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The USC Graduate School
Graduate School Policies and Requirements
AdmissionAdmission to degree or certificate programs in the Graduate School is granted through the USC Office of Graduate Admission, which receives and processes all applications, evaluates credentials and issues notification letters. The Graduate School establishes and monitors the standards under which students are admitted for study in degree programs under its jurisdiction. Admission to the university, under the standards of the Graduate School, is determined by the Office of Graduate Admission on the recommendation of the appropriate academic department. The following are the basic requirements: (1) a Bachelor of Arts degree or its equivalent from an accredited college or university, comparable in standard to that awarded at USC; (2) satisfactory scores on the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE); (3) intellectual promise that indicates an ability to do acceptable graduate work; (4) strong personal qualifications, including good moral character. Credentials for admission must include a complete record of all previous college or university work.
It must be stressed that while every student must be qualified for admission to the Graduate School, the fact of qualification does not guarantee admission. Consequently, the higher an applicant's qualifications, the better the prospects of securing a place are likely to be.
Admission documents are reviewed by the applicant's prospective department. Applicants are advised that individual departments may establish additional admission standards, such as requiring the appropriate GRE Subject Test and letters of recommendation from professors in their major field to the chair of the appropriate department at USC. The applicant should contact the department in which graduate work is to be done for information on supplementary documents required. See the departmental sections of this catalogue.
The Graduate Record ExaminationsAs a supplement to other evidence of an applicant's preparation for successful graduate study, the General Test of the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) is an integral part of the admission procedure. Individual departments may also require the appropriate Subject Test.
The GRE testing program changed significantly with the October 2002 test. The analytical portion of the GRE now requires a writing sample. The results are conveyed to any institution receiving an applicant's test results. Applicants should take the package of General Interest measures containing the Mathematical Reasoning or Quantitative Reasoning Test as appropriate for their intended program.
Test scores on the GRE that are more than five years old at the time of application are not accepted. Students are advised to repeat the GRE if they have not taken the test within five years.
Students who are not residents of the Los Angeles area should inquire at their own institutions concerning times and places the examinations are given. Residents of the Los Angeles area may apply for the examinations at the USC Testing Bureau.
Deadlines and NotificationThe completed application for admission and all required supporting data should be submitted to the Office of Graduate Admission early in the semester preceding that in which the student intends to register. In the case of a student enrolled in the last semester of the baccalaureate program, all credentials, including evidence of work in progress, should be submitted.
Some departments only admit graduate students to begin study in the fall semester and require completed applications as early as December 1. Departmental deadlines are listed in the Application for Graduate Admission booklet. Those who wish to submit applications after the deadline should check with the intended major department first to insure that applications will be accepted. Applications received subsequent to closing dates will be considered for the next available semester.
Notification of an admission decision depends upon the method of application review used in each department. Some departments send an informal notice of departmental recommendation for admission; official notice of admission, however, is sent only by the USC Office of Graduate Admission.
Correspondence with department chairpersons or individual faculty members does not constitute admission. Only a letter from the Office of Graduate Admission grants official admission to a degree objective in the university.
Acceptance with a Degree ObjectiveStudents will be admitted to the Graduate School with a specified degree objective. Admission to a degree objective and permission to enroll in the Graduate School does not imply that the student is or will be automatically guaranteed the right to continue in a degree program or to be a candidate for an advanced degree.
Candidacy for an Advanced DegreeAdmission to graduate study does not imply admission to candidacy for an advanced degree and gives no right or claim to be so admitted. Candidacy is determined after the student has demonstrated by work done at this university the ability to do graduate work with originality and independence.
Classification of Admission StatusStudents who have met all the basic admission requirements and filed all relevant documents with the Office of Graduate Admission are generally admitted to full graduate standing. Occasionally, applicants for admission may lack one of the qualifications listed above or may have difficulty producing appropriate documentation; such students may be conditionally admitted.
Conditional AdmissionConditional admission is a status for those students who have not yet met all requirements for admission to full graduate status or who have not filed all relevant documents with the office handling graduate admissions. See here for policies governing enrollment as a conditionally admitted student.
Limited Status StudentsSome students may wish to enroll in graduate-level courses for personal satisfaction or professional enhancement without at the same time wishing to seek a graduate degree. Other students may wish to enroll while the formal application for graduate admission is being completed. Such students may obtain a special form from the Office of Academic Records and Registrar at the time of registration which will permit them to register in the classification limited status. See here for policies governing limited status enrollment.
Doctoral Admission with Advanced StandingSome doctoral programs at USC admit students with Advanced Standing (entry with an appropriate completed graduate degree from an accredited institution).
General Requirements for Progressive Degree ProgramsA progressive degree program enables a USC undergraduate to begin work on a master's degree while completing requirements for the bachelor's degree. The degree may be in the same or different departments but should be in a similar field of study. Students in a progressive degree program must fulfill all requirements for both the bachelor's degree and the master's degree except for the combined total number of units for the degrees. The master's degree may be awarded simultaneously with but not before the bachelor's degree is awarded.
General Requirements for Graduate DegreesThe work for the master's degree or for the Ph.D. degree is based upon the baccalaureate degree or its equivalent comparable in standard to that awarded at USC from a regionally accredited college or university. Many doctoral students, of course, will already have received a master's degree.
University policies governing unit, grade point average and time limit requirements are stated in the University Policies section of this catalogue. Graduate students should also consult this section for policies on transfer of credit, concurrent enrollment, continuous enrollment, leaves of absence, readmission, and waiver and substitution of course requirements.
Unit RequirementsThe course of study for the master's degree must include at least 24 units in required and elective courses. In addition, students in a program requiring a thesis must register for four units of 594ab Master's Thesis.
A minimum of 60 units of course work beyond the baccalaureate is required for the Ph.D. degree, including research courses and four units of 794ab Doctoral Dissertation. No more than 8 units of 794 may be received or applied toward the degree.
A minimum of 36 units of course work beyond the first graduate degree, exclusive of 794 Doctoral Dissertation, is required for doctoral degree students admitted with Advanced Standing. Additional course work may be required if deemed necessary by the student's faculty. See Doctoral Admission with Advanced Standing.
ResidenceResidency is a period of intensive study completed at USC. For the master's degree a minimum of 20 units of course work applicable toward the degree must be completed on the University Park and/or Health Sciences campuses and/or at one of the university's approved off-campus study centers.
For the Ph.D. degree a minimum of 24 units applicable toward the degree, exclusive of 794 Doctoral Dissertation, must be completed on the University Park and/or Health Sciences campuses. Internships, field work and other off-campus experiences do not count toward residency.
It is not intended that the Ph.D. degree be conferred as a certificate of residence, however faithful or extended, or as a certificate of the satisfaction of unit requirements, which are to be regarded as largely preliminary. It has been found that the scholastic requirements for the degree cannot be completed in less than the equivalent of three full years of work devoted wholly to graduate study and research with appropriate facilities and under university supervision.
Communication Skills RequirementAll candidates for advanced degrees awarded by the Graduate School must demonstrate the ability to communicate and transfer knowledge. The specific method(s) for satisfying this requirement will be established by each individual academic unit.
Exception to Graduate School PolicyRequests for exception to the policies and procedures governing Graduate School degree programs will be considered upon the submission of a general petition stating the specific request, supported by adequate reasons and information. The signatures and recommendation of the faculty advisor or committee chair and department chair are required.
Departmental RequirementsThe requirements and regulations set forth in this portion of the catalogue are to be construed only as minimal requirements established by the Graduate School. In addition, the student is obligated to meet all the requirements established by the individual department as described in the departmental sections.
Advisement and Program of StudyAcademic advisement of entering graduate students will be provided by a designated faculty member in the student's home department. During the first semester of graduate enrollment a formal program of study should be developed and agreed upon in writing. This academic plan should include: (1) the sequence of required and elective courses, with a diversity of faculty instruction and a reasonable balance between course work and directed research appropriate for the degree; (2) evaluation of available transfer credit for application toward the degree; and (3) the schedule and procedures for departmental evaluation of the student. The program of study should be on file in the student's department and may be modified in keeping with the student's progress toward the degree objective. This will become the responsibility of the student's guidance committee when it has been established.
Foreign Language/Research Tool RequirementsAlthough the Graduate School does not require a foreign language examination, some departments do have specific language requirements for their graduate programs.
The foreign language requirement is determined by the individual departments or schools, subject to approval by the University Committee on Curriculum. For the Ph.D. student, these requirements should be met well in advance of the qualifying examination. Permission to take the qualifying examination will not be given until the requirements have been met.
When proficiency in a foreign language or a research tool is required, the evidence attesting to proficiency may not be more than five years old. This regulation applies regardless of the form of the evidence.
For specific information, see Foreign Language/Research Tool Requirement under the appropriate department and program sections of this catalogue.
Academic Warning and DismissalFaculty advisors and departments take factors other than satisfactory grades and adequate GPAs into consideration in determining a student's qualifications for an advanced degree. A student's overall academic performance, specific skills and aptitudes, and faculty evaluations will be considered in departmental decisions regarding a student's continuation in a master's or doctoral degree program.
Satisfactory progress toward an advanced degree as determined by the faculty is required at all times. Students who fail to make satisfactory progress will be so informed by their department or committee chair or school dean. The faculty has the right to recommend at any time after written warning that a student be dismissed from a graduate program for academic reasons or that a student be denied readmission.
Theses and Dissertations
Submission of Theses and DissertationsCandidates are required to submit their manuscripts to the Graduate School electronically as one PDF file for review by the thesis editor. Permission to submit electronically will be granted after all required documentation is first submitted in person to the Graduate School. Once the paperwork is reviewed and is complete, the candidate is cleared to submit the manuscript electronically.
Manuscripts submitted electronically without Graduate School permission will be rejected. Candidates have six months from the date on the approval of the master's thesis or Ph.D. dissertation form to have their manuscript approved by the thesis editor. If the thesis or dissertation is not approved within the six-month period, a late submission fee of $100 will be assessed for each month thereafter. Manuscripts are reviewed and graduation paperwork is processed in the order that they are received. Candidates are strongly urged to submit their paperwork and manuscript as close to the date on the approval of the master's thesis or Ph.D. form as possible. Candidates are also advised to submit as far in advance of the Graduate School's deadline as possible.
Only electronic PDF versions of the manuscript will be accepted for review. The university does not provide copies of theses and dissertations.
Acceptance by the UniversityThe university must accept all theses and dissertations in an approved, final and electronic form before graduation can be conferred. The candidate's committee must have approved all documents before submission to the Graduate School. After complying with the submission process described above, the student must remain in contact with the Graduate School during the corrections process.
At the time of submission, all manuscripts should be formatted and edited according to a recommended style manual and strict adherence to the Guidelines for Format and Presentation of Theses and Dissertations, available from the Graduate School, Grace Ford Salvatori Hall 315, or from the Graduate School Web site. The university thesis editor reviews the final electronic copy for conformance to university regulations, which takes precedence over all other style formats and issues. The editor does not function as a proofreader or copy editor. The final electronic version of the thesis or dissertation must comply with university guidelines, which are established to meet publication standards at ProQuest Information and Learning and at the university library.
Students with manuscripts that have not been proofread and/or do not conform to university regulations will be notified via email that their manuscript is not acceptable and that they must format the manuscript in compliance with university guidelines and resubmit it.
If the manuscript requires corrections, the student must make the corrections and upload an entirely new PDF version of the manuscript in the time allotted by the thesis editor. Students will not be permitted to simply mail or email a corrected version. The student must maintain contact with the Graduate School throughout the entire process to ensure completion. Electronic resubmission of a manuscript for a second review is also reviewed in the order in which it is received. No more than two reviews will be granted per semester, and when time constraints prevail at each deadline, the number of reads possible will depend upon the availability of the thesis editor. Therefore, all students must allow adequate time to make any and all corrections, and these corrections must be approved by the thesis editor before a thesis or dissertation will be accepted by the university for graduation.
Schedule of DeadlinesThe Graduate School provides a schedule of specific dates for completing the various requirements to qualify the student for the master's or Ph.D. degree in the corresponding semester. Despite the date of submission, a student must complete all corrections to the manuscript as specified by the thesis editor, as well as all verification of documentation and necessary paperwork before the degree can be conferred. Not until all the requirements of the entire process are completed will the thesis or dissertation be approved by the editor and Degree Progress (where the degree will then be verified and finally posted) notified. Deadlines are strictly enforced. No exceptions will be made. Thus, a student may not always graduate in the semester in which he or she first submits the thesis or dissertation. Upon completion of all requirements, the official USC transcript will serve as evidence of the degree until the diploma is received.
PublicationAll theses and dissertations electronically submitted and approved will be forwarded to ProQuest Information and Learning and to Doheny Memorial Library for publication and availability.
Thesis/Dissertation FeesAll master's and doctoral candidates must pay a fee as part of the final requirements for the degree. The doctoral candidate's fee, currently $110, includes ProQuest, Doheny Memorial Library and Graduate School processing fees. Master's candidates currently pay a fee of $100 for ProQuest, Doheny Memorial Library and Graduate School processing fees. Both fees are paid at the Cashier's Office, King Hall, prior to submitting the manuscript to the Graduate School.
General Requirements for the Master's Degree
Course RequirementsThe master's degree in the Graduate School is conferred upon the satisfactory completion of a carefully planned curriculum. A comprehensive examination may replace a thesis in certain departments. A student must enroll in GRSC 810 during the semester in which the comprehensive examination is to be taken if not otherwise enrolled. Consult the appropriate departmental section of this catalogue for specific course requirements.
For those master's degrees not conferred by the Graduate School, the degree-conferring school determines whether or not a thesis, comprehensive exam or other summative experience is required.
See Transfer of Course Work for the maximum number of units of transferred course work that may be applied toward a master's degree. Except in formally designated dual degree programs, this same policy regulates the number of credits that may be applied toward a master's degree from an advanced degree previously completed at USC.
Guidance CommitteeThe student's program of study and thesis and/or comprehensive examination are under the direction of a guidance committee composed of three tenure-track faculty members, at least two of whom must be from the student's home department, who are recommended by the chair of the student's major department, and must be approved by the dean of the degree-conferring unit. Those departments which allow a comprehensive examination in lieu of thesis and administer that comprehensive on a departmental, rather than an individual basis, may substitute a single advisor for the three-person guidance committee.
Application for the Master's DegreeApplication for the master's degree must be made during the semester preceding the one in which the student expects to receive the degree and prior to registration in 594a Master's Thesis. Application is made online by the academic department and then transmitted to the Degree Progress Department following approval of the program of studies by the student's home department. Degree Progress will prepare a Credit Summary reflecting course work and requirements completed and those remaining to be met. A copy of the Credit Summary is sent to the student and the home department.
Master's ExaminationsA student who fails the master's examination may be permitted, at the discretion of the faculty, to take it a second time. The retaking of a failed master's examination must be completed before the end of the second consecutive semester (excluding summer session) following the first examination. Requests for exception must be approved by the department chair. A student may not take the master's examination more than twice and must be appropriately enrolled at USC during the semester in which such an examination is taken or retaken. A student who fails the master's examination a second time may not continue in the degree program after the end of the semester in which the second examination was taken. No exceptions are allowed.
Master's ThesisThe thesis is supervised throughout its preparation by the student's guidance committee. It is desirable for the student to have a conference with each committee member promptly following the approval of the topic. Thereafter, thesis work is normally under the immediate supervision of the committee chair: Final acceptance is based upon the unanimous recommendation of all members of the committee.
A student who is required to write a thesis must submit a satisfactory outline and comprehensive bibliography for the proposed thesis and demonstrate a mastery of the subject satisfactory to the guidance committee. The student's thesis or guidance committee is responsible for the content and bibliographical consistency of the thesis.
During the five-year time limit allowed for completion of the degree and following the completion of all course work, the student must enroll in 594 Master's Thesis for two semesters and for each semester thereafter, excluding summer, until the thesis has been approved and the approval of the master's thesis form has been signed by the student's guidance committee. Registration for the thesis in two semesters, excluding summer, is the minimum requirement entitling the student to thesis supervision by the guidance committee. No more than four units of credit in 594 may be received regardless of the number of semesters the student may be required to be enrolled. Students may enroll in 594 during one summer session but may not register for more than two units of 594 during a given semester; individual exceptions require the approval of the dean of the degree-conferring unit.
Students who find it necessary to be excused from registration in 594 for a semester must request a leave of absence by petition to the dean of the degree-conferring unit prior to the beginning of the semester. See Leave of Absence. Endorsements from the committee chair, department chair and the line (program) dean are required. During a leave of absence students will not be entitled to assistance from the guidance committee or to the use of university facilities. The granting of a leave of absence will take into account the student's responsibility for meeting the time schedules for the completion of degree requirements.
Master's Thesis SubmissionPlease refer to the Theses and Dissertation section for information on the submission process.
General Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy DegreeQualified students will be received as applicants for candidacy for the Doctor of Philosophy degree with a major in departments which are adequately equipped with staff, library and laboratory facilities to furnish the necessary training and opportunities for original research.
Screening ProceduresA screening examination or other procedure designated by the department or program is to be administered before the student has taken more than 24 units (including research courses). Passing this procedure is prerequisite to continuation in the doctoral program. Students who fail the screening procedure will be advised that they are not recommended to continue in the Ph.D. program and that any additional work may not be counted toward the degree. Failure to undertake the screening procedure before completion of 24 units of course work may jeopardize additional units. A faculty member will be appointed to serve as the student's advisor until an approved guidance committee is established.
Course RequirementsThe subject or field of concentration is called a major. The major is usually a departmental major, although several interdepartmental majors have been authorized.
Undergraduate prerequisite and graduate course work will be required in accordance with the regulations of the major department or program and the recommendation of the student's guidance committee. Consult the appropriate departmental section of this catalogue for specific course requirements.
Guidance CommitteeThe student's program of studies is under the direction of a guidance committee. Admission to graduate standing is prerequisite to establishing a guidance committee. The guidance committee should be established within the department at least two semesters prior to taking the qualifying examination. An appointment of committee form, which can be obtained from the Graduate School Web site, should be used to establish the guidance committee. Students initiate the paperwork and submit the signed form to the department chair or the program director's office.
The guidance committee is composed of at least five members; a minimum of three, including at least one tenured member, must be from the student's home department and one must be a faculty member from outside the student's home department. In the case of schools which are organized into several departments (e.g., business, education, music), but for which a single Ph.D. program is authorized, the outside member must be from outside the school. The Associate Vice Provost for Graduate Programs is ex officio a member of all guidance committees.
Normally, all members of the guidance-dissertation committee must be regular officers of instruction of the rank of assistant professor or above in departments offering the Ph.D. degree at USC. In exceptional cases, faculty in departments or schools not offering the Ph.D. degree; research, adjunct and emeritus faculty; and faculty from other universities may be acceptable as members of guidance committees. Such exceptions must be approved on an individual basis by the dean of the degree-conferring unit. Approval will be based on the special expertise and academic relevance afforded the individual student's research. A current curriculum vitae of the proposed member must be submitted to the dean of the degree-conferring unit with a letter from the student's committee chair citing the particular academic merits of the requested appointment. Such a member must meet the standards of academic training and research experience expected of faculty members serving on such committees. A specially approved member may serve as co-chair of the committee but usually may not serve as the outside member representing the Associate Vice Provost for Graduate Programs.
The outside member is defined as a person from a discipline different from that of the student's department and whose own department affiliation is different from that of the student. A faculty member who holds a joint appointment in the student's department may only serve as an outside member when the primary appointment is in an outside department or school. The outside member serves as the representative of the Associate Vice Provost for Graduate Programs. As such, the outside member determines if the qualifying examination and dissertation processes are conducted at a level that warrants awarding the Ph.D. degree. The outside member also ensures that the student is justly and fairly treated by a committee and department. Finally, it is hoped that the outside member will contribute to the student's preparation as a scholar.
When the student and the guidance committee have determined that the qualifying examination can be taken, the Request to Take the Qualifying Examination form, which can be obtained from the Graduate School Web site, is the means by which the student is given permission to take the formal qualifying examination. The signed form should be filed with the department chair or the program director's office not later than 30 days before the beginning date of the examination.
The guidance committee has the responsibility for supervising the student's program of studies and preparation for the qualifying examination, and the administration and evaluation of the written and oral parts of the qualifying examination. The committee continues to serve until the qualifying examination has been passed, the dissertation topic approved, and the student is admitted to candidacy.
Changes in Guidance CommitteesA Change of Committee form, which can be obtained from the Graduate School Web site, must be completed whenever a change is made in the guidance committee. All such changes must be made in advance of the qualifying examinations. Informal substitutions for either the written or oral parts of the qualifying examination are not permitted. Changes in the guidance committee are not permitted between the written and oral portions of the examination. The examinations must be scheduled at times when it is possible for all members of the committee, including the outside member, to participate. Changes made without the prior approval of the dean of the degree-conferring unit are not recognized and may result in the invalidation of the examination.
A student may not change committee members after failing the qualifying examination the first time. The student must be reexamined by the same faculty on the same subject matter. If a faculty member is unable to serve on the committee (for example, due to serious illness, retirement, or transfer to another institution), the dean of the degree-conferring unit must be notified in writing in advance of the rescheduled exam in order to approve the change. The faculty replacement must be approved by the dean of the degree-conferring unit and the student must file a change of committee form well in advance of the exam.
Qualifying ExaminationThe examination qualifying a student for candidacy for the Ph.D. degree is comprehensive in nature, partly written and partly oral, designed, at least in part, to test the student's fitness to undertake independent research. Prior to taking the qualifying examination, the student must have met all of the departmental requirements for doing so and have the recommendation of the guidance committee. The qualifying examination is normally taken not later than during the fifth semester of graduate standing. The student should note the maximum time limit for completing the degree.
To be eligible to take the qualifying examination, the student must have completed at least 24 units applicable toward the degree in residence at USC and must have achieved a GPA of at least 3.0 on all USC course work available for graduate credit, and the guidance committee has determined that the student is ready to take the qualifying examination. A student must enroll in GRSC 800 during the semester in which the qualifying examination is to be taken if not otherwise enrolled. Students are strongly encouraged to take the qualifying examination during the first semester in which they are enrolled in GRSC 800 and, at a minimum, to enroll in no more than three semesters of GRSC 800 before taking the qualifying examination.
All portions of the examination must be completed within 60 days. Postponement of the examination after permission has been granted must have approval of the dean of the degree-conferring unit.
The written examination will be prepared, administered on campus and read by the guidance committee; in a few departments there will be a department-wide committee examining all doctoral students. When the student's written examination is satisfactory, an oral examination is given covering, in depth, topics discussed in the written examination or touching upon additional material. A student must pass both the written and oral portions of the qualifying examination in order to pass the examination. The fact that a student has done well on the written examination is not to be construed to mean that the oral examination is to be a pro forma exercise.
The oral examination is a serious and integral part of the qualifying procedure. If on the written examination the judgment of the committee is such that an oral examination cannot counterbalance a poor performance, the committee is not obliged to give an oral examination and the report to the Graduate School will be one of failure. In the case where the written examination is marginal, the committee may use the oral examination as an opportunity to confirm or alter its judgment of the student's performance.
The examination may not be reported as being passed if there is more than one dissenting vote. Ph.D. examinations cannot be passed conditionally. A pass on the examination cannot be made contingent upon other factors such as the completion of additional course work, the preparation of extra research projects, etc.
During the oral examination, all members of the guidance committee must be present and must render a judgment on the student's qualifying examination. Only the guidance committee may participate in the oral portion of the examination.
A student who fails a qualifying examination may be permitted, at the discretion of the faculty, to take it a second time. The student may not be required to repeat parts of the qualifying examination which were passed on the first administration. The retaking of a failed qualifying examination must be scheduled at a time mutually satisfactory and not less than six months from the date of the first examination.
The second examination must be completed before the end of the second consecutive semester (excluding summer session) following the first examination. Requests for an exception must be approved by the Associate Vice Provost for Graduate Programs. A student may not take the qualifying examination more than twice and must be appropriately enrolled at USC during the semester in which such an examination is taken or retaken. A student who fails the qualifying examination a second time may not continue in the degree program after the end of the semester in which the second examination was taken. No exceptions are allowed.
Admission to CandidacyGraduate students are officially admitted to candidacy for the Ph.D. degree when they have completed the residency requirement and passed the written and oral portions of the Ph.D. qualifying examination upon the favorable recommendation of the guidance committee to the Graduate School. All Ph.D. candidates are required to engage in original research.
Application for the Ph.D.After being admitted to candidacy, students must contact their academic department to initiate an online degree check which is transmitted to the Degree Progress Department. Degree Progress counselors prepare a degree summary report for each student listing any remaining requirements. The requirements will not be checked or the degree conferred if the student has not applied.
Dissertation CommitteeAfter the qualifying examination has been passed and a dissertation topic approved, the guidance committee shall be known as the dissertation committee, and may be reduced to three members, upon the committee's unanimous recommendation to the dean of the degree-conferring unit. Two committee members must be from the home department, at least one of whom must be tenured, and one of the three members must be a faculty member from outside the major department. An Appointment of Committee form, which can be obtained from the Graduate School Web site, should be used to establish the dissertation committee. Students initiate the paperwork and submit the signed form to the department chair or the program director's office. The dissertation committee should be appointed as soon as possible after the student has passed the qualification exam. Until a dissertation committee has been appointed, the guidance committee will take responsibility for the student's program of study. Refer to the Guidance Committee section for additional membership requirements. The Associate Vice Provost for Graduate Programs is ex officio a member of all dissertation committees.
Special permission for a member of the research faculty to serve as chair of a Ph.D. student's dissertation committee may be granted by the dean of the degree-conferring unit or his or her nominee, on an individual case basis upon the written request of the department chair establishing that (1) the person has a research appointment in the student's home department; (2) no tenure-track faculty in the department has the necessary knowledge or expertise required; and (3) the researcher has demonstrated special expertise in the particular area of the proposed dissertation. The dissertation and its defense, or final oral, must have the unanimous approval of the dissertation committee.
Doctoral DissertationA dissertation is an original contribution to current knowledge in the field and a demonstration that the Ph.D. candidate has achieved sufficient mastery in the field to pursue independent research and scholarship. A dissertation represents the individual candidate's research and writing. In fields where collaborative research has become the norm, the candidate is the sole author of the dissertation and specifies his or her contribution to the research and also delineates colleagues' contributions.
Dissertations are expected to be written in English. Exceptions require the approval of the Associate Vice Provost for Graduate Programs or his or her nominee prior to beginning the work and will be granted only when there is strong scholarly justification.
The student is expected to be enrolled in 794 Doctoral Dissertation each semester, except summer sessions, after admission to candidacy until all degree requirements are completed. Registration for the dissertation in the two semesters, excluding summer sessions, following admission to candidacy, is the minimum requirement entitling the candidate to dissertation supervision by the dissertation committee. Enrollment in 794 prior to admission to candidacy is not permitted and such registration is invalid. If the dissertation is not completed and accepted within two semesters the candidate must continue to register for 794 each semester thereafter until the dissertation has been approved and the approval of the Ph.D. dissertation has been signed by the dissertation committee. Students may enroll in 794 during one summer session but may not register for more than two units of 794 during a given semester; individual exceptions require the approval of the dean of the degree-conferring unit. No more than eight units of credit in 794 may be received regardless of the number of semesters the candidate may be required to be enrolled. Department approval is required for registration in 794.
A candidate who finds it necessary to be excused from registration in 794 for a semester must request a leave of absence by petition to the dean of the degree-conferring unit prior to the beginning of the semester. See Leave of Absence. Endorsements from the committee chair, and department chair are required. During a leave of absence the candidate will not be entitled to assistance from the dissertation committee or to the use of university facilities. The granting of a leave of absence will take into account the candidate's responsibility for meeting the time schedules for the completion of degree requirements.
Defense of the DissertationAfter passing all required course examinations and the qualifying examination, and after meeting all other requirements, the candidate must defend the dissertation. This defense will be conducted in such a manner as to determine to the unanimous satisfaction of the dissertation committee that the candidate has attained the stage of scholarly advancement and power of investigation demanded by the university for final recommendation to the doctorate.
While the oral examination is open to the general university community, only the members of the dissertation committee shall have the authority to recommend acceptance of the dissertation. During the oral defense, all members of the dissertation committee must be present and must render a judgment on the student's defense. The recommendation must be unanimous.
If the defense is satisfactory, the committee then signs the approval of the Ph.D. dissertation form. If additional work is required, the form is signed at a later date. Departments differ concerning the time of the defense of the dissertation. The student's dissertation committee is responsible for the content and bibliographical consistency of the dissertation.


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This revamped version of the Carpenters'' two original Singles LPs may, despite the absence of some Top 40 charters, stand as the definitive single-CD collection of the duo''s hits. Included are most of the reasons Karen Carpenter''s bring-the-pain vocals are still revered by thrift-shopping college kids and their moms alike. Despite the act''s squeaky-clean image, Karen was of course more than touched by tragedy; at least one of the more hopeful of these tunes, "For All We Know," has doubt built right into its title. The best of this is smart, cry-in-your-Evian pop that sounds a lot less dated than it might in your memory. "Close to You" and "Hurting Each Other" are actually soulful claims on their then-new soft-pop tradition, while the towering "Goodbye to Love" is worthy of Rumours-era Christine McVie. Despite some duds, mostly from its later period, 1969-1981 makes its case for this enduring and sometimes classic outfit. --Rickey Wright

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Ancient Quest
Paperback, 211 Pages
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Johnny Rawten is going to the Ancient World on a quest to accomplish tasks that will help the people or the ancient world. If he is able to complete all 8 tasks, he will have a chance to save the Tiger he killed many years ago.
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Product Details
- Copyright
- Dan Klumper (Standard Copyright License)
- Edition
- First
- Publisher
- Dan Klumper
- Published
- October 5, 2013
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 211
- Binding
- Perfect-bound Paperback
- Interior Ink
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Just like in Burma, the recent years have seen the unrest between the Buddhist majority and the Muslim minority on the upswing in Sri Lanka. Galagoda Aththe Gnanasara, general secretary of the Sri Lankan ultra-nationalist Buddhist organisation Bodu Bala Sena (BBS)—Sinhalese for Buddhist Power Force—actually claims to perceive an international Islamic conspiracy that aims at marginalising the Buddhists in Sri Lanka. He believes his organisation can unite all the Buddhists of the island and turn them into a nationalist force, thus countering this 'foreseen' Islamic threat. He has been widely accused of being the mastermind of many anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka and gained notoriety for publicly avowing his racist inclinations. He answers a series of questions posed to him by Pranay Sharma.
After years of ethnic strife, Sri Lanka is trying its best to become used to peace but you seem determined to break it. Why?
This is a completely wrong interpretation. As an organisation, we are working towards peace. The Bodu Bala Sena is working in the path of Lord Buddha. We don't believe in violence nor in inhuman activities.
Sri Lanka is a Buddhist-majority country that also encourages people from other religions to be part of the nation. Do you see a problem with that?
No, we don't have a problem with that. We value and believe in diversity. Whether you are a Buddhist, a Hindu or a Tamil—you will enjoy the same equal rights. Our concern is more about a number of international elements that are working at destroying the peaceful social fabric of our country. Sinhalas or Buddhists are forming a majority in the country, but we also live in a global society that is structured by global funding, global politics and also global terrorism—all of which now work against global minorities.
When you say 'global', precisely which countries do you have in mind?
It is hard to say but most of them are from the Middle East and Saudi Arabia. These are the countries that fund Muslim extremist groups here. There are some countries that also promote fundamentalist Christian groups. I don't think it is something we should allow to happen. These are attempts to destroy the culture of our country.
What does Bodu Bala Sena stand for?
It stands for forces of Buddhist power. It is to unite all forces that believe in Buddhism. It is to build them up as a nationalist force to protect the Buddhist and Sinhalese rights.
But you have also gone on record saying that you are racist and that you don't mind being called so?
We are saying so because some people are calling us racists. We don't mind because we are only working towards protecting our nation. We don't promote racism nor think that all minorities should leave this country. But the real meaning seems to get lost in translation and taken out of its context. We are not promoting racism. We are only fighting to protect our race. That does not mean racism.
You claim the Muslim minority in Sri Lanka is posing a threat to the majority Buddhist population in the country. But is that really possible and in what way have they posed a threat?
Definitely, they are posing a threat not only to Sri Lanka, but to India as well.
But you do agree that, in terms of numbers, they are a much smaller group?
Yes, they are a minority in number but if you look at their economic power and their international network, they are not a minority. We are aware that the majority of Muslims are innocent, but once they come under the influence of Muslim extremists, they can easily fall into smuggling, illegal weapon handling and even terrorist activities.
Do you take responsibility for the communal violence that took place recently in the Sri Lankan coastal districts of Aluthgama and Beruwala, where victims were mostly ordinary Muslims?
Definitely not. I would request you to go on our website: there is a video that clearly shows how a peaceful gathering was interrupted by Muslim extremists throwing stones at innocent women and children walking down the street.
What about other religious groups, do they also pose a threat to the Buddhists?
There are very small groups of Christian fundamentalists. But they are not only a threat to Buddhists; they are also a danger to Hindus, moderate Christians and Catholics as well.
"Countries in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia are funding extremist groups here. I don't think we should allow this"
Being a Buddhist monk, you take pride in being a religious extremist. Does it not go against the preaching of Gautama Buddha?
No, I don't think that is true. We are not extremists. In meetings, we may use some words emotionally, but I don't think they are hate speeches. We work closely with some moderate Muslim groups. We started talking about Muslim extremism only after reports were issued to us by some of these groups. Only then we realised that there is an unseen, unknown Muslim extremism working in Sri Lanka.
What is your relation with President Mahinda Rajapakse? Do you think you are becoming an embarrassment for him?
Sometimes, what we say may be beneficial to him and, at other times, it may be not. Our focus is not to embarrass or make anybody uncomfortable. But, through our preaching, we want to give the necessary protection to our religion.
Most Sri Lankan parties are very critical of you and there is a growing demand for your arrest. Why?
If they think that arresting me is going to solve the entire problem, then I am ready to go to jail. I have no issue with that. But if I have not participated in any criminal activity, how can they put me in jail?
Are they not arresting you because they have not found anything against you or because you happen to be close to the ruling party?
We do not support any political party. But, there are times when we praise the ruling party and there are times when we praise the opposition parties if we think that what they are doing is the right thing. At the same time, if we think that they are doing something wrong, we will criticise them.
The US government has revoked your visa. Does it worry you that you are coming to national and international notice for all the wrong reasons?
I don't worry so much about this because an American visa is not so important to me. Let the Americans do what they want, they have the right to do so. But I think the US should understand Sri Lanka better. We wish they had got in touch with us before coming out with their views. They are only listening to one side of the story. They should talk to all the relevant parties before drawing any conclusions.
Will there be more violence in the coming days?
I don't think this violence will continue—though we never know. The violence is not a new phenomenon. In 2009, this Muslim group had attacked a mosque and killed two people. However, this group is only present in that particular area and I don't think there will be any problem elsewhere. Buddhists are very peaceful people and these problems are created only by such Muslims. They set fire to their own mosque and kill their own people who don't follow their instructions. This particular area was a hot spot for the past five years and there were some incidents of violence almost every month.
So all the problems of violence are caused by this particular Muslim group and Bodu Bala Sena has nothing to do with it?
Definitely. We should not be blamed. We have not thrown a single stone at anybody. But, these groups are spreading a lot of rumours; they are very powerful, they own some media houses and they have a lot of contacts. But we have tried to be very open about what we do.
Why are they against you?
Because they know we had exposed their plans and it has now become difficult for them to carry out their strategic planning since our intervention.
And what strategic plans have you exposed?
They tried to issue halal certificates. We are not against halal, but they wanted all Sinhalese business people to have these certificates for their products. They managed to get all the hotels, restaurants and others to buy these halal certificates and made a lot of money through them. They are trying to destroy Sinhalese and Buddhist food habits and culture by replacing them with halal culture. That is what we tried to stop and that is the reason why they are against us.
(Gnanasara's colleague and spokesman Dilantha Withanage helped with the translation.)
Deadly Alliances Against Muslims: NYT editorial
"The time has come to ally internationally," Galagodaththe Gnanasara, the leader of the radical Sri Lankan Buddhist group Bodu Bala Sena, announced at a convention held in Colombo last month. The guest of honor was Ashin Wirathu, a Buddhist radical whose picture Time magazine put on its July 1 cover as "The Face of Buddhist Terror." The government of Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa ignored pleas by Sri Lankan Muslim and Christian civil groups, fearful of more anti-Muslim violence in their country, to deny Mr. Wirathu a visa. Granting Mr. Wirathu a visa can only reinforce the fears of many Muslims that the government — and perhaps more powerful regional allies — back Bodu Bala Sena, which translates as Buddhist Power Force.
Last week, Mr. Gnanasara claimed he was in discussions "at a high level" with the right-wing Indian Hindu group Rashtriya Swayam Sevak to form what he called a "Hindu-Buddhist peace zone" in South Asia. A Rashtriya Swayam Sevak spokesman, Ram Madhav, promptly denied that there were any such discussions. But Mr. Madhav, now general secretary of India's governing Bharatiya Janata Party, has written comments sympathetic to Bodu Bala Sena and Mr. Wirathu's group 969 in Myanmar on his Facebook and Twitter accounts.
It is folly for the governments of Mr. Rajapaksa in Sri Lanka, President Thein Sein of Myanmar and Prime Minister Narendra Modi in India, or their political allies, to give even the appearance of tolerating these Islamophobic groups in a region that has too often been convulsed by religious sectarian violence. They should condemn this mad alliance before it can spread further.
China executes 8 militants from Xinjiang for terror attacks
China has executed eight militants from the restive Muslim-majority Xinjiang province for terrorist attacks including three who masterminded a suicide car bombing in the iconic Tiananmen Square here last year.
The militants were involved in several terror cases connected to the northwestern region of Xinjiang, where China has blamed Islamist separatists for string of attacks that have rocked the country in recent months.
The executions took place after Supreme People's Court upheld their death sentences, state-run news agency Xinhua reported today.
Three of the executed militants, named Huseyin Guxur, Yusup Wherniyas and Yusup Ehmet, masterminded the suicide attack, in which a mother, son and daughter-in-law rammed an SUV loaded with inflammable material into bystanders on the iconic Tiananmen Square in the heart of Beijing in October 2013. ''
India took 5 years to Hang Kasab and 10 years to hang Afzal Guru.
2. ''Xinjiang militants influenced by foreign terror groups: China
Stepping up security in Beijing and other major cities after suffering its bloodiest terror strike in Xinjiang, China today said the Islamic militants who carried out the attack were influenced by terrorists from outside the country.
"Judging from the terrorist attacks that we have handled up to now, the terrorists are influenced by terror outfits from outside China and exposure to extremism on the internet," Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei told a media briefing here.
"Their purpose is to sabotage the peace and stability of Xinjiang and China and achieve their hidden political agenda," he said.
This kind of activity by no means would be allowed by the 1.3 billion Chinese people, Hong said adding that "we will take all necessary measures to crack down on their cruel activities and safeguard the unity, solidarity and dignity of the law of the country".
Indians specially Muslims should learn a lesson .Whenver our Forces arrest a Terrorist hordes of Mullas,Muslims protest and burn buses crying "Beguhaon ko Pakar Liya "
Our Decu Brigade cries "" Insaaf nahin hua ki .Kabhi nahin hua ji .Kabhi hoga bhi nahin ji ""
Saroja Mami,
[[The Sanghis are quoting verses out of Islamic text to blame the present day Muslims for every atrocity conducted by any Islamist.]]
You expose your naked dishonesty when you say Sanghis blame ALL Muslims. The only ones who are blamed are those quoting Islamic verses to inflict atrocities upon non-Muslims, and those like Anwaar who cover up for the former by equating Hindu treatment of Dalits to the murder and rape of non-Muslims by Islamists.
But then expecting honesty from a sickular is like expecting milk out of a bull.
D.L.Narayan, >>>> "Just look at your comments over the past 24 hours. Such naked hatefulness"
>> "Did I target any individual?"
Irrelevant! You targetted Islam. And your hatefulness was blatant and frenzied. You are a disgrace! ANWAAR, DALLAS, UNITED STATES
No matter who you are, wherever you live, you cannot criticise Islam. Muslims think their religion was created by God and hence every verse in that is true today as it was 1400 years ago. No amount of logic or evidence will make them change their mind.
Talibans and mullahs take the literary meaning of those verses, some of those verses are quite violent and intimidating, and are against others who does not follow Islam. Very few, understand their contextual meaning.
By taking religion too far, Muslims are doing irrepairable harm to themselves. But Muslims do not care. They are more interested in the after life than this life. Who will tell them that heaven and hell does not exist anywhere, it is only in the minds.
>> "You are doing the same to Hindus equating hindutvawadis to Hindus."
You are right. Here is the corrected version:
"Hindutvawadis have found a new caste to hate and discriminate against, thanks to the RSS! The new Dalits are called Muslims. Seems Hindutvawadis just can't feel good about themselves unless they have some group to look down upon!"
>>Hindus have found a new caste to hate and discriminate gainst, thanks to the RSS! The new Dalits are called Muslims. Seems Hindus just can't feel good about themselves unless they have some group to look down upon! - Anwaar
Anwaar, you have shown yourself to be no better than a sanghi. The Sanghis are quoting verses out of Islamic text to blame the present day Muslims for every atrocity conducted by any Islamist. You are doing the same to Hindus equating hindutvawadis to Hindus.
>> "Hindus acknowledge past wrongs and continued lingering discrimination based on caste."
Hindus have found a new caste to hate and discriminate gainst, thanks to the RSS! The new Dalits are called Muslims. Seems Hindus just can't feel good about themselves unless they have some group to look down upon!
>> "'Houris' (virgins ) , promised to the faithful by God in heaven, there arejust too many to post."
None authentic. The Quran does not promise any houris. The Hadiths have many stories even crazier than this one, but Hadiths were just collections of hearsay gathered over 200 years after Muhammed's death.
>> Hindus acknowledge past wrongs
Jehadi too.
He too acknowledges past wrongs of the Hindus :-)
See his response.


text:
Kurt Martin
Born in 1904, Kurt Martin was one of the most distinguished development economists of his generation and is recognized worldwide as one of the pioneers of development theory. He joined ISS in 1969 as Professor in Development Economics and stayed until 1986. Kurt Martin died in September 1995, a few weeks before his 91st birthday. His last reader, "Strategies of economic development: readings in the political economy of industrialization" on the evolution of development economics theory, was published in 1991.
Kurt Martin made institutions a central feature of his work. He stressed their importance throughout the history of economic theory itself and also in the philosophical foundations of the subject. Nonetheless, he felt that economic institutions were the result of historically embedded processes of social conflict rather than simply a solution to problems of transaction costs and collective actions and dilemmas.
The Institute of Social Studies awarded its honorary doctorate to Kurt Martin in 1979.
Agrarian Reforms and Intersectoral Relations: A Summary/ Kurt Martin in Social Institutions and Economic Development : A Tribute to Kurt Martin / ed. by Valpy FitzGerald - The Hague : Kluwer Academic; Institute of Social Studies, 2002.
Strategies of economic development : readings in the political economy of industrialization / ed by Kurt Martin. Basingstoke: The Hague, 1991.
Also available in:
Martin, Kurt & H.W. Singer (1994). Strategies of Economic Development – Readings in The Political Economy of Industrialization in Development and Change. Vol.25 (3): 644.
The Evolution of Modern Development Theory/ Kurt Martin. The Hague: ISS, 1990.
The teaching of development economics : its position in the present state of knowledge : the proceedings of the Manchester Conference on Teaching Economic Development / ed. by Kurt Martin and John Knapp - London: Frank Cass, 1964
Agrarian reforms and intersectoral relations : a summary / Kurt Martin. ISS working paper series. Revised version of a paper presented at [Policy] Workshop on Agrarian Reform in Comparative Perspective, Sukabumi, 17-30 May, 1981. The Hague: ISS, 1982.
Agrarian reforms and intersectoral relations: a summary / Kurt Martin. Paper presented at Policy Workshop on Agrarian Reform in Comparative Perspective, Sukabumi, 17-30 May, 1981. The Hague: ISS, 1981.
This page has been composed by ISS Library staff using multiple sources, with many thanks to its authors. Should a visitor to our site believe that the information provided is inaccurate or incomplete or we wrongly make use of a work whose copyright does not belong to ISS we urgently request the visitor to contact us.


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HI, Thanks for your question. My name isXXXXX and I am here to help you today. I will be happy to help you with your follow-up questions also.
I am an Ear, Nose and Throat specialist and will be addressing your concerns separately.
A) Is there any type of cream that I can put on my throat to keep my cords moist?
No there is no such cream because no cream can reach vocal cords. However you can take steam inhalation with menthol drops twice daily to keep your respiratory tract and vocal cords moist.
Hello Dr. Hasan! Thank you very much for responding.
:) welcome
B) What fluids should I be drinking and what fluids should I be staying away from?
You should drink hot drinks. Stay away from cold drinks. Make sure not to drink tea or coffee because they can make your reflux worse.
However green tea would be best.
C) I struggle with acid reflux and my doctor has prescribed me Nexium for when my reflux is at its worst. Do you suggest that I take this pill before I record?
It will be of no use to take it before recording and you should just take it as you routinely do. However OTC tab claritin can help you.
D) Is there any other information that you could provide me?
Yes observe voice rest. Don't shout , don't whisper either because whisper is even worse for your vocal cords. Just talk when required.
I am hopeful that you will rock :)
Any questions?
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No you can take them but must be at room temperature.
You are always welcome.
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No thank you, XXXXX XXXXX all my questions perfectly. Thanks again! You've been a great help, I really appreciate it. :)
I am glad to hear this.
Have a good day.
I wish you good luck for the recording, please ask if you have any question because our discussion always remains open so you can always ask more till you are satisfied, You can click the smiley to rate the answer. You can come back here to ask anything even after you have rated the answer. I will be glad to help you always.
You too!
Thank you so much! :)
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Ohio Township woman completes 5 marathons in 5 days
Elite runners spend an entire year training for a marathon, but Dawn Kumlien didn't have the benefit of five years to train for five marathons.
"I've been training since November. I had a training program I followed," said Kumlien, 25, of Ohio Township. "Mentally before, I felt like I was prepared. Running is 90 percent mental, 10 percent physical, but no matter how much running I did, nothing prepared me physically or mentally for the hills in Pennsylvania."
Kumlien ran five marathons in five days as part of the "MS Run the U.S." relay to benefit MS research. Dawn's mother, Jill, has been living with MS for 35 years, and the relay was organized to raise awareness and funds.
From Aug. 18-22, Kumlien ran 131 miles from Youngstown, Ohio, to Pittsburgh. Admitting she isn't a top-flight runner, and only ran competitively in high school, Kumlien had to battle through soreness and exhaustion, especially on Day 5 to finish her leg.
"It was very difficult. I slowed down a lot. My knee was hurting me. I was having a lot of issues, and my miles were slower," Kumlien said of Day 5. "I was walking some of it. I wanted to quit, and I didn't want to do it anymore."
Kumlien didn't have to look far for inspiration, as her mother was there for every step.
"Knowing that I was able to do that for my mom, and (my parents) told me they were proud of me. It was nice to have them there with me," Kumlien said.
Before completing her five marathons, Kumlien never ran more than 22 miles in training or studied her elevation chart thoroughly.
"I think it helped me and also hurt me because I didn't know what to expect," Kumlien said. "My first marathon felt great."
It was the rolling landscape of Pennsylvania that surprised.
"The hills were brutal," Kumlien said. "It didn't matter if you were prepared for them. It was hill after hill after hill after hill. I never had a break on the hills."
Kumlien completed the 19th segment of the nationwide relay, and described her week full of running as surreal.
"This past week was like an out-of-body experience," Kumlien said. "Yes, I was there, but looking back on it now I can't believe that just happened."
There are still more miles to be run, though. Jill Kumlien will finish the relay in an adult stroller pushed by other really members of "Team Jill," Sept. 6 in New York City. As much of an emotional roller coaster last week was for Dawn, she can't wait to get to New York.
"I can't imagine what NYC will be like," Kumlien said. "It'll be a completely different experience."
It's the first year of the relay, and after overcoming some struggles to finish her leg, Dawn didn't hesitate about doing it again.
"I already signed up for my leg next year."
Justin Criado is a freelance writer.


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TH!NK post
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Tatik's letters to Prof. Loitik – Part 5: Nico lies, eco lies and the eco outsider!
Published 27th October 2009 - 4 comments - 1376 views -
Copenhagen, October 2009
Dear Professor,
I am so so sad. You will never believe it...I waited for Nicolau in front of Tivoli Park for over an hour and he did not show up. He stood me up, professor! I decided to take a walk by the river and as I walked past Christiania, guess what? I saw Nicolau, professor, kissing another girl, a very pretty blond girl. He was drinking beer and smoking cigarettes with her, can you believe it? I was totally distraught...
So, I decided to go into a bar and drink away my sadness, just like I see the natives here do. At the bar, I finally met a scientist! Yes. Although, I must say, he was a different kind of scientist, a so called social scientist. He is not rich, he told me straight away, he is a civil servant working for the Social Welfare Department with illegal immigrants and domestic violence. He was also getting drunk at the bar, so we got talking and it turned out to be most interesting, because he helped me see the interests behind the rise of the eco society. Oh, it's terrible, I feel so confused right now.
He told me, professor, that the eco society has come to defend the interests of scientists (the regular ones, whom I am yet to meet…) and eco businessmen, consequently, of governments and NGO's. According to him, it all started because world capitalism was undergoing a crisis. Economic growth was stagnating here in the civilized world, because people with money already had everything they needed and were not consuming much anymore. They might have tried to fight for social justice at an international level, fomenting economic development and world citizenship rights, so that everyone would have what only that priviledged group used to have, but instead they decided to invent new aspirations for the wealthy: new products and technologies. The rhetoric of the climate change scientists was appealing, the business men and their marketing executives picked up on it and it worked! Sustainability has renewed the globalized market and created new ones.
It's true that Jon (that's the name of this social scientist) was drunk, but he said things that made sense to me. He said, "Look how many new bicycles are in the streets! And solar powered helmets and PVC recycled attachments and organic rucksacks, this and that. Look at all these new cars, smaller cars, run on natural gas, on solar power, on sunflower oil, on fair trade grape oil, whatever. Everyone had to buy things all over again. It is all that this society knows how to do – buy, buy and buy. If you don't buy, you die here. When they had everything and shopping tedium took over, they had to find new things to buy and this ecological branding served this purpose." Scary talk, no?
He continued, "And if that was not enough, they decided they also had to sell all this stuff to the rest of the world. This society is not happy until the whole world is exactly like it is! It's main characteristic is its expansionism, it's not enough that they be a particular way, EVERYONE has to be the same! They wanted other countries to go eco, so that they would also buy the new technologies, hire their scientists to lecture for them…it's disgusting!"
It was really weird to hear someone talking about the eco society from such a harsh perspective, when up until yesterday it all seemed so rosy. I learned how important it is for researchers to always talk to different kinds of people during fieldwork. I guess I'd spent too much time with the people from the COP 15 preparations. As the waiter poured another beer for us, I started to realize that everyone I'd met so far works in the fight against climate change: the people at the preparatory conferences, managers, assistants and their secretaries, caterers, video makers, drivers, hotel people, everyone was gaining money from climate change. Nicolau himself reports on climate change, it's his job! I guess one of the things about climate change is that it really generates a lot of jobs.
I asked Jon, "If what you say is true, is there no opposition to climate change?" He smiled bitterly. "Opposition, opposition…I am the opposition, look at me: an old and tired man. People are scared of me, Tatik, nobody talks to me, I lost all of my friends…" He continued, "It is a beaten war, my friend, they are getting all the Nobel Prizes and we have become hated like holocaust deniers. All I wanted was social justice, my friend, and here I am now. I am an eco outsider…alongside coal producers, airplane pilots and meat eaters." At that point, professor, a tear rolled down his face - it was really sad to see...
As you can imagine, things all got confused in my head. I already had all this pain inside me from Nicolau's betrayal and now hearing this totally new perspective on climate change and the eco society. It made me feel like I'd been under a spell. Like Eco is a mermaid's chant and it was about to seduce me, professor. I might have lost my voice, my purpose, my research focus! Do you think eco lies, like Nico lies? Do you think that this is not an utopia!?
Please help, professor. I think I am suffering the fieldwork blues!
Best regards,
To find out more about Tatik and read all of Tatik's letters to Prof. Loitik, clique here.
Art by Michala Brincker - www.art4fun.dk "Copenhaguen - The Mermaid City - Welcome"
Perhaps the Shopping Malls are a kind Eco-temple, where sacred eco-products are marketed? This must certainly keep up the eco-production and the eco-shares high on the eco-stock market. Very sad, the story of Jon, clearly from a rival eco-faction or eco-moiety, or eco-clan? "Hated as a holocaust denier"! A terrible fate for Jon in the Eco-world. He must feel like Dr. Verwoerd would feel if he were still alive, singing "I'm dreaming of a White Christmas" in Pretoria!
I see Tatik has lost her innocence…
I eat fish 5 times per week… It would also be necessary to rehabilitate the alfalfa!
Thanks for your dreams!
That's bad. I think professor will trust u…
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text:
PopCap is known for several notable games, such as Bejeweled and Plants vs. Zombies, but their next project has to rank among the coolest.
The reason? It was developed by a 9-year-old.
Owain Weinert was diagnosed with leukemia in 2010, and one of his wishes was to make a video game.
After sharing his wish with the Make-A-Wish Foundation of Alaska & Washington, the organization contacted PopCap, who invited Weinert to an in-house developers event called "PopCamp."
"The minute he walked in the door he handed us a fully realized game design, figured out to the last detail," said Matthew Lee Johnston, senior producer at PopCap's experimental label 4th & Battery. "He stuck with that vision, and directed the team through the development process like a pro."
The result: a side-scrolling shooter called Allied Star Police for the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad. It's available now for free on iTunes.
"This started off as a dream of mine, and now my friends and people all over the world can play my creation," said Weinert in a statement.
Check out the game's page on iTunes for more details, and PopCap has more info on the project at their website.
Mike Snider began covering the video game industry during the Super Nintendo-Sega Genesis clash in 1992. An original pinball wizard, he eventually was seduced by Robotron: 2084 and Tempest. These days he is a fan of action/shooters and lives out his Keith Moon fantasies playing a mean drum kit on music games. More about Mike.
Brett Molina has been writing about video games for USA TODAY since 2005. He is well-versed in Madden NFL, the fighting genre and first-person shooters. The first video game he played was Asteroids at a local arcade. He has been hooked ever since. More about Brett.


text:
Charity Concert for Suicide Prevention Services
Concert Hall, Hong Kong Cultural Centre
1 August 2009 Sat 8:00 pm
Conducted by Woo Zun Hin
Violin Solo: Faith Lee
指揮: 胡俊顯
小提琴獨奏: 李明懿
Woo Zun Hin was born and raised in the United States. He received his B.M. in violin performance studying under Michael Ma at the University of Oklahoma. He later went to pursue a Master's Degree in Orchestral Conducting at the University of Missouri-Columbia under the guidance of Edward Dolbashian. During this time, he co-founded the MU Chamber Soloists, served as assistant conductor of the Columbia Civic Orchestra for three years as well as the assistant conductor for the Show Me Opera. He also participated in the Pierre Monteux School for Conductors for two summers in Maine. Mr. Woo has been a violinist with the Hong Kong Sinfonietta for six years. In July 2003, he recorded the soundtrack for the movie Heroic Duo with the Shen Zhen Symphony. He has been the conductor of the Hong Kong Medical Association Orchestra since 2002. His performances with them have been broadcast live on TV and RTHK helping to raise millions for several charitable organizations over the years. With a wide range of experience from Baroque to contemporary and pop music, he has worked with international musicians such as Grammy Award nominee Howard McCrary, Joanna Ampil, Robert Vincenzio, and Hee-Ah Lee the famous "four fingered pianist." Woo has also collaborated with the Songsingers Choir and the Danse a Lili Ballet Academie. He is currently the conductor of the orchestras at both Wah Yan Colleges and King's College. In 2007 Woo has been regularly conducting the Hong Kong Chamber Orchestra and most recently conducted the Grandmaster Orchestra accompanying 5 soloists in the final round for the 2007 Fourth Chinese Works Piano Competition. In June 2009, he conducted a full performance of Johann Strauss Junior's operetta "Die Fledermaus" in Grand Theatre, Hong Kong Cultural Centre.
胡俊顯於美國奧克拉荷馬州大學在馬忠為教授的指導下取得小提琴演奏學位,繼在美蘇里哥倫比亞大學研習指揮,師承名家愛德華都伯生,取得交響樂指揮碩士。在美國期間,與同儕創立了美蘇里獨奏家室樂團,任職哥倫比亞人民管弦樂團副指揮,經常在當地演出歌劇及舞台劇,曾兩度獲選加入緬因州的指揮訓練學校 Pierre Monteux School for Conductors,深造指揮藝術。胡俊顯曾任香港小交響樂團小提琴手達六年,亦兼任九龍華仁書院及英皇書院的樂隊指揮,曾於二零零三年與深圳交響樂團灌錄電影<<雙雄>>的原聲唱片。自2002年起,胡俊顯任職香港醫學會管弦樂團指揮,為慈善機構籌得的善款數以百萬計,他與香港醫學會管弦樂團的精彩演出,曾於電視及香港電台直播。胡氏的演出經驗及音樂領域遼闊,對巴洛克時期至流行音樂都極具心得,和他合作過的音樂家包括格林美獎得主Howard McCrary,音樂劇歌唱家Joanna Ampil及Robert Vincenzio和著名的韓國四指鋼琴家李喜雅小姐。胡俊顯亦常和本地其他藝術團體如歌者合唱團和曾雪麗芭蕾舞團等合作,在2007年經常指揮香港室樂團,最近亦曾指揮藝韻交響樂團,在2007年第四屆中國作品鋼琴比賽中為五名鋼琴獨奏家伴奏。2009年六月,他在香港文化中心大劇院指揮小約翰‧史特勞斯的輕歌劇「蝙蝠之謎」,大受觀眾歡迎。
現年十歲,就讀瑪利曼小學四年級。父親李國東醫生,現為私人執業放射診斷科專科醫生。明懿五歲起隨李永純老師學習小提琴,獲益良多,並己考獲英國皇家音樂學院小提琴八級証書。在過去數年香港校際音樂節小提琴獨奏組和弦樂協奏曲組(12歲以下) 比賽中均獲三甲。現為香港兒童交響樂團成員及瑪利曼小學交響樂團副首席。
Faith Lee is 10 years of age, and a Primary 4 student at the Marymount Primary School (MPS). Her father, Dr. Rayson Lee Kwok Tung, is a specialist radiologist in private practice. Faith started her violin training at the age of five under Mr. Lee Wing Shun, and has received Grade 8 Violin Certificate of The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music.
At competitions of the Hong Kong Schools Music Festival, Faith won the First and Third Prizes in the Violin Solo and Violin Concerto (Age 12 and under) groups in 2008. A year later, she won the Second and Third Prizes in the same competition groups. Her talent is recognised by the renowned Hong Kong Children's Symphony Orchestra (HKCSO). She is currently the Associated Concertmaster of the MPS Orchestra.
Programme Presented by HKMA Orchestra
1. 蝙蝠序曲 Overture to "Die Fledermaus
Johann Strauss Jr.
2. A大調第五小提琴協奏曲,第一樂章 Violin Concerto No. 5 in A major, K. 219 - First Movement
莫札特 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
小提琴獨奏:李明懿 Violin Solo: Faith Lee
3. 「仲夏夜之夢」音樂選段 Selections from "A Midsummer Night's Dream"
孟德爾頌 Felix Mendelssohn
4. 電閃雷鳴波爾卡 Thunder and Lightning Polka
小約翰˙施特勞斯 Johann Strauss Jr.
5. 拉德斯基進行曲 Radetzky March
老約翰˙施特勞斯 Johann Strauss Sr.
Composer: Johann Strauss Jr. (1825-1899)小約翰˙施特勞斯 (1825-1899)
Die Fledermaus (The Bat) is an operetta composed by Johann Strauss Jr. to a German libretto by Carl Haffner and Richard Genée. Composed non-stop in forty-two "nights of veritable rapture", this is the younger Strauss's most celebrated and popular operetta - intoxicatingly melodious and exuberant. The story is based on a farce of mistaken identities, flirtations at a masked ball, elegant frivolities and confusions of all kinds to provide a hilarious vehicle for captivating music. The Overture is one of the most popular ever written, with five of the best tunes woven into a framework of the great 'Fledermaus Waltz'.
Composer: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 莫札特 (1756-1791)
莫札特作有五首小提琴協奏曲,經考證後全都是在他十多歲時寫的。A大調第五小提琴協奏曲完成於1775年,當時十九歲的莫札特是薩爾茲堡宮廷樂團的領隊,作品可能是給自己作獨奏之用。樂隊在第一樂章以「寬廣的快板」(Allegro aperto)開始,圓號為充滿力量的音樂增添溫暖。獨奏家進入之後,小提琴卻出乎意料地嫵媚婀娜,唱出如歌的旋律,直至後半部音樂再重拾開始時的能量。難怪愛因斯坦說這首小提琴協奏曲蘊藏著無可比擬的光芒、溫柔及機智。
All of Wolfgang's violin concertos were composed within a brief period in his teens. Violin Concerto No. 5 was the last of the series, completed in 1775 when he was serving as concertmaster for the court orchestra of the Archbishop of Salzburg. In the first movement, the horns add warmth to a robust opening (Allegro aperto). Somewhat surprisingly, when the soloist enters, the melody is richly lyrical, accompanied by gently swaying strings, forgetting the energetic mood in the beginning. The original energy is not resumed until after the violinist's ruminative little preamble, following which the solo violin introduces a commanding new theme over the same orchestral chords heard at the opening. One apt description of this master piece was by Alfred Einstein who wrote "this concerto is unsurpassed for brilliance, tenderness and wit."
Composer: Felix Mendelssohn 孟德爾頌 (1809-1847)
Felix Mendelssohn's score for William Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" is probably the most famous incidental music ever written. Shakespeare's play inspired the 17-year old Mendelssohn to compose the "overture", which was first performed in 1827 as an isolated concert piece. In 1842, when the matured Mendelssohn served as Music Director of the newly established Berlin Academy of Arts, the composer added vocal sections and other instrumental movements, and included the overture as one of the 14 sections of a complete set of incidental music to "A Midsummer Night's Dream". The instrumental movements are often excerpted for orchestral concert performance.
The Overture opens with four of the most evocative chords in music which beguilingly invite the listener into the magical forest outside. Scurrying bouncing strings depict the fairies darting through the woods, and the full orchestra proclaims the noble lovers' music. A series of accented, forceful chords in the low strings and brass pound out an earthy rhythm before the orchestra gives us a musical mischievous magic that has transformed one character into an ass. The development section starts again with fairies, after which Mendelssohn recapitulates the theme for the lovers. With the ass' hee-hawing, a passage of gentle modulation in the winds opens the end theme of the piece. The strings play a serenely beautiful transformation of the lovers' theme before the overture ends as it began, with those four magical chords.
The tranquil Nocturn depicts the deep mystery of the German forest as the lovers are falling asleep in complete exhaustion after a merry chase. The beautiful horn solo is doubled with the bassoon to absorb some of the brassy tone, magically added warmth to the music. The melodrama closes with a dreamy brightening up at the end to suggest the softness of dawn, preparing for the rise of the curtain in the next scene.
Although everybody is familiar with its trumpet solo tune in Wedding March, few know how popularity of this piece is connected to Mendelssohn's patron, the Prussian king who sponsored the Berlin Academy of Arts where the composer was Music Director. The king chose this piece as part of the ceremonial music at his son's wedding to the daughter of Queen Victoria in 1858, thereby popularizing its use at weddings in English-speaking countries.
Composer: Johann Strauss Jr. 小約翰˙施特勞斯(1825-1899)
The Thunder and Lightning Polka, once heard and never forgotten, is possibly the noisiest of dance pieces. The music evokes the sound of thunder and lightning through incessant drum rolls and cymbal crashes to accompany vigorous Polka dancing. It is more frequent than not included into theatre productions of Die Fledermaus.
Johann Strauss Sr. 老約翰˙施特勞斯 (1804-1849)
Although overshadowed by his son as the waltz king, Johann Strauss Sr. and his musical partner Joseph Lanner are credited with popularlizing the Viennese waltz and other salon dances like the quadrille and the polka. The two colleagues soon become rivals, but it was the son who would eventually eclipse them all. The father is best known for his Radetzky March, dedicated to the namesake Austrian Field Marshal. Supposedly the officers clapped their hands and stomped their feet during its premier performance. The custom has been carried out ever since and is traditionally used to end the New Year's Concert in Vienna as homage to the father.
Download the attached publications in HKMA Newsletter about our concert.


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Natalie likes to imitate everything that Mommy does. Today I decided to see if she wanted to help with the laundry.
Putting her special owl P.J.s into the washer
Time to move the clothes to the dryer
Inspector Natalie makes sure this piece of clothing meets current regulations before she puts it into the dryer.
It passed inspection, so in it goes.
Here are my special owl jammies again.
That was fun...got any more Mama?
from: Sue Golden
1 year ago


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|Bolton named interim SSISD superintendent; Gerald Prim Stadium improvements OKd
|From Staff Reports
May 11, 2004 -- Trustees for Sulphur Springs Independent School District appointed Patsy Bolton to act as interim superintendent beginning in July until a permanent replacement is found to replace Dr. Mark Henry as superintendent.
Henry announced April 23 that he was named the lone finalist for the superintendent position with Galena Park Independent School District. Henry said that he intends to accept the post after formally tendering his resignation on May 24, when the board meets to canvas results of this Saturday's trustees election. He will begin work at Galena Park ISD on July 1, the date Bolton is slated to assume the reigns for SSISD.
Bolton has served as an assistant superintendent of special programs for SSISD at the school for several years alongside Randy Reed, assistant superintendent of administration.
The board discussed the hiring of an interim superintendent during a 5:30 p.m. executive session held just prior to the 6:30 p.m. regular meeting of the board. Trustees voted on the matter and officially announced it at the conclusion of the regular meeting, just before reconvening executive session to consider other personnel contracts and matters.
Trustee Jackie Brice noted that Bolton's appointment as interim superintendent is contingent upon Henry's appointment and acceptance of the superintendent post at Galena Park. It was also noted that her acceptance of the position will henge on the contract meeting Texas Retirement System regulations. Both Bolton and Reed have been serving as assistant superintendents on a half-time retirement basis.
In other business during Monday night's board meeting, the board approved a one-time funding application for $2,500 for the Head Start Fatherhood Initiative program.
The board also approved a $66,866 bid from Hanna Construction Company of Sulphur Springs and East Texas Environmental Services of Tyler to reshape and crown the field at Gerald Pim Stadium. The finished field will have a one percent slope from midfield to each sideline. The field will also be level from end to end, eliminating the five-foot elevation difference from the southeast end zone to the4 northwest end zone.
Sprinkler and drainage systems will also be installed. The drainage system will span along the sidelines and along the north end, then connect to the storm sewer at a collection box located behind the curb on the south side of Houston Street near the new visitors dressing facility.
After the drainage and sprinker systems are complete, the field would be inspected and Bermuda sod installed in rolls. A final inspection would then be made and watering started to prepare the field for use by the first game in mid-August.
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Good news folks! We have created another handy studio download for you! Wood Kiln Firing Techniques and Tips: Inspiration and Information for Making a Wood-Fired Kiln and Firing with Wood is now available for Ceramic Arts Daily subscribers to download. Wood Firing Techniques and Tips includes four great articles that will appeal to both the… Read More »
When most potters in the West think of raku firing, they think of what should technically be referred to as "American" or "Western" raku: a process in which work is removed from the kiln at bright red heat and subjected to post-firing reduction (or smoking) by being placed in containers of combustible materials, which blackens raw clay and causes crazing in the glaze surface. This Western raku firing process has a huge draw for many potters because of its excitement and unpredictability. Here, we have gathered articles and videos on raku firing that will appeal to the novice and the expert alike. And if you are looking for glazes for your raku work, don't forget to download your free copy of Successful Tips and Techniques for Raku Firing: How to Select Raku Clays, Glazes, Kilns and Combustibles, a perfect resource for potters and ceramic artists who are ready to experiment with custom glazes, or for those who have grown tired of their own tried and true glazes.
The Nichrome Wire Solution: An Alternative to Raku Tongs Makes Raku Firing Large or Lidded Pots Easy
After the Paul Soldner video last Friday, I decided I would go on a bit of a raku kick here. So I searched out some more raku information and came up with this great tip from Cory Pinassi. Cory got frustrated struggling to move large, lidded and, oh yeah, RED-HOT forms to the post-firing reduction… Read More »
Peel Away Slip – A Great Raku Technique
This is a technique brought to us by Mark S. Richardson. The basic process has been around for quite a while, and has been known by different names, one of which is "naked raku" (but don't go getting your hopes up-it's not that kind of story). As with any firing process, you should wear protective… Read More »


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