text:
Are you ready for the Kentucky Derby 2014?
The Kentucky Derby 2014 will take place on May 3 –this Saturday– and the gates will open up at 8:00 a.m. Coverage of the event will start at 4:00 p.m. on NBC. The race will start at 6:24 p.m.
Favorites to win the Kentucky Derby 2014 include California Chrome, Hoppertunity and Vicar's in Trouble.
According to the official website, The Kentucky Derby 2014 will be the 140th running of the race. The event lasts for two minutes and is being sponsored by Yum Brands (YUM). The Churchill Downs Racetrack in Louisville, KY became the official home of the Kentucky Derby in 1875. The Churchill Downs Racetrack was constructed with the help of Col. M. Lewis Clark, who raised $32,000 for its construction by selling $100 memberships to the track to 320 people.


text:
User experience design is a subset of the field of experience design which pertains to the creation of the architecture and interaction models which impact a user's perception of a device or system. The scope of the field is directed at affecting 'all aspects of the user's interaction with the product: how it is perceived, learned, and used.'
The 10/90 Rule for Magnificent Web Analytics Success
For every $100 you invest in web analytics, you should spend $10 on tools and $90 on people with the brain power to think about the results from the tools.
Kaushik, Avinash. Occam's Razor (2006). Articles>Web Design>Audience Analysis>Log Analysis
101 Examples of Text Treatments on the Web
Typography is often a deciding factor in the success of a design. Its importance cannot be overstated. Effective typography can be achieved in so many different ways, as demonstrated in the 17 different categories below. Some of the most common ways to treat type is with size, color variation, creative illustrations, and use of textures. The examples below are just the tip of the iceberg as far as the possibilities for type.
Webdesigner Depot (2009). Design>Web Design>Typography
Most abstract information spaces work poorly in 3D because they are non-physical. If anything, they have at least a hundred dimensions, so visualizing an information space in 3D means throwing away 97 dimensions instead of 98: hardly a big enough improvement to justify the added interface complexity.
Nielsen, Jakob. Alertbox (1998). Design>Web Design>Usability
30 Beautiful Photo-Centric Web Designs for Inspiration
There's something about photographs that manages to attract the attention of web users. Indeed, photos can be excellent design elements in a web design. Watch the file sizes of your web pages though; you have to strike a balance between aesthetics and page response times. From images of scenic landscapes to photos of people, the sites in this collection demonstrate the inspiring and visually tantalizing use of photos as chief elements in a web design.
Gube, Jacob. Design Instruct (2011). Design>Web Design>Graphic Design
It's hard to imagine a form that could be simpler: two fields, two buttons, and one link. Yet, it turns out this form was preventing customers from purchasing products from a major e-commerce site, to the tune of $300,000,000 a year. What was even worse: the designers of the site had no clue there was even a problem.
Spool, Jared M. User Interface Engineering (2009). Articles>Web Design>Usability>Forms
34 Ideas for Promoting Your Intranet
The promotion of an intranet is never-ending. From the day it's launched, through to its eventual retirement, an intranet must be constantly advertised to staff. Without this, many staff will remain unaware that the intranet even exists. Others won't recognise the full value of the intranet, or use anything but a tiny corner of the site. This article outlines 34 ideas for promoting an intranet, ranging from the obvious through to the very unusual. Somewhere in this list should be a few approaches that you can apply to your own intranet.
Robertson, James. Step Two (2003). Design>Web Design>Intranets
Three-dimensional illusion effects are powerful devices that can achieve excellent results. They can also add significantly to overall page filesize, and can reduce usability if overused, so should be used deliberately and with care (unlike the title image above, see cooltext.com if you want one).
Hunt, Ben. Web Design From Scratch (2005). Design>Web Design>Graphic Design>3D
Here's a very quick, but very useful trick. You can catch 404 errors (page not found) on a static site and serve up a custom 404 page with a one-liner in your .htaccess file.
Coyier, Chris. CSS Tricks (2008). Design>Web Design>User Centered Design
80/20 Practitioners Make Better Communicators
Approaches that are either too general or too specific can easily overwhelm practitioners—and derail budgets. Fresh from recent experiences with two large-scale redesigns, Katie Kovalcin suggests that flexibility and open communication can transform all team members into what she calls "80/20 practitioners," creating a more effective balance of time and resources.
Kovalcin, Katie. List Apart, A (2015). Articles>Project Management>Web Design>Collaboration
91 Trendy Contact And Web Forms For Creative Inspiration
This article showcases modern and interesting contact/web form solutions found around the Internet. I also collected interesting ways how people decide to call their contact forms – get in touch, contact info, say hello, talk to me, say hey, connect, say "hi", mail us and of course – contact us.
Graveris, Dainis. First Web Designer (2009). Design>Web Design>Forms>User Experience
The first time I discovered the 960 Grid System, I was immediately excited about the possibilities of implementing complex layouts so easily. However, since I was fairly new to web design at the time, when I downloaded the files, I quickly became overwhelmed at how complicated the whole thing seemed. With all this code, how could this be the easy way to create a layout?
Johnson, Joshua. Six Revisions (2010). Articles>Web Design>CSS
A Call to Action for Web Managers: Blow the Whistle
We had a huge, unruly Web site. It just had different graphics, a better-named Web team and more people shoveling on content and applications. Finally, out of desperation, we decided to try a new-fangled thing called a Web content management system.
Welchman, Lisa. WelchmanPierpoint (2009). Articles>Web Design>Content Management>Case Studies
A Guide to Web Typography. The Basics
Typography for the Web has come a long way since Tim Berners-Lee flipped the switch in 1991. Back in the days of IE 1.0, good web typography was something of an oxymoron. Today things are different. Not only do we have browsers that support images (gasp!), but we have the opportunity to make our web pages come to life through great typography.
I Love Typography (2008). Design>Web Design>Typography
When you build websites that rely on cookies and they are expected to work with privacy settings other than default, you'll have to deal with P3P. Read on to find out about the cornerstones of the Platform for Privacy Preferences, and get your hands dirty with an example guiding you from empty hands to a complete basic implementation.
Willerich, Matthias. Content with Style. Articles>Web Design>Privacy>Standards
A Web Policy is a Policy, Not a Standard
I've noticed recently that people (and organizations) often interchange the policies and standards labels as if there is no difference between them... like those who insist the Web and the Internet are the same. I'm not one for splitting hairs, but in this case, policies are truly not the same as standards and it's important to be clear about the distinction.
Koniezeski, Delia. WelchmanPierpoint (2009). Articles>Web Design>Style Guides>Policies and Procedures
A-Z Indexes to Enhance Site Searching
On a Web site or intranet each of the alphabetically arranged entries or subentries is hyperlinked to the page or to an anchor within a page to where the topic is discussed. Since an alphabetical index can be quite long, it is often divided into pages for each letter of the alphabet. Typically, each letter is linked at the top of the page allow a jump to the start of that letter's section of the index.
Digital Web Magazine (2005). Articles>Web Design>Indexing>Information Design
ABBR and ACRONYM are for User Agents, Not for End Users
The WCAG (1.0) guideline 4, checkpoint 4.2, about ABBR and ACRONYM, has for a long time been too unclear to implement. The drafts for XHTML 2.0 and WCAG 2.0 seem to have solved most problems.
Tverskov, Jesper. Smack the Mouse (2004). Articles>Web Design>HTML
I believe that the best way to design web sites is to bear in mind the goals of the site and its users.
Hunt, Ben. Web Design From Scratch (2005). Design>Web Design>Planning
About the Open Directory (DMOZ)
Learn all about the Open Directory and how to get listed there.
Craven, Phil. Webcredible (2004). Design>Web Design>Search
About Us Information on Websites
We found a 9% improvement in the usability of About Us information on websites over the past 5 years. But companies and organizations still can't explain what they do in one paragraph.
Nielsen, Jakob. Alertbox (2008). Articles>Web Design>Usability>Writing
"About Us" -- Presenting Information About an Organization on Its Website
Study participants searched websites for background information ranging from company history to management biographies and contact details. Their success rate was 70%, leaving much room for usability improvements in the 'About Us' designs.
Nielsen, Jakob. Alertbox (2003). Articles>Web Design>Usability>Writing
"About Us" Doesn't Have to be All "Ugh."
No matter how beautifully designed, if a site's voice doesn't ring true, it's easy to spot an "ugh." Rather than using this section of a site like a congratulatory press release, consider approaching "About Us" like a magazine's Editor Letter.
Vollenweider, Julie. Brain Traffic (2009). Articles>Web Design>Writing>Business Communication
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), along with other groups and standards bodies, has established technologies for creating and interpreting web-based content. These technologies, which we call 'web standards', are carefully designed to deliver the greatest benefits to the greatest number of web users while ensuring the long-term viability of any document published on the Web. Designing and building with these standards simplifies and lowers the cost of production, while delivering sites that are accessible to more people and more types of Internet devices. Sites developed along these lines will continue to function correctly as traditional desktop browsers evolve, and as new Internet devices come to market.
Abundance of Choice and Its Effect on Decision Making
What affects decision outcomes most is the actual context in which people make decisions. All kinds of things affect decision making—the type of decision someone is making, the decision maker's level of expertise, the number of options available, the way and order in which options are presented, and many others. This column examines how the number of available options affects the decision-making process.
Roller, Colleen. UXmatters (2010). Articles>Web Design>Information Design>User Experience
Accent Folding for Auto-Complete
A common assumption about internationalization is that every user fits into a single locale like "English, United States" or "French, France." It's a hangover from the PC days when just getting the computer to display the right squiggly bits was a big deal. One byte equaled one character, no exceptions, and you could only load one language's alphabet at a time. This was fine because it was better than nothing, and because users spent most of their time with documents they or their coworkers produced themselves. Today users deal with data from everywhere, in multiple languages and locales, all the time. The locale I prefer is only loosely correlated with the locales I expect applications to process.
Bueno, Carlos. List Apart, A (2010). Articles>Web Design>Localization>Unicode

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Restaurants And Local Foods
- The founder of the Farmer's Diner talks about what he learned while running a restaurant using locally-grown foods, and what he'll do differently the next time.
- Low-income assistance for winter heating continues to fall short of demand.
- And Howard Frank Mosher reads from his book, "Disappearances".


text:
Idk if it's me but I like it with the app not a whole separate app
I'd like it to be separate but if it were a true messaging system, not just tweeting. So like I could type out as many characters I want and only that person would see it. Not 140 characters for everyone in the world to see.
I'd agree though one less app I need is better for me. Facebook is just trying to reach what the IMs of the past achieved so well back in the 90's and early 2000s


text:
by Michael Price for SDSU News
San Diego CA (SPX) Jan 23, 2014
Like an amphitheater amplifies sound, the stiff, sturdy soil beneath the Greater Vancouver metropolitan area could greatly amplify the effects of an earthquake, pushing the potential devastation past what building codes in the region are prepared for. That's the conclusion behind a pair of studies recently coauthored by San Diego State University seismologist Kim Olsen.
Greater Vancouver sits atop a tectonic plate known as the Juan de Fuca Plate, which extends south to encompass Washington and Oregon states. The subterranean region of this plate beneath Vancouver is a bowl-shaped mass of rigid soil called the Georgia Basin. Earthquakes can and do occur in the Georgia Basin and can originate deep within the earth, between 50 and 70 kilometers down, or as shallow as a couple kilometers.
While earthquake researchers have long known that the region is tectonically active and policymakers have enforced building codes designed to protect against earthquakes, those codes aren't quite strict enough because seismologists have failed to account for how the Georgia Basin affects a quake's severity, Olsen said. In large part, that's because until recently the problem has been too computationally complex, he said.
"People have neglected the effects of stiffer soil," Olsen said. "They haven't been able to look at the basin as a three-dimensional object."
The idea to investigate the basin's effect on earthquakes originated with Sheri Molnar, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of British Columbia. She reached out to Olsen, an expert in earthquake simulation, for help modeling the problem. Using supercomputer technology, Olsen has previously simulated the potential effects of a supermassive magnitude 8.0 quake in Southern California.
Using the same technology, Molnar and Olsen coded an algorithm to take into account the stiff-soil geography of the Georgia Basin to see how it would influence the surface effects of a magnitude 6.8 earthquake. They then ran the simulation for both a shallow and a deep quake.
In both simulations they found that the basin had an amplifying effect on motion on the surface, but the amplification was especially pronounced in shallow earthquakes. In the latter scenario, their model predicts that the sedimentary basin would cause the surface to shake for approximately 22 seconds longer than normal.
"The deep structure of the Georgia Basin can amplify the ground motion of an earthquake by a factor of three or more," Olsen said. "It's an irregularly shaped bathtub of sediments that can trap and amplify the waves."
The deep and shallow studies were published today in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.
Current building codes in Vancouver don't take into account this amplification, Olsen added, meaning many buildings in the region would be in danger if a large earthquake were to hit.
Vancouver isn't the only large metropolis built atop sedimentary basins. Los Angeles and San Francisco, too, sit on basins similar to the Georgia Basin. Olsen is currently investigating how major earthquakes along the San Andreas Fault would be affected by these basins.
He hopes that city planners can use this knowledge to update their building codes to reflect the amplifying geography beneath their feet.
"That's always going to be the goal, to make structures safer and to mitigate the damage in the future," Olsen said.
Related Links
San Diego State
Bringing Order To A World Of Disasters
When the Earth Quakes
A world of storm and tempest
|The content herein, unless otherwise known to be public domain, are Copyright 1995-2014 - Space Media Network. AFP, UPI and IANS news wire stories are copyright Agence France-Presse, United Press International and Indo-Asia News Service. ESA Portal Reports are copyright European Space Agency. All NASA sourced material is public domain. Additional copyrights may apply in whole or part to other bona fide parties. Advertising does not imply endorsement,agreement or approval of any opinions, statements or information provided by Space Media Network on any Web page published or hosted by Space Media Network. Privacy Statement


text:
Site created 12/15/97.
review added: 9/28/00
Pet Sematary
1989 (2000) - Paramount
review by Todd Doogan of
The Digital Bits
Film Rating: B
Disc Ratings (Video/Audio/Extras): B+/B-/F
Specs and Features
102 mins, R, letterboxed widescreen (1.85:1), 16x9 enhanced, single-sided, single-layered, Amaray keep case packaging, film-themed menu screens, scene access (19 chapters), languages: English (DD 5.1 & 2.0) and French (DD 2.0), subtitles: English, Closed Captioned
"It says: "Pet Sematary", honey. It's misspelled, but that's what it says."
"I don't wanna be buried in a pet cemetery. I don't wanna live my life again." Ah... The Ramones. Anybody remember that song? When I told Bill I was reviewing this film for the site, I started singing it - you know, just to punctuate it. He apparently totally forgot about that song. Silly rabbit - The Ramones aren't just for kids. Anyway, I like this flick. I always have. In fact, there's a little contest in
Total Film
where they ask you for a film to fit into the Top 20 Scariest Films of all time, and I think someone should enter this film. It has some real moments in it that send chills down my spine every single time I see it. The sister in the back bedroom just bothers the hell out of me. Do check this one out for the Halloween viewing season.
Stephen King has gone on record claiming that this is about the only thing he's written that scares him. When he came up with the idea, he shelved it... because he was afraid of it. That is until his publisher coaxed him into releasing it after his statement about how much this idea scared him went public. Indeed, the book is very frightening. On all sorts of complicated levels. You have realistic and heart-wrenching death, zombies who don't quite lumber, a demon cat and Fred Gwynne trying out his Maine accent. Ahhhhhhhhhh! The film is a slightly condensed version of the book, but since it was King himself doing the condensing,
Pet Sematary
was actually the first really good adaptation of one of his books to film. Now with
The Green Mile
Stand By Me
Shawshank Redemption
, it's hard to say that it's the best adaptation. But trust me... it really is the scariest.
Louis Creed is a doctor that's moved his family from Chicago to Maine to work at the local college. His house sits across the street from old-timer Jud, who warns him to fix his cat because the street that divides their yards is streaming with tractor trailers that speed by at a constant rate. Once Jud shows Louis and his family an old pet cemetery full of animals killed by the same road at the end of a path on Louis's property, Louis heeds his advice. But poor, poor Louis can't keep the inevitable down and Church (his cat) is hit by a truck and killed. Poor kitty. Louis's two kids, Gage (the little boy) and Ellie (his girl), will be heart broken... that is, until Jud tells Louis about the other pet cemetery - the one hidden behind the brush and fallen trees. The one he was warned about in a dream. The one that brings dead things back to life. You can probably guess what happens next, so if you haven't seen the film already, try it out. It'll scare the shite out of you.
Pet Sematary
has its problems. Some of the acting is a bit internalized (too much so for a frickin' horror film), some of the effects (of the blue screen variety) are cheesy and while I like the concept of the ending (which is the same in the book), I think it should have ended before the extension of the ending. If you've seen the film, I think you know what I'm getting at. If you haven't, once you do I think you'll agree. But for the most part, all of the make-up effects are pretty cool and ultra-realistic and the story and pace are pitch perfect. It's a great way to kill an hour and a half.
The DVD boasts an anamorphic transfer that preserves the film quite well. The transfer seems to be a little dark and the print itself shows signs of age, like scratches and dust. But it still looks pretty good. There aren't any moiré or edge enhancement problems and you should see not a lick of compression artifacting. It's a very pleasing picture. The sound is presented in dual Dolby Digital tracks (2.0 and 5.1), but both sound a bit hollow. The 5.1 track is very active in the rear channels and quite playful at times. But the dialogue is a bit on the stiff side. I'd call it a nice try. The 2.0 is fine and shows some of the same problems the 5.1 track, which tells me it's a source issue and not a mixing problem.
Extras are not to be found at all, which is a shame. I'd have to think there would be something around - even
articles would have helped round this disc out a bit more. Oh, well. For a movie only disc it's a good presentation.
For what it is,
Pet Sematary
is a nice disc. A good worthwhile haunting film in anamorphic widescreen, with okay sound and no extras. If you're not expecting much, I think you'll be pleasantly surprised. If you wanted a two-disc set... well, get ready to get mad. I can live with this, 'cause I like the film. It's eleven years later and I'm still scared by half of it. That says something. Whether it says more about the film or me, I don't care to answer.
Todd Doogan
[email protected]
Site designed for 800 x 600 resolution, using 16M colors and .gif 89a animation.
© 1997-2015 The Digital Bits, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
[email protected]


text:
Tonight's game between the New York Jets and New England Patriots is set to be an intriguing matchup to say the least. After both teams won on last second field goals in Week 1, the teams enter Thursday night looking to take an early stranglehold of the AFC East. The Jets stifled a dangerous Tampa Bay Buccaneer offense, while rookie quarterback Geno Smith had a solid offensive day against an improved Buccaneers defense. Meanwhile, the New England Patriots saw Tom Brady concoct another fourth quarter comeback and save the Patriots after a less than stellar season debut against the Buffalo Bills.
With the injuries to WR Danny Amendola, RB Shane Vereen and TE Zach Sudfeld the Patriots are definitely short handed coming into the game against the New York Jets. Meanwhile, the Jets are also missing WR Jeremy Kerley and DL Quinton Coples.
So as both teams get ready for tonight's game, Patriots101.com will look at the keys to tonight's game.
1. Geno Smith vs. New England's D
Geno Smith had an effective day against a Tampa Bay defense that was thought to be much improved from last season. Despite his preseason struggle, Smith was 24-of-38 for 256 yards with one touchdown and one interception. Obviously, this week he will be facing a Patriots defense that is fresh off playing Buffalo Bills rookie quarterback EJ Manuel. Manuel was solid against the Patriots as he completed 18-of-27 passes for 150 yards and two touchdowns.
So the key will be whether Smith, another rookie can solve New England defense. As ESPNBoston.com shows, that is a tough task. Since Bill Belichick took over as the head coach of the Patriots rookie quarterbacks are a combined 4-10. To get the full statistics, look at this graphic below:
Rookie Starting QBs vs. Patriots
In Bill Belichick Era (Since 2000)
|Comp pct
|52.1 (76/146)
|Pass YPG
|248.3 (993/4)
So the key will be how Smith plays, Does he become the first rookie quarterback to beat the Patriots in Foxborough or does he become the fifth victim?
2. Patriots WRs vs Jets CBs
The Patriots wide receivers are a young and unproven, especially, with the injury to Danny Amendola. With Amendola out, and RB Shane Vereen lost to wrist surgery as well, the Patriots wide receivers will be tested tonight against Antonio Cromartie and the Jets cornerbacks. Tom Brady and the wideouts didn't do particularly well last week against a Bills secondary that didn't have FS Jairus Byrd and CB Stephon Gilmore, so it will be interesting to see how they fare against the Jets.
3. Turnover battle
While the Patriots defense caused two turnovers, the offense had three turnovers in the Week 1 victory over the Bills. Meanwhile, the Jets had two turnovers but caused two turnovers as well. For the Patriots, it was a surprise to see the team be so careless with the ball considering they have always been one of the league leaders in turnover differential.
No matter the football game, the turnover battle is always key to any team's success. But with the Patriots missing key players, Steven Ridley's fumble problems and a rookie quarterback playing for the Jets, the turnovers will decide who wins tonight's game.
Your man cave is your home field advantage for every game. When the game is on the line, you should be able to look around and be reminded of the great moments you've watched unfold in that very room! MJR Sports Integrity offers a wide range or team and player-specific memorabilia that can do just that and take your game day room to the next level. Find your inspiration at MJR Sports Integrity and will your team to victory!Tags: Bill Belichick, Danny Amendola, Football, Geno Smith, New England, New England Patriots, NFL, Shane Vereen


text:
Welcome to the online home of Russell Outdoors, Inc.. Call T. Logan at 601-259-4789 for more info.
Land Sales By Agent
Cottonwood Bar. Issaquena County, MS. Access from public boat launch north of Tallulah, LA. 1262+/- acres. Asking $1000 per acre.
Valewood Plantation Equity Share. Great deer and duck hunting and fishing. Luxurious accommodations. North of Mayersville, MS. Asking $300,000.
Anevay. 250 acres north of Edwards, MS. 11 acre stocked lake. Beautiful hardwoods with trophy bucks and turkeys. Nice double wide trailer and big shop. Asking $900,000.
Ward Lake Equity Share. One of the best managed deer herds in the Southeast plus ducks, turkeys and great fishing. West of Clarksdale, MS. Asking $300,000.
Veazey Farms. Beautiful working cattle ranch near Goodman with creek, hardwoods and CRP pines for hunting. Single wide trailer. Only minutes from I-55 and Highway 51. 256+/- acres. Asking $2250 per acre for land. Cattle and equipment can also be bought.
Lee Davis Road near Utica, MS. Excellent for home in the country with horses and hunting. 10+/- acres for $30,000. 30+/- acres for $75,000.
Random Shots
Cycling with Brother Mitch on Blue Ridge Parkway near Asheville, NC.
Brothers Chris and Matt cycling in Colorado.
Jackson Metro Cyclists Shiloh Park Ride 2016.
Special Needs Super Hunt 2010. How did I miss that buck? RIP Jordan D'Avy.
Special Needs Super Hunt 2011. Congrats Matthew!
Special Needs Super Hunt 2013. Congrats Christian!
Hunters for the Hungry Deer Meat Donation- Batesville, MS.
Hunters for the Hungry Deer Meat Donation- Yazoo City, MS
Hunters for the Hungry Deer Meat Donation with Governor Ronnie Musgrove - Jackson, MS
With Dizzy Dean & my buddies in 1970. Go Cards!
My son with Tony LaRussa in 2012, Go Cards!
With MRYC Cardinals in 2014. Go Cards!
Copyright 1994-2016, Russell Outdoors, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This website and all contents contained herein are the copyrighted works of Russell Outdoors, Inc..


text:
Camargo Documents:
An Inventory of Camargo Documents at the Texas State Archives, 1798-1941, bulk 1806-1810, 1830-1835
Camargo, Mexico, on the Rio Grande, was founded in March 1749 by José de Escandon, who had been appointed by the King of Spain to colonize the province of Nueva Santander, now the state of Tamaulipas. After Mexico gained independence in 1821, a number of land laws were enacted by the federal congress to support the colonization of the area, including a general colonization law passed on August 18, 1824. The state of Tamaulipas controlled its vacant lands and after adoption of a state constitution in 1825, colonization of the vacant lands on the Rio Grande was encouraged in order to strengthen frontier towns.
Under Decree 24 of October 13, 1833, constitutional governor Francisco Vital Fernández offered inhabitants of Camargo, Reynosa, Mier, Guerrero, and Laredo who had livestock but no land as much as five sitios each for a payment of ten pesos for each sitio. [Sitio: a Spanish unit of measurement equal to 25 million square varas (4,428.4 acres). Americans came to use the term "league" as synonymous with a sitio.] The settler had to have lived in the village during the last Indian war and have emigrated since 1821.
According to Florence Johnson Scott's Historical Heritage of the Lower Rio Grande, the title to land consisted of proceedings recorded in the alcalde's (mayor's) office, with a duplicate ( expediente) given to the applicant. The expediente was forwarded by the grantee to the Governor along with the payment for the land with the title being granted under the seal of state. The alcalde was then authorized to put the individual in possession of the land.
Scope and Contents of the Records
Materials are copies of records from the municipal archives in Camargo, Mexico and from Hidalgo County, Texas deed records, dating 1798-1941. The bulk of these documents date from 1806 to 1810 and 1830 to 1835 and are concerned with land titles and transactions on both sides of the Rio Grande. Also of note is an 1807 muster roll and an 1828 census of Camargo. Physical descriptions, including number of pages, are for the originals which were returned to Mexico, not these photocopies.
Restrictions on Access
Restrictions on Use
Technical Requirements
Related Material
Administrative Information
Preferred Citation
(Identify the item and cite the series), Camargo documents. Archives and Information Services Division, Texas State Library and Archives Commission.
Accession Information
Accession number: 1980/183
These documents were transferred to the Texas State Archives by the Texas Attorney General on April 20, 1978. The originals were presented to Governor Cardenas Gonzalez of Tamaulipas on March 26, 1980 to be returned to the municipal archives of Camargo. Photocopies are on file in the Archives and the General Land Office. For further details on the provenance of these documents, see the accession file.
Processing Information
José Juárez, May 1978 [English summaries of Spanish-language documents]
Tonia J. Wood, April 2002
Other Formats for the Records
The originals were given to the Governor of Tamaulipas to be returned to the municipal archives in Camargo, Mexico.
Detailed Description of the Records


text:
- 1 of 11 Photos | View More Photos
ATHENS -- In a season filled with many memorable moments, there are about 90 seconds the John Glenn Muskies would certainly like to forget.
First, it was 60 seconds late in the third quarter after John Glenn had scratched and clawed its way into a tie only to have defending state champion Columbus Bishop Watterson put together a seven-point spurt for the first real separation in the game.
Then came a 30-second span a couple of minutes into the fourth quarter where Watterson hit three-pointers on consecutive possessions to push the lead to double-digits and pretty much take the heart out of the Muskies.
Those two bursts which netted a 13-0 advantage for Watterson proved decisive as the Eagles soared to a 60-46 conquest of the Muskies to capture the Division II Regional Championship at the Ohio University Convocation Center on Saturday afternoon.
John Glenn started off strong, moving to a 7-4 lead over the first four minutes on a 15-footer by sophomore Drew Rackley; a "three" by senior Clay Sturtz and a lay-in by senior Matt Shirer on a nifty pick-and-roll with Rackley.
Watterson countered with a 7-0 run over the next two minutes ignited by back-to-back drives to the hoop from senior Andy Greiser put the Eagles on top, 11-7.
A three-point play by Rackley and one-of-two at the free throw line by senior Blake Atkins got the "Fish" even, but a three-pointer by senior Cody Calhoun gave Watterson a 14-11 advantage at the initial break.
Four points by Watterson senior Matt Lehmann -- a thorn in the Muskies' side throughout -- and three by John Glenn senior Matt Shirer had the Eagles in front 18-14 mid way through the second period.
A rebound bucket by Rackley and two charity tosses by senior Parker Evans pulled JG even, but again Watterson managed to regain the lead with goals by senior Ryan Lewis and Lehmann sandwiched around a jumper by Muskie sophomore Tanner Slack for a 22-20 reading at the half.
A "trey" by Evans; a "bunny" by Shirer and a three-point play on a rebound hoop by the hard-working Rackley enabled John Glenn to even the score at 28-all with 2:30 remaining in the third quarter.
That's where the first Watterson flurry occurred, with Lehmann knocking down two free throws; Calhoun scoring off a JG turnover and Lehmann drilling a "three" for a one-minute, 7-0 run which put the Eagles on top, 35-28, heading to the fourth frame.
A free throw by Atkins; a baseline drive by Rackley and a Rackley free throw, countered by yet another hoop from Lehmann, had John Glenn down, but not out at 37-32 with six minutes to go.
The next two trips by the Eagles proved fatal, however, as Calhoun and Lehmann nailed back-to-back "treys" to push the lead out to 43-32 and the Muskies couldn't recover.
Despite a 12-point fourth quarter by Rackley, Watterson cashed dropped 9-of-10 free throws in the final eight minutes and it never got closer than nine points the rest of the way.
"You've got to give Watterson a lot of credit," John Glenn's Woodard said. "They have a nice team and they got hot in a key stretch, and that's what good teams do. I think their experience with so many seniors who've been there before kinda got us a little bit and their size really hurt.
"That's the game you never want to have right there," lamented the Muskies' coach of the season-ending defeat. "We said after Thursday's game our only guarantee was we were going to come out and fight and I thought our kids did that."
While John Glenn contained Watterson's 6-5 senior Matt Hughes -- who scored 28 points in the Eagles' semifinal win over Circleville Logan Elm -- with just four points, it was Lehmann who came up big with a 24-point, 12-rebound, 4-steal outing.
"I thought we did a great job on him (Hughes)," said Woodard, "but 23 (Lehmann) kicked our butt on the boards."
Also in double figures for the Eagles were senior Joey DiOrio with 12 and Calhoun with 10 while Greiser finished with eight.
For John Glenn, Rackley tallied team-highs of 22 points, six rebounds and three steals. Shirer chipped in seven points and Atkins added four rebounds.
Watterson connected on 20-of-44 field goal attempts (45.5 percent) and 16-of-18 free throws (88.9 percent) compared to John Glenn's 14-of-40 effort from the floor (35 percent) and 15-of-20 at the line (75 percent).
The Eagles led off the glass, 31-21, and each side was charted with a dozen turnovers.
In a couple of key statistical categories, Watterson had a 15-5 edge in points off turnovers and 26-14 on points in the "paint".
While Watterson returns to the OHSAA State Tournament with a 25-2 record, a terrific campaign ends for John Glenn at 22-4.
Along the way, the Muskies equaled the school record for victories set three seasons ago when they made their last regional finals appearance; captured the Muskingum Valley League crown and the D-II Sectional and District championships.
The Muskies will bid adieu to four senior starters --Evans, Atkins, Sturtz and Shirer --and they will be sorely missed.
"Our seniors carried the torch on their watch," Woodard offered, "and now it's up to the underclassmen to take over and continue the tradition.
"I'd like to think through hard work and dedication they're making a name for themselves," he said of the program as a whole.
Watterson will face Akron St. Vincent-St. Mary (19-9) in one D-II state semifinal on Thursday while Norwalk (27-1) plays Dayton Thurgood Marshall in the other.
St. V-St. M upended Poland Seminary, 54-42; Norwalk edged Lima Bath, 54-53; and Thurgood Marshall topped Cincinnati Taft, 62-49, in Saturday's other regional championship games.


text:
GRID to Provide Solar Photovoltaic Projects for LACCD
LOS ANGELES, CA – GRID Partners, a solar development firm located in Los Angeles, CA was recently selected by the Los Angeles Community College District (LACCD) as one of five solar firms to qualify in a recent Request for Qualifications (RFQ) by LACCD.
GRID was selected to the Shortlist of Applicants in a District Wide Pre-Qualification request and will be eligible to compete for solar photovoltaic projects once they have been identified by LACCD. Several firms responded to the RFQ and were scored on factors ranging from project experience to key personnel and the overall ability to manage solar construction projects.
"Our firm is very excited about being selected as a solar partner by the Los Angeles Community College District," said Dan Weinstein, GRID Managing Partner. Weinstein added that "all of the partners at GRID look forward to working with the district in identifying renewable projects that will increase energy efficiency, reduce consumption and improve amenities at each campus."
GRID Partners is a fully integrated developer providing one-stop solar solutions to public agencies and private commercial property owners. GRID has assembled one of the most experienced team of professionals in the industry, including general contractor Morrow Meadows Corp. and international renowned architectural firm Gensler. GRID offers clients various and unique project financing solutions, having raised, deployed and structured over $10 Billion worth of transactions over the past decade.
LACCD is the largest community college district in the United States, serving more than 250,000 students annually at nine colleges, spread throughout 36 cities in the greater Los Angeles area.


text:
Czech, German Leaders Daydream About Northern Euro
The summer meeting of Czech Prime Minister Petr Necas (read neh-chaas) and German Chancellor Angela Merkel took a special twist, as reported by Dow Jones Newswires on Sunday, when the two leaders began talking about ways to save the euro from its sovereign-debt malaise.
During the informal private part of their meeting, held in August, Ms. Merkel asked Mr. Necas to join the euro zone despite the ex-communist country's desire to steer clear from the debt-infested currency union, a person familiar with the meeting told Dow Jones Newswires.
Fiscally sound Czechs would help Germany increase the weight of prudent euro-zone members in contrast to profligates like Greece, Portugal, Spain and Italy, Ms. Merkel told the Czech leader, according to the person familiar with the discussion.
"Such a request was raised at the meeting and the reply by Prime Minister Necas was that if a northern European euro area existed, the Czechs would join the next day," the person said.
According to the person, the two leaders hit it off very well during their first meeting, partly because they both hold degrees in physics and share memories of growing up during the Cold War on the Soviet-controlled side of the Iron Curtain.


text:
Insider Tips: Backup with Rsync and SSH
It is often inefficient to fire up a tape drive whenever you need to back up files or restore a backup. The Rsync tool pushes critical files to a second computer, where you can access them easily.
A full backup on separate media is a vital part of any backup strategy, however, the task of restoring backups from tapes, CDs, or DVDs is often too time-consuming. It sometimes makes sense to also perform online backups. There are a few ready-to-run solutions for online backup, such as Rsnapshot [2]. This month's Admin Workshop will discuss a scripted approach that uses Rsync and SSH. Cooperation The practical Rsync tool, combined with SSH, takes care of transporting your backup data across the network. These tools solve two problems for admins. First, they save bandwidth, as Rsync will compress your data if asked to do so. Second, SSH ensures that sniffers on the network will be unable to grab your backups off the wire. An additional advantage of Rsync is that it transfers only the changes across the network and merges them with the last full backup on the target machine, thus providing the simplicity of a full backup with the efficiency of an incremental backup.
Buy this article as PDF
(incl. VAT)
Buy Linux Magazine
Visit Our Shop
Direct Download
Read full article as PDF:Admin_Workshop_Backups_with_Rsync.pdf (293.55 kB)
Kolab Now Integrates Collabora Online
Kolab Now subscribers now have access to Collabora Online.
Endless OS, a Distribution Without Internet
A new version of Endless OS has been released.
GitHub Announces Open Source Friday Program
They encourage people to take time out and work on open source projects on Friday.
System76 Announces Their Own Distro, Pop!_OS
Pop!_OS is based on Ubuntu and uses the Gnome stack.
Linus Torvalds Talks About His Motivation
He never tires of working on the Linux kernel.
Debian 9 Stretches Its Wings
The new release of Debian has a very strong focus on security.
Trojan Turns Raspberry Pi into a Cryptocurrency Mining Device
Two trojans in the wild are targeting Linux machines.
Fedora 26 Beta Comes with New Features
The workstation comes with the latest Gnome desktop environment and support for many application build systems.
Raspberry Pi Foundation Merges with CoderDojo Foundation
The two foundations join forces to expand their efforts to reach young people.
Samba Security Hole Patched but Risk is Bigger
Millions of devices that use Samba Server are vulnerable to attacks.


text:
Desktop video has come a long way. Today's SaaS-based products are faster, easier-to-use and less expensive than their predecessors. We tested Adobe Connect, Cisco WebEx, Citrix GoTo Meeting, InterCall United Meeting, LogMeIn's JoinMe Pro, Microsoft Lync 2013 (beta), Skype Premium and Vyew.com Professional. Read on to see thumbnail reviews of each product.
[Can Skype really take the place of a face-to-face meeting? and How social networking builds enterprise collaboration]


text:
Bangkok (AFP) Nov 3, 2010
Thai troops scrambled Wednesday to reach thousands of people stranded after flash floods swept through a major southern city, as the government expressed optimism it could reach all those trapped.
"The flood water is beginning to recede and relief supplies have arrived so officials will be able to distribute them in various flood-hit areas," Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva AFP.
"It's likely that today, because the waters are receding, we can reach all the stranded people," said Abhisit, who paid a brief visit to the area on Tuesday.
Rising waters began to inundate Hat Yai, a city of more than 150,000 in Songkhla province, late Monday after days of heavy downpours, affecting tens of thousands of people, possibly including foreign tourists.
The area is particularly popular with people from Malaysia and Singapore.
"Many thousands of troops including from the army, navy and air forces have been dispatched with 10,000 ready meals," said Defence Minister General Prawit Wongsuwon.
Heavy flooding has already killed at least 107 people around the country since October 10 in what Abhisit has described as "a huge natural calamity".
The authorities estimate that about six million people across Thailand have been affected by the disaster over the past three weeks, with homes submerged and farmland or cattle destroyed.
Flights to and from the popular tourist island of Samui were disrupted again Wednesday because of bad weather conditions, the airport operator said.
The government has sent two naval ships to the southern region to provide medical and logistical support for the relief operation.
The water has receded in Hat Yai's suburbs but in the city centre it is still more than two metres deep, said Defence Ministry spokesman Colonel Thanatip Sawangsaeng.
He said between 5,000 and 6,000 more troops would join the rescue operation Wednesday, in addition to the 3,000 already in place.
The floods have affected dozens of provinces around the country, although the waters have receded in some areas.
Bangkok has been on standby but has so far avoided major flooding.
Share This Article With Planet Earth
Related Links
Bringing Order To A World Of Disasters
When the Earth Quakes
A world of storm and tempest
Flash floods strand thousands in major Thai city
Bangkok (AFP) Nov 2, 2010
Thailand battled Tuesday to rescue thousands of people stranded in their homes after flash floods - several metres deep in places - swept through a southern city, cutting power and communications. Heavy flooding has already killed more than 100 people around the country since October 10 in what Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva described as "a huge natural calamity". Rising waters began ... read more
UN raises winter funds alarm in flood-hit Pakistan
81,000 homeless need aid after Myanmar cyclone: UN
Are public service announcements effective
Pakistan flood victims need aid for two years: aid groups
Yahoo! and Samsung expand Internet TV territory
Facebook steps into middle of smartphone lifestyles
Oracle buying Art Technology for one billion dollars
Major Surgery Complete For Deep Space Network Antenna
Australia military head warns of Pacific climate instability
Scientists Urge Faster Installation Of Global Ocean Monitor System
Groundwater Threat To Rivers Worse Than Suspected
Archaeological Sites Threatened By Rising Seas
Increased Arctic Shipping Could Accelerate Climate Change
Is The Ice At The South Pole Melting
End Of Ice Age Holds Clues About Carbon Dioxide Patterns
India makes first expedition to South Pole
Indigenous Colombians shun turtle meat to save dying species
How Lead Gets Into Urban Vegetable Gardens
Paradise Lost And Found At Ramat
Large-Scale Fish Farm Production Offsets Environmental Gains
Eight dead in latest Vietnam floods: government
Thailand scrambles to reach flood victims
Indonesian volcano explodes in new eruption
US naval ship heads to Haiti as tropical storm approaches
Zambia court bails Chinese pair after mine shooting
Tanzanians vote as ruling party predicts landslide win
Nani Croze - East Africa's answer to Gaudi
Arms shipment found in Nigeria loaded in Iran: firm
Light fantastic: Retinal implant brightens future for blind
Clinton urges PNG to end 'culture of violence' against women
Controlling Individual Cortical Nerve Cells By Human Thought
American teen crowned Miss World 2010
|The content herein, unless otherwise known to be public domain, are Copyright 1995-2010 - SpaceDaily. AFP and UPI Wire Stories are copyright Agence France-Presse and United Press International. ESA Portal Reports are copyright European Space Agency. All NASA sourced material is public domain. Additional copyrights may apply in whole or part to other bona fide parties. Advertising does not imply endorsement,agreement or approval of any opinions, statements or information provided by SpaceDaily on any Web page published or hosted by SpaceDaily. Privacy Statement


text:
I know you hear a lot of stuff about leveraging the internet to start an online business that gives you time & financial freedom.
Many marketers lead you to believe that all you have to do is bang up a sales page and your perfect customers and clients will rush over in droves forever …. (while you sleep or lie on the beach)
Sadly I couldn't retire after my first product although I did get some sales which was enough to get me hooked.
Has it been the case for you? Unless you have what I call laser 'niche knowing' and combine that with knowing exactly how to use the new rules & tools of the internet I'd hazard a guess that it's probably not your reality.
What I've discovered on my niche journey is that there are 3 essential elements to creating an online or 'any location' business model to build a strong foundation for your online business.
They sound simple enough and I'll share them with you in a moment but the big problem is that most of us (yes I am guilty of this sometimes too) rush to get stuff done rather than plan what we really need to do before we do it.
Have a think about this for a moment.
Do you rush through your day ticking urgent things off your to-do list?
If you don't then you're amongst the elite of small business owners and I congratulate you.
You see even if you've taken my advice and set up a marketing game plan and content creation calendar, the chances are that you just about manage to get the basics done.
If you outsource to a VA (virtual assistant) or have someone else to help you get the basics in place such as creating or updating your website and posting your content etc. you have more time to focus
on planning before doing.
This is the big stuff. Creators love to create but we often do it in a very haphazard way which might be ok if you don't mind being a starving author, a coach who works purely for the love of it or a consultant
who only eats every other month …
But if you've realized that you can only help more people by helping yourself first (also known as paying your bills with ease) and doing the stuff you're great at then you know it's time to go pro.
Here's a short video presentation which shares the 3 essential elements of what I call the 'Any location business model.'
Here are the elements you need to understand in more detail to be profitable from anywhere:
- Planning Your desired lifestyle & goals to match your business model
- How to turn your expertise into real money leveraging the internet
- How to use automated systems and time saving tools
Unless you're very 'lucky' I recommend taking the planning for profits approach rather than the winging it on a prayer one!
Prayers can help … law of attraction helps too if you know how to operate it but remember there is an extremely important word contained within and that is 'action.'
Add to that 'organized' and you get 'organized action.'
It makes perfect sense really when you stop to think about it.
How can you be successful with an online business if you haven't taken the time to plan out your marketing platform, business model, products &/or services and how you'll drive traffic to your site to
make sales?
The truth is when you build it some may come but if you want a solid business that gives you time and financial freedom you need to first carve out some time to plan what you want to create.
Watch here to learn how to apply the 3 Essential Elements of the Any Location Business Model and for this week's challenge start scheduling some time to plan your business model if you're starting out online or to develop it if you already have some pieces in place.
If you found this helpful please share on your fave social media and if you'd like to share your thoughts on this please do so in the comments below.


text:
Just like their big four rivals, Australia's regional banks tend to be lumped into one. But that notion is looking increasingly dated.
After the latest round of credit rating changes by Standard & Poor's, it seems
A week after it lowered the ratings of ANZ Banking Group, Commonwealth Bank, National Australia Bank and Westpac Banking Corp, S&P yesterday upgraded Bendigo from BBB+ to A-.
At the same time, it downgraded
Bendigo stands alone as the only Australian bank to get an uplift from S&P and is now rated two notches higher than BoQ, its most easily comparable rival. Suncorp is still rated higher than Bendigo at A+, but this is only because of the substantial support afforded by its insurance arm.
S&P, which is in the midst of a review of all the world's banks, rewarded Bendigo for its "strong capital and earnings", and a "stable management team, which has demonstrated a good track record of implementing its business strategy".
Although it is still a long way from the big four banks (which are ranked three notches higher at AA- by S&P), the ratings boost is no doubt a major fillip for Bendigo and will make it easier for it to raise money from investors.
Bendigo relies on customer deposits for 75 per cent of the money it needs to lend to customers.
The new A- rating means it will be able to more readily tap domestic and international bond markets for funds, and likely at a cheaper price too.
"Right now, it doesn't mean a lot," Bendigo chief executive Mike Hirst said. "With the world being in the turmoil that it is, funding markets are very difficult for anybody. But what it does is open up access to other markets going forward should we need them. Right now, we don't."
The Australian Financial Review


text:
Between my college course on the performativity of witchcraft, my thorough reading of the Malleus Maleficarum (in Olde English), my Bigfoot conspiracist boyfriend, my alien obsessed middle school teacher and my background in Jungian psychology, I have some thoughts on Ke$ha's recent claim that she had sex with a ghost. Last week, while promoting her new single "Supernatural," she told Ryan Seacrest on his radio show that she "had a couple of experiences with the supernatural. I don't know his name! He was a ghost! I'm very open to it," she revealed.
These alleged "experiences" happened while Ke$ha was on a "spirit journey" by herself. Meaning, she traveled around the world, lived on a boat and did stuff like rehabilitate baby lions and swim with sharks. I've never had the time, nor the funding, to go on a spirit journey, but trust, I would if I could. My version of a "spirit journey" was participating in a Native American sweat ritual and having a pendulum reading by a psychic. Same difference, right? While I've never had ghost sex of any kind, I have had some bizarre supernatural experiences myself. So, I'm going to give Ke$ha the benefit of the doubt here, but still temper it with some skepticism. Here are my theories about her claim that she had supernatural sex.


text:
Homeless Man "Wins" Lottery!
I'm sure you've seen at least one video by a YouTube prankster/magician named MagicOfRahat. In this video, he decides to "prank" a homeless man in the BEST POSSIBLE WAY! Click PLAY, and grab the tissues!
BTW- Our friends at BuzzFeed talked to Rahat who said in addition to the cash from the lottery ticket, he gave the homeless guy 2 weeks in a hotel, a bike, clothes, and a warm meal. MAD PROPS TO RAHAT!


text:
PM: Israel-Turkey ties will not normalise unless Gaza assault stops
Published today 02:03
ANKARA (AFP) -- Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said Thursday
ties with Israel would not return to normal unless it ceased its deadly
offensive on the Gaza Strip.
"You will first stop this oppression. If not, it is not possible to realise normalization
between Turkey and Israel," Erdogan said in the central Anatolian city of Yozgat after a
dinner breaking the daily Ramadan fast.
Relations between once-regional allies Israel and Turkey hit an all-time low when 10
Turkish activists died in a 2010 maritime assault by Israeli commandos on Gaza-bound
ship Mavi Marmara in international waters.
The Israeli assault provoked a sharp response from Ankara, which expelled the
Israeli ambassador, demanded a formal apology, compensation for the victims, and an
end to the blockade on Gaza -- which is ruled by Hamas, a Palestinian militant group.
Israel and Turkey have been locked in talks for more than a year over compensation,
after Israel extended a formal apology to Ankara in a breakthrough brokered by US
President Barack Obama.
Erdogan, a staunch supporter of the Palestinian cause, said Thursday that Turkey's
first two conditions -- apology and compensation -- appeared to have been fulfilled.
But he said deadly raids on Gaza showed that Israel had no intention of complying
with Ankara's third condition: to end the blockade on the Palestinian enclave.
"Then how can we normalize (ties) with you?" said the premier, who is the clear
favorite for an August presidential election.
Erdogan also lashed out at Israel's "disproportionate use of force against innocent"
Palestinians, calling on the world and the United Nations to stop the assault.
He spoke on the phone with President Mahmoud Abbas and Hamas chief Khalid
Mashaal about the Israeli action in Gaza, as well as on intra-Palestinian unity,
an official from his office told AFP.
Your financial support what ever amount helps us sustain our activities as well as grow!
Read More
Read More
Friday, July 11
Israel-Turkey ties will not normalise unless Gaza assault stops
Friday, July 11, 2014
Subscribe to: Post Comments ( Atom )
Popular Posts
Gordon Duff Veterans Today Bin laden never mentioned in Mcchrystal report or Obama speech "Hunt for bin laden" a national sham...
Broadcast live streaming video on Ustream Broadcast live streaming video on Ustream Broadcast live streaming video on U...
This is how much money the American Government has given Israel since 1948 and it gets higher everyday. Now is the time to speak out and d...
Human trafficking in Israel rakes in very easy more than USD billion a year.Thousands of women are being smuggled into Israel, creating a b...
Social Media
Find A Writer
Alan Hart Alison Weir Boyle Francis Chris Hedges Dr Sami Al-Arian Ed Corrigan Eileen Fleming George Galloway Gilad Atzmon Greg Felton Howard Zinn Ilan Pappe John Pilger John Stewart Jonathan Cook Julie Webb-Pullman Khalid Amayreh Lawrence Davidson Mazin Qumsiyeh Melcolm X Michael Hall Mohammed Omer Noam Chomsky Norman Finkelstein Paul Craig Roberts Raja Chemayel Richard Falk Robert Fisk Sameh A Habeeb Sonja Karkar Stephen Lendman Stuart Littlewood William Cook


text:
Discover a selection of top forums betadata adobe on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums betadata adobe and meet other fans of betadata adobe. Then, why don't you create your own forum of betadata adobe ?
A site for editors, by editors.
video, editing, sony, vegas, #adobe, after, effects, photoshop, tutorials, site, help, search, games, animes, movies, videoediting, unite, editors, different, fandoms, each, other


text:
non-m fitment
Have an 03 325ci with TMS Tracksport Coilovers.
I was looking into wheels and found a set 19x8.5 et 40 19x9.5 et 22... I know the rears are really aggressive, but with what would I have to do to make them fit? Just rolling the fenders or would I need to stretch the tires as well?
It's pretty hard to say exactly what is needed in order to make those fit... Some tires run wide, some run narrow, some run tall, some run short, etc.
Your ride height, alignment specs, tire brand/model, tire size, and fender work all play a part. A good amount of fender work will be needed, it just depends on all the other factors coming together.
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 09:29 AM.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.7
Copyright ©2000 - 2017, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
(c) 1999 - VerticalScope Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
In the second paragraph of the analysis it states that Dorcas was raised by Malvonne, but actually she was raised by Alice Manfred. Alice still isn't her biological mother so it's still congruous with the point that all the main characters were raised by people other than their parents, but I thought it was worth pointing out.
1 out of 1 people found this helpful
Take a Study Break!


text:
Home > Career Center
Candidates must have a veterinary degree, have completed an approved radiology residency training program and must have achieved certification in the American College of Veterinary Radiology or European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging. Board eligible candidates may be considered, but certification and experience in managing heavy clinical caseload is preferred. Successful applicants will be expected to manage the clinical caseload of the Small Animal Hospital over the various modalities of radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography and MRI. Supervision of current radiology residents, both on clinics and on-call (night and weekend) will also be expected. Applications will be reviewed until an appropriate candidate is identified. Start date is negotiable but as soon as possible. Applicants should apply electronically via the Penn HR website (http://www.hr.upenn.edu/). Click on faculty jobs @ Penn, search open positions, School of Veterinary Medicine, apply for this job, #1326. The system will prompt you to attach a letter of intent including a statement of personal goals, curriculum vitae, and the names, addresses, phone, and contact information for three references to: Wilfried Mai, Dr Méd Vét, Diplomate ACVR, Diplomate ECVDI, Associate Professor of Radiology (firstname.lastname@example.com).
NOVA is part of the Virginia Community College System
Northern Virginia Community College © 2011


text:
October 27 2016 - Products
White LEDs come on when a trailer kingpin is properly coupled to an ELI-te equipped fifth wheel, but two red LEDs begin flashing if the coupling is not made.
Tags: Fifth Wheels, SAF-Holland, Safety
February 23 2016 - Products
After the upper coupler assembly is hot-dip zinc coated to protect against corrosion, the machined kingpin is secured in it.
Tags: Trailers, SAF-Holland, Corrosion
June 3 2015 - Products
Citing a trend away from air-ride and toward mechanical trailer suspensions, SAF-Holland has introduced an integrated suspension-axle-brake product it says is the first of its kind.
Tags: Trailers, Lightweight Materials, Suspensions, SAF-Holland, Van Trailers, Trailer Suspensions
August 20 2014 - Products
Western Star Truck Sales
Western Star is now offering SAF-Holland Neway ADZ series heavy-duty drive axle air-suspensions as an option for its 4800, 4900 and 6900 truck models.
Tags: Western Star, Suspensions, SAF-Holland, Vocational
April 17 2014 - Products
SAF-Holland introduced what it says is the industry's first integrated yoke mount air suspension axle system, the CBXy Series, designed for lowboy and dropdeck trailers.
Tags: Trailers, Suspensions, Axles, SAF-Holland, Lightweighting
May 29 2013 - Products
SAF-Holland's new lightweight SAF CBX69 Tridem Slider Suspension system is now available for trailer applications. The company says the SAF CBX69 sets a new standard for lightweight tridem suspension slider axle systems.
Tags: Trailers, Brakes, Suspensions, SAF-Holland


text:
St. Louis (CNSNews.com) - NBC's Tim Russert said he didn't feel snubbed when the Commission on Presidential Debates went with four other television personalities to moderate this year's debates.
"I take it as it comes," Russert told CNSNews.com as he made his way through the debate hall at Washington University. "Who's upset besides my mother?"
One liberal media watchdog group, Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting, has publicly complained about Russert's exclusion. An anti-CBS group called BoycottCBS.com also has suggested Russert replace the moderator of the third debate, CBS' Bob Schieffer.
"Someone like Tim Russert is thought to be rather aggressive in his questioning," Peter Hart of FAIR told CNSNews.com last week. "Whether or not you think he is in fact aggressive is a matter of opinion. But the parties agree on one thing, and that is he's going to likely be tough so better to exclude him from the list."
When Russert, host of NBC's "Meet the Press," was asked if he posed a threat to either President Bush or Sen. John Kerry, he downplayed such talk and complimented the four other moderators.
"I think Jim [Lehrer] and Gwen [Ifill] were great and I'm sure Charlie [Gibson] will be great and [Bob] Schieffer will be great," Russert said. "It's a lot of fun."
All four moderators were panned by the Media Research Center, parent of CNSNews.com. The conservative media watchdog has said each moderator brings a liberal bias to the debate that benefits Kerry.
Russert said he would like to see a change in the way the debates are handled, but it has nothing to do with the moderators.
"I just wish they would have the two candidates and a single moderator and no rules," he said. "Just say we're going to talk about Iraq and just go, but that's the commission and not me."
See Earlier Story:
Media Watchdogs Unimpressed With Debate Moderators (Sept. 30, 2004)
E-mail a news tip to Robert B. Bluey.
Send a Letter to the Editor about this article.


text:
May 4, 1999
Contact: Carey Hoffman
Cincinnati --When Hamilton County voters head to the ballot box this week and weigh in with their opinions on whether to support a tax increase for emergency communications, they can take some solace in the knowledge that they are not alone.
Communications across the country are feeling the impact of the communications revolution, says Lorraine Green Mazerolle, principal investigator for a new $400,000 federal study based out of the University of Cincinnati that will look at one aspect of the problem, overburdened 911 services.
"Communications are the cornerstone of our society in this day and age," Mazerolle says. "The hard part (for local governments) is that technology has gone ahead so fast in the last 10 years and will go ahead even faster in the next 10. We, as citizens, need to get used to the idea that communication systems need to upgrade every few years."
Mazerolle and a research team of six others -- including co-principal investigators John Eck, James Frank and Dennis Rogan, and field research coordinator Christine Famega, all from UC -- are examining current 911 alternatives and evaluating their impacts in the cities of Baltimore, Dallas, Phoenix and Buffalo, N.Y., with particular attention as to how they relate to police operations.
In its 30 years of existence, the emergency 911 response system has gained status as an instantly indentifiable national standard. But with 911 systems overwhelmed in many communities by non-emergency calls, some emergency communications planners believe it's time to take the next logical step to a non- emergency number -- a call that was seconded by President Bill Clinton when he issued a directive to develop a national phone number to help alleviate 911 backups due to non-emergency calls.
Many cities are considering the pros and cons of a 311 phone number. Eight cities recently received federal funding to implement 311 systems, while Cincinnati City Council recommended moving to such a system last year.
"These programs have become very popular because 911 is so overwhelmed in so many cities," said Mazeroole, assistant professor of criminal justice and director of the Center for Criminal Justice Research at UC. "We want to provide the law enforcement community with a well-researched study to help in their deliberations to adopt non-emergency call systems."
The study will analyze and compare each of the four cities' systems and how they have affected those cities' police departments. Each city's system has unique aspects. For instance, Baltimore and Dallas are promoting the 311 number for non-emergency police service, while Buffalo and Phoenix are promoting conventional seven-digit local numbers. Baltimore and Dallas have a key difference however, in that Baltimore's system goal was to divert non-emergency calls from 911, while the Dallas goal was to route requests from all non-emergency city services through a central line better suited to providing timely customer service.
The City of Cincinnati's proposed 311 system is patterned after the Dallas model. While the faculty on the UC study are not formally studying Cincinnati's plan, they have been informally advising city administrators.
The federal government's National Institute of Justice is the
sponsoring agency for the 18-month, $400,000 study, which should
conclude sometime around June, 2000.


text:
Tweets from @TBHomeTeam/writers
MORE from our HomeTeam writers.
Tue. June 25, 2013 | Joel Anderson
Jesuit senior outfielder Ricky Caldevilla has orally committed to USF, according to Tigers coach Richie Warren.
Caldevilla is poised to follow the example of former Tigers stars and recent USF signees Vincent Miniet and Daniel Portales in 2013 and Joe Altieri and Vincent Leto in 2012.
As a junior, Caldevilla hit .400 with 33 RBIs, making him one of the county's leaders in that category. The 6-foot-3, 200-pound Caldevilla was an integral part of one of the state's best teams, helping lead the Tigers to the Class 5A semifinals.
Along with senior catcher Ryan McCullers, Caldevilla will be one of the leaders for another Tigers team that should contend for another district and region championship.
USF went 36-22 last year, ending its season in the Big East tournament.
Joel Anderson can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or on Twitter @jdhometeam.


text:
Aerospace Engineering
Aerospace engineers develop extraordinary machines, from airplanes that weigh over half a million pounds to spacecraft that travel over 17,000 miles an hour. They design, develop and test aircraft, missiles and oversee manufacturing. They are usually categorized as either aeronautical engineers, who work with aircraft, or astronautical engineers, who work with spacecraft.
Aerospace engineers specialize in areas such as structural design, propulsion, guidance, navigation and control, instrumentation and communication or product methods. They develop new technologies for use in aviation, defense systems and space exploration. Aerospace engineers may be skilled in areas such as aerodynamics, thermodynamics, celestial mechanics, propulsion, acoustics or guidance and control systems.
Career Opportunities
Related Skills
- Technical leadership
- Good written and verbal skills
- Works well unsupervised and in groups
- Aptitude for accuracy and detail
- Make sound decisions to solve quantitative problems
- Creative thinking
- Analytical and logical thinking
Hiring Institutions
- Aircraft and Spacecraft Manufacturers
- Air Transport Carriers
- Government
- Educational Institutions
- Research Institutions
- Commercial Airlines
Personal Attributes
- High degree of personal integrity
- High work ethic
- Creative thinking
- Innovative
- Ensures safety and performance
- Encourages teamwork
- Independence
- Analytical and logical thinking
- Capacity for precision, detail and order
- Thoroughness
- Achievement
Career Paths of Recent Graduates
Related Websites
Job Listings:
National Index of Engineering Jobs and Resources
Engineering Central
Just Engineers
NationJob Network
Biotech Jobs
OK Job Match
Career Planning:
Organizations and Associations:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Society of Women Engineers
National Society of Black Engineers
Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers
American Indian Science & Engineering Society
Society of Asian Scientists and Engineers
Society of Manufacturing Engineers
Society of American Military Engineers


text:
The money from the Weymouth Old Bank lay undiscovered in a trunk for years and only came to light when a garage was cleared out.
The bank, located on St Thomas Street in Weymouth, caused great financial hardship when it folded in 1897.
The notes were bought by a private collector on Thursday afternoon at Duke's Auctioneers in Dorchester.
Bank collapsed
Deborah Doyle, valuer at the auctioneers, said: "A gentleman brought them into the sale room.
"He was clearing out a relative's garage and there was a trunk in the garage and these lay in the bottom of the trunk.
"They'd been there for several years - hence why they were in such good condition."
The Weymouth Old Bank founded in Weymouth in 1792.
At its peak it had branches in Portland, Dorchester and Bournemouth, but early in 1885 and within weeks of each other, the partners running the bank - William Eliot and Edward Pearce - both died.
It soon went bankrupt and creditors queued outside the bank's doors on Wednesday 31 March, 1897, - known locally as Black Wednesday - in a fruitless search for their lost money.
Local banks issued their own notes at the time because it was difficult to get hold of Bank of England notes.
Most Popular Now | 56,514 people are reading stories on the site right now.";


text:
22 U.S. Code § 2507c - Office of Victim Advocacy
The President shall establish an Office of Victim Advocacy in Peace Corps headquarters headed by a full-time victim advocate who shall report directly to the Director. The Office of Victim Advocacy may deploy personnel abroad when necessary to help assist victims.
Peace Corps Medical Officers, Safety and Security Officers, and program staff may not serve as victim advocates. The victim advocate referred to in paragraph (1) may not have any other duties in the Peace Corps that are not reasonably connected to victim advocacy.
The victim advocate and any additional victim advocates shall be exempt from the limitations specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2) and paragraph (5) under section 2506(a) of this title.
The Office of Victim Advocacy shall help develop and update the sexual assault risk-reduction and response training described in section 2507a of this title and the sexual assault policy described in section 2507b of this title, ensure that volunteers who are victims of sexual assault receive services specified in section 2507b(c) of this title, and facilitate their access to such services.
In addition to assisting victims of sexual assault in accordance with paragraph (1), the Office of Victim Advocacy shall assist volunteers who are victims of crime by making such victims aware of the services available to them and facilitating their access to such services.
The Office of Victim Advocacy shall provide to volunteers who are victims regular updates on the status of their cases if such volunteers have opted to pursue prosecution.
The Office of Victim Advocacy shall assist volunteers who are victims of crime and whose service has terminated in receiving the services specified in section 2507b(c) of this title requested by such volunteer.
[1] So in original. Probably should be "Victim".
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
A study on foreign market selection factors in the Australian construction services sector
El-Higzi, Faiza A (2000) A study on foreign market selection factors in the Australian construction services sector. Masters by Research thesis, Queensland University of Technology.
Available via Document Delivery only – contact your library to place a request
If you are the author of this thesis, please contact email@example.com
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from Scopus and Web of Science® citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from the Google Scholar™ indexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|QUT Thesis (Masters by Research)
|Additional Information:
|Presented to the School of Construction Management and Property, Queensland University of Technology.
|Construction industry Australia, Export marketing Australia, International trade, international construction industry, country environment, risks, construction, services, Australia, competition, entry mode, export, internationalisation, thesis, masters
|Queensland University of Technology
|Copyright Owner:
|Copyright Faiza A El-Higzi
|Deposited On:
|22 Sep 2010 13:04
|Last Modified:
|30 Oct 2015 04:13
Export: EndNote | Dublin Core | BibTeX
Repository Staff Only: item control page


text:
Highlight Yourself or Site's Writers with WordPress Author Bio Widget
Highlight Yourself or Site's Writers with WordPress Author Bio Widget
Many themes come with the ability to include author bio info at the end of the post. But you may want to highlight that info in a more prominent position in the sidebar.
There could be several reasons for doing this. One may be that you'd like to establish yourself as an expert. Of course you'll need to produce expert content in order to do that, but you'll also need to "sell" yourself. You'll need to build a reputation. You'll want people to know who's behind that expert content you produce. And so why not make it easier to find out about you?
Another possible reason is that you might like to give authors on your site more prominent credit. Perhaps they're trying to establish themselves too. Perhaps you already have expert authors, and you'd like to highlight that fact even more. Or perhaps you have a site that sees a lot of personal interaction between the authors and your visitors. Communities are built on personal relationships. Spotlighting the people behind the content of your site could go a long way in building interactions.
Whatever your reason, if you'd like to highlight the author in the sidebar, the Author Profile plugin will help you do that.
After installing and activating the plugin, simply go to the widgets' page (Appearance > Widgets) to control the settings for the widget.
Plugin in Action
And here's the plugin in action:
Multiple Authors
This plugin also works in conjunction with the Co-Authors Plus plugin we spotlighted in another post. And so if you have more than one author for a post, all the authors' bios will appear in the sidebar.
Photo: A symbol person stick figure shines in center stage in the spotlight on a blue background from BigStock.


text:
This product is no longer available.
You can try these similar gifts instead.
Corona Beach Towel
Party or just chill out with this cotton beach towel that resembles an oversized bottle label. Perfect for chilling out in the sand, this 60" x 30" towel makes a great Spring Break or 21st birthday gift for any beach lover.


text:
Submitted by hostingnox2013 • July 23, 2013 www.hostingnox.com
We provide best Web Hosting Services which is not only approachable but also economical. Our each plan is rightly fit your budget.
- Category: Technology
- Tags: best web hosting, cheap web hosting, free web hosting sites, web hosting, web hosting india


text:
Commonly known as makopa in the Philippines, it is also known by a variety of other names in the regions where it can be cultivated. It is know as jambu klampok in Indonesia, chomphu-khieo in Thailand and roi in Vietnam. It is known in English as wax apple, Java apple and water apple. Its scientific name is Syzygium samarangense.
The tree grows in tropical climate on lowlands up to 1200 m above sea level. The trees grow up to 5 to 15 m in height and must be planted with 8 to 10-meter space between adjacent trees. It requires steady supply of water and are usually planted near bodies of water such as streams or ponds. It can also be cultivated in home gardens and along driveways.
The makopa fruit is 7.5 to 10 cm in diameter. In planting makopa, the seeds tend to lose their viability quickly and must be planted immediately after removing it from the fruit.
The fruit is typically eaten fresh including the skin just like eating apples and grapes. It can also be sliced and mixed in a fruit salad. It can also be preserved by pickling.
Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica


text:
Student yells "Remember Chappaquiddick" — Teddy shouts back "not really…"
Filed Under Doug Powers | Leave a Comment
A community college student in Massachusetts faces possible disciplinary action for shouting "Remember Chappaquiddick!" during an on-campus speech by Democrat Sen. Edward Kennedy.
Paul Trost, 20, a student at Massasoit Community College in Brockton, Mass., says he was upset by an introduction of Kennedy given by Rep. Stephen Lynch, D-Mass., in which the congressman noted how the long-time senator overcame hardship in life on his way to success.
For those of you keeping score at home, "Massasoit", coincidentally, is how Kennedy pronounces "Massachusetts" if it's before noon, or, if it's after noon, he's saying "pass the scotch".
It takes big guts to confront Senator Kennedy
Leave a Reply
You must be logged in to post a comment.


text:
Lois Lowry's Blog
I have just written, in an email to a close friend to whom I had recommended a book, "If you don't cry at the ending, then our friendship is over."
The book is called THE UNLIKELY PILGRIMAGE OF HAROLD FRY ... a first novel by Rachel Joyce.
It had been recommeded to me by my friend Tom, and Tom happened to be visiting this weekend, so he was here when I concluded my reading, and we had a chance to talk about it. In part we talked about the use of the word "pilgrimage"...such a perfect choice. The author could have used the word "journey", of course...but pilgrimage...perfect.
I am a fast reader but I took my time with this one, savoring each paragraph.
(In contrast I picked up another new book last night: THE LIGHT BETWEEN OCEANS, perceived in the first pages that it was not savorable, at least not by me, so I zipped through it and finished it in one sitting and won't even bother recommending it to friends. But Harold Fry? Oh yes.)
Tom called it a novel about redemption. He is a retired priest so knows what he is talking about when he uses such terminology: redemption; pilgrimage. I myself am not at all religious but one doesn't need to be to appreciate those words and what they mean in this book. It is a book about being human. About making mistakes. About grief and loss and making up for things done wrong. It concludes with two people laughing and laughing, even as the reader is snuffling into a Kleenex.
This morning I looked up the definition of the word "pilgrimage" and found: A pilgrimage is a journey or search of moral or spiritual significance. It occurs to me that many (most)? memorable pieces of literature involve a journey of that sort...sometimes actual geographic journeys; always a quest for meaning.
I read one of your blogs from 2010 concerning Dr. Ernst Trier Morch and the Danish rescue in 1943. (re: Number the Stars). I knew Dr. Morch before his death in 1995; I am currently conducting some research on him and would be interested in speaking (or corresponding) with you briefly. I can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.
I was excited to read about your latest offering and so was visiting your website. I wanted to say thanks for the book recommendation. I checked it out and it looks like something I will enjoy. Have a good day and thank you for sharing.
Hi, I too liked Harold Fry and must admit that I didn't think I could keep up with it so I kind of skimmed through it, got interested and finished it.
I wanted to e mail you about your article in yesterdays NY Times magazine. It was lovely, sad but beautiful.
Also I noted a picture of you and Ashley Bryan. He was the dearest friend of my dearest friend, Effie Lee Morris Jones. She died three years ago this November and I know you must have known her. She established the first chidren's service at the San Francisco library. I do read picture books, read them, buy them and share them with the children that I read to at an inner city San Francisco school. I also read adult books and have ten to read right now. I also reserve books that sound interesing but turn out to not be so.


text:
Create your badge
Non-profit Housing Groups
Organizations providing low-cost housing, down-payment grants, and/or first-time buyer counseling and education.
Community Development Groups
Groups offering education and counseling services for first-time buyers and assisting in creating affordable-housing projects.
Employer-Assisted Housing Programs
On Long Island, an employer-assisted housing program includes 18 public and private employers who participate in the Long Island Home Works Partnership in providing down payment grants.
Government Agencies
Government agencies offering down payment and closing-cost assistance to eligible first-time home buyers and employer assisted housing programs.
LI YIMBY | What is Affordable Housing | News | Join Our Campaign | Links | Contact Us


text:
Many of them have strings, but others are stringless and consequently are easier to prepare.
Then he was given a stringless violin, and forced to play upon it.
I still couldn't walk -- when I stood, my legs gave way like a stringless marionette's.
Green peas or stringless beans may be substituted for asparagus.
Two of these are stringless, but a drawback to them is that they discolour the water in which they are boiled.
Marinate cold, cooked, stringless beans with French Dressing.
Cook until tender two cups green, stringless beans and three or four small new onions, in boiling salted water.
stringless beans should be selected if possible, to avoid this part of the work.
A vast, bleak land peopled with stringless puppets, with walking cadavers.
stringless it was, though the broken strands of a blue ribbon attached to it showed that it had not always been so.
Old English streng "line, cord, thread," from Proto-Germanic *strangiz (cf. Old Norse strengr, Danish streng, Middle Dutch strenge, Dutch streng, Old High German strang, German Strang "rope, cord"), from *strang- "taut, stiff," from PIE root *strenk- "tight, narrow; pull tight, twist" (see strain). Gradually restricted by early Middle English to lines that are smaller than a rope. Sense of "a number of objects arranged in a line" first recorded late 15c.
Old English meaning "ligaments, tendons" is preserved in hamstring, heartstrings. Meaning "limitations, stipulations" (1888) is American English, probably from the common April Fool's joke of leaving a purse that looks full of money on the sidewalk, then tugging it away with an attached string when someone stoops to pick it up. To pull strings "control the course of affairs" (1860) is from the notion of puppet theater. First string, second string, etc. in athletics (1863) is from archers' custom of carrying spare bowstrings in the event that one breaks. Strings "stringed instruments" is attested from mid-14c. String bean is from 1759; string bikini is from 1974.
c.1400, "to fit a bow with a string," from string (n.). Meaning "to thread (beads, etc.) on a string" is from 1610s. To string (someone) along is slang from 1902; string (v.) in this sense is attested in British dialect from c.1812.
c.1400, "to fit a bow with a string," from string (n.). Meaning "to thread (beads, etc.) on a string" is from 1610s. To string (someone) along is slang from 1902; string (v.) in this sense is attested in British dialect from c.1812.
To deceive; fool; hoax: Who are you trying to string, anyhow?
Related Terms
pull someone's chain, pull the string
[1812+; fr the notion of getting somone on a string, under one's control]


text:
Kid Feels Dizzy After Surgery [Funny Video]
These types of videos usually don't disappoint. Someone undergoes a procedure that requires some form of anesthesia. When the patient (i.e. unsuspecting victim) makes up…his/her loving family is there to greet them, and capture them on video for all the world to see.
In this case, this little kid come to after getting his busted arm fixed up. This is one cool kid. Makes me laugh every time. It's funny enough in the beginning when he's just talking…but I really crack up towards the end when he starts to notice his family in the room, and this "big orange thing" on his arm.
I Feel Dizzy – Watch More Funny Videos


text:
This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Chemical senses – especially smell – are known to be important for the fundamental life events such as sensing predators, selecting mates, as well as finding food. The chemical senses are decoded in the olfactory system which is able to detect and differentiate thousands of odorous substances comprised of chemically divergent structures (i.e. odorants). The high selectivity of the olfactory system is heavily dependent on the receptors for each odorants (i.e. odorant receptors). Thus, studying odorant receptors may not only facilitate our understanding the initial events of olfaction but provide crucial knowledge for developing a novel, odorant receptor-based biosensor for chemical screening. Here we provide a review of recent advances in our understanding of odorant receptors.
Olfaction is the crucial sense for the fundamental life events such as searching for food, finding mates and avoiding predators. The olfactory system detects environmental chemicals with a member of a seven-transmembrane receptor family called odorant receptors. Studying odorant receptors may not only facilitate our understanding the initial events of olfaction but provide crucial knowledge for developing a novel, odorant receptor-based biosensor for chemical screening. Odorant receptors indeed retain their specificity and selectivity towards either known or unknown chemicals, and could be probed with an array of chemicals as a biosensor [
In most vertebrates the olfactory system is incorporated into the respiratory system in the nasal cavity. The respiratory epithelium resides in the most anterior parts of the nasal cavity, and the olfactory epithelium is located in deeper parts of the nasal cavity (
The olfactory bulb (OB) is divided from the olfactory epithelium by an ethmoid bone called cribriform plate (
Three distinct cell types exist in the olfactory epithelium; OSNs, sustentacular cells (SCs), and basal cells (BCs) (
Olfactory signal transduction is initiated when odorous chemicals interact with specific odorant receptors in cilia of OSNs (
Initial efforts searching for odorant receptors focused mainly on finding a specific protein for a specific odorant. In 1982, Pelosi
Expression of odorant receptors in the olfactory epithelium demonstrates an unusual spatial distribution [
Most studies have been done on the expression and distribution of odorant receptors at the message level, however little information is available at the protein level. Using polyclonal antibodies raised against some odorant receptors, expression of an odorant receptor in rats is visualized as early as E14 in a zonally restricted pattern [
There has been little knowledge about the ligand specificity of individual odorant receptors in any species, due to difficulties in expressing odorant receptors in heterologous systems. The primary role of odorant receptors is certainly to detect environmental odorous chemicals. However, difficulties of heterologous expression of odorant receptors severely limited studies for functional confirmation of such role. The most convincing observation concerning function were initially reported by genetic studies in C. elegans, which demonstrated that a mutant lacking odorant receptors lost its ability to detect a specific odor [
Vomeronasal organ is another chemosensory system located at the base of the nasal cavity. Different from the olfactory sensory organ, the VNO perceives and processes stimuli related to social and reproductive behavior (e.g. pheromones) in many species of vertebrates [
Some OSNs devoid of crucial signaling mechanisms for olfactory signal transduction such as Golf, ACIII, etc [
Each odorant receptor seems to recognize multiple odorants [
Besides functioning in the detection of odorants, odorant receptors appear to be involved in determining or guiding OSN axonal projections to the olfactory bulb, and probably to specific glomeruli [
The fruit fly,
Adult flies are sensitive to a diverse range of odorants, and they have two bilaterally symmetrical pairs of olfactory organs, the third segment of the antennae and the maxillary palps, located on the head [
Each organ is covered with sensory hairs, called sensilla, which are innervated by up to four OSNs (
Although the morphology of fly olfactory organs looks different from that of the mammalian, the organization of the olfactory system is quite similar to the mammalian olfactory system. Olfactory neurons expressing the same odorant receptor gene converge to a common olfactory glomerulus in the antennal lobe, the functional equivalent of the mammalian olfactory bulb [
Odorant receptor genes, in worm and vertebrate, encode G protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane spanning domains, and olfactory signal transduction involves G protein activation and second messenger generation [
There have been several clues that fly olfactory signal transduction may be different from other model organisms. Once fly
Taken together, the mechanism of fly signal transduction is still unclear, but may have a distinct odorant signaling (i.e. the odorant receptors are heteromeric ligand-gated cation channels) from the mammalian odorant signaling.
A large family of seven-transmembrane-domain proteins that encode odorant receptors was identified in
A number of techniques, including
Little knowledge has been concerning the ligand specificity of individual odorant receptors in any species, due to difficulties in expressing odorant receptors in heterologous systems. In
Systematic characterization of nearly all the receptors expressed in the antennal basiconic sensilla provided the principle molecular basis of odor coding at the peripheral level [
In the past few years, there have been particularly intensive studies of the molecular and cellular basis of mate recognition in
When a systematic investigation of the coeloconic sensilla, one of the three major morphological types of olfactory sensilla, was performed through extracellular physiological recordings, researchers found a class of OSNs which are tuned to a small number of specific chemosensory stimuli, such as water vapor, ammonia, and 1,4-diaminobutane, also known as putrescine [
Many insects respond to CO2, including
One class of olfactory receptor neuron (OSN) in the
Olfaction is an essential sensory modality that influences the quality and the survival of an organism. In the last decade huge progress has been made regarding our understanding of odorant transduction. Challenges still exist, so have technological perspectives been getting brighter. Odorant receptor based biosensors may replace many of the inconvenient and inefficient bioanalytical methods or devices, and ease our life and produce well-being society (
This work was supported by BioMedical Research Institute grant, Kyungpook National University Hospital (2006) (to C.M.).
Anatomy of the olfactory system.
Olfactory signal transduction.
Various odorant receptors.
Combinational odorant receptor coding for odors.
Anatomy of the insect olfactory system.
Olfactory signal transduction in
Odorant receptor based biosensor.