text:
|Reference : Organic farming in Wallonia : situation and perspectives
|Parts of books : Contribution to collective works
|Life sciences : Agriculture & agronomy
|Organic farming in Wallonia : situation and perspectives
|Burny, Philippe [Université de Liège - ULg > Sciences agronomiques > Economie et développement rural >]
|Environmental issues in the context of sustainable development
|Petrescu-Mag, Ruxandra-Malina
|Petrescu, Dacinia Crina
|Burny, Philippe
|Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux
|[en] Organic ; Agriculture ; Environment ; Production ; Market ; Wallonia
|[en] The paper describes the recent evolution of organic farming in Wallonia. The share of organic farmers in the total number of farms in Wallonia now reaches 5%, which is also the proportion of organic agricultural land in the total agricultural area. The financial support of public authorities, through direct payments or services like research, extension, advertisement, is essential for the maintenance or development of the Wallonian organic sector. This support is not granted for the future, but can be expected.
|File(s) associated to this reference
Fulltext file(s):
All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
NZ dollar rises as buoyant economic news cements chance of rate hike next month
By Tina Morrison
Feb. 28 (BusinessDesk) – The New Zealand dollar was the best performing major currency overnight, nudging above 83.90 US cents, as a raft of positive economic news cemented the likelihood of the Reserve Bank raising interest rates next month.
The kiwi touched a high of 83.91 US cents this morning, the fourth session this year it has risen above 83.90 cents, making it the best performer of major currencies tracked by Reuters. The New Zealand dollar was trading at 83.77 US cents at 8am in Wellington, from 83.24 cents at 5pm yesterday. The trade-weighted index advanced to 83.77 from 83.24 yesterday.
The local currency was buoyed by positive economic news yesterday, including a record forecast payout to dairy farmers by Fonterra Cooperative Group, estimated to add $500 million to the economy, positive trade data which has pushed the annual trade balance into surplus for the first time since March 2012 and the highest monthly gain in migrants since May 2003. The latest news adds to expectations that the Reserve Bank will become the first developed economy to hike interest rates next month.
"Yesterday New Zealand news continued to put the nation at the top of economic status," Peter Cavanaugh, client advisor at Bancorp Treasury Services, said in a note. "The New Zealand dollar is up across the board … as the New Zealand economy and NZD maintains its 'Rock Star' status."
In New Zealand today, traders will be eyeing a report on building permits and the ANZ business confidence survey.
The New Zealand dollar advanced against the Australian dollar, rising to its highest level this month, after weaker-than-expected Australian capital expenditure data yesterday raised concerns about a recovery in the Australian economy. Traders are now betting there is a 5 percent chance the Reserve Bank of Australia will cut interest rates further, according to the Overnight Index Swap curve.
The kiwi touched a high of 93.70 Australian cents this morning and was trading at 93.43 cents at 8am from 93.08 cents yesterday.
The New Zealand dollar rose to 61.09 euro cents from 60.79 cents yesterday. Traders are awaiting a report on European February inflation later today as they weigh the likelihood of the European Central Bank adding more stimulus to the region's economy when it meets next week.
The local currency advanced to 50.19 British pence from 49.90 pence yesterday and gained to 85.59 yen 85.23 yen ahead of a the release of several key Japanese economic indicators today, including employment, inflation and industrial production.
Later today, reports are due on US GDP and consumer confidence while over the weekend, traders will be keeping an eye on the release of China's official manufacturing PMI.


text:
Reno Mahe, J.R. Reid and Greg Lewis were the team Captains. Numbers 51, 52 and 53 in terms of value on the roster. That sets the tone, doesn't it?
I can't believe those picks. Feeley is not making good decisions.
What gets me is the pass that was right in Takeo Spikes hands! I was on the way home listening to Mike Quick and Merle Reese, and they said he had it and dropped it!
Our LB have no interceptions at all this year...that's sad. How many winning teams have LB with no INTs?
No INT's and only 1 sack. The ball hit him right in the bread basket.
They're not playing badly, they just aren't making any big plays.
This is a game of plenty of errors on both sides. It's anyone's game. Pass Interfernce, ball on one yard line. That was a gift.
Oh... meant the LB aren't playing badly. (Another brain burp).
White Lightning strikes again!
One thing Feeley doesn't lack is cujones and confidence. He'll throw right into double coverage and has done so several times.
You can't turn the ball over like this, you just can't. If you get the ball back, just give it to Westbrook and let him work.
Another pass right in our LB hands, this time, Omar Gaither, DROPPED. Good play following by Gocong, though.
Is Tony Hunt even on the team anymore? I never see him. That 1st and goal before the half was the perfect situation for him.
It's been weeks since I've heard Hunt's name.
Me too. Is he hurt? I'll check the website, although if he's hurt, it must be from getting splinters in his butt sitting on the bench.
Hunt is listed as inactive for the game, but there are no injury reports on him. It might have been a coaches' decision to inactivate him.
I hate sports.
Man, this is worse than being a Bills fan. BTW, what did the Nills do today?
i really hope everyone sees why feeley is a backup.. and this better shut everyone up about getting rid of mcnabb he would have had zero picks today.
The Bills beat the Skins.
Feeley isn't the long-term answer for the Eagles, but neither is McNabb. Not unless they make major personnel changes around him, and I don't think the team is prepared to go out and get dominating wide receivers, even if they could.
I hear ya Brian but at least for the rest of the season it shouldnt be a question who starts. I would even give Mcnabb one more season because of the two year acl rule. Hopefully Cleveland, Tampa, and the Giants win today and keep our slim hopes alive
McNabb would likely have been sacked at least a half dozen times with one or two fumbles and picks. I'm convinced he's been playing looking over his shoulder the whole year. I don't dislike him, but don't think he's the leader this team has needed and has never been. He's tremendously talented, but has had a problem with nerves on the field since his days in Syracuse when he used to throw up on the field frequently.
This is not a town for a sensitive guy. Let him play in his hometown in 2008. What do you think Chicago might give up to get him?
The Eagles need to go get a game breaker on the outside and bring back the Jersey Shore Offense(circa Jon Gruden). Use that big line and your backs, and let McNabb use play action. It isn't exactly rocket science here. Just go get somebody who can run by most corners on the outside that keeps the safeties deep.
JJ, McNabb has a problem with nerves? Throwing up means you have bad nerves? Wow... I could list all the all-time greats in different sports who had the same "issue," but I won't. Your comment is just completely and totally off-base, considering just how many comebacks he's led. There was an article in today's Inquirer that crystalizes the issue to me, and it harkens back to comments made by some of the players last year when McNabb went down. The problem is that the skill players(except 36) don't man up and ball when 5 is there because they realize that Donovan takes all the heat and responsibility on himself. They constantly expect him to pull a rabbit out of a hat instead of consistently meeting him halfway. How many times has Reggie Brown failed to come back to the ball? Curtis is supposed to be a speed threat, but can you remember how few times he has legitimately beaten the corner deep? And LJ has been erratic and missing in action. And that doesn't even include a defense that has forgotten how to get takeaways, and therefore, the offense rarely gets good field position.
Bottom line, you put some better playmakers around 5 with a more 36-centric approach that takes advantage of your maulers upfront, and this team could go places next year.
I don't think I disagree with what you're saying here, but I think you're describing a big part of the problem. If the players around him aren't motivated when he's in there, then he's not a good leader. Simple as that.
As for using a more 36-centric approach on offense, I had that exact same thought last year after Garcia's run. I was positive Reid had learned his lesson and we'd see a team dedicated to running the ball this season. It didn't happen until McNabb went down. Probably not McNabb's fault, but it doesn't really matter whose fault it is when you have bad results.
The peripheral players perform better when McNabb is not under center. That's why I think they need to find a new solution for next year.
As for the rest of this season, you have to play him if for no other reason than to keep his trade value high.
I don't dispute that McNabb is very talented and has won some big games. And yes, his receivers don't rise to the occasion and Andy sets McNabb up for failure to a certain point with such a pass heavy offense. Andy's arrogance and stubbornness on sticking with his game plan are a big part of the problem.
Yes, I agree that our receivers need to man up. But what of all those bounced passes thrown behind them, and what of all the sacks that makes a strong offensive line look bad because he just doesn't get rid of the ball?
I think McNabb still has good playing years left in him, but I don't think they're going to be in Philadelphia. He's playing like he's looking over his shoulder. This is a fickle city and the fans aren't going to stand behind McNabb if the Eagles lose, fair or not. This team was given up for dead when McNabb went down last year and they rallied around the less talented Jeff Garcia last year and won. And this team played great lead by Feeley against the Pats in New England, even though they lost.
Feeley is not the long term answer. It's too early to know if Kolb is going to be the answer.
But McNabb, as this team looks right now, is not the answer. It's a pity that the fans of this city and its media have turned but they have. Even if we won all the rest of their games, they finish at 9-7 and most likely miss the playoffs. I think he's lost the team and the city. Time for a fresh start both for him and the Birds, before it gets even uglier.
I guess the question really comes down to whether or not you are ready to blow it up then. Because dumping McNabb is essentially saying we've have no shot to win at all for the next 2-3 years easily. If that's the case, you might as well dump 36 too, because he'll be ancient in running back years before you get good again.
I do think the fact that Reid has done McNabb a disservice is much more relevant than you are saying though. If they ran a more ball-control centric style while letting McNabb use playfakes that the D has to honor, he would be more effective.
IMO, the answer lies in getting receivers who can make plays consistently, or at least one burner on the outside who can scare the D. Say what you want about him, but his numbers while Owens and Stallworth were here tell the story. You give him a consistent home-run threat, and he becomes much better.
No one is saying McNabb is a pinpoint accurate passer, but he's not horrible. However, receivers just are not coming open consistently. AJ had the same issue today, except he forced some throws that he was lucky to get away with.
It's a tough situation. I guess we're going to have to see what Kolb is made of.
I'd hate to see them blow the whole thing up, and I don't think they have to. Like you said, they have 36, who is one of, if not the best back in the league. They have a good offensive line, and they have skill guys who can achieve some success in this system. I think the key is getting a guy who can run that system efficiently, like Feeley did last week, without making stupid decisions, like Feeley did this week.
Maybe it's Kolb, who knows. We're going to have to wait and see. I just don't see this team taking a step forward with McNabb unless they get a game-changing wide receiver next season. I think they could take that next step with the team as currently constructed, if they get an accurate passer who can play within the system and use the draft to shore up the DBs and LBs.
I would say McNabb is playing like someone still working through a major injury and figuring out what he can and can't do because of it. People forget, the reason he's always held the ball was because he had a knack for making something great out of thin air. That is years worth of instincts that is hard to work past.
Plus, I do think people gave Garcia much too much credit last year. The reason they got better was that they rode 36 and that big line and allowed Garcia to manage the game. It also helped that the home-run threat on the outside(Stallworth) helped to keep teams honest. His pure speed scared teams.
McNabb is still one year out from an injury that takes 2 seasons to come back from. So, I've been okay with his play this year. I do think that having pedestrian receivers hamstrings him. Hell, if Reggie Brown had Charles Johnson's or Small's aggression toward the ball, he'd be something. Instead, for both Don and AJ, he waits for the ball to come to him. Curtis is a good #2, period.
I do not see where you think he's lost the team though. I see it more as a lack of accountability for certain players(i.e. Brown, LJ) than a team-wide issue.
Regarding the fans & media, if the Eagles allow them to run the best QB in franchise history out of town, then Reid deserves to follow him. Sometimes majority opinion means that all the idiots are on the same side.
It depends on your definition of success, because I don't think this team has a good enough defense or special teams to win with a game-manager system guy. And by win, I mean get back to the Show with a good chance to bring it home, year in and year out
I guess we just disagree then, because it might be easier to find a potential gamebreaker then revamping the defense. I'm not asking for a pro-bowler at wideout, just saying to make that safety think twice. But the offense should be more balanced.
I think, with a true burner outside, it should be a 50/50 run/pass ratio. Westbrook should be 20-25 touches, Buck should be 10-15, Hunt 5-10, with these numbers changing depending on game situations and who's hot. Pound the ball, then let McNabb use play-action and that cannon to find the burner(s) streaking deep. Or, move 36 around the formation to create confusion for Buck's rushes. They don't deploy BWest out wide much this year. If they balanced out the offense, they could get back to that.
That would be a dynamic offense that just needs them to find that guy. They had Stallworth, but let him go. They need to find another burner.
I would've agreed with you a couple of years ago, in fact, I was defending McNabb for most of this season. Now, I just don't think he's the same guy anymore. I think the injuries have taken too much of a toll, physically and mentally.
Dude. Be a man. Waiting for the apology. Donavan's a very, very good quaterback by the stats, and I know that's not everything. You said, "ignore the stats, dump the good stats guy for the the guy with bad stats and a heart." So, where's the "you told me so?" Be a man.
I don't think I said ignore the stats etc., or anything about A.J.'s heart. What I said was that he gets rid of the ball quickly, and plays within the offense better than McNabb has. What I saw this week was a guy that made bad decisions with the ball, which is something McNabb definitely doesn't do.
That's pretty much the extent of it for McNabb at this point, though. He doesn't turn the ball over. I still don't think that's enough for this team. Their defense isn't that good, and they don't commit enough to the run.
This season is done, they should start McNabb the rest of the way just to keep his trade value up. I also said Feeley isn't the answer long term, if either Feeley or McNabb is the starting QB next year, and they haven't made significant changes at the WR position, we're in for more of the same next season.
I will admit that I didn't think Feeley would go out and lose the game. Those picks were unforgivable, and probably the reason he never lasted as a starter when he got the shot.


text:
Separated at Birth 2: Vanilla Ice vs Chris Brown by John M. Ellison IV
Well folks, after the surprising success of Bobby Brown G.G. Allin Separated at Birth; I felt it was time for a sequel. Chris Brown vs Vanilla Ice!
On 3/22/11, Chris Brown was on Good Morning America promoting his new album F.AM.E. Good Morning America anchor Robin Roberts asked about Chris Brown's previous domestic assault issues. Chris Brown slightly agitated; he brushes it off and downplayed it continues with the interview. Everything seemed cool…Well, until Brown goes in his GMA dressing room, screams manically, shatters a window and tears his shirt off.
I thought after hearing this I thought…"wait, an artificial blonde losing his shit in TV studio in Times Square? Didn't Vanilla Ice do this already?" Vanilla Ice did what? Let me explain… in 1999, Vanilla Ice was featured on a "25 Lame (Worst Music Videos)" a countdown show with overplayed videos featuring Janeane Garafalo, Jon Stewart, Chris Kattan and Dennis Leary providing smarmy comments.
Anyway, Ice was on the set and was given the honor of destroying the master video of "Ice Ice Baby" with a baseball bat given to him by Jon Stewart. Well, Rob doesn't just destroy the station's master copy of "Ice Ice Baby" but also gets a baseball bat and tears the studio up for good measure. After decimating the set, the tape was still fairly intact. Well, after realizing this Ice continues to smash the video and the remainder of the set. Hearing Chris Kattan saying "No Vanilla!" was probably one of his most amusing moments since…anyway.
Here's the video of Vanilla Ice going berzerk.
I'm not a fan of Chris Brown's music, oddly enough; I saw some of his drawings and dude's a surprisingly talented cartoonist. I'm not going to "roast" him because that's for cowards behind a keyboard. Besides, until he gets certain issues addressed he's going to burn himself out anyway.
In closing, I hope Chris gets some help for his anger issues and chill. Peace.


text:
UFC 162 Results: Anderson Silva Should Want Rematch After Main Event LossJuly 7, 2013
Anderson Silva failing to defend his title on Saturday night isn't the end of the world, but it appears that The Spider is basically giving up on his future.
At UFC 162, Silva entered the Octagon with Chris Weidman looking to retain the middleweight title for the 11th consecutive time. Silva pranced around and toyed with Weidman through the early portions of the fight, but the challenger wasn't fazed by the champion's antics.
In the second round, Weidman made his move on Silva, connecting with a quick combination to knock the champion down. He got on top of him and continued to pound away. The referee ended the match and Weidman became the first to take the title away from The Spider.
Weidman accomplished what was previously thought to be impossible.
While the victory for Weidman was one of enormous proportions, it's what ensued after the bout that has become the biggest storyline.
UFC president Dana White told Jack Kuhlenschmidt of Fox Sports, "I guarantee you there is nothing I want more than a rematch with Chris Weidman."
It appears that the UFC president may not get what he wants, though, as Silva had some telling comments of his own after the fight.
"Chris is the champion. Chris is the best. That's it. I'm not fighting for the belt," Silva said, according to Kuhlenschmidt's report. The former champ also noted he needs to respect his family, but will not be retiring.
Silva is still under contract with UFC for 10 more fights, but The Spider said that they might not necessarily be for the title.
"I won't fight [again] for the belt. I had the belt for a long time," Silva told ESPN.com's Franklin McNeil. So, in other words, Silva will fight, but he doesn't really care about winning the title back.
This makes absolutely no sense.
It almost appears as if Silva has lost the will to fight to be the best. He is still arguably the best mixed martial arts fighter to ever step in the Octagon. The loss to Weidman was the first defeat of his UFC career, as he entered the fight at 16-0, with 10 consecutive title defenses.
And now that he has lost the title, he doesn't want it back?
Weidman took what was his. Silva has to know that he got a bit too cocky in the Octagon and didn't perform as well as he could have. If he wouldn't have taunted the challenger so frequently, maybe he would still have the middleweight belt right now. But how can he not want a rematch?
Silva still has 10 fights ahead of him and a lot can change over that period of time. It could be a few more years until he's fulfilled his obligation with UFC, meaning that he could definitely change his mind along the way.
If he bounces back and wins his next few fights, maybe he'll wake up and realize that he wants another title bout.
Silva should want his title back. He should want to be in a position where he can retire with the middleweight belt around his waist.
White wants to see the rematch. Lance Pugmire of the Los Angeles Times reports that Weidman offered Silva the rematch. Silva has to take it, though, and if he does he certainly has the talent to win the belt back.


text: i appreciate what you said jumble. but this is all i have that passes for a hobby. it's like telling a movie lover to wear a blindfold to the theatre. Maybe find new hobbies that aren't going to fuck you up in the long run? And switch up your training for more skills/function - more sports/performance oriented stuff?


text:
Transport Package Big Move Forward for South Auckland
28 June 2013
Transport Package Big Move Forward for South Auckland
Manurewa-Papakura Councillor Calum Penrose and Manurewa Local Board Chair Angela Dalton are welcoming the Government's announcement that an extra lane will be fast tracked for the Southern Motorway south of Manurewa as funding is moved forward.
Councillor Calum Penrose and the Manurewa Local Board have been advocating for an extra lane on the Southern Motorway and are pleased to hear that funding will be brought forward to make this happen.
"We congratulate the Prime Minister on this announcement and thank Papakura MP Judith Collins for her advocacy in bringing this important issue to the attention of the Government around the Cabinet table," says Councillor Penrose.
"An extra lane on the Southern motorway will help to ease the pressure on the motorway where 5 lanes currently merge into 2 lanes after SH 20 merges with SH 1 at Manukau.
"While much of the Prime Minister's announcement focusses on the CBD and an extra harbour crossing, increasing the capacity of the Southern Motorway must be seen as a priority as it will open up economic and growth opportunities for the southern part of Auckland which is designated as a growth area under the Unitary Plan," says Mr Penrose.
"We will be continuing to advocate for the redevelopment of the Takinini motorway interchange and an east-west Takinini link which is also an important part of unlocking these opportunities," says Manurewa Local Board Chair Angela Dalton.
"Councillor Penrose has led the advocacy on the Takinini upgrade for a number of years. It made sense that I joined Councillor Penrose with this advocacy and it has been a pleasure to work alongside Calum who delivers results for his communities," says Ms Dalton.
Councillor Calum Penrose and Angela Dalton will be writing to the Minister of Transport Gerry Brownlee to visit Takinini and see for himself the need to redevelop the Takinini interchange and the economic growth opportunities this will have for Auckland and New Zealand.


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Here's a few of last week's top performances from high school sports.
• Football - James Elkins/Tani LeHauli, Granger: These running backs might owe their offensive linemen some dinner this week. Each had 14 carries in a 53-22 win over Murray, and they did a lot with them. The duo combined for 391 yards and five touchdowns. That's nearly a 14 yard-per-carry average, but the most important statistic is this: Granger is 2-0.
• Soccer - Sarah Beecher, Davis: The junior goalkeeper took over the net this year for the Darts, and hasn't disappointed. She got her first two clean sheets last week in wins against Bonneville and Bountiful. Beecher is steadily emerging as one of the leaders of a young core on Davis' team, and the Darts are looking dangerous.
• Volleyball - Bree Bailey, Lehi: The senior looked in great form at a new position against Brighton. At outside hitter, she knocked in 23 kills on the Bengals for a 3-0 sweep last week. With dominance like that, watch out for a Pioneers squad on the warpath after making it to the finals last year.


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Registration is not required.
Free admission and parking.
The EXPO will include the following:
The Expo is the largest event for Baby Boomers and Seniors in central Vermont!
Vermont Maturity Magazine is proud to present the 3rd ANNUAL Central Vermont 50+ EXPO on Saturday, April 26, 2014 at the Holiday Inn Conference Center in Rutland, Vermont from 9 am-3pm!
The EXPO is a day of fun and learning designed for Vermonters age 50 and older, though all ages are welcome to attend. This free event includes more than 40 exhibitors offering useful information and giveaways, as well as workshops on topics including health and wellness, finance and insurance and a special travel workshop with historian and lecturer Howard Coffin.
A highlight of the event will be the Elvis Tribute Concert featuring professional Elvis impersonator Dana Z at 2 pm. Dana Z is the most sought after Elvis tribute artist/impersonator in the New England area. He has performed at various casinos, theaters, festivals, conventions, corporate and special events and multi-artist tribute shows all over the U.S. Dana Z is a versatile performer who has the authentic look, moves and voice of "the King." Once you see Dana Z perform, you will feel like Elvis never left the building!
Art enthusiasts will enjoy art demos/instruction from 9 am–1pm by artist Ann McFarren.
Attendees can enter to win a trip for two to Akwesasne Casino from Vermont's Green Mountain Tours and two round-trip plane tickets to Boston courtesy of Cape Air.
Free admission, free parking.
Info: www.vermontmaturity.com/RutlandEXPO, 802.872.9000, ext. 18; firstname.lastname@example.com.
Refresh your driving skills and learn strategies to stay safe behind the wheel.
At this location Holiday Inn Conference Center Beginning on April 26, 2014
RUTLAND REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER160 Allen Street, Rutland, VT 05701802.775.7111


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One of the first and best-known institutes working on different aspects of multimedia is the MIT Media Lab in Boston. Research is going on there on a variety of future applications, such as personal newspaper and holography. In the meantime, many research institutes, universities and computer and telecommunication companies work in the multimedia area.
>From the technical perspective, besides handling the huge amount of data, the timing requirements among all components of the data computation is the major challenge. Traditional data computation tries to finish its task as soon as possible. Real-time systems must work internally within given time bounds, mostly as error-tolerant systems. The fault tolerance in multimedia is generally not the most important aspect.
Another challenge is the integration requirement of different types of media in a multimedia application. In such applications, the traditional media (e.g., text, image) as well as the continuous media (e.g., video, audio), must be processed. Moreover, if a timing requirement is set by a multimedia application, it should hold for both classes (traditional and continuous media) to achieve the timing specification of the application. These media are not independent of each other and therefore the integration requires concepts, which are more complex than just the integration of current concepts. In an integrated system, different components have to process both kinds of data, and moreover, different relations can occur in the form of synchronization among the media.
The notion of multimedia is often defined very differently in the literature in comparison to our (above) description. There is some need for clarification. The technology connections and binding different components, were considered only partially and in isolation from each other. Based on [Steinmetz93], we wrote this book to provide an integrated, consistent and total view.
Basic concepts for the processing of digital audio and video data are based on digital signal processing. Hence, these concepts are described and some possible practical implementations are presented. Different methods for the processing of image , graphics and animation are described. The audio techniques section includes music (MIDI) and speech processing. The understanding of video techniques is built mainly on TV development, including digital representation and HDTV. The originated data rates of these media demand, because of the current quality requirements and available technology, corresponding compression methods. The corresponding hardware and some software are briefly described.
The diminishing cost of optical storage space has contributed significantly to the current development of computer technology. Almost all developments are based on CD-DA (Compact Disc-Digital Audio), known from home electronics.
On the other hand, networks, with their higher bandwidth and their capacity for transmitting all media types, have led to networked multimedia systems . Not such a long time ago, local and distributed multimedia systems consisted of a set of external analog devices controlled by a computer. Today, development tends toward full digital working systems.
The interface between the device domain and the system domain is specified by the computer technology . To utilize the device domain, several system services are needed. Basically, three services exist. These services are mostly implemented in software:
The services of the system domain are offered to the application domain through proper programming abstractions . Moreover, such abstractions can be, for example, part of a multimedia operating system, programming language or object-oriented class hierarchy.
Another topic embedded in the application domain is document handling . A document consists of a set of structured information, represented in different media, and generated or recorded at the time of presentation. Many functions of document handling and other applications are accessible and presented to the user through a user interface .
It turns out that some aspects, such as synchronization aspects, are difficult to locate in one or two components or domains. The reason is that synchronization , being the temporal relationship among various media, relates to many components across all domains.


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These authors contributed equally to this work.
This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) are promising tools for gene therapy. The production of strongly toxic vectors, for example for cancer-directed gene transfer, is often unfeasible due to uncontrolled expression of toxic genes in vector-producing cells. Using an approach based on transcriptional repression, we have created novel AAV vectors carrying the genes coding for diphtheria toxin A (DTA) and the pro-apoptotic PUMA protein. The DTA vector had a significant toxic effect on a panel of tumor cell lines, and abrogation of protein synthesis could be shown. The PUMA vector had a toxic effect on HeLa and RPMI 8226 cells, and sensitized transduced cells to doxorubicin. To permit targeted gene transfer, we incorporated the DTA gene into a genetically modified AAV-2 capsid previously developed by our group that mediates enhanced transduction of murine breast cancer cells
Vectors derived from adeno-associated virus (AAV) hold promise as safe and efficient tools for gene therapy. Their desirable safety profile has been confirmed in a number of clinical trials [
The development of AAV vectors for cancer therapy has hitherto been focused on anti-angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and suicide genes, or on genes that mediate cell repair [
We set out to expand the arsenal of toxic AAV vectors. The production of vectors carrying strong toxic genes can be hampered by uncontrolled expression of these genes in the cell lines used for packaging. While specific promoters may be an option to circumvent this problem, they may not be available for a given target cell type of interest or may not be strong enough to achieve adequate transgene expression levels in the target cell [
Cells were cultured in a humidified atmosphere at 37 °C and 5% CO2. HEK293T cells (kindly provided by David Baltimore, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA), HeLa cells (obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA), and SiHa cells (kindly provided by Jens Hasskarl, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg) were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany) and 1% of a penicillin/streptomycin solution (100 units/mL penicillin G/100 μg/mL streptomycin, Invitrogen). HEK293T T-REx cells (Invitrogen) were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium containing 10% tetracycline-free fetal bovine serum (PAA Laboratories, Pasching), 1% penicillin/streptomycin, and 5 μg/mL blasticidin (Invitrogen). RPMI 8226 cells (obtained from ATCC) were cultured in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (Invitrogen) containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.
These cells were obtained from 2-3-month-old female PymT mice (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, MN) [
To create pAAVTetO2 (
Key features of the pAAVTetO2 plasmid backbone and derivative constructs. The construct provides inverted terminal repeat sequences (ITR), the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV), two tet operator sequences (TetO2), and the bovine growth hormone polyadenylation signal (BGH pA). In the presence of the Tet repressor (TR), the transcription of toxic genes is inhibited (top), but it is enabled in its absence (center). The toxic genes and reporter genes cloned into pAAVTetO2 are listed at the bottom.
The pAAVTetO2-luciferase construct was obtained by insertion of the 2314 bp fragment containing the firefly luciferase cDNA and an SV polyadenylation signal obtained from the
Recombinant AAV vectors were produced in the absence of adenovirus, with
The transgenes of interest were contained in the pAAVTetO2 constructs created as described above. Alternatively, the pTRUF-CMV-eGFP [
The AAV vector capsid titers were determined as described by an ELISA (Progen, Heidelberg). The genomic titers of recombinant AAV vectors were determined by quantitative PCR using the Absolute SYBR Green fluorescein master mix (Abgene, Epsom) on a MyiQ cycler (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), using the primers 5'-GGCGGAGTTGTTACGACAT-3' and 5'-GGGACTTTCCTACTTGGCA-3' specific for the CMV promoter region. The genomic titers of AAV libraries were determined by quantitative PCR, using the primers 5'-GCAGTATGGTGTATCTACCAA-3' and 5'-GCCTGGAAGAACGCCTTGTGT-3' specific for the insert region.
To analyze luciferase gene transduction, 104 primary PymT tumor cells per well were seeded in 24-well plates and incubated with AAV-luciferase vectors at an multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 104 vector genomes/cell. 72 hours later, luciferase activities in cellular lysates were measured in a luminometer (Berthold Centro LB 960) using the Promega luciferase assay (Promega, Mannheim) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Values were normalized to protein levels in each probe determined by a Bradford assay (Bio-Rad). For analysis of pAAVTetO2-luciferase constructs, 293T T-REx cells were seeded at a density of 5 × 103 cells per well and were transfected with 80 ng of DNA per well using Lipofectamine (Invitrogen). One day after transfection, the medium was replaced by fresh medium with or without 1 µg/mL tetracycline. Luciferase activity in one-tenth of the lysate volume obtained from each well was analyzed.
To analyze gene transduction by AAV vectors harboring the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP), 5 × 104 cells per well of PymT cells were seeded in 24-well plates and incubated with AAV-GFP vectors at an MOI of 103 or 104 vector genomes/cell. After three days, cells were harvested and GFP reporter gene expression was determined using a flow cytometer (FACSCalibur, BD Biosciences, Heidelberg) and CellQuest Pro analysis software. For detection of apoptotic and necrotic processes, RPMI 8226 cells were stained with an annexin V-GFP conjugate and with propidium iodide. GFP-/PI- cells were gated as viable, GFP+/PI- cells were gated as apoptotic, and GFP+/PI+ cells were gated as necrotic. For analysis of the inhibition of GFP synthesis, 2 × 104 cells were seeded.
Toxic effects on cells were analyzed using a colorimetric assay based on the reduction of MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) to a formazan salt in viable cells [
The significance of results was analyzed using Student's
We created a novel plasmid construct for production of AAV vectors carrying toxic genes under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter. This construct, designated pAAVTetO2, provides the inverted terminal repeat sequences required for packaging of transgenes into vector capsids, as well as tet operator sequences to allow for transcriptional inhibition of transgenes by the Tet repressor (
Genes coding for DTA and PUMA were cloned into pAAVTetO2. The resulting plasmid constructs were used for the production of toxic vectors with wildtype AAV-2 capsid. Vectors were produced in 293T T-REx cells stably expressing the Tet repressor. Vectors carrying the PUMA gene (AAVTetO2-PUMA) could be produced in the same concentrations as non-toxic vectors produced using an identical setting (with titers in the range of 1011–1012 vector genomes/mL) if the packaging cells (HEK293T) were transfected with plasmid constructs containing the transgene of interest in the range of 5 × 104 plasmids per cell. The titers obtained for DTA vectors were typically two to three orders of magnitude lower, most probably because of residual expression of the DTA protein, which inhibits protein synthesis even in minute quantities. However, titers could be slightly improved by lowering the copy number of the toxic pAAVTetO2-DTA construct in the packaging cell line, with maximum titers achieved for 100–1,000 copies of pAAVTetO2 per cell. We could further show that the presence of the Tet repressor (pcDNA6/TR) actually results in increased titers for DTA vectors, confirming the validity of our approach (
Contributions of the Tet repressor/operator system to increasing titers of toxic vectors. Comparison of titers of vectors carrying the diphtheria toxin A gene (AAVTetO2-DTA) produced under different conditions: without transcriptional repression (black), in the presence of the Tet repressor, and in the presence of the Tet repressor and of 1 µg/mL tetracycline. For each of these conditions, different copy numbers of the DTA gene per packaging cell were evaluated. The data are mean values ± SD from two independent experiments.
We evaluated the toxic AAVTetO2-DTA and AAVTetO2-PUMA vectors on HeLa and SiHa cervical carcinoma cell lines, and on the RPMI 8226 myeloma cell line. AAVTetO2-DTA vectors were purified via iodixanol density gradient ultracentrifugation and were evaluated at a maximum multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5 × 103 vector genomes per cell. The AAVTetO2-PUMA vector was evaluated at a maximum MOI of 105 vector genomes per cell without further purification. For the analysis of toxic effects, cells were seeded in a 96-well plate at a density of 5 × 103 cells per well one day before transduction. Toxic effects were analyzed by an MTT viability assay five days after transduction. For the AAVTetO2-DTA vector, a significant toxic effect could be detected on HeLa cells, SiHa cells, and RPMI 8226 cells at an MOI of 5 × 103 vector genomes per cell. The AAVTetO2-PUMA vector had a significant effect on HeLa cells and RPMI 8226 cells at an MOI of 105, but not on SiHa cells (
Considering that the PUMA protein can sensitize cells to additional toxic stimuli [
Functionality of novel toxic AAV vectors carrying toxic genes. (A) Toxic effects on a panel of tumor cell lines. The data are mean values ± SD from three independent experiments each done in triplicates; (B) Combined application of the AAVTetO2-PUMA vector and doxorubicin. The data are mean values ± SD from two independent experiments, each done in triplicate. Asterisks indicate a significant toxic effect compared to administration of a non-toxic vector (AAVTetO2).
Cell death in cells transduced with DTA and PUMA vectors. Identification of apoptotic, necrotic, and viable cells by flow cytometry. Top: Two-dimensional staining intensity plots. Bottom: Percentage of cells gated as viable, apoptotic, and necrotic (mean values from an experiment done in triplicates).
RPMI 8226 cells transduced with the AAVTetO2-DTA (MOI of 5 × 103 vg/cell) and AAVTetO2-PUMA (MOI of 105 vg/cell) vectors were analyzed by flow cytometry to detect apoptotic and necrotic processes. Five days after transduction, a substantial fraction of cells transduced with toxic vectors, but not with controls, was gated as apoptotic, suggesting that these vectors act via pathways that involve apoptosis (
Once the functionality of the DTA gene when delivered via a wildtype AAV-2 capsid was confirmed, we set out to produce a targeted variant of the DTA vector. For this purpose, we selected a capsid modification previously developed by our group [
Effects of the diphtheria toxin A gene on murine PymT breast tumor cells, delivered via an AAV vector with targeted capsid structure (RGDLGLS). (A) The targeted vector (RGDLGLS-DTA) has a strong toxic effect on PymT cancer cells compared to a vector with a random sequence capsid insertion or the DTA vectors with wildtype AAV capsid. The data are mean values ± SD from triplicates. (B) Inhibition of eGFP synthesis in PymT cells transduced with the RGDLGLS-DTA vector as assayed by fluorescence microscopy. Cells are visualized by cytokeratine staining. The percentage of cells gated as GFP-positive by flow cytometry in a parallel experiment is indicated. The data are mean values ± SD from triplicates.
We produced vectors with the capsid peptide insertion RGDLGLS and harboring the DTA gene. Vectors with capsids containing the random amino acid sequence VRRPRFW (at position R588) as well as vectors with wildtype capsids were produced as non-targeted controls. PymT primary breast cancer cells were transduced with these vectors at an MOI of 5 × 103. A strong toxic effect of the targeted DTA vectors was detected after four days in an MTT viability assay compared to the effect caused by the control vectors (
To complement these experiments, we analyzed the inhibitory effect of the targeted vector on protein synthesis. PymT cells were transduced with the RGDLGLS-DTA vector or the control DTA vector, followed by transduction with an RGDLGLS vector harboring the e
Production of cytotoxic vectors for therapeutic gene delivery is challenging as uncontrolled cytotoxic gene expression can suppress protein synthesis and/or viability in producer cells. Here, we set out to expand the potential of AAV vectors for experimental tumor therapy. We established and used a transcriptional repression system to produce novel AAV vectors carrying the genes coding for diphtheria toxin A (DTA) and the pro-apoptotic PUMA protein. In several proof of principle experiments, we showed that the vectors produced with our method and carrying the genes coding for the DTA protein and the PUMA protein under the control of the CMV promoter are functional, and both in a targeted and non-targeted vector capsid context.
The characteristics of the vectors presented here differ from those reported for experimental vectors already available. Among the approaches described previously, toxic vectors based on the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene play a prominent role. These vectors exert their effect only indirectly by causing the conversion of a prodrug to a toxic product. In contrast, we aimed to generate toxic vectors that are directly toxic to the cells they transduce, without the need for prodrug administration. Furthermore, we intended to develop vectors with the strongest possible toxic potential that should be applicable to a broad range of cancer cells. Therefore we chose a system delivering toxic genes under the control of a strong and non-tissue-specific promoter such as the CMV promoter, while tissue specificity is supposed to be conferred by a target cell-specific capsid.
To face the challenge of cytotoxicity in vector-producing cells, we propose a novel strategy for production of toxic AAV vectors based on transcriptional repression of toxic genes. While we demonstrate that the system is functional, we recognize that its contribution is limited in the context of genes coding for proteins as potent as diphtheria toxin A, which can be considerably toxic even in minute quantities [
Broadening the spectrum of toxic vectors is desirable as it provides the option to choose the most efficient mechanism of cell killing depending on the target cells. For instance, the above-mentioned HSV-
Our data suggest that the toxic vectors described here may be further developed for targeted therapy. While transgene expression in cells other than the actual target may be tolerated in other fields, specificity is paramount in cancer therapy. AAV capsid modifications can improve the transduction efficiency for a target cell type of interest, but in some instances this may lead to increased transduction of other tissues as well [
Vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) are promising for cancer-directed cytotoxic gene transfer. We produced novel AAV vectors carrying the genes coding for diphtheria toxin A and the pro-apoptotic PUMA protein and demonstrated that these novel vectors can be used to efficiently kill a broad range of tumor cells, both in receptor-targeted and native capsid contexts. Taken together, the vector production and application system presented here broaden the spectrum of tools available for cytotoxic cancer gene therapy based on AAV vectors. The cloning and production system provides excellent versatility in exchanging promotors, transgenes and capsid specificity for certain target cells and will therefore be of great possible value in a broad range of applications in cytotoxic gene therapy.
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant TR448/5-3) as well as the Wilhelm-Sander Stiftung (grant 2005.114.1). HEK293T cells were used with kind permission of David Baltimore, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. We thank Matthew Weitzman (The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA) for providing the pXX2 and pXX6 plasmids, Jürgen Kleinschmidt (German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany) for providing the pTRUFluc and pTRUF-CMVegfp plasmids and Christoph Borner (Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Germany) for providing the pEF PUMA plasmid.
Functionality of transcriptional regulation by the Tet repressor/Tet operator system in the context of the novel construct pAAVTetO2. Analysis of luciferase activity in 293T T-REx cells stably expressing the Tet repressor after transfection with the firefly luciferase gene under the control of the tet operator (pAAVTetO2-luc). Luciferase activity in cells transfected with a construct without tet operator control (pTRUFluc) is shown for comparison. The data are mean values ± SD from two independent experiments, each done in triplicates.


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Coco Brings the Heat to the Meatpacking District (PHOTOS)
Will Coco ever cease to enchant and delight us with her presence? We certainly hope not.
The wife of Ice-T and entertaining entity in her own right was spotted on a shopping trip in New York's Meatpacking District on Thursday. And while, quite frankly, we're stumped as to what the girl who has everything could possibly be shopping for, we're just grateful that she made an appearance.
Click through the photo gallery to witness Coco on her shopping excursion. And make sure to hit up Celebuzz's Booty Call With Coco page for all things Coco-related.


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The state Department of Transportation plan to try to replace dwindling gas tax revenue with additional tolling ability will be part of the department's agency bill when it emerges, a committee heard Tuesday.
TALLAHASSEE | The state Department of Transportation plan to try to replace dwindling gas tax revenue with additional tolling ability, particularly for express lanes, will be part of the department's agency bill when it emerges, a committee heard Tuesday.
The DOT's omnibus agency bill, containing much of its legislative agenda, won't likely be filed until the deadline for filing bills, the first day of the legislative session in January, to allow for changes to be made without having to do it in the formal committee process through amendments. But the House Transportation and Highway Safety Committee held a workshop Tuesday on what's likely to be in the bill.
While much of the measure will deal with ports, one of the most high profile parts of the bill is expected to give the agency the ability to levy tolls on new lanes added to state highways, or for new infrastructure such as bridges.
The DOT has said for several months that it envisions additional tolling authority as a major part of its solution to the drop in gas tax revenue that the state has seen. That drop is blamed in large part on the increasing fuel efficiency of vehicles.
Several observers have also noted that in the current anti-tax atmosphere – Republican leaders in the House and Senate, and Gov. Rick Scott, are all stridently opposed to raising any taxes — increasing the tax rates on gasoline to make up for reduced usage is unlikely.
With much of the state's transportation infrastructure depending on gas tax revenue, the state would face a need to reduce its construction and maintenance without some sort of alternative source of money.
"The current way of (relying mostly on) taxes for roads is unsustainable," said Rep. Jeff Brandes, R-St. Petersburg, who will carry the DOT bill. "Gas tax collections are dropping, yet our infrastructure needs continue to grow ….To the extent we don't do this, we will have to either go and raise gas taxes or find another source of revenue."
Transportation Secretary Ananth Prasad, who has pushed for the additional tolling authority, has said that DOT only plans to pursue tolls on new roads or bridges, or new lanes, particularly express lanes that would be added to roadways, giving drivers a choice to pay a toll to take a lane that might be congestion free. State transportation officials also say that new express lanes benefit even those who don't use them, by reducing congestion in other lanes from which express lane users are removed.
Tolling roads, though, has been controversial. A plan to build a new partial ring highway in the Jacksonville area has drawn some opponents because officials plan to pay for it with tolls. Jacksonville voters in the late 1980s rejected tolls on local bridges, voting instead to pay for them with a new half cent sales tax. But at the time, much of the objection to the tolls was said to be the lines that formed at toll booths. Most new toll roads would likely involve automatic tolling through SunPass-type devices or license plate photos, state officials have said, thus removing lines from toll plazas.


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Egyptian president rebuffs demands to delay constitution vote
By Jeffrey Fleishman Los Angeles Times
Published: December 9, 2012 8:18 pm
Unrest • Morsi gives military authority to arrest protesters.
This is an archived article that was published on sltrib.com in 2012, and information in the article may be outdated. It is provided only for personal research purposes and may not be reprinted.
This article cannot be shown due to contract restrictions.
© Copyright 2017 The Salt Lake Tribune. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Compared to Americans, Canadians are stereotyped as steady and predictable.
The current GOP coalition can be stereotyped quite simply as the Medicare/Social Security retiree.
Also, independents are stereotyped as social liberals and fiscal conservatives.
We too have been stereotyped and portrayed in the media in such a way that it has affected how people interact with us.
Opening the carefully folded paper he read its stereotyped phrasing, all of which is too serious to be herein repeated.
The speeches were impromptu; the characters and rôles were stereotyped.
Grandma Ridge in her best black gown, with her stereotyped cat-smile, sat near by in a corner.
Instead of stimulating it checked, instead of expanding it stereotyped.
This incident is stereotyped in the ballads and occurs in an example in the Romaic.
It was generally considered impromptu, but was, in truth, as stereotyped as the other.
1798, "method of printing from a plate," from French stéréotype (adj.) "printing by means of a solid plate of type," from Greek stereos "solid" (see sterile) + French type "type." Noun meaning "a stereotype plate" is from 1817. Meaning "image perpetuated without change" is first recorded 1850, from the verb in this sense, which is from 1819. Meaning "preconceived and oversimplified notion of characteristics typical of a person or group" is recorded from 1922. Stereotypical is attested from 1949.
A too-simple and therefore distorted image of a group, such as "Football players are stupid" or "The English are cold and unfriendly people."
A generalization, usually exaggerated or oversimplified and often offensive, that is used to describe or distinguish a group.


text: Kristine Bellino [ Ilion Man Arrested After Breaking Store Window During Fight By Kristine Bellino October 24, 2013 A fight with another person may have led to a storefront window being broken by an Ilion man. Read More Category: Utica-Rome News Tags: ilion, ilion police, oliver callaghan Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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'A Milli' Producer Says He Hasn't Received Royalties
Just last month, producer Jim Jonsin filed a lawsuit against Cash Money Records, claiming that he has not received any royalties for composing Lil Wayne's 2008 Grammy-winning single 'Lollipop.' Now, Atlanta producer Shondrae "Bangladesh" Crawford — who is embroiled in his own royalty suit with Cash Money — says that this should come as no surprise, since the label has earned itself a reputation for skipping out on payments.
Bangladesh told Vibe that he is currently suing Cash Money Records for an estimated $500K since he has not received any royalty payments for composing the track 'A Milli' from Lil Wayne's 'Tha Carter III' album, which also took home a Grammy. The outraged producer said that fans shouldn't expect to see him working with Lil Wayne in the future, since he hasn't been paid what he is owed. "I don't F— with [Lil Wayne]…and you can print that," he said. "Cash Money don't pay royalties. 'Tha Carter III' [is] his biggest album probably because of 'A Milli.' But you have to sue these guys so that they pay up."
The renowned producer says that he is not the first, and likely not the last victim that Cash Money Records will default on payments. "It's [Wayne and Baby's] responsibility to pay [me] because all the money from album sales goes to Cash Money. I get checks from Sony for Beyonce, checks from different labels for different artists, it just comes to you. You don't have to call them, sue them and all that junk," he said. "This is what you're owed."
Bangladesh explained that Wayne never offered him so much as a "thank you" for creating 'A Milli' but eventually went on to admit, that the New Orleans rapper wasn't directly to blame for the financial confusion. "This is why Manny Fresh don't f— with [Cash Money] because he never got any royalty money. That's why Baby can go around flaunting this cash, because that's everyone else's money… It's not even Wayne. Wayne is not getting money. He is given money, he's not getting money," he said, adding that Wayne allegedly launched his Young Money imprint in order to gain financial independence.
"That's why he have his own company, because he was trying to leave Cash Money and the only thing that would keep him there was [if they] gave him his own thing. But Baby still controls that. All those Young Money artists don't even know that they not getting royalty money."


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Publisher's description: Hermeneutic Chaos is a critically acclaimed journal that seeks to present the finest poetry and prose without beseeching any to compromise on its excellence by conforming to a particular normative literary style. It is an endeavor to showcase all that art is capable of, from the humble nonchalant to the vehement procrastinated profundity. It will publish poetic and prosaic interpretations of human sensations as they alchemize the humdrum wallflowers into spirited animations.
We look for beautifully handcrafted semantic mindscapes which provoke secluded emotions to emerge and clash with words with all their infinite capacities, making them perspire. We wish to witness the manner in which the absence finds its presence by wringing the silence. All this, however, with a certain aesthetic humility.
We welcome you to explore and participate in the engendering and raising the wonder that is the word-a bare whisper caressing the light on the bosom of a chartreuse tinted leaf, a fragile dew drop sheepishly marveling its masterpiece on the grass tips, or a distant chirp which befriends a lonely seashell lying on the shore.


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The recently approved project at 291 Evandale Ave. off Whisman Boulevard would displace 250 mostly low-income tenants to make room for relatively pricy condos. According to one nonprofit housing developer, it would be reasonable to expect the property owners to clear $14 million if all the condos sold for at least $500,000 each.
On the other hand, the same source, who asked not to be identified, told the Voice the project might never get off the ground if the cost of construction materials continues to rise. In the year after Hurricane Katrina, construction material costs rose roughly 30 percent.
The Evandale project developer, Sal Teresi, could not be reached for comment, and architect Salvatore Caruso declined to comment for this story.
At a City Council hearing in December to re-zone the site, Caruso said the project's 1,100-square-foot units are expected to sell between $500,000 and $600,000, but that a final price has yet to be determined.
It is estimated that the total cost of all expenses in the project, including construction and in-lieu fees — paid to the city in return for not including below-market-rate units in the project — will be no more than $400,000 a unit. Part of that is the estimated cost of the land for the complex, which is $75,000 per unit, or $10.8 million.
But in the risky development business, profits are hard to estimate, said Mark Hirth, project manager for Toll Brothers, the developer working on Mountain View's massive Mayfield Mall project at Central Expressway and San Antonio Road.
"If a developer works real hard he will make money when times are good," Hirth said. "He might lose money when times are bad, though that's not always the case."
He added that the condo market is noticeably slower today than previously.
"I wouldn't describe it as hot. Everything has cooled down quite a bit over the last couple of years," he said. The market has its ups and downs, he said, and "every down cycle has developers losing money" because they "guessed wrong."
Hirth said that besides eventual profit, developers must consider a project's "rate of return," or how fast units will sell. In a "fast market" developers will not need as high of a profit margin, while in a slow market — which may be on the horizon — a developer will seek a higher profit.
According to the anonymousVoice source, most developers shoot for a 15 to 20 percent profit. The $14 million for Evandale equals a 20 percent profit if the units are sold for $500,000.
The estimates on construction and land costs are based on trends in the condo market. The source also noted the slowing condo market.
"The market is very weak," the source said. "The first thing that drops is condos. It would be interesting to see if they will actually be able to go forward. The cost of construction is going up dramatically because of world competition for materials."
Mayor Nick Galiotto has noted that the project is the largest example of low-income tenants being displaced in recent memory. In December, the council decided to look into using some of the $2.16 million in BMR housing fees generated by the project to help pay to relocate tenants in the existing 64-unit SummerHill complex. Developer Teresi is offering a $500 relocation allowance to tenants, along with free last month's rent, full deposit refund, subscription to a rental guide and bilingual advice on renting. Current rents there are in the $900- to $1,200-a-month range for two- and three-bedroom apartments.
Advocates of affordable housing say they would like to see the developer provide a better tenant-relocation package than is currently being offered. They also say using city BMR housing dollars for relocation is giving the developer a "free ride."
"Such a profit margin suggests that the developer could easily afford reasonable relocation expenses to displaced residents," said Roy Hayter, an affordable-housing advocate based in Mountain View. "If council were to require this appropriate and logical approach, they would give a clear demonstration of sympathy for the low-income residents of Evandale, while not giving a subsidy to this and potentially to other similar conversions of apartments into condos."
High density zoning for the project has been approved by council members, but another public hearing will be held this year, during which a more precise plan will come before the council.


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- About SEAS
- Academics
- Faculty & Research
- News & Events
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- Make a Gift
- Learn how your gift supports innovative teaching and cutting-edge research at SEAS.
David Clarke
Gordon McKay Professor of Materials
Areas: Electronic and Magnetic Systems and Devices; Materials Science; Optics, Electromagnetics, and Light-Matter Interactions
David Clarke pursues three primary areas of research: high temperature materials, including thermal barrier coatings; materials for electronics and MEMS devices; and electrical and piezoelectric properties of ceramics.
The research includes the development and application of novel sensor for measuring stress and temperature with a focus on optical based methods.
He received his Ph.D. in Physics from Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, England and B.Sc. (First Class Honors) in Applied Sciences from the University of Sussex, England.
Prior to his appointment at Harvard, Clarke was a Professor of Materials at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
He also served as Senior Manager of the Materials Department at IBM Research Division in Yorktown Heights, New York; an Associate Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and had appointments at Rockwell International Science Center and the University of California, Berkeley.
Clarke has been involved in many different materials research and development programs, contributing to ceramics, metals, composites and semiconductors, as well as introducing new approaches for studying the interrelations between microstructure and properties.
He is author or co-author of more than 350 papers, holder of 6 patents, and a member of the National Academy of Engineering.


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Reihaneh Jalalian
My Lost City - Poem by Reihaneh Jalalian
Here I can smell the tears of the clouds
Here the pitter-patter of rain is too loud
Here the wind blows from my lost city
Here the rainbow smiles like a baby
Here the window, the heavens, the love, the air, and the moon is amazing
Here the first bloom of spring is smiling
No one can see my tears, yes my eyes are weepy
I know my God is so near, yes I am not sleepy
Here every droplet of rain is dancing
Here every star is shining
Here my heart beats much faster
Here my eyes are wet but much nicer
Here the gloom is not ghastly
Here the moon is much shiny
Here the trees are not much lame
Here the flowers are not the same
Here the wind calls my name
Here the sun says my aim
Here the footprints show my way
The way to my lost city
Here the wind blows from my lost city...
Comments about My Lost City by Reihaneh Jalalian
Ahmad Shiddiqi (11/13/2008 7:26:00 PM)
amazing! I like your style! keep writing! could you read and comment on my poems too, specially the new ones? Thank you. (Report) Reply
Joseph Poewhit (11/13/2008 4:07:00 PM)
Read this poem in other languages
This poem has not been translated into any other language yet.
I would like to translate this poem »
Reihaneh Jalalian's Other Poems
Famous Poems
Phenomenal Woman
Maya Angelou
Still I Rise
Maya Angelou
The Road Not Taken
Robert Frost
If You Forget Me
Pablo Neruda
Langston Hughes
Annabel Lee
Edgar Allan Poe
Caged Bird
Maya Angelou
Rudyard Kipling
Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening
Robert Frost
A Dream Within A Dream
Edgar Allan Poe


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'Great preseason, 6-2 start, blah blah blah. I have seen it before from this franchise. They can start out like gangbusters and fade, or they can sleepwalk till January and then turn it on in March. Either way it ends up being a fast trip to the golf course in early April.'
The Sabres Report - November 3, 2005


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Large Textured Knit Cushion in Spring Green
Product Description
A soft and tactile knitted cushion made in the UK using a hand-powered domestic knitting machine. Each design is carefully assembled with every textural detail created by hand to achieve the luxurious, high-quality finish. The removable cover features a discreet button closure.
Additional Information
|Cover: Machine Washable Merino Blend 100% Pure New Wool, Filling: 100% British Wool
|0.7 kg
|15 x 50 x 50 cm
Since launching in the summer of 2012 Nnuroj (pronounced /nərɔɪ/ or 'nuh-roy') has received a warm welcome to the design world. The latest range of knitted soft furnishings includes modular beanbags stackable floor cushions and quirky blankets. British based Norwegian designer/maker Jorunn Hustoft specialises in knitted textiles and works from her studio near the seaside in Brighton UK. All her products are manufactured using a hand-powered domestic knitting machine. Every textural detail is created by hand to achieve the luxurious high-quality finish. The modernisation of traditional crafts techniques is a central theme within the development of her designs. Inspired by lace making upholstery and the ways that wool can benefit our living environment her main concerns during the design process are to create pieces that are unique durable and sustainable.
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Results 1 to 4 of 4
Thread: Healthy food during pregnancy
19th May 2015 08:24 PM #1
- Join Date
- May 2015
- Posts
- 6
Healthy food during pregnancy
I am worried of what to eat or not to eat when I get pregnant with my second child. I'd really love to have a healthy pregnancy. I know it would start with my eating habits. I am overweight now, I wonder what I should or should not eat so I can have a healthy baby. Please help me.
17th June 2015 08:48 PM #2
- Join Date
- Feb 2015
- Posts
- 44
It is very important to eat good food during pregnancy. Add whole grains, eggs, beans, salmon, berries and low fat yogurt. Check this link for the benefits of eating those foods http://www.webmd.com/baby/features/m...oods-pregnancy
30th June 2015 11:26 PM #3
- Join Date
- May 2015
- Posts
- 34
In Pregnancy, there is need of lots of care.
Fresh fruits, vegetables, fresh juice, egg, fish, Red berry, black carrot don't forget to have nuts.
Eat after every 1 - 1/2 hour. Go for walk it is very healthy.
And also you have to take calcium which is very essential for your health. Take milk, it contain calcium.
The best food advised is Dates as it contains every thing you want. Wash Dates and boil them in milk for 10 Min's, best recommend food by Doctors.


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Leo Chan Model
Jessica L StewartModel Female Buffalo, New York, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/jalexis
Mayhem # 1022381
About Me
Welcome! I am Jessica Alexis from the Buffalo, NY/Niagara area. I began modeling when I was 18, and have been getting more involved with it lately. I am always trying to update and expand my portfolio, and work with new people. I'm open minded when it comes to shoots, so if you have an idea let me know!
***NOT interested in nudes/implied etc. Just don't ask please.
Have you worked with Jessica L Stewart? Add Credits for Jessica L Stewart! >>
Leo Chan Model
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NMOphoto Photographer
Durban Tog Photographer
City Lights Studio Photographer
Doris MayDay Model
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With a brand new cast set to take the stage, season 13 of "Dancing With the Stars" is set to make its grand premiere later night (September 19).
The new class of "Dancing With the Stars" contestants is gearing up for a fierce season of competition, and they've just been paired with their pro dancing partners.
And it looks like the celebrities will be in good hands as they work to develop their dance floor skills over the coming weeks.
It's a perennial favorite of television viewing audiences, and "Dancing With the Stars" has just announced the cast for the upcoming Season 13.
The big news broke during a break from "The Bachelor Pad," with Tom Bergeron and Brooke Burke unveiling the fabulous list of names.
They're always up to something, and Courteney Cox and David Arquette's latest creation is a brand new game show.
The "Cougar Town" chick and the "Ready to Rumble" stud came up with "Identity Crisis" and sold the pilot to CBS.
Making a rare public appearance together, Courteney Cox and David Arquette were spotted at The Roosevelt in Hollywood last night (June 1).
The former "Friends" babe and her estranged hubby also hit up Beacher's Madhouse where David was presenting the show.
Making the most of the beautiful holiday weather, Courteney Cox and David Arquette were spotted visiting a friend's home in Malibu, California yesterday (April 24).
The "Cougar Town" chick and her estranged hubby looked to be enjoying each other's company, and David felt free to express himself with a campy straw hat and a polka-dotted bow tie.
Stepping out for a night honoring herself and her co-stars, Courteney Cox attended "An Evening with Cougar Town," presented by The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences at Hollywood's Leonard H. Goldenson Theatre yesterday (April 20).
The 46-year-old brunette took to the red carpet in a simple yet chic white dress, gold watch and black strappy heels for the swanky soiree.


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Top Security System Brands & Manufacturers
These are the brands you should looking for when buying a home security system
About Our Security System Equipment Manufacturer Reviews
Learn why our experts offer information about the types of equipment used in combination with home monitoring
Here are some frequently asked questions about security equipment manufacturer reviews:
We review security system brands because it will ultimately help you know what you're getting with your new home security system package. Each home security system company uses different home security system brands. The brand the company uses can affect security system quality, performance and durability. Ultimately, you want brand name home security systems that will work the way they're supposed to and are long lasting. Security system equipment manufacturers also play a role in the rankings of the best alarm system companies, so we felt it was necessary to include this on our site.
Stress the importance of a quality security equipment manufacturerThere is a reason that quality is always better than quantity. Another reason we feature the best security system brands is because we want to make sure you get a quality security system. If your door sensor malfunctions or your Control Panel dies within a short time of buying your security system we wouldn't call that quality. Brand name home security systems will last a very long time and will ensure your home is protected when you need it most.
Lastly, home security system brands have little to no effect on the price of the best security systems so it doesn't hurt to do your research. Taking a little extra time to research security system brands now can and will save you a lot of time and money down the road.
Help consumers know what equipment brands to look forThere are tons of home security system brands out there. However, there are only a few that we truly recommend when it comes to keeping your home and family safe. The top alarm system companies on SecuritySystemReviews.com use the best security system brands. We feature these brands on our site so you can familiarize yourself with them. This should help you in determining which home security system company is right for you.
Not only can researching security system brands help familiarize you with the different manufacturers out there but you'll have a better idea of which security system companies use the best security system brands. We certainly take home security system brands in to account when doing our reviews. So you should take them in account when doing your research.
Show differences between the best security system equipment brandsThe best security system brands do have a few differences. Some may be wireless security systems while some may be hard wired security systems. Some may be better for cellular monitoring while some may be better for phone line monitoring. In the end it's always best to know everything you can about the home security system you're purchasing. This includes security system brands used by the top home security companies.
Incorporated in to our security system reviews are the best security system brands. This is mainly because the best home security system companies use the best security system brands. You can rest assured you're getting top of the line equipment. But like we said it's always good to know everything you can when doing your research.
Just like our home security system reviews we only list a few security system brands. This is because these are the best security system brands out there today. In fact, these are the home security system brands we would recommend over any other brands. Ultimately there are only a few really good security system brands in the marketplace today. Brand name home security systems include GE, Honeywell and 2Gig! among a few others.
Only a few security system equipment manufacturers create quality productsGetting a quality product with quality service is the name of the game in home security. We would never recommend poor security system brands to you. This is why we focus on quality that comes from only from the best security system brands around. Without quality home security brands installed in your home you may be leaving it susceptible and not as protected as you think. We make sure to focus on the best security system brands on our site and in our security system reviews.
Our experts recommend only the best security system equipment brandsOnly the best home security system companies use the best security system brands. This is part of the reason that many of the security system brands featured on SecuritySystemReviews.com are used by the top security system companies in our rankings. Brand name home security systems can greatly reduce problems down the road and make intermittent support from your home security system company that much easier. Our experts only recommend trusted security system brands.
Lastly, we incorporate security system brands in to our home security system reviews. Our experts took equipment in to consideration and found that the best home security system companies normally use the best security system brands. It's definitely not by accident. By reading our home security system reviews you'll find that home security system brands go hand in hand with the top home security system companies.
Comments (3)
GE Security System Equipment -May 22, 2013, 1:06 am
I currently own some GE Security equipment sensors and Control Panel. Do you know if I can use this system with any of the security companies listed on your website? I think what I have is the GE simon system but I am not sure of the model. I have had it for about three years I believe. Does anyone else have this issue?
SecurityNut -May 22, 2013, 8:12 pm
Hello! Thanks for visiting Security System Reviews. There are several security companies listed here that use GE wireless security equipment. The two main companies are FrontPoint Security and Protect America. Both of these companies should be able to utilize your current GE wireless sensors. You may need a new Control Panel, but the sensors should be fine. If you contact one of these companies I would let them know you already have sensors. You may also get a better deal or be able to add to your system for little to no cost since you already have some of the components. Your best bet is to call the companies.
Good luck!
Vivint Security Equipment -July 8, 2013, 5:54 pm
is the 2Gig security system equipment able to be installed as a DIY security system? I have heard mixed things on this with some saying it needs to be professionally installed while others have said it is DIY. Could you shed some light on this, or has anyone else had experience with this? Thanks, Tim.


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You miss the point they do it on regular Switched Ethernet
Just the cheapest switches, and clients are not seeing each other.
I really cannot change from m0n0wall, I am already using it for more than 2
years, and my clients are satisfied with fascinating easy web interface,
I might migrate to pfsense, but nothing really much there, I look to
m0n0wall as the slandered for me all what I need is in one small image,
In other way, I believe there will be a solution or semi-solution on
It will come in time.
Thanks for being patient with me.
Best regards
Mohammed Ismail
-----Original Message-----
From: Lee Sharp [mailto:leesharp at hal dash pc dot org]
Sent: Friday, May 01, 2009 6:42 AM
To: m0n0wall at lists dot m0n0 dot ch
Subject: Re: [m0n0wall] Anti netcut (was Re: [m0n0wall] m0n0wall 1.3b17)
Mohammed Ismail wrote:
> I am talking about wired clients.
> Thanks for your state full answers and for the tips.
> After all convenient answers that I cannot really tell that they are
> because of my little knowledge. But there will be a question
> How do they do it in other systems?
> How about miktrotik?
> And there is another system an Egyptian Guy developed it that prevents
> NetCut-Switchsniffer-Winarp Spoofer
> And I actually saw some servers working on those systems here in
> It even detects what I am doing.
By using vlan capable switches and access points and keeping each user
in a separate vlan. (Not cheap) As each is it's own entire network,
there is no one to spoof. And as the router is essentially spoofing
whatever IP you spit at it, it sees traffic outside the subnet. While
this works for hotels, it is useless for an office network where you
need to communicate with other systems, servers, and printers.
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