text:
Broad salinity tolerance in the invasive lionfish Pterois spp. may facilitate estuarine colonization
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
The ongoing invasion of non-native Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois spp.) represents a significant ecological threat throughout the Western Atlantic and Caribbean. As a generalist species, lionfish have been able to rapidly colonize a wide variety of ecosystems, including coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, the sea floor at depths as great as 300 m, and even brackish estuaries. While lionfish have been encountered in a number of estuarine systems, the spatial distribution of lionfish in estuaries is likely limited by the species' ability to tolerate low salinities. Here, we experimentally identify minimum salinity tolerance in lionfish by measuring survival salinity minimum—the lowest salinity at which all individuals survive for 48 h. Additionally, we examine whether long-term exposure to low (but sub-lethal) salinities has negative effects on lionfish. Field observations in the Loxahatchee River estuary (Jupiter, FL) showed that lionfish can survive brief exposure to salinities as low as 1 ‰. At one estuarine location, fish survived exposure to salinity fluctuations of ~28 ‰ every 6 h for several days. In laboratory trials, survival salinity minimum for lionfish was 5 ‰; however, some individuals survived at 4 ‰ for up to 94 h before dying. Lionfish that were held at 7 ‰ for 28 days showed no differences in mortality, behavior or growth, when compared to control fish held at 35 ‰ (typical ocean salinity). This broad salinity tolerance may allow lionfish to colonize estuaries throughout their invaded range, and may facilitate dispersal across the Amazon-Orinoco plume. Because of the ecological and economic importance of estuaries, this facet of the lionfish invasion warrants further study.


text:
DIY/Do-It-Yourself Party Ideas
Why buy when you can DIY? Make it at home with our easy step-by-step tutorials for these easy DIY party ideas, centerpieces & decor.
The next time you open a big can of sauce or veggies, don't just toss out that aluminum can. With a bit of ribbon from your craft bin, some inexpensive faux jewels and a few dabs of hot glue, you can create a diy party idea that's also perfect for your every day decor. »
Not every party has to be perfectly dressed. For easy evenings at home with friends,... READ MORE
Are you one of those people who collect wine corks? I am. Any special occasion and you... READ MORE
The next time your looking to bring some flair to your dinner party table consider saving... READ MORE
Add some extra sparkle to dinner party tables using faux jewels and this simple tutorial.... READ MORE
Take a DIY approach to your party ideas and Jazz up your menu, drinks and even your decor... READ MORE
Bunting is an easy and inexpensive DIY party idea we're seeing pop up all over. Easy to... READ MORE

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Jud Charlton
A botched experiment in virtual reality transmits the soul of infamous British occultist Aleister Crowley into the body of shy professor Haddo (Simon Callow), whose life quickly descends into a maelstrom of sex, violence and depraved behavior. Eager to foil Haddo's satanic efforts is handsome physicist Dr. Joshua Mathers (Kal Weber). Iron Maiden vocalist Bruce Dickinson co-wrote the screenplay for this supernatural thriller.


text:
Another day of the week means another change to Google Analytics. This morning at the Web 2.0 Summit, Google announced flow visualization reports. Flow visualization reports are a way for site owners to quickly visualize how users navigate through their sites.
Two new reports will start unrolling to the Google Analytics interface this week:
Visitors Flow, found under the Visitors section of the Standard Reporting tab.
Goal Flow, found under the the Goals subsection of Conversions, also under the Standard Reporting tab. These reports are not only very graphical, they are interactive. Hovering over data points (known as nodes) displays drill-down information in a pop-up. For example, a pop-up might display the number of pages or visitors for a particular node or how many visitors exited or dropped out at that node with a mini pie graph. Because the representations can get large, the interface provides controls for zooming the report. There's even controls for panning the angle and filtering to limit the number of connections between nodes.
Visitors Flow helps site owners visualize the paths visitors take through your site. Typically this includes the source, landing page, exit page and the pages in between. The report shows the relative volume of visits to your site and relative volume of views per page or for a collection of pages.
To use the Visitors Flow Report, start by selecting a dimension for the first column of the report. Google Analytics calls these the nodes. Nodes could be a particular source, campaign or keyword (if available). The link between nodes are a connection. As with most Google Analytics reports, you can select multiple dimensions for drilling down into more data.
The Goal Flow Report represents the paths visitors take in your site to complete some sort of conversion. The nodes in the Goal Flow path are defined by the site owner, similar to how the current Goal Funnel reporting works. The data available are also similar to Goal Funnels. You can view relative volume of visits by dimension, relative volume of page views per goal node and abandoment rates for each node. Goal Flow Reports add more useful information too, including conversion rates for each source and the ability to see where visitors to your site backtracked along your goal path.
Currently, you must have already defined URL goals to be able to see the Goal Flow report. Soon enough, however, the Goal Flow visualizer will utilize conversions, like events.
Perhaps the most important feature to note is that you have the ability to utilize advanced segments across both these reports. This was not available for goal funnel reporting before. The ability to drill-down from these reports to deeper information is also a nifty feature.
Google Analytics team member Phil Mui said these two reports "are only the first step in tackling flow visualization for visitors through a site." More visualization reports are apparently coming down the pike.
Will this make you more or less inclined to use Google Analytics? Let us know in the comments below.
Related reading
Seven tools to help you run multichannel digital marketing campaigns
Faced with a constant deluge of information and brand messaging, it has become a necessity for companies to be in front of customers' eyes more than ever before, thanks to perpetual connectivity.
Does dwell time really matter for SEO?
What's the real impact of machine learning on SEO? This has been one of the biggest debates within SEO over the last year.
Data-driven attribution: the cure for discount code abuse?
When measuring the effectiveness of discount codes, retailers often get it wrong. In this article, we'll look at how data-driven attribution can help businesses better understand where discount codes produce the best ROI.
4 ways to get ahead of the marketing personalization curve
Sure, some apps are doing personalized push notifications, but what happens when your users are in the app?


text:
In The Mood For Thai - Surry Hills Sydney is located in the heart of the exciting
Surry Hills restaurant precinct.
With a contemporary stylish setting, In The Mood For Thai Surry Hills Sydney combines
all the best of authentic Thai cuisine, Thai hospitality and service.
At our open theatre kitchen you can watch our expert Chefs
prepare your Thai meal, in a style at home in the best Thai restaurant in Bangkok, with recipes
that blend the five fundamental tastes of sweet, spicy, sour, bitter and salty
to perfection.
In The Mood for Thai is also ideal for a get together of family and friends or celebrations of all kinds.
You can also enjoy our Thai cuisine at home or the office. For Thai takeaway or delivery order online.
We look forward to seeing you at In The Mood For Thai Surry Hills. To reserve a table book online.
Also try us at
Thai by the beach - Brighton Le Sands
Powered by tablesonline Copyright© 2014 Terms of service


text:
[PHOTO(shop)] Conan Junior Parties Hardy on MySpace
Once again, to protect the identity of Arnold Schwarzenegger's lovechild the media has blurred out the boy's face in this picture, taken from the boys' MySpace account. Once again, his hair, his face (if you've seen the unedited pics) all lead you to wonder how Maria Shriver didn't know this was Arnie's kid from the beginning! So, once again, we decided to, um…help.
The kid was apparently aged 9 or 10 when this picture was taken and hopefully was just posing with the beer. If not…when they drop, lock up your daughters. Judging from daddy, this kid is could be a real pill.


text:
Kandi Burruss & Todd Tucker still waiting on Mom's blessing to wed
Kandi Burruss is engaged to her beau, Todd Tucker, but the two are still waiting on her mother's blessing.
"We're still working on the approval," she told FOX Atlanta.
"When it comes to relationships and things, mothers—not just my mother—have a problem letting go."
The Real Housewives of Atlanta star has been hard at work on her stage production, A Mother's Love, that tackles that exact topic.
"It's inspired by my relationship with my mother," she said. "It goes through the tough times. Obviously, at the end, it's a wonderful happy ending."
The Grammy-winning songwriter shows no signs of slowing down now.
"I'm trying to do it all, and I want to continue to do more," she said. "I look up to people like Tyler Perry…I want to continue to take it bigger and better."


text:
Sponsored Products
|Internet Software
|FTP Software
Publisher's Description+
SmartFTP allows you to transfer files across the Internet. It features an Explorer-like, customizable interface and supports drag-and-drop functions. Multiple FTP connections can be opened at the same time, and you can copy files from one remote host to another (FXP). Remote-host directory information is cached for future viewing, and FTP URLs are supported. Other features include a favorites list, the ability to resume broken downloads, a global history, background transfers, proxy support, a passive transfer mode, and the ability to perform recursive downloads, uploads, and deletes.
What's new in this version:
- Support for Windows 10 (Version 1703) aka Creators Update.
- Spell checker, new quick find & replace, clipboard ring, indicator bar.
- Support for Google Cloud Storage and Google Drive.
- Support for Microsoft OneDrive and OneDrive for Business.
- Many other improvements and enhancements.


text:
The broker has maintained its "buy" rating and $6.00 price target due to the improving outlook for global exploration spend driven by strong commodity prices and a well-funded resources sector. The broker believes the company will wait until the first half result in August to upgrade guidance.
Credit Suisse has upgraded its rating from "neutral" to "outperform", and increased its target price from $4.80 to $5.00 based on improving underlying market conditions supported by a ramp-up in capital expenditure from the junior explorers, and translation benefits from currency.
The Australian Financial Review


text:
Christina Rio Walker Model
Mark Perry PhotographyPhotographer Male London, England, United Kingdom
My Website: Mark Perry PhotographyMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/Alternativeimage
Mayhem # 803884
About Me
Thanks for looking.
Photography is much much more of a hobby to me, its a passion, its my life, its all I think about and how I can improve to make stunning images.
I am always looking for Fashion, Beauty and Glamour models to help me get a quality portfolio and am sure I can do the same for you.
Most of my work is on location, but I can bring lights, backgrounds etc to you if you want the studio look, I would also hire a studio if the project is worthy of the expence.
I would like to colaberate with wardrobe, stylists and mua as all the elements together create the best images, quality over quantity.
Any models under the age of 18 must come with a chaperone.
I am still working TF* to build my portfolio so if your interested in working with me send me a pm.
My other profile dedicated to alternative models, Ten points for finding it lol.
Have you worked with Mark Perry Photography? Add Credits for Mark Perry Photography! >>
Christina Rio Walker Model
Skyeann Giglio Model
Sarah Kawaii Model
Amber Foxx Model
Alice Bizarre Makeup Artist
DaniBabycham Model
Loading Content


text:
Montana DEQ proposes changes to aluminum plant's discharge permit
The Montana Department of Environmental Quality is proposing changes to the Columbia Falls Aluminum Co.'s wastewater discharge permit, and is taking public comment on those updates through April 4.
Kalispell Daily InterLake; Feb. 28
Project supports transfer of disease-free bison from Yellowstone Park
An experiment to transfer bison found free of brucellosis from Yellowstone National Park to other areas of Montana appears to be working, according to the results of the pilot project.
Great Falls Tribune (AP); Feb. 28
Researchers: Data reflect stable grizzly bear population in Yellowstone
The Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team said a re-evaluation of data collected on grizzly bears in the Yellowstone ecosystem over the past several decades indicates that the population is stable, and not in decline.
Great Falls Tribune (AP); Feb. 28
Montana residents raise questions about drilling firm's record in Penn.
At the Montana Board of Oil and Gas hearing held Thursday in Billings, landowners near where West Virginia-based Energy Corporation of America plans to explore for oil raised the company's environmental record in Pennsylvania and questioned the state's ability to effectively monitor a level of energy development that ECA has described as "bringing the Bakken to the Beartooths."
Billings Gazette; Feb. 28
Parks Canada to implement overnight travel restriction in Banff NP
As first recommended in the two-year, $2-million Banff Bow Valley Study in 1997, Parks Canada has announced that it will implement seasonal travel restrictions on the Bow Valley Parkway in Banff National Park in Alberta that will close 10.5 miles of the nearly 30-mile highway from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m. between March 1 and June 25 to give wildlife undisturbed space in the spring.
Rocky Mountain Outlook; Feb. 28
Wyoming leads the U.S. in per capita CO2 emissions
Numbers released Wednesday by the U.S. Energy Information Administration said that Wyoming emitted 64 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2011, and when combined with the state's relatively small population, the Cowboy State ranks first in the nation in per-capita carbon-dioxide emissions.
Casper Star-Tribune (AP); Feb. 28
Hemp farming in Colorado becomes legal Saturday
While the legalization of marijuana for recreational use in Colorado has drawn considerable national scrutiny, Saturday's start date for farmers in the Centennial State to apply for permits to grow industrial hemp commercially or for research and development is just as noteworthy.
Denver Post; Feb. 28
Colorado marijuana shops bogart information on willing banks
The recreational and medicinal marijuana businesses in Colorado have a tough time when it comes to finding a financial institution that will deal with the primarily cash-basis businesses, and for those who have found a willing banker, they're not willing to share that information with other pot businesses.
Denver Post; Feb. 28
Gov. Herbert offers 'Utah solution' to Medicaid expansion
On Thursday, Utah Gov. Gary Herbert offered his state's solution to Medicaid expansion, which would seek a block grant from the federal government to cover the same number of Utahns eligible for Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act, but would require those receiving Medicaid benefits under the "Healthy Utah" plan to pay $420 a year toward private insurance and medical expenses.
Deseret News; Feb. 28
T. Boone Pickens touts fossil fuels at B.C. energy summit
Texas oil tycoon T. Boone Pickens told attendees at the Surrey Regional Economic Summit in British Columbia Thursday that fossil fuels are the future, that he believed the Keystone XL pipeline will be approved, and that the province should pursue its liquefied natural gas export plans.
Calgary Herald (Vancouver Sun); Feb. 28
Mountain West News is a project of the Center for the Rocky Mountain West at The University of Montana. It provides a daily snapshot of news and opinion in the Rocky Mountain region of North America, giving the changing mountain West a tool to understand itself and a platform for the exchange of ideas.


text:
Tourist Directory > Attractions
Singapore Flyer
Address:30 Raffles Avenue, Singapore 039803
Getting there:Take the train, alight at Promenade Station (Circle Line, CC4) and take a five-minute walk to Singapore Flyer. Take Exit A and look out for blue pedestrian signs to Singapore Flyer.
Contact:(+65) 6333 3311
Operating Hours:Daily from 8.30am - 10.30pm.
(Ticket Sales: 8am - 10pm, Last Admission: 10.15pm).
Description: A masterpiece of urban architecture and engineering, Singapore Flyer is must-see and compelling visitor destination in Asia that showcases the mesmerizing cosmopolitan cityscape of the tropical Lion City, and even the surrounding islands of Indonesia and parts of Malaysia in all their glory.
The 28 air-conditioned capsules on the world's largest Giant Observation Wheel, present a moving experience at every turn with amazing 360-degree panoramic sights of Singapore and beyond.
The brand new Singapore Flyer experience features the latest Journey of Dreams by Singapore Flyer. The Interactive Gallery seeks to give a deeper appreciation and understanding of the Singapore Story and the iconic Singapore Flyer. The Story accumulates onboard scenic flights, as guests are mesmerized by amazing views of the past, present and future of Singapore. For a plushier touch, guests can indulge in a flute of Moët & Chandon Champagne, a glass of Singapore Flyer Signature Cocktail or even savour a perfected version of the Singapore Sling. Those who want some exclusivity while enjoying panoramic views of Singapore's cityscape from different altitudes can experience the world's first Full-Butler Sky Dining on board Singapore Flyer.
For the distinguished, pamper yourself with the nation's best cocktails, only available Flyer Lounge. Managed by the Association of Bartenders and Sommeliers Singapore (ABSS), it is the only place in Singapore for award-winning cocktails, whose recipes are kept exclusive to ABSS from the years of National Cocktail Competition. The Flyer Lounge is now the official venue for the annual cocktail competitions.
A lush tropical rainforest complements the centre-piece of the three-storey retail atrium, while the waterfront dining promenade and a nostalgic 1960s-themed food street – The Singapore Food Trail – offers a variety of dining options to satisfy every palate.
You must be logged in to add a tip


text:
A leading Washington State Business Broker, we provide confidential and professional services to business sellers and buyers. For almost 30 years, our geographical emphasis has been the western part of the state along the I-5 corridor and Puget Sound. Learn more about our personal, "hands-on" approach and the services we provide before, as well as after, taking on an assignment.
Through other professional affiliations we are also able to present our listings to buyers nationwide. We have contacts and have done business with Private Investor Buyer Groups (BGs). Here are two transactions that are typical of how BG's operate:
Pace Edwards, Inc., Centralia, Washington was purchased by Prospect Partners LLC, Chicago, Illinois as a platform for entry into the truck and auto accessories industry. We represented the seller in this transaction.
Prospect Partners followed this acquisition with the "add-on" purchase of LTD Accessories, Scottsdale, Arizona. We represented Prospect Partners in this transaction.


text:
Gabriel Aubry Reunites With Daughter Nahla Following Settlement With Halle Berry (PHOTOS)
One day after reaching a custodial settlement with his ex Halle Berry, Gabriel Aubry was spotted out and about with the former couple's daughter Nahla in Los Angeles.
Aubry, 37, donned a pair of shades, a hoodie and a baseball cap as he picked up his 4-year-old from school.
On Thursday, Berry's attorney Blair Berk held up a piece of paper outside a Los Angeles court with the following handwritten message, according to TMZ:
"The parties have reached an amicable agreement. There will be no further statements regarding this matter."
In other developments related to Aubry's Thanksgiving Day brawl with Berry's fiancé Olivier Martinez, the Canadian model has dropped his restraining order against the French actor.
TMZ reports that Aubry's lawyer, Shawn Holley, told an L.A. judge that her client no longer needed the order.
Just over one week ago, Aubry, who was in a relationship with Berry from 2005 to 2010, was arrested and charged with misdemeanor battery following a brawl on Berry's property. He is due in court Dec. 13.
No changes are to be made to this player


text:
Khloe Kardashian: Get Ready For An All New Season Of 'Keeping Up'! (VIDEO)
Khloe Kardashian blogs about the upcoming season of Keeping Up with the Kardashians. She writes:
Hi dolls! The brand new Keeping Up with the Kardashians promo image and video were just released and they got me SO excited for the new season! Can you believe it's Season 7 already?! Man how time flies! LOL.
I love how simple and cute the video is — but don't worry dolls, more promos giving you a sneak peek at all the fun and all the drama are coming soon :).
Check out the new season's promo in the video above!


text:
1917 Two years after graduating with a master's degree from
Columbia, Lucy Diggs
Slowe became the first
African-American female to win a national champion in any
sport, claiming the title at the American Tennis Association
(ATA) national tournament. She had a long-time association
with Howard University in the nation's capitol. That was
where she completed her undergraduate degree and was a
founding member of the first Greek letter sorority for black
women, Alpha Kappa Alpha. In 1922 she became the first dean
of women at Howard, a position she held until her death in
1937. Three years later, Slowe Hall was named in her honor
at Howard. There is also a Lucy Diggs Slowe Elementary
School in Washington, D.C.
Columbia University and the Ivy League had its first black
basketball player, John
Howard Johnson, who began
competing in 1918. During his career with the Lions, Johnson
was consistently ranked in the League top ten for
One of the greatest basketball stars of his time,
George Gregory, Jr., scored 155 points in 17
contests in his freshman season at Columbia to rank fourth
in League. Gregory helped his team to two consecutive Ivy
titles and two Eastern titles. He was named to the Helms
Foundation All-America team in 1930-31, becoming the first
African-American voted to college All-America status in
basketball. He was joined on the All-America squad with John
Wooden, the soon-to-be legendary UCLA coach. In his
three-year career, Gregory, the second African-American to
play at Columbia, recorded 509 points in 62 games. A
graduate of DeWitt Clinton High in New York City, Gregory
took an active role in the community after graduation and
maintained a connection to athletics. He went on to become
the director of what was then the largest youth project for
African-Americans in the country - the Harlem Center for
Children Aid Society ••• A versatile baseball
player, Manuel
Rivero played on the
Columbia squad for three season during the 1930s. Rivero, a
black Cuban, played third base, center field and pitched for
the Lions during his career. Following his days at Columbia,
Rivero had a long and distinguished career as the baseball
coach for Lincoln University in Pennsylvania.
Columbia's Benjamin
Washington Johnson put on a
memorable show at the Millrose Games before 17,000 fans in
Madison Square Garden. Johnson went 6.2, 6.1 and 6.0 in the
60-yard dash, tying the world record, then breaking it and
breaking it again. One report was that Johnson had actually
been clocked in 5.9, but the timers dismissed that because
they didn't believe a human could run that fast. Voted the
outstanding performer by a panel of eight sportswriters,
Johnson was hailed as 'world's fastest human.' In 1935,
Johnson had become the first black track athlete to be a
Heptagonal Games first-team performer. Two years later,
Johnson would win the NCAA 200-meter dash championship with
a time of 21.3 seconds.
Edwin Bancroft
Henderson, who earned a
doctorate from Columbia Teacher's College in 1934, authors
the first significant book -- The Negro In Sports -- on the
black athlete. Henderson would author his final book on the
subject in the mid-1970s, while in his early 90s.
In the first game ever using a three-point shot,
Skinner hit three of the
bonus bombs en route to a game-high 26 points in a Columbia
victory over Fordham. It would be 35 years until another
three-point shot was made in the college game and 41 years
until the three-point shot became a part of the college
Rev. John Howard
Johnson, who was a
basketball standout for the Lions in the early 1920s, is
named as the commissioner of the Negro Leagues the same year
Jackie Robinson breaks the color barrier for the Brooklyn
Dodgers. Rev. Johnson's New York legacy is Harlem's St.
Martin's Parish.
Holland was elected as the
team captain for the Lions' track and field team after
breaking school records dating back to the 19th century in
the quarter-mile. Holland graduated from Columbia Law School
in 1952 and served the New York City community for four
decades before passing on in 1993.
Competing in an event that wasn't a yearly collegiate event
until the early 1960s,
Shaw won the 1952 NCAA
triple jump championship. Until the early 1960s, the NCAA
contested the event only during Olympic years. Shaw would
also make an appearance in the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. In
1953, he became the 1953 AAU champion and went on to compete
in the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne.
Basketball player Jim
McMillian became the first
African-American Ivy Leaguer to be chosen in the first round
of the NBA Draft and would be joined by Penn's Corky Calhoun
in 1972 and Princton's Armond Hill in 1976. He also became
Columbia's all-time leading scorer with 1,759 career
Running back Doug
Jackson became the first
African-American to win the Asa S. Bushnell Cup as the Ivy
football player of the year.
Wilhite breaks Lou Gehrig's
55-year-old Columbia home run record with his eighth of the
season and 16th of his career. Wilhite's skill was not
limited to power as his held the Lion records for triple and
stolen bases as well. In 1977 he was the first
African-American to be chosen as first-team All-EIBL (which
included the Ivies as well as Army and Navy).
Starke became a Super Bowl
champion as the Head Hog of the Washington Redskins.
Gayle became the first
African-American to be named the Ivy League men's soccer
Player of the Year.
Williamson became the first
black men's tennis player named first-team All-Ivy
Cottingham, of Orange,
N.J., won the NCAA title in the sabre.
Jenkins broke Jim
McMillian's Columbia career scoring record and ended his
career with 1,766 points. Jenkins scored 47 against Harvard
as a sophomore.
Armond Hill, the first African-American in
Princeton's history to be named as an Ivy League Player of
the Year, became the the first black head men's basketball
coach at Columbia.
H. Roy Williams, one of
the globe's most renowned humanitarians, was appointed
Director of the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance,
Bureau for Humanitarian Response (BHR/OFDA), of the U.S.
Agency for International Development (USAID). Williams was a
track standout and played football for Coach Lou Little in
Morningside Heights in the early 1950s.
The Ivy League celebrated its 25th year of women's
championships during the 1998-99 academic year. In honor of
the many women who have excelled in their sport, the League
announced its Silver Anniversary Honor Roll. Twelve
African-American women were named to the list.
Martin '96-C and
Ruddock '88-C, both
outstanding track and field athletes were honored.
Just a junior, Johnathan
Reese broke Columbia's
career rushing record, which had stood for more than 50
Women's lacrosse star Bola
Bamiduro makes a difference
both on the field and off it. She served as the Chair of the
Division I NCAA Student-Athlete Advisory Committee. In that
role, she conveyed the ideas and opinions of all Division I
student-athletes to the Management Council, the group of
athletic administrators responsible for much of the
decision-making within the NCAA. She also served as the
media contact for the national SAAC, serving as the "official voice" for NCAA student-athletes. After the
season, Bamiduro became the first African-American from
Columbia to be named as an NCAA Post-Graduate Scholarship
Wiley plays in the NFL Pro
Bowl in Hawaii, representing the San Diego Chargers. In
1997, Wiley had become just the second Ivy African-American
to be picked by the second round of the NFL Draft (joining
Yale's Calvin Hill, who was a first-rounder in 1969.) ••• Fencer Erinn
Smart, a recent Columbia
graduate, was the 2002 U.S. National Champion in the women's
foil and the 2002 Div. I National Championships bronze
medalist. Smart was also a 2001 U.S. Senior Worlds bronze
medalist, a 2000 Div. I National Championships silver
medalist, and a member of the 2001, 1999, 1998 World Senior
Columbia named Joe
Jones as its new basketball
coach, replacing Armond Hill. Jones' brother, James, is the
head coach at Yale, making them the first African-American
brothers to be head coaches in the same Division I
conference at the same time. In fact, it marked the first
time since 1957 that any conference had brothers as head
coaches (Clarence and Hank Iba in the Missouri Valley
Freshman Erison
Hurtault, of Aberdeen,
N.J., took on the nation's finest in the 400-meter dash at
the NCAA Championships after an amazing run. Already a
two-time Heps champ, Hurtault has run sub-47 the last three
times in stepped on the track, including a school-record
46.33 at the NCAA Regional. He is the lone athlete in school
history to break 47 seconds ••• Michael
Quarshie had a strange trip
from Helsinki, Finland, to New York to play for the Columbia
Lions. But he became such a defensive force in 2004, no one
cared about his journey anymore. By the end of the season,
Quarshie, who led the nation in tackles for a loss for much
of the year, was first-team All-Ivy, Academic All-Ivy and
All-District and he earned a rare postgraduate scholarship
from the National Football Foundation & College Hall of
Fame. Quarshie delayed his studies to serve on the Oakland Raiders practice squad in 2005.
2005 Now a sophomore, Erison Hurtault shared the Athlete of the Meet honors at the men's indoor Heps. Hurtault won the 400-meter dash in 47.07, shattering the 24-year-old meet record. One week later, Hurtault lowered his 400 time to 46.72, 17th-best in the nation at that point in the season ••• On Dec. 11, 2005, former Connecticut offensive coordinator Norries Wilson was named as head football coach, making him the first black head football coach in the 50-year history of the Ivy League. The move also makes Columbia one of only three schools in Division I — apart from the historically black colleges — with a black head football and basketball coach. The Lions, with Joe Jones at the helm for hoops, join the University of Washington and Buffalo in that too-small club.


text:
Your Lives Will be Changed in Italy
"Open your hearts, embrace the graces, and let your life be changed." Those were the words of Mother Shaun Vergauwen, Mother General of the Franciscan Sisters of the Eucharist, to the young professionals on the opening night of the Italy pilgrimage.&… read more
Catholic Digest Live Blogs from Italy!
In the October 2014 issue of Catholic Digest we announced that I will be traveling to Italy on a young professionals pilgrimage with the Franciscan Sisters of the Eucharist on October 1-11. And I would like to share our experiences with all of you! … read more
Choosing a college or university with your child can be one of the most difficult decisions families face. But there's help. Catholic colleges offer summer programs to help high-school students understand what will be expected of them in college.  … read more
It's that time of year again—those blessed weeks when we're thinking about escaping, unplugging, unwinding, getting a change of scenery. Vacation! Free at last! Unfortunately, getting out of town isn't always an option. … read more
In the September issue of Catholic Digest, we featured a story on Brother André — the first Canadian-born man to be declared a saint — and St. Joseph's Oratory, which Brother André founded in 1904. This photo essay includes … read more
Behind the scenes at the Passion Play of Oberammergau
It's October 26, 2009, and German director Christian Stückl is understandably harried. In just over one month, on November 28, the first rehearsal of the Oberammergau Passion Play, a decennial event that brings in approximately a half million… read more
Click here to watch videos from Daniel Dykes' trip to Seville El Domingo de Ramos (Palm Sunday)Today is the day I finally saw Seville's Holy Week in action. I had spent 22 hours just traveling here, having gotten up at 4:45 a.m. yesterday on… read more
The Catholic soul of Cajun Country
The skiff's motor purrs as we glide through the flooded forest of bald cypress and water tupelo trees, scanning the waterline for the eyes of an alligator. Bryan Champagne, our tour guide, makes a soft barking sound near a nesting site, mimicking … read more
In early January 2010, Catholic Digest managing editor Julie Rattey accompanied representatives from the Catholic Near East Welfare Association (CNEWA) to Kerala, India. The following are blog entries written by Julie during her stay. Click … read more
Discovering St. Paul's Greece - Part 3: St. Paul versus the goddess
In Part 1, St. Paul made his first European convert to Christianity in the Grecian city of Philippi, establishing communities there as well as in Thessaloniki and Veria. In part 2, he traveled to Athens and Corinth before eventually making his way to… read more


text:
Hi there. I received a quote on a Carrier Infinity heat pump model 25HWA648. When I tried to confirm this model number with the Carrier web site it didn't match. Is it possible the dealer is trying to sell me an outdated unit? I was suspicious enough to double check because he was supposed to come back with an estimate on an Infinity straight cool system. We live just south of Tampa and rarely use the heat so decided we wouldn't recoup the initial heat pump investment. This was throughly discussed with the dealer. Then he comes in and says he was walking through the warehouse yesterday and saw an Infinity heat pump (acted as though this was a "wow" moment) and managed to get it for us for the same price as a straight cool. This raised red flags althought up to this point I liked this dealer. It's hard to read but the air handler model is FE4BWF006000.
Just wondering if this seems strange to anyone.


text:
Availability: In stock
A warm welcome to POM´S first jacket collection! Now not only you can add sparkle to your life with a POM shawl but also with a new Piece Of Mine: The perfect jacket! Fall in love with our unique POM design, made of the richest jacquards combined with our light cupro fabrics that feels soft like silk and breathes like cotton. Wear this jacket as easy as your favourite jeans in this light denim colour. Combined with POM´S unique hand drawn flowers in black on a white basic colour. Roll up your sleeves to make your casual outfit pop. No need to decide, you can always wear this beauty, in- or outside!
Washing instructionsDryclean only
Item numberSP5452
A POM Amsterdam shawl is the perfect gift: personal, warm and original. Surprise your friend with a POM that compliments her style.
You can have it packed in a stylish gift box and/or add a personal message to make it even more special. Moreover, you can have it shipped directly to your friend's address.
If you are not sure which POM to give you can also choose to buy her a gift voucher!
Characters left: 80
* Required Fields
shipping costs Netherlands, Belgium & Germany free shipping EU: €7,95
Rest of World: Variable depending on destination
deliveryNetherlands 1-2 working days Europe 2-4 working days Outside Europe 4+ working days
In case you have any questions or concerns about your delivery, don't hesitate to contact our customer service
change & returnChange or return within 30 days is possible. How does it work and what are the conditions?


text:
ABO blood group
出典: meddic
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/05/31 22:35:53」(JST)
wiki en[Wiki en表示]
|This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The ABO blood group system is the most important blood type system (or blood group system) in human blood transfusion. Found on platelets, epithelium, and cells other than erythrocytes, AB antigens (as with other serotypes) can also cause an adverse immune response to organ transplantation.[1] The associated anti-A and anti-B antibodies are usually IgM antibodies, which are produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental substances, such as food, bacteria, and viruses. ABO blood types are also present in some other animals, for example rodents and apes, such as chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas.[2]
- 1 History of discoveries of the blood types
- 2 Antigens
- 3 Role of ABO antigens in transfusion medicine
- 3.1 Alteration of ABO antigens for transfusion
- 4 Genetics
- 4.1 Subgroups
- 4.2 Distribution and evolutionary history
- 4.3 Origin theories
- 5 Normal role in the body
- 5.1 Bleeding and thrombosis (von Willebrand factor)
- 5.2 Disease risks
- 5.3 ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
- 6 Pseudoscience
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 Further reading
- 10 External links
History of discoveries of the blood types
The ABO blood group system is widely credited to have been discovered by the Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner, who identified the O, A, and B blood types in 1900.[3] Landsteiner originally described the O blood type as type "C", and in parts of Europe it is rendered as "0" (zero), signifying the lack of A or B antigen. Landsteiner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930 for his work. Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli discovered the fourth type, AB, in 1902.[4]
Due to inadequate communication at the time, it was subsequently found that the Czech serologist Jan Janský had independently pioneered the classification of human blood into four groups in 1907,[5] but Landsteiner's independent discovery had been accepted by the scientific world while Janský remained then in relative obscurity. However, in 1921 an American medical commission acknowledged Janský's classification. Jan Janský is nowadays credited with the first classification of blood into the four types (I, II, III, IV).
Janský's classification remains in use today. In Russia and states of the former USSR blood types O, A, B, and AB are respectively designated I, II, III, and IV.[6] The designation A and B with reference to blood groups was proposed by Ludwik Hirszfeld.
In America, W.L. Moss published his own (very similar) work in 1910.[7]
Ludwik Hirszfeld and E. von Dungern discovered the heritability of ABO blood groups in 1910–11. Felix Bernstein demonstrating the correct blood group inheritance pattern of multiple alleles at one locus in 1924.[8] Watkins and Morgan, in England, discovered that the ABO epitopes were conferred by sugars, to be specific, N-acetylgalactosamine for the A-type and galactose for the B-type.[9][10][11] After much published literature claiming that the ABH[expand acronym] substances were all attached to glycosphingolipids, Finne et al. (1978) found that the human erythrocyte glycoproteins contain polylactosamine chains[12] that contains ABH substances attached and represent the majority of the antigens.[13][14][15] The main glycoproteins carrying the ABH antigens were identified to be the Band 3 and Band 4.5 proteins and glycophorin.[16] Later, Yamamoto's group showed the precise glycosyl transferase set that confers the A, B and O epitopes.[17]
The central principle of the ABO system is that antigens – in this instance, sugars physically exposed on the exterior of red blood cells – differ between individuals, who have immunological tolerance only toward what occurs in their own bodies. As a result, many humans express isoantibodies – antibodies against isoantigens, natural components present in the bodies of other members of the same species but not themselves. Isoantibodies may be present against the A and/or B antigens in people who do not themselves have the same antigens in their own blood. These antibodies act as haemagglutinins, which cause blood cells to clump and break apart if they carry the foreign antigens. This harsh response, though an adaptive reaction useful against infection, can cause death when large amounts of such cells are encountered after a blood transfusion, a circumstance not encountered in natural selection prior to modern history. Because A and B antigens are chemically modified from a precursor form that is also present in type O individuals, people with type A and B antigens can accept blood from type O individuals.
Anti-A and anti-B antibodies (called isohaemagglutinins), which are not present in the newborn, appear in the first years of life. Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are usually IgM type, which are not able to pass through the placenta to the fetal blood circulation. O-type individuals can produce IgG-type ABO antibodies.
The precursor to the ABO blood group antigens, present in people of all common blood types, is called the H antigen. Individuals with the rare Bombay phenotype (hh) do not express antigen H on their red blood cells. As the H antigen serves as a precursor for producing A and B antigens, the absence of the H antigen means that the individuals also lack A or B antigens as well (similar to O blood group). However, unlike O group, the H antigen is absent, hence the individuals produce isoantibodies to antigen H as well as to both A and B antigens. If they receive blood from someone with O blood group, the anti-H antibodies will bind to the H antigen on the red blood cells ('RBC') of the donor blood and destroy the RBCs by complement-mediated lysis. Therefore, people with Bombay phenotype can receive blood only from other hh donors (although they can donate as though they were type O). Some individuals with the blood group A1 may also be able to produce anti-H antibodies due to the complete conversion of all the H antigen to A1 antigen.
Production of the H antigen, or its deficiency in the Bombay phenotype, is controlled at the H locus on chromosome 19. The H locus is not the same gene as the ABO locus, but it is epistatic to the ABO locus, providing the substrate for the A and B alleles to modify.[18] The H locus contains three exons that span more than 5 kb of genomic DNA, and encodes the fucosyltransferase that produces the H antigen on RBCs. The H antigen is a carbohydrate sequence with carbohydrates linked mainly to protein (with a minor fraction attached to ceramide moiety). It consists of a chain of β-D-galactose, β-D-N-acetylglucosamine, β-D-galactose, and 2-linked, α-L-fucose, the chain being attached to the protein or ceramide.
The ABO locus, which is located on chromosome 9, contains seven exons that span more than 18 kb of genomic DNA. Exon 7 is the largest and contains most of the coding sequence. The ABO locus has three main alleleic forms: A, B, and O. The A allele encodes a glycosyltransferase that bonds α-N-acetylgalactosamine to the D-galactose end of the H antigen, producing the A antigen. The B allele encodes a glycosyltransferase that bonds α-D-galactose to the D-galactose end of the H antigen, creating the B antigen.
In the case of the O allele, when compared to the A allele, exon 6 lacks one nucleotide (guanine), which results in a loss of enzymatic activity. This difference, which occurs at position 261, causes a frameshift that results in the premature termination of the translation and, thus, degradation of the mRNA. This results in the H antigen remaining unchanged in the case of O groups.
The majority of the ABO antigens are expressed on the ends of long polylactosamine chains attached mainly to band 3 protein, the anion exchange protein of the RBC membrane, and a minority of the epitopes are expressed on neutral glycosphingolipid.
Role of ABO antigens in transfusion medicine
For a blood donor and recipient to be ABO-compatible for a transfusion, the recipient must not have Anti-A or Anti-B antibodies that correspond to the A or B antigens on the surface of the donor's red blood cells (since the red blood cells are isolated from whole blood before transfusion, it is unimportant whether the donor blood has antibodies in its plasma). If the antibodies of the recipient's blood and the antigens on the donor's red blood cells do correspond, the donor blood is rejected. On rejection, the recipient may experience Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR).
In addition to the ABO system, the Rh blood group system can affect transfusion compatibility. An individual is either positive or negative for the Rh factor; this is denoted by a '+' or '−' after their ABO type. Those with Rh-positive blood can safely receive both Rh-positive and Rh-negative blood, but those with Rh-negative blood should only receive Rh-negative blood. Rh-negative blood is used in emergencies when there is no time to test a person's Rh type. Because of this, the AB+ blood type is referred to as the "universal recipient", as there are neither Anti-B or Anti-A antibodies in its plasma, and can receive both Rh-positive and Rh-negative blood. Similarly, the O− blood type is called the "universal donor"; since its red blood cells have no A or B antigens and are Rh-negative, no other blood type will reject it.
Alteration of ABO antigens for transfusion
In April 2007, an international team of researchers announced in the journal Nature Biotechnology an inexpensive and efficient way to convert types A, B, and AB blood into type O.[19] This is done by using glycosidase enzymes from specific bacteria to strip the blood group antigens from red blood cells. The removal of A and B antigens still does not address the problem of the Rhesus blood group antigen on the blood cells of Rhesus positive individuals, and so blood from Rhesus negative donors must be used. Patient trials will be conducted before the method can be relied on in live situations.
Another approach to the blood antigen problem is the manufacture of artificial blood, which could act as a substitute in emergencies.[20]
Blood groups are inherited from both parents. The ABO blood type is controlled by a single gene (the ABO gene) with three types of alleles inferred from classical genetics: i, IA, and IB. The I designation stands for isoagglutinogen, another term for antigen.[21] The gene encodes a glycosyltransferase—that is, an enzyme that modifies the carbohydrate content of the red blood cell antigens. The gene is located on the long arm of the ninth chromosome (9q34).
The IA allele gives type A, IB gives type B, and i gives type O. As both IA and IB are dominant over i, only ii people have type O blood. Individuals with IAIA or IAi have type A blood, and individuals with IBIB or IBi have type B. IAIB people have both phenotypes, because A and B express a special dominance relationship: codominance, which means that type A and B parents can have an AB child. A couple with type A and type B can also have a type O child if they are both heterozygous (IBi,IAi) The cis-AB phenotype has a single enzyme that creates both A and B antigens. The resulting red blood cells do not usually express A or B antigen at the same level that would be expected on common group A1 or B red blood cells, which can help solve the problem of an apparently genetically impossible blood group.[22]
|Blood group inheritance
|Blood type
|ii (OO)
|IAi (AO)
|IBi (BO)
|ii (OO)
|O or A
|O or B
|A or B
|IAi (AO)
|O or A
|O or A
|O, A, B or AB
|B or AB
|A, B or AB
|A or AB
|A or AB
|IBi (BO)
|O or B
|O, A, B or AB
|A or AB
|O or B
|A, B or AB
|B or AB
|B or AB
|A or B
|A, B or AB
|A or AB
|A, B or AB
|B or AB
|A, B, or AB
The table above summarizes the various blood groups that children may inherit from their parents.[23][24] Genotypes are shown in the second column and in small print for the offspring: AO and AA both test as type A; BO and BB test as type B. The four possibilities represent the combinations obtained when one allele is taken from each parent; each has a 25% chance, but some occur more than once.
|Blood group inheritance by phenotype only
|Blood type
|O or A
|O or B
|A or B
|O or A
|O or A
|O, A, B or AB
|A, B or AB
|O or B
|O, A, B or AB
|O or B
|A, B or AB
|A or B
|A, B or AB
|A, B or AB
|A, B or AB
Historically, ABO blood tests were used in paternity testing, but in 1957 only 50% of American men falsely accused were able to use them as evidence against paternity.[25] Occasionally, the blood types of children are not consistent with expectations—for example, a type O child can be born to an AB parent—due to rare situations, such as Bombay phenotype and cis AB.[26]
The A blood type contains about 20 subgroups, of which A1 and A2 are the most common (over 99%). A1 makes up about 80% of all A-type blood, with A2 making up almost all of the rest.[27] These two subgroups are not always interchangeable as far as transfusion is concerned, as some A2 individuals produce antibodies against the A1 antigen. Complications can sometimes arise in rare cases when typing the blood.[27]
With the development of DNA sequencing, it has been possible to identify a much larger number of alleles at the ABO locus, each of which can be categorized as A, B, or O in terms of the reaction to transfusion, but which can be distinguished by variations in the DNA sequence. There are six common alleles in white individuals of the ABO gene that produce one's blood type:[28][29]
O02 (O1v)
The same study also identified 18 rare alleles, which generally have a weaker glycosylation activity. People with weak alleles of A can sometimes express anti-A antibodies, though these are usually not clinically significant as they do not stably interact with the antigen at body temperature.[30]
Cis AB is another rare variant, in which A and B genes are transmitted together from a single parent.
Distribution and evolutionary history
The distribution of the blood groups A, B, O and AB varies across the world according to the population. There are also variations in blood type distribution within human subpopulations.
In the UK, the distribution of blood type frequencies through the population still shows some correlation to the distribution of placenames and to the successive invasions and migrations including Norsemen, Danes, Saxons, Celts, and Normans who contributed the morphemes to the placenames and the genes to the population.[31]
The two common O alleles, O01 and O02, share their first 261 nucleotides with the group A allele A01.[32] However, unlike the group A allele, a guanosine base is subsequently deleted. A premature stop codon results from this frame-shift mutation. This variant is found worldwide, and likely predates human migration from Africa. The O01 allele is considered to predate the O02 allele.[citation needed]
Some evolutionary biologists theorize that the IA allele evolved first, followed by O (by the deletion of a single nucleotide, shifting the reading frame) and then IB.[citation needed] This chronology accounts for the percentage of people worldwide with each blood type. It is consistent with the accepted patterns of early population movements and varying prevalent blood types in different parts of the world: for instance, B is very common in populations of Asian descent, but rare in ones of Western European descent. Another theory states that there are four main lineages of the ABO gene and that mutations creating type O have occurred at least three times in humans.[33] From oldest to youngest, these lineages comprise the following alleles: A101/A201/O09, B101, O02 and O01. The continued presence of the O alleles is hypothesized to be the result of balancing selection.[33] Both theories contradict the previously held theory that type O blood evolved first.[citation needed]
Origin theories
It is possible that food and environmental antigens (bacterial, viral, or plant antigens) have epitopes similar enough to A and B glycoprotein antigens. The antibodies created against these environmental antigens in the first years of life can cross-react with ABO-incompatible red blood cells that it comes in contact with during blood transfusion later in life. Anti-A antibodies are hypothesized to originate from immune response towards influenza virus, whose epitopes are similar enough to the α-D-N-galactosamine on the A glycoprotein to be able to elicit a cross-reaction. Anti-B antibodies are hypothesized to originate from antibodies produced against Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli, cross-reacting with the α-D-galactose on the B glycoprotein.[34]
HIV can be neutralized in in vitro experiments using antibodies against blood group antigens specifically expressed on the HIV-producing cell lines.[35][36]
However, it is more likely that the force driving evolution of allele diversity is simply negative frequency-dependent selection; cells with rare variants of membrane antigens are more easily distinguished by the immune system from pathogens carrying antigens from other hosts. Thus, individuals possessing rare types are better equipped to detect pathogens. The high within-population diversity observed in human populations would, then, be a consequence of natural selection on individuals.[37]
Normal role in the body
The carbohydrate molecules on the surfaces of red blood cells have roles in cell membrane integrity, cell adhesion, membrane transportation of molecules, and acting as receptors for extracellular ligands, and enzymes. ABO antigens are found having similar roles on epithelial cells as well as red blood cells.[38][39]
Bleeding and thrombosis (von Willebrand factor)
The ABO antigen is also expressed on the von Willebrand factor (vWF) glycoprotein,[40] which participates in hemostasis (control of bleeding). In fact, having type O blood predisposes to bleeding,[41] as 30% of the total genetic variation observed in plasma vWF is explained by the effect of the ABO blood group,[42] and individuals with group O blood normally have significantly lower plasma levels of vWF (and Factor VIII) than do non-O individuals.[43][44] In addition, vWF is degraded more rapidly due to the higher prevalence of blood group O with the Cys1584 variant of vWF (an amino acid polymorphism in VWF):[45] the gene for ADAMTS13 (vWF-cleaving protease) maps to the ninth chromosome (9q34), the same locus as ABO blood type. Higher levels of vWF are more common amongst people who have had ischaemic stroke (from blood clotting) for the first time.[46] The results of this study found that the occurrence was not affected by ADAMTS13 polymorphism, and the only significant genetic factor was the person's blood group.
Disease risks
Compared to O group individuals, non-O group (A, AB, and B) individuals have a 14% reduced risk of squamous cell carcinoma and 4% reduced risk of basal cell carcinoma.[47] Conversely, type O blood is associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer.[48][49] The B antigen links with increased risk of ovarian cancer.[50] Gastric cancer has reported to be more common in blood group A and least in group O.[51]
According to Glass, Holmgren, et al., those in the O blood group have an increased risk of infection with cholera, and those O-group individuals who are infected have more severe infections. The mechanisms behind this association with cholera are currently unclear in the literature.[52]
ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
ABO blood group incompatibilities between the mother and child does not usually cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) because antibodies to the ABO blood groups are usually of the IgM type, which do not cross the placenta. However, in an O-type mother, IgG ABO antibodies are produced and the baby can potentially develop ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn.
During the 1930s, connecting blood groups to personality types became popular in Japan and other areas of the world.[53] There are some positive science studies.[54][55]
Other popular but unsupported ideas include the use of a blood type diet, claims that group A causes severe hangovers, group O is associated with perfect teeth, and those with blood group A2 have the highest IQs. Scientific evidence in support of these concepts is nonexistent.[56]
See also
- Kidd blood group
- ^ Muramatsu M, Gonzalez HD, Cacciola R, Aikawa A, Yaqoob MM, Puliatti C (2014). "ABO incompatible renal transplants: Good or bad?". WORLD JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 4 (1): 18–29. doi:10.5500/wjt.v4.i1.18. PMID 11532188.
- ^ Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright (1993). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Landsteiner K (1900). "Zur Kenntnis der antifermentativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphe". Zentralblatt Bakteriologie 27: 357–62.
- ^ von Decastello A, Sturli A (1902). "Ueber die Isoagglutinine im Serum gesunder und kranker Menschen". Mfinch med Wschr 49: 1090–5.
- ^ Janský J (1907). "Haematologick studie u. psychotiku". Sborn. Klinick (in Czech) 8: 85–139.
- ^ Erb IH (1 May 1940). "Blood Group Classifications, a Plea for Uniformity". Canadian Medical Association Journal 42 (5): 418–21. PMC 537907. PMID 20321693.
- ^ Moss WL (1910). "Studies on isoagglutinins and isohemolysins". Bulletin Johns Hopkins Hospital 21: 63–70.
- ^ Crow J (1993). "Felix Bernstein and the first human marker locus". Genetics 133 (1): 4–7. PMC 1205297. PMID 8417988.
- ^ Morgan, W. T. J. & Watkins, W. M. Br. Med. Bull. 25, 30–34 (1969)
- ^ Watkins, W. M. Advances in Human Genetics Vol. 10 (eds Harris, H. & Hirschhorn, K.) 1–136 (Plenum, New York, 1980)
- ^ Watkins, W. M. & Morgan, W. T. J. Vox Sang. 4, 97−119 (1959).
- ^ Finne, Krusius, Rauvala, Kekomäki, Myllylä, FEBS left. 89: 111–115(1978)
- ^ Krusius, Finne, Rauvala, Eur. J. Biochem. 92: 289–300(1978)
- ^ Järnefelt, Rush, Li, Laine, J. Biol. Chem. 253: 8006–8009(1978)
- ^ Laine and Rush in Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates (A. Wu, E. Kabat, Eds.) Plenum Publishing Corporation, N.Y. NY (1988)
- ^ Finne, Eur. J. Biochem. 104: 181-189 (1980)
- ^ Yamamoto, et al., Molecular genetic basis of the histo-blood group ABO system, Nature 345: 229–233 (1990)
- ^ Benjamin A. Pierce (2008-02-15). Transmission and Population Genetics. ISBN 978-1-4292-1118-5.
- ^ Liu, QP; Sulzenbacher G, Yuan H, Bennett EP, Pietz G, Saunders K, Spence J, Nudelman E, Levery SB, White T, Neveu JM, Lane WS, Bourne Y, Olsson ML, Henrissat B, Clausen H (April 2007). "Bacterial glycosidases for the production of universal red blood cells". Nat Biotechnol 25 (4): 454–64. doi:10.1038/nbt1298. PMID 17401360. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Klug, William S.; Cummings, Michael R. (1997). Concepts of Genetics (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 83. ISBN 0135310628.
- ^ Yazer M, Olsson M, Palcic M; Olsson; Palcic (2006). "The cis-AB blood group phenotype: fundamental lessons in glycobiology". Transfus Med Rev 20 (3): 207–17. doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2006.03.002. PMID 16787828. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ "ABO inheritance patterns". Inheritance patterns of blood groups. Australian Red Cross Blood Service. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ^ "ABO blood group system". Abobloodtypes.webnode.com. Retrieved 2015-02-02.
- ^ Cited in "Misattributed paternity rates and non-paternity rates".
- ^ "Understanding genetics". Stanford.
- ^ a b Blood Group A Suptypes, The Owen Foundation. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
- ^ Seltsam A, Hallensleben M, Kollmann A, Blasczyk R (2003). "The nature of diversity and diversification at the ABO locus". Blood 102 (8): 3035–42. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-03-0955. PMID 12829588.
- ^ Ogasawara K; Bannai M; Saitou N; et al. (1996). "Extensive polymorphism of ABO blood group gene: three major lineages of the alleles for the common ABO phenotypes". Human Genetics 97 (6): 777–83. doi:10.1007/BF02346189. PMID 8641696.
- ^ Shastry, S; Bhat, S (October 2010). "Imbalance in A2 and A2B phenotype frequency of ABO group in South India". Blood Transfusion 8 (4): 267–270. doi:10.2450/2010.0147-09. PMC 2957492. PMID 20967168.
- ^ Potts, WTW (1979). "History and Blood Groups in the British Isles". In Sawyer PH. English Medieval Settlement. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-7131-6257-0.
- ^ Cserti CM, Dzik WH (2007) The ABO blood group system and Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Blood 110 (7) 2250–2258
- ^ a b Calafell, Francesc; et al. (September 2008). "Evolutionary dynamics of the human ABO gene". Human Genetics 124 (2): 123–135. doi:10.1007/s00439-008-0530-8. PMID 18629539. Retrieved 24 September 2008.
- ^ Jan Van Oss, Carel (2004). "Letter to the Editor: "Natural" Versus Regular Antibodies". The Protein Journal 23 (6): 357; author reply 359–60. doi:10.1023/B:JOPC.0000039625.56296.6e. PMID 15517982.
- ^ Arendrup, M; Hansen JE; Clausen H; Nielsen C; Mathiesen LR; Nielsen JO (April 1991). "Antibody to histo-blood group A antigen neutralizes HIV produced by lymphocytes from blood group A donors but not from blood group B or O donors". AIDS 5 (4): 441–4. doi:10.1097/00002030-199104000-00014. PMID 1711864.
- ^ Neil, SJ; McKnight A; Gustafsson K; Weiss RA (2005-06-15). "HIV-1 incorporates ABO histo-blood group antigens that sensitize virions to complement-mediated inactivation". Blood 105 (12): 4693–9. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-11-4267. PMID 15728127.
- ^ Seymour, R. M.; Allan, M. J.; Pomiankowski, A; Gustafsson, K (2004). "Evolution of the human ABO polymorphism by two complementary selective pressures". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 271 (1543): 1065–1072. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2674. PMC 1691687. PMID 15293861.
- ^ Reid, ME; Mohandas, N (2004). "Red blood cell blood group antigens: structure and function.". Seminars in hematology 41 (2): 93–117. doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2004.01.001. PMID 15071789.
- ^ Mohandas, N; Narla, A (2005). "Blood group antigens in health and disease.". Current Opinion in Hematology 12 (2): 135–40. doi:10.1097/01.moh.0000153000.09585.79. PMID 15725904.
- ^ Sarode, R; Goldstein J; Sussman II; Nagel RL; Tsai HM (June 2000). "Role of A and B blood group antigens in the expression of adhesive activity of von Willebrand factor". Br J Haematol. 109 (4): 857–64. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02113.x. PMID 10929042.
- ^ O'Donnell, J; Laffan MA (August 2001). "The relationship between ABO histo-blood group, factor VIII and von Willebrand factor". Transfus Med. 11 (4): 343–51. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3148.2001.00315.x. PMID 11532189.
- ^ O'Donnell, J; Boulton FE; Manning RA; Laffan MA (2002-02-01). "Amount of H antigen expressed on circulating von Willebrand factor is modifiedby ABO blood group genotype and is a major determinant of plasma von Willebrand factor antigen levels". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. (American Heart Association, Inc.) 22 (2): 335–41. doi:10.1161/hq0202.103997. PMID 11834538.
- ^ Gill, JC; Endres-Brooks J; Bauer PJ; Marks WJ; Montgomery RR (June 1987). "The effect of ABO blood group on the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease" (abstract). Blood 69 (6): 1691–5. PMID 3495304.
- ^ Shima, M; Fujimura Y; et al. (1995). "ABO blood group genotype and plasma von Willebrand factor in normal individuals". Vox Sang 68 (4): 236–40. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb02579.x. PMID 7660643.
- ^ Bowen, DJ; Collins PW; et al. (March 2005). "The prevalence of the cysteine1584 variant of von Willebrand factor is increased in type 1 von Willebrand disease: co-segregation with increased susceptibility to ADAMTS13 proteolysis but not clinical phenotype". Br J Haematol (Blackwell Synergy) 128 (6): 830–6. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05375.x. PMID 15755288.
- ^ Bongers T; de Maat M; van Goor M; et al. (2006). "High von Willebrand factor levels increase the risk of first ischemic stroke: influence of ADAMTS13, inflammation, and genetic variability". Stroke 37 (11): 2672–7. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000244767.39962.f7. PMID 16990571.
- ^ Xie J, Qureshi AA, Li Y, Han J; Qureshi; Li; Han (2010). "ABO Blood Group and Incidence of Skin Cancer". PLoS ONE 5 (8): e11972. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...511972X. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011972. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Wolpin, B. M.; Kraft, P.; Gross, M.; Helzlsouer, K.; Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. B.; Steplowski, E.; Stolzenberg-Solomon, R. Z.; Arslan, A. A.; Jacobs, E. J.; Lacroix, A.; Petersen, G.; Zheng, W.; Albanes, D.; Allen, N. E.; Amundadottir, L.; Anderson, G.; Boutron-Ruault, M. -C.; Buring, J. E.; Canzian, F.; Chanock, S. J.; Clipp, S.; Gaziano, J. M.; Giovannucci, E. L.; Hallmans, G.; Hankinson, S. E.; Hoover, R. N.; Hunter, D. J.; Hutchinson, A.; Jacobs, K.; Kooperberg, C. (2010). "Pancreatic Cancer Risk and ABO Blood Group Alleles: Results from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium". Cancer Research 70 (3): 1015–1023. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2993. PMC 2943735. PMID 20103627.
- ^ Amundadottir, L.; Kraft, P.; Stolzenberg-Solomon, R. Z.; Fuchs, C. S.; Petersen, G. M.; Arslan, A. A.; Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. B.; Gross, M.; Helzlsouer, K.; Jacobs, E. J.; Lacroix, A.; Zheng, W.; Albanes, D.; Bamlet, W.; Berg, C. D.; Berrino, F.; Bingham, S.; Buring, J. E.; Bracci, P. M.; Canzian, F.; Clavel-Chapelon, F. O.; Clipp, S.; Cotterchio, M.; De Andrade, M.; Duell, E. J.; Fox Jr, J. W.; Gallinger, S.; Gaziano, J. M.; Giovannucci, E. L.; Goggins, M. (2009). "Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the ABO locus associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer". Nature Genetics 41 (9): 986–990. doi:10.1038/ng.429. PMC 2839871. PMID 19648918.
- ^ Gates, MA; Wolpin, BM; Cramer, DW; Hankinson, SE; Tworoger, SS (2010). "ABO blood group and incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer". International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer 128 (2): 482–486. doi:10.1002/ijc.25339. PMC 2946962. PMID 20309936.
- ^ Aird, I; Bentall, HH; Roberts, JA (1953). "A relationship between cancer of stomach and the ABO blood groups". British Medical Journal 1 (4814): 799–801. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4814.799. PMC 2015995. PMID 13032504.
- ^ Glass, Roger; Holmgren J, Haley C, Khan M.R., SVENERHOLM M, STOLL B, HOSSAIN K, BLACK B, Yunus M, Barua D (June 1985). "Predisposition for cholera of individuals with O blood group. Possible evolutionary significance". American Journal of Epidemiology 121 (6): 791–796. PMID 4014172. Retrieved 20 August 2012. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ American Red Cross, Southern California Blood Services Region (n.d.). "Answers to Commonly Asked Questions About Blood and Blood Banking" (PDF). Blood: the Basics: 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 November 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2007.
- ^ Sung Il Ryu, Young Woo Sohn (2007), A Review of Sociocultural, Behavioral, Biochemical Analyses on ABO Blood-Groups Typology, The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology.
- ^ Donna K. Hobgood (2011), Personality traits of aggression-submissiveness and perfectionism associate with ABO blood groups through catecholamine activities, Medical Hypotheses, 77(2):294-300.
- ^ Klein, Harvey G (7 March 2005). "Why Do People Have Different Blood Types?". Scientific American. Retrieved 16 November 2007.
Further reading
- Dean L (2005). "Chapter 5: The ABO blood group.". Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
- Farr A (1 April 1979). "Blood group serology--the first four decades (1900--1939)". Med Hist 23 (2): 215–26. doi:10.1017/s0025727300051383. PMC 1082436. PMID 381816.
External links
- ABO at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH
- ABO blood groups, antibodies and antigens explained YouTube educational video
- Encyclopaedia Britannica, ABO blood group system
- National Blood Transfusion Service
- Molecular Genetic Basis of ABO
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
- 1. Red blood cell antigens and antibodies
- 2. 胎児および新生児における溶血性疾患の出生後診断およびマネージメント postnatal diagnosis and management of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
- 3. 血液媒介病原体とスポーツ bloodborne pathogens and sports
- 4. 腎移植におけるHLAとABOの感作および脱感作 hla and abo sensitization and desensitization in renal transplantation
- 5. 赤血球移植前試験 pretransfusion testing for red blood cell transfusion
- 血液型人間分類における受容と持続の解釈について
- 小山 由
- 常民文化 (38), 1-31, 2015-03
- … The idea that there is a relationship between personality based on ABO blood type and the nature of each individual has been widely accepted in Japan. … This understanding has been scientifically referred to as the blood type stereotype. …
- 渡邊 賢,細谷 真悠子,平山 幸一 [他],池谷 博,斉藤 久子,岩瀬 博太郎,阿久津 智子,櫻田 宏一
- 日本法科学技術学会誌 20(1), 41-50, 2015
- … In forensic investigations, ABO genotyping is often performed to obtain information for individual identification. … This information is especially effective in the analysis of highly decomposed samples with which the serological method for ABO typing cannot be used due to ABH antigen deterioration. …
- The most well-known and medically important blood types are in the ABO group. They were discovered in 1900 and 1901 at the University of Vienna by Karl Landsteiner in the process of trying to learn why blood transfusions ...
- ABO blood group system, the classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells (erythrocytes) as determined by the presence or absence of the antigens A and B, which are carried on the ...
- n.
- v.
- 分類する、グループ化する
- 関
- assortment、categorization、categorize、category、class、classification、classifier、classify、cluster、collective、grouping、herd、mass、population、sort、swarm、systematization、typing
WordNet [license wordnet]「arrange into a group or groups; "Can you group these shapes together?"」
WordNet [license wordnet]「(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule」
- 同
- radical, chemical group
WordNet [license wordnet]「any number of entities (members) considered as a unit」
WordNet [license wordnet]「a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse」
- 同
- mathematical group
PrepTutorEJDIC [license prepejdic]「(…の)『群れ』,集まり,小集団《+of+名》 / (主義・系統・種類などを同じくする人・物の)『派』,『団体』 / (ポミュラーソング歌手の)グループ / (動・植物分類上の)群;(化学の)基,原子団;(地質学上の)界;(数学の)群;(言語学上の)語派 / …'を'一群に集める,一団にする《+『名』+『together』》 / (系統的に)…'を'分類する,調和よく配合する《+『名』+『together』》 / 集まる,群(集団)をなす」
WordNet [license wordnet]「form a group or group together」
- 同
- aggroup
WordNet [license wordnet]「smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill」
WordNet [license wordnet]「temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"」
WordNet [license wordnet]「people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"」
WordNet [license wordnet]「the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea」
PrepTutorEJDIC [license prepejdic]「『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉'に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉'に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる」
- n.
- 関
- assortment、categorization、categorize、category、class、classification、classifier、classify、group、grouped、sort、systematization、typing
WordNet [license wordnet]「the activity of putting things together in groups」
WordNet [license wordnet]「a system for classifying things into groups」
- 同
- pigeonholing
PrepTutorEJDIC [license prepejdic]「グループに分けること;分類法 / (集まった物の)配置,配合」
PrepTutorEJDIC [license prepejdic]「answer / ampere」
WordNet [license wordnet]「the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet」
- 同
- a
WordNet [license wordnet]「the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen」
- 同
- type A, group A
WordNet [license wordnet]「the blood group whose red cells carry both the A and B antigens」
- 同
- type AB, group AB


text: On Fri, May 09, 2008 at 04:30:43PM +0200, Ansgar Esztermann alleged: > Hello everyone, > > > I have a problem here with node sets; if anyone could advise me as to > how to investigate further, I'd be grateful. > > The cluster in question consists of nodes with pair-wise Infiniband > connections. Thus, node001 is connected to node002, but jobs spanning > two nodes should not be started on, say, node001 and node005. > In order to accomplish this, I've used Node Sets as suggested in the > Maui Administrator's Guide, Chapter 8.3: > >NODESETPOLICY ONEOF > >NODESETATTRIBUTE FEATURE > >NODESETDELAY 7:00:00:00 > >NODESETLIST twin01 twin02 twin03 twin04 twin05 twin06 twin07 twin08 > >twin09 > > I've then grouped the nodes into pairs ("twins") like this: > >NODECFG[node001] FEATURES=twin01 > >NODECFG[node002] FEATURES=twin01 > >NODECFG[node003] FEATURES=twin02 > and so on. > > Now, when I restart maui, all nodes have the features [all] and > [twinXX], as shown by diagnose -n and checknode. As many queued jobs > as possible are scheduled and started, just as I would expect. > Then, something curious happens: the [twinXX] feature simply vanishes, > and no further jobs are started even when the current batch completes > execution. > > Any idea on where I should look to solve this problem? I use nodesets extensively in my cluster and they work very reliably, but I've never put them in maui.cfg. I put them in torque's config. You also get the benefit of torque being able to use the same features ("properties" in torque). Simply add them in qmgr. s n node001 properties = twin01 s n node002 properties = twin01 ... -- Garrick Staples, GNU/Linux HPCC SysAdmin University of Southern California Please avoid sending me Word or PowerPoint attachments. See http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: application/pgp-signature Size: 189 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://www.supercluster.org/pipermail/mauiusers/attachments/20080513/a8b8f694/attachment.bin


text:
Visit our sites:
Search Articles
Browse by Category
Search Rental Property
Choose 5 Local Likes
At least one LocalLikes factor is required for the search.
Available Neighborhood
0/5 Items Selected
Remove All
Please add your own LocalLikes factors from the list. You can select up to 5 items.
Follow a few safety precautionsBy Kate Kemp
Just because the
apartment complex you've moved in to seems safe, doesn't mean you shouldn't follow extra safety precautions. The following is a list of safety do's and don'ts to help you keep your apartment extra safe:
Let a neighbor friend know when you are going out of town so that he or she can keep an eye on any suspicious activity going on around your apartment. You and your neighbors can have a buddy system. He'll watch out for you when you're gone and vice versa.
Report bad lighting, overgrowth of landscaping (if it looks like someone can hide in it) and broken locks. Your property manager is responsible for providing you with working locks and a safe outdoor environment, but you are responsible for letting him know about any problems with these things. Landlords and managers have a million things to keep an eye on, and they may be too busy to notice a tampered lock, etc.
Be alert when walking to or from your apartment late at night, as well as when using common rooms such as the weight room, laundry room, etc. Some people feel more secure when they have some sort of defense weapon with them. From alarms to pepper spray, there's plenty to choose from.
Report suspicious characters to the management. This is not to say you should report every person you don't recognize, but there's a difference between not recognizing someone and recognizing a potential threat.
Lock your car door. Even if you're only running inside to grab a jacket, you need to keep your car secure. Does the movie Gone in 60 seconds mean anything to you?
Leave a note on your door or mailbox indicating your absence. That includes notes like Honey, I'll be back in ten minutes.... Ten minutes is long enough to steal all of your jewelry.
Advertise that you live alone. Use initials on your mailbox and for your telephone listing. Criminals look for easy targets. Don't make yourself one.
Get on the elevator with only one person unless you know them. Once you're on the elevator, stand near the control panel. This will prevent anyone from stopping the elevator between floors.
Leave valuable objects out that can be seen through your apartment window or out in your car. Burglars go window shopping, too! Don't put your valuables on display.
Move, Inc. All rights reserved.
Equal Housing Opportunity.
Don't have an account? Signing up is easy!
Already have an account?
Privacy Policy
| Terms of Use
We will not share your personal information without your permission.
You can access your saved listings and searches from any computer by signing into Move.com with your email address. Please ensure it is correct.
Please enter your email address below. We will send a new password to you.
We've sent an email to
"MOVE.com® Password Assistance".
If you don't see this message it may have been
mistakenly flagged as spam and placed in your
Spam folder. Please add firstname.lastname@example.com to your
safe sender list.
Follow the instructions in this email to reset your password.
Back to Sign In
Select user type before the customization
Registered User
I already have an account. Please sign me in and load my Local Likes.
New User
I am a new user and I would like to use this feature.
What are your
Your Local Likes are simply the things that are important to you about where you
want to live. Customize your Local Likes list to see changes to the map.


text:
The new Iraqi dinar, introduced in October, is now virtually worthless: It takes 1,460 dinars to equal $1, according to Bloomberg financial news service. (Related: Check the latest exchange rates at USATODAY.com).
But dinar trade is thriving on the Internet.
Internet auctioneer eBay, for example, lists 622 auctions of new Iraqi dinars, in lots from 1,000 to 5 million. Dozens of Web sites, such as www.BuyDinarsHere.com, www.DinarTrade.com and www.InvestInDinar.com, sell dinars to U.S. investors.
The lure: Investors remember that the Kuwaiti dinar plunged to 10 cents after Iraq invaded Kuwait. It's worth $3.39 now.
The Iraqi dinar sold for as much as $3 before the first Gulf War. And Iraq sits on the world's second-largest oil reserves, an enormous asset. "Even if it goes up to one penny per dinar, that's a lot of money," says Mahmoud Shalabi, president of SilverDinar.com.
Currently, a 250,000 dinar note is worth about $171. At a penny per dinar, the same note would be worth $2,500.
Interest has cooled since the U.S. handed power to the Iraqis. "Before the handover of Iraq, business was phenomenal," says Marshall Donnerbauer, president of InvestInDinar.com. "All the soldiers and contractors wanted to be investors before that."
The insurgency hasn't helped business. "It depends on the news," says Katja Morgenstern, president of Dinar Trading Company, which runs www.buydinar.com. "If it's a bad week, business is slow."
Risks for investors are enormous. If Iraq inflates its currency or otherwise devalues it, dinars could get demolished. Further civil strife also could clobber the currency. Speculators who bought dinars early are sitting on big losses. Other problems:
•Pricing. Dinar exchange rates vary widely, and only large institutions can get 1,460 dinars to the dollar. Dinar Trading Company offered 1 million dinars for $1,345 Monday. Dinar Trade offered 1 million dinars for $1,050. "There are lots of different prices around," says Shalabi. "Everyone has his own price."
•Liquidity. Most dealers who sell dinars won't buy them, and U.S. banks won't buy them either. You can, however, sell dinars on eBay. Monday, 1 million dinars were being offered for $840 to $940.
•Fraud. Unlike the worthless Saddam-era dinars, new dinars are difficult to counterfeit. But some investors have ordered dinars from unscrupulous dealers and never received them, Morgenstern says.
Donnerbauer says there's a side benefit to holding millions of dinars. "I'm not a rich guy," he says. "But it's a good way to simulate being rich."


text:
Corrie Nielsen's dip-dyed dreams
Sunday 16 September 2012
London Fashion Week The Daily proudly presents a back-of-the-Mercedes interview with fashion designer Corrie Nielsen.
JO: Tell me about the inspiration behind your SS13 collection.
CN: The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. I looked at the shapes of the plants and the flowers and transformed that into design.
JO: What's your favourite flower?
CN: That's a hard one because there are so many I like. I really like the Birds of Paradise, the Poppy and the Peonie Rose, which is beautiful – it's a bud that develops into a ball and then it just opens up, and there are many, many layers of petals. It's quite beautiful.
JO: What were your Kew Garden highlights?
CN: I think the history and the Victorian greenhouses were most spectacular. There are a lot of people who have contributed to it, as well as planted different specimens they have collected from around the world – like scientists and also the royal family.
JO: On average, how long do you spend researching each collection?
CN: Hours and hours. I don't really tally it up. It could be just days spent visiting places, because that's time as well. I'm constantly researching.
JO: Do you have a favourite piece from the collection?
CN: I don't really have one. I quite liked the little dip-dyed jacket with the tulip-structured dip-dyed skirt. That turned out really lovely. Also the showpieces. I did something different this season by producing a wedding dress that can be worn for black tie events and the red carpet. I'm bringing back more red carpet pieces because they get requested a lot. I loved all of it because my inspiration came from so many different places around Kew Gardens. And how can you love just one particular piece?
JO: Any dip-dyeing disasters?
CN: Nope, no dip-dyeing disasters.
JO: What's coming up next for you?
CN: I can't reveal my secret. That is my best-kept secret!
JO: But we have something exciting to look forward to?
CN: It's beautiful, it will be.
JO: What are the standout moments of your career so far?
CN: I think being chosen by Hilary Alexander to design the dress for Fashion for the Brave this year. It's a massive honour. Also being chosen by John Galliano for the Fashion Fringe win because he is one of the greatest talents in the world and will always be regardless…being recognised by a master couturier was a highlight.
JO: And your strongest memory of Central Saint Martins?
CN: When I got accepted on to the Masters programme by Louise Wilson. She tells it like it is.
JO: What's the best thing about Mercedes?
CN: Well, it's luxury isn't it? The one thing I can say about Mercedes is that it's a longstanding business and are totally grounded. I have a lot of respect for that. They have upheld a quality and craftsmanship that you don't see in a lot of different companies producing cars.
JO: Cake or steak?
CN: Well, both! You have to have the steak and then you can have the cake. They both go together. Well, not together, but you know…you need them both.
JO: When have you been most sleep deprived?
CN: This week. I'm not kidding. I think I've had maybe a maximum of 16 to 20 hours over this week. I have literally been up every night – Monday, Tuesday Wednesday and Thursday.
JO: Do you have an ultimate goal?
CN: Oh gosh, I have a few. Personally, I would love to own a Georgian home and just be very happy with somebody. I think I'm somebody from the past, because I live in the past. I'm not modern. Well, maybe I am in a certain sense. I just love everything about the lifestyle – I mean look at this, Somerset House is amazing! I can just imagine a horse and buggy trailing through here with women getting out wearing those huge dresses. And the parties. It's just very romantic and I love it.


text:
- Home
- News
- Sports
- Opinion
- Obituaries
- Features
- Special Sections
- Classifieds
- Public Notices
Friday Merle Norman Ribbon Cutting The Greater Area Chiefland Chamber of Commerce is sponsoring a ribbon cutting for one of its newest members Merle Norman Cosmetics. The even is at 1:15 p.m. at 1125 N.W. 19th Ave. in Chiefland, and the public is invited to welcome Merle Norman Cosmetics into our community. Merle Norman Cosmetics specializes in cosmetic, boutique items and spa like experience needs. Please take the time to welcome Merle Norman Cosmetics owner, Christy Couch into our community.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Chiefland Citizen, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
|ZIP Code:


text:
Pentax Optio W20 review
This is a really excellent camera. I have owned Optio 33WR, 43 WR, and now the W20. The intervening models deleted some features that I use and need, but they were restored on the W20. I use it for general carry-around outdoors photos and particularly for macro shots. For that use, it's great.
Brilliant macros down to 1 cm from the lens, with a special soft flash mode so you can use flash with macro. Waterproof, extremely high image quality at ISO 64 and 100, and maybe even 200, quite useable at 400, amazing for a very small compact. Movie mode with digital image stabilization works well, and it lets you zoom while filming.
see www dot pbase dot com slash northqueenslandphotos slash optio_w20 for more info and an in depth user review with sample photos. The URL is entered in this form because although dpreview's instructions say you can include links, they do not show up. Just replace 'dot' with . and 'slash' with / and you'll get there.
|Ross Alford's score
|Average community score
|See all 7 reviews »
|Post (hide subjects)
|Posted by
|Nov 15, 2006
|Nectar Dancing by Lensmate
from A Big Year - birds
|Sad clown by PEB
from Clowns
|Mtl Gen X 2015 DP by MarioSS
from - Gen X - (In Full Colours+ Border)
|(unknown member)


text:
Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington : Government Printing Office, 1929.
|Chap. 369
|Public lands. Flandreau, S. Dak., granted lot for public park.
|Chap. 369
Page 94
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to transfer to the city of Flandreau, in Moody County, South Dakota, the following-described real property situated in the city of Flandreau, Moody County, South Dakota, viz: The south half of lot fourteen of the southeast quarter of section twenty-one, township one hundred and seven, range forty-eight, which shall be permanently used as a public park or playground for the Indian and white school children of the vicinity on equal terms, which park or playground shall be maintained by the city of Flandreau without expense to the United States.
Approved, August 21, 1916.


text:
Repotools Command Fails with error "CRJAZ1357E Failed to login into the server"
Technote (troubleshooting)
You are running a repotools command and get an error similar to:
CRJAZ1357E Failed to login into the server 'https://<serverName>:9443/jts'.
Check the login credentials.
The repotools command may require credentials.
Resolving the problem
Run the repotools command -help on the server to see the full set of parameters for any given command. The Information Center documentation links for repotools commands do not always list the credentials parameters.
Here is the Information Center reference for commands:
Repository tools command-line reference
In some cases, the credentials parameters are not listed. But by using repotools-jts.bat -help on the server, you will see all parameters.
The Jazz based products have an active community that can provide you with additional resources. Browse and contribute to the User forums, contribute to the Team Blog and review the Team wiki.
Document information
More support for:
Rational Requirements Composer
Software version: 4.0, 18.104.22.168, 184.108.40.206, 4.0.1, 4.0.2, 4.0.3, 4.0.4
Operating system(s): Linux, Windows
Reference #: 1657881
Modified date: 04 December 2013
Translate this page:


text:
Cumin-Garlic Chicken and Beet Kebabs
The chicken needs to be marinated overnight, so plan accordingly.
Slideshow: Amazing Chicken Recipes
- Servings: 6
- 1/4 cup cumin seeds
- 1/2 cup vegetable oil, plus more for brushing
- 6 garlic cloves, smashed
- 1/4 cup grainy mustard
- 1/4 cup honey
- 2 pounds skinless, boneless chicken breasts, cut into 1 1/2-inch cubes
- 5 medium beets, peeled and cut into 1 1/2-inch wedges
- Kosher salt and freshly ground pepper
How to make this recipe
In a small skillet, toast the cumin seeds over moderately low heat, stirring, until fragrant, 2 to 3 minutes. Transfer the cumin to a mini processor and let cool. Add 1/4 cup plus 3 tablespoons of the oil, the garlic, mustard and honey and process until blended. Scrape the marinade into a resealable plastic bag, add the cubed chicken and refrigerate overnight.
Preheat the oven to 400°. In a baking dish, toss the beets with the remaining 1 tablespoon of oil; season with salt and pepper. Cover with foil and bake for 35 minutes, or until tender. Let cool.
Light a grill. Thread alternating chicken cubes and beet wedges onto bamboo skewers. Brush lightly with oil and season with salt and pepper. Grill the kebabs over moderately high heat for 10 to 12 minutes, turning and brushing occasionally, until the chicken is cooked.


text:
"MPPT" Solar charge controllers
Since my alternative power system at home is growing, I wanted to try out MPPT charge controllers since I'm having more and more loads added to it to maximize the available power and speed up the return for our investment on the system.
I looked around online for some MPPT charge controllers to try out. I stumbled upon these on a well known online auction site and for about $14 each (the 10A and 20A versions) and about $50 for the digital one with LCD screen, I said, why not? Let's give it a try.
I went ahead and ordered them and studied about how different MPPT techniques are applied, Looking at Google images, I couldn't find the models I bought. I wonder why? Then they arrived. When I held the small ones, You feel what $14 buys you. It's very light and feels hollow.
Once I got home, powered up the one with LCD screen and it seems to work. So, on with the screwdriver!
Surprise, surprise. Look at the pictures I took to have an idea of what you get for that price.
The three charge controllers that I ordered. The top one is 30A rated, the two below are 20A and 10A. All are supposedly MPPT type:
The manuals clearly state MPPT in the model numbers. The online ad clearly says
"MPPT solar charge controller MPPT10-60: Compared with normal solar charge controller, this MPPT controller could increase efficiency by 10%-30%. " - yeah right:
Let's start with the 30A with LCD:
Back side is nice extruded aluminum with fins as heatsink. This one weighs a bit and doesn't feel hollow:
Top cover removed:
The LCD with the LCD driver is on a small board that can easily be unplugged.
Note the lack of a huge inductor. MPPT charge controllers are SMPS based and are usually buck or buck-boost topology so they WILL have a huge inductor somewhere.
There is one on the upper right corner but that's for the 5V USB port power supply so these are PWM controllers.
It does use beefy high current shunts (copper bars on the PCB), nice buss bars to handle the current and no diodes carrying the full charge and discharge currents. All are switched by MOSFETs only:
One small MOV to absorb lightning surges on the input line.
The two multiturn trimmers with OP07 op amps for calibrating the current readings.
There is no means as far as I can tell to calibrate the voltage readings as mine was off as much as -0.4V:
The temperature probe is a barrel connector with a thermistor inside:
On with the smaller ones.
Both are the same only difference I think would be the MOSFETs used
- I can't confirm as the numbers aren't readable, and the fuse. 25A on the 20A version and 15A on the 10A version:
Back cover removed. The back cover is a punched aluminum sheet about 1mm thick. The MOSFETs are simply held on with light pressure.
There are no screws clamping them tightly to the "heatsink":
Front of the PCB. Note the same lack of large inductors present in a true MPPT controller. The PCB is neatly laid out though. I do see three SMD trimmers. They don't appear to be factory set as they are still in the middle position as it came from the reel:
A puny transorb to absorb input surge?
Self resetting fuse? Polyswitch?
I don't think so!
One thing I do like though is that they all use decent quality rising clamp terminal blocks:
To end this writeup, The electronics do look decently assembled but only time will tell if they will last or even meet the current capacity as advertised. The manuals mention of automatic selection of 12/24V systems but I don't think I'd want to believe that. Another thing I don't like is that both input and output are switched on the negative side so consider that when using a common negative ground system. Also, in this case, the saying "You get what you pay for" still holds true. Cheap and true MPPT? Not a chance.
14 July 2013:
I tested the two smaller ones which have trimmers inside but doesn't seem to do anything when I tried turning all of them. I measured that the controllers cut off at 14.5V battery voltage, the low voltage cut off is at 10.80V and resets at 12.15V on both the 10A and 20A version.
I could not stand the voltmeter display being off on the 30A unit so I modified it. Turned out I only needed to add a 100ohm trimmer to be able to calibrate it.
This is the part we are interested in. Main microcontroller is the 32pin QFP IC marked U1:
Here are the modifications I made to be able to calibrate the voltage display. The trimmer I added is a 100ohm Bourns 3296Y:
Trimmer in place. I also added metal and fiber washers on the three screws holding the MOSFETs onto the heatsink to distribute the clamping force and not deform the PCB:
Once I had calibrated the voltage display, it is fairly accurate. Interestingly, When charging at high currents, the display is accurate even with some voltage drop across the line between the controller and battery. This was possible because the controller charges in pulses by turning off the panel for about 6ms at 10 times per second and measuring during the off period. As for the amp displays, the output current display is fairly accurate against my external display. But for the input current display, I'm having a hard time calibrating it as during input, current is pulsed so it is difficult to get an accurate DC reading without an oscilloscope + shunt or a good DMM but a few days of observation shows it follows closely the reading of my external large display meters.
But the output control is quite versatile. If set at 24H, the output is always on as long as battery voltage is above the LVC (low voltage cutoff). When set at <24H, it will turn on when there less than 4Volts input voltage from the PV panels. Once it is on, it will turn off in any of the three conditions: there is >4Volts PV voltage, LVC is triggered or the time set is reached. In all these modes, the output can be manually turned on or off with the 'lightbulb' button.
Page createde and copyright R.Quan © 09 July 2013.


text:
Two Parkview Baptist School seniors signed to play college basketball during a May 15 ceremony at the school.
Parkview Baptist senior Anthony Stove signed a letter of intent to play basketball at Frank Phillips College in Borger, Texas.
Stove was a three-year member of the PBS basketball team.
Parkview Baptist senior Colby Harrison signed a letter of intent to play basketball at LSU-Alexandria.
Harrison was a member of the PBS basketball team and served as team captain his senior year. He was named to the District 7-3A All-District First Team.


text:
A stellar retail panel — Mark Friedman, manager of retail facilities, Coldwater Creek; Eric Johnson, director of store planning, design and construction, Brookshire Brothers Ltd.; and Bob Valair, director of energy and environmental management, Staples — shared first-hand accounts of their LED deployments and plans going forward at the SPECS session, "LED Lessons Learned, Strategies for the Future."
Brookshire Brothers has launched a comprehensive lighting update involving in-store, parking lot, exterior signage and refrigerated case fixtures.
Using a combination of new linear fluorescent lighting and LED technologies — from GE Lighting, East Cleveland, Ohio — Brookshire Brothers will reduce its annual operating costs more than $235,000. The relamping has eliminated more than 3.8 million lbs. of CO2 emissions, with a reduction of 2.4 million kilowatt hours (kWhs) in electricity use.
Brookshire Brothers has launched a facility-wide lighting update, including in-store, parking lot, exterior signage and refrigerated case fixtures.