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In this review, we describe the history of amniote sex determination as a classic example of Darwinian evolution. We suggest that evolutionary changes in sex determination provide a foundation for understanding important aspects of chromosome and genome organization that otherwise appear haphazard in their origins and contents. Species with genotypic sex determination often possess heteromorphic sex chromosomes, whereas species with environmental sex determination lack them. Through a series of mutations followed by selection at key genes, sex-determining mechanisms have turned over many times throughout the amniote lineage. As a consequence, amniote genomes have undergone gains or losses of sex chromosomes. We review the genomic and ecological contexts in which either temperature-dependent or genotypic sex determination has evolved. Once genotypic sex determination emerges in a lineage, viviparity and heteromorphic sex chromosomes become more likely to evolve. For example, in extinct marine reptiles, genotypic sex determination apparently led to viviparity, which in turn facilitated their pelagic radiation. Sex chromosomes comprise genome regions that differ from autosomes in recombination rate, mutation rate, levels of polymorphism, and the presence of sex-determining and sexually antagonistic genes. In short, many aspects of amniote genome complexity, life history, and adaptive radiation appear contingent on evolutionary changes in sex-determining mechanisms.
Sex-determining mechanisms appear to have changed several times over at least the last 300 million years of amniote history [Reisz, 1997; van Tuinen and Hadly, 2004]. In this review, we describe the relevance of these changes to genome structure and dynamics. For example, genotypically sex-determined species typically have sex chromosomes and temperature-dependent sex-determined species lack them. Here, we describe contexts that divide species with different sex-determining mechanisms and the genomic consequences of that division. At present, 3 reviews have characterized changes in the amniote lineage from genotypic sex determination (GSD) to temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and from TSD to GSD [Janzen and Krenz, 2004; Organ and Janes, 2008; Pokorna and Kratochvil, 2009]. Phylogenetic study of sex-determining mechanisms is challenged by questions regarding commonalities and hence homoplasies among those mechanisms. Since the molecular targets affected by temperature in TSD organisms have not yet been identified, researchers have been hesitant to conclude that all incidences of TSD indicate the same molecular action. Similar concerns are attached to the study of GSD. The molecular interactions involved with GSD are also poorly described in different amniote groups.
Species may have common organizations of sex chromosomes (i.e., Z and W sex chromosomes (female heterogamety) as seen in birds or X and Y sex chromosomes (male heterogamety) as seen in most mammals). Yet, these chromosomes may have little or nothing in common. For example, Z and W sex chromosomes are found in both snakes and birds, but the 2 pairs of sex chromosomes share no sequence similarity or recent evolutionary history [Matsubara et al., 2006]. Recent phylogenetic studies explain this lack of homology as a consequence of independent origins of female heterogamety in snakes and birds [Organ and Janes, 2008]; but how many independent origins of sex chromosomes and sex-determining mechanisms have occurred? A large research community is addressing this question with a multi-pronged approach that includes phylogenetic reconstruction, comparative mapping and population genetics, and analyses of expression of sex-determining and sex-differentiating genes. Synthesis of these approaches will enable researchers to answer important questions about a system that appears, in part, to have been conserved over long spans of time and also to have evolved repeatedly and reversibly between 2 basic modes (GSD including female and male heterogamety and TSD) multiple times (fig. (fig.11).
Inferences of ancestral sex-determining mechanisms (SDM) in reptiles have not resulted in clear answers regarding ancestral conditions and direction of evolutionary shift between SDMs because of uncertain estimations of the true reptile tree, the lability of SDM, and the selection of outgroups in the analysis (fig. (fig.1).1). For example, the Sphenodontia (the group to which extant and extinct tuataras belong) diverged from the lineage of snakes and lizards early, about 230 mya, but now the clade is almost entirely extinct [Miller et al., 2006]. The number of extant species is low and the phylogenetic branch leading to them is long, especially for characterization of a trait that readily changes. Therefore, extant tuataras have an unreasonably and probably inappropriately large influence on phylogenetic reconstructions of SDM in amniotes. Additionally, the phylogenetic placement of turtles has been contentious [Near et al., 2005; Shedlock et al., 2007], although for the case illustrated in figure figure1,1, the reconstructions of SDM do not change appreciably if the clade Reptilia is more heavily sampled taxonomically or if turtles are moved from Archosauromorpha to the base of the tree.
Sex-determining mechanisms appear to change in response to environmental changes and/or intragenomic degeneration. For example, extant pelagic amniotes such as sea snakes and cetaceans universally exhibit viviparity as well as GSD, and fossil evidence demonstrates viviparity in several extinct marine reptiles [Caldwell and Lee, 2001]. For these reasons, extinct marine reptiles like ichthyosaurs, mosasaurs, and sauropterygians most likely also exhibited GSD [Organ et al., 2009]. Temperature-dependent sex determination would likely have precluded the ability of these species to be viviparous as maternal body temperatures, especially in deep ocean environments, would be too constant to incubate both male and female offspring in response to temperature. Extant marine reptiles such as sea turtles are not obligatorily pelagic. Their body plan allows them to exit the water and deposit gas-exchanging eggs on nesting beaches. However, the body plan of mosasaurs and other extinct pelagic reptiles did not permit transport of eggs to nesting beaches and amniotic eggs would not effectively exchange gases underwater. Therefore, we have hypothesized that GSD enabled viviparity and viviparity, in turn, facilitated adaptive radiation of pelagic amniotes [Organ et al., 2009].
In addition to changes in habitat such as the transition from land to water, there are also environmental shifts in which local population sex ratios and resource availability could cause changes in intersexual differences in fitness. According to the Charnov-Bull hypothesis, TSD could allow parents finer control over offspring sex ratios in environments where intersexual differences in fitness make TSD adaptive [Charnov and Bull, 1977]. Empirical support for this model was provided by Warner and Shine [2008] in the form of enhanced fitness of males incubated at the natural temperature most likely to yield male offspring over fitness of males produced at other temperatures in jacky dragons, Amphibolurus muricatus, a TSD lizard. The same pattern was reported for females incubated at the optimal female-producing temperature and females incubated at other temperatures. These studies suggest that SDMs change in response to environmental variation.
Intragenomic changes that may influence SDM involve the origin and degeneration of sex chromosomes. Sexually antagonistic genes are genes that are beneficial to one sex but detrimental to the other sex [Arnqvist and Rowe, 2005]. The adaptive significance of sex chromosomes appears to be that they allow the sequestration of sexually antagonistic loci so that they are passed from parents either only to sons or daughters, depending on which sex carries the sex-specific chromosome [Charlesworth et al., 2005]. Once sequestered on a nascent sex chromosome, sexually antagonistic genes can arise through the inhibition of recombination. Hemizygous regions – regions present in only one copy in the heterogametic sex – by necessity lack recombination. Such regions can arise by exaptation of a previously existing gene to a novel and sexually antagonistic function or by translocation of a sexually antagonistic locus to a nascent sex chromosome [Graves, 2001]. The cessation of recombination that comes with hemizygosity leads to the accumulation of deleterious mutations in the absence of gene conversion or copy correction [Rice, 1987; Skaletsky et al., 2003; Graves, 2006] ultimately resulting in a deleterious mutation load that leads to the dissolution of a sex chromosome. This conclusion has been invoked to explain the absence of a Y chromosome in the mole vole, Ellobius lutescens, and other mammals [Just et al., 1995]. It is possible that the demise of a sex chromosome due to purged excess of deleterious mutations leads to the loss of GSD and an opportunity for SDM shift [Graves, 2006; Mank and Avise, 2009].
Species in which offspring sex is primarily determined by incubatory environment may find themselves more vulnerable to environmental changes than their GSD counterparts. If clutch sex ratios are determined by nest temperatures and nest temperatures are in turn determined by climate, then sex ratios could change as a result of rapid climate change. For example, nest temperatures are significantly changed by invasive plants that overshadow nesting areas of Nile crocodiles, Crocodylus niloticus, a TSD reptile [Leslie and Spotila, 2001]. Also, many TSD species, such as tuatara, Sphenodon guntheri, nest in regions where global warming is expected to affect nesting temperature within the next century [Mitchell et al., 2008]. For TSD species at risk of negative effects of climate change, options are available. These species must choose among several challenging options: they could migrate to an area that is more amenable to their SDM; they could alter their nesting phenology or SDM sensitivity to temperature; or they could undergo a genomic shift to GSD [Huey and Janzen, 2008; Schwanz and Janzen, 2008].
Once a lineage shifts to GSD and subsequently possesses sex chromosomes, sequence linked to the sex chromosomes exhibit population genetic dynamics that differ from those exhibited by sequence on autosomes [Ellegren, 2009]. Sex chromosomes consist of pseudoautosomal regions (PAR) that continue to recombine between pairs of homologous sex chromosomes and hemizygous sex-specific regions that carry sexually antagonistic loci and no longer recombine. Within a genome, sex-specific regions occur in different effective population sizes than autosomes. For example, in birds such as chicken, Gallus gallus, females carry a Z and a W sex chromosome that contain one or more PARs as well as Z- and W-specific sequence, whereas males carry 2 Z sex chromosomes. In an avian population with a balanced sex ratio, effective populations of chromosome types occur in a ratio of 4 autosomes, 3 Z sex chromosomes, and one W sex chromosome. In birds, for example, these ratios are known to affect a number of population genetic parameters affecting sex chromosomes, such as the level of standing genetic diversity. Sex-specific regions of sex chromosomes typically exhibit lower diversity than autosomes as reported in chicken [Berlin and Ellegren, 2004; Sundstrom et al., 2004], and pseudoautosomal regions have been shown to recombine more frequently than autosomes as reported in emus, Dromaius novaehollandiae, as well as humans, Homo sapiens [Lien et al., 2000; Janes et al., 2009]. In addition, sex linkage presents opportunities for sexual antagonism. For example, in chicken, genes that are detrimental to females but neutral to males are significantly overrepresented on the Z chromosome [Mank and Ellegren, 2009]. Mank et al. [2007] described a fast-Z effect in chicken in which Z-linked protein-coding genes evolve faster than autosomal genes. In the collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis, a number of plumage-defining genes have been mapped to avian Z chromosomes [Saetre et al., 2003]. Z-linkage of these genes and the evidence for faster rates of evolution on avian Z chromosomes suggest that runaway selection of male ornamentation is a direct result of linkage to a sex chromosome [Saetre et al., 2003, but see Mank et al., 2006]. In addition, 6 genes associated with sex-differential song memory acquisition in zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, have been mapped to the Z chromosome [Tomaszycki et al., 2009]. Opportunities for sexual antagonism and faster rates of evolution appear to be afforded by sex linkage. The connection between sex linkage and sexually selected plumage and song seen in birds is further supported by the observation that sexual dimorphism is weak to nonexistent in TSD species such as alligators and sea turtles which lack sex chromosomes. In summary, sex chromosomes enabled by GSD appear to have resulted in rapid evolution of sex differences and sexually selected traits.
In this review, we define genome complexity in terms of the number of characterized genome compartments, including autosomes, pseudoautosomal regions, and hemizygous regions. The causes and consequences of increased genome complexity in GSD, not TSD, species are described in figure figure2.2. Some GSD species appear not to have detectable sex chromosomes, but this may be a consequence of inadequate cytological techniques. For example, Ezaz et al. [2005] and Martinez et al. [2008] recently reported previously unidentified sex chromosomes in bearded dragons, Pogona vitticeps, and Macquarie turtles, Emydura macquarii, respectively. As protocols improve, sex chromosomes are likely to be discovered in more GSD species that are currently described as lacking them. Species that lack sex chromosomes, regardless of SDM, likely have fewer opportunities for sexual antagonisms [Mank and Ellegren, 2009]. TSD species in particular exhibit no sex-specific regions but instead exhibit varying patterns of sex-determining response to incubation temperature. For example, in leopard geckos, Eublepharis macularius, a TSD lizard, the SDM of different matrilineal lines responded differently to incubation temperatures that reproducibly yield consistent offspring sex ratios. This experiment separated clutches of eggs into different experimental treatment groups, thereby controlling for maternal effects. Variable responses to incubation temperature of the SDMs of different matrilineal lines in this TSD lizard suggest a gene by environment interaction that is indicative of polygenic inheritance [Janes and Wayne, 2006]. In light of the finding that TSD in leopard geckos is polygenic, we suggest that TSD does not depend on the function of one sex-linked factor such as DMRT1 in birds or SRY in mammals [Sinclair et al., 1990; Smith et al., 2009] but rather on a rapidly evolving network of environmentally sensitive genes. In light of interspecific differences in sex-determining response to incubation temperature among TSD reptiles, we conclude that similar experimentation with other TSD reptiles should be conducted and is expected to support our characterization of the genetic underpinnings of TSD.
The presence or absence of sex chromosomes likely explains a great deal of the evolutionary innovations seen in animals that possess them and not seen in animals that lack them. Furthermore, within GSD species, evolution from presumably homomorphic (cryptic) sex chromosomes to partially and fully differentiated sex chromosomes adds another important level of complexity in genome evolution, but one that as yet cannot be adequately understood in amniotes given the lack of data on sex chromosomes in reptiles. There is evidence that suggests that tempo and mode of evolution change at different organizational scales of the genome. For instance, variation in the reptilian karyotype is consistent with a model of early rapid evolution and anagenesis, while variation in global genome size is best described by continuous gradual evolution [Organ et al., 2008]. These different evolutionary modes for different compartments and levels of the genome suggest that the dynamics at one level may be largely independent of dynamics at another.
Theoretical linkages between shifts in SDM and traits such as sexually dimorphic gene expression, male and female ornamentation, and speciation should be investigated in greater detail [Kirkpatrick and Hall, 2004]. In addition, further work is required on the mechanisms underlying and interconnections between GSD and TSD. For example, the discovery of the sex-reversing effect of incubation temperature in a lizard that exhibits sex chromosomes makes the distinction of GSD and TSD less clear [Quinn et al., 2007]. For this reason, further empirical support is required for characterization of TSD and GSD as either distinct mechanisms under different genetic controls or as a series of conserved sex-determining genes with different sensitivities to temperature and other environmental variables [Sarre et al., 2004]. One way to attack this question is through gene expression studies, and all would agree that current descriptions of cascades of sex-differentiating genes are incomplete [Janes et al., 2008a; Valenzuela, 2008]. For example, differences in expression profiles of sex-determining and sex-differentiating genes between TSD and GSD species should be studied via high-throughput sequencing of transcripts retrieved from embryonic and gonadal tissues of TSD and GSD species. High-throughput sequencing should identify novel sexually dimorphic expression patterns and missing elements in the chain of up-regulated and down-regulated elements that feed back upon each other [Janes et al., 2008b]. Knock-down and knock-out research models in TSD species would be extremely valuable but are likely to be technically challenging [Thomas and Capecchi, 1987]. A more feasible approach would be to recognize relevant sex-determining and sex-differentiating genes in a TSD species and prepare a knock-down chicken or some other closely related species that is more pliable at the bench [Sinclair, A.H., personal communication].
A clear and exhaustive description of sex determination will be possible only after more thorough investigation of the molecular basis of sex determination and differentiation. How similar are the SDMs of distantly related TSD species? What genomic or expression patterns can be discerned between pairs of sex chromosomes even if no sequence is shared? Does male or female heterogamety evolve multiple times in response to the same ecological pressure(s) or is each case of GSD unique in its derivation? In this review, we have characterized relationships between the environment and large-scale genome evolution. The environment influences sex-determining mechanisms that, in turn, influence genome complexity. In this way, sex determination offers one of the best examples of contingent and hierarchical evolution. In the wake of new genome resources [Janes et al., 2008b], answers to these questions and a more detailed history of this Darwinian model are within reach.
We thank Ettore Olmo for the opportunity to contribute to this issue. Our conversations with Dr. Olmo regarding this effort began with a symposium at the 2008 meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology funded by 2 divisions within SICB: Developmental and Cell Biology and Evolutionary Developmental Biology. The National Science Foundation (IOB 0809547) also supported the symposium. Postdoctoral support for D.E.J. was provided by NSF grant MCB-0817687 to N. Valenzuela and S.V.E. and NIH #5F32GM072494. C.L.O. was supported by NIH postdoctoral fellowship #5F32GM075490. This manuscript benefited from comments from Christopher Balakrishnan, Ryan Kearney, Stephen Sarre, and Andrew Sinclair.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


text: Posted June 2, 2009 I've opened up this topic for potential discussion about this, the most prestigious of this year's IBC competitions. Jury includes Vladimir Vasiliev, Nikolai Tsiskaridze, and the perennial Chairman, Yuri Grigorovich. http://www.russianballet.ru/competition/index.htm Five Mariinsky Ballet dancers are among the competitors in the senior division: Vladimir Schklyarov (certainly a huge favorite for gold), Ekaterina Ivannikova, Anastasia Nikitina, Alexei Timofeev and Maxim Zuizin Also competing will be former Mariinsky dancer Artyom Yachmenikov, currently with the Dutch National Ballet, I believe. Many, many Bolshoi dancers and Bolshoi Academy recent grads will compete in both the senior and junior divisions. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites

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****Camp Season
With the annual Dabo Swinney Camp coming up soon here at outset of June, I thought I would take a moment to discuss how these camps can affect a prospect's recruitment and the exposure that can be garnered in this environment.
At Dabo's camp held on campus at Clemson, it's a chance for high school kids both on the Clemson radar and off to showcase their skill sets directly in front of the Clemson staff as they administer the camp skill drills. This time in the trenches and under the watchful eyes of a college coaching staff is something you cannot duplicate in any other camp.
Clemson uses this chance to get under-the-radar up-and-comers on the campus and see if they are offer worthy. Clemson has used this strategy many times in the past to get the early jump on a player's pending preference order by being the first to offer. Usually, it's after a camp stop that alerted the staff to the player's skill set, abilities and, most of all, potential.
There are numerous skills camps of the national variety in Nike's The Opening and Under Armour's regional camps, like the one we at CUTigers.com visited last week in Charlotte, where players can gain status nationally in a hurry with a great showing in their individual scores for skills or in the one-on-ones that can get as competitive as you will see. Clemson commit Derion Kendrick made a statement of his own with his performance in Charlotte, as he was without a doubt the top WR prospect, if not the top player overall in attendance that day.
Clemson WR Commit Derion Kendrick
There are also the regional camps run by local and state-level talent development coaches like the upcoming SC Elite EPT Skills camp in Columbia on Sunday. CUTigers.com will be on hand there as well, with several Clemson commits and targets expected to attend. So stay tuned, as we cover these camps over the last few weeks of May and into June!
****Big-Time LB Names Top 10
Grayson, GA 2019 LB prospect Owen Pappoe, potentially the #1 LB in the nation for that cycle, has announced his top ten list and, as expected, Clemson has made the cut. However, I don't expect the Tigers to last this one out. Sources put him into a uniform in the state of Florida, most likely FSU from what we have gathered. But anything can happen in the next two years. National Signing Day 2019 is a long way off, so stay tuned here to CUTigers.com as we continue to monitor Pappoe's recruitment and apprise you of the latest developments!
****Legacy RB Names Clemson in Top 5
As expected, Clemson has made the final five for 3-star 2018 RB Devon Lawrence, brother of star Clemson DT Dexter Lawrence. http://www.scout.com/college/football/recruiting/story/1778843-south-s-n...
Click on the link for Devon's highlights and more from Scout Regional Recruiting Analyst Michael Clark!
****New WR Offer Talks Clemson
Clemson is once again in the Lone Star State extending offers--this time on the offensive side of the ball, as the Tigers offer WR Taye Barber, a player with a host of offers from all over and one to watch moving forward. We reached out to Taye to get his thoughts on the offer and whether he plans to visit Clemson in the near future.
CU: What can you say about the recent Clemson offer?
TB: "It's a huge and exciting offer. I was so speechless!"
CU: What coaches are you communicating with at Clemson?
TB: "I talk to Coach Conn & Coach V from Clemson."
CU: When do you plan on visiting Clemson?
TB: "I plan on making a visit with my mom sometime this summer."
CU: What is it about Clemson that intrigues you the most ?
TB: "What intrigues me the most about Clemson is they're big on a family culture and their drive to win football games and championships. And building their football players up as men!"
****RB Target Set to Announce, Awaiting Clemson Offer
Clemson has yet to offer, but Master Teague has stated that if the Tigers were to offer, it would factor greatly in the Volunteer State product's decision. At present, he is trending heavy to the SEC Tigers that reside on the plains of Alabama. Stay tuned, though, as that offer from Clemson could drop at any time and things could get interesting in a hurry. As of today, we have him pegged to the SEC, as South Carolina also has some leverage after Auburn. There lots of depth issues on the Gamecocks' roster at the RB position to sell, and that has kept them in the mix.
****Clemson Offers Jumbo FL Athlete with Clemson Ties
Clemson reached into the Sunshine State and offered Taylor Upshaw, brother of current Clemson walk-on Regan Upshaw. They are both sons of former NFL defensive end Regan Upshaw, the #12 overall pick in the 1996 Draft out of Cal who spent a career in the NFL with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Stay tuned, as Upshaw is a jumbo athlete that could transition to another position if he were to accept the Clemson offer. He also cites offers from Oklahoma, Tennessee, Ole Miss, Louisville, Oregon, Arizona, Cal, Pitt, Georgia Tech, Kentucky and many more.
****Tigers Offer South Florida DB
Clemson dipped into the Sunshine State again, deep into South Florida to offer DB prospect Kevin Austin out of North Broward Prep in Ft. Lauderdale. Austin is a Florida kid and, at present, it's an in-state race between FSU and Florida race. But this is Coach Venables's territory, and never count him out of a South Florida DB's mind. Case in point, Mackenzie Alexander, Adrian Baker and Jayron Kearse, just to name a few. He went into South Florida after the aforementioned stars and beat out the local schools.
****This Week's Tweets


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Martha Coakley on Immigration
All five Democrats said they supported Somerville Mayor Joseph Curtatone's recent decision to sign an executive order limiting the city's cooperation with the Secure Communities program, which partners local police with federal authorities to hold undocumented immigrants for possible deportation. Coakley said the program was designed to help federal authorities remove threats to public safety from communities. "We know it's gone far too far," she said, by targeting many undocumented immigrants with no criminal background.
A distinction should be made between hardened criminals here illegally and those whose only crime is immigrating without going through proper channels, she said, though, "I think there have to be some penalties involved" for those who have broken the law in coming into the country illegally.
Violent criminals and drug dealers should be deported, but the federal government "doesn't have the ability to deport" every person in this country who is here illegally, she said. "As attorney general, I have gone after the companies that have exploited workers," and getting employers to pay fair wages helps American citizens compete in the marketplace as well, she said.
|Other governors on Immigration:
|Martha Coakley on other issues:
MA Gubernatorial:
Bill Weld
Charlie Baker
Dan Wolf
Deval Patrick
Don Berwick
Karyn Polito
Marty Walsh
Richard Tisei
Steve Grossman
Tom Menino
Warren Tolman
MA Senatorial:
Brian Herr
Bruce Skarin
Ed Markey
Elizabeth Warren
Gabriel Gomez
John Kerry
Mo Cowan
Gubernatorial Debates 2014:
AL: Bentley(R) vs.Griffith(D)
AR: Ross(D) vs.Hutchinson(R) vs.Griffin(R,Lt.Gov.)
AZ: Ducey(R) vs.DuVal(D) vs.Mealer(AE) vs.Gilbert(L) vs.
CA: Brown(D) vs.Kashkari(R)
CO: Hickenlooper(D) vs.Beauprez(R) vs.
CT: Malloy(D) vs.Foley(R) vs.Walker(R,Lt.Gov.)
FL: Scott(R) vs.Crist(D) vs.Snitker(L,Lt.Gov.)
GA: Deal(R) vs.Carter(D) vs.Hunt(L)
HI: Ige(D) vs.Aiona(R) vs.
IA: Branstad(R) vs.Hatch(D) vs.
MA: Coakley(D) vs.Baker(R) &Polito(R,Lt.Gov.) vs.
ME: LePage(R) vs.Michaud(D) vs.Cutler(I)
MI: Snyder(R) vs.Schauer(D)
NM: Martinez(R) vs.King(D)
NY: Cuomo(D) &Hochul(D,Lt.Gov.) vs.Astorino(R) vs.Hawkins(G) vs.
OK: Fallin(R) vs.Dorman(D)
PA: Corbett(R) vs.Wolf(D) vs.
Newly-elected 2014:
AK-I: Bill Walker
AR-R: Asa Hutchinson
AZ-R: Doug Ducey
IL-R: Bruce Rauner
MA-R: Charlie Baker
MD-R: Larry Hogan
NE-R: Pete Ricketts
PA-D: Tom Wolf
RI-D: Gina Raimondo
TX-R: Greg Abbott
Up for re-election 2014:
AK-R: Sean Parnell
AL-R: Robert Bentley
CA-D: Jerry Brown
CO-D: John Hickenlooper
CT-D: Dan Malloy
FL-R: Rick Scott
GA-R: Nathan Deal
HI-D: Neil Abercrombie
IA-R: Terry Branstad
ID-R: Butch Otter
IL-D: Pat Quinn
KS-R: Sam Brownback
ME-R: Paul LePage
MI-R: Rick Snyder
MN-D: Mark Dayton
NH-D: Maggie Hassan
NM-R: Susana Martinez
NV-R: Brian Sandoval
NY-D: Andrew Cuomo
OH-R: John Kasich
OK-R: Mary Fallin
OR-D: John Kitzhaber
PA-R: Tom Corbett
SC-R: Nikki Haley
SD-R: Dennis Daugaard
TN-R: Bill Haslam
VT-D: Peter Shumlin
WI-R: Scott Walker
WY-R: Matt Mead
Civil Rights
Foreign Policy
Free Trade
Govt. Reform
Gun Control
Health Care
Homeland Security
Local Issues
Social Security
Tax Reform
Term-Limited or Retiring 2014:
AR-D: Mike Beebe
AZ-R: Jan Brewer
MA-D: Deval Patrick
MD-D: Martin O'Malley
RI-I: Linc Chafee
TX-R: Rick Perry


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|Item type
|Call number
|Date due
|Mesa Lab
|TJ163.25 .U6 A55 2012 (Browse shelf)
|Foothills Lab
|TJ163.25 .U6 A55 2012 (Browse shelf)
"June 2012"--Title page.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 15-16, 65-68, 102, 118, 120-129, 229). 159
"The projections in the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA's) Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (AEO2012) focus on the factors that shape the U.S. energy system over the long term. Under the assumption that current laws and regulations remain unchanged throughout the projections, the AEO2012 Reference case provides the basis for examination and discussion of energy production, consumption, technology, and market trends and the direction they may take in the future. It also serves as a starting point for analysis of potential changes in energy policies. But AEO2012 is not limited to the Reference case. It also includes 29 alternative cases (see Appendix E, Table E1), which explore important areas of uncertainty for markets, technologies, and policies in the U.S. energy economy. Many of the implications of the alternative cases are discussed in the 'Issues in focus' section of this report. / Key results highlighted in AEO2012 include continued modest growth in demand for energy over the next 25 years and increased domestic crude oil and natural gas production, largely driven by rising production from tight oil and shale resources. As a result, U.S. reliance on imported oil is reduced; domestic production of natural gas exceeds consumption, allowing for net exports; a growing share of U.S. electric power generation is met with natural gas and renewables; and energy-related carbon dioxide emissions remain below their 2005 level from 2010 to 2035, even in the absence of new Federal policies designed to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions."--Executive Summary (p. 2).
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(CNSNews.com) - "Quietly and without any fanfare, there is a real question whether the White House has just abandoned the individual mandate, the heart of Obamacare itself," House Speaker John Boehner told a news conference on Thursday.
The mandate requires every American to purchase purchase health insurance or else pay a penalty to the IRS.
"The president has always claimed that getting rid of the individual mandate is tantamount to gutting Obamacare, yet the White House quietly added a new hardship exemption for essentially everyone. And it just seems that they're hoping that no one will notice," Boehner said.
"This is a huge public policy decision that could affect millions of Americans. Tomorrow (Friday) the House is going to vote to delay the individual mandate tax and give everyone the same extension that the White House has already given them, yet the White House opposes the bill. Frankly, I think the American people deserve some explanation as to what the White House really is doing."
The Wall Street Journal reported this week that the Health and Human Services Administration deliberately buried -- in an unrelated regulation -- a rule that further delays the individual mandate. Specifically, HHS has extended until 2016 the "hardship exemption" for those who had their previous policies canceled because of Obamacare.
According to the newspaper, to get a hardship exemption, "Now all you need to do is fill out a form attesting that your plan was cancelled and that you 'believe that the plan options available in the [ObamaCare] Marketplace in your area are more expensive than your cancelled health insurance policy' or 'you consider other available policies unaffordable.'
But the Associated Press cited HHS officials as saying that the rule change was made in December and it was designed to permit a limited number of individuals to seek a hardship exemption from the individual mandate.
Asked if Republicans risk overplaying their hand on Obamacare, Boehner said Republicans "need to stay focused on what the American people are focused on, and that's jobs and the economy. But don't underestimate the amount of impact that Obamacare is having on the job market."
And even if President Obama has delayed the individual mandate for millions of Americans, Boehner predicted that "the worst is yet to come."


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'LOS ANGELES, July 14, 2011 /Christian Newswire/ — The newly formed black led South Central L.A. Tea Party group will hold a major rally to expose the lies and misinformation of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) during its102nd annual convention in Los Angeles on July 24. The purpose of the rally is to bring attention to the failed liberal big government agenda of the NAACP and to expose their lies and hypocrisy on race issues.
Who: South Central L.A. Tea Party
What: Rally to expose the failed big government agenda and lies of the NAACP
When: Sunday, July 24, 2011, from 2-4 p.m.
Where:1201 S Figueroa St., Los Angeles, CA 90015 (Outside the L.A. Convention Center- West Hall).
"The NAACP is a tool of the Obama administration," said founding member and President of BOND Action, Rev. Jesse Lee Peterson. He added, "For decades, this group has supported left-wing policies which have created dependency, destroyed black families, and hurt race relations." Rev. Peterson cited the following examples:
- NAACP spreading lies about the Tea Party movement. NAACP has made numerous false allegations of 'racism' against the Tea Party movement, but has yet to provide a shred of evidence backing up their baseless claims.
- Support for failing public schools and unions. The NAACP has aligned itself with the United Federation of Teachers to block 22 of the worst performing schools in New York City from being shut down. This has put them at odds with thousands of black parents in Harlem who support replacing these failing public schools with charter schools.
- NAACP's hypocrisy on crime and race. The NAACP has remained silent while black thugs attack white Americans and commit crimes in flash mobs across the country — but
NAACP President Benjamin Jealous says he's "deeply concerned" with the lack of black news anchors on Television.
- The NAACP supports black genocide. As an ally of Planned Parenthood and abortion on demand, the NAACP has aided and abetted in the death of some 15 million black babies since the Supreme Court's 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling legalizing abortion.
This event is open to all Tea Party supporters and like-minded patriots of all races."
I think what galls me the most is that he had the nerve to accuse the NAACP of supporting Black genocide. This from a man who does not care about Black people except how we can be perverted and oppressed enough to serve Whiteness. The high abortion rate of Black women has everything to do with the fact that we are living in a White supremacist state. With good sex education, as well as services to help women keep their children, perhaps it would not be an issue today. I fail to see how supporting a woman's right to choose is supporting genocide and furthermore, since what they are aborting is embryos it hardly rises to the level of genocide. If Black women were running around Black babies who were fully capable of living outside of their mothers bodies, then, and only then would this asshat have a point.
Having this rally in south central, is yet another extreme example of how far Peterson is willing to go to have his head patted by massa. South Central L.A. has long been hotbed of racial animosity specifically because of police violence (Rodney King and the Watts riots everyone), a lack of jobs, as well as the introduction of crack cocaine by the White supremacist government to help stall community improvement projects and Black self help groups. Say what you will about the original Black panthers, but they gave Black kids free breakfast programs and figures to look up to who were proud of being Black — that is until the government systematically hunted them.
If the NAACP were about supporting White hegemony, this fool would be all over it. As it is there principals center around the improvement of Black lives and this is threatening to man that has based his entire existence on shucking and jiving. Every single complain the NAACP made about the Tea Party is absolutely correct and each day the Tea Party adds to the list of complaints. Just recently the hideous Michelle Bachman decided to declare that the Black family was better off in slavery, and yet we are to believe that this party isn't racist?
Jesse Lee Peterson is a reflection of a sickness within our community. He has internalized racism to the point where he can only see the point of view of Whiteness. Some would argue that he is a profit mongering sell out who cannot possibly believe all of the vile things he claims to support, but it is my belief that this is a case of denial. It may be hundreds of years since the end of slavery but unfortunately there are still Blacks walking around with a slave mentality.


text: RTI International Metals, Inc. (NYSE: RTI), today announced that it has entered into long-term titanium mill product supply agreements with three United Technologies Corporation (UTC) (NYSE: UTX) business units. Under the agreements with UTC Aerospace Systems, Pratt & Whitney Canada and Sikorsky, RTI will be a major direct supplier of titanium sheet products used primarily in the manufacture of engine nacelle components, rotor-quality billet and a range of titanium mill products for various rotary-wing platforms. The material RTI will supply includes mill product categories previously sold to third-party fabricators under agreements expiring at the end of 2013. "We're pleased to announce the extension and enhancement of our strong relationships across the United Technologies family of businesses," said Dawne S. Hickton, Vice Chair, President and CEO of RTI. "Combined with the new agreement for Pratt & Whitney to be our EB Furnace launch customer, we look forward to continuing as a reliable, trusted, and high-quality supply partner in meeting United Technologies' varied titanium product needs." RTI Forward-Looking Statement All statements in this release relating to matters that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from those projected, anticipated or implied. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, global economic and political uncertainties, the concentration of our revenue within the commercial aerospace and defense industries, actual build-rates, production schedules and titanium content per aircraft for commercial and military aerospace programs, the successful completion and integration of completed acquisitions, military spending generally and in particular, demand for the Joint Strike Fighter program, the impact from Boeing 787 production delays, the competitive nature of the markets for specialty metals, the ability of RTI to obtain adequate raw materials, global economic conditions, the successful completion of RTI's capital expansion projects, and other risks and uncertainties described and included in RTI's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, and the exhibits attached to those filings. Actual results can differ materially from those forecasted or expected. The information contained in this release is qualified by and should be read in conjunction with the statements and notes filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Forms 10-K and 10-Q, as may be amended from time to time. The forward-looking statements in this document are intended to be subject to the safe harbor protection provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. RTI undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.


text:
Not Accepting Guests
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Join Couchsurfing to see Ilise's full profile. It's free!
About Me
To meet as many people and enrich as many lives as possible through shared experiences
I'm a happy, easy-going and outgoing girl with a good sense of humour who loves to have fun and experience all life has to offer. Carpe diem. I like meeting new people and doing new things all the time. Love the outdoors and anything to do with nature. Am very social and also love just hanging out having a few drinks and talking with friends.
I like to think that we are all here for a reason, and that reason is bigger than ourselves, so giving to others is the greatest and most rewarding gift we can give ourselves
Why I'm on Couchsurfing
I am new to couchsurfing but eager to share experiences with as many people as possible
I love people, talking to people and getting to know them and their different opinions, cultures and thoughts on life, physcology, love sailing, hiking, kayaking, rock climbing or anything really that involves being outside with nature, enjoying a beer and good food with good company.
- dining
- cooking
- beer
- drinking
- magic
- outdoor activities
- hiking
- kayaking
- sailing
- rock climbing
- tourism
Music, Movies, and Books
I love reading, I'll start a book and not be able to put it down until I finish. I'll read almost anything but I love books that are based on history or murder mysteries. Love almost any type of music, it can influence so much. Don't watch a lot of movies but I'm a bit of a girl and like my romantic comedy but also a bit of sci-fiction and love anything based on a true story.
One Amazing Thing I've Done
Snorkling on the Great Barrier Reef, totally amazing!
Teach, Learn, Share
I love cooking and food, and love sharing this with others. I have travelled a lot in my own country and want others to be able to experience the magic of this place so would love to help guide them on their way. Am interesting in learning spanish to a better degree.


text:
I've been assigned a Tecra M9 laptop to do some penetration testing and I would prefer to use backtrack3 not 2, however the /sbin/udevtrigger boot hang is keeping me from doing so. The workaround of using nohotplug does get it booting but pretty much guarantees the laptop isn't useful after boot. I'm willing to do a hard drive install if I can get some re-assurance that there's a way to get it working once I do.
Are there any solutions to this, or any suggestions?


text:
I have a couple of thoughts:
You should make sure that you are completely done with your family plans
You should be at a stable weight
You should wait at least 3-6 months after your surgery to perform any body contouring
Dr. ES
I have a couple of thoughts:
You should make sure that you are completely done with your family plans
You should be at a stable weight
You should wait at least 3-6 months after your surgery to perform any body contouring
Dr. ES
Although there are ways to work around breast feeding while having surgery, I think it would be best to wait about six months to do your surgery. Your body is still recovering from pregnancy and six weeks is too early.
Learn more: http://edelsonplastic.com/body/tummy-tuck/
It is highly recommended to wait at least 6 month postpartum before considering plastic surgery. The body changes in many ways after pregnancy. Also, it is very important that you aren't nursing as the medications and anesthesia can be transmitted through breast milk.
Learn more: http://www.lookyounger.net
I would not want to do that surgery on a patient within the first 6 months after delivery because there are too many changes too the skin hapening during that period, not to mention weight changes and improvement in muscle tone.
We do not do post pregnancy corrective surgery until 9 to 12 months after delivery. It takes that long to get over this pregnancy. Dr Straiano is right. Wait!
Hi there and thank you for your question
Firstly - congratulations on the birth of your child. This is great news and your first priority is obviously enjoying being a mother. Perhaps when you feel ready - exercising and trying to get back into shape is a really good idea before contemplating any surgery. If your tummy is still an issue then please do consult with a plastic surgeon to discuss your concerns. Personally I would recommend you wait at least 6 months after breast feeding as you will continue to notice beneficial changes over time. good luck
Paul Banwell
Your body needs about six months to a year to recover from a pregnancy. It takes about that length of time for your uterus to shrink down and your skin to recoil so it's best to wait until then to get your tummy tuck :)
Dear Drunklove, I recommend that you wait for at least 6 months and preferably a year following childbirth before having your tummy tuck for several reasons. Firstly, you have a 6 week old child to look after - it will be better to wait until he or she is a bit more mobile and preferably walking before having the surgery. Secondly, your weight will have fluctuated and your tissues will have stretched to have the child and you need to allow them to recoil and settle as much as possible before having body contouring surgery. Thirdly, your blood is more prone to clotting following childbirth and you need to let things settle down as there is a risk of clots in the legs and lungs after this surgery and so you need to minimise these risks. Finally, you need to be sure that you do not want to have more children as this would affect your result and sometimes it takes a while to make a balanced decision about this! Good luck, there is no reason that you can't start planning and researching now. Jonathan Staiano
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


text:
Editors' Note: The download button opens the iTunes App Store, where you may continue the download process. You must have iTunes installed with an active iTunes account in order to download and install the software. This download may not be available in some countries.
Sponsored Products
|Productivity Software
|Calendar & Time Management Software
Publisher's Description+
What's new in this version:
FEATURES* UI modernization* Back Up All ProjectsFIXES* Keys disappearing from onscreen keyboard hopefully addressed with build from latest SDK* Restoring the Index Card app to a new device should no long lock out users that have set a password, but chose not to set Encrypt local backup in iTunes* Printing via AirPrint within app should no longer crash


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I am running Beta 2 Build 5384.
When i click on 'Register Windows' from the Welcome centre, and the website
comes up (Picture of the guy in the red hoody on mountain); i try and click
on "continue registration", but it goes no where, and down the bottom i get
the 'Error on page' error. Any help ? Thanks.


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(10k, 320x240)
Country: United States
City: New York
System: New York City Transit
Line: IND Queens Boulevard Line
Location: Roosevelt Avenue Terminal Station
Photo by: Mark S. Feinman
Notes: A good view of the northbound trackway. To the right is the southbound trackway from the terminal station. To the left is the ramp connecting the IND Rockaway Line to the IND Queens Blvd Line.
Viewed (this week/total): 3 / 14365
Available Image EXIF Data:
Resolution : 320 x 240


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On Nov. 11, at 2:05 a.m., Marana police responded to Old Father Inn regarding a fight in progress. Upon arrival, police found that order had been restored. The business owner told the officers the parties involved, none of which he knew, had since left the area. Nobody was reported to have been injured while the pushing occurred.
On Nov. 9, at noon, Marana police responded to Walmart on Cortaro Road in reference to a shoplifter in custody. The responding officer met with the reporting Asset Protection employee, who stated he had been observing a woman as she went through the checkout lane and purchased several items. As she began to leave, the associate noticed a bag of dog food and 12-pack of soda under her cart that she had not paid for, as well as several other items in her purse. The subject told the officer that money was very tight with her and her family, and that the incident was her first time shoplifting. The subject was cited and released at the scene, and her license, which was suspended, was seized.
On Nov. 7, at 11:18 a.m., Marana police responded to AM PM in reference to shoplifting. The officer made contact with the store manager, who stated a male subject had stolen 10 packs of Marlboro Red cigarettes, valued at $69.81, and left the store at approximately 11:10 a.m. The manager said she had put the cigarettes on the counter to ring up the customer, when he grabbed them and walked out without paying. The manager said she would look into getting surveillance footage and contact police when it was ready.
On Nov. 6, at 4:28 p.m., Marana police responded to a residence regarding identity theft. The reporting victim told the officer her debit card was being used in Coolidge. Three transactions were placed on the card, for amounts of $346.43, $333.37, and $333.03. The victim said her husband was in Georgia on business, so nobody should have been using the card in Coolidge. Vantage West Credit Union deactivated the card.
On Nov. 5, at 12:23 p.m., Marana police responded to the area of Arizona Pavilions in reference to theft. The responding officer was informed that copper wires belonging to Century Link had been dug up and taken. The reporting party told the officer six feet of wire had been taken, the damage valued at $2,000. No suspects have been identified.


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LEGAL graffiti walls were once hailed as an innovative way to stop tagging and vandalism and prevent costly clean-up bills.
But two councils have found the walls in fact increase the problem.
Parramatta Council pulled down its legal graffiti walls in 2009, and Cr Michael McDermott estimates there has been a 50 per cent drop in the amount of graffiti.
''I would urge every council to do this,'' Mr McDermott said. ''What we found was the walls were actually being counterproductive.''
Mr McDermott said the wall, in a local park, had been a disaster for the community.
''On one hand [we were] saying to kids that they shouldn't do this [graffiti], and on the other hand saying, yes you should. What we were doing was normalising graffiti.''
When Newcastle Council removed its legal graffiti wall in April last year it also noticed a decrease in graffiti in the surrounding area.
The council's graffiti team leader, Sol Standerwick, said: ''People had permission to paint on the walls of a local skate park, but since it has been decommissioned the amount of graffiti [in the area around the park] is minimal. The graffiti removal and rapid response crews were down there nearly every day cleaning up illegal graffiti, but now the wall has gone they will only have to clean up once a month.''
Blue Mountains City Council removed its graffiti wall because of lack of funding in late 2009, but a spokeswoman said she could not confirm whether there had been any change in the incidence of illegal graffiti as a result.
The Keep Australia Beautiful CEO Peter McLean agreed legal walls increased graffiti. ''We're never going to stamp out graffiti 100 per cent. But take a legal wall down and graffiti will decrease,'' he said.
Keep Australia Beautiful has organised Graffiti Action Day today , when 20 juvenile young offenders will work on cleaning up five graffiti sites in Sydney, while community members and shopkeepers will clean up graffiti in 38 NSW council areas.
A graffiti design expert, Samantha Edwards, of the University of Western Sydney, said she could not understand the decision to get rid of the walls when they had been designed for channelling graffiti writers away from doing illegal work.
''I can't understand why they want to take it away when they opened the door … they will regret it.''
Blacktown Council, which has the third-biggest graffiti problem in NSW, still believes in creative solutions to illegal graffiti and has commissioned a local artist, Danielle Rawnsley, to create murals around Lalor Park.
''We're one of the worst-hit towns for graffiti, so we tried to channel the kids into creating murals,'' Ms Rawnsley, 36, said.


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What's Drew Barrymore been up to lately?
She went to Kenya in May, a trip chronicled for the September issue of Conde Nast Traveler, out Tuesday. She's part of the magazine's Visionaries issue, which features celebrities, activists and companies who are trying to change the world.
"I want to explore and become more socially aware," says Barrymore, who is a U.N. World Food Programme ambassador. She traveled with writer Susan Hack to rural communities in Kenya where she has provided a new primary school, food for children and wells for the villagers.
"I didn't want to be on a soapbox, this Westerner living in a bubble, so on the first trip I was a little nervous. I asked questions and listened a lot..."
She adds, "Travelers should look at the harsh realities of a place but balance that with seeking its beauty. It's important to acknowledge the reality of how the world functions but also to keep a sense of hope."
Sign up for Lifeline Live e-mail alerts


text:
Nlt Slim C C Ref Lp Mahogany Blth Leather
by New Living Tran. / Bonded / Brown;
In Stock - Usually dispatched within 24 hours
Free UK delivery when you spend £10 or more
Offer price: £31.03 Free Delivery
Price and PurchaseOffer price: £31.03 Free UK Delivery Go to Basket
If you're buying for a church, school or business, why not Buy Now Pay Later?Find Out More
Nlt Slim C C Ref Lp Mahogany Blth
Full Product Description
This slimline Bible, now available with full center-column references, features a portable size and quality bonded leather construction for today's on-the-go lifestyle. Classic reference features include a dictionary/concordance, full-color maps, a ribbon marker, and gilded edges. The New Living Translation is an authoritative Bible translation, rendered faithfully into today's English from the ancient texts by 90 leading Bible scholars. The NLT's scholarship and clarity breathe life into even the most difficult-to-understand Bible passages-but even more powerful are stories of how people's lives are changing as the words speak directly to their hearts. That's why we call it "The Truth Made Clear."
Nlt Slim C C Ref Lp Mahogany Blth was published by Tyndale House Publishers in September 2010 and is our 4038th best seller. The ISBN for Nlt Slim C C Ref Lp Mahogany Blth is 9781414338484.
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Details for Nlt Slim C C Ref Lp Mahogany Blth
|Page last updated
|4th May 2017
|Book Format
|Leather / fine binding
|Tyndale House Publishers (September 2010)
|2nd large type edition
|Number of Pages
|36 mm
|254 mm
|187 mm
|Product Code


text: Hi! You've landed on the corporate home page of Studio1923, LLC. Studio1923, LLC is the parent company to the following companies and their websites. Choose the genre of photography you are interested in below. Wedding Photography. This website is for our unrivaled wedding photography clients. Click here to Visit and be sure to subscribe to the latest updates from Veils and Cufflinks Wedding Art by Studio1923 Newborn, Baby, Family Photography. If you are as obsessed with little tiny newborns like we are or if you are expecting your own; click here to visit Ten Teenie Toes Corporate Headshots, Social Media Imaging, Business Identity, Architectural Photography, Real Estate, Corporate Events, Campaign Imaging, Brand Recognition and Product Photography Jerome and Jennifer's personal travel website. RVing destinations, travel tips, allergy free recipes and more. Share this post if you like it (someone else you know probably will too):ShareTweetEmailShare on Tumblr


text:
The 1st layout of many for our Vaction album. We had an awesome week but it was busy, lots of walking, lots of standing in line and this I swear was my favorite afternoon. It was the day before we left Cali. We spent the morning at the San Diego Zoo, walked Balbo Park alittle and were ready for a nap. The week had been so cloudy and cold we weren't expecting any different this day. We got lucky, we wondered over to Coronado and were able to walk the grounds of the famous Hotel Del Coronado, buy some very yummy truffles, relax on the beach, watch the sun set and Justin even got to make a sand castle.
I miss the beach, already.
BTW it's currently in the 90s-100s here in AZ in Cali it never got past 75
degrees. That's a big difference and we liked it much better there despite the clouds.


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Girls hoops: Vikings dominate, get 7th straight win
February 1, 2013
Free throws
» Best individual performance: Though she may not have been Valley's statistical leader, Vikings sophomore Abbey Wehrman's impact was profound. Wehrman (seven points, six rebounds) came off the bench and wreaked havoc on both ends of the court, hounding ball-handlers, forcing deflections and attacking the hoop.
» Turning point: After Estes Park took a 10-9 first quarter lead, the Vikings exerting their will, taking a 29-19 halftime lead and consistently building upon it.
» What it means: Valley (4-0 Class 3A Patriot League, 11-2 overall) continues to prove itself as a contender; not just within its own league but perhaps on the state level. The Vikings have won nine straight games and should be a heavy favorite in every game between now and a big road matchup with Sterling (4-0, 10-3) on Feb. 15 in the second-to-last game of the regular season.
Bobby Fernandez
Gilcrest — Valley's girls basketball team is on a mission.
The target? That big, concrete arena on the Colorado State University campus that's shaped like a whale with a name to match.
With every win, the Vikings inch closer to their goal of returning to the eight-team Class 3A state tournament at Fort Collins' Moby Arena.
If they have many more performances like Tuesday's 57-33 win against fellow Patriot League contender Estes Park, you might as well call them Ishmael, or at least label them a legit 3A contender.
"We have a really big goal to get to state," Vikings sophomore Abbey Wehrman said. "We've played with the mindset, we need to get to state, and I think that's really shown this year."
Valley (4-0 Patriot, 11-2 overall) won its ninth straight game, using its unrelenting speed and tenacity to overmatch the perennially contending Bobcats (3-2, 8-5).
The Vikings (ranked sixth by The Denver Post) haven't lost since the first full week of their season, outscoring opponents 47-28 points per game during their win streak.
Valley sophomore Bridgette Hutton said she and her teammates have no intention of losing focus, letting up or taking it easy as they try to be one of the final teams standing in March at Moby.
"This whole team is just on fire right now," Valley sophomore Bridgette Hutton said. "We work hard every practice, and (qualifying for state) is our set goal for the entire season,"
As it was Tuesday, defense and hustle have been key during the Vikings' season-long tear.
Wehrman said her team's goal is to hold opponents to less than 36 points each game.
Valley has outscored its opponents by an average of 46-32, allowing 36 or more points just five times; not once in the last seven games.
While Bridgette's older sister — senior point guard Haley Hutton (13 points, five assists) — paced the first unit, Bridgette (nine points, seven rebounds) and Wehrman (seven points, six boards) spearheaded a Vikings' bench that outscored the Bobcats' backups 24-5.
Wehrman said she and the rest of the bench are determined to maintain the same level of intensity on both ends of the floor when subbing in for defensive stalwarts like senior Courtney Chacon, sophomore Cori Aafedt and junior Emily Dellenbach and high-scorers Haley Hutton and sophomore Micayla Crespin (eight points).
"When a starter comes out, you definitely want to be able to meet their intensity on the court," Wehrman said. "I feel like, tonight, Bridgette and I and Layne (Pachl) did that. Even when Adriana and Bianca (Granados) came in, we all contributed a lot."
While Valley (36.5 percent) didn't shoot significantly better than Estes Park (31.6), the Vikings maximized their scoring opportunities.
Valley's constantly moving, machine-like lineup forced 22 Bobcat turnovers and pulled down 16 offensive rebounds, despite giving up an average of 2 inches in height to its Estes Park counterparts.
The Bobcats had 20 takeaways and just five offensive boards.
"Valley really hits the offensive glass really well," Estes Park coach Steve Pistrui said. "They killed us on the boards. They got a lot of second- and third-shot opportunities, and I really thought that was the major difference."
The loss matches the most lopsided loss of the season for the Bobcats, which lost to eighth-ranked Machebeuf 60-36 on Dec. 14.
The Vikings were in firm control after briefly trailing in the first quarter.
Valley went on a 9-2 run to end the first and a 7-2 run to close the second, taking a 29-19 lead after Bridgette Hutton drew contact and sank a pair of free throws with 5.9 seconds left before halftime.
The Vikings held Estes to 4-of-17 shooting in the second half to squash any hopes the Bobcats had of a late-game rally.
"(The Vikings) are a great shooting team, they pass the ball well; they're just a solid team all around," Pistrui said. "That's a tough team to beat."
Although defense has been Valley's calling card since the start of the season, the Vikings' offense continues to make strides. Valley has eclipsed the 50-point mark in four of its past eight games.
Vikings coach Justin Kravig said his team's offensive prowess will continue to hinge on the assertiveness of Valley's seven sophomores, who complement the steady starting upperclassmen Chacon, Dellenbach and Haley Hutton.
"We talked the other day about being a little bit more consistent among those younger girls, especially the ones coming off the bench," Kravig said. "I felt like (Tuesday), they answered the call."
VHS — Courtney Chacon 1 0-0 2, Micayla Crespin 1 6-7 8, Haley Hutton 5 1-1 13, Cori Aafedt 0 4-6 4, Emily Dellenbach 2 3-4 7, Abbey Wehrman 2 3-4 7, Bridgette Hutton 3 2-3 9, Layne Pachl 2 0-2 4, Adriana Granados 2 0-1 4, Bianca Granados 0 0-0 0. Totals 19 16-24 57.
3-point field goals — VHS 3 (H. Hutton 2, B. Hutton).
Total fouls — VHS 15.
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VAN NUYS - A 24-year-old woman accused of gunning down her mother in Woodland Hills pleaded not guilty today to a murder charge.
Laura Purviance is charged in the Feb. 13 slaying of her 61-year-old mother, Caroline, whose body was found about 8:20 p.m. the following day inside her home in the 5600 block of Mason Avenue.
Her daughter was arrested Feb. 22 by Oregon state troopers at the Valley of the Rogue rest area along Interstate 5, about 13 miles north of Medford, Ore., and brought back to Los Angeles several days later.
When she returns to Van Nuys Superior Court on May 23, a judge is expected to set a date for a hearing to determine if there is enough evidence to require her to stand trial.


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A son of former senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago was pronounced dead on arrival by doctors of a Metro Manila hospital the evening of November 20, reports said.
Alexander Santiago, 21, sustained a gunshot wound at the left side of his nape, which went through his skull, according to Dr. Amy Banaag.
According to Banaag, the younger Santiago was found in a room, lying in a pool of blood. She said the gunshot did not seem to have been fired at close range.
Banaag, however, did not specify where the incident was reported to have occurred.


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First Teaser Posters Unveiled for Stallone's The Expendables!
by Alex Billington
March 17, 2010
Source: IGN, Collider
Even more new posters! Given this is ShoWest week, we expected a whole bunch of them to arrive, but one new set of posters (we haven't seen before) that I really wanted to feature are the new official teaser posters for Sylvester Stallone's The Expendables. The first one comes from IGN and is the official teaser poster that Lionsgate just debuted for the film. The second one comes from showfloor at ShoWest and is actually a bit more badass than the first one. There are whole helluvalot of guns on the first one and a gnarly, badass Stallone on the second one. I really dig the design of these and I hope everyone else likes them, too. Dig it!
This second new poster was on display at ShoWest and this photo of it comes from our friends at Collider.
The story follows a team of mercenaries who head to South America on a mission to overthrow a dictator.
The Expendables is both written and directed by legendary action actor and filmmaker Sylvester Stallone, who has also directed Paradise Alley, Rocky 2, 3, and 4, as well as the most recent Rambo movie. This is a Nu Image / Millennium Films production developed by Avi Lerner and Les Weldon. Lionsgate is bringing The Expendables to theaters starting on August 13th later this summer. We first featured a trailer for this back in October of last year but it got pulled, then the official trailer debuted back in March. Still excited?
Follow Alex's main profile on :


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Change default category behaviour
I need to know: I have wrote at 60% one plugin, it works well in backend (some settings, some cpt, some custom fields… nothing special). It uses custom post type with custom fields.
For now I need to change default archive category behaviour as well as change behaviour of single posts of this CPT _doesn't_touching_ templates (because this plugin will be used not only in the 1 site and there will be many templates).
Just programmatically, by filters/actions – change it as I like.. for example, I will need to show up this custom fields in this single custom post type.
Does somebody knows about how to do it by plugin?
- The topic 'Change default category behaviour' is closed to new replies.


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A new approach to comparing VaR estimation methods
Pèrignon, Christoph & Smith, Daniel (2008) A new approach to comparing VaR estimation methods. The Journal of Derivatives, Winter, pp. 54-66.
Impact and interest:
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|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Journal Article
|VaR Estimation methods, Statistical Methods, Risk managment, Investments
|Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > ECONOMICS (140000) > ECONOMETRICS (140300) > Econometric and Statistical Methods (140302)
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > COMMERCE MANAGEMENT TOURISM AND SERVICES (150000) > BANKING FINANCE AND INVESTMENT (150200) > Investment and Risk Management (150205)
|Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > QUT Business School
|Deposited On:
|12 Feb 2010 12:47
|Last Modified:
|10 Jul 2017 06:01
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Indybay FeatureRelated Categories: South Bay | Education & Student Activism
Student Activists Receive Gertrude Welch Peace and Justice Award
Student Advocates for Higher Education (SAHE) was honored by the San José Peace and Justice Center for the service, activism, tenacity, and courage of its student members. Representatives Mike Honda and Zoe Lofgren participated in the ceremony held at San José State University.
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The San José Peace and Justice Center presented its 2012 Gertrude Welch Peace and Justice Award to Student Advocates for Higher Education (SAHE) at an award ceremony at San José State University on March 12, 2012. Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren and Congressman Mike Honda, joined in giving the award, and presented their own Congressional Commendations to SAHE.
SAHE was chosen for the award because of the courage of its student members, both undocumented and documented, in openly standing up, despite the risk of deportation, for their rights as human beings and promoting higher education for undocumented immigrants.
Barby Ulmer, who co-founded the San José Peace Center in 1957 and worked with Gertrude Welch in its earlier years, thanked SAHE students for their "courage and dedication to making this a better country and a better world." She presented the Gertrude Welch Peace and Justice Award to Kimberly Martinez, President of SAHE, and 15 of its student and alumni members.
As the as ranking member of the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement, Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren has been in a key position to formulate a more rational and humane immigration policy. But her efforts have been blocked by conservative members of Congress who only want more enforcement. The powerful movement for immigrants' rights in Santa Clara County has enabled Lofgren to become a leading proponent of comprehensive immigration reform.
Congressman Mike Honda, who was taken with his family to an internment camp for Japanese Americans in 1942, remembered how racial profiling was used to remove an entire subpopulation in the United States. He pointed out that the U.S. Constitution guarantees fundamental rights not only to citizens, but to people. This has led him to become an increasingly vocal proponent of humane immigration reform and for the civil liberties of all residents of the United States.
San José City Councilmembers Ash Kalra, Xavier Campos, Kansen Chu, and Sam Liccardo also came to honor SAHE and present a commendation. On behalf of the San José City Council, Ash Kalra praised the San José Peace and Justice Center for its ongoing efforts to promote peace, justice, and non-violence, and for its recognition of the courage of SAHE students.
Finally, Pete McHugh, Vice Mayor of Milpitas and former Chairperson of Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors, presented a proclamation on behalf of the city of Milpitas, recognizing the activism, courage, and service of SAHE. Having worked with Gertrude Welch on local social justice programs, McHugh has been steadfast, despite controversy, in his support for the human rights and civil rights of all.
While undocumented students had been living in the shadows for many years, SAHE was going public -- openly challenging a broken immigration system that puts them into a legal limbo -- having access to higher education, but unable to access financial aid, or unable get a job after graduation. The undocumented students who came out, publicly identifying themselves in press conferences and rallies, did so at great risk of being arrested and deported by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).
Founded in 2004, one of the earliest public actions by SAHE students was to press for passage of the Federal DREAM Act by going on a three-day hunger strike. Beginning on July 2, 2007 they sat during the daytime in front of the office of Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren to ask her to support the DREAM Act. Lofgren was then Chair of the House Subcommittee on Citizenship, Refugees, Immigration and Border Security. On Tuesday, July 3, they went to the evening meeting of the San José City Council to ask for backing.1-4
Four students participated in the hunger strike in San Jose, joined by supporting members of community organizations. They coordinated their action with students in Santa Ana, Los Angeles, Pasadena, Bakersfield, San Francisco, and Berkeley.
While protesting in front of San José City Hall, Emmanuel, then 20 years old, explained, "I was ten when my mom brought me here. I didn't want to leave because I was doing real well then." He became aware of his predicament when in the seventh grade, a summer math course application asked for a social security number. "That's the time I realized I couldn't be like others in my class."4
One hunger striker, César, then 21, declared, "After fourteen years of being in the shadows, you reach a point where you say, I don't care, I'm fighting for what's right."5
The aftermath of the hunger strike and protests was growing public awareness of the dilemma facing undocumented students. But there was also a backlash. After a right-wing talk show host challenged the students to "starve to death," the students took their protest to the San Francisco radio station broadcasting his show in the San Francisco Bay Area.
After California Governor Arnold Schwarzeneggar vetoed the California DREAM Act (SB 1) on October 13, 2007, SAHE students became more determined than ever to take their campaign to the public and to Senator Dianne Feinstein in the hopes of winning passage at the Federal level.6
In 2007 SAHE launched outreach to high school students to stimulate interest in college education, scholarships, knowing their rights, political activism, and to inform them about immigration reform. In particular, the campaign sought to make undocumented high school students aware of AB 540, the California law enacted in 2001 that enables undocumented resident students to qualify for lower in-state tuition at public colleges and universities.
As a way of providing tangible support for undocumented and activist students, SAHE began fundraising to provide scholarships to such students. In recent years, SAHE has raised $4000 to $7000 for its annual scholarship fund.
In February 2008, the Human Relations Commission of Santa Clara County gave its Human Relations Award to SAHE among 13 local groups and individuals.
On April 22, 2008, SAHE students organized a "Dream In" on the SJSU campus in front of the Tommie Smith and John Carlos statues, camping overnight "dreaming for our demands to become reality."
In the summer of 2008, SAHE organized a "Know Your Rights" people's theater at the National Hispanic University and at Santa Maria Goretti Church, showing how to act when ICE raids a home or workplace. These plays evolved into wider community outreach, such as the "Novelas del Pueblo" skits in Plaza de César Chávez in San José on July 22, 2009.
Finally, on July 25, 2011, Governor Jerry Brown signed the first part of the California DREAM Act (AB 130), giving undocumented students access to private financial aid. This was followed on October 8, 2011 with his signing of the second part (AB 131) which makes undocumented students eligible for Cal Grants and other state financial aid.
These are but the first fruits of the courage and determination of the students of SAHE. Today, following the pioneering efforts of SAHE, undocumented students of every ethnic group across the country are shedding their fears to press for equal access to higher education and humane immigration reform.
1. Doño, Rossa, "Students fast today for a better tomorrow," El Observador, 29 June 2007, p. 9.
2. Ortiz, Manuel, "Estudiantes de San José inician huelga de hambre," El Mensajero, 1 July 2007, p. 9.
3. Ollín, Nahuí, "Una lucha con esperanza," Alianza News, 5 July 2007, pp. 1,6.
4. Robles, Elena, "DREAMing students take action to resuscitate a dead bill," La Oferta, 6 July 2007, pp. 1,4.
5. Jayadev, Raj, "Don't call me criminal," Metro News, 12 December 2007, pp. 15,17.
6. Castillo, Oswaldo, "Group pushes for federal DREAM Act," Spartan Daily, 23 October 2007, pp. 1-2.
Kimberly Martinez, President of SAHE, giving the acceptance speech. Congressman Mike Honda, Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren, SJPJC President Sharat G. Lin, and SJPJC Coordinator Shelby Minister stand with the students.
Councilmembers Ash Kalra and Xavier Campos present a commendation to SJPJC President Sharat G. Lin and SJPJC Coordinator Shelby Minister. SAHE alumni look on.
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Milpitas Vice Mayor Pete McHugh presents a Proclamation to Kimberly Martinez, César Juarez, and other SAHE members.
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SAHE students leading a protest against budget cuts at San José State University on September 22, 2009.
SAHE students pressing Lofgren to support the Federal DREAM Act on July 5, 2007. (Photo courtesy of SAHE)


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A husband and wife found dead inside their Downers Grove home Friday died of an apparent murder-suicide, Downers Grove Police said today.
Police responded to the home on the 6200 block of Park Avenue for a well-being check and found Thomas F. Smith, 41, and his wife Jennifer M. Smith, 39, dead of stab wounds, Lt. Michael Willison said in a release. Willison said that it appeared that Thomas Smith stabbed and killed Jennifer Smith then committed suicide. It appears that the couple was alone during the incident.


text:
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The adjustable shower caddy makes room for tall bottles and accommodates plumbing with its unique adjustable shelves. Simply flip the tabs and slide shelves either up and down or side to side. Bottles can be stored upside down for easier dispensing. The caddy's multiple compartments include a soap dish, toothbrush/razor holder, and two hooks. A rubberized clamp and pivoting suction cup ensure secure installation. From Simplehuman.
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fits shower heads with necks of 3/4" to 1" in diameter
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Adjustable Shower Caddy - Preview


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Bring Back the Robber Barons
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Faced with high, painful unemployment as far as the eye can see, the government naturally is here to help.
The Senate passed a $15 billion "jobs bill." Its proudest piece is a tax credit for employers who hire a person out of work at least 60 days. The employer won't have to pay the 6.2% Social Security payroll tax for what remains of this year. If the worker stays on the job at least a year, the government will give the employer $1,000.
As to the earlier $787 billion stimulus bill, Vice President Joe Biden praised it in Orlando this week as an engine of job creation, while he stood before a pile of broken concrete and asphalt. The subject was highways.
Finally, Barack Obama's government now may force companies to raise wages and benefits by squeezing their federal contracts if they don't.
Maybe there's a better way.
Let's bring back the robber barons.
"Robber baron" became a term of derision to generations of American students after many earnest teachers made them read Matthew Josephson's long tome of the same name about the men whose enterprise drove the American industrial age from 1861 to 1901.
Josephson's cast of pillaging villains was comprehensive: Rockefeller, Carnegie, Vanderbilt, Morgan, Astor, Jay Gould, James J. Hill. His table of contents alone shaped impressions of those times: "Carnegie as 'business pirate'." "Henry Frick, baron of coke." "Terrorism in Oil." "The sack of California."
I say, bring 'em back, and the sooner the better. What we need, a lot more than a $1,000 tax credit, are industries no one has thought of before. We need vision, vitality and commercial moxie. This government is draining it away.
The antidote to Josephson's book is a small classic by Hillsdale College historian Burton W. Folsom called "The Myth of the Robber Barons: A New Look at the Rise of Big Business in America" (Young America's Foundation). Prof. Folsom's core insight is to divide the men of that age into market entrepreneurs and political entrepreneurs.
Market entrepreneurs like Rockefeller, Vanderbilt and Hill built businesses on product and price. Hill was the railroad magnate who finished his transcontinental line without a public land grant. Rockefeller took on and beat the world's dominant oil power at the time, Russia. Rockefeller innovated his way to energy primacy for the U.S.
Political entrepreneurs, by contrast, made money back then by gaming the political system. Steamship builder Robert Fulton acquired a 30-year monopoly on Hudson River steamship traffic from, no surprise, the New York legislature. Cornelius Vanderbilt, with the slogan "New Jersey must be free," broke Fulton's government-granted monopoly.
If the Obama model takes hold, we will enter the Golden Age of the Political Entrepreneur. The green jobs industry that sits at the center of the Obama master plan for the American future depends on public subsidies for wind and solar technologies plus taxes on carbon to suppress it as a competitor. Politically connected entrepreneurs will spend their energies running a mad labyrinth of bureaucracies, congressional committees and Beltway door openers. Our best market entrepreneurs, instead of exhausting themselves on their new ideas, will run to ground gaming Barack Obama's ideas.
If the goal is job growth, we need to admit one fact: Political entrepreneurs create fewer jobs than do market entrepreneurs. We need new mass markets, really big markets of the sort Ford, Rockefeller and Carnegie created. Great employment markets are discoverable only by people who create opportunities or see them in the cracks of what already exists -- a Federal Express or Wal-Mart. Either you believe that the philosopher kings of the Obama administration can figure out this sort of thing, or you don't. I don't.
FDIC chief Sheila Bair whacked bank bonuses Tuesday. People on the East Coast spend too much time around the finance and insurance industries. If the price of rediscovering the American job machine is some people across the land getting really rich, it's a small price.
One of the richest now is Larry Ellison, the 1977 founder of Oracle Corp. (49,000 employees), whose tastes run to huge boats, bigger houses and paying Elton John to play for his friends at the Cow Palace. Someone in our politics has to find the courage to say, So what? If the next Ellison and Oracle ripples into American life as many new jobs and family incomes, I'm happy to be grossed out by parties and boats. The alternative is a nation of Pecksniffs, choking on virtue.
We live in a world of rising competitors -- foreign robber barons -- who don't much care about our endless quest for health-care justice. The U.S. on its current path to a stage-managed economy floating in a lake of taxes will keep down the greatest population of intellectual and managerial firepower the world has seen. The rest of the world admits that, with the recent exception of the Chinese, who think we're ready to be taken. We have young people impatient for the chance to do what Carnegie, Rockefeller and Hill did. Let them.
[link to finance.yahoo.com]
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|1943 Nazis set up secret bank in Monaco - Bank Charles & Co, with American "robber baron" Jay Gould
|Robber Barons. What has changed?
|The Thieves in The Temple: The Robber Barons
|Reining in the CEOs, Plutocrats & Robber Barons
|The Return of the Robber Barons
|Baron David de Rothschild: Economic Crisis Will Bring New World Order, Global Governance
|So it Seems Hilldog n Her Accomplices Aren't Really Demorats More Like Robber Baron Muzzys Posing as Demorats Right?? no ???.... Money ....
|Just Shut Up & Vote: The Futility Of Representative Government In An Age Of Robber Barons
|Why was the Pujo Committee unsuccessful in thwarting the robber barons?
|Hepatitis C cure: $900 in Egypt, $84,000 in the U.S.. Robber barons much?


text:
|You are in: Business
Tuesday, 9 July, 2002, 12:28 GMT 13:28 UK
Sex sales soar at Ann Summers
The UK sex shop chain Ann Summers has said it enjoyed a surge in sales over the past year.
"2001/2002 has been one of our best years ever and is proof that the British people just can't get enough of sex," said chief executive Jacqueline Gold.
She added that profits were expected to reach about £9.5m - more than double the previous year's figure.
More spice
Ms Gold said there was not one main reason for the rise in sales, but noted that British attitudes towards sex were changing.
"People are more relaxed about spicing up their sex lives," she said.
Turnover rose to £85m for the year to 30 June.
This included sales from its stores and the internet, and from sales generated through Ann Summers' parties held at people's homes.
More stores
The figures also included sales from the lingerie chain Knickerbox, which Ann Summers bought out of administration in 2000.
Ms Gold said that the Knickerbox chain had been turned round and was now going into profit.
She added that she thought there was potential to expand the Ann Summers chain to between 100 and 150 stores in the UK.
At the moment, there are 62 stores in the UK and Ireland, and the company is opening stores in Spain this summer.
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In the News
Original journalism from the Center's OpenSecrets Blog
Tech Industry Lobbying, Led by Google, Defies General Lobbying Decline
November 28, 2012 | The tech industry continues to expand its lobbying efforts, defying the overall trend of declining lobbying expenditures. Google leads the way.
Mystery Health Care Group Funneled Millions to Conservative Nonprofits
May 18, 2012 | A secretive, well-funded group provided $44 million in 2010 to a host of 501(c)(4) groups, many of which were among the most active in airing ads attacking Democrats in the midterm elections. The Center to Protect Patient Rights was the source of more than half the budget of the group American Future Fund, for example. The Center's role in funding the groups has not previously been reported.
Rejected, Donated or Lost, Sometimes Politicians Never Pocket the Oil Money Directed at Them
August 27, 2010 | Despite a tight relationship between oil interests and politicians, some campaign contribution checks, though written, never end up in the pockets of the oil interests' intended politician or committee. There are several reasons why this may occur, both rare and relatively common.
Tea Party Caucus Members Bankrolled by Health Professionals, Retirees, Oil Interests
July 30, 2010 | A Center for Responsive Politics analysis shows that the biggest contributors to the 49 members of the newly-established congressional Tea Party caucus -- it so far includes only Republican -- are health professionals, retired individuals, the real estate industry and oil and gas interests. Furthermore, donations from health professionals, oil and gas interests and Republican and conservative groups are, on average, higher for Tea Party caucus members than for members of the House of Representatives in general and even their fellow House Republicans.
House Democrats Backing Abortion Restrictions Received Significant Campaign Cash From Pro-Life Groups
November 10, 2009 | Democrats who supported an amendment that added restrictions to abortion-related health insurance benefits received considerably more campaign contributions from anti-abortion interests than Democrats who opposed the amendment, the Center for Responsive Politics has found.
Opponents of House Health Reform Bill Received 15 Percent More in Health Industry Contributions Than Supporters
November 8, 2009 | The U.S. House of Representatives narrowly passed its version of a landmark health insurance reform bill Saturday night, 220-215, and opponents of the measure have received an average of 15 percent more from health industry and health insurance companies, a Center for Responsive Politics analysis has found.
Third Quarter Campaign Finance Reports Show Money Race Is On
October 16, 2009 | An initial Center for Responsive Politics analysis has found that sitting members of the U.S. House of Representatives raised $48.2 million from July 1 through Sept. 30, 2009, based on the 336 reports we have in. The mean amount these lawmakers raised was $143,640, and the median amount was $126,680.
Insurers On Alert Have Given $4 Million to Committees Grilling Them
September 15, 2009 | A number of lawmakers have requested that insurers disclose their financial records, including details on executive pay and entertainment expenditures. Members of three of the committees to receive this information have also collected millions from these companies for their campaigns.
Committee Members Speak Out–Or Stay Mum–On Health Care
July 9, 2009 | Over the past three weeks, Capital Eye has contacted members of five Capitol Hill committees responsible for drafting health care reform legislation this summer. Here are their responses (and non-responses) and the money they're collecting from various industries.
Tracking Your Representatives' Health Care Cash
June 25, 2009 | Here's a cool tool that brings together data from various parts of OpenSecrets.org to show how much money each current lawmaker has raised from various health-related industries and the health sector overall since 1989 (including President Obama's haul).
Feel free to distribute or cite this material, but please credit the Center for Responsive Politics. For permission to reprint for commercial uses, such as textbooks, contact the Center.


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I Am a Student
As students, many of us are frustrated with drug education scare tactics full of exaggerations and inaccuracies. We want drug education that is credible and encourages critical questioning.
We have seen too many of our classmates and friends cast out of the school community under zero-tolerance policies that ignore the welfare of people who need help.
Youth and Student Issues
Drug Facts
Marijuana Arrests
Number of marijuana arrests in 2014.


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