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Recognizing & Preventing
Due to a very large volume of enquiries regarding injuries I will update this page with a more detailed version. If you have a specific problem, an enquiry that you would like to see detailed or information on a particular type of injury, please contact Ross Manson here.
Following are the basics that every person who owns a horse should be aware of and hopefully find some self help when you need it.
Sports Medicine and how it works
Treating the symptoms is not necessarily the right course
Long term problems, causes and what to do
Sports Medicine......
The use of sports medicine on horses has been in practice for a number of years. To appreciate the benefits you only need to consider that most professional sports people use a therapist to keep them competing at their top performance. The same can be said of competitive horse people in their chosen fields. Nowadays racehorse trainers, polo players, dressage, 3 day eventers, show jumpers etc. are using professional people to keep their horses in competitive condition.
Sports medicine is basically a method of keeping your horse physically supple and toned and treatment of injuries by a variety of methods. This in turn assists in the prevention of serious injury.
For instance if your horse has a back or hind quarter strain or is prone to "tying up" in these areas, then, to ease the discomfort the horse will place extra stress on the fore legs which in-turn places further stress on the tendons, which on occasions can lead to a bow.
This can also work in the reverse, say a horse has an existing tendon or foreleg problem, then the extra stain will be placed on the back and hind quarters, leading to strain or muscle problems.
Have you ever had a sore back or injured an ankle etc. What is the first thing you would do? For an ankle you would apply an ice pack to reduce the swelling, for a back problem, you probably would rest, then have a massage. If after an assessment of the injury you would then seek professional advice.
These two instances are common sense responses to the problem. So with that approach, you should deal with your horses problems in much the same way.
In many cases, injuries, which may appear serious at the on-set, can be treated with this common sense approach. An ice pack to the area of concern, rest, a massage and assessment of what should follow.
Remember one import thing. If you are not confident in your ability to assess the seriousness of injury, don't delay and call for professional help.
Finding the cause.....
This is very important. If your horse is lame or is not moving as it normally does, you need to take a good hard look at it.
Assessing the problem......
Lameness: Most cases of lameness are fairly easy to detect. But establishing the exact area is sometimes a little more difficult.
Usually quite pronounced limp, but to find where the soreness is simply a process of elimination. First, check the hoof, has the shoe moved, is there any heat in the hoof, are there bruises or abrasions to the heals? Then work your way up the leg, fetlock, tendons, knee and shoulder.
An easy way to detect heat in the foot is to stand the horse on some open ground, and wet both hooves with water. If one hoof dries markedly faster than the other - you have heat, which could be caused by inflammation in the hoof. Maybe as simple as a stone bruise or a shifted nail or as serious as bone injury in the foot, or founder (laminitis). With founder or internal bone injuries lameness is very evident, as well as excess heat.
Check for heat, swelling, abrasions first. Apply a little pressure to the joint by flexing. If you get a reaction to flexing, you may have a simple sprain or injury to the sesamoids, suspensory or joint capsule. Determine how lame the horse is, or how strong the reaction was to flexing of the joint. The greater reaction the more serious the injury. Excessive heat is another reliable symptom. In the first instance apply an ice pack to the fetlock, this will help reduce inflammation. Fetlock injuries are serious and need to be treated as such. When in doubt as to how serious, call a veterinarian, and receive the proper care.
Check for heat, swelling, abrasions first. Tendons or ligament injury can be either visible within a few hours or initial injury, or difficult to assess. With serious injuries, the horse will appear ok until it has cooled down. Once it is cool you will be able to see and feel lesions at the effected area. There is normally swelling and soreness to touch with tendon injuries. Apply an ice pack and have a veterinarian look at it. If there is no apparent swelling but the tendons are sore to touch, you may have just strain. If this being the case, ice the tendons twice a day and apply some liniment (careful in your choice of liniment as horses are much more sensitive than humans and may react to what we use on ourselves), and rest the horse.
Check for heat, swelling, abrasions first. Knee injuries are difficult for the novice to detect, unless of course there is obvious swelling or heat. Flexing the knee can be of benefit, if you get a reaction to flexing there is a possibility of bone injury. Normally when a horse has an injury to the knee you can see an altered gait. Have the horse trotted toward you and away from you. If there is a knee injury the horse will tend to throw the leg out to the side and impact the ground with the inside off its hoof on the injured leg and will dip the head as the hoof hits the ground. Knee injuries are serious and need assessment by experts, if you have doubts call your veterinarian.
Another difficult area for the novice. From experience I have found that what appears to be shoulder injuries are actually injuries to the hoof, fetlock, or knee in 90% of cases. But in the remaining 10% it is usually muscular problems that cause the lameness. Whether torn muscles or tying up, you will need to rest the horse and apply massage to the muscle area, also very light exercise is a help. I am not a fan of lunging horses with muscle problems, a preferable exercise is a mounted walk or trot in straight lines.
Treating the Symptoms......
This is where correct assessment or diagnosis of the injury comes into play. I have found on many occasions that misdiagnosis has caused further and more serious injury.
Broadly speaking, what appears to be a shoulder injury may actually be soreness in the lower limb or what appears to be a back injury may actually be a problem in the neck.
Correct assessment and diagnosis is essential to recovery.
Usually if you treat an area that appears to be the main cause of concern, probably 90% of the time you would be correct. There are instances where symptoms can be confused with the injury site.
I have found many times over where a horse has been treated for a sore back, and although this seems to be "fixed" for a while the sore back keeps on re-occurring. Through chiropractic manipulation of the neck and back area these types of injuries usually do not re-occur. It must be stressed that you do need a practitioner with experience to manipulate the correct area of the neck and back for this treatment to be successful. Also an experienced person should be able to tell you why this injury has been re-occurring. It may well be that another underlying injury is the actual cause of the problem. For instance if a horse has existing feet, fetlock, tendon or knee injuries this may be the initial cause of the sore back. Normally what I would suggest in this case is to treat the existing injury until such time as that has cleared up. All things being equal you should have a sound horse again without a sore back.
Preventing problems....
A very simple rule of thumb is to have your horse physically fit for the work you want it to perform.
A little common sense must prevail, for instance would you go out and play in some form of sport and expect to be competitive with-out any physical training. Have you ever had a run around with friends and the next day you feel muscle sore? I do not know too many people who would answer no to this question.
So you wish to compete, you should consider of how fit your horse is before you go into it. First, if you are a novice and would like to start in a particular horse sport, ask questions to the other people involved as to the amount of physical stress is placed on the horse. Ask about their training programs to fit their horse for competitive competition. Ask is your horse the right type of horse to compete. Most horse people are willing to share there knowledge, and you will be on the right road.
Ok you are ready to start preparing yourself and horse for your new interest. You will need a correct balanced feeding program, you will need the correct tack to use, you will need the correct training program.
From experience in dealing with sporting related injuries, a lot could have been prevented if the above was followed. Also there seems to be a lack of patience in some people who tend to push their horse just a little too hard too early in a training program. Most top trainers will tell you that if you put in the foundation work first, that is a steady consistent work load to start off with, then building to more demanding work as your horses fitness improves injury time and stress is brought to a minimum.
The majority of injuries that I treat are directly related to the fact that a horse has been asked to perform when its fitness level was not up to the task asked of it.
When a horse tires it is building large quantities of lactic acid in its muscles this will prevent proper function of the muscular system. When this happens and if the horse is still pushed to the limit stress will be placed on the tendons, ligaments, and skeleton this in turn can cause serious injury and often does.
Remember don't expect your horse to do what you feel you would be unable to do if you were a horse. Follow these simple rules and you will have a happy horse and a lot of fun competing safely with it.
Sudden onset of lameness...
Apart from injuries sustained during competition or accidents, common sudden lameness can usually be determined quite easily.
You leave your horse in perfect condition, then the next day you find it lame!
If you find this is the case check to see where the lameness is - if it happens to be say in the front leg somewhere, yet the day before there was not sign of lameness. Have you had the horse re-shod in the past few days? Have you been riding in a stony area? Is there signs of the horse being cast in it's stable? Did you leave bandages on your horses legs overnight?
If there is heat or discomfort for your horse to place it's hoof on the ground, chances are either a horseshoe nail is too tight, has shifted or, if recently shod, may be tender from being cut back too far or a nail close to or inside the white line. Or it could be a stone bruise.
Another common cause is that if your horse has kicked out during the night and has made contact with something solid, it could bruise it's heal or hock in the case of hind leg lameness.
If there is no sign of hoof lameness check the fetlocks tendons and knees.
If you think that the problem is in the hoof, remove the shoe, or call your blacksmith to look at it, he should be able to correct the problem.
Of course it goes without saying if the problem appears more serious to that which has been pointed out here call your vet or someone with experience to assist you.
Long term problems....
With many problems or lameness in horses, the main question an owner must ask is what are the limitations my horse can endure, or is it going to be able to do the job that I require if it?
In assessing this, one may need to draw the hard line, realizing that most horse people have a lot of affection for the old pals. I think that common sense should prevail in your assessment on your horses ability to perform the tasks comfortably as you require.
Without going into the emotional side of things, I feel that I am unqualified to suggest retirement in the case of sever existing discomfort without knowing the ailment or problem, I will touch on some common troubles which can be managed and help you and your horse enjoy each others company.
Dealing with older horses first. If you know the existing problem and have had professional advise as to how to deal with it. Follow what you have been told unless there is no improvement. You may need to consult a different source.
Older Horses: A lot of older horses tend to suffer from arthritic or feet problems, these can be managed by diet and supplements freely available at most stock feed outlets. For arthritic troubles I have found a supplement of the product MSM does have significant positive effect when fed as directed. There seems to be very few side effects from using this product, I have at times found that some horses become more virulent but long term there seems to be no other. For feet problems ensure regular attention of your blacksmith, one conversant with corrective shoeing.
A lot of older horses don't seem to need the protein intake of a younger horse but do need to be supplemented with vitamins and electrolytes in warmer weather. A good rule of thumb is to feed to the requirements of the workload needed. Be careful not to over feed an older horse as they tend to become "fat inside". This can cause extra stress on the heart and lungs if worked too hard.
Younger Horses: Depending on what the ailment is. First establish where the main area of concern is. If you wish to use this horse for competition the main thing to remember is a positive attitude to the suggested long term treatment of the area in concern. If your horse has been diagnosed with say fetlock or tendon injuries then you must follow the suggested ongoing maintenance treatment. To make short-cuts or to neglect the treatment will only result in a lot of downtime for your horse. Listen to professional opinions, even though they may sound laborious to contend with. The benefits will far out-way the consequences.


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A confession is a statement – made by a person or by a group of persons – acknowledging some personal fact that the person (or the group) would ostensibly prefer to keep hidden. The term presumes that the speaker is providing information that he believes the other party is not already aware of,[1] and is frequently associated with an admission of a moral or legal wrong:
In one sense it is the acknowledgment of having done something wrong, whether on purpose or not. Thus confessional texts usually provide information of a private nature previously unavailable. What a sinner tells a priest in the confessional, the documents criminals sign acknowledging what they have done, an autobiography in which the author acknowledges mistakes, and so on, are all examples of confessional texts.[2]
Not all confessions reveal wrongdoing, however. For example, a confession of love is often considered positive both by the confessor and by the recipient of the confession, and is a common theme in literature.[3][4] With respect to confessions of wrongdoing, there are several specific kinds of confessions that have significance beyond the social. A legal confession involves an admission of some wrongdoing that has legal consequence, while the concept of confession in religion varies widely across various belief systems, and is usually more akin to a ritual by which the person acknowledges thoughts or actions considered sinful or morally wrong within the confines of the confessor's religion. In some religions, confession takes the form of an oral communication to another person. Socially, however, the term may refer to admissions that are neither legally nor religiously significant.[1]
Confession often benefits the confessant. Paul Wilkes characterizes confession as "a pillar of mental health" because of its ability to relieve anxieties associated with keeping secrets.[5] Confessants are more likely to confess when the expected benefits outweigh the marginal costs (when the benefit of the offense to them is high, the cost to the victim is low, and the probability of information leakage is high).[6] People may undertake social confessions in order to relieve feelings of guilt or to seek forgiveness from a wronged party, but such confessions may also serve to create social bonds between the confessant and the confessor, and may prompt the listener to reply with confessions of their own.[1] A person may therefore confess wrongdoing to another person as a means of creating such a social bond, or of extracting reciprocal information from the other person.[1] A confession may be made in a self-aggrandizing manner, as a way for the confessant to claim credit for a misdeed for the purpose of eliciting a reaction to that claim.[1]
In law, there is an exception to the hearsay rule that allows testimony concerning someone else's confession to be admitted if the statement had a great enough tendency "to expose the declarant to civil or criminal liability". The theory is that a reasonable person would not make such a false confession.[7] In U.S. law, a confession must be voluntary in order to admissible.[8]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Roger W. Shuy, The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception (1998), p. 2–10.
- ^ Jorge J. E. Gracia, A Theory of Textuality: The Logic and Epistemology (1995), p. 94–95.
- ^ Giulio Marra, Shakespeare and this "imperfect" World: Dramatic Form and the Nature of Knowing (1997), p. 69, describing "the distinction between "to do" and "to confess", between having thoughts of love and confessing one's love, between the indetermination of a feeling and its final definition", as a theme that "creeps into the various stories".
- ^ Charles Emil Kany, The Beginnings of the Epistolary Novel in France, Italy and Spain (1937), Volume 21, Issues 1-6, p. 19.
- ^ Wilkes, Paul (2012). The Art of Confession: Renewing Yourself Through the Practice of Honesty. Workman Publishing. p. xi. ISBN 9780761168720.
Confession is also a pillar of mental health, for confession is about self-examination. It demands something for which there is no substitute: that we be honest with ourselves.
- ^ Sznycer, Daniel; Schniter, Eric; Tooby, John; Cosmides, Leda (5 September 2014). "Regulatory adaptations for delivering information: The case of confession". Evolution and Human Behavior. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.08.008.
- ^ "Rule 804. Hearsay Exceptions; Declarant Unavailable". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- ^ "18 U.S. Code § 3501 - Admissibility of confessions". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
External links[edit]
|Look up confession in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Confessions.

subset: commoncrawl


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Going to look like an Ole Miss home game in Birmingham... the Rebels brought a ton of fans for this one.
Going to look like an Ole Miss home game in Birmingham... the Rebels brought a ton of fans for this one.
We have 45 men suited up. They're all supposed to be ready to play.
-Bill Belichick
With this being Pitt's 3rd time in 3 years to come to B'ham I'm thinking 1000 Pitt fans and 40,000 Ole Siss fans. Ole Miss home game is right.
Glad to see the game finally get a good crowd with a close SEC team. They've had trouble getting enough teams to qualify and they've had to get someone from another league. This year the bowl moved up in the pecking order and as able to get the Rebels.
I am so glad the Ole Miss fans came out. Good for Compass, they needed Ole Miss to bring their fans.
Roll Tide
I knew I liked Freeze, but hearing that speech was great. I see why the players like him.
Roll Tide
I think that Pitt wins this game, but will be pulling for the Rebels.
Hope Ole Misery wins! I'm at work and can't watch.
Is Mike Shanahan related to Mike Shanahan?
Nice interception by ole miss
Quick score by ole miss!
Roll Tide
Td ole miss on a 3rd and 13
"Well, this is the second time this season now that Florida has found itself trailing in a ballgame, they were down 7-0 against Kentucky. There are few truths in an uncertain world but here's one, this ain't Kentucky!" - Verne Lundquist
Rebels TD looks like...
You think the sunseri bros. Have discussed ND?


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BOSTON (CBS) – The Consumer Product Safety Commission announced a recall of 90,000 Bassettbaby drop-side cribs. Read more about the specific model numbers, and what to do if you have one of these cribs, on the CPSC.gov web site.
Drop-Side Crib RecallNovember 23, 2010 11:34 AM
Bassettbaby crib recall, drop side cribs(credit: CPSC)


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The Detroit Tigers traded away Austin Jackson in July in order to acquire pitcher David Price. Did the team do so knowing they could make a serious push for the latest big-name Cuban outfielder?
As of today, that angle is beginning to look more possible. Outfielder Rusney Castillo, who is being pursued by the likes of the Yankees, Red Sox, Dodgers and Cubs, might have a place in Detroit after all. Early on, it didn't appear as if Detroit would be in on the bidding thanks to their established center fielder.
Now, the Tigers are looking like a top big-market suitor set to join the others. Lynn Henning of the Detroit News discussed the possibility of Detroit landing Castillo, and admitted the angle of the team losing Jackson may be playing a significant role in their ramped-up interest of the center fielder.
"There is no indication the Tigers were seriously contemplating Castillo when they sent Jackson to the Mariners at the July trade deadline. But even a starter as inconsistent as Jackson has largely been missed since he was dealt so suddenly 15 days ago."
Since Jackson departed, the Tigers have gotten average at-best results from the tandem of Rajai Davis and Ezequiel Carrera in center field. As Henning notes, Detroit would prefer that Davis play in left field. Outside of a fantastic diving catch against the Yankees, Carrera isn't proven enough as a player and hitter at the big league level to depend on consistent results.
Castillo, 27, figures to have a combination of raw speed and power both in the field and at the plate that fellow Cubans Yoenis Cespedes and Yasiel Puig have had before him, meaning he would certainly be an upgrade over Davis and Carrera and quite possibly even Jackson, as well.
An anonymous American League scout Henning spoke with didn't disagree.
"His bat impressed me with his ability to square up the ball, with power all over the field. He can run down almost anything in the outfield. He's a 70 runner (80 is maximum scouting score), his hands are fine, his arm is average to solid-average. His minimum—his floor—is a fourth outfielder who could be used as a defensive replacement or pinch-runner every day. His ceiling is an All-Star center fielder. I think he fits somewhere in between."
The move to add Castillo before a more established major leaguer such as Daniel Nava would still be risky. Despite his good virtues, Castillo would certainly face an adjustment period down the stretch both at the plate and in cavernous Comerica Park. Additionally, none of the Cubans have yet failed, with Jose Abreu, Puig and Cespedes all playing All-Star caliber baseball. It provides room for hope with Castello, but also trepidation, considering one could be due to fall flat.
Still, there's no arguing that Castillo would be a better option to trot out daily than Carrera, meaning the move could provide the team with the offensive jolt of energy they so badly seem to need on a daily basis.
Castillo's signing process could wrap up next week, with reports suggesting he could sign a multi-year contract worth nearly $50-60 million dollars.
Will Detroit's unique position of offering both championship contention and a spot as an immediate starter pay off? It's worth watching in the days ahead.
Max DeMara is the editor of @tigers_101. Follow the site there on Twitter, or like it on Facebook to connect with him.
Seeing your team play in the SuperBowl is priceless. Watching the SuperBowl live in the stands for $1 per week is beyond priceless. Find out how at TicketScore.com, the future of Championship Tickets.
Tags: Austin Jackson, Baseball, Detroit, Detroit Tigers, Ezequiel Carrera, Jose Abreu, MLB, Rajai Davis, Rusney Castillo, Yasiel Puig, Yoenis Cespedes


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Successful vaccination against infectious diseases has been practiced for over 200 years. Indeed, it has been stated that vaccination is the most cost-effective method of reducing animal suffering and economic losses due to infectious diseases in animals. However, even with these successes, infectious diseases continue to be of economic significance to society in reduced productivity and animal death. The advent of genomics, proteomics, and biotechnology, combined with our understanding of pathogenesis and immune responses to various pathogens provides us with an unprecedented opportunity to develop safer and more effective vaccines for many pathogens. In addition to using vaccines to cure infectious diseases of animals, it is also possible to immunize animals against various hormones and cellular proteins to improve growth and alter reproductive efficiency. The present review will focus on the different types of genetically engineered vaccines that are presently at different stages of development, clinical trials, or licensing. These include: 1) live vaccines, 2) live chimeric vaccines, 3) live replication-defective vaccines, 4) subunit vaccines, 5) peptide vaccines in various modifications of monovalent, multivalent, or chimeric subunit vaccines delivered as individual components or incorporated into virus-like particles for improved immunogenicity, and 6) polynucleotide vaccines.
Subunit Vaccines
Subunit vaccines are defined as those containing one or more pure or semi-pure antigens. In order to develop subunit vaccines, it is critical to identify the individual components out of a myriad of proteins and glycoproteins of the pathogen that are involved in inducing protection. Indeed, some proteins, if included in the vaccine, may be immunosuppressive, whereas in other cases immune responses to some proteins may actually enhance disease. Thus, it is critical to identify those proteins that are important for inducing protection and eliminate the others. Combining genomics with our understanding of pathogenesis, it is possible to identify specific proteins from most pathogens that are critical in inducing the immune responses. The potential advantages of using subunits as vaccines are the increased safety, less antigenic competition, since only a few components are included in the vaccine, ability to target the vaccines to the site where immunity is required, and the ability to differentiate vaccinated animals from infected animals (marker vaccines). One of the disadvantages of subunit vaccines is that they generally require strong adjuvants and these adjuvants often induce tissue reactions. Secondly, duration of immunity is generally shorter than with live vaccines. In addition to using a whole protein as a vaccine, it is possible to identify individual epitopes within these protective proteins and develop peptide vaccines. The major disadvantage of peptide vaccines is that they often need to be linked to carriers to enhance their immunogenicity and, secondly, a pathogen can escape immune responses to a single epitope versus multiple epitope vaccines. To overcome some of these disadvantages, chimeric peptides can be made to broaden the immune response to different epitopes.
Live Genetically Engineered Vaccines
Live vaccines are generally believed to give excellent immune responses because they simulate a natural infection. However, conventional attenuation is generally unreliable, therefore, novel approaches to attenuation are being developed. Using molecular approaches, it is possible to identify specific virulence genes from a variety of different pathogens and to induce multiple mutations or even delete the entire gene in question - depending on the pathogen. By introducing these multiple mutations or deletions, it is possible to develop a safer vaccine than using conventional attenuation technologies. For example, the degree of attenuation can be controlled by deleting or mutating the appropriate gene or groups of genes. By deleting an entire gene or portion of a gene, the chances of reversion to virulence is dramatically reduced. The probability of reversion to virulence can further be reduced if two different spacially-separated genes are deleted or mutated. Based on these factors, these newly engineered vaccines should be much safer than conventionally-produced live vaccines. In addition, to being safer, these gene-deleted vaccines can also be used as 'marker vaccines'. By deleting an essential gene, one can develop replication incompetent vaccines which are extremely safe since they cannot be transmitted in the environment. A further advantage of live vaccines is that they can often be delivered via the natural route of infection (mucosal route), thus inducing not only systemic immunity, but also mucosal immunity. By developing mucosal immunity, one can prevent the initiation of infection as well as preventing disease.
It is also possible to introduce genes coding for protective antigens into viral or bacterial vectors, thereby immunize animals against both the vector and the pathogen from which the foreign gene was derived. These live vectored vaccines are being used to not only control infectious diseases of domestic animals, but of wildlife as well. This approach has resulted in a dramatic reduction in transmission of rabies from wildlife to domestic animals and humans. This would not have been possible by conventional methods.
Polynucleotide Vaccination
The most recent development in vaccinology is immunization with polynucleotides. This technology has been referred to as genetic immunization or DNA immunization. The basis for this approach to immunization is that cells can take-up plasmid DNA and express the genes within the transfected cells. Thus, the animal acts as a bioreactor to produce the vaccine. This makes the vaccine relatively inexpensive to produce. Some of the advantages of polynucleotide immunization is that it is extremely safe, induces a broad range of immune responses (cellular and humoral responses), long-lived immunity, and, most importantly, can induce immune responses in the presence of maternal antibodies. Most recently, it has also been used for immunizing fetuses. Thus, animals are born immune to the pathogens and at no time in the animal's life are they susceptible to these infectious agents. Although this is one of the most attractive developments in vaccinology, there is a great need to develop better delivery systems to improve the transfection efficiency in vivo.


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4th Annual Fall Fundraising Dinner Beyond the Bars
Insight Prison Project
Thursday, November 14, 2013 from 5:30 PM to 9:30 PM (PST)
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
4th Annual Fall Fundraising Dinner
Beyond the Bars
4th Annual Fall Fundraising Dinner - Beyond the Bars
Thursday, November 14, 2013
5:30 pm - 9:00 pm
Cocktails, dinner and presentations about incarceration, recidivism and reversing these growing trends
The Golden Gate Club, Presidio of San Francisco
KEYNOTE SPEAKER: CNN Hero Susan Burton, Executive Director of A New Way of Life, Re-Entry Project
"I was formerly incarcerated and when we walk out of a prison door, they say pull yourself up by your boot straps. Well damn, we don't have no boots, so how do you pull up something that ain't there," says CNN Hero Susan Burton.
Those words would serve as motivational fuel for Burton, who started the non-profit that would change the lives of over 600 formerly incarcerated women. Burton's own experience with incarceration started with tragedy. She lost her 5-year old son, when he was hit and killed accidently by a car. Grieving from the loss, she became addicted to drugs and alcohol and went to prison. When she was released from prison she soon realized that she had no support from her community of South L.A. After being given what Burton calls "boots" from two helpful women, she was able to "walk" on a new path of sobriety and freedom. She now works to give other formerly incarcerated women the "boots" they need to start their life over.
Ways You Can Be A Part of the 4th Annual Fall Fundraising Dinner
Event Sponsorship: Support IPP's programs by sponsoring the dinner.
Host a Table: Every year, table captains agree to write or raise $2,500 to support IPP's programs by inviting their family, friends, and coworkers to become supporters of our work.
RSVP to Attend: We have a limited number of individual tickets for $250 to attend the dinner. If you are interested in attending, please RSVP soon.
Donate to the Raffle: What can you do? Donate services, handmade jewelry, a weekend away in wine country, a day of sailing on the bay, personal training lessons, a case of wine, private cooking lessons......we welcome your creativity!
For information about these opportunities, please contact:
Jennifer Thompson
IPP Operations Manager / Assistant Fundraising Director
(415) 459-9800
About Insight Prison Project
For over fifteen years, IPP has provided programs that foster insight and lasting behavioral change for prisoners in the California correctional system. IPP's programs are conducted by community volunteers and crime survivors. They create a rare and effective response to our statewide prison crisis and to the needs of prisoners, parolees, crime survivors and community members.
This fall we are hosting our 4th Annual Fall Fundraiser, "Beyond the Bars," to celebrate our efforts and to bring together a diverse group of allies and donors who understand that, with personal commitment, understanding, collaboration and the right tools, prisoners can leave our broken system without being broken themselves.
When & Where
The Golden Gate Club, Presidio of San Francisco
135 Fisher Loop
San Francisco,
Thursday, November 14, 2013 from 5:30 PM to 9:30 PM (PST)
Add to my calendar
Insight Prison Project
Mission: IPP transforms the lives of those impacted by incarceration through programs and trainings designed to develop behavior consistent with insight and accountability.
Vision: A vibrant and just society, free of violence, inspiring individual transformation beyond the walls of both personal and institutional incarceration.
Since 1997, the Insight Prison Project has been dedicated to reducing recidivism rates and improving public safety by conducting highly-effective in-prison rehabilitation programs that provide prisoners with the tools and life skills necessary to create durable change. Our classes focus on preparing the men to become responsible and productive members of the community when they leave prison.
For more information about Insight Prison Project, please visit our website at www.InsightPrisonProject.org


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A University of Tennessee football legend received a very special picture Thursday evening.
Artist Alexander Dumas presented a painting to Richard Pickens during a special ceremony at Clarity Point. Pickens was the Vols' starting full back under head coach Doug Dickey from 1966 to 1968.
In the painting, Pickens is carrying the game-winning ball in the 1967 SEC championship game against Bear Bryant's Alabama Crimson Tide.
Dumas says Pickens asked him to paint the picture more than 17 years ago.
"He came by to pick it up, showed up in a VW. Painting won't fit in a VW. He says 'I'll give you my new address, I'll let you know.' Seventeen and a half years go by-- no Richard Pickens. I figured one of us was gonna die first," said Dumas.
Dumas has been painting for almost 60 years and is self taught. Paintings from his "War Series" were also on display Thursday.


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Get ready to rumble when an evening of wrestling returns to Epsom.
LDN wrestling, whose shows have been thrilling fans for years, are promising an evening of thrilling action from the top rope and beyond.
The show will feature names from the world of wrestling in tag team and single bouts, with the climax of the evening being the all-in Rumble - when the wrestlers can only be eliminated by being thrown out of the ring over the top rope, and the last man left standing is the winner.
The audience will be treated to top names including the LDN British Heavyweight Champion Alan Lee Travis, Peckham Playboy Hakan, teenage sensation Kid Dynamite, Lone Wolf Matt Walters and many more.
LDN Wrestling, Epsom Playhouse, Ashley Avenue, Epsom, October 26, 7.30pm, £10.50, call 01372 742555, visit www.epsomplayhouse.co.uk


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JAPANESE-FUNDED FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM FOR JAPAN POSTDOCTORALS Release Date: May 21, 1998 P.T. Fogarty International Center Through arrangements made with the Fogarty International Center (FIC) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) will award up to thirty post-doctoral fellowships to Japanese researchers currently at NIH. Fellowships must begin on January 1, February 1, or March 1, 1999. This program is designed to support meritorious biomedical and behavioral research projects undertaken in NIH laboratories by young Japanese postdoctoral researchers. These researchers are already conducting intramural research at an NIH institute or center, and may have completed their first year of research and training at NIH. This fellowship will support each fellow for up to two additional years. Applications must be received by July 3. INQUIRIES For application forms and further information, contact: Dr. Kathleen Michels or Ms. Sheila Feldman Division of International Training and Research Fogarty International Center 31 Center Drive, Room B2C39 - MSC 2220 Bethesda, MD 20892-2220 Telephone: (301) 496-1653 FAX: (301) 402-0779 Email: email@example.com
Return to Volume Index
Return to NIH Guide Main Index
Office of Extramural
Research (OER)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Department of Health
and Human Services (HHS)
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(October 2000)
In my opinion, most of the freeware technologies (certainly all the popular ones we hear some much about) are all very good solutions for most people. They do differ around the edges in terms of their implementation choices, have their own eccentricities, and sometimes have an interesting feature that few if any of the others have. But ultimately if you're going to roll your own they all do the job quite well. However, with respect to the "extra" features of one versus another, does anyone know of a good comparison chart? There used to be one that circulated years ago but I haven't seen anything recently. Any good web-based material? Jim


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Village Theater at Cherry Hill
First United Methodist Church
Penn Theatre
St. John's Chapel
Detroit Institute of Arts
Brighton Center for
* Canton Township's Village Theater at Cherry Hill strives to make its performances and facilities accessible to all our patrons. For additional information please contact our front of house office at 734-394-5308.
Accessible Entrances - all entrances to the theater are accessible and have automatic doors.
Accessible Seating - wheelchair and scooter-accessible seating is available for people with mobility disabilities who require the specific features of accessible seating because of their disability in both the main theater and Biltmore studio.
Note - For main theater "general admission" performances and any event in the studio (since seating is not reserved in that room,) please let the house manager know of your seating needs when you arrive at the theater for accommodation as available first-come, first-serve.
Accessible Restrooms - all restrooms at the theater are accessible.
Accessible Parking - designated accessible parking for vehicles bearing valid disability parking placards or license plates is available on a first-come, first-served basis at both the rear and front theater entrances.
Assistive listening devices - amplify and clarify sound by cutting down or eliminating ambient noise. Infrared assistive listening systems are available in the main theater. Headsets with induction neckloops are available for patrons who use hearing aids and cochlear implants with. Headsets are distributed free-of-charge on a first-come, first-served basis from the coat check in the main lobby.
Personal Responsibility Statement - The Village Theater at Cherry Hill prides itself on offering a diverse selection of art exhibition and arts entertainment for our patrons. Not all productions or art exhibitions may appeal to or be appropriate for every person or for all ages. Therefore, patrons are encouraged to familiarize themselves with the shows we offer in order to make informed decisions prior to purchasing tickets.
© Copyright 2017 Michigan Philharmonic. All Rights Reserved.


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Track using Order ID
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It is already a best seller what other proof you want to buy it, anyway i will share my insight about this book. A good book to know about nutrition in lay man's term. Nicely put with all those short stories, but author could have restricted to English alone rather hindi and english in those stories. whom so ever wanna eat rite food should read this book once in their life time, i am sure it will change the way u presume about eating food and the term DIET.
Nice work Rijita Diwekar


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"The movie business has always had a love affair with casinos. Casinos love the movies. Television and film sell emotion. Casinos sell adrenaline. There are also commercial benefits," he told The Australian Financial Review.
The billionaire is behind an investment vehicle,
RatPac will co-finance films, including Grudge Match, starring Robert De Niro and Sylvester Stallone, and Gravity, starring George Clooney and Sandra Bullock. Other projects include Jersey Boys (directed by Clint Eastwood) and The Water Diviner, Russell Crowe's Gallipoli blockbuster.
New direction
The deal marks a new direction for Mr Packer, who is keen to grow his business interests in the United States and tap into the booming Chinese entertainment market.
"I think we can on a smaller scale do what we did with the casinos," Mr Packer said. "I want to make movies that celebrate both cultures. There are a lot of parallels with the casino business." He referenced the forthcoming Rush Hour 4 which he says will be set in Macau, and feature a new flagship property developed by Mr Packer's Melco Crown division.
The film will be directed by Hollywood director Brett Ratner, who is the "Rat" in Ratpac. The pair has teamed up with Dune Entertainment, controlled by
It is understood that RatPac-Dune will not be able to cherry pick its favourite films, unlike Warner's previous partner Legendary.
Instead the vehicle will be obliged to inject equity into each film released by the studio, with the exception of the remaining films in The Hobbit trilogy and the Harry Potter spin-off being written by J. K. Rowling.
Next stop China
"There is a globalisation play here," said Mr Packer. "There is a real chance to grab the opportunity in China. In 10 years' time the Chinese box office will have overtaken the United States.
"I'd like to see my business interests spread out evenly across the US, Australia and China."
Mr Ratner has said the deal would allow the three men to build library assets. He is also keen to co-finance Chinese movies. "James is very savvy about Asia and understands the culture," he told the Financial Review. "Anyone can co-finance movies. But to get movies to work in Asia you need to know how things work. It's more than putting a Chinese actor in the film. They have to satisfy their domestic audience." He added: "We are betting on management at Warner Brothers."
Mr Packer has built a casino business in Macau with Stanley Ho, Melco Crown, which has a market value of $US17 billion. His major investment in the US until Ratpac was a 9.4 per cent stake in property website Zillow.
Putting Sydney on the map
Mr Packer, who has filed for divorce from his wife Ericar, would not comment on his personal situation. He will set up an office in Los Angeles. His other base will be a new office in Barangaroo when a proposed luxury Crown hotel and casino complex is built.
"Sydney remains my first, second and third priority," he said. "This helps that. We can use the movies to help put the Sydney hotel on the map".
It is understood Packer used the proceeds from the recent sale of Seek and Magellen shares to fund the Ratpac investment. He would not say what his personal investment is but it seems likely it is less than $100 million. "This is certainly not the dumbest thing I've ever done. Whether it works perfectly is another question," he said.
Hollywood studios have struggled to attract big-name investment banks since the global financial crisis due to the banks' heightened fear of taking big risks in the notoriously fickle movie industry.
Warner Bros had previously been backed by Wall Street-financed Legendary Entertainment, which co-invested alongside Warner Bros in hits such as The Hangover and The Dark Knight. In July Legendary struck a deal with Warner's rival, Universal Studios, which is owned by Comcast.
Mr Ratner told Deadline.com his partnership with Mr Packer "grew out of friendship". "We had a common interest, a love for movies and entertainment, and we partnered on a few things while he was getting out of the business his father [Kerry] built.
"We talked about partnering in a film company, but we found it was at a time when studios were not looking for partners. James looked at me and said, 'Ratner, Packer, no one else would be able to back up a company called RatPac, so let's go for it.' "
The Australian Financial Review


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PAWESTMO-L ArchivesArchiver > PAWESTMO > 2001-02 > 0983307148
From: Patricia Homlish <>
Subject: [PAWESTMO-L] RICE family of Westmoreland County
Date: Tue, 27 Feb 2001 15:52:28 -0500
Ray: I don't know if any of these notations will help you or not, but
thought I would share them with you. My aunt kept notes in almanac's
from 1928 until 1962 and as yet I do not know how these families were
related or if they were related, but for some reason she thought they
were important enough to record.
Crossland, Barbara Ellen D 1\27 Jan 1935 66y7m25da
Crossland, Charles Brother James D 25 Sep 1949
Crossland, Emma D 18 Sep 1951
Crossland, J. P. D 12 Mar 1938
Crossland, James Brother Charles D 22Oct 1949
Rice, George Killed 15 Jan 1950 At Pennsville
Rice, Mrs. Goldie & Ernest Trazenbaker M. 14 Dec 1929 Everson
Hope this is some help to you. Patricia
This thread:
|[PAWESTMO-L] RICE family of Westmoreland County by Patricia Homlish <>


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Ever feel like you fall in to a cycle where you no matter how hard you try what you are doing just doesn't seem to work? You get frustrated, feel like quitting and then to make matters worse, you start to look at those around you and think "what is wrong with me?!"
Just me? That's fine, I'll tell you how I deal with it then. A few weeks ago, I was struggling through another speed work session and pondering how it was possible to not be improving…clearly I should just never plan to get faster and be done with it…or not. I realized fear, failure and comparison were making a rough spot that much worse, instead of motivating me.
Thomas Edison tried more than 9,000 experiments before he created the first successful light bulb.
Michael Jordan was removed from the high school basketball team because of his "lack of skill".
Steven Spielberg was placed in a learning-disabled class. He only lasted a month and then dropped out of school forever.
Oprah was fired from her job as a television reporter because she was "unfit for tv."
Failing is a lesson to teach us what not to do on the next go round. It's something we've often heard, but I feel like we can't be reminded often enough that perfection isn't the name of the game and most people aren't super stars at what they do straight out of the womb. I realized that while I haven't seen the progress I want in my speed, I have been testing out new workouts and seeking answers…so I'm not failing, I'm LEARNING.We often don't label what is holding us back as FEAR because we are strong, confident, taken on the world, accomplish amazing things women…but every time we worry if what we are doing is "good enough" that's fear. One great tip I received was to focus on putting out what you are proud of and then no matter what the response, you did it to the best of your ability and no more can be asked of you than that. Who's to say your best isn't more than enough?
In many cases, I believe if we were focused solely on what we were doing our fear of failure would be less. It's so easy to see others current level of success and believe you should be right there with them. Though you have no idea that maybe they struggled for years to attain the perfect job or had been running a decade before really hitting their stride.
However, comparison isn't all bad when used in the right way; use it to identify what you truly want. If you want the PR, the nice car, the writing job, then figure out what you need to do to get there and start taking action. Be unafraid to fail because every failure will teach you something new and make it possible to achieve more than you originally had the knowledge to even envision.
Write an entire page..not 2 lines not 5, an ENTIRE PAGE of all your successes from the last year. You will immediately remember all the things that didn't go well and maybe a few good one's…then it will require you to dig and then you will start to see how many successes you simply glaze over each day. It's important to give yourself time to appreciate that progress before jumping on to the next big thing…you know that whole appreciate what you have thing kinda works.
Another new tool I am going to implement I found in The Charge. On Friday of each week before leaving, I will write down things I learned and a few successes. It's an ongoing reminder that I am constantly challenging myself and while not all things are going perfect, I am making progress.
I know there has been A LOT here recently about goal setting, habit changing and so forth. That's because I figured if I needed to hear it, someone else probably did too.
Gratitude Journal
Dec 13
I am grateful for Christmas cards that arrive unexpectedly from across the country, reminding me that friends are really forever even when separated by many miles and lacking phone calls.


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Amped Wireless R20000G, SR20000G, and UA2000: Routers, Repeaters, and Adapters (Oh My!)by Jarred Walton on 6/23/2012 12:00 AM EST
- Posted in
- Networking
- wireless
- 802.11n
- Amped Wireless
28 Comments
Back to Article
tonyt87 - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkCisco/Linksys switched to Marvell chipsets with the 4200v2 and 4500, the original 4200 uses Broadcom. Reply
arthur449 - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkI used the SR10000 repeater recently to provide a solution for weak / non-existent signal anywhere beyond the far end of their apartment where they kept all of their computer equipment. I positioned the repeater in a higher/more centralized location and they get great reception to it.
This is after I made absolutely sure they could not stand to run an ethernet cable/use powerline networking or reposition their overpriced fruit-branded wireless router to a new (higher) location rather than keeping it beneath a desk. Apparently, they have a fear of wires, yet hate unreliable connections. *shrug*
Anyhow, the repeater gives them reception in the places where it was simply impossible and didn't create any additional unsightly cords.
I've only run into one problem: When the fruit-branded wireless router loses power, the SR10000 repeater freaks the *$(@ out and does not automatically reconnect to the fruit-branded network when it comes back online. While I'm certain a static IP for the wireless repeater would fix this, the client can't remember the fruit-branded router's admin password and a full reset is strictly forbidden. Reply
ShinyLeaf - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkI have this same repeater (SR10000) and a non-fruit branded router with the same problem. I tried to switching to static IP and it doesn't fix the problem.
Anytime the router / access point loses power, or the repeater loses the wireless connection for a sec (microwave interference, etc), the repeater just craps out and I need to unplug/plug-in to get it to reconnect.
Probably a firmware issue, but there hasn't been any update in 6 months. Reply
irev210 - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkThere is a bigger comparison over at smallnetbuilder - not really that impressive:
Pretty sad, really. Reply
mevans336 - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkI read the Smallnetbuilder review and came away with the same opinion.
Their "coverage" claims reek of sleazy marketing hype to confuse the average consumer. "Oh look, we cover 10,000 bajillion feet!" when in actuality, their coverage is no better than any other wireless router on the market. Reply
JarredWalton - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkNote that the smallnetbuilder review is for the R10000G, so there's no 5GHz support. Looks like 2.4GHz support is roughly the same, given our different test locations, though I was able to connect at the worst-case location without trouble. Also note that smallnetbuilder only tests with one wireless adapter on the newer routers, the Intel Ultimate-N 6300. If you couldn't tell, in my experience the choice of wireless adapter can make a very large difference in some tests.
That's the hard thing with wireless testing: change any variable (router, adapter, time of day, weather, drivers, test laptop, positioning, etc.) and you can't guarantee the results are directly comparable. Ideally, I'd want to do a large roundup of at least ten different wireless adapters and test those with a couple different routers -- and if you really want to be apples-to-apples, you'd need to test them all in the same laptop or use a PCI card. From that, you can determine which adapters work best in general. Then take the top three adapters and test every router with those adapters, and you should be able to determine which routers work the best.
That, incidentally, is a TON of work, assuming you can even get all the hardware to test with. Given the amount of testing, you'd be looking at different adapters/routers on different days with different weather, so you'd probably need to test each adapter/router combination at least twice (e.g. several days apart) to verify there's no massive change in performance, and if there is then test a third time. I'm not sure if there's enough value in doing that much testing, so the result is more "rough estimate" type reviews, like what I've done. Reply
Olaf van der Spek - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkIsn't DD-WRT (development) dead anyway? Reply
JarredWalton - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkI don't believe so; you can get a build dated March 15, 2012 for the ASUS RT-N66U for example. There are also similar tools out there (OpenWRT, MyOpenRouter--Netgear only on that one). I think it would be best to state that the set of new hardware being supported is very limited, so if you want DD-WRT support you need to shop with that intention. Reply
Olaf van der Spek - Sunday, June 24, 2012 - linkLatest stable release has been v24 SP1 (Build10020) and Latest development release has been v24 preSP2 (Build13064) for years.
A build dated March 15, 2012 doesn't mean that much.
Is there a comparison between DD-WRT and OpenWRT available somewhere? Reply
blindbox - Monday, June 25, 2012 - linkYou should take a look at their source revisions. For example, OpenWrt just hit their 32000th revision about a month ago.
Anyway, here's where you can see progress.
OpenWRT https://dev.openwrt.org/browser
DD-WRT http://svn.dd-wrt.com/browser
Last commit for OpenWRT was 20 hours ago. For DD-Wrt, it was 50 minutes ago.
DD-WRT does provide snapshot builds but I don't know why they've stopped releasing stable builds altogether. OpenWrt at least has their somewhat yearly stable releases. Reply
blindbox - Monday, June 25, 2012 - linkJust to add. For people like me, I won't even be looking at these. All I look at is the hardware specs, whether the device is Atheros or not, and whether it's flashable to OpenWrt or otherwise. Any of these conditions that are not met and it's just another device to me.
That said, <shamelessplug>TP-Link WR1043ND FTW</shamelessplug> Reply
dgingeri - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkThese are out of date as soon as they are released. the new WD routers exceed these on features all the way across the board. Reply
JarredWalton - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkYou do realize that comparing features that are on papers to determine which router is "better" is asking for problems, right? On paper, the R20000G and Belkin N600 are "identical", but in practice they're anything but. I wouldn't even venture to declare something as being "better" without some practical testing from a reputable source. You'll also note that if you're just after maximum performance within close proximity, even as a 2x2:2 router there are cases where Amped's previous R10000G tops the performance charts (http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/lanwan/router-chart... Reply
Blark - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkEngadget put them through their test labs also and it worked great for them.... http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/06/amped-wireless-...
I bought a R200000G after reading the review and compared it to my Linksys EA4500. The amped product goes roughly 50-70 feet past the furthest spot I used to be able to go on the Linksys router. The Linksys router how ever provided faster throughput from 0-30 feet. I would take the range over soup close speed any day as I had dead spots before.
Tried their SR10000 also and it works well for us. Reply
996GT2 - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkHow does this wireless adapter compare to the gold standard Alfa AWUS036H in terms of range?
For those who don't know about the Alfa: http://www.amazon.com/Alfa-AWUS036H-Wireless-Long-... Reply
DanNeely - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - link"One simple solution for the modem/router users would be to simply disable the wireless functionality and connect via Ethernet to the modem/router—assuming there's at least one Ethernet port. That requires a certain amount of technical savvy of course—something I could do, but not something I would recommend to, say, my siblings or parents."
Having tried to do this sort of setup for my parents a year ago I completely agree. It worked well for about 6mo until the ISP pushed a firmware update to their box which trashed the customization settings I'd applied to make it work with the old neatgear router I was using for the wifi. I eventually ended up having to drive out to fix things in person. The only good thing to come out of the debacle was that their boxes new firmware replaced the hard coded wifi SSID value with a textbox; allowing me to retire the netgear without having to reconfigure the wifi settings on everyone's devices. Wifi speed is uniformly bad across the house; but 3MB DSL is slow enough it doesn't matter much. Reply
WeaselITB - Saturday, June 23, 2012 - linkWow, Jarred, thanks for the awesome and lengthy review / comparison! I can't even fathom the amount of work this took!
That directional antenna actually sounds like a good solution for the family room HTPC/HDTV that I was considering, but kept rejecting since I didn't have a way to get wire there ... Reply
gstrickler - Sunday, June 24, 2012 - link2.4GHz testing "in the real world" is challenging because of channel overlap and poor deployment of channel usage. 40MHz operation makes it even worse. First, you have to understand that 802.11B/G/N don't use a single 5MHz channel, they use a 22MHz wide band centered on one channel. That means they need 5 channel spacing between to be interference free, however, in reality, the signals are so week at the edges that 4 channel spacing works with essentially no impairment. In the USA it has been common to use channels 1, 6, and 11, because the USA only allows full power operation on channels 1-11. However, that allocation never allows for 40MHz operation without interference because the secondary channel must be +/- 4 channels, meaning the secondary must be at 5 (1 primary), 2 or 10 (6 primary), or 7 (11 primary). In each case, the secondary is 1 channel away from another commonly used channel, resulting is significant interference.
It's better to share the same channel as another router than to be only 1 channel away, that is the worst possible configuration. If the routers are within about 50ft (16m) of each other, even being 2 channels away will almost certainly cause interference. With his 40MHz tests using 11+7, any nearby routers on channel 6 would be likely to cause interference.
Jarred didn't indicate what channels are in use by his neighbors, nor how strong those signals were (at the router and at the laptop), so there may have been interference affecting his tests. Throwing out the outliers as he did helps minimize those, but without such information, I can't make much use of the test results.
A short guide to channel allocation in 2.4GHz Wi-Fi:
It's been common practice to use those same channels in most countries despite the fact that most countries allow full power operation on 13 channels. In most countries, the ideal allocation is to use channels 1, 5, 9, and 13 only, never use other channels. This allows 4 20MHz channels, and allows 40MHz channels while minimizing interference. If you're operating a router in a country that allows 13 full power channels (most of the world outside North America), use this 1, 5, 9, 13 channel allocation. Even if your router doesn't allow setting channel 13 (some firmware restricts you to 11 channels even in other countries), stick with channels 1, 5, 9 so you don't cause problems for those using 1, 5, 9, 13.
Back to the USA and Canada, rather than 1, 6, 11, a better channel allocation (with the possible exception of some high density office environments, and even those might benefit from this configuration) is to use channels 1, 4, 8, and 11, exclusively, with 40MHz operation supported only on 4+8 (and 8+4). That's only 3 channels minimum separation, but when there is 30+ft and/or walls between the routers, 3 channel separation is shows sufficient attenuation at 3 channels that interference is minor, typically resulting in no more than 10% performance degradation even when both routers are simultaneously transmitting, and often shows no degradation.
The problem is that many routers default to (or auto-select) channel 6 or channels other than 1, 4, 8, & 11. Using channels 4 or 8 with a nearby router on channel 6 may cause interference for both. Which leaves 3 options for the USA, Canada, and any other country with fewer than 13 full power channels:
1. Coordinate with your neighbors and get everyone to exclusively use channels 1, 4, 8, and 11, with any 40MHz operation exclusively on 4&8. This is the best option for 99% of installations. Even if you can see some other routers on channel 6, but with weak signals, this may be the best option.
2. If that's not possible, and channel 6 is in use, use channels 1, 6, 11 exclusively and do not use 40MHz channels at all. This may be best in large, open offices/halls where there are 3 or more routers within ~100ft and no walls between them, but you should still try #1 first.
3. Finally, if you must use 40MHz in an area where Channel 6 is in use and can't be changed, use 5GHz if possible. If that's not possible use channels 4 & 8 for 40MHz, and locate your router as far as possible from any routers using channel 6. There are some other compromise channel options, but they're dependent upon which channels are in use and the relative signal strength, and they add to the problem for other users, so I can't recommend them, and they should only be configured by someone who thoroughly understands Wi-Fi channel allocation, interference, and the local Wi-Fi environment. Reply
JarredWalton - Sunday, June 24, 2012 - linkThanks for the post -- there's a lot of good information for people not familiar with WiFi. I'm actually aware of most of this stuff, but obviously there's only so much you can cover/rehash each time we do a wireless article. While I didn't provide it directly, you can get some idea of the channels in use in my neighborhood from this image:
I used channels 11+7 for testing, as channel 1 is in use by my next door neighbor (and 3 is used by another neighbor two houses away -- bad choice, I know). Thankfully, there are no networks in the 6-11 range that are near my house. In terms of RSSI, I believe the signal strength from the other channel 11 networks in the area was something like -85dBm (or worse), and the same goes for the channel 6 network, so my choice is mostly free of interference.
I used channel 161 for 5GHz, but that's not nearly as important as there's very little traffic on that spectrum. Reply
gstrickler - Monday, June 25, 2012 - linkThanks Jarred, that gives some credence to your tests.
Now, go change your neighbor's router off channel 3, get him drunk first if necessary. :)
Yes, 5GHz is comparatively open, more channels, less usage, and always at 4 channel spacing. The main issue to deal with in 5GHz is that there are 2 or 3 different power levels allowed depending upon the frequency, so some have better range than others. Unfortunately, I can't locate the details right now, although some routers will list them as hi/low power. Reply
Conficio - Sunday, June 24, 2012 - linkI wonder why Amped Wireless would not combine the repeater and the directional antenna. As Jarred mentioned, for a mobile device a directional antenna is a bit inconvenient, especially if it does easily move.
However for a repeater it would be ideal. Place your repeater in a quite weak spot and use the power of the directional antenna to still get a good signal. Then broadcast the repeated signal onmi-directional. That should cut down on the interference too. And a repeater is a heavier object to begin with and stationary. Sure if you don't need it, then you won't need it. But if you have a tricky situation, or simply a very large property (lets say a boats house or an artists shed) then this should be a great solution.
Even better would be to add an additional directional antenna to the main router and the ability to use different channels for the directional link. That could make a point to point link that would cut down on interference even more. Reply
JarredWalton - Sunday, June 24, 2012 - linkI believe Amped does support this, though you'd need to provide the antennas yourself (Amped sells them, though). The only problem is that you'd basically have one antenna directional and pointed at the router with the second omnidirectional, so your total omnidirectional signal strength would likely be limited. Reply
Conficio - Monday, June 25, 2012 - linkThanks Jarred for clarifying this.
In my mind that poses one more question, is the directional USB stick a 2x2 config? are both antennas directional? Or is it only one antenna?
But I think you are right, just replacing an antenna with a directional one is not the same as building a real repeter that has a separate notion of (set of) input antenna (directional) and set of output antenna (omnidirectional). Hence there is the opportunity for a company like Amped.
Another question. Is it possible to use only one band (5GHz) to talk to the router and the other band (2.4 GHz) to redistribute? The same for channels? Which should get down the interference even better. Reply
JarredWalton - Monday, June 25, 2012 - linkAFAIK, the UA2000 has both antennas pointing the same direction. It can also pick up other routers that aren't being pointed at, but range and performance drop considerably.
As for routing one band to the router and the other for talking to devices, I asked Amped about this, and they said while in theory it's possible to have the repeater send wireless traffic over the other connection (when present), they chose not to do it this way to "keep things simple" or something. If you use a 2.4GHz only router (or disable the 5GHz channel), then 5GHz traffic will get routed over the 2.4GHz radio; likewise, you could disable your router's 2.4GHz channel and have the repeater's 2.4GHz traffic route over 5GHz. That might actually be interesting to test out. Reply
mike8675309 - Tuesday, June 26, 2012 - linkI actually do that in my home. Using DD-WRT I have a WDS network setup with 3 dual radio routers. Clients connect on the 2.4GHz antennas and the routers talk to each other over the 5GHz antennas.
PS3, Xbox, Dish DVRs connect with ethernet and get a 5Ghz connection to the internet router, perfect for streaming from Netflix or Dish.
This eliminates the issue with 1/2 the bandwidth when using the same radio to talk to clients as you use for repeating to the main router, which is what is happening for most repeaters in the market. Reply
tlcqualityrentals - Tuesday, July 03, 2012 - linkLots of great information on this site. If only I could figure out what you guys are talking about. LOL. I had narrowed down my selection to the Amped Wireless R20000g to replace my years 5+ year old Linksys router/modem. The Linksys was fine for my home. I have recently added a cottage and a pavilion to my property. Both are approximately 300 to 400 feet from the Linkysys router. It is imperative that i provide good network coverage in the cottage. My question to you is, how would you solve this issue? What items would you buy?
Thanks for any suggestions.
Much appreciated.
Rhonda Reply
bman212121 - Monday, June 25, 2012 - linkOne of the biggest issues when trying to pick a wireless AP for range is dechipering through all of the claimed power ratings. I bought an AP that was listed as having a 400mW power rating. I figured that meant that it was a 200mW radio output and 200mW for the 3dbi antennas on it. That is technically true but the issue with N is that those numbers are also divided by the number of antennas you have. So in reality it was 100mW per amp with 100mW (3dbi gain) for each antenna.
So in the case of this amped wireless device it would be 125mW (21Db) amps and 5dbi antennas (26dbi EIRP per antenna, making 29dbi total power output) This would make it slightly more powerful than the average home router but for devices where you can replace the antennas you will get more power by having bigger antennas than what is provided on this device.
Case in point, I was floored when our old Linksys WRT54G actually out ranged my 400mw N access point because it used the same 100mw (20Dbm) output and a 2dbi antenna. I'm guessing it must have had a slightly better method of determining the best path and probably a bit more sensitive receiver. I was already planning on swapping the antennas with 9dbi rubber duckies. Once I did that then my AP was able to travel farther however location seems to be far more important for range than anything you can do on the AP side. Reply
GullLars - Sunday, July 08, 2012 - link"If I had been wise, I would have tabulated all the individual results and come up with a throughput distribution graph (similar to what Brian does with our smartphone Speedtest results), but unfortunately I only considered doing that after the fact. It would also become rather difficult to compare results between routers and adapters using such charts. Still, if there's enough desire for such testing, I can revisit the subject with a smaller article. Either leave a comment or drop me an email if you're interested in such testing."
Yes, when there are very variable results, using result distribution graphs can give very important information averages leave out, like best and worst case, and consistency of performance.
I'd rather have a wireless connection at average 80Mbps ±10Mbps than average 140Mbps with drops to 40Mbps 10% of the time. Especially if this is also reflected in latency. I'm kinda surprised there were no meassuring of ping, just throughput. Ping and ping spikes are very important for how it feels to use wireless connections.
For most rewiews of IO devices there is mention of both throughput and latency, why not also do this for wireless? Reply


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Why don't paper entries get judged at a regional competition?
Due to the volume of entries and time it takes to properly review and judge them, paper entries are judged "off-site". Entries are sent to the History Center where they are sent out to judges who have around two weeks to judge a set of entries and decide with their judge partner the entries that advance to the next round of competition. Fore more information, visit the papers page.
Why do website entries get locked out of making changes before the regional and state competitions?
Since websites take a longer time to completely view, judges are givent the student URL's in advance of the competition. The websites are then viewed in their entirety and studenct can highlight specific parts during their interview at the compeition depending on the questions the judges ask. We want the website to look the same for both judges viewing the project.
What should my student bring to the regional competition?
Students should bring their project (exhibit board, documentary, performance props/costumes) as well as four copies of their process paper and four copies of their annotated bibliography. Since there is down time, it is suggested they also bring homework, games, etc., to occupy time between their judging slot and the awards ceremony.
My child's school doesn't do History Day. How do I register?
We encourage students to do History Day even if their school does not participate. If there are no other students at the school participating, parents should contact History Day staff to let them know, and parents can enroll as a "home school" type entry. If other students at the school are also participating without the assistance of a teacher, we recommend you contact the student's social studies teacher or media specialist to inquire if they might be willing to act as the students' mentor for the project. The mentoring teacher would then enroll.
Can I pay for my child's entry fee at the regional competition?
Yes. The entry fee can be found on the registration form. We will accept cash or check.
Can I watch other entries at the regional competition?
Yes. All categories are open to the public. Please remember to turn off cell phones, and remain quiet while watching performances and documentaries.
How can I be a supportive parent?
See Role of the Adult
I can't answer technology questions. Who can?
If your student is struggling with using the website builder Weebly, or creating a documentary with a movie editing program, we suggest contacting a technology specialist at school.
How many other students will my child be competing against?
There is no set number of how many students your child will be competing against. However, it should be noted that projects will only be judged against like projects. For example, all Junior Individual Exhibits will compete against only Junior Individual Exhibits. Groups will not compete against individuals, and the Junior division will not compete against the Senior division.
How can my child get help outside of school?
Students can get help via the History Day e-mail address, by e-mailing a History Day staff member, or by attending a Hullabaloo.


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By Ms. Vickey Mouze (USAG Hawaii)July 28, 2009
FORT HOOD, Texas - Col. (Dr.) Steven E. Braverman took command of Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center during a change of command ceremony July 17 at Sadowski Field.
Braverman replaced Col. Casper P. Jones III who will become the Director of Plans and Policy (J5) at the Joint Task Force National Capital Region Medical in Bethesda, Md.
Lt. Gen. Rick Lynch, commanding general of III Corps and Fort Hood, served as host. He told the audience that Jones was a leader who has "tremendously impacted" the healthcare and quality of life for Soldiers, Families, and the community as commander of Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center.
Lynch praised Jones' significant accomplishments during his tenure that includes decreasing the amount of time to pick up prescriptions in the hospital's outpatient pharmacy. "I remember when I was stationed at Fort Hood as a battalion commander and having to wait all afternoon to pick up a prescription. Now, 75 percent of the patients wait 30 minutes or less and 98 percent of the patients are serviced in less than one hour."
"Jones is a great leader because he loves Soldiers and their Family Members. He has my sincere admiration," Lynch said.
Brig. Gen. Joseph Caravalho Jr., commanding general of Great Plains Regional Medical Command and Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas, who officiated at the ceremony, told members of Braverman's new command they had another great commander "in the wings."
"I can think of none finer to follow in the footsteps of Colonel Jones and all he has accomplished," Caravalho said. "We welcome Braverman and his family into the Great Plains family. May God bless you and your loved ones."
Caravalho also praised Jones. "We owe a debt of gratitude to Jones, his command sergeant major, (CSM Keith L. Seidler), and the Soldiers and civilians at Darnall. We thank you for a job well done."
Jones remarked that he expects greatness from Braverman who will be leading an Army medical center where the quality of healthcare is so exceptional that it has yet to be replicated in the Army. "All the Soldiers and civilian employees have made Darnall the face of Army medicine," Jones said.
Jones reminisced about employees at Darnall who have made a difference in patients' lives. "I remember walking down a hospital hallway at 9 p.m. once and seeing a housekeeper stopping work so he could help answer a patient's question."
He also spoke of a nurse who had called a grandmother the next day to check on her grandchild. "The grandmother called me and she was in tears. She said that in her 29 years as an Army beneficiary, that was the first time a nurse taken the time to call to check on her."
Braverman, whose assignments include chief consultant to the Army surgeon general and deputy surgeon for Clinical Operations, Multi-National Corps - Iraq, spoke about his "Four C's of Success," which form the cornerstone of his commander's philosophy. The Four C's are: communication, care of the patient, customer service, and common sense.
Braverman's military awards include the Legion of Merit, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, Army Commendation Medal, Army Achievement Medal, and Iraq Campaign Medal. He is a recipient of the "A" designator award for professional expertise, the Order of Military Medical Merit, and the General Claire L. Chennault Award for teaching excellence.
Braverman and his wife Susan have three daughters.