and pass-rushing linebacker. He went through the drills, smiled and joked with his teammates and acted as if he were happy to be there.
The only problem is, Kiwanuka is not happy. And had the circumstances of his personal life been any different, he would no long be a member of the New York Football Giants.
Kiwanuka, who signed a four-year, $21.75 million deal in 2012, admitted on Tuesday that he was both "very angry" and "very upset" with the Giants for forcing him into a massive pay cut this offseason — a pay cut that reduced his base salary to from $4.375 million to $1.5 million. And while he could have opted to turn down the requested cut and been released, Kiwi and his wife were expecting a baby boy in April and that was the sort of major shakeup he felt the couple and their soon-to-be son could not and should not endure.
Accordingly, the backed into a corner Kiwanuka gritted his teeth and reluctantly agreed to the salary reduction.
"If we are going to be playing on these contracts, make them contracts," Kiwanuka told The Star-Ledger. "Either that or everyone sign a one-year deal every year and we'll do it that way. It's not fair to be locked in somewhere and have that place say that we've decided not to honor the rest of the deal. I don't think it is a contract by definition if one side can opt out of it at any point and the other has no recourse."
Despite his anger and emotion, Kiwanuka vows to not let it impact his play in 2014, even if the team once against shifts his position to linebacker — which they did on Tuesday.
"Yeah, I'm a team player, but there is a point," he said. "I don't think it's right. I think that there are plenty of situations where players out-perform their contracts and they're bashed media-relations wise or fan-wise for asking for more money, so when two sides agree to a contract and one side decides they're not going to live up to it, it's disappointing.
"You want to expect that that is the deal, but you're naive if you think that is what is going to happen. That's the reality of the situation. That is the reality of the league. I don't agree with it at all, but these are the rules that we agreed upon. So we could either play or watch."
Although Kiwanuka went on to admit that the NFLPA and free agency have helped level the playing field for players, it doesn't necessarily mean that things are equal between players and management. And, of course, he cites his current situation as the prime example.
On the other side of the coin, there's nothing that protects owners from players holding out for more money — it's something we see every year from rookies (ie. Jay Bromley seeking a larger signing bonus) to veterans (ie. Andre Johnson). It's a cutthroat business and business isn't fair. That's just the nature of the game.
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Victims over the age of 60 can call the California Senior Legal Hotline, where they will receive confidential advice on legal matters.
This program is designed to address a growing problem of domestic violence toward elderly people who experience stalking, physical or emotional abuse, threats, or neglect by a family member, spouse, partner, caregiver or cohabitant.
Callers can also be connected with local domestic violence programs so they can obtain additional support, officials said.
This hotline is possible because of a grant from the U.S. Department of Justice, according to the hotline.
The problem of domestic abuse toward seniors was highlighted during a recent hearing of the Senate Special Committee on Aging, where actor Mickey Rooney shared his story of abuse by a family member.
The hotline will be operated under the Sacramento-based nonprofit Legal Services of Northern California.
The toll-free number for seniors in need of legal guidance is (800) 222-1753.
This is not an emergency line, and those who feel immediately threatened should dial 911, according to hotline officials.
—Bay City News Service


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Hi folks,Lock your track with the letter l. This will keep you from recording over your track. If you try to record over a locked track, you will be presented with a message telling you that the track is locked To unlock the track, just press l again.
This information will be in the revised guide coming soon. Keith Reedy
Click on the link below to go to our homepage. http://www.icanworkthisthing.com Manage your subscription by using the web interface on the link below. http://www.freelists.org/list/macvoiceoverUsers can subscribe to this list by sending email to macvoiceover-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'subscribe' in the Subject field OR by logging into the Web interface at http://www.freelists.org/list/macvoiceover


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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
In this study, features of the financial returns of the PSI20index, related to market efficiency, are captured using wavelet- and entropy-based techniques. This characterization includes the following points. First, the detection of long memory, associated with low frequencies, and a global measure of the time series: the Hurst exponent estimated by several methods, including wavelets. Second, the degree of roughness, or regularity variation, associated with the Hölder exponent, fractal dimension and estimation based on the multifractal spectrum. Finally, the degree of the unpredictability of the series, estimated by approximate entropy. These aspects may also be studied through the concepts of non-extensive entropy and distribution using, for instance, the Tsallis q-triplet. They allow one to study the existence of efficiency in the financial market. On the other hand, the study of local roughness is performed by considering wavelet leader-based entropy. In fact, the wavelet coefficients are computed from a multiresolution analysis, and the wavelet leaders are defined by the local suprema of these coefficients, near the point that we are considering. The resulting entropy is more accurate in that detection than the Hölder exponent. These procedures enhance the capacity to identify the occurrence of financial crashes.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze two main issues concerning the Portuguese Index PSI20 daily returns, in the period from 2000 to 2013. The first issue is market efficiency (see Kristoufek and Vorvsda [
Long memory reflects a tendency for a slow decay of the magnitude of the time series correlations as a function of lag size, but still preserving stationarity. In a strict sense, it is defined as reflecting a trend-like behavior, that is, persistence (positive long memory). In a broader sense, it may reflect either persistence or anti-persistence, that is, a switching behavior more pronounced than that of a random process (negative long memory); see [
While long memory, measured by the Hurst coefficient, H, is a global characteristic of the series, roughness, measured by the fractal dimension, D, is a local one. For a self-affine process, given by:
it is verified that D + H = 2 (see, for instance, [
A generalization is given by multifractal processes, given by:
so that a linear scaling is attained.
The definition of entropy as a measure of uncertainty, or lack of information, is used not only to measure unpredictability, but also to reflect indirectly the degree of roughness in the path of the series.
As an alternative in the analysis of market efficiency, we will use the concept of the q-triplet, created by Tsallis [
The second issue is local regularity, which is related to the identification of crisis events. Financial time series evolve showing patterns, such as time varying volatility and abrupt changes. Irregularity presented by a signal gives information about its behavior. The characterization of irregularity is given by the quantification of the local regularity of a function,
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we present the methods for studying market efficiency, using the concepts of long memory, unpredictability and path roughness (Section 2.1) and the concept of q-triplet (Section 2.2). The treatment of the wavelet approach for measuring irregularity is given in Section 3. Results are presented in Section 4. We provide a brief conclusion in Section 5.
Analysis of the existence of efficiency in the financial markets is an important issue in financial analysis. A capital market is considered efficient if prices, at each moment, reflect all relevant information. Three types of efficiency are considered according to the degree of information incorporated: weak efficiency if information includes only past prices; semi-strong efficiency if information includes also the information publicly available in the market; and strong efficiency if it includes all information, public or private.
We analyze three aspects of the return series, which result from the existence of efficiency. The empirical testing of those aspects correspond to the check for the existence of efficiency.
The assurance of efficiency in the market is attained by an automatic elimination of arbitrage opportunities. The absence of arbitrage implies that there will be no long memory, described as a power decay of correlations, in the return series—the first aspect that characterizes the return series. As a consequence of the absence of arbitrage opportunities, it is expected that the price series are modeled as a martingale and the corresponding returns as a martingale difference that is unpredictable—the second aspect of the return series. This implies an erratic behavior of prices, which is quantified as a high degree of roughness—the third aspect of the return series.
A long memory process was originally defined and motivated, respectively, by McLeod and Hipel [
In what follows, we assume that the parameter,
An alternative definition of a long memory process is attained by the asymptotic characterization of autocorrelations (see [
A third alternative definition may be stated in the frequency domain; see [
In alternative definitions of long memory, we consider asymptotic relations based on power functions, either in the time or in the frequency domain. By applying a logarithm transformation on the variables, we obtain linear regressions, which may be fitted by a least squares approach. This is the mechanism taken to build several estimation methods for the Hurst coefficient,
Considering a long memory process in the form
The periodogram estimator is obtained after (
where {
Other approaches may be taken, for instance, the Whittle estimator [
The fractal dimension is a measure of roughness, and in opposition to the Long memory characterization, it measures the local memory of the series (Kristoufek and Vorvsda [
(see Theiler [
so that the dimension is given by:
This is a local quantity from which a global definition of the fractal dimension can be found by averaging.
(1) The classical box-counting dimension is defined as follows. We take a partition of the state space in a grid where each box has size
(2) The Hall–Wood estimator is a version of the box-counting estimator, this being obtained from (
The Hall–Wood estimator is based on an ordinary least squares regression fit of
(see Hall
(3) The Genton estimator is based on the variogram given by 2γ2 (
for which we have γ2(
The ordinary least squares regression fit of:
Remark that
The mean squared error of the estimator is minimized for
When the method of moments estimator
which is approximately equal to
As Kristoufek and Vosvrda [
is built by making
As referred to by Pincus
Typically, it is chosen
The concept of the q-triplet created by Tsallis [
This indicator allows one to stress the power-law sensitivity to initial conditions (Lyra and Tsallis [
In the exponential deviation case, we have,
It is a generalization of the classical exponential case; the limit case as
The entropic index,
so that
We take the
and consequently:
On the other hand, after (
This indicator is defined in the context of the relaxation of an observable variable,
which behaves as a function of time
In a time series context, the relaxation variable is the autocorrelation function of
To estimate
This is the
(the normalizing condition, so that we have a probability distribution) and:
(the mean value under the escort distribution
In the financial context (see Queirós
In this case, we attain the q-Gaussian distribution, with density function:
By reparametrization, it can be seen that the q-Gaussian distribution is, in fact, a t-student distribution where,
Parameters can be estimated by maximum likelihood or minimizing the mean square deviation between this distribution and the empirical distribution (see Cortines
Alternatively, the following procedure may be applied. The range of values for
Therefore, we have or
where ln
The q-Gaussian distribution may be seen as the one associated with a stationary state. The q-statcoefficient reflects the sensibility of the volatility to the occurrence of higher variations, such as crashes, resulting from self-organization in the market (see Pavlos
A wavelet transform is a possible representation for a time series, so that the information given by the data can be captured in a clarified way. In order to capture the features of the time series, a basic function, called the mother wavelet, is used. The mother wavelet is shifted and stretched, so that the different frequencies, at different times, can be revealed and the events that are local in time are captured. This enables the wavelet transform to study nonstationary time series.
Wavelets can be used to decompose a time series showing its different components. The analysis using wavelets converts the original signal into different domains with different levels of resolution, so that the time series can be analyzed and processed. In fact, while Fourier transforms decompose the signal as a linear combination of sine and cosine functions, the wavelet transform explains the signal as a sum of flexible functions that allow a localization in frequency and time. Depending on the purposes of the study, we have different wavelet transforms: continuous and discrete. In particular, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) allows one to decompose a time series, originating a set of coefficients that are obtained using the shifted and stretched versions of the mother wavelet. The DWT of a time series can be a way to represent a signal using a small number of terms. General references on wavelet transforms include, among others, [
The multiresolution pyramidal decomposition allows one to decompose a signal into detailed and approximated signals. The detailed signals express the high frequency components, while the approximated signals express the low frequency components. In order to check for the regularity, we should consider an orthogonal decimated discrete wavelet transform with fast decay derivatives and an appropriate number of vanishing moments.
In order to quantify the local regularity of a function,
Jaffard [
Consider Ψ0, a real valued function with compact support and:
Define the number
Let us consider translations and dilations of Ψ0 :
The set {Ψ
and the signal can be written as:
Assuming that Ψ0(
The wavelet leaders are:
Then, for each level,
To study the local regularity of a time series, Rosenblatt
Given a bounded function,
In this section, we report some numerical experiments, related to the market efficiency topics and local regularity presented in the paper, applied to the Portuguese PSI20 Index data.
This is a stock market index for the twenty most relevant assets, traded on the Euronext Lisbon, a small dimension market. These assets are selected and weighted according to their market capitalization and liquidity. The composition of the index is revised regularly. From the twenty stocks, a small number hold the majority of market capitalization. PSI20 has a non-negligible correlation with the main European stock markets.
The data was collected from the Yahoo Finance publicly available database. We store settlement prices from 2000 to 2013. Let
Fractal dimension results are presented in
We consider different approaches, such as Hall–Wood, Genton and box-counting estimators (see [
The reference value for the fractal dimension is 1.5, which stands for the absence of either local persistence or local anti-persistence. If the fractal dimension is greater (resp. smaller) than 1.5, it means that there is local anti-persistence (resp. persistence), and the series path is rougher (resp. less rough) than in the reference case.
For log-prices, the values we found are slightly less than 1.5, indicating that there is no significant local persistence. As for the estimated series of integrated variance, we obtain values close to unity, which means that there is strong local persistence.
The Hurst coefficient was computed with different approaches, such as Geweke Porter-Hudak, periodogram and R/Sestimators; see [
The reference value for the Hurst coefficient is 0.5, which stands for the absence of either positive long memory or negative long memory. If the Hurst coefficient is greater (resp. smaller) than 0.5, then there is positive (resp. negative) long memory in the series.
In our data, there is long memory in the squared return series (representing volatility), but not in the returns series (as observed in general, in the empirical literature; see [
For the q-triplet, the reference value is one (see, for instance, [
In our data, the q-triplet assumes the following results:
There is an inverse relation between the pointwise Hölder exponent and the pointwise wavelet leader entropy, as we pointed out before. We computed the wavelet coefficients considering an orthogonal decimated discrete wavelet transform; our mother wavelet is a Daubechies, with three vanishing moments. After computing the wavelet leader coefficients for the return series, we estimate the temporal evolution of the pointwise wavelet leader entropy (see
The entropy is considered to be the maximum when we have the most uncertain situation. Wavelet leader values near
In our estimations, we find that the PSI20 returns series is highly unpredictable, rougher than a normally distributed series and has no long memory (but has persistent volatility). These characteristics are typical findings in an efficient market. The analysis of local regularity, using wavelet leaders, allows one to identify the moments of a crash in the Portuguese market as those where a peak, in the degree of irregularity, is attained. Therefore, this technique may be seen as a means to identify those kinds of events.
The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.
Both authors contributed to the initial motivation of the problem, to research and estimation process, and to the writing. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
PSI20index returns.
Approximate entropy comparison.
The multifractal spectrum.
The wavelet leader entropy.
The fractal dimension.
|PSI20 log-prices
|Estimated Integrated variance of PSI20 log-prices
The Hurst coefficient.
|PSI20 returns
|Squared PSI20 returns
|0.5483 (conf


text:
Ancestral Remains to Return From Australia
4 October 2012
Ancestral Remains to Return From Australia
22 kōiwi tangata (ancestral remains) are to be returned to New Zealand from J.L. Shellshear Museum at The University of Sydney and the Western Australian Museum in Perth.
'The repatriation of these tupuna (ancestors) is a time for reflection and joy that they are returning to their home land of Aotearoa New Zealand,' says Michelle Hippolite, Kaihautu of Te Papa.
During this repatriation, 14 kōimi tangata Moriori (Moriori ancestral remains) and 6 kōiwi tangata Māori (Māori ancestral remains) are to be returned from J.L. Shellshear Museum Museum at The University of Sydney and two kōiwi tangata Māori from the Western Australian Museum in Perth.
'The Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation programme has been working on the safe return of Māori remains since June 2004. I would like to thank both institutions for their positive decisions and their support in returning these kōiwi tangata to Aotearoa New Zealand'.
The Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation programme aims to repatriate kōiwi and kōimi tangata (Māori and Moriori ancestral remains) from overseas institutions to relevant New Zealand iwi (tribal groups). Te Papa carries out this work on behalf of the New Zealand Government, which provides the funding.
information about the Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation
Karanga Aotearoa is the government mandated authority that negotiates the repatriation of Māori ancestral remains on behalf of Māori. The Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation Programme invites institutions to repatriate kōiwi tangata and Toi moko held in their institutions. Once an institution indicates they are willing to take the conversation further, the programme keeps in regular contact and then submits a repatriation case for the governing body to consider. In some situations a repatriation agreement with an institution can take less then 12 months, however, in most circumstances a longer period is required.
Toi moko and kōiwi tangata are returned from overseas institutions to Te Papa on an interim basis only. Neither Toi moko nor skeletal remains are accessioned as part of Te Papa's collections and Te Papa has a policy prohibiting their exhibition. Rather, kōiwi remain in Te Papa's dutiful custody pending return to their attributed place of origin. The single goal of repatriation is not to hold the remains at Te Papa indefinitely but to return them to their communities. Māori and Moriori believe that through this ultimate return to their domestic homelands the dead and their living descendants will retrieve their dignity.
International Repatriations
To date, Te Papa and its predecessor, the National Museum, has repatriated ancestral remains from twelve countries bringing home close to 322 kōiwi tangata (skeletal remains). We estimate that there are over 500 still awaiting their homecoming.
Domestic Repatriations
To date, Te Papa and the
Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation Programme have returned 89
ancestral remains to their papa kāinga.
Domestic repatriations have been carried out in the North Island to Ngāti Kurï, Ngāi Tai, Te Tairāwhiti, Muaūpoko, Ngāti Apa, Ngāti Maniapoto, Whanganui, Tauranga Moana iwi (i.e. Ngāi Te Rangi, Ngāti Ranginui and Ngāti Pukenga), Ngāti Whakaue and Ngäti Te Ata , Ngāti Tuwharetoa .
In the South Island they have been returned to Ngāi Tahu and Rangitāne o Wairau.


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Results 1 to 6 of 6
Thread: dark & bigger ariola
Threaded View
30th October 2012 01:24 PM #1
- Join Date
- Aug 2012
- Posts
- 36
dark & bigger ariola
hi I know this is a common question but I just want to be assured if my ariola will revert back to it's normal size and color after I give birth. It just got bigger, like double it's normal size, and darker. I can't stand it.
Last edited by iyah80; 30th October 2012 at 01:47 PM.


text:
Do I have your attention now? Good. That's not a headline that would make it past most copy edit desks. You'd never see it in a newspaper, or catch on major sporting websites. You know why?Read More »
Tag Archives: Wrestlemania 30
Best of Wrestling 2014: Daniel Bryan Wins at WrestleMania, Seth Rollins Emerges, The Streak is Over
Brian and Michael look back at the year in wrestling in the best of wrestling 2014 podcast. The guys run down who they thoughts was the best wrestler, heel and tag-team over the past year along with their best match and show. Plus, they talk about this biggest misfire along with the biggest news story as well as what they thought ...Read More »
Best Show of the Year (2014)
From top-to-bottom, any wrestling match is only as good as the card it's on, and when it comes to quality lineups, 2014 was full of them. Could Ring of Honor pull the upset with fantastic PPV outings? Did Impact Wrestling have an ace in the hole? Was NXT ready to strike it big? What was the best overall show of ...Read More »
Paul Heyman on New DVD, Having Trouble Looking at the Past and How He Has Changed
Over the years, Paul Heyman has been called an array of things spanning positive and negative Visonary. Scumbag. Genius. Liar. You get the picture. Now in the new documentary Ladies and Gentleman, My Name is Paul Heyman — which will be available on Blu-ray and DVD on Tuesday, August 5th — the advocate for Brock Lesnar opens up on his amazing ...Read More »
Hulk Hogan Talks Wrestlemania 30, Favorite Mania Match and Ultimate Warrior
Hulk Hogan made his long-awaited return to the WWE earlier this year and also served as host of WrestleMania 30. The show will make its network debut this Sunday night in a condensed, one-hour version airing on NBC titled WrestleMania 30: The World Television Premiere. Today, the Hulkster participated in a conference call to discuss WrestleMania 30, his opening segment with Steve ...Read More »
Bray Wyatt Talks WWE Battleground, His Success and Being Himself
WWE superstar Bray Wyatt talks about facing Chris Jericho this Sunday at the Battleground 2014 event which airs on the WWE Network, what the last year has been like since his WWE debut, being a third generation star and when he knew he wanted to be in the wrestling business, the Husky Harris character, how much of Bray Wyatt is ...Read More »
The Rock States That He Has Talked With Vince McMahon About Returning
The Rock hasn't wrestled a match in the WWE since he lost the WWE title to John Cena at Wrestlemania 29 last year. During the match, Rock tore tendons in his pelvis and had reportedly ruined the start of a program with Brock Lesnar. In an interview with Michelle Beadle on ESPN's Sportsnation, Rock confirmed those reports of long program ...Read More »
The Internet Wrestling Community is Wrong About Daniel Bryan, Kane, and Pretty Much Everything Else
It doesn't take much to upset the internet these days. Batista returning? Anger. Bray Wyatt Losing? Frustration. John Cena's whole existence? Disgust. Even when the IWC finally gets a win with the "indie darling" Daniel Bryan ascending to professional wrestling's apex (at the biggest show of the year no less), it still is not enough. People still make up ...Read More »
WWE Wrestlemania 30 Seen In Over One Million Homes
WWE Wrestlemania 30 took place nine days ago at the Mercedes Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. Highlights of the show included Daniel Bryan winning the WWE World Heavyweight Championship and Brock Lesnar ending The Undertaker's undefeated streak at the biggest wrestling event of the year. A big question heading into the show was how many people would watch on ...Read More »
Dave Meltzer Talks Ultimate Warrior, WrestleMania 30 and WWE Going Forward
Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer talks about the passing of the Ultimate Warrior and his legacy, WrestleMania 30 which saw the end of The Streak with Brock Lesnar defeating The Undertaker and when that decision was made, Daniel Bryan getting his big win, how to best use both Lesnar and Bryan going forward, young talent in the WWE, the ...Read More »
The Ultimate Warrior Looked "Very Sick And In Pain" During WWE Wrestlemania 30 Weekend
WWE Hall of Famer The Ultimate Warrior passed away last night at the age of 54 and is survived by his wife Dana and two daughters. More details have come surface regarding his death. TMZ is reporting that witnesses in New Orleans for WWE Wrestlemania 30 this past weekend, that Warrior was looked very sick and in pain. The report ...Read More »
WWE Raw Recap, WrestleMania 30 Thoughts from New Orleans
Brian and Steve discuss both WWE Raw from Monday night and WrestleMania XXX with Brian being in New Orleans to cover the entire week of festivities as the talk about Brock Lesnar beating The Undertaker to end The Streak, Daniel Bryan winning the WWE World Heavyweight Championship, the follow up on Raw including the new talent influx, Paul Heyman's glorious ...Read More »


text:
25th Floor
Miami, Florida 33130
United States
|Areas of Practice
|1) Corporate
|Middlebury College (A.B., Comparative Literature a
|Most recent firm
|Akerman Senterfitt
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Associate Attorney
Miami law firm seeks an associate with real estate and corporate transactional experience. Must have a minimum of three years' recent commercial real estate experience as well as a familiarity with ...
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Supervisor, P&c Claims Compliance
Supervisor, P&C Claims Compliance The candidate plans, organizes, leads, controls, and coordinates responses to DOI inquiries, data requests, adjuster licensing and the completion of regular fraud mo...
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Administrative Assistant, Business & Legal Affairs
Administrative Assistant, Business & Legal Affairs The candidate will be in the Business & Legal Affairs (BLA) group, handling daily administrative functions for the department including creating, pr...
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|+ View more jobs
A. Harrison Barnes is a well-known attorney throughout the United States. As a member of the Malibu community, Harrison is committed to serving the needs of Malibu residents and businesses in legal matters.
Alan Singer is a partner in Morgan Lewis's Securities Practice. Mr. Singer advises companies with regard to a diverse range of corporate and securities matters.


text:
Just curious. Can themes get approved (HTML themes), whereby a lot of the navigation links dont work and pages do not exist?
For example, adding a lot of navigation items but having the href for it just "#" for just the purpose of showing an example of adding a lot of links for show??
I have an example of one that was. But was wondering if thats OK??
Of course, why not.
OriginalEXE said
Of course, why not.
I thought the TF rules were more strict than that. Apparently not. Thats good to hear then.
jobspex saidSometimes you just need placeholder links, no need for them to point anywhere.
OriginalEXE saidI thought the TF rules were more strict than that. Apparently not. Thats good to hear then.
Of course, why not.
Exactly! These are just placeholders/demo content.
It is not about any rules and being strict… there is nothing wrong with the "#" links and they are NOT against any rules.
Man, this is a Stock Marketplace – if you like a particular template/theme you puchase it, install it and replace the demo content (the "#" link and so on) with yours
yep, understood. Cheers!


text:
Gayot's Top 10 Restaurants
The Heartline Café
1610 W. Hwy. 89A
Sedona, AZ 86336
Creative, eclectic cuisine offered amid a French-country ambience. The Heartline Café Restaurant is one of our 2011 | Top 10 Sedona/Flagstaff Food Rating Restaurants |
Restaurant: Dinner: Open Daily; Gourmet Express Dine-In or Take-out: Breakfast & Lunch daily
- Heart-healthy dishes
- Romantic setting
- Private room(s)
- Full bar
- Reservations suggested
- Outdoor dining
- Parking lot
- Casual
Considering its reputation as one of Sedona's oldest and most revered eateries, The Heartline Café's French-country ambience creates a relaxed atmosphere, much like you're walking into an old friend's kitchen before a holiday meal. Fresh flowers adorn tables set with crisp linens and gleaming silver and fine china, and gracious service complements owner Chuck Cline's eclectic cuisine. The blend of American, Southwestern, Asian and Mediterranean influences shows up in creative seasonal dishes like the pecan-crusted local trout with Dijon cream sauce, or a spiced pork tenderloin with potato cake and roasted apples. The seafood is consistently fresh and soups are created with love and know-how. Opt for the outdoor garden-like setting on warm summer evenings, or if you're craving more of chef Cline's creations for breakfast and lunch, stop by The Heartline Café's Gourmet Express dine-in and takeout location next door.


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John Abraham and Bipahsa Basu have parted ways after spending long years together, this we all know. But the latest about this estranged couple is that they would face up each other in Abbas-Mustan's Race 2 since the two are the cast members of the sequel. But John has confirmed that he would not be sharing any screen space with the dusky beauty Bips in the movie.
Since the day the muscular man has been added in the film, all and sundry have been asking him if he is going to work opposite his ex-flame or sharing the screen space with her. But Abraham simply denies the reports.
Akshay Khanna and Katrina Kaif are not in the star cast of the sequel. This is because their characters had died in the first part. Other star cast from the original movie is same – from Saif Ali Khan to Bipasha and Anil Kapoor all have been roped in to act in the sequel. John Abraham has been taken to doll up the leading role in the film and instead of romancing with his former girlfriend, he would be enjoying another leggie beauty Deepika Padukone in the film.
Both John and Bipsha have been avoiding each other in parties and at events ever since they parted their ways earlier this year. Everyone is considering now how they would be facing each other at the shootings of the movie.
Bipasha has been signed in to play the lead opposite Saif Ali Khan in the movie. Ranbir Kapoor and Deepika Padukone have forgotton their past and now they would be working together in Ayan Mukherji's flick, 'Yeh Jawani Hain Deewani'. But this estranged couple does not seem to be getting over their past.
If they are to stay in the industry, they have to get over their past….as it's gone and they live in present.


text:
Science Olympiad
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Science Olympiad is a nation-wide event in the United States that tests students' knowledge in science and technology. It started in 1982, and takes place every year.
Science Olympiad consists of twenty three events testing students in middle and high school on different science topics, such as [astronomy] and [chemistry].


text:
Downpours during the kiremt season keeps the city drenched, yet
residents in certain parts of the city complain that
they have poor or no water access. Clever
individuals, however, are figuring out how to turn a
profit by meeting the demand of eager neighbourhoods,
writes HADRA AHMED, FORTUNE STAFF WRITER.
Drenched in Rain, Yet Water Taps Run Dry:Opportunity
for Business?
Girls carry 25 litre jerry cans full
of water to their respective homes.
As Addis Abeba experiences heavy downpours during the month of August,
paradoxically parts of the capital have suffered
intermittent water shortages. With the unpredictable
rains of the kiremt season, which lasts from June to
September, some are capitalising on the water
shortage that households are facing.
Neighbourhoods situated on the peripheries of the city, such as Bethel
located in Kolfe Keranio District, often struggle
because of scarce water supply, and residents now
resort to other sources of water for their
households and businesses.
Five years ago, Getu Alemu, 25, came from the Gurage Zone, 155Km south
of the capital, in search of a job to support his
two sisters and two brothers during their academic
years, as well as to support his parents. Today,
Getu testifies about the remarkable business he has
been engaged in for the past three years.
He strides with his three donkeys, each carrying two 25-litre jerry
cans, and walks two kilometres singing his favourite
tune to fetch water from the spring. His plan is to
distribute it to his customers who are eagerly
waiting for him because they badly need water to
keep their businesses a float. When he does not go
to the spring for water collection, he buys the
water from those who sell him water for two or three
Birr for one 25 litre jerry can, which he then sells
to his regulars for twice as much.
Getu's income affords him the relative luxury of renting a 300 Br room
with three other friends and he is grateful for his
job as the unofficial water distributor of Bethel.
In the chaotic weeks of water shortages, which occur more than three
times a month, Getu sells 25 litres of water at a
price of ten Birr. His clients are mostly
restaurants, cafes and sometimes households.
He used to sell 25 litres of water for three Birr when he started the
business three years ago, but looking at the high
demand for water by the local residents, and the
increasing standard of living, he has decided to
raise his price accordingly.
On a good day he earns as much as 300 Br. Getu's services require him
to make about five round trips a day, and since each
donkey carries two jerry cans, this amounts to six
jerry cans for every round. He always uses all three
donkeys to maximise his load and profits for each
tiresome trip.
Although he is the only water man left in the area today, Getu was once
engaged in the water delivery business alongside two
other individuals, who were also making good
profits. He believes that his former competitors
have moved to other areas, and are now leading good
lives. Getu is not sure, however, why his
competition have left the area.
"We have good sales, but we are mostly scared of continuing our
business because there are some people who are
resentful of our gains, even though they also
benefit from the water we provide; but they don't
see it that way," he asserted.
Getu and others like him, despite their detractors provide valuable
services to households and businesses that have few
options in times of water cuts.
The total water supply of Addis Abeba amounts to 301,000 cubic metres a
day, out of which 165,000 cubic metres is from
Legedadi Water Treatment Dam, 25Km east of Addis
Abeba in the Oromia Regional State. About 30,000
cubic metres is from Gefersa Dam, located 28Km west
of the capital in Oromia, and the rest is from 54
water wells mostly located around Akaki Kality
District, which supply 115,000 cubic metres a day.
About 20pc of the water being distributed by the authority is wasted,
while 15pc of the supply is utilised and is a source
of revenue. The Addis Abeba Water and Sewerage
Authority (AAWSA) has developed a plan to decrease
the 35pc non-revenue water to 13pc by 2013,
according to the authority's plan.
Almaz Solomon, 40, lives around Alem Bank located at Kolfe Keranio and
shares Getu's dilemma. Almaz, a mother of three
elementary school children, and her husband is
employed at a private company employee. She is
apprehensive of the rumours that are spreading
around about government plans to start forcing small
businesses to pay tax.
Almaz sells water in containers ranging from 10 litres and 20 litres to
25 litres and 30 litres, charging one Birr, two
Birr, three Birr and four Birr, respectively. In one
day, Almaz claims to have earned 28 Br, selling
water from two 30-litre containers, five 25-litre
containers, two 20-litre containers and one 10-litre
container. Her business is dependent on the high
demand of water from her customers because she sells
at a higher price than others because she has to
feed her family.
"I don't have any other job, and yet I know I have to support my
husband in any way I can, and when a great
opportunity like this shows up, I take advantage of
it," Almaz explained how the water cuts have been a
stroke of luck for her and her family.
Unfortunately for Almaz, AAWSA has a plan to increase water coverage
from 73pc to 94pc using the 54 water wells which
have a capacity to produce 73,000 cubic metres of
water. The authority has invested half a billion
Birr, and this project will be completed on October
The authority envisions increasing the 94pc coverage to 100pc within
two years by developing 44 wells, 20 wells will be
dug by the city, and 24 will be financed by the
Chinese Exim Bank with 92 million dollars. In order
to meet the full demand of the city's water needs,
an estimated 420,000 cubic metres to 450,000 cubic
metres water is needed.
The authority served 350,000 customers by the end of the last fiscal
year, with 5,000Km in total pipelines length.
About 40pc of the population had access to safe water, according to the
federal government of Ethiopia in 2005.
However, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and local
non-governmental organisations, the figure was
closer to 22pc.
WHO estimated that only 13pc of the population had access to
sanitation. Ethiopia's Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) for improved water and sanitation access are
70pc and 56pc, respectively, according to a research
conducted by USAID.
The projected water resources consumption per person in 2015 is 1,006
cubic metres. This water resource per capita is a
straight-line regression calculation based on
population growth rates with no adjustment for
consumption or technology changes, the report
further states.
Despite the measures towards attaining universal coverage to 100pc,
water cuts and lack of adequate provision have left
many to their own devices. This is evident when one
looks at the long lines of people of different ages
waiting to purchase water from the one place,
offering cheaper rates, on a rainy Tuesday morning
on August 9, 2011, in Bethel.
The people carrying their assortment of jerry cans of different sizes,
looking tired and cold yet still optimistic that
they may have the opportunity to one day have as
much water as they need with little hassle. For
Hayat Mohammed, however, this is currently a
thriving business.
Hayat, 26, who came from Dessie, 401Km north of Addis Abeba, six years
ago after her parents died, now lives with her uncle
and relies on the sale of water whenever she gets
the chance.
Hayat secured 200 Br at the beginning of August. She sells water from
10 litre, 20 litre, 25 litre and 30 litre containers
for 50 cents, 75 cents, one Birr and two Birr,
respectively. But since her water metre is
registered for commercial use, she claims that she
pays about 500 Br each month whether she sells water
or not.
Unlike other residents, Hayat gets water every single day with no cuts
while her next door neighbours or the ones facing
her house, only get water access once or twice a
week. For her, it is a way of getting an income and
supplementing her business. Water vendors like Hayat,
feel that they are providing a valuable service to
the community.
"There are times that I want to stop selling water because it is not as
profitable. I prefer moving on with my other
businesses. I continue doing this because I feel it
is good to help those who do not have water," Hayat
There are about 5,246 households living in Bethel area with 1,253
living in the three condominium sites.
The households living on the third and fourth floors do not have
regular access to water, and sometimes they have to
wait for as long as two weeks for water to return.
The households mostly complain about the issue
because they find it hard to cope with their daily
"We understand the problem but since Bethel is under expansion it is
expected that residents will encounter these kinds
of problems," Wondwossen Lehulum, deputy manager of
Bethel district, and design and construction works
head, told Fortune.
"There are ongoing projects and construction works that might cause the
shortage since accidents sometimes occur and pipes
are broken or damaged. These things happen," said
There are various reasons that explain why the shortage occurs,
problems which the government as well as the
population should work on, according to experts in
the area.
Omer Ahmed, an inventor of waste water recycling system and a civil
engineer who works as a researcher believes more
serious studies need to be conducted.
Another factor for the problem is the rapid rate of urbanisation,
experts indicate.
"For instance, residential water supply used for lavatories averages a
loss of seven litres per flush, which is a big loss
for a developing country like Ethiopia," experts
point out.
According to Addis Abeba Water and Sewage Authority, consumption per
person is 110 litres per day and if one person
properly uses only 40pc of their water consumption
they stand to save 44 litres a day, Omer said.
Sharing Omer's sentiment a researcher and an expert in the area of
water from WaterAid offered more factors for the
shortages in association with sanitation.
"One of the main reasons for the shortage, according to research, is
that we waste a significant amount of our water
supply," a water engineer who asked to remain
anonymous, told Fortune.
''There should be a modernised way of distributing water," he said.
The problems in relation to water distribution range from global
problems such as climate change to institutional
challenges. The knowledge gap of water experts, and
problems of congested housing make it difficult to
locate and mend broken water pipes.
As Addis Abeba works towards attaining city-wide access to water, the
rapidly expanding city coupled with the construction
boom would no doubt continue to add pressure on the
provision of water, opening opportunities for
entrepreneurs like Getu, Almaz and Hayat to continue
to fill the gap in water distribution, while turning
a significant profit.
Home Page / Fortune News /
News In Brief /
Agenda / Editor's Note /
Opinion / Commentary /
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© 2007 AddisFortune.com


text:
Like OMG, you should totally go to the mall and get something pierced. There's that dick piercing parlor named The Shiny Cock right next to Pies Pies Pies (which sells pies). Then there's a nip piercing parlor called Big Sam's Nipple Goodies Emporium. Big Sam, what a great gal! And there's a kinda sleazy place that will pierce absolutely anything. Every fifth piercing, the piercer guy ejaculates on you. That place is called Macy's.
If it can be pierced, someone's done it. Lots of metal in the pics above, but of course there are so many options for shapes and materials, depending on what you're getting pierced. Glass plugs for earrings. Wood, amber, different colored metals, silicone, discarded giraffe tonsils, whatever.
So here's the thing. Piercings are jewelry, but they can be functional jewelry. Gagging, tugging, calling attention to where and what you want, asserting preferences. Piercing is communication.
Are you pierced anywhere? Do you dig it on a guy? I actually think less guys are getting pierced ears even. In my non-scientific study, it seems it's been a majorly long time since a single earring (or pair) were a way to flag sexual identity. Less guys with pink/blue/green/orange hair too. Or I'm not going where they are.
Damien Wolfe has a sweet eyebrow piercing. Those are an emo twink porn thing now. He paid for it himself out of his velcro wallet.
My favorite? A businessman in a perfectly fitting suit, tight dress shirt, and punky earrings like black plugs or stainless steel eyelets. Makes you wonder about his proclivities. Besides his obvious proclivity toward capitalism.


text: Home > How To > Framing > Adding Strength With Moment Frames Framing Adding Strength With Moment Frames By Ted Cushman Login or Register to download the PDF version of this article. (409.17 kB) Ray Castillo/Gordon-Fiano Unlike a shear-wall assembly, where the anchor points between the wall base and the foundation are assumed to pick up an overturning load on the shear wall, moment frames do their work in the upper corners of the frame. There they resist the "moment"—the force of bending or rotation—with a rigid connection at the joint between the column and beam, rather than relying on the joint between the base of the column and the foundation it rests on.In terms of overturning, a moment frame is analyzed like a single large shape. Its two narrow columns aren't considered to be overturning independently; instead, the entire frame around a garage door or large window may be trying to overturn as a 9- by 20-foot unit. If the weight of an upper story is resting on the header beam, the uplift on... Login or Register to continue reading


text:
Two Americans who had been working to treat Ebola patients in Africa have been stricken by the disease. Officials say they will be taken to Atlanta's Emory University Hospital in a tightly sealed isolation unit. The first is expected to arrive Saturday, and the other a few days later, according to hospital officials.
Here are five things to know about Ebola and how it is spread:
1. THE WEST AFRICA EBOLA OUTBREAK IS NOW THE LARGEST IN HISTORY. The current outbreak in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone has sickened more than 1,300 people and killed more than 700 this year.


text: Louis G. Friedman is the co-producer of X-Men Origins: Wolverine. Retrieved from "http://marvel-movies.wikia.com/wiki/Louis_G._Friedman?oldid=153285" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: X-Men crew Producers Wolverine crew


text:
On Wednesday's episode of The Starters, the guys discuss Kyle Korver replacing Dwyane Wade on the Eastern Conference All-Star team, and DeMarcus Cousin's latest comments on the Kings coaching situation. That, plus LeBron's MVP chances, Ray Allen, sleepovers, NBA Valentine's Day cards, and the Meme Team. See you in NYC! more info: http://goo.gl/xQhEfd
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