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spectroscopy group
- Introduction
Luminescence spectroscopy is the spectroscopy of excited systems which are in the process of decaying. Excited systems on the way down to the ground state have often the chance to take alternate routes. Each step on the way down may include two mutually exclusive events: radiative and non-radiative decays. The probabilities of the two events add up to the total probability of decay.
Every luminescent system is particular and differs from all others. Even if the energy level schemes of two luminescent systems are similar, their kinetic behavior may be very different.
The luminescence centers in solids are connected to the host and can in principle provide information regarding the collective excitations of the solid, such as phonons.
Luminescence spectroscopy relies on four basic measurements:
1. Absorption spectra
2. Luminescence spectra
3. Excitation spectra
4. Response to pulsed excitation
Technical improvements or breakthroughs, while providing better and faster acquisition of data, have not, and most probably will not, produce any "conceptually new" addition to these four basic measurements.
- How We Measure
a. Absorption Spectra
We use an absorption spectrophotometer, which provides spectra in optical density (OD) or in percentage of transmission. The information is connected to small changes in the intensity of a large signal.
b. Luminescence spectra
The exciting sources are lamps (which provide wide band excitation) or lasers (which provide selective excitation). For CW sources, a combined chopper and lock-in amplifier is used. For pulsed sources, a boxcar integrator is used. The detection is done with a photomultiplier or an infrared detector. The advantage of these measurements is that they are absolute in the sense that they emerge from the zero line.
c. Excitation spectra
We monitor a certain line while continuously varying the wavelength of the exciting light. A small monochromator is set between this source (generally a wide-source ribbon lamp) and the sample. A filter is set between the sample and the detector to select the particular line under observation. The combined chopper and lock-in amplifier is used since the source is generally continuous. In principle, with a pulsed source, a boxcar integrator could be used. The detection is done by a photomultiplier or an IR detector.
d. Response to Pulsed Excitation
For a broad band excitation a flash tube is used. For a selective excitation we generally use a pulsed laser. Alternatively a combined flash-lamp and interference filter can be used. We monitor the decay of a particular line by putting an interference filter between the sample and the detector.
If the excitation goes through n steps before reaching the initial level of the transition under observation, the decay contains (n+1) exponentials. Some of these exponentials may not be observed because they are too fast.
The detection is done by a photomultiplier or an IR detector. The measurement may be done directly from an oscilloscope or by means of a boxcar integrator.
- Resources
The laboratory setup for the measurements for pulsed excitation and for continuous source are available. The absorption spectrophotometer is not shown in the drawings because it is a stand-alone instrument and does not interact with any of the components shown in the figures. In the following paragraphs each component will be briefly described.
3.1. Major Equipment
a. Absorption Spectrophotometer
The UV/VIS /NIR spectrophotometer in our laboratory is a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 9. It is a fully automatic ratio-recording double-beam, double-monochromator spectrometer.
For each monochromator there are two gratings with 1440 lines/mm and 360 lines/mm for UV/VIS and NIR ranges respectively. The sources are deuterium lamp for UV range and tungsten-halogen for the VIS/NIR ranges. The detectors are a photomultiplier for the UV/VIS range and a PbS detector for NIR range. The useable wavelength range is from 185 to 3200 nm with an accuracy of 0.2 and 0.8 nm for UV/VIS and NIR ranges respectively, and a repeatability of 0.05 and 0.2 nm for the same ranges. The system can be operated in three modes: time drive, scan, and wavelength. Parameters for the three modes are programmed into the computer for the instrument. The output is in a standard RS-232 bi-directional format.
b. Monochromator
Our laboratory is equipped with a McPherson model 2051 one-meter scanning monochromator. The instrument is fitted with a 600 groove/mm grating, blazed at 1.25 µm. It has a resolution and wavelength resetability of 0.1 A with repeatability of +/- 0.05 A. The dispersion is 8.33 A/mm with a 1200 groove/mm grating. The scan controller used is model 789A-3, allowing to set the scanning speed,manually with a thumbwheel from 0.1 to 999.9 angstroms per minute. Samples are scanned to a maximum wavelength of 15,740 A. The entrance and exit slits are adjustable from 5 µm to 2 mm.
c. Nitrogen Laser
The nitrogen laser is a convenient and economical way to pump the dye laser. It produces a short, nanosecond ultraviolet (337.1 nm) pulse. Our laser is a Molectron UV 12, capable of up to 50 pulses per second (pps). A capacitor of 20 nF at 20kV is discharged across the nitrogen gas column by a thyratron, type JAN 8613. The average output power is 90 mW, with a pulsed energy of 2.5 mJ at 20 pps. The output pulse is nominally 10 ns (FWHM).
d. Dye Laser
The dye laser is the Molectron DL 14. A basic dye laser consists of an oscillator cavity with grating, front mirror, beam expander, cuvette dye cell and nitrogen beam focusing lens. To increase system efficiency, beam quality and amplitude stability, the DL 14 model adds to it a dye amplifier assembly, and beamsplitters. These additions are important for narrowband and frequency doubling applications. The tuning range of the laser is 360-950 nm, with an absolute accuracy of 0.2 nm and a reproducibility of 0.01 nm. The energy conversion efficiency is 15% with an amplitude stability of 5%. The output pulse duration is 6 to 8 ns in the fundamental mode and 3 to 4 ns in the frequency doubled mode.
e. Argon Laser
The CW laser in the spectroscopy laboratory is the Argon-ion laser, the Omnichrome model 532. This CW air-cooled laser is capable of providing 300 mW of output power. The instrument is a positive column gas discharge laser using singly ionized argon as the optical gain medium. Its plasma tube is a rugged metal-ceramic device. The resonator is a cast aluminum alloy to stable performance and pointing stability. Laser output is produced in nine, selectable wavelengths, from 454 to 514 nm. We use all wavelengths in our experiments.
f. Ti-Sapphire Laser
The laboratory is equipped with a Schwartz Electro-Optics Titan-P pulsed, tunable Ti-sapphire laser. It can be tuned from 680 nm to 940 nm, and produces 10 ns pulses with energies up to ~100 mJ. The system is typically operated at 10 Hz. It is equipped with a second harmonic generator crystal, resulting in laser pulses between 350 nm and 430 nm. The resonator utilizes two Ti-sapphire crystals, a multiple prism tuning system, and a graded reflectivity mirror as the output coupler in an unstable resonator configuration. The Ti-sapphire crystals are pumped with a frequency-doubled pulse from a Q-switched Nd:YAG oscillator/amplifier system, thus also making accessible laser pulses at both 1064 nm and 532 nm.
3.2. Detectors
a. Infrared Detector
The IR detector used in continuous optical signal is of the Indium-Antimonide (InSb) type. This is a sensitive and fast (7 ns) photodiode with useful spectral range from 1 µm to 5.4 µm. The one we are using is the Kolmar Technologies model KISDP-1-J1/DC. It is a 1x1 mm photodiode integrated with a pre-amplifier whose bandwidth is from DC to 15 MHz. The responsivity of the detector is better than 2x10E4 V/W and a spectral response (D*) of 1E11. The Dewar can be funnel-filled with liquid nitrogen that can hold the temperature for 12 hours.
b. Photomultiplier Tube (PMT)
The photomultiplier tubes used are the Hamamatsu types R1387 and 7102. The useful spectral response is from 300 to 850 nm (S-20) curve for the R1387, and 400 to 1200 nm (S-1) for the 7102. The PMT is powered by a bench-top variable power supply. The voltage is adjusted, as required, to prevent saturation of the output. The output current of the PMT is proportional to the voltage applied to the bleeder ladder network. Cooling for the PMT is provided by a thermoelectric cooler that cools the tube to about 50 deg. C below ambient.
3.3. Sample Environment
a. Cryogenic Cooler
The cryogenic refrigerator operates on the Gifford-McMahon (GM) principle using a closed helium gas cycle. The advantage of the GM is that the compressor unit can be separated from the cold head which is part of the sample chamber, thus allowing the flexibility of mounting the cold head in any position. The compressor and the cold head are connected with pressure flexible tubing. The system is filled with helium to a pressure of 16 bar, capable of cooling the sample to 20 K.
b. Vacuum System
The vacuum system lowers the pressure of the sample chamber to about 2x10-5 Torr in two stages. In the first stage, a mechanical "roughing" pump achieves about 30 microns of vacuum. The pressure is further lowered by a second stage consisting of a compact air-cooled diffusion pump, capable of 1x10-6 Torr for small volumes.
c. Sample Chamber
The sample chamber was manufactured by Janis. The sample can be easily mounted on a pedestal and adjusted for orientation with the monochromator input FOV and the light source beam. It has five optical windows for versatility of beam positioning and steering. The sample can be cooled to about 20 K in a vacuum of 10-5 Torr. Because of the vibration and noise generated by the cryogenic pump, the sample chamber is mounted on a concrete column standing on the floor, weighing over 200 pounds. The column is adjustable for the correct sample position in the line of sight with the monochromator input slit.
3.4. Signal Conditioning
a. Pre-Amplifier
The output current of the PMT anode is read, as a voltage, with a load resistor with respect to ground potential. The effective bandwidth (BW) of the output pulse is inversely proportional to the product of the resistor and all parasitic capacitance in the PMT output circuit, including cabling. Thus to increase the bandwidth, an amplifier is put close to the PMT output and the load resistor is made as small as possible. The pre-amplifier is home-made using an ultra-low distortion, high speed integrated circuit, the Analog Devices AD 8008. The chip has a bandwidth specification of 230 MHz for a 2x voltage gain. With the pre-amplifier in place the PMT output is 50 to 1000 W, depending on the output signal strength. The pre-amp gain can be two or twenty. The pre-amp is powered by AA cells.
b. Chopper
The chopper is placed at the entrance of the monochromator continuous wave (CW) optical signal. In essence, the mechanical chopper, operated at nominally 250 Hz, becomes carrier frequency of the optical signal, thus removing all the DC biases introduced by the instrumentation and amplifiers.
c. Lock-in Amplifier
The purpose of this instrument is to amplify the low level AC signal of the PMT output, when the signal is chopped, and demodulate it to recover the base-band optical signal. In this set-up we use the EG&G Model 5206. It has a 1µV to 5 V rms input sensitivity, with a carrier frequency of 0.2 Hz to 200 kHz. Signal to reference phase shift control can be in 0.025 degree steps from 0 to 360 degree C.
3.5. Data Acquisition
a. Box-Car Sampling System
While there are new computer methods to acquire continuous pulsed signals, the spectroscopy laboratory is equipped with a dependable and proven signal sampling system known as a box-car averager. It is basically a sample-and-hold circuit which integrates the signal during a sampling window and then stores it. The sampling window and its position in the signal can be selected as desired. For repetitive signals, the sampling window is shifted forward at a new portion of the signal during the next cycle. A set of samples is thus accumulated during the time of interest in the signal. The sampling window width and the delay are set on the panel of the box-car averager. In this manner background noise is not integrated because the signal is captured only during the time of interest, and the sample-and-hold integrator removes fluctuations (noise) during this time. This method of signal capturing is particularly suitable when the repetitive signal is a very small fraction of the duty cycle. The signal is captured with a set of samples only in the interval of interest, and then averaged over many cycles.
The instruments used are the Signal Recovery Model 4121B, with the dual A/D converter module 4161A. This system is capable of 1.5 ns sampling gate width, an input bandwidth of 450 MHz and a signal repetition rate of 80 kHz, maximum. The spectroscopy laboratory has recently acquired LabView data acquisition software from National Instruments. The instruments above can be interfaced with LabVIEW compatible software drivers so that the data logging will be more automated. The gate width and delay can also be controlled by LabVIEW software with Delay Generator Model 9650A.
b. Data Logging Computer
The output of the box-car averaging system is sent to a data logging computer that is programmed to generate plots of intensity vs. wavelength. These plots are formatted to be published in reports. When we introduce LabVIEW, the data logging control and programming will be done using a graphical interface to the program.


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Aspinwall planning commission hears townhouse proposal
A townhouse plan is the latest proposal for a two-acre piece of land off Center Avenue in Aspinwall.
Initial plans for Overlook Court, a 14-unit development, were presented to the borough planning commission last week.
Members of the planning commission did not make a recommendation as more detailed plans will be prepared.
The site has been the location for previous proposals that failed.
Developer Karl Smith previously attempted to build complexes at the site. Those plans featured more units and led to a lawsuit against the borough.
Bob Stern of Center Avenue Development, the owner of the property who was not involved in the previous proposals, is confident the current proposal is possible.
"This should work," Stern said.
Steve Victor of Victor-Wetzel Associates, the architect for the project, said multiple styles of townhomes would be offered to appeal to a variety of prospective residents.
"The opportunity here is to draw really two different lifestyles," Victor said.
Access to the site would be through a private road. A sprinkler system would be installed for fire protection.
A formal application will be presented before the project can move forward. Stern has said he hopes to start work next year. He said he doesn't want cause any issues with existing homes in the area.
He said that the proposal fits in well with the community.
"It's not low-rent housing," Stern said. "Hopefully it won't create the buzz it did in the past."
Tom McGee is an associate editor for Trib Total Media. He can be reached at 412-856-7400, ext. 1513 or firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 9/7/14
Matt Kenseth says NASCAR's penalties against his team are ''grossly unfair'' and ''borderline shameful.'' Kenseth's team was hit with some of the harshest penalties NASCAR has handed out on Wednesday after his race-winning engine at Kansas failed the post-race inspection. He says one of eight connecting rods on the engine was too light - by 2.7 grams. Kenseth was docked 50 driver points in the standings - two more than he earned for the victory. But he says he's angrier about the penalties given to Gibbs and crew chief Jason Ratcliff. Both were suspended six weeks. Gibbs also had his owner points frozen, and Ratcliff was fined $200,000. The points penalty dropped Kenseth from eighth to 14th in the standings.
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Dwarakish's Vishnuvardhana, which was rumoured to be a biopic of Dr Vishnuvardhan, has no connection with the late Sandalwood matinee idol except the names of the lead stars - Vishnuvardhana and Bharathi. In fact, the movie is a tribute to the superstar and the makers of the film have tried to attract his fan following for commercial reasons.
Sudeep, Bhavana and Priyamani starrer Vishnuvardhana is a complete family entertainer with all the masala elements. The film kick-starts with a lookalike opening fight scene of Aapthamitra, where Kicha will be seen in Vishnuvardhan's avatar in the first 20 minutes.
Vishnuvardhana (Sudeep) is the son of a washerman but does not want to be like his father rather dreams of earning million bucks. His friend Shastri (Arun Sagar) predicts his future and claims that his fortunes will change soon. As his sidekick said, his luck changes and he accidentally gets a mobile phone of don Aadishesha (Sonu Sood).
The cell phone brings him Rs 50 lakhs instantly and the cat & mouse game between Vishu-Aadi begins from now. The frustrated baddie is after Vishnu's blood but the latter continues to give the former hard times. Meanwhile, the hero falls in love with Bharathi (Bhavana) and their love blooms in no time. When the audience think that the movie is heading in a conventional way, Priyamani brings in a twist to the tale. In the second half, there is an interesting sub-plot that connects with the main story in the end.
The movie tries to appeal all sections of audience. With the good content and direction, Vishnuvardhana manages to entertain the viewers all through. The movie completely belongs to Sudeep and he shines in every frame. Be it in comedy scenes or serious, the actor brings out every expressions from the book. The other actor to match his calibre is Arun Sagar. In fact, in the sequences that they share together, Arun overshadows Sudeep with his one-liners.
Actress Bhavana looks cute and she is good in her role. Priyamani, in her brief character, has given glam quotient. Sonu Sood was not required for the role of the antagonist as any other Kannada actor could have done the same. Rest other characters are okay. Technically, two songs and the background score are good. Cinematography by Raja Rathnam is okay. But Gautham Raju's editing is poor. He has completely failed to give a flow in the narration and he could have reduced the movie duration by at least 15 minutes. Finally, debutant director Kumar has done an excellent job. Though, there are quite a few jerks in the screenplay and some minor mistakes in the story telling, his neat presentation makes it a worth watch.
Verdict: Vishnuvardhana has a good story and dialogues that engage you till the end. Watch the movie with your family.
Cast: Sudeep, Bhavana, Priyamani, Arun Sagar, Sonu Sood, Ninasam Ashwath, Sangeetha, Dwarakish and others.
Director: P Kumar
Music: V Harikrishna
Cinematography: Rajarathnam
Producer: Dwarakish
Released on: December 9


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Executive Summary County Executive Leggett's Senior Summit
Preparatory work for the Senior Summit included two strategic planning processes conducted in collaboration with outside consultants. Phase I (completed in May 2007) was a report titled Imagining an Aging Future for Montgomery County, Maryland, developed by Towson University Center for Productive Aging. Phase II (completed October 2007), titled Senior Outreach Strategic Communications Report, was developed by Reingold, Inc. Both reports found "widespread satisfaction among seniors and their caregivers with the programs and services the County provides" (Reingold, 2007). However, both reports underscored the need to (1) improve both internal and external communication about the range of available services to seniors and caregivers; and (2) establish a mechanism for improving coordination and collaboration among County departments and with private partners responsible for delivering senior services.
In light of the findings of these reports and the awareness that the senior population is projected to nearly double between 2000 and 2030, County Executive Leggett convened department directors for a day long retreat on May 14, 2008 to focus on how Montgomery County Government, in partnership with private providers and the faith community, can promote vital aging for all its seniors. On this date, he also established the Senior Sub-cabinet on Vital Aging and directed that a Senior Summit be convened in November 2008. The purpose of the summit would be to identify priority issues affecting the senior population, develop strategies and action plans to meet current and future needs, and take the first steps towards developing collaborative relationships between County departments and community stakeholders to ensure that Montgomery County is a good place for older adults to live and retire.
Under the leadership of the Senior Sub-cabinet on Vital Aging, preparations for the Senior Summit began in June 2008. White Papers on critical issues were developed modeled after the national Blueprint for Action: Developing a Livable Community for All Ages, a joint product of the National Association of Area Agencies on Aging and Partners for Livable Communities with funding from the MetLife Foundation. The eight topic areas addressed were: Health and Wellness, Housing and Zoning, Home and Community Supports, Civic and Social Engagement, Transportation, Safety, Employment, and Communication and Outreach. Pre-summit work groups comprised of public and private stakeholders were convened on each of these eight topics to brainstorm and prioritize recommendations. The result of this process was that the work groups developed a total of 188 unique recommendations, with 87 of them collapsed by participants into 28 broad recommendations for further discussion and prioritization at the Summit.
The actual Senior Summit was a daylong event held on November 20, 2008, on the University of Maryland at Shady Grove campus attended by nearly 300 stakeholders. County Executive Leggett devoted his entire day to attending the Summit, sharing his vision of the County as it relates to senior issues and learning from other participants. County Council members George Leventhal and Roger Berliner spoke on behalf of the County Council, and U.S. Senator Barbara Mikulski had a staff member speak on her behalf. The invited luncheon speaker was Sandy Markwood, Chief Executive Officer, National Association of area Agencies on Aging; whose presentation was titled, The Maturing of Montgomery County: How The County Can Prepare to Effectively Meet the Needs of its Aging Population.
Participants at the Summit prioritized the 28 recommendations by popular vote, than broke up into work groups to brainstorm action steps that could help the County achieve the goals of the recommendations. This process produced 177 different potential action steps for further consideration.
In order to move forward with a coherent and organized implementation plan, the Senior Sub-Cabinet tasked the Consolidation and Feasibility Task Force to review all the Summit and Pre-Summit materials and submit a list of consolidated and integrated recommended action steps that are feasible and realistic.
The Task Force in reviewing the materials found that the actions steps produced at the Summit were in reality a mixture of: action steps, principles and additional recommendations. Given the mandate to identify specific and concrete implementation steps, the Task Force went through the material item by item to collapse them into discrete action steps. As a result of this process the 177 recommendations emerging from the Summit were initially consolidated into 123 discrete action steps.
As part of the review process it also became apparent that the work produced by participants in the Summit and Pre-Summit process represented an integrated mixture of two intimately related concepts: 1) goals and outcomes related to improved quality of life for the senior population, and 2) processes and actions that enable those goals and outcomes to be achieved. It was deemed essential to take both factors into consideration because goals without steps to achieve them were insubstantial, and actions without goals were a recipe for inefficiency. Through this process the 177 Summit recommendations, which were consolidated into 123 action steps, were further distilled into 46 potential action items; with the awareness that many of these items were applicable across multiple goals. For example, "investigate best practices and determine if they can be applied in County" was a single action bullet but it could reasonably be applied to each of the substantial outcome categories developed.
The final step undertaken by the Task Force was to look for cross cutting initiatives that were feasible given current constrained resources that would allow for realization of the principle goals while addressing the issue of sub-optimal collaboration among County departments. Upon review, nine major potential initiatives emerged from the mass of recommendations. These nine initiatives, along with the major recommendations of each of the topical workgroups are submitted as part of this final report.
It is important to note that aside from the discrete recommendations and action steps, the Senior Summit process elicited a number of consistent principles or themes that should be inherent in any steps taken by the County. The major principles identified were:
- Diversity: Any actions must be sensitive to the diversity of the senior population. The senior population (regardless of whether defined as age 60+ or age 65+) is extremely diverse, with diversity to be understood not merely in terms of race and ethnicity, but also along the lines of language, disability, age, income and resources.
- Partnerships: County government cannot and should not expect to do this work alone. In order to achieve the goals and outcomes stated, the County must have the active involvement of its private sector partners (non-profits, business community, faith communities, etc.) and residents.
- Civic Engagement: The skills, time, and wisdom of older adults represents one of the growing renewable resources available to our communities. Given the projected increase in needs for some of our most vulnerable residents, and the constraints on public dollars, many of the proposed efforts will require volunteer commitments in order to create a stronger and more responsive community.
- Planning: In order to optimize the effectiveness and efficiency of services the County must make every effort to identify and implement evidence based and best practices.
- Accountability: Mechanisms must be in place to ensure that action steps are implemented and progress toward goal attainment measured. Implicit in these recommendations is that actions are inter-departmental in nature; hence some centralized oversight process must be in place to ensure that actions do not "fall between the cracks."
March 2009


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My Philosophy and Approach to Wellness...To give my patients the best, I blend technical expertise and years of experience; add large doses of empathy and time, and deliver what I feel we all want-medical care that is timely, accurate and personalized.
- 402-556-3000
- 3440 South 50th Street
- Omaha, NE 68106
Physician Profile
- Undergraduate
- Georgetown University
- Washington, DC
- Bachelor of Science, Psychology 1975
University of Nebraska at Omaha
- Omaha, NE
- Bachelor of Arts, Chemistry 1983
- Medical School
- Creighton University School of Medicine
- Omaha, NE
- Doctorate of Medicine 1988
- Residency
- Creighton University School of Medicine
- Omaha, NE
- Internal Medicine 1988-1991
- Nebraska
Professional Society Memberships
- Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society
- Alpha Sigma Nu
Hospital Affiliations
- Bergan Mercy Medical Center - Alegent Health
- Creighton University Medical Center
- Select Specialty Hospital
Honors and Awards
- Spirit of Mission Award, Alegent Hospital 2007
- Aescalupian Award 1989
- Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society 1988
- Alpha Sigma Nu 1988
Patient Testimonials
Member: Christopher
I honestly have no idea where I'd be or what my health would be like without Dr. Hutfless. I came to him shortly after becoming ve...
Member: David
The very best personal physician!
Member: Shirley
Dr. Hutfless is the kindest and most considerate and knowledgable Physician. He has taken the time to put me back on the road to ...
Member: Jerri
Dr. Hutfless has been able to give my husband and me more individualized care. When we arrive, we are greeted warmly and are seen...


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The smart parent's guide to packing for a road trip
After getting it wrong so many times before, Caz Makepeace was determined to get organised and pack exactly the right stuff before heading off on her family's latest epic road trip. Now she shares her 17 top packing tips - each one of them learnt the hard way.
When it comes to packing, I've never really considered myself smart. I've made every mistake in the book: over-packed, under-packed, unorganised packed and messy packed.
I don't really have a head for organisation but since being on this long road trip, I have needed to get smart about packing to stay away from the drive into road trip hell.
So here are my top tips for packing – each and every one of them learnt the hard way:
Preparing to pack
1. Working out your outfits before leaving home
Hopefully you have a fair idea of your destination's weather and your intended activities. Create your road trip wardrobe – and those of your family – before you leave. Have an outfit for:
- driving
- outdoor activities
- exercising
- swimming and beach wear
- city exploring
- laze-around outfits
- smart-casual
- something a little fancier
Mix and match to avoid too much luggage. Add in your accessories to create multiple looks and make packing lighter.
2. Menu plan
For shorter road trips, menu plan – including snacks – for the length of your journey. This way you know exactly what cooking equipment and groceries you need to bring with you.
I'm forever having to duck into the store because I forgot to pack some handy kitchen device, like a vegetable peeler!
3. Have a list
Make it and check it twice. A list will help you avoid over-packing and prevent you from forgetting your essentials. Segment your list into areas such as clothes, food and entertainment and then try to think about all possibilities to keep you covered.
You can use this great packing list to help.
Packing your suitcases
4. Pack, cull, pack, cull, pack
Save yourself the hassle of going through the suitcase three weeks into your road trip to cull all that stuff you're not using. Cull it before you leave.
Pack your suitcase and then cull it by at least a third. Then pack it again, and then cull it again. Leave a few hours, or a day, before the second cull. That will give you time to get used to having less and prepare you to make smarter choices the next time round.
Remember the less stuff you have, the less you have to manage, the more time you have for creating amazing memories.
5. Pack in layers, according to seasons
This is a great strategy for those who are changing seasons while travelling. Or you can look at the weather report in advance and pack according to that. So if it's warm weather and blue skies ahead, pack your jumpers, raincoats and joggers at the bottom of the suitcase.
6. Use packing cells
The most efficient way to pack a suitcase is to use packing cells, otherwise you'll suffer from suitcase explosion syndrome and go insane. They seriously saved my packing life.
Separate the different clothing styles into each cell: dresses in one, T-shirts in another and so on, so it's easy to find what you're looking for. I think it's a great idea to label these cells for easy reference so you don't have to pull everything out of the suitcase.
7. Have a separate toiletries bag
Have a separate bag for your toiletries, your make up and your jewellery. These small items will be hard to find if packed into your suitcase. I have an extra-large one and just pull it out of my bag when it's bathing time.
8. Use your separate compartments for little things
Use the separated zipped compartments in your suitcase for your undies, bras and socks, or any other small, everyday items. It makes them very easy to find and pull out when you need. You could also have separate packing cells for these, but I saved my money and use what the suitcase has created for me.
9. Use the front compartments for easy access
Don't forget the front zippered compartments on your suitcase. Use these to put things you need to access to while travelling; this will stop you having to unzip your bag and create packing chaos while you're in transit.
10. Pack a small suitcase with everyone's clothes for the required days
If you're accommodation hopping, save your sanity and pack a small suitcase with the required clothes for each family member for the length of stay. This will avoid the hard and tiresome work of packing and unpacking the car with endless bags of stuff.
Packing the car
11. Use plastic tubs
We have a tub for our cooking utensils, a tub for dry goods, a tub for canned goods and sauces. We also have beach gear in a bag so we can easily pull it out when needed.
12. Pack like with like
Always pack like items together and those you'll use more often in the same tub. When you pack your car, put the tubs you need less access to at the back of the boot or on the bottom of the stack. This will save you having to unpack the entire boot to get to that one thing you need.
13. Store up top
If you are travelling long-term or have a lot of stuff, consider a Sky Box, which sits on top of your car. We pack our suitcases in ours. It's also great for tents, chairs and any long pieces of equipment. There are weight restrictions so make sure you know these to avoid overfilling.
14. Pack the gaps and use the compartments
Filling the gaps between luggage with towels, pillow and linen not only saves space but it also helps to stop everything moving around. Use the compartments in your car to pack smaller items that you need easy access to. We put our tools, washing powder, pegs and ropes in our boot drawers.
Packing for the drive
15. Have a toy box in the back seat for the kids
Our girls have a toy box each in front of them so they can access their toys. We also put books and pencils in the pocket in front of them. They also have their guitars in the middle seat behind them – this has been quite a calming life saver for us. (You can read more about how not to kill each other on a road trip here.)
16. Have a bag of food prepared in the car
Pack a bag of snacks and food for the long drives. You can read some healthy snack ideas here. A great idea is to pack a lunch box for each child. Then they have control over when they eat and where.
Before you head off, make sure each child has a water bottle within reach. The Nissan X-Trail has water bottle holders all over the car, which is a God-send as is the coffee cup holder on the dashboard. Make sure that is full before you drive off, too!
17. Have a day-pack ready to go
Forward-plan for the day ahead. Have everything you'll need stored in a day-pack so you don't even have to go near the boot or your suitcases. We have a bag packed with our camera equipment or electronics and one for nappies, food and spare clothes.
Make a smaller list of what you will need based on the activities of the day and have it prepared before you leave. That way you can just grab and go explore – no hassle!
So that's it! It might not seem like something as small as packing could make or break your road trip but it can. It can cause a lot of frustration, tiredness and grumpiness for all travellers. By packing smartly, you'll make it way easier on yourself and you'll get to do what you set out to — have a memorable time with those you love.
What's your best smart packing tip?
Get even more road trip tips from Kidspot:
- 8 tips to help you survive long road trips with kids
- 12 reasons to go on a family road trip
- How to survive family road trips with friends
More packing advice:
- Case study: Top tips on packing your bags from The Sydney Morning Herald
- 21 packing rules for travelling with kids from Frommer's
- Kids road trip essentials checklist from Real Simple


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Yasir Arafat is in but in doubt.
Pat Cummins and Alfonso Thomas are wanted but out.
Nathan Coulter-Nile is wanted even more but in doubt.
And Ryan Duffield will be out for months.
As Perth Scorchers coach Justin Langer prepares to take his Champions League squad to India next month, identifying his preferred pace attack has proved a big challenge.
And that task got tougher on Wednesday when Duffield, the bullocking left-armer, tore a hamstring tendon so badly that he may not play before the new year.
Perth could not consider Cummins, the young tearaway who helped the Scorchers win the Big Bash League, after his IPL franchise Kolkata Knight Riders co-opted his services.
The WACA will receive $200,000 compensation for Cummins' absence but will not be able to replace his speed and subtlety with new and old ball.
Coulter-Nile is capable of matching Cummins' impact and he has recovered well enough from hamstring surgery two months ago to be named in the Scorchers squad. But he is not guaranteed to travel to India, and given Cricket Australia's interest in him as a likely one-day international this summer, he may be kept in cottonwool until the home season.
"We will give him until the very last day," Langer said. "Coults is a key player but is still 50-50."
Arafat yesterday re-signed with the Scorchers for the next Big Bash and will take part at the Champions League if he can get a visa in time.
But Somerset again refused to release seamer Thomas.
Perth have had limited luck with their internationals at the lucrative tournament.
Herschelle Gibbs, who just survived an attempt to sack him, proved a major distraction during the disastrous event in South Africa two years ago. No overseas player was part of the campaign last year.
Perth's need for power hitters at the top of the order means Craig Simmons is a mandatory selection this time around despite his move to the Adelaide Strikers on a three-year deal worth at least $400,000.
Mitch Marsh will also return to the team and his likely position in the top four. His impact as a first-choice seamer may allow Perth to play an extra spinner in most games.
Veteran Brad Hogg was squeezed from the team in last year's tournament when Marsh's absence with a hamstring injury forced Perth to rejig their line-up.
Hogg's success in the Caribbean Premier League this winter prompted Langer to give the 43-year-old another season in the Big Bash.
"Hoggy's energy and impact are impossible to manufacture and he brings so much atmosphere to the team," Langer said.
The squad will have a camp in Brisbane next week before travelling to the first match in Chandigarh next month.
Likely Champions League squad: *Adam Voges (capt.), Ashton Agar, Yasir Arafat, Tim Armstrong, Michael Beer, Jason Behrendorff, Hilton Cartwright, Nathan Coulter-Nile, Brad Hogg, Mitch Marsh, Joel Paris, Craig Simmons, Ashton Turner, Sam Whiteman.
Coults is a key player but is still 50-50." *Justin Langer *


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- As it happened
- England overcomes disaster start
- Recipe for success still eludes Alastair Cook
- Manuka makeover attracts admirers
James Muirhead bowled a delivery that could draw comparisons with Shane Warne's ''Ball of the Century'' to dismiss Mike Gatting in 1993, and Brett Lee thinks the leg-spinner is a ''huge find for the Australian set-up''.
Muirhead claimed three important England wickets, and could have had a five-wicket haul but for a close leg before wicket call going against him and a dropped catch.
And it wasn't just the 20-year-old's 3-52 from 10 overs that impressed Lee, it was the ''good head on his shoulders'' as well.
Muirhead claimed the scalps of Gary Ballance (56), Eoin Morgan and Ravi Bopara.
He also hit England match-winner Jos Buttler (61) on the pad first ball, only for the umpire to adjudge it was just going down leg side.
But it was the Morgan wicket that caught the eye.
Muirhead tossed it up well outside the off stump, and Morgan thrust his pad at it, only to watch it spin back sharply and rattle his castle. In the same over, he got one to kick up, striking wicketkeeper Peter Handscomb in the face and convincing him to call for a helmet.
It summed up the spin and bounce he was able to extract from the new Manuka pitch.
''He bowls with confidence, I like him,'' Lee said.
''He's got a good head on his shoulders, he's smart in terms of the way he sets his field.
''He knows what he wants to do and I really like that about a guy coming through.
''He's definitely a huge find for the Australian set-up in years to come … he certainly hasn't hurt his chances of going to the next level at some stage.''
Man-of-the-match Buttler admitted to having a nervous wait when Muirhead rapped him on the pads first ball. It would have had England on the ropes at 6-129.
But Buttler survived and his partnership with Tim Bresnan proved the difference.
The pair had an 80-run union that put the game beyond the reach of the PM's XI.
''He bowled well and obviously had a bit of a bag of tricks,'' Buttler said.


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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (
In this paper, a precise real-time temperature control system based on infrared (IR) thermometry for domestic induction cooking is presented. The temperature in the vessel constitutes the control variable of the closed-loop power control system implemented in a commercial induction cooker. A proportional-integral controller is applied to establish the output power level in order to reach the target temperature. An optical system and a signal conditioning circuit have been implemented. For the signal processing a microprocessor with 12-bit ADC and a sampling rate of 1 Ksps has been used. The analysis of the contributions to the infrared radiation permits the definition of a procedure to estimate the temperature of the vessel with a maximum temperature error of 5 °C in the range between 60 and 250 °C for a known cookware emissivity. A simple and necessary calibration procedure with a black-body sample is presented.
Induction cooktops are becoming one of the most popular appliances due to their safety, cleanliness, and high cooking performance [
In commercial induction hobs, the control system is based on a closed-loop control [
High performance measurement systems would consist on temperature sensors placed inside the cookware, but this solution is not user-friendly. Alternative solutions have been proposed in order to overcome this drawback. One of those consists of a temperature measurement system based on a thermistor located under the glass-ceramic where the steady-state cookware temperature is assumed equal to the temperature of the in-contact glass [
The aim of this work is to describe the main features of a temperature control system based on an IR temperature sensor proposed in preceding works [
The temperature measurement system, shown in
The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 introduces some theoretical background about the operational characteristics of the IR sensor depending on the temperatures and emissivities of the cookware and the glass-ceramic, respectively. Section 3 describes the electronic implementation of the proposed measurement system as well as the closed-loop power control and the calibration procedure of the IR sensor applied to compensate the effect of the glass-ceramic. Section 4 provides several experimental results in order to evaluate the main features of the proposed system. Finally, in Section 5 the main conclusions are drawn.
The temperature sensor is based on the detection of the infrared radiation by an extended range InGaAs PIN photodiode with a spectral responsivity up to 2,600 nm. A detailed analysis of the theoretical background given in the following subsections can be found in [
The model to analyze the thermal radiation of a metallic surface, (the bottom of the cookware), considered as a grey body of spectral emissivity,
The total emission of the cookware/glass-ceramic system can be modeled through the addition of four signal contributions, as shown in
The four contributions to
The optical temperature sensor system is shown in
Assuming the independency with respect to the wavelength of the emissivity, the reflectance and the transmittance of the glass-ceramic and the cookware (grey body approach) in the region from 1,200 to 2,600 nm, the output voltage,
The expression
The temperature
The implementation of the IR sensor electronics and temperature control system are explained as follows:
Previous works demonstrate the usefulness of IR thermometry for cooking purposes within the range of frying temperatures ranging from 140 to 180 °C [
InGaAs PIN photodiodes are photovoltaic detectors having p-n junctions just like Si photodiodes. InGaAs PIN photodiodes possesses a wider sensitivity wavelength range than Si photodiodes due to their smaller energy gap. Consequently, infrared detectors with spectral response ranges with a long wavelength cut-off at 2,600 nm are available in the market. In this work, the InGaAs PIN J23T E2-66C-R 01M-2.6, supplied by Teledyne Judson Technologies (Montgomeryville, PA, USA) was selected, with enhanced spectral responsivity up to 2,600 nm.
The output signal provided by the detector is low (a few nanoamperes), therefore, the amplification and filtering of the signal is needed prior to the processing of the signal. With this purpose, a wide variety of amplifier configurations can be selected based on noise, bandwidth, offset, and linearity.
The system represented in
Note that highly effective feedback loop can be built relatively small values of resistances [
An additional benefit of the resistive tee-network is the reduction by a factor of (1 +
The second stage post-amplifies and filters the output signals of the first stage with a very low cut-off frequency filter because the signal of interest is
Finally, the output voltage,
The cut-off frequency of the first stage is limited by the gain bandwidth product due to the high gain factor. The capacitor
The experimental setup shown in
In steady state at low power levels, the temperature distribution is more uniform than in heating transients. However, the temperature distribution is non-uniform at high power levels. To avoid this phenomenon in these kinds of heaters, the IR sensor and the thermocouple must be located at the same radial point. Radial point with maximum temperature has been selected.
The measurement procedure has been automated in order to acquire a large amount of experimental data. A data acquisition system (Agilent 34972A, Agilent Technologies Inc, SANTA CLARA, CA, USA) is used to store the information given by the thermocouple. Information relating to the glass-ceramic temperature and IR output voltage is obtained from the microprocessor. Microprocessor PIC24EP64GP206 of Microchip Technology (Chandler, AZ, USA) has been used, with 12-bit ADC and a sampling rate of 1 Ksps. A proportional-integral control is applied to control the output power level in order to reach the target temperature.
The main purpose of the software is to control the data acquisition process and to manage the acquired data. MATLAB is adopted as the programming language. The software of the monitoring system permits the configuration of the system and displays different data.
The calibration of the IR sensor is required to obtain accurate temperature measurements in actual induction heating systems. Parameters
A black-body sample is heated by the induction heating system, and the temperature of the bottom of the sample,
The temperature in the cookware, Tm, is calculated applying
After the calibration of the system was performed according to the previously described procedure, new measurements of the black-body in the temperature ranging from 50 to 250 °C are carried out.
Several test and measurements are carried out in order to validate the reliability and accuracy of the experimental measurements as well as the applicability of IR sensor.
First of all, the IR sensor applied to the domestic induction heating cooktop is tested at temperatures ranging from 60 to 250 °C was carried. In that case, a metal disk sample with emissivity
In a real system, the emissivity of the cookware is not well-known. Cookwares have typical emissivities in the range from 0.2 to 0.9. Estimated errors for the IR sensor temperature assuming different sample emissivities are shown in
As a consequence, accurate estimation of the emissivity of the cookware is required to achieve accurate temperature measurement for all types of cookware because, in that case, the temperature can be determined with a precision of within 5 °C, as shown in
Determination or compensation of emissivity, in real time, can be performed in different ways. First, by multi-wavelength infrared thermometry technique [
Although the efficiency of the power electronics is very high the waste of energy in the cooking process highly decreases the energy efficiency of induction cookers. Improvements in the energy efficiency during the cooking process could be therefore achieved by means of accurate pot temperature control. Control system [
The relationship between the IR sensor temperature and water temperature depends on the boiling conditions determined, among others, by the type of container, volume of water, applied heater power.
Both IR sensor and electrical power information could be very useful to define an automatic boiling point detection algorithm. The thermal transmission properties of the cookware at the boiling process can be extracted from the bottom cookware temperature and the maximum electrical power delivered by the cooktop. The thermal power flow can be derived from electrical the power consumption due to the high efficiency [
In this work, a precise temperature control system based on IR thermometry has been presented. The theoretical analysis of the system includes an algorithm to discount glass-ceramic contribution from the total signal which allows us to obtain the temperature of the cookware with a maximum temperature error of 5 °C in the range between 60 and 250 °C for a known cookware emissivity.
A real-time feedback control of the temperature has been implemented by means of induction hob electrical power. A simple and necessary calibration procedure with a black-body sample is presented.
The accuracy of our model has been tested and confirmed with measurements performed with the proposed system. It has been proved that the IR sensor works properly to stabilize the temperature in the range from 60 to 250 °C in the cookware heats up by commercial domestic induction cookers.
The output signal levels of the proposed system exhibit a moderate dependence on the emissivity of the cookware. Then, it is necessary to know accurately the emissivity of the cookware in order to achieve accurate temperature measurements for all types of cookware. Future works will be oriented in this way, because, by estimating the emissivity of cookware, the temperature can be determined with a precision of within 5 °C.
This work was supported in part by the Spanish MINECO under Grant IPT-2011-1158-920000, in part by the Diputacion General de Aragon through the funding for the Photonics Technologies Group (GTF), and in part by the Bosch and Siemens Home Appliances Group.
Study concept and design: Javier Lasobras, Rafael Alonso, Eduardo Imaz. Acquisition of data: Javier Lasobras. Analysis and interpretation of data: Javier Lasobras, Rafael Alonso, Claudio Carretero. Drafting of the manuscript: Javier Lasobras, Claudio Carretero. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Rafael Alonso, Claudio Carretero. Blackbody and samples development: Enrique Carretero.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Cookware temperature measurement system based on an IR thermometry system which includes IR photodiode (PD), electronic amplifier and algorithm to estimate the temperature.
The four components of the thermal radiation of pan bottom/glass-ceramic system.
Total transmittance,
Dual stage transimpedance amplifier with resistive-tee feedback.
Experimental setup.
Diagram of the temperature control system.
Software interface module.
Experimental setup to measure the black-body temperature,
Black-body temperature,
Calibration curve obtained from theoretical expressions.
IR sensor precision for black-body sample measurment in the temperature range from 50 to 250 °C.
Temperature measured with a thermocouple and the infrared sensor, respectively, for a metal disk sample: (
Estimated IR sensor temperature for different sample emissitivy values.
Electrical power at pre-boiling and boiling points.
Main system characteristics.
|Power control
|Temperature range
|Time response
|Microprocessor Microchip PIC24EP64GP206
|Sampling rate
* Precision for a known cookware emissivity.


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If you're one of the hundreds/thousands of Twitter users who have changed their password/reviewed their Oauth access then there's an update for you.
It turns out Grader was the source of the hacked tweet. They have been quick enough to tweet this;
Working on major issue causing some unauthorized user to tweet on behalf of Twitter Grader users. Sorry folks. We're on it.HubSpot have also been quick with some outreach (outbound communication?). My initial post was commented on by Pamela Seiple, PR Manager, HubSpot. Pamela says;
We're so sorry for the problem you and others experienced caused by some unauthorized user to tweet on behalf of Twitter Grader users today, but we can assure you were working hard (even as we speak) to understand and fix the issue. We'll keep you posted from the @Grader account.My guess is that there was no connection between the password reset of two weeks ago and today. That's good.
Grader is back on my list of connected services (or I missed it on my first whirlwind check) but is marked as suspended.


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A PERVERTED Haslingden grandfather is facing a long stretch behind bars after admitting seven rapes against two school girls.
Colin Dunn, now 63, yesterday pleaded guilty to five charges of rape, dating back to the 1960s, against one victim and two allegations of rape against a second girl, from the 1980s.
Dunn also admitted two counts of indecent assault which occurred in the 1990s, at Burnley Crown Court.
All the offences took place in Haslingden.
The defendant, formerly of Cedar Avenue, Haslingden, is already in jail serving a sentence of two years eight months, imposed last September for child sex offences.
He will be sentenced for the rapes on December 20.
Dunn, who is already on the sex offenders' register for life, was given the prison term he is currently serving after he had admitted sexual assault on a female child under 13 and two counts or causing or inciting a female child under 13 to engage in sexual activity. At the time he had no previous convictions.
The court heard last September that the defendant, described as a loner, was said to have groomed small children so he could sexually abuse them.
Dunn had lured his victims with gifts, giving one girl Easter eggs and a toy and inviting her to look at his animals in his garden.
Hugh Barton, representing Dunn yesterday, told the hearing he was facing a substantial custodial sentence.


text:
£ 125.00
£ 99.00
incl. VAT plus postage and packing
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Roll-neck jumper by Peter Hahn with 7/8-length sleeves. Fashionable, casual style in patent knitting with a loose falling, horizontally knitted collar and wide raglan sleeves. 100% new milled wool. Length approx. 24ins. The jumper is machine washable.


text:
This new technology allows you to buzz on the mouthpiece while you finger the valves or move the slide. Buzz at the exact angle and playing position as you normally play. Problems with air or embouchure become obvious. It's simply the best way to practice. The original is the favorite practice aid of 30,000 brass professionals and students worldwide. Now, after 12 years of research and feedback from loyal users, say hello to the next generation.
REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
Reviewed by 1 customer
Comments about Berp Buzz Extension and Resistance Piece for Trumpet:
Buzzing alone works very well however when you attach the BERP to your instrument rather than holding your mouthpiece with your hand, everything is different- your posture, your breathing, your attack while buzzing using the BERP is like using your instrument without blowing your chops! Highly recommended!


text:
On 17.09.2006 16:08 Alan Shearer wrote:
> Does anyone know if m0n0wall supports multiple internal IP addresses on
> the same interface? I am needing to replace a Cisco Router 1721 that
> does this currently. It's setup with a main internal IP (10.0.0.1/20),
> and then has 10.2.0.1/24, 10.3.0.1/24, and 10.23.0.1/24 as the secondarys.
This should be possible with the hidden option shellcmd:
Just add three tags into the system section like that
<shellcmd>ifconfig fxp0 alias 10.2.0.1/24</shellcmd>


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American made straw hat featuring a woven texture and wide brim.
Agretti Sea Straw Wide Brim Hat styled by the FP Me community
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At its 21 May 2008 meeting, the Teaching, Learning and Assessment Committee (TLAC) discussed nine/ten month Master's programmes in connection with the Bologna Declaration.
TLAC saw value to both the School and particularly students in offering shorter Masters' programmes where these were appropriate. Shorter programmes gave students greater flexibility, allowing them to enter the workplace sooner than under a standard 12-month Masters.
However, TLAC agreed that the Graduate Studies Sub-Committee should apply a set of principles to such proposals when considering them for approval:
Where proposals deviated from such norms, strong justifications - taking note of academic standards - should be made by the proposing department for GSSC's consideration.
If a ten-month Master's programme is approved, a statement should be included in the graduate prospectus, making it clear to prospective students that such programmes are not Bologna-compliant.
Please refer to the Bologna Process for more information.
Reviewed October 2016
Use of this website is subject to, and implies acceptance of, its Terms of use (including Copyright and intellectual property, Privacy and data protection and Accessibility). The London School of Economics and Political Science is a School of the University of London. It is a charity and is incorporated in England as a company limited by guarantee under the Companies Acts (Reg no. 70527).The registered office address of the School is: The London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK; Tel: +44 (0)20 7405 7686


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Baldwin, California coaches resign
Jim Wehner's four-year stay at Baldwin is over.
The district accepted Wehner's resignation as head football coach at Wednesday night's board meeting. Wehner was 10-28 with the Highlanders.
He was previously head coach at Yough and Avonworth.
California's school board also accepted the resignation of football coach Brady Barbero, who resigned for personal reasons.
Other teams without a football coach include Bishop Canevin, Canon-McMillan, Chartiers Valley, East Allegheny, Imani Christian, McKeesport, Northgate, Pine-Richland, Plum and Serra Catholic.
— Chris Harlan


text:
The views were beautiful, beds were so comfortable and the cabanas were equipped with everything that we needed.Jeanne, Ohio
The staff were fabulous!! They went out of their way to accommodate us and make sure we were happy with every detail of our Belize vacation.North Carolina
My favorite part of the beachfront cabana was how the front doors opened wide, inviting the beach into my living room.Minnesota
We found the cabins to be large and very well furnished. Beautiful Belize hardwood adorned the inside of the cabin.California
The cabana was much larger than I expected and the bed was much cozier than many places I've stayed that have higher price tags. The cabanas are very clean and they are well maintained.Connecticut
The highlight is seeing the ocean from the living area and being able to step right into the sand from your cabana.Connecticut
Cabanas - 1 Bedroom
Our charming one-bedroom beachfront cabanas are all air-conditioned with a cozy queen sized bed, and bathroom. There is also a queen-sized bed in the loft, which is equipped with a ceiling fan. The cabana can actually sleep six, as there is a pull out couch in the living area. Beautiful mahogany ceilings, a fridge, microwave, and safe are all included in your beachfront oasis.
The 1 Bedroom Cabana
The aquamarine sea in front of our beach is unbelievably clear and warm the year around. It is teaming with fish. There is world-class fishing in our immediate vicinity including bonefish, permit, tarpon, barracuda, grouper, snappers and multiple other species. On our extensive saltwater flats, anglers have a real opportunity for a Belize Grand Slam...a tarpon, permit and bonefish. Off shore, sailfish, marlin, kingfish and wahoo are prized catches. The beachfront cabanas are all furnished in casual elegance with queen sized beds. Our mattresses are the super comfortable Simmons Beauty Rest, Pillow Top mattresses, like those of "Heavenly Bed" fame. Our linens are high thread count, 100% Egyptian cotton. Our towels are thick and fluffy.


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09597574, Cap
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This is a cap for Chevrolet cars. This cap fits 1 General Motors car models which have been manufactured for US market since 2007 till 2007. This part is genuine General Motors part with GM OEM part number 09597574 and belongs to group #05.858.
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|You are in: Entertainment: Music
Wednesday, 28 August, 2002, 12:56 GMT 13:56 UK
Injured drummer: Crash 'not scary'
The drummer with rock band Ash has spoken for the first time about the bus crash in which he suffered cracked ribs.
Rick McMurray, who presented a prize with his bandmates at the Kerrang! Awards on Tuesday, said he felt "damaged".
McMurray, 27, together with bassist Mark Hamilton, singer Tim Wheeler and guitarist Charlotte Hatherley presented the best album award to Hundred Reasons at the London ceremony on Tuesday.
But he said the collision, which happened while the band were in their tour bus on the way to a gig in the United States, "wasn't scary in the slightest".
"I just woke up to find Charlotte lying on top of me and that was it," he added.
The group, whose hits include Envy and Shining Light, made a late decision to play the Reading Festival on Saturday after a doctor told McMurray that he could only play for 10 minutes.
"It was a bit touch and go whether we would do it, but I'm glad we did," McMurray said.
"It was very enjoyable and great to be sharing a stage with the Foo Fighters."
McMurray praised Foo Fighters leader Dave Grohl, who went from being Nirvana drummer to finding success as singer and guitarist with his latest band.
The Foo Fighters were inducted into the Kerrang! Hall of Fame at the ceremony.
"Dave Grohl has been around for a long time - he deserves it," McMurray said.
See also:
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The speed pak is the most useful box a mover can have. A multi-purpose extra rugged carton designed to be used with the new haven rental dolly for on the spot pack and move. A multi-purpose office & industrial must. Dimensions differ regionally.