text:
Focus on Economic Data: U.S. Real Gross Domestic Product, April 30, 2008
This lesson focuses on the April 30, 2008, advance estimates of Real Gross Domestic Product (Real GDP) for the first quarter, 2008, produced by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The current data and historical data are explained. The meaning of GDP and potential impacts of changes of GDP are explored. This Focus on Economic Data will also raise questions about the potential for a recession in the United States in 2008.
The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) announcement, April 30, 2008: GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: FIRST QUARTER 2008 (ADVANCE)
'Real gross domestic product: the output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States, increased at an annual rate of 0.6 percent in the first quarter of 2008, according to advance estimates released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the fourth quarter, real GDP also increased 0.6 percent.
The Bureau emphasized that the first-quarter 'advance' estimates are based on source data that are incomplete or subject to further revision by the source agency. The first-quarter 'preliminary' estimates, based on more comprehensive data, will be released on May 29, 2008.
The increase in real GDP in the first quarter primarily reflected positive contributions from personal consumption expenditures (PCE) for services, private inventory investment, exports of goods and services, and federal government spending that were partly offset by negative contributions from residential fixed investment and PCE for durable goods. Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, increased.
The increase in real GDP is the same as in the fourth quarter, reflecting an upturn in inventory investment that was offset by an upturn in imports, and downturns in nonresidential structures, in PCE for durable goods, and in PCE for nondurable goods.
Final sales of computers contributed 0.12 percentage point to the first-quarter growth in real GDP after contributing 0.16 percentage point to the fourth-quarter growth. Motor vehicle output subtracted 0.30 percentage point from the first-quarter growth in real GDP after subtracting 0.86 percentage point from the fourth-quarter growth.'
What is the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)?
'BEA is an agency of the Department of Commerce. Along with the Census Bureau and STAT-USA, BEA is part of the Department's Economics and Statistics Administration.
BEA produces economic accounts statistics that enable government and business decision-makers, researchers, and the American public to follow and understand the performance of the Nation's economy. To do this, BEA collects source data, conducts research and analysis, develops and implements estimation methodologies, and disseminates statistics to the public.'
Source: www.bea.gov/about/mission.htm
In this lesson you will learn:
- Review the April 30, 2008, BEA report on real gross domestic product (Real GDP) and determine the recent and historical rates of growth of the U.S. economy.
- Determine the difference between nominal, real and per capita measurements of gross domestic product.
- Identify the components of the measurement real gross domestic product.
- Speculate on the meaning of the recent GDP growth rate of the U.S. economy to individuals and groups.
U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of Economic Analysis: April 30, 2008: The announcement:
'Real gross domestic product: the output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States, increased at an annual rate of 0.6 percent in the first quarter of 2008, according to advance estimates released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the fourth quarter, real GDP also increased 0.6 percent.
The Bureau emphasized that the first-quarter 'advance' estimates are based on source data that are incomplete or subject to further revision by the source agency. The first-quarter 'preliminary' estimates, based on more comprehensive data, will be released on May 29, 2008.
The increase in real GDP in the first quarter primarily reflected positive contributions from personal consumption expenditures (PCE) for services, private inventory investment, exports of goods and services, and federal government spending that were partly offset by negative contributions from residential fixed investment and PCE for durable goods. Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, increased.
The increase in real GDP is the same as in the fourth quarter, reflecting an upturn in inventory investment that was offset by an upturn in imports, and downturns in nonresidential structures, in PCE for durable goods, and in PCE for nondurable goods.
Final sales of computers contributed 0.12 percentage point to the first-quarter growth in real GDP after contributing 0.16 percentage point to the fourth-quarter growth. Motor vehicle output subtracted 0.30 percentage point from the first-quarter growth in real GDP after subtracting 0.86 percentage point from the fourth-quarter growth.'
Measuring the Nation's Output
Gross National Product (GNP) vs. Gross Domestic Product(GDP)
GNP measures the total value of goods and services produced by workers from a country regardless of where they produce them. GNP includes such items as corporate profits that multinational firms earn in overseas markets. If an American firm operates a plant in Mexico, the firm's profits are included in the U.S. GNP.
In comparison, GDP measures the total amount of goods and services that are produced within a country's borders. The production of the American company's plant in Mexico is included in Mexico's GDP.
Current-dollar or Nominal GDP in the First Quarter or 2008
Current-dollar or Nominal GDP, the market value of the nation's output of goods and services, increased 3.2 percent, or $111.0 billion, in the first quarter to a level of $14,185.2 billion.
Real or Chained GDP in the First Quarter or 2008
Real GDP, adjusted for the effect of inflation increased 0.6 percent in the first quarter to a level of $11,693.1 billion. This figure is 'chained' to 2000 dollars to counter the effects of inflation in the price level.
How is GDP Measured?
Is the economy growing? How fast is the economy growing? Is it speeding up or slowing down?
The Bureau of Economic Analysis produces the national income and product accounts (NIPAs), several measurements of the growth of the economy. The primary measurement is gross domestic product (GDP), which measures the value of the goods and services produced by the U.S. economy in a given time period. It is one of the most comprehensive and closely watched economic statistics.
What does the BEA measure?
'GDP includes market production and some non-market production. GDP is composed of goods and services that are produced for sale in the 'market,' the generic term referring to the forum for economic transactions, and of nonmarket goods and services, those that are not sold in the market, such as the goods and services provided by the governments, services provided by nonprofit institutions serving households and housing services provided by and for persons who own and live in their home.
Not all productive activity is included in GDP. Some activities, such as the care of one's own children, unpaid volunteer work for charities, or illegal or black-market activities, are not included because they are difficult to accurately measure and value.' (Source: BEA)
Market Prices
'Whenever possible, GDP is valued at market prices. The NIPAs value market goods and services using prices set by the market. Using market values also facilitates the analysis of the impacts on the economy of events such as the implementation of government programs or the occurrence of natural disasters.
In some cases, market prices do not fully reflect the value of a good or service, and may include some types of services where an actual exchange has not occurred. In these cases, the value of the good or service produced is "imputed" from similar market transactions. Examples of imputed measures in the NIPAs include the value of compensation-in-kind (such as meals provided by employers) and the value of owner-occupied housing.' (Source: BEA)
Current Production
GDP is a measure of current production, not sales. In the NIPAs, output measures when a good or service is produced, not when that good or service is sold. For example, an automaker may produce a car in one period and sell it in a later period. In the first period, the production of the car is recorded in GDP as an addition to inventories, a component of investment. In the later period, the sale of the car is recorded as a consumer expenditure and is offset by the withdrawal of the car from inventory.
Final Goods and Services
GDP includes the value of 'final' goods and services only. In the measurement of GDP, final products are those that are consumed and not used in a later stage of production, those that are sold to foreign residents, those that are durable goods and structures used to produce other goods and last more than a year, and those that may be inventoried for future consumption.
When considering the production process for the entire economy, intermediate products, that is, goods and services that are later used as inputs in the production process are excluded, so that the measure of output is not duplicated in the total.
Methods of Measurement
GDP can be measured in three different ways.
First, GDP can be measured as the sum of expenditures, or purchases, by final users. This is known as the expenditures approach, illustrated by the formula GDP = C+I+G+X-M (Consumption + Investment + Government spending + eXports – iMports) and is used to identify the final goods and services purchased by persons, businesses, governments, and foreigners.
U.S. GDP First Quarter 2008 (Current Dollars, Annual Rate)
+ C (Consumption) $10,046.9 (billions)
+ I (Investment) $2,050.8
+ G (Government) $1.799.2
+ X (Exports) $2,824.7
- M (Imports) $2,536.5
|*Rounding difference = .1
Second, because the market price of a final good or service will reflect all of the incomes earned and costs incurred in production, GDP can also be measured as the sum of these charges. This is known as the income approach and is used to examine the purchasing power of households and the financial status of business income.
Third, GDP can also be measured either as total sales less the value of intermediate inputs or as the sum of the "value added" at each stage of the production process. The value-added approach to measuring GDP is central to the U.S. industry accounts and is used to analyze the industrial composition of U.S. outputs.
Output produced in the United States
GDP is a measure of the goods and services produced by labor and property located within the United States (50 states and the District of Columbia). GDP includes the output of U.S. offices or establishments of foreign companies located in the United States, and it excludes the output of foreign offices or establishments of U.S. companies located outside the United States.
GDP is a 'Gross' Measurement
GDP reflects production in a given time period, regardless of whether that production is used for immediate consumption, for investment in new fixed assets or inventories, or for replacing depreciated fixed assets. Economic depreciation, or the consumption of fixed capital (CFC), is a measure of the capital needed to cover the aging, wear and tear, accidental damage, and obsolescence of existing fixed assets.
Net Domestic Product
Subtracting CFC from GDP leaves 'net domestic product.' Net domestic product is a measure that indicates how much of the nation's output is available for consumption or for adding to the nation's wealth.
Want More Detailed Information?
The Bureau of Economic Analysis publishes an online guide to 'Measuring the Economy: A Primer on GDP and the National Income and Product Accounts: www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipa_primer.pdf .
What happens to the measurement of real GDP during a quarter?
The April 30, 2008, BEA announcement referred to the 'advance' estimate of real GDP. The BEA online guide refers to the revisions as 'advance' estimates, based on source data that are incomplete or subject to further revision by the source agency, are released near the end of the first month after the end of the quarter; as more detailed and more comprehensive data become available, 'preliminary' and 'final' estimates are released near the end of the second and third months, respectively. The 'latest' estimates reflect the results of both annual and comprehensive revisions.
The components used to determine GDP include:
- Personal Consumption (C): Durable and nondurable goods, services
- Investment Spending (I): Nonresidential, residential, and business inventories
- Government Expenditures (G): Defense, highways, schools, etc.
Net Exports (X): Exports are added to GDP. Imports are subtracted from GDP
Formula: GDP = C + I + G + X
Real Per Capita GDP
The meaning of GDP may be more meaningful when expressed relative to nation's population, called Real Per Capita GDP. China, for instance has a large GDP compared to most nations. But, when China's GDP is expressed 'per capita,' it is much smaller than many nations.
For example, the U.S. GDP of $14,185 billion provides about $45,600 per capita (per person). China has a GDP of $2.7 billion, which is only about $2,500 per capital. When viewed only as a total number, GDP have a very different meaning than when measured per person. China's GDP is approximately 19 percent of the U.S. GDP. China's per capital GDP is only 5.5 percent of U.S. per capita GDP.
The chart below shows the nominal and real per capital GDP's of the United States, the European Union, Japan and China. Notice the relationship of nominal GDP to per capital GDP. China, for instance has a large GDP compared to other developing nations. But, when China's GDP is expressed 'per capita,' it is much smaller than many nations. While China's nominal GDP growth is increasing relative to the U.S., it's real per capita GDP as a measure of standard of living may not be as significant.
GDP, Selected Nations (millions), Reported by the World Bank, 2006
Nominal GDP Nominal GDP per capita
|United States
|European Union
|World Total
GDP Data Trends
Following the 2001 recession, growth in real GDP increased by 1.6 percent in 2002, 2.5 percent in 2003, and 3.6 percent in 2004. The annual rate of growth decreased slightly to 3.1 percent in 2005 and 2.9 percent in 2006. Growth in the first quarter of 2007 was very slow, but increased over the next two quarters to 3.8 and 4.9 percent. The 0.6 percent rate of growth in the fourth quarter of 2007 and the first quarter of 2008 is the lowest since the fourth quarter of 2002.
The reports of the rates of growth over the last twelve months have been erratic, from slightly less than one percent in the first-quarter to 4.9 percent in the third quarter. 2007 ended with the slowest growth of any twelve-month period since 2002-2003. Figure 1 illustrates recent changes in US real GDP growth, 1990-2008.
What sectors of the economy are growing?
According to the April 30, 2008, BEA report:
Real personal consumption expenditures increased 1.0 percent in the first quarter, compared with an increase of 2.3 percent in the fourth. Durable goods decreased 6.1 percent, in contrast to an increase of 2.0 percent. Nondurable goods decreased 1.3 percent, in contrast to an increase of 1.2 percent. Services increased 3.4 percent, compared with an increase of 2.8 percent.
Real nonresidential fixed investment decreased 2.5 percent in the first quarter, in contrast to an increase of 6.0 percent in the fourth. Nonresidential structures decreased 6.2 percent, in contrast to an increase of 12.4 percent. Equipment and software decreased 0.7 percent, in contrast to an increase of 3.1 percent. Real residential fixed investment decreased 26.7 percent, compared with a decrease of 25.2 percent.
Real exports of goods and services increased 5.5 percent in the first quarter, compared with an increase of 6.5 percent in the fourth. Real imports of goods and services increased 2.5 percent, in contrast to a decrease of 1.4 percent.
Real federal government consumption expenditures and gross investment increased 4.6 percent in the first quarter, compared with an increase of 0.5 percent in the fourth. National defense increased 6.0 percent, in contrast to a decrease of 0.5 percent. Nondefense increased 1.8 percent, compared with an increase of 2.8 percent. Real state and local government consumption expenditures and gross investment increased 0.5 percent, compared with an increase of 2.8 percent.
The real change in private inventories added 0.81 percentage point to the first-quarter change in real GDP after subtracting 1.79 percentage points from the fourth-quarter change. Private businesses increased inventories $1.8 billion in the first quarter, following a decrease of $18.3 billion in the fourth and an increase of $30.6 billion in the third.
Real final sales of domestic product -- GDP less change in private inventories -- decreased 0.2 percent in the first quarter, in contrast to an increase of 2.4 percent in the fourth.'
Why are Changes in Real Gross Domestic Product Important?
The measurement of the production of goods and services produced each year permits us to evaluate our monetary and fiscal policies, our investment and saving patterns, the quality of our technological advances, and our material well-being. Changes in real GDP per capita provide our best measures of changes in our material standards of living.
While rates of inflation and unemployment and changes in our income distribution provide us additional measures of the successes and weaknesses of our economy, none is a more important indicator of our economy's health than rates of change in real GDP.
Changes in real GDP are discussed in the press and on the nightly news after every monthly announcement of the latest quarter's data or revision. This current increase in real GDP will be discussed in news reports as a positive sign of the strength of the current economy.
Real GDP trends are prominently included in discussions of potential slowdowns and economic booms. They are featured in many discussions of trends in stock prices. Economic commentators use decreases in real GDP as indicators of recessions. A popular definition of a recession is at least two consecutive quarters of declining real GDP.
Long-term Trends
Economic growth, as measured by average annual changes in real GDP, was 4.4 percent in the 1960s. Average rates of growth decreased during the 1970s (3.3%), the 1980s (3.0%), and the first half of the 1990s (2.2%). In the last five years of the 1990s, the rate of growth in real UGDP increased to 3.8 percent, with the last three years of the 1990s being at or over 4.1 percent per year. Growth slowed in the beginning of the 2000s, but rebounded and averaged 3.5 percent on an annual basis. for the 2003 through 2006 period. The rate of growth declined in 2007.
The upward trend in economic growth over the past decade has been accompanied by increases in the rates of growth of consumption spending, investment spending, and exports. Productivity increases, expansions in the labor force, decreases in unemployment, and increases in the amount of capital have allowed real GDP to grow at the faster rates. Figure 2 shows the history of growth since the 1970s. Figure 2 also shows the average annual rate of growth of 3.1 percent since 1970. Note the recent downturn in the growth rate.
The longer run rate of growth of 3.1 percent has most recently been caused by a one percent increase in the number of people working and about a two percent increase in productivity of each worker. During the periods prior to the 1990s, the productivity increase contribution was slightly less than two percent and the labor force growth part slightly higher than one percent.
What is the relationship between GDP and Unemployment?
Full employment real GDP
Economists define the approximate unemployment rate, at which there are not upward or downward pressures on wages and price, as full employment rate of unemployment. If unemployment falls to level below the full employment rate, there will be upward pressure on wages and prices. If unemployment rises to a very high rate, there will downward pressure on wages and prices or wages and prices will remain steady. In the middle is a level, or more likely a range, where there is not pressure on wages and prices to rise or fall.
The level of real GDP that can be produced at that rate of unemployment is described at the full employment level of real GDP. Sometimes it is described as the potential level of real GDP. It is the highest level that an economy can produce at any given time without causing significant inflation.
The potential output or potential gross domestic product of a nation is the highest level of real GDP output that can be achieved with the nation's productive resources. One constraint on output is the level of employment. If the nation's economy is at its full potential, the unemployment rate is the NAIRU or the 'natural rate of unemployment.' Unemployment above this natural level will reduce output.
The relationship of unemployment and GDP growth is often identified by the statistical relationship known as 'Okun's law.' Developed by economist Arthur Okun in 1962, the 'law' relates a decrease in the unemployment rate to increases in output growth and an increase in the unemployment rate to a decrease in output.
Professor Okun theorized that a 1 percentage point decline in the unemployment rate was, on average, associated with additional output growth of about 3 percentage points. Okun's law is now commonly stated that a 1 percentage point decrease in the unemployment rate means additional output growth of about 2 percent.
Look at past and watch for the future EconEdLink lessons on employment and GDP to track this relationship.
How can we stimulate growth?
Economic Policy Options
There are two type of policies government can use to stimulate the economy (or slow it down). Policy actions to stimulate growth are referred to a 'expansionary' policies. Policy actions to slow the economy are referred to a 'contractionary' policies.
Monetary Policies
Monetary policies are those that influence the supply of money or interest rates in the economy. These policies are tools of the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve determines policies through the Federal Open Marker Committee (FOMC). The FOMC consists of twelve members--the seven members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; and four of the remaining eleven Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.
The FOMC holds eight regularly scheduled meetings per year. At these meetings, the Committee reviews economic and financial conditions, determines the appropriate stance of monetary policy, and assesses the risks to its long-run goals of price stability and sustainable economic growth.
Open Market Operations- the buying or selling of government securities in the 'open market.'
Discount Rate- the interest rate charged by the Federal Reserve Banks to member banks.
Reserve Requirements- The percentage of deposits banks must keep on reserve in their vaults or in accounts in the federal Reserve Banks. A banks ability to make loans is increases when it has more excess reserves.
A Note on the Federal Funds Rate
In the news, you will read that the Federal Reserve has set a target for the federal funds rate or desired quantity of reserves.
Using its monetary policy tools, the Federal Reserve can influence the demand and supply of balances that depository institutions hold at Federal Reserve Banks. This will alter the federal funds rate. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions lend balances at the Federal Reserve to other depository institutions overnight.
Changes in the federal funds rate affect other short-term interest rates, foreign exchange rates, long-term interest rates, the amount of money and credit, and, ultimately, a range of economic variables, including employment, output, and prices of goods and services.
Fiscal Policies
Fiscal policies are the use of government revenues (spending or taxes) to expand or contract the economy.
Spending- The Federal government can increase spending to stimulate the economy or decrease spending to slow it down.*
Taxes- The federal government can increase taxes to slow the economy or decrease taxes to stimulate the economy.
What Can be done?
In a time when the economy is slow, the Federal Reserve can:
- Buy securities to expand the money supply
- Lower the discount rate to increase banks' excess reserves
- Decrease reserve requirements to increase banks' excess reserves
The federal government can:
- Spend more money to increase aggregate demand and create jobs
- Lower taxes to leave more money in the hands of people or businesses to spend
* This is the intent of the tax rebate passed by Congress in early 2008
A Recession in 2008?
Real GDP trends are prominently included in discussions of potential slowdowns and economic booms. They are featured in many discussions of trends in stock prices. Economic commentators use decreases in real GDP as indicators of recessions. A popular definition of a recession is at least two consecutive quarters of declining real GDP.
The National Bureau of Economic Research Business Cycle Dating Committee determines and reports on U.S. business cycles. The NBER identifies the dates of peaks and troughs that identify economic recessions or expansions.
The NBER defines a recession as 'a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales. A recession begins just after the economy reaches a peak of activity and ends as the economy reaches its trough. Between trough and peak, the economy is in an expansion. Expansion is the normal state of the economy; most recessions are brief and they have been rare in recent decades.'
To identify trends, the NBER committee looks closely at two monthly measures of economic activity:
Personal income less transfer payments, in real term, employment. In addition, the committee looks at two indicators of manufacturing and goods:
Industrial production, the volume of sales of the manufacturing and wholesale-retail sectors adjusted for price changes.
How Can We Increase Economic Growth Over Time?
Economic growth is a function of the technological innovation and the amount and quality of labor and capital in the economy.
As more people are employed, the amount of capital increases, education levels increase, the quality of capital changes, or the technology increases, the productive capacity of the economy increases. Therefore, the economy can increase its output giving consumers more disposable income, promoting an increase in consumption spending, and providing resources for business to use for further investment and government to use to provide public goods and services.
Increased labor force participation increases output. Expanded, improved education creates more productive workers. Business and government spending on research and development enhance our abilities to produce and allow each worker to become more productive, increasing incomes for all.
To achieve a higher level of GDP in the future, consumers should limit consumption spending and increase savings, permitting businesses to invest more in capital goods. If resources are invested into building an economy now, future generations will enjoy a higher level of economic growth; our businesses will produce more goods and consumers can purchase more goods. Expansion of output at rates faster than our population growth is what gives us the opportunity to enjoy higher standards of living.
|Use the this table to complete the following questions.
|Consumption spending
|Social security payments
|Income tax receipts
|Business purchases of new factories and equipment and changes in inventories
|Federal government spending on goods and services
|Construction of new homes
|State and local spending on goods and services
|Changes in inventories
|Answer the following questions based on this economic data ($ billions).
1. Given the data ($ billions) what is the level of government spending in the calculation of GDP?
2. What is the level of investment?
3. What is the level of net exports?
4. Calculate the level of gross domestic product?
5. If GDP has increased by 4 percent and inflation is 1 percent, what has happened to real GDP?
6. If GDP increases by 5 percent and real GDP increased by 4 percent, what has happened to the average price level?
7. If productivity rise by less than real GDP, what is likely to have happened to employment? Increase? Decrease? Cannot determine?
8. If real GDP increased by 4 percent and employment increased by 3 percent, what is likely to have happened to productivity?
9. If gross domestic product increases by 10 percent over a year, are we better off? Why or why not?
10. If consumers begin to purchase automobiles manufactured abroad instead of those manufactured in the U.S., what will happen to real GDP? Will the answer be different if consumers are simply increasing their spending and those purchases are of automobiles manufactured abroad?
Go to the BEA Interactive Tables at www.bea.gov/interactive.htm
Compare the growth rate of your city, region or state with other cities, regions or states.
- What might be the reasons for regional differences?
- What characteristics of your region impact it's potential for growth?


text:
Diana Mini Camera
SKU: hp500
- The Diana Mini has big shoes to fill, being the little sister of the classic beauty Diana F+. Luckily the Mini was born a star in her own right. With the flick of a little switch you can move from the retro square format to the amazing Half-Frame, giving you the ability to Shoot Forever―packing 72 rectangular shots onto one 35mm roll of film! The Diana Mini is the ultra-compact, petite version of the Diana F+ camera. To further enhance creative possibilities, the camera includes Multiple Exposure and Long Exposure features, a tripod mount, and a cable release attachment a first for the Diana!
- Pocket-sized and ultra-compact
- Uses convenient 35mm film and standard development
- Allows you to shoot 72 rectangular half-frames or 36 square pictures on one 35mm roll!
- Multiple exposure and long exposure capabilities
- Tripod thread and cable release thread
Comes with :
- Instruction Booklet
- Diana Mini 'Shoot Forever' book
- Lens cap & Neckstrap
Blue & black plastic camera; measures 3.5 x 2.5 x 1.75".
- Item #: hp500

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tale that sparked a riot
Neil McMahon
Page Tools
NSW police talk to the family and friends of Matthew Robertson, including his mother, right, outside the Parliament Road house yesterday where Robertson's wake was held.
Photo: Kate Geraghty
Little did Jesse Kelly know when he stumbled home minutes after the car crash that killed two of his mates that police had bugged his home with a listening device and surveillance camera. His aunt, Deborah Kelly, was also unaware.
Jesse Kelly was under police surveillance as part of an investigation into another matter.
With the first of the Macquarie Fields riots already under way outside, police allege Kelly's aunt was recorded concocting the story that fuelled the next three days of violence.
Deborah Kelly, 39, is captured on tape at 3.17am, nine minutes after the February 26 accident, suggesting this story to her nephew: that a police vehicle rammed the stolen car he was driving when it crashed during a pursuit.
She allegedly said: "I was told every one of youse was gone tonight. We gunna cop it. There are huge riots out there. They are gunna cop it.
"It's not your fault, you know that. It's the coppers'. It's not your fault, Jesse, please! The coppers did this to you so it was not your fault. You remember that that they rammed you, didn't they?"
Jesse Kelly allegedly replied: "Nah. I just lost it."
She allegedly said: "I mean, I have done 260 on that corner, Jesse. There is no way you can lose it at that... The coppers' car's damaged. They hit you, it's damaged and the Ds (detectives) that were in that car vanished within five minutes and that and they just took the car away."
This false story was then adopted by Jesse Kelly, and his aunt gave it to "various wider outlets", according to a police statement to Campbelltown Local Court yesterday.
It could be regarded as a catalyst for the four days of rioting that followed, said Sergeant Troy White, prosecuting.
He was successful in opposing bail for Deborah Kelly, who is charged with attempting to pervert the course of justice and with concealing a serious indictable offence.
Kelly, who appeared before magistrate Michael Stoddart yesterday, had been like a mother to one of Jesse's friends, Matt Robertson, who was killed in the crash with a 17-year-old boy, the court heard. Robertson's wake was held yesterday at his home in Parliament Road.
Scores of police, including 10 mounted police and a water cannon, began arriving at Macquarie Fields by 5.30pm as residents started drinking on the streets.
Matt Robertson's aunt, Karen Robertson-Jackson, said last night her family still believed police had rammed the stolen car. She said Deborah Kelly had called Jamie and "told him that after the police rammed them he lost control of the car, went airborne and wrapped around the tree".
Last night Jesse Kelly was in custody after 12 days on the run. It was not clear if he surrendered to police or was arrested.
Page Tools
Our Advertisers
3 months FREE Dial-up access. Click here


text:
Virtual Agents Go from Service to Sales for Antivirus Software Maker --- VirtuOz and Kaspersky Lab Germany Team Up
Advances in natural language processing, organizations growing comfortable with the idea of using virtual agents and customers who would rather not speak with a live call center agent have together renewed interest in online virtual agent technology.
But for Kaspersky Lab's European operation, the new interest in virtual agents is about more than simply using online avatars to deflect calls -- they're actually helping make sales.
The Russia-based antivirus and information security company is using a virtual agent from VirtuOz named Lena. Lena began on the customer service side of business, but the organization quickly saw some opportunity in sales. Read more>>>


text: Downton Abbey series four: first picture of Lady Mary and baby George Michelle Dockery appears in an official photo from the new series Comments Written By Susanna Lazarus 10:35 AM, 04 March 2013 The last we saw of the Crawley family was poor Matthew's tragic demise on a country roadside, leaving behind his wife Mary with their newborn child. It certainly did not make for cheerful festive viewing as the nation mourned Dan Stevens' departure over their Christmas turkeys. But with a new year comes a new start - and a new name as ITV revealed the couple's offspring has been named George, perhaps after George V who was on the throne at the time of his birth. Although, unsurprisingly, the sombre mood appears to have extended into 2013, with the first shot from Downton Abbey series four featuring a glum-looking Lady M. Dressed in her black mourning attire and holding in her arms the heir to the Crawley family fortune, the new widow's sorrowful stance sets the tone for what is likely to be a fairly downbeat beginning to the run of new episodes. In contrast, baby George is sporting a rather fetching sailor outfit, but - for the time being - his face remains a mystery to viewers. Following his birth during the feature-length Christmas Day episode, George is aged six months as Julian Fellowes picks up his plot half a year after Matthew's death. Filming is currently under way at Highclere Castle and Ealing Studios, for broadcast on ITV later this year. Like this? Share it. Facebook Twitter Google Tumblr Pinterest Blogger Reddit VKontakt Print Email


text:
Minerva's Tower Socks by Corrina Ferguson
Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 18 projects made from this pattern and much more? create a free account What am I missing?
Minerva's Tower Socks
This pattern is available for $6.00 USD buy it now
"The owl of Minerva spreads its wings only with the falling dusk" - GWF Hegel
The owl is a symbol of wisdom, and in Roman mythology the owl belongs to Minerva. This cable & lace combination looks like stacked owls with little faces and curved horns formed from the yarnovers and the cables.
Worked magic loop style from the cuff down, this sock is presented in written and charted instructions. It has a slip stitch heel, and a drawn up toe. Loosely based on a stitch pattern from the Walker books, this motif has a real wow factor to it. To see it best, work it up in semi-solid or solid yarn!


text:
TCU Game to Kick Off at 2:30 p.m.
TCU Game to Kick Off at 2:30 p.m.
MANHATTAN, Kan. - Kansas State's November 16 game against TCU at Bill Snyder Family Stadium is slated for a 2:30 p.m., kickoff and will be televised by FSN, the Big 12 Conference and FOX announced Monday.
It marks the fourth-straight afternoon home game as the Horned Frogs will make their first trip to Manhattan as a member of the Big 12 and the first overall since 1985. The series is tied at 3-3 after K-State snapped a three-game losing streak in the series with a 23-10 victory in Fort Worth last season.
Scattered singles and standing-room only tickets remain available for the contest against TCU for $65. Fans may purchase tickets online at www.k-statesports.com/tickets, by phone at 1-800-221-CATS or in person at the ticket office inside Bramlage Coliseum. Another capacity crowd is expected as K-State is currently riding a streak of 11 straight sellouts dating back to last season.
K-State (4-4, 2-3 Big 12) will travel to Lubbock, Texas, this Saturday to face No. 23 Texas Tech (7-2, 4-2 Big 12) in an 11 a.m., contest at Jones AT&T Stadium. The game will be televised by ABC, while coverage from the K-State Sports Network begins at 9 a.m.


text:
Daily Nauru99 Report
NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN
Previous <- 7/15/99 -> Next
Time:1535 Local, 0335 Z
Visual Observations:Another very pleasant day -- mostly sunny with multi-layered, spase clouds. Bands of showers have been in the region all day, but none passed overhead. Winds are light.
Notable Events and Anecdotes:We made fresh water beginning at 5 a.m., while lidars were turned off and broken down for shipping. Scott Smith took his PRP to Nauru for air freight to Hawaii; he packed the PRP at ARCS as well. We completed a very successful 24-hour period of circumnavigations of Nauru at 1 km off the beach, 2 hours each circuit. We planned the downwind aerosol plume characterization experiment, 6 p.m. today through 9 a.m. tomorrow. We also planned numerous operations of ship's cranes for tomoorow p.m., in preparation for transit to Kwajalein. We learned today that check-in at Kwajalein airport is required at least 4.5 hours prior to flight time, in order to ensure (even confirmed) seats are not sold to standby passengers or given to overbooked passengers. This requirement makes the schedule for off-loading gear (after fueling) on Kwajalein very tight on July 19.
Instrument Status:Lidars are down, except for DABUL which will operate until tomorrow. PSU sun photometer is down and packed, as is PRP. Cloud radar will be turned off for packing tonight. Aerosol sensors will be turned off tomorrow at 9 a.m.. Remaining radiation instruments will run until at least sunset tomorrow.
Reporters and cameramen from the Naeoru Bulletin (native spelling) on the 03 deck of RHB, with M.J. Post and Capt. Parsons.
Nauru 99 |
Updated: June 1999


text:
On 02/09/2010 08:46 AM, Jeroen Vermeulen wrote: >> This sounds like a really nice to have feature. Maybe it'd also be >> possible to skip replanning between executes if the current bound >> values are 'indexwise-equivalent' to the values used at previous >> planning, i.e. nothing in the statistics indicates that execution >> cost would be (much) different. Are there more ways to cut down on >> planning time? Obviously some plannedstatement/plannerinfo structures >> could be kept, but maybe it'd also be possible to plan only that part >> of the join tree where the params are used in a scan/join qual. > > I think we should be careful not to over-think this. Planning isn't > *that* costly, so apply Amdahl's Law liberally. I'm proposing some > easy things we could do without adding much overhead or maintenance > burden; I've been assuming that getting intimate with the planner > would risk those advantages. In a current commercial app we have that uses JDBC and prepared plans for just about everything, it regularly ends up with execution times of 30+ milliseconds when a complete plan + execute would take less than 1 millisecond. PostgreSQL planning is pretty fast. In terms of not over thinking things - I think I would even prefer an option that said "always re-plan prepared statements" as a starting point. If it happened to become smarter over time, such that it would have invalidation criteria that would trigger a re-plan, that would be awesome, but in terms of what would help me *today* - being able to convert prepared plans into just a means to use place holders would help me today on certain real applications in production use right now. Cheers, mark -- Mark Mielke<mark(at)mielke(dot)cc>
Next: From: Kevin Grittner Date: 2010-02-09 15:32:26 Subject: Re: About psycopg2 (by its author) Previous: From: Richard Huxton Date: 2010-02-09 14:45:57 Subject: Re: Avoiding bad prepared-statement plans.


text:
Col. Bruce Hampton and the Pharaoh Gummit
Pisgah Brewing Company
Saturday, August 11, 2012 from 8:00 PM to 11:45 PM (EDT)
Col. Bruce Hampton has been making music since he formed his first band in 1963. The Colonel has been in constant motion ever since leaving a trail of memorable live performances with his many bands, including The Late Bronze Age and Col. Bruce Hampton and The Aquarium Rescue Unit.
Along the way he appeared in the movie "Sling Blade" as poet and band manager Morris and starred in Mike Gordon's cult classic "Outside Out" as a mystical guitar 'out'structor.
Still rolling down the road, Col. Bruce continues his quest for the tonal center at each exit #6.
"The music is sheer genius - it's jazz, but The Colonel's too smart to call it that - plus it's a lot of other things, such as blues and, most of all, fun." -- Stanley Booth - liner notes "One Ruined Life"
"Hampton's formula is that he surrounds himself with extraordinary musicians, gives them a strong framework with which to play and then sets them loose." -- Scott Freeman - Creative Loafing Magazine
"Music involving vocalist/guitarist Col. Bruce Hampton is likely to go in as many unpredictable directions as a conversation with him." -- Bill Meredith - Jazziz Magazine
"Over the years he served as a conduit for avant-garde interpretations of jazz and bluegrass and blues, the pure forms of American music thrown into a blender and poured into a steaming chalice of strangeness." -- Tom Speed - Honest Tune Magazine
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


text:
Apple Announces iPod touch with Wi-Fi
- Apple Announces iPod touch with Wi-Fi
- more ipod changes
- apple and starbucks
starbucks buffs will be pleased to know that apple now has a partnership with the coffee chain to let users see, listen to, and download any music that has been playing in the store they are in.
"we love starbucks. its an incredible phenomenon in our culture," jobs said. "we want to be able to combine our great ipods and our love of music with their great coffee and their love of music."
once you get near a starbucks, a starbucks logo will appear in the itunes wi-fi music store via the company's t-mobile wi-fi network. clicking that logo will pull up featured starbucks cds and playlists. free itunes access to starbucks music will be available not only on the iphone but also the ipod touch, the mac, and the pc. this does not mean, however, that you can browse the internet on that same wi-fi connection for free.
"over the last three to five years, we've gotten serious about the music business as well," said howard schultz, founder and chairman of starbucks. "our customer base gives us licensing to extend the brand beyond coffee."
the itunes access roll-out will begin october 2 in new york and seattle. it will continue in november in san francisco with 150 additional stores, continuing in los angeles in early 2008, and chicago in march.
"approximately 25 percent of our stores will be done by then and we'll spend the rest of 2008 to cover the major metropolitan areas and continue in small cities through 2009," schultz said.
jobs concluded the press conference by showcasing his bright and shiny new line of consumer media devices.
"this is what we're going into the holiday season with," jobs said. "we are ready!"
the event concluded with a performance by special musical guest kt tunstall.
|Full Apple Product Coverage


text:
Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 4/4/2014 (1202 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
Recently my son and wife celebrated their birthdays at a time when they're most beloved team was in the area. After two seasons back in the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks would finally make a stop (two stops actually) in Winnipeg in 2014.
My son is a rabid Canucks fan and now my wife has fallen for Ryan Kessler. Amazing, she's the only female in all of North America other than his wife that likes him.
Anyway, with both of them celebrating a birthday close to one of their appearances in Manitoba, I tried to get tickets for our family to see the Jets and the Canucks.
As you are well aware, getting tickets to any Jets game is near impossible, even though the team has struggled and will not make the playoffs this year. Getting two seats to a game in the upper bowl started at $500 for the pair, and getting four in a row was impossible. So in looking for two in the lower bowl the best I could do was $900.
I was reminded of the first Jets game David and I went to, and how some of the young guys were bragging about flying to Phoenix Arizona, where ticket prices average $40 USD. Along with golfing and catching some rays, they still paid less than what tickets cost in Winnipeg.
Flights from Brandon to Calgary are not what they are from Grand Forks to Phoenix — however Calgary Flames tickets were amazingly affordable. Next up, why not try Minneapolis?
Not only were the Canucks in town on the week of both my wife and son's birthday, but I could actually buy tickets. And I could get four for the price of two! Better yet, I could sit almost anywhere we wanted! We got tickets right behind Vancouver's bench. I was a hero. And I had some money left over.
But it got me thinking: even though NHL hockey is back, and that's a great thing, is supply and demand for Jets tickets just too much?
Let's put this into perspective. When it comes to hockey, here are the big three (according to Forbes Magazine):
1) Toronto Maple Leafs — Avg Price: $368.60. The single most expensive ticket in the NHL this year.
2) Chicago Blackhawks — Avg Price: $313.18. This is the single most expensive ticket among the NHL's American franchises.
3) Winnipeg Jets — Avg Price: $276.69 That's if you can get them. The Jets' ticket exchange rarely has any to sell, and online ticket sellers average $300-$500 for upper deck seats. And that's DOWN!
Guess who had the most expensive ticket in the league last year? The Jets at $343.98.
Now I'm a Jets fan, and love the fact they're back. I would much rather have the team in Manitoba and have outrageous ticket prices over the alternative, and that's no team. I have and always will be a Jets fan. But what was truly amazing during this exercise was comparing the price of NHL tickets to Wheat Kings tickets.
Basically one good Jets ticket is the cost of a Wheat Kings season ticket — $425. And seniors and youth will pay much less. Is it time for the Wheaties to "take the gloves off" when it comes to its marketing for that hockey entertainment dollar?
I'll just shoot the puck into their end on that one. As for the average price of a Minnesota Wild ticket, it's $159 and they're very easy to come by. We paid less than that and sat three rows behind the visitors bench. I love the Jets, but I love balancing my family budget too. But if I'm Mark Chipman, I'm thinking "this is a good problem to have" and I agree.
Yet I find I'm starting to lose interest in the Jets. Maybe it's because they didn't make the playoffs. Maybe it's because I can't get to a game. Or maybe it's because I can't watch the games on my local cable provider. Whatever the case, I don't think they care, and business is business. Why should they?
But there are hockey fans who are loyal to teams other than the Jets. And to them I say: "Pack your bags, get some money exchanged and head south to St. Paul."
Not only was it affordable, but it was fun and fans didn't accost you to the point you had to take off the opposition team's jersey.
Remember the story of the Islanders fan who was allegedly bullied to the point he took his jersey off?
None of that in St. Paul. Sports fans travel to the Twin Cities for NFL football and Major League Baseball. Never thought about the NHL, but I do now. So if you're looking for affordable NHL fun, want to sit in good seats without a second mortgage, and get up close to your favourite NHL players, they'll welcome you with a smile in St. Paul.
A guy walks into the bar and sits down. Bartender says: "What can I get you?"
The guy says: "an Ovechkin".
The bartender says: "An Ovechkin? What's that?"
The guy says: "A White Russian. No ice. No cup."
Jody Stouffer-Michaelis
Nicole Malchuk
Stephany Scoter
Annette LeClair Williams
Cassandra Lesiuk
Danielle Davies
David Adams
Jennifer Lochhead
Taylor Skye Branconnier
Cora-Lee Reid
Travis Chastko
Chelsey Denser
Kim Simpson
Aimee Johnston
Angie Leslie
Lisa Sanregret
Ayub Hamadani
Andrew Mazer
Ryan Haverstock


text:
Name: Kaitlyn
Hometown: St, Henry, Ohio
Major: Social Work and Criminal Justice
Grad Year: 2015
Why attend MU: I decided to go to Manchester University because every college visit I took here, I felt like I was at home. Everybody is known on campus. It was also great when I sat in on a few classes and the classes were small like they were in my hometown. I knew I wanted to go to a college where I was known as Kaitlyn and not as a statistic. Being a current Manchester student, I know I definitely found the college where I belong!
Favorite thing: My favorite thing about being a Manchester student is being able to be a part of whatever I want. I am very active all over campus in the various clubs and organizations that I am involved in. Being part of these organizations, I get to meet so many people that I wouldn't get to meet if I weren't so active.
Never expected: One big thing that sticks out for me that wouldn't have been possible if I didn't go to Manchester University is going to professors houses for dinner or for a campfire. It definitely made the relations with the professors more real because you got to see their house and eat with them! Being part of a college that their professors give so much of their time to the students is so rewarding!
I found: endless possibilities! There is so much that Manchester offers and so many unique events that the university puts on, that I have gotten to experience that I know wouldn't be an option if I went to a different college!


text:
If Charlie Parker Was a Gunslinger,
There'd Be a Whole Lot of Dead Copycats
Containing Multitudes Since 2004
But Did You Read the Book? #3
Blackboard Jungle
adapted for the screen in 1955
This was posted by
Ryan Sarnowski
your thoughts:
Email This
Share to Twitter
Share to Facebook
Share to Pinterest
The series is:
But Did You Read the Book?
No comments:
Post a Comment
Newer Post
Older Post
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Japan Morning Surge-1 Study
This study has been completed.
Japan Heart Foundation
Information provided by:
Japan Heart Foundation
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: January 24, 2006
Last updated: February 1, 2006
Last verified: February 2006
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Detailed Description:
The purpose of this study is to examine whether strict blood pressure (BP) control by doxazosin using home BP monitoring, especially targeting the morning BP level, can reduce hypertensive target organ damage.
|Drug: Doxazosin (drug)
|Phase 4
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|The Effects of Controlling Morning Hypertension on Target Organ Damage With Adrenergic Blockers, Based on Self-Measured Morning Blood Pressure Readings
Resource links provided by NLM:
Drug Information available for: Doxazosin Doxazosin mesylateU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Japan Heart Foundation:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- brain natriuretic peptide and the urinary albumin excretion/creatinine ratio at 6 months
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|August 2003
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|August 2005
Morning blood pressure may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive target organ damage. Increased sympathetic nerve activity is reported to be one of the mechanisms of morning hypertension; however, there are no available data that show whether strict home blood pressure control, especially in the morning period, can reduce target organ damage.We will evaluate whether strict morning blood pressure control by sympathetic nervous system blockade using an alfa-blocker, doxazosin, and with the addition of a beta-blocker if needed, can reduce hypertensive target organ damage.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|Child, Adult, Senior
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Morning systolic blood pressure >135 mmHg in a sitting position at home while on stable antihypertensive medication for at least 3 months
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of heart failure
- Presence of orthostatic hypotension, dementia, malignancy and chronic inflammatory disease
- Taking an alfa-blocker or beta-blocker
- Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00285519
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00285519
|Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
|Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan, 329-0498
Sponsors and Collaborators
Japan Heart Foundation
|Study Chair:
|Kazuomi Kario, MD, PhD
|Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
More Information
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
Keywords provided by Japan Heart Foundation:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on July 21, 2017
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00285519 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|January 24, 2006
|Last Updated:
|February 1, 2006
Keywords provided by Japan Heart Foundation:
Morning hypertension
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Vascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases
Antihypertensive Agents
Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists
Adrenergic Antagonists
Adrenergic Agents
Neurotransmitter Agents
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Physiological Effects of Drugs
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on July 21, 2017


text:
Photographs can be highly complex structures. To obtain detailed information on identification, deterioration, use, and treatment, it is best to consult the readings listed for photographs.
Photographic prints and negatives can be composed of a number of layers, including a support, binder (or emulsion), and an image-forming component.
The support may be glass, metal, paper, or plastic. Photographic prints have a paper support; resin-coated (RC) prints are coated on both sides with polyethylene to facilitate processing.
The binder is an adhesive-like material that suspends and protects the image. The most common 19th-century binders are albumen (egg white) and collodion (guncotton). Gelatin is the most common 20th-century binder.
Silver is the major image material for black and white photographs, while color dyes make up modern color photographs, prevalent since the 1940s. Negatives have been made from glass, nitrate, acetate, and now polyester.
Condition ConcernsPhotographic materials are highly susceptible to deterioration caused by handling, the environment (temperature, relative humidity, light, atmospheric pollutants), and poor-quality storage enclosures. Gelatin binders are particularly susceptible to attack from mold and insects.
Controlling light, relative humidity, and temperature has the greatest impact in preserving photographic materials. In particular, cold storage slows the deterioration of film and color materials.
Specifications for storage enclosures outline the purity of materials required for photographic materials; suitable enclosures are those capable of passing the Photographic Activity Test (PAT). A proper environment, suitable enclosures, and conservation practices must be used to maintain collections in good condition.
Diagnostic TestsA-D Strips (available from Image Permanence Institute; http://www.rit.edu/~661www1/) provide a safe, simple method for detecting, measuring, and recording the severity of "vinegar syndrome" in acetate photographic film collections. Vinegar syndrome is a slow form of chemical deterioration that causes the film to shrink, buckle, and emit a strong vinegar odor. A-D Strips are acid-base indicator papers that change color in the presence of the acidic vapor given off by degrading film. This provides an objective way to document the extent of vinegar syndrome and helps in deciding when acetate cinema film, microfilm, or pictorial film needs to be duplicated.
Relevant readingsAmerican National Standards Institute. ANSI Standards. [http://www.ansi.org].
Disaster Recovery. Salvaging Photograph Collections. [http://www.ccaha.org].
Fischer, Monique, and Andrew Robb. 1993. "Guidelines for Care and Identification of Film-Base Photographic Materials." [http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byauth/fischer/fischer1.html].
Roosa, M. Preservation Packet: Care, Handling and Storage of Photographs. International Federation of Library Associations, 1992.
Image Permanence Institute. 1993. IPI Storage Guide for Acetate Film. Rochester, NY.
Image Permanence Institute. IPI Storage Guide for Color Photographic Materials. Albany: University of the State of New York.
Ogden, Sherelyn, ed. Preservation of Library and Archival Materials: A Manual. [http://www.nedcc.org].
Reilly, James M. 1986. Care and Identification of 19th-Century Photographic Prints. Rochester, NY: Eastman Kodak Company.
Ritzenthaler, Mary Lynn. 1993. Preserving Archives and Manuscripts. SAA Archival Fundamentals Series. Chicago: Society of American Archivists.
|Home | Assessment | Contents | Glossary | Vendors | FAQ | Downloads
|© 2005 Cornell University Library | Acknowledgements | Feedback
|Support for this tutorial comes from the National Endowment for the Humanities


text:
bool addItem (ParentItemClass * item) instead of 6 functions (that is 6 untill you think of adding another item subtype). (I may, of course, misinterpret your intentions).
bool addItem (ParentItemClass * item). The Weapon, Armor and Consumable all inherit from the item class but the only thing all these inherits in the
std::string itemName. If I were to do something like
Item* item and set it equal to my
new Armor(values) then it would only add the name of the item to my Inventory, however, i also need the attributes of that item. There may be better ways to implement this, but that was the only thing I can think of at the time. Please give me suggestions to improve my classes, it would be grateful.
foo(std::string) instead of
foo(const std::string &)) and much more interesting static code checks.


text:
OpenNIC DNS
Having trouble with the DNS server on your ISP or at your office? Need a reliable backup DNS server? Try one of the OpenNIC public access servers (instructions).
3 comments:
- Pere said...
hi there :) could you update the link http://opennicproject.org/en/ without the en/ part please?
- September 28, 2008 at 10:44 AM
- Richard said...
Thanks, good idea. Done.
- September 28, 2008 at 10:49 AM
- Richard said...
Someone wrote:
Can you update on this blog on this page : http://kasperowski.com/2008/01/opennic-dns.html
http://opennic.jdcomputers.com.au/VolunteerHosts and http://www.opennicproject.org/en/client_setup.html
-> http://www.opennicproject.org/migrate
Thanks for the update. Done!
- August 28, 2009 at 3:40 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Natasha Cuylear (`12) and Daniel Snyder (`12), co-managing editors of the Tribal Law Journal, welcome new members to the 2011-2012 staff of the online publication.
The Tribal Law Journal promotes indigenous self-determination by facilitating discussion of the internal law of the world's indigenous nations. The internal law of indigenous nations encompasses traditional law, western law adopted by indigenous nations and a blend of western and indigenous law. Contributors include native peoples, practitioners and law students. Journal content includes, but is not limited to, tribal court case comments, reflections on tribal systems, the development of tribal law, the value of tribal law, interviews and teachings.
Since the Tribal Law Journal's inception, the journal has become the premier indigenous law journal in the United States and is one of the few international legal journal sources dedicated to indigenous and tribal law.
Tribal Law Journal Editorial Board and Staff (2011-2012)
Editorial Board
August 23, 2011


text:
Orientation - Friday, September 1
Don't Miss:
- Individual Meetings with Your Adviser, 8:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m., Adviser's Office
- Online Course Registration, 11:00 am, McCabe Library or Online
- Be Well, Be Safe, and Just Breathe: Living Well in College, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., LPAC
- Alcohol, Other Drugs & Healthy Planning for your Future, 7:00 - 8:30 p.m., LPAC
7:30 - 9:30 a.m. Breakfast (Sharples Dining Hall)
8:00 - 11:00 a.m. Individual Meetings with Academic Advisers (Adviser's Office)
Scheduled individual meetings with academic advisers.
9:00 - 11:00 a.m. Greek and Latin Placement advising (Trotter 111)
Stop by to talk with Prof. Jeremy Lefkowitz about your background in the language and to identify an appropriate course.
10:00 - 10:45 a.m. Transfer Student Session (Lang Center for Civic and Social Engagement)
11:00 a.m. - 12 noon Online Course Registration (McCabe Computer labs or on your own networked computer)
Student Academic Mentors (SAMs) will be stationed in dorms and at public computers across campus to provide assistance in registering for classes.
11:30 a.m. - 1:30 p.m. Lunch (Sharples Dining Hall)
1:00 - 3:00 p.m. Campus Tours (half-hour sessions) (Meet in Parrish First Floor Shane Lounge)
Tours leave Shane Lounge on the hour, approximately. Join a tour to learn about places you may not have visited yet on campus - including the Lang Center, Writing Center, Career Services and Public Safety. As part of the tour, you will get your Class of 2021 t-shirt. You may attend any tour time that fits in your schedule. If you have not yet gone on the tour this week, please join a tour today. There will be dorm-based groups encouraged to take the tours this afternoon from the following dorms: 1 p.m. - Willets, Alice Paul, David Kemp, Mertz. 2 p.m. - Mary Lyon, Dana, Hallowell, Dwell, Parrish, Wharton.
1:00 - 3:00 p.m. Library Orientation (half-hour sessions)
1:00 - 3:00 p.m Chill out on the Beach (Parrish Beach)
Hang out on Parrish beach with some fun games and snack and music
1:45 - 2:45 p.m. Jummah Prayer with Muslim Student Association (Upper Tarble, 312)
Join the Muslim Student Association for Friday prayer. All are welcome.
1:45 - 2:30 p.m. Hindu Puja (Bond Hall, Common Worship Room, Second Floor)
3:00 - 4:00 p.m. Be Well, Be Safe, and Just Breathe: Living Well in College (LPAC)
Physical, intellectual, mental, sexual, and spiritual health are critical components to your overall well-being as a student and as a person. And it can be hard to ask for help. Join Student Health and Wellness Services, the Athletic Department, Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS), Office of Student Engagement (OSE), Religious and Spiritual Life, and Public Safety to learn about the prevention, education, and response programs they offer to all students and how you can ask for help on your journey to living well.
4:00 p.m. Field Hockey vs. Widener
Root on the Field Hockey team and visit the Clothier Fields
4:30 - 6:30 p.m. Dinner (Sharples Dining Hall)
5:00 - 6:45 p.m. Shabbat Services with Swarthmore Kehilah (Bond Hall)
Enjoy Shabbat with a brief nondenominational service and songs. Dinner will follow at 6:00 pm. All backgrounds welcome.
7:00 - 8:30 p.m. Alcohol, Other Drugs & Healthy Planning for your Future (LPAC)
College offers many new experiences, some of which may include exposure to alcohol and other drugs (AOD). This interactive discussion will provide a follow-up to the Campus Clarity online course "Think About It," while offering additional information to help students define their boundaries for future success.
8:45 - 9:45 p.m. Community Reflection (Locations TBA)
Guided discussions will be facilitated by returning students.
10:00 p.m. - 12:00 Midnight. Open Mic Night (Sharples Patio – Rain Location: Upper Tarble)
Come listen to your fellow Swatties showcase their talents while you enjoy some coffee and tasty treats!


text:
Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 4/2/2014 (1266 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
Last year was a busy one for businesses in Fort Rouge, with new stores and restaurants opening up and the expansion of existing ones.
The redevelopment of Shoppers Drug Mart has completely changed the face of Osborne Village, and Little Sister Coffee Maker has been a welcome addition to the number of popular neighbourhood coffee shops. Construction is well underway at the old Papa George's location, and we are anxiously waiting for the new Grove restaurant to open later this year.
Last year was also a year of celebration for various community institutions in Fort Rouge. Celebrations marked the 30th anniversary of the Gas Station Arts Centre and the 90th anniversary of the Holy Rosary Roman Catholic Church.
I know that 2014 is going to be another exciting year.
Earl Grey School will be celebrating its 100th anniversary this year. To mark the occasion, their Parent Advisory Council has embarked on a school beautification project to upgrade the outside of the school. Phase one was completed in 2013 and included upgraded brickwork, new trees and shrubs and the construction of limestone planters. The school is currently working to begin phase two, which will feature an outdoor, amphitheatre-style classroom.
École LaVérendrye's new gym will not only be a great asset to the school but will also serve our community. Especially in such cold weather, gyms provide much needed leisure space for after-school activities and help keep our children active. Credit goes to École LaVérendrye's parent council for their incredible fundraising efforts and dedication to the project.
Excitement is also brewing at Fort Rouge Co-op Day Nursery, where they plan to have their outdoor nature-based playground completed this coming summer.
Folks in Mayfair are watching with interest as construction progresses on their new recreation centre. When completed, it will provide a much-needed community space for kids and families to learn, grow and play together.
These new developments continue to blend in with the historic charm of our neighbourhood. They will be an important part of life in Fort Rouge, adding to what is already a vibrant and diverse community—one I am proud to represent in the legislature.
If you would like to know more about any of these exciting developments in Fort Rouge, you can always contact my office at 204-946-2072 or at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
OSA finds home in Center for Student Life
New centralized location allows for greater connections
May 03, 2013
|Ken Brill and Katey Bignall are bustling with enthusiasm as OSA settles into its new space.
Well before the August 2013 opening of the Center for Student Life (CSL), the building's fourth floor began to come to life. Lined up between the updated Brew by the Slough on the south side and a new library instruction room with striking views to the north, a number of resources support student learning and daily life on this residential campus.
These include relocated offices for the Reading/Writing Center and Multicultural Services, a new International Student Services office (formerly part of International and Off-Campus Programs) and a new setting for the Office of Student Activities.
OSA may have taken the greatest leap forward — its previous headquarters were an old two-story house in a neighborhood on the edge of campus. But now OSA is prominently located along the CSL concourse that will connect the current library building with the new fourth-floor addition.
Directed by Ken Brill '82 with assistance from Katey Bignall, the award-winning OSA is home to Augustana's Greek Life; Multicultural Programming Board and Student Life Programming Board (with 14 committees between them); nearly 200 student clubs and interest groups; a new independent and international film series — and much more.
Austin Zarbuck '14 is co-chair of the Live on Campus committee, and next year will be the executive director for the Student Life Programming Board. He has talked with friends at large universities and sees a big difference in student involvement.
"Because of our small size, more students attend events," he said — and not just percentages, but actual numbers.
Spirituality Co-chair Matt Mordini '13 agreed. "Also, we have a well-funded, busy and active student activities office. We might have six or seven events in just one weekend."
|From left, Michelle Egan, Shannon Slick and Tempris Daniels work in the new OSA office.
OSA's new space reflects the variety and extent of the students' work: an expansive front desk and waiting area; a "collaboration room" with TV and white board; a kitchen (used for Summer and Fall Connection orientation events, outdoor concerts, Fields of Faith field trips, Late Nights, and other events that need ice cream or barbecue); a computer lab; a marketing room; several meeting rooms and offices; and storage for a range of items, from bingo supplies to OSA Snuggies.
Assistant Director Katey Bignall appreciates the new centralized location. "It's nice to partner with the other offices here, and also be more accessible to them," she said. "And if someone comes looking for the Reading/Writing Center, they can find out about us, too.
"The student population uses the library," she said. "This is where they are — and it's good to meet them where they are."
Building leaders
The larger space gives OSA students more freedom, and with that comes more responsibility. In part, this connection can explain the award-winning program's ability to develop strong leadership skills in students.
Augustana's Greek Life system is one example. Bignall oversees our 14 Greek chapters, and she described how Augustana's Greek Life is different from the systems at other schools.
Did you know?
According to the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, Augustana students' socially responsible leadership gains were 80% larger than the average gains among students from similar institutions.
Our students also reported a statistically significant higher level of co-curricular involvement than students at similar institutions during both the freshman and senior years.
"Being a local community, we don't have the national pressures about dues, housing — all the kinds of things that can pull students and administrators back and forth," she explained.
"They have more freedom here — for example, they can switch their main service from United Way to the blood drive, or anything else," she said. "It gives it more meaning for them, and more responsibility. It works well for our community, and that's important."
Director of Student Activities Ken Brill sums up what makes Augustana's program stand out: "We have high expectations, coupled with autonomy," he said. "Holding people accountable is important."
One particularly strong leadership program has been in place at Augustana for more than 20 years: EMERGE for first-year students. Experiential in nature and constantly energized by students' new ideas, Brill said, "It just works. Students love it."
Comprising about 120 students, or 20 percent of the first-year class, EMERGE is divided into 12 groups, with peer leaders connected to areas on campus such as the arts, sciences, athletics, underrepresented students, etc. The program is constantly evolving.
As a follow-up to EMERGE, OSA is developing a new program to continue a student's leadership development through the senior year. The newly named OSA Leadership Academy has four tiers: bronze (EMERGE), silver, gold and platinum. Led by Brill but created almost entirely by students, the Leadership Academy is customized to Augustana's particular brand of leadership development throughout four years on campus.
"We're excited," Brill admits. "It's going to be the next big thing."
On to the next big thing
Doug Peters '13 is an outgoing co-executive director of the OSA Executive Board, vice president of fraternities on Greek Council Executive Board, and a program assistant — one of "the go-to people" who help Brill and Bignall with anything that needs to be done.
A biology and neuroscience major, Peters claims that working in OSA has been a peak experience during his four years at Augustana. He will be entering a doctorate program in microbiology this fall, and feels the confidence and leadership skills he's gained will help him in the future.
"Organizing events for the student body, overseeing fraternities and keeping the office running smoothly and efficiently are all skills that can't be taught in the classroom," he said. "It's hard to quantify…but I feel I have become a better leader, a better speaker and a much more confident individual.
"I believe that those professionals who can take charge and get things done to the best of their abilities are often the most successful," Peters said. "Working for OSA has given me an opportunity to practice doing just that, in a way that classwork simply cannot."


text:
How do I write a critical analysis of the Poem "The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe?
- print Print
- list Cite
1 Answer
To write a critical analysis of "The Raven" or any other poem, you need to find a place to focus. Some good areas to start are theme and literary devices.
The theme of a poem is the meaning the poet wants to impart. There are different interpretations of poems, but in general the reader should find identify themes of dealing with loss, love, and isolation.
Eagerly I wished the morrow;—vainly I had sought
to borrow
From my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for
the lost Lenore—
You can find these themes in the discussion of the speaker's feelings of sadness, and the description of his feelings of loss and frustration. He sits up alone, trying to distract himself with study.
Another important element of literary analysis of a poem is identification of literary devices used in the poem. Mood is an important element of the poem, because it helps to establish the theme. The words "sorrow" and "dreary" are some of the ones used to establish the mood of lonliness. This mood is also established by repetition, another literary device where phrases are repeated for effect.


text:
Air Force Airman Dodgion
Air Force Airman Nick J. Dodgion graduated from basic military training at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. Dodgion completed an intensive eight-week program that included training in military discipline and studies, Air Force core values, physical fitness and basic warfare principles and skills. He earned four credits toward an associate in applied science degree through the Community College of the Air Force. He also earned distinction as an honor graduate.


text:
International Edition
July 23, 2017
About Us
Contact Us
200 drown as civilians flee South Sudan
By Waakhe Simon Wudu, AFP Wednesday, January 15, 2014, 12:05 am TWN
JUBA -- At least 200 South Sudanese civilians have drowned in a ferry accident while fleeing fresh fighting between government forces and rebels, the army said Tuesday.
Army spokesman Philip Aguer said the disaster occurred when the overloaded boat, packed with women and children escaping the northern oil city of Malakal, capsized in the White Nile river.
"The reports we have are of between 200 to 300 people, including women and children. The boat was overloaded," he told AFP. "They all drowned. They were fleeing the fighting that broke out again in Malakal."
Aguer said the tragedy happened on Tuesday, although local media reported it occurred overnight Sunday.
The disaster is one of the worst single incidents to have been reported from the war-torn country, which has been wracked by conflict for a month following a clash between rival army units loyal to either President Salva Kiir or his former vice president Riek Machar.
According to the United Nations, some 400,000 civilians have fled their homes over the past month, many of them escaping a wave of ethnic violence. Up to 10,000 people are believed to have been killed in the fighting, aid sources and analysts say.
The army spokesman meanwhile reported that battles were raging in several areas of the country, signaling that the government's recapture of Bentiu, another key oil city in the north, had failed to deal a knock-out blow to the rebels.
Heavy fighting was reported in Malakal, state capital of oil-producing Upper Nile state, as rebel forces staged a fresh attack to seize the town, which has already changed hands twice since the conflict began.
"There is fighting anew in and around Malakal," United Nations aid chief for South Sudan Toby Lanzer said, adding that the U.N. peacekeeping base had been swamped with almost double the number of people seeking shelter, rising from 10,000 to 19,000.
An AFP photographer who was in Malakal on Sunday said that the town was calm but that the remaining residents were huddled in the town center, too scared to return to their looted homes.
'We are marching on Bor'
Saudi Arabia 'is the biggest promoter of Islamist extremism in Britain'
Qatar publishes demands made by Arab countries
US-led airstrikes in Syria have killed nearly half a thousand civilians: monitor
The American cop who shot dead an Australian woman 'is refusing talk'
Police 'are considering manslaughter charges' over the London tower blaze
Hundreds of Catalan mayors rally in Barcelona for independence vote
Police: Williams lawfully entered intersection before fatal crash
Trump's first G-20 meet: How will 'America First' play out?
The first ever video of Korean sex slaves has been uncovered
It's speedboats and donkeys in this European cannabis war


text:
GENEALOGY-DNA-L ArchivesArchiver > GENEALOGY-DNA > 2004-07 > 1090412160
From: "DNA Heritage" <>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Dodson Group Issue
Date: Wed, 21 Jul 2004 13:16:00 +0100
Dear List,
It's necessary to add to and backup the comments made regarding the
issues around the information possible from the genetic tests that we as
genetic genealogy companies carry out.
A little intro into the Y-chromosome is first needed. As chromosomes
go, it is a lowly one. It has only 60 million bases which as
chromosomes go, is tiny. It also doesn't do a whole lot. 98% of it is
called 'junk DNA' with no known function. The rest of it does contain a
few 'genes' although it would appear that the Y-chromosome's principal
job is to act as a 'male switch', which starts a series of processes
that turns babies into males.
Genes, sections of DNA that help to produce proteins, contains a
sequence of letters a bit like a code-book. The gene that acts as the
male switch in primates is called SRY. This is a different gene to most
other mammals and in fact some mammals have dispensed with the
Y-chromosome altogether and have found other ways for throwing male
switch on.
Other genes along the Y-chromosome are mainly to do with male fertility.
You'll note that females get along perfectly well without a copy and
have done for quite some time now.
The primary test for genetic genealogy is called an STR (Short Tandem
Repeat) test. We look at small sections of the junk DNA. This junk DNA
is genetic filler and the sections we look for are special repeating
structures, where the code is repeated several times.
It is this number of repeats that you will see in a result. For
example, the marker DYS393 = 13 will have the sequence
This repeat section doesn't encode for proteins and thus isn't medically
informative (it is proteins that help our body to function correctly).
Very rarely, complete sections of the Y-chromosome will be deleted
leading to infertility problems which may include one of the markers we
analyse and thus a marker may not be detected at all, but it should be
stressed that this is very rare and will be apparent to most individuals
affected prior to testing.
An mtDNA test and looks at the DNA within our mitochondria. Cells
within our body are crammed with mitochondria - anywhere between 1,000
and 10,000 per cell - if you look at the cell under a microscope they
are quite evident as small grain-like structures. In Greek, chondros
means 'grain'.
These mitochondria are very useful and provide energy to the cell. In
fact, they weren't always present. It's thought that a billion or so
years ago a bacterium was engulfed by another cell. Usually this would
have resulted in cell-death, but it appears as though the new merger was
symbiotic - one type of cell provides the energy, the other one provides
protection from the outside - a win-win situation. Over the aeons, the
relationship is much stronger and they have shared functions.
One of the interesting things about mitochondria is that they originate
from other mitochondria, which is different from other organelles
(except for chloroplasts in plants). They also have circular DNA which
is very small, about 16,500 bases long. But within this small piece of
DNA is a bunch of genes which are very important for our bodies.
Because the mitochondria provides the energy to cells, if there is a
problem with the mitochondria the cell doesn't get enough energy and
this is usually evident in the person.
However, and this is very important, there is a large section along the
mtDNA strand called the 'non-coding region'. Again, this region does
not contain genes or encode for proteins. Thus we can safely look at
this section without looking into the medical information that the rest
of the mtDNA may hold.
The comment made by Prof. Dodson "To get maximum use of the
genealogically important information in a DNA analysis, the markers
would need to be essentially the same as those used in genetic
diagnosis." is thus incorrect.
As far as privacy goes, the test lab will only see a sample code and
which test is requested. No name is given. It is only the customer and
DNA Heritage that can match a name up with a sample, although if you are
part of a Surname Project the Project Admin will also be able to do
this. We are registered under and comply with the UK Data Protection
Act which is usually stricter than US or Canadian guidelines in most
areas and about on a par with guidelines in use in other EU countries.
We can't and won't pass your details to another organisation. Samples
are destroyed after 6 months.
Different companies offer longer storage options and thus have protocols
to cover this.
However, because people are aware that the data from the tests aren't
medically informative and cannot identify them as an individual, readily
bank their data within public databases such as Ybase (at
Breaking down misconceptions is a battle but it is slowly being won. To
many, this is the first time that they have been asked for a DNA sample
and for most the first time since high-school that they've had to
understand what DNA is. Genetic tests will become more common in
doctor's surgeries in years to come and thus it is essential to provide
clear and accurate information so as not to skew the public perception
of the utility of such tests. Tests for the 'Jewish gene', Viking DNA,
British tribal association and descendants of Genghis Khan as quoted in
the press grab the reader, but often only have a loose basis in current
science and these again are only helping to maintain misconceptions of
the possibilities and limitations of DNA testing.
It is hard for lay people to dissect the hype from the reality of what
genetic genealogy tests are for and can do. It is only by providing
consistent and clear advice will an understanding by the public be
gained and these barriers of misconception be taken away.
Kind Regards,
Alastair Greenshields
DNA Heritage
This thread:
|Re: [DNA] Dodson Group Issue by "DNA Heritage" <>


text:
Ad hoc University-wide Governance Committee
June 30, 2004
Present: J. Acker, J. Altarriba (substituting for L. Schell), J. Bartow, B. Carlson, P. Eppard, G. Goatley (substituting for R. Bangert-Drowns), M. Fogelman, R. Geer, T. Hoff, J. Pipkin, B. Via, J. Wyckoff
Minutes: The minutes of June 23, 2004 were approved.
Discussion of committee charge, Faculty Bylaws, Senate Charter and issues concerning graduate curriculum and graduate academic standing, research programs and faculty promotion and continuing appointment:
Professor Acker distributed a document containing relevant portions of the committee's charge and provisions from the Faculty Bylaws and Senate Charter relating to graduate curriculum and graduate academic standing, research, and faculty promotions and continuing appointments. One of the charges of the committee is to examine the Bylaws and Senate Charter. The Bylaws changes would need to be approved by a faculty vote; Charter changes can be made through the Senate.
The committee agreed to focus discussions on each of the three issues within its charge (graduate curriculum and academic standing, research, promotion and tenure) at future meetings. Discussion for the current meeting would be devoted to research, while later meetings will address the other issues.
The discussion about research began with a question about indirect cost returns, including what devolution might mean for indirect cost recovery and whether indirect cost procedures are currently under the oversight of faculty governance. It was suggested that greater autonomy might allow schools and colleges to make a case for the recovery of different percentages of indirect costs. However, another opinion was advanced that the distribution of indirect costs is an administrative or budgetary matter that is outside of this committee's purview.
A suggestion was made that the committee at some point must grapple with giving content to core aspects of its charge, including the meaning to be ascribed to "autonomy" and "policy." A distinction was offered between the formal and the substantive meaning of rules, i.e., the difference between how the rules are written (which might appear to be inflexible and characterized by a "top-down" orientation) and how they actually are applied (which involves considerable discussion, consultation, and shared decision-making).
Another suggestion was offered that the committee's discussions should be organized around two central questions: (1) What would "greater autonomy" mean with respect to each of the issues within the committee's charge and what would be the respective benefits and costs of allowing greater autonomy in each area? and (2) Which "policies" are best made university-wide (or centrally) and which are best made within individual academic units?
Professor Pipkin offered four rationales that could be advanced and should be examined when considering issues involving shared governance:
1) Quality control. For example, issues of quality control might involve basic curriculum matters, the promotion and tenuring of faculty colleagues, and come into play in other "gate-keeping" areas.
2) Impact assessment. In some areas in particular it is true that no unit within the university is an island unto itself. Changes made in some areas (e.g., curriculum) could cross school boundaries and affect other units.
3) Symbolic unity. In some areas, it may be especially important that faculty are and perceive themselves to be working jointly toward common objectives
4) Shared interests in a unity of voice. On some issues it may be particularly important that faculty are able to speak with a single voice.
Several issues should be examined with respect to autonomy on matters involving research. These areas include: (1) Establishing priorities for research and the allocation of resources for research (e.g., indirect cost returns, FRAP, etc.); (2) The creation and review of centers, institutes, and laboratories; (3) Compliance policies (e.g., IRB, treatment of animal research subjects); (4) Efficiency in management of grants and related activities.
Questions were raised about the issues for which it is appropriate for university level review to take precedence. Examples were offered regarding when the Council on Research has an important role to play as an advisory or oversight body. It was suggested that situations do exist where the University might be adversely affected if the Council on Research does not conduct a review, such as compliance matters involving animal and human research subjects. It was pointed out that teaching and research frequently go hand in hand, so that changes in research policies could affect teaching and the general teaching environment. It also was suggested that questions of efficiency and equity would be raised if individual units all negotiated different policies in areas of research.
Discussion turned to research centers and institutes and implications for greater decentralization. It was pointed out that to the extent such centers compete for external research funds, allowing competition could be desirable. It was suggested that although not all centers are subsidized by university funding, centers commonly rely on university funds for start-up and operating costs, thus making the perspective allowed by a centralized review process especially useful. The Council of Research has been instrumental in the past in ensuring appropriate consultation between and even within academic units concerning the creation of research centers and institutes. It was suggested that the real issue did not involve whether councils like the Council of Research should be eliminated, but rather carefully distinguishing between matters that should be controlled centrally versus locally.
Much support was voiced for a strong centralized body to oversee issues involving compliance. Very significant consequences can ensue throughout the entire university for failure to adhere to regulations in the area of compliance. In addition, there is value added by convening a body representing multiple perspectives, even when the research issues presented to the body involve specific or specialized subject. It was suggested that a case could even be made for strengthening centralized oversight on compliance issues.
A general point was made that one consequence of devolving responsibility to local units would be to vest comparatively greater power in the deans vis a vis faculty. A different relationship exists between faculty and deans within individual units than between deans and a faculty committee comprised of representatives from throughout the university. Devolving too much authority to local units risks a diminished opportunity for a meaningful voice for faculty governance.
Following the discussion of research issues, a question was raised regarding whether correspondence distributed at a prior meeting had been discussed at the time of its distribution. It was explained that the correspondence had not been discussed but rather offered to committee members so they could read it. A suggestion was made that one of the distributed items had invited the committee to consider issues that were not properly before it.
The next meeting's discussion will focus on issues related to graduate academic curriculum and graduate academic standing. It was suggested that that each member should come to the meeting with a list of issues that should be explored, and what should be covered or resolved by the conclusion of the discussion. Additional suggestions were welcomed regarding procedures and objectives for future meetings.
It was generally agreed that it would be useful to create three subcommittees (research, graduate curriculum and academic standing, promotions and continuing appointments). The subcommittees would take responsibility for clarifying the issues to be addressed in each area, investigating policies and practices at other institutions, and ultimately summarizing the committee's views about the issues covered. Committee members were invited to consider proposed structures for the subcommittees, which subcommittee they would like to join, and what peer institutions should be consulted. Professor Acker indicated that he would invite committee members to let him know their preferences for subcommittee assignments.
Professor Acker reported that he has yet to be informed whether Interim President Ryan will be able to accept the invitation to join the committee for discussion on July 14. He reminded members that the July 7 meeting would take place at 3:00 in the Standish Room of the New Science Library on the main campus.
Meeting adjourned at 5:10 p.m.
Respectfully Submitted,
Professor Acker, Chair of the Committee


text: Do you read long-form journalism? You should. There's pressure today to make journalism short, to squeeze all such writing into bullet points and text boxes. Surely there's a place for that. But there's a massive place for journalists who take on a big story and tell it at length with great skill. Thomas Lake is [Read More…]