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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 25/12/2012 (1667 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
For the past 12 years, Harold Kuiper has spent his Christmas Eve alone, roasting turkeys for thousands of people.
Kuiper, who owns Kuiper's Family Bakery, cooked 96 birds for this year's Westman and Area Traditional Christmas Dinner.
"It takes around four and a half hours for each load. I did half of them in the morning, and I'll come back around 1:30 a.m. to do the other half," he said on Monday afternoon.
The turkeys, which Kuiper said account for around 80 per cent of the total turkeys cooked, are delivered to him in two loads, and he cooks all 96 birds by himself.
"It gives me time to reflect on the year — I also pick a book to read. I've got 'The Alchemist' (by Paulo Coelho) this year."
Last year, dinner organizers gave Kuiper half a load to cook and distributed the other half to a few pizza restaurants.
This year, they decided it was easier to keep all the birds in one place, and gave the full load back to Kuiper.
He admits that he didn't like doing the job when he first started, but now looks forward to the time to himself.
"It's part of my Christmas tradition now — just me and the birds on Christmas night."
Kuiper said he doesn't feel like a hero in cooking so many turkeys.
"This isn't a big deal for me. I've been brought up to always help any way that I can. The real hard workers are the ones who cut all the turkeys and serve it to all those people on Christmas Day."
When all the turkeys are done cooking and get picked up by volunteers to be delivered to the dinner, Kuiper goes home to get some sleep.
He doesn't go to the dinner itself, but does have a big dinner at home with his family.
This year he planned to cook one more turkey, for himself, on Christmas Day.
» email@example.com


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GM Repair Problems? Ask GM Repair Expert Now.
Hello, and welcome to JA!! the only way to unlock this radio is with a GM tech 2 scan tool. here is how the system works.
The theft deterrent system is a feature on all base and uplevel radios. There is no need to program a security code into the radio as in past model years. The theft deterrent system now utilizes class 2 serial data to determine if the radio is in the appropriate vehicle. Each time the radio receives the run power mode message, it compares the VIN information it has stored to the VIN information received from a module on the class 2 serial data circuit responsible for transmitting that information. If a mis-match occurs, the radio display will indicate to the user the radio is locked. Once this takes place, a DTC will set, the radio will not respond to any button presses and become inoperative. The 2 scenarios able to cause this condition are:
The only way to unlock the radio is by using a scan tool.

subset: commoncrawl


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architect/builder: locus architecture, minneapolis; landscape architect: Shaw Design Associates, Minneapolis; size: 3,089 square feet; construction cost: $130 per square foot; photos: John Christenson
Remember your grandmother who never threw anything away? She saved old magazines, used wrapping paper, and out-of-style clothes because she never knew when she might need them. Wynne Yelland, AIA, and Paul Neseth, AIA, know how she felt. The partners at Minneapolis design/build firm LOCUS Architecture habitually hang onto leftover building elements for possible future use. "We keep stuff around, in my garage and Wynne's garage and our construction supervisor's garage," says Neseth. "It's both an asset and a disease."
When their firm experienced a slowdown in 2003, it seemed like the perfect time to try out a long-cherished idea—a sustainable, progressively designed house, built on spec, that would showcase their ability to turn salvage into splendor. They bought an outdated 1950s ranch house in Minneapolis, dubbed it nowhaus 01, and started in on demolition. "We had a lull in our construction schedule, and it gave us something to keep our guys busy," says Yelland. They remodeled the old house substantially, adding a floor and a half and opening up the plan. And they kept and reused original fixtures, framing lumber, and sheathing, designing a temporary rack in the garage to keep salvaged parts organized and close at hand.
The architects placed nowhaus's insulation outside its framing to provide an unbroken layer of warmth. High-efficiency Loewen windows, one of their favorite products, also help lower energy use. The billboard-backed siding floats an inch and a half off the project's structure to guard against water damage. "If any moisture gets behind the siding, it will evaporate in that dead space before it reaches the frame," says Neseth. "So the siding prolongs the life of the house." The longer the house lasts, he and Yelland reason, the fewer of its parts will end up in landfills. The home's many custom details serve no particular green purpose—at least, not at first glance. "Our contention is that if you build a project that's beautiful, people will want to take care of it longer," says Yelland. "To us, that's sustainable." He and Neseth are asking $829,000 for nowhaus 01, and they're currently looking for land for nowhaus 02.


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Varnum, Riddering, Schmidt & Howlett, LLP
333 Bridge St NW #17
Grand Rapids, MI 49504
Featured Speakers:
Charles D. Stimson
- Charles D. Stimson, National Security Law Program Manager and Senior Legal Fellow, Heritage Foundation
- Introductory remarks by: Justice David F. Viviano, Michigan Supreme Court
Charles "Cully" Stimson is a widely recognized expert in national security, homeland security and crime control. A senior legal fellow at The Heritage Foundation since 2007, Stimson became manager of the National Security Law Program in Heritage's Davis Institute for International Studies in April 2013 after serving as Heritage's chief of staff for a year.
Stimson has written and lectured on policy issues such as military detention and commissions, intelligence and criminal law (including the Patriot Act and FISA), immigration and the war on drugs. As chief of staff to then-Heritage President Edwin J. Feulner, he was a key adviser on public policy matters as well as manager of Feulner's office staff and Heritage's day-to-day operations.
Stimson's many research papers, op-eds and articles include the special report "Adult Time for Adult Crime,"Heritage's comprehensive study on the constitutionality of life sentences for teen-age murderers. His work on criminal and immigration law has been cited in briefs before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Complimentary drinks & hors d'oeuvres will be provided.
RSVP requested to West Michigan Chapter President Nicholas Dondzila at email@example.com or (616) 257-5156.


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Hi Ian,How low should you go with Diageo?Diageo (DGE), should be regarded as a core aspiration holding for any Foolish HYPer with a collection of spirits, wine and beer brands to die for -some of DGE'S consumers probably do, if they abuse them! It is a great defensive business for all seasons and one of the top 6 holdings in my own HYP. However, at an all time high of 1696p, with a running yield of just 2.4% and a prospective PER of at least 17, it is too richly priced at present to deliver the value HYPers seek. Whilst DGE is as bomb proof as they come it is, nevertheless, a giant and slow growth business. Over the past 20 years the dividend has grown as steadily as the operation of the Trumpton clock at 6%pa. To see what I mean the rate has been 6.5%pa over the past decade and 5%pa over the past five challenging years. The recent interim was at a stellar 7%pa. If the 6% rate continued over the next decade, you would still only be enjoying a 4.3% yield at today's cost in 10 years time with many sub par yield payouts in between.Obtaining a high starting yield on DGE is unlikely, yet there are times when a reasonably competitive yield is on offer. Looking back at my own records, I have bought DGE in six tranches: four times in 2004 on historic yields of 3.8%, 3.7%, 4.0% and 4.0% respectively; in 2006 on a 3.5% yield and finally again in 2010 on a yield of 3.4%. The current yield on my blended purchase cost of my 2004 transactions is now 5.9% after 8 years, which I think is competitive, whilst at current prices and dividend growth rate projection you would only be getting around 3.9% after 8 years, which I think is not.The current popularity of DGE with Mr. Market will inevitably wane at some point, and you may be able to get a 3.5% starting yield or at minimum a prospective 3.5%, which I think is a fair entry point, given the relatively low risk nature of the business.HTHValuemargin
Folders |


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The magic of Christmas
December 22, 2012
My oldest daughter has woken up every morning for the past month looking for "S" elf. Yes we have named our elf "S". Last year when our elf came to us, my daughter was obsessed with S, because her name begins with S. So every morning we wake up looking for "S" elf. My oldest finds it rather quickly and then my younger daughter likes to go point at it through out the day. They both love to see "S" elf and secretly I do as well. It makes me feel the magic of Christmas.
When I was a young girl I could remember waking up on Christmas morning with my brother and we would go into our parent's room to wake them up. We then would make our way to the living room where presents awaited us. I always was so surprised and happy that Santa came. We would open our presents and say, "mom look at what Santa got me." I can still remember one of my favorite Christmas presents. It was my #85 Wesley Walker jersey. He was my favorite player on the New York Jets. I can remember putting it on over my pajamas to try it on and I don't' think I took it off all morning. To this day I still have the jersey, it is a bit small for me, but I still have it.
After presents came our stockings. Yes, we opened the stockings last. There were always some fun things in the stockings and I remember that I used to open it up slowly because I didn't want it to end. I didn't want the presents and surprises to be over. So I cherished every minute of Santa's great delivery and loved seeing his empty milk glass and half eaten cookies we left by the fireplace. There were so many magical moments about Christmas morning that I loved as a kid, but the one that is most precious to me is being together with my family.
This Christmas we all have a heavy heart for the tragedy that occurred in Newtown, CT. My heart goes out to the families that lost a loved one. I send love and prayers to the community of Newtown and hope they find strength from all the prayers and love being sent to them.
Merry Christmas!
Always Believe,
Kristine Lilly


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A day after missing practice in Lac Mégantic, Max Pacioretty and Brandon Prust were both back on the ice Friday in Brossard as the Canadiens prepared to face the Philadelphia Flyers Saturday night at the Bell Centre (7 p.m., CBC, RDS, TSN Radio 690).
Pacioretty, who appeared to suffer an upper-body injury during the season-opening 4-3 loss to Toronto on Tuesday, took a "therapy day" Thursday, while Prust missed practice for family reasons.
With George Parros out indefinitely after suffering a concussion in a season-opening fight with the Maple Leafs' Colton Orr, rookie Michael Bournival and Ryan White took turns playing centre on the fourth line at Friday's practice between Prust and Travis Moen. Coach Michel Therrien said he will decide Saturday morning which player will get the start at centre against the Flyers.
Therrien also said he met with Parros for the first time since the enforcer suffered a concussion and indicated he is doing well, but is still suffering from headaches.
For Canadiens fans who enjoyed the 24CH show last season, the first episode of the second season will air Saturday night at 6:30 on Canal D and at 10:30 on RDS.
Here's how the lines looked at practice:
(Photo by John Mahoney/The Gazette)
Briere ready to put the past behind him, Canadiens.com


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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
The importance of supplying drinking water with a balanced mineral composition, including a minimal concentration of Mg(II) ions, has been recently acknowledged by many publications, as well as in official WHO guidelines. The issue is relevant to naturally occurring soft waters and lately to the rapidly increasing volume of supplied desalinated water. This paper presents an enhancement of a recently developed nanofiltration-based method for the selective separation of soluble Mg(II) species from seawater. The generated rich-Mg(II) brine is demonstrated to be suitable for supplementing soft waters with magnesium ions. The brine, generated using a commercial membrane (DS-5 DL, Osmonics) at various operational conditions is characterized by high Mg(II) concentrations (~8.5 g/L) and low Cl:Mg and Na:Mg molar concentration ratios (1.6 and 0.6, respectively, at 28-bar operation). A food-grade antiscalant is dosed to the feed seawater to prevent scaling; however, since the Mg(II) concentration in the brine is high, for attaining 10 mg Mg/L of desalinated water, the dilution ratio with the desalinated water is ~1:850, resulting in maximal additional concentrations of 0.024 antiscalant, 34.9 Cl(−I), 12.9 Na(I), 0.05 Sr(II) and 0.003 B (all concentrations in mg/L). The overall cost of 1 kg of Mg(II) separated by the presented process amounts to between $0.05 and $0.07,
Throughout the years, epidemiologic studies have implied that low concentrations of magnesium ions (Mg(II)) in drinking water may be associated with several significant health risks (e.g., type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, sudden cardiac death, several cancer types, and more [
Desalinated water is a rising water source in which the Mg(II) concentration is usually close to zero, even after the re-mineralization step, which typically aims at replenishing calcium ions (Ca(II)) and carbonate alkalinity to the water. Following the WHO recommendation, the Israeli Ministry of Health decided in 2011 on the addition of Mg(II) to desalinated water to a level of 20–30 mg Mg/L [
Other studies showed the positive effect of drinking water Mg(II) with respect to additional health related aspects: for example, Mg(II) may have a positive role against hip fractures, according to the inverse association between drinking water magnesium concentration and the risk of hip fracture in both genders observed in Norway [
In addition to these health related findings, it should be recognized that a low concentration of Mg(II) in drinking water has a significant inverse impact on the overall Mg(II) intake, as demonstrated by Spungen
To conclude, there are publications that imply that magnesium intake does not necessarily protect against cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. However, the majority of relevant studies, including some endorsed by the WHO, show evidence of statistically significant inverse association between Mg2+ concentrations in drinking water and cardiovascular mortality.
A valuable water source allocated for agricultural irrigation should include a minimum Mg(II) concentration, required in order to minimize the need for the application of fertilizers, particularly in case the local soil is low in minerals [
With respect to the health impact of irrigating with water low in Mg(II), it has been noted that the decreasing mineral content in high-yield grains, as observed since the Green Revolution, has coincided in time with rising global mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases. This suggests that irrigating with low Mg(II) waters results in low Mg(II) intake from cultivated crops, which, in turn, may be associated with elevated cardiovascular mortality over the past 50 years [
This paper describes new results of a recently developed method [
As the brine is produced, food-grade antiscalant (e.g., Genesys CAS, manufactured by Genesys International, [
NF experiments were carried out using a pilot-scale seawater desalination unit comprising one 4″ spiral wound NF module. The experimental system included two pumps, a booster pump (centrifugal) and a high pressure pump (positive displacement), as well as a titanium heat exchanger and a chiller for maintaining a constant temperature of 25 ± 1 °C. In addition, the system includes flow meters for the permeate and the brine streams, a 25-micron filter to protect the high-pressure pump, pressure and temperature gauges and a pressure regulator spring valve. All tubing, fittings and wetted parts in the equipment are stainless steel made. In the experimental setup, the concentrate stream was continuously recycled back to the feed tank, which initially consisted of ~200 L of typical Mediterranean seawater. The permeate stream was collected in a different tank, which was placed on a scale for the purpose of accurately determining the recovery ratio at any given time during the run. Once a desired recovery ratio was attained, the permeate stream was directed to the feed tank, and the system was allowed to stabilize in a full recirculation mode for a minimum of 20 min. Samples were then collected from the feed tank (representing the cumulative brine concentrations), the permeate tank (representing the accumulative permeate concentrations) and from the brine and permeate pipes, representing the momentary brine and permeate concentrations, respectively.
Schematic representation of the Mg(II) enrichment process, based on seawater nanofiltration (NF) separation.
Two types of solute rejection values (denoted r) are presented and discussed in this paper: (1) the "overall rejections" (that is, the rejection values calculated based on the initial feed concentration of the solute (CFeed) and its accumulative permeate concentration (CP accu)): r = 1 – CP accumulate/CFeed; and (2) the "momentary rejection" (that is, the solute rejection at a specific time, or specific recovery, calculated based on the momentary permeate solute concentration (CP t) and the solute concentration on the feed side of the membrane at the specific time).
In the next sections, unless otherwise specified, the overall rejections are presented and discussed.
The samples were characterized by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) (1CAP6300 Duo, Thermo Scientific) for the determination of the following ion concentrations: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO42−, K+, B, Sr2+. In addition, chloride concentrations were determined using the argentometric method, according to standard methods [
Dosing NF brine for enriching desalinated water with Mg(II) unavoidably introduces other components to the product water. Thus, the composition of the produced brine was analyzed under various conditions in order to identify the most advantageous NF process operational conditions, from the desalinated water quality standpoint.
Mg(II) rejection values at 10, 18 and 28 bar (∆, ○ and +, respectively) as a function of the recovery ratio.
Molar concentration ratios of Na(I) to Mg(II) (
The effect of dosing the NF brine to desalinated water was studied assuming nine different scenarios: filtration at 10, 18 and 28 bar and three different dosages of brine for achieving final Mg2+ concentration of 5, 10 and 20 mg/L of desalinated water. These three concentrations were chosen in order to simulate three scenarios: (1) the intended Mg2+ concentration (5 mg/L) addition at the Thames desalinated post treated water [
Regarding the addition of Ca(II), it is evident that its addition is minor compared to the background Ca(II) concentration, which is usually on the order of several tens of mg/L. For example, the Israeli minimal Ca(II) concentration requirement is 32 mg/L [
The addition of other trace metals as a consequence of dosing NF brine was assumed to be negligible, based on the following calculation: although the concentration of strontium in seawater is relatively high (~8 mg/L), its measured concentrations in the brines were 23.6, 23.26 and 24.76 mg/L at 10, 18 and 28 bar, respectively. As a result, even for the highest brine dosage scenario (
The addition of ions (Cl−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and B) and antiscalant agent to the desalinated water in the nine examined scenarios and the addition of Cl− for the alternative of MgCl2 dosage.
|Mg2+ addition
|Applied pressure
|via MgCl2 dosage
|10 bar
|18 bar
|28 bar
|Chloride ion addition (mg/L); WHO taste threshold: 200–300 mg/L [
|Sodium ion addition (mg/L); WHO taste threshold: 200 mg/L [
|Potassium ion addition (mg/L);
|Calcium ion addition (mg/L)
|Strontium ion addition (µg/L)
|Boron addition (µg/L); WHO health threshold: 2.4 mg/L [
|Antiscalant addition (µg/L)
To date, only three practical methods are available for enriching soft and desalinated water with magnesium ions: the direct dosage of magnesium-salts (either MgSO4 or MgCl2), as practiced, for example, in Cyprus [ Direct dosage can bring the concentration of Mg(II) to any required value. However, this results in a counter-ion addition ratio (relative to Mg(II) ion addition) of 1:1 (Cl(−I) or SO4(−II) to Mg(II), in equivalent units). Thus, the dosage of MgSO4 can be regarded as favorable. The addition of MgCl2 is only slightly superior over the suggested method, in case the recovery ratio is below 90%. In case of a 95% recovery ratio, the addition of Cl(−I) is smaller in the suggested process. In any event, the addition of Cl(−I) is small, relative to chloride concentrations in natural fresh water sources. Dissolution of dolomite is very limited from the resultant water quality aspect [ The enrichment of water with Mg(II) originating from seawater by means of an ion-exchanger is a relatively flexible method [
Direct dosage can bring the concentration of Mg(II) to any required value. However, this results in a counter-ion addition ratio (relative to Mg(II) ion addition) of 1:1 (Cl(−I) or SO4(−II) to Mg(II), in equivalent units). Thus, the dosage of MgSO4 can be regarded as favorable. The addition of MgCl2 is only slightly superior over the suggested method, in case the recovery ratio is below 90%. In case of a 95% recovery ratio, the addition of Cl(−I) is smaller in the suggested process. In any event, the addition of Cl(−I) is small, relative to chloride concentrations in natural fresh water sources.
Dissolution of dolomite is very limited from the resultant water quality aspect [
The enrichment of water with Mg(II) originating from seawater by means of an ion-exchanger is a relatively flexible method [
From the water quality point of view, it is beneficial to operate the NF process at high pressures (
The main component of the cost of the presented process is the energy required in the NF step. However, in the cost assessment, the addition of antiscalant, the UF step (
The costs of separating 1 kg of Mg(II) by the process in the 18- and 28-bar scenarios are $0.053 and $0.070, respectively, while in the case that the CAPEX of the 18-bar scenarios are doubled; the total cost of 1 kg Mg(II) becomes $0.074. Note that the figures in
As mentioned before, the energy required for the NF stage is the main cost component, comprising 50.7% and 61.5% of the overall cost in the 18-bar and 28-bar scenarios, respectively. The second main component is the CAPEX, which constitutes 39.2% and 30.6% of the overall cost, in the 18- and 28-bar cases, respectively.
Estimation of the operational cost components and capital costs (cents per m3 of desalinated water) associated with the presented process, for six different case studies.
|18 bar
|28 bar
|Mg(II) addition (mg/L)
|2.2 × 10−3
|4.5 × 10−3
|9.0 × 10−3
|2.3 × 10−3
|4.6 × 10−3
|9.3 × 10−3
|NF energy
|UF energy
|4.5 × 10−4
|8.9 × 10−4
|1.8 × 10−3
|4.6 × 10−4
|9.3 × 10−4
|1.9 × 10−3
|Total OPEX
|CAPEX a
|Total cost b
Notes: a values in brackets represent the elevated CAPEX due to the required enlargement of the NF plant in the low pressure (
The cost of adding Mg(II) to desalinated water by means of dosing NF brine is approximately one order of magnitude lower than any other available Mg(II) enrichment method. However, it should be recognized that the water quality attained in each process is different (see
The enhancement of a method for enriching desalinated and soft water with Mg(II) ions is presented. The method is based on passing seawater through an NF membrane (DS DL5) and the dosage of the Mg(II)-rich brine in the desalinated water.
The new results show that elevating the pressure from 10 to 18 bar significantly affected the Mg(II) rejection values. However, further elevation of the pressure to 28 bar improved the rejection values only slightly. The NF brine was characterized by high Mg(II) concentrations of 7.707, 7.829 and 8.520 g/L applying 85% recovery at 10, 18 and 28 bar, respectively. The Mg(II):Na(I) concentration ratios were significantly reduced when the recovery ratios were elevated, while they were hardly affected by the applied pressure. Therefore, in areas in which stringent upper thresholds for Na(I) and Cl(−I) are forced, the brine generated at higher recovery ratios is considered more adequate for enriching soft waters with Mg(II).
The cost of the process was found to be approximately one order of magnitude lower than the cost of replenishing Mg(II) by alternative methods.
This project was funded by the Israel Science Foundation (#504/10) and the Joint German-Israeli Water Technology Research Program (BMBF/MOST) (research #2018807).
The three authors contributed evenly to the execution of the experiments and the writing of this paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.


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(PITTSBURGH) Feb. 9, 2009 City Public Works and Public Safety personnel are working around the clock to execute their plan to keep residents safe and streets treated throughout this upcoming storm.
Tonight's Snow Plan
Public Works are being assisted by 20 contractors who have added an additional 50 pieces of equipment to supplement the City's 60-truck fleet. Those contractors will be working through this storm to help PW crews who will continue working extended 12-hour shifts. City procurement specialists continue to receive calls from contractors. Any additional contractors will be sent to the staging location. From there, they will be dispatched to divisions based on need.
"Personnel will be out in record-numbers to deal with this storm," Ravenstahl said. "I am confident that with this additional equipment, we will be able to keep our residents safe. Part of this plan is taking care of our emergency routes so that we make sure hospitals are reachable in the time of need. Secondly, we have a plan that makes sure that every resident, even if they live on the City's steepest hill, can be reached by public safety personnel in the unfortunate case of an emergency."
Public Safety
Pennsylvania National Guardsmen (PANG) will continue to support public safety efforts, ensuring that paramedics, firefighters, and officers can get to the most hard-to-reach calls. Paramedics and officers are all working extended shifts. All City firefighters have been called in to their station.
PANG will continue responding to 311 calls from residents who need assistance with critical pharmacy pickups and dialysis treatments. They are also patrolling neighborhoods where power is still out. As of 10 a.m., 225 residents were still without power. Guardsmen have responded to 70 calls for service from 311.
Warming Centers
The City's warming centers will close at 4:30 p.m. tonight. In case the need arises, the City will open the South Side Market House senior center as a warming center and shelter. The Market House will operate from 8 p.m. tonight to 8 p.m. tomorrow.
The City's response line has been beefed up with 16 lines and will be operating 24-hours.
City Services
All refuse/recycling service continues to be suspended until further notice. City non-essential employees have been directed to stay home tomorrow.
The City takes care of 2,000 miles of City roads. About 45 percent of those roads are primary roads, or main arteries such as West Liberty Avenue; about 50 percent are secondary roads or residential thoroughfares; and the remaining are side streets and alleyways known as tertiary roads.
Tuesday, February 9, 2010


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No. 6 Saint Leo to Square Off Against No. 2 Armstrong on Friday
SAINT LEO, Fla. - Continuing its historic post-season run, the sixth-ranked Saint Leo women's tennis team took down the 12th-ranked California University of Pennsylvania Vulcans by a final score of 5-2 on Thursday morning at Sanlando Park in the NCAA DII Women's Tennis National Quarterfinals. Saint Leo advances its record to 22-5 on the season, and become the first team to advance to a national semifinal round in school history.
Saint Leo returns to action on Friday when they take on No. 2 Armstrong Atlantic State University at Sanlando Park. The two-time defending national champions earned their 11th-straight berth into the national semifinals earlier Thursday morning with a 5-0 win over NYIT. The last time out between the two teams was on February 22, 2014, where Armstrong handed the Lions a 9-0 loss at the Saint Leo Tennis Center.
The Saint Leo/Armstrong match was the Lions' fifth of the season, and since then the Green and Gold has posted a record of 20-2, including wins over 15 nationally ranked NCAA teams in that run. The Lions have won eight of their last nine matches, with their only loss in that run coming at the hands of No. 1 Barry in the SSC Championship on April 26.
Saint Leo has also bounced two of the top five teams out of the Tournament, beginning with a 5-3 win over No. 4 Lynn in the South Region II Finals on May 6, and Wednesday's 5-4 victory over No. 3 BYU-Hawaii on May 14. Next on the docket, is the No. 2-ranked Pirates.
Friday's match is currently slated for 9 a.m. at Sanlando Park in Altamonte Springs. In case of weather delays, follow the Lions on Twitter of live coverage of the match.
For the latest news, updates, and information on the Saint Leo women's tennis team in their historic post-season journey, be sure to visit SaintLeoLions.com. Fans can also stay up-to-date on the latest Lions news by following Saint Leo Athletics on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Youtube.


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Despite dominating for long periods, the Dutch succumbed to a sweet strike from the Argentine just after the break
Jorge Jesus' men have reached the semifinal and the final of the competition in their last two attempts and look on course to go one better this term after a hard-fought away win in the Netherlands on Thursday.
While they showed little of the attacking threat that saw them score nine goals in four Europa League games before their trip to the AFAS Stadion, they ground out a victory that puts them in the driving seat in the tie.
Benfica rarely threatened before the break but was able to keep an occasionally lively AZ front line at bay before taking its golden opportunity soon after the interval.
Two minutes into the second half, Benfica had the lead, as Eduardo Salvio opened his account for the season with a vital away goal.
After Oscar Cardozo's effort was well saved by Esteban Alvarado, the loose ball fell to Salvio who produced an excellent finish to edge the visitors in front.
It leaves AZ with an uphill task to progress, given that Benfica has won 10 of its last 11 games at the Estadio da Luz - keeping clean sheets in all those victories.
In a low-key start, AZ had the better of the opening exchanges with Roy Beerens having en effort saved by Artur Moraes before curling a shot from the left-hand side wide of the far post.
While the visitors grew into the game, Aron Johannsson was next to threaten as he drew a smart save from Artur following positive play again from Beerens with the Benfica goalkeeper required again to beat away Steven Berghuis' strike soon after.
After a first half with few efforts on target, Benfica needed just three minutes of the second to take the lead, as Salvio pounced on Cardozo's saved effort to angle an effort home.
It killed any momentum that AZ may have had and Jesus' men will be more than happy to take their slender advantage back to Lisbon, especially given that AZ has not won on the road in any competition since mid-February.


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II. Administration (formerly #5153)
E. Risk Management
4. School Safety, Emergency and Crisis Response Plans
d. Weapons and Violence in Schools
1. Policy Statement
The purpose of this policy is to ensure a school environment that is conducive to learning. The underlying belief of this policy is that all children have the right to be educated in a safe and nurturing environment. Therefore, each school shall enforce a policy of zero tolerance for weapons and violence in school.
2. Definitions
Weapons – The term "weapons" shall include, by way of illustration, the following enumerated items: any loaded or unloaded firearm (e.g., pistol, blank pistol, signal pistol, starter pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, etc.); any knife (e.g., Bowie, Direk, lock-blade, hunting, pen, pocket, switchblade, utility, etc.): any razor (e.g., straight, regular, retractable, etc.); any defensive weapon (e.g., gas repellent, mace, stun gun, etc.); any martial arts device (e.g., Chinese stars, nunchaku, etc.); any explosive device; or any tool or instrument which school administrative staff could reasonably conclude as being capable of inflicting bodily harm (e.g., blackjack, chain, club knuckles, night stick, pipe, studded bracelet, etc.); or which by virtue of its shape or design gives the appearance of any of the aforementioned (e.g., air pistol, air rifle, BB gun, toy gun, etc.). In addition, any animal which could be used to inflict bodily harm will also be considered in this category.
Assault – Assault is defined as an act of physical violence or an aggravated threat of physical violence by a student(s) on another student(s), staff member(s), or others on school grounds. School grounds shall mean the property of any elementary, middle or high school, all buildings and vehicles used by the Narragansett School Department, including any portion of any building, structure, stadium, field or vehicle, which at the time of an assault was being used for an activity sponsored by or through the school department. When considering what constitutes aggravated assault, the factors to be weighed include: age of student(s) involved, seriousness of bodily injury, the state of mind of the individual(s) involved, and any other factors deemed relevant to the school principal or designee.
In addition, any individual who has reasonable cause to know that any person is carrying any of the noted weapons, or has knowledge that a person has committed an assault, shall notify the building principal or his/her designee regarding such information. Failure to provide this information may be grounds for disciplinary action not to exceed the suspension noted herein.
Suspension – Suspension is defined as that act by a school administrator or by a school committee that removes a student from school for a specified period of time, not more than one-hundred-eighty (180) days.
1. A short term suspension is removal from a school for up to ten (10) days, the first five (5) days of which may be imposed by a designated building administrator and up to five (5) additional days by the Superintendent or designee.
2. A long term suspension is removal from a school for more than ten (10) days and must be approved by the School Committee.
3. An educational instructional program will be provided through tutoring, placement into an alternate educational program, or other appropriate activity to ensure the continuation of appropriate education for the student.
3. Police Involvement
a. In all cases involving weapons or aggravated assault in schools or on school grounds, local police shall be called, and all confiscated weapons are to be turned over to the police department.
b. A log of all confiscated weapons will be kept by school administrators and will be available to be reviewed by the local police department on a monthly basis.
4. Statement of Enforcement
This policy will be implemented according to the due process provisions applicable to regular and special education students. For students with disabilities, the implementation of this policy will be in accordance with approved local procedures, as well as state and federal regulations governing the suspension or removal of special education students from school programs. Principals or their designee will make the determination as to whether or not a particular incident constitutes an aggravated assault.
4. Enforcement of Zero Tolerance for Weapons and Violence Policy
a. Any student found to be in possession of a weapon, or involved in an aggravated assault, as defined herein, shall be subject to immediate discipline which may include, at the sole discretion of the administrator, immediate suspension in accordance with applicable due process provisions. During this suspension, the administration will take the necessary steps in determining any additional action which may include a recommendation for long-term suspension.
b. Decisions regarding the specific length of a student's suspension will be made by the appropriate authority. Any student suspended from school cannot participate in school functions or be on school premises.
Reference: Rhode Island General Law 16-2-17


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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Preceramic polymers,
Preceramic polymers, especially in the form of organo-silicon compounds (e.g., polymers based on a backbone of Si atoms containing also C, O, N, B and H atoms), have been widely recognized for the last 40 years as an extremely powerful tool for the production of advanced ceramics. Their key advantage over conventional (powder) synthesis procedures is represented by the possibility of adopting plastic-forming techniques (e.g., fiber spinning, foaming, warm pressing, extrusion, injection molding or resin transfer molding) to generate shaped components, later transformed into the desired ceramic parts (usually defined as polymer-derived ceramics or PDCs) by thermal treatment (pyrolysis) above ~800 °C, typically in a non-oxidative atmosphere (nitrogen or argon) [
The ceramics obtained from polymeric precursors usually feature a chemical composition not achievable by other techniques: as an example, silicones (polymers with a -Si-O- backbone) yield, upon firing in a non-oxidative atmosphere, an amorphous SiCO (silicon oxycarbide) residue, which can be considered as a silica glass modified by the presence of nano-sized domains based on SiC (Si atoms surrounded by four bridging carbon atoms instead of two oxygen atoms), together with Si atoms bonded to a varying number of C atoms and C clusters ("free carbon") [
A distinctive drawback of PDC technology is the poor control of shrinkage and structural integrity of the products of the polymer-to-ceramic transformation. The transformation implies the elimination of the organic moieties typical of a polymer (e.g., methyl or phenyl groups attached to the Si atoms), with consequent significant gas release (in the form of methane, benzene and hydrogen) and shrinkage (the density goes from ~0.8–1.2 g/cm3, typical values for a polymer, to ~2.2 g/cm3, a standard value for amorphous Si-based ceramics) [
Hot-pressing of pre-pyrolyzed material has been proposed as a solution for crack-free polymer-derived ceramics since the early applications of the technology [
The pioneering work of Greil [
Inert, or passive, fillers, which are ceramic powders that do not react with the ceramic residue from the preceramic polymer, the decomposition gases or the heating atmosphere [
Active fillers,
Even when large amounts (several tens of a percent) of fillers are introduced, the viscous flow of preceramic polymers is always sufficiently high to enable the use of the abovementioned plastic forming technologies. Moreover, the use of these fillers not only allows one to produce bulk polymer-derived ceramics, but they can also provide the possibility of manufacturing ceramics with functional properties. While metals (tungsten, niobium, molybdenum, iron alloy particles) that form carbides lead to components with high hardness and wear resistance [
Modern nanotechnology offers a wide range of nano-sized particles, which allows for a substantial updating of the concept of preceramic polymers and fillers. In particular, oxide particles, if nano-sized, are far more interesting than micro-sized ones. Nano-sized oxide particles, contrary to micro-sized ones, have a distinctive character in that they are capable of reacting directly with the ceramic residue deriving from the heat treatment of a preceramic polymer, either in inert atmosphere [
An alternative way to polymer-derived nano-structured ceramics, mainly for functional applications, is provided by the direct chemical modification of preceramic polymers using alkoxides or other chemical precursors (liquid or gaseous). This was proposed long ago for polycarbosilane, which has been modified with Ti [
The metal precursors have been added for various purposes, ranging from the crosslinking of the preceramic polymer, to the control of the crystallization of the ceramic residue, from the improvement of the high temperature stability to the affording of functional properties or to the formation of catalytic particles. From the microstructural point of view, these additions have been incorporated into the Si-based ceramic residue, forming new crystalline phases, or have modified the amorphous Si-based network of the ceramic residue or have phase-separated creating new carbide, nitride, silicide, oxide or metallic crystalline phases. In some cases, the additions have allowed the preceramic polymers to retain their plastic shaping capability, while in other cases, the increase of the degree of crosslinking prevents the viscous flow of the polymer.
Finally, we must mention that also nano-sized fillers can be inert or passive. In fact, carbon nanotubes [
The purpose of the present paper is to give an up-to-date overview of all strategies for the modification of preceramic polymers at the nano-scale, focusing on the latest developments. We will first address the chemical modifications of polymers, then discuss passive nano-sized fillers and, finally, summarize the main findings relative to the introduction of (mainly oxide) nano-sized active fillers, which are the object of specific studies conducted by our research group. We will present some case studies, with the aim of highlighting the flexibility of the approach for the manufacturing of a wide range of advanced ceramics.
The phase separation in the ceramic residue is a fundamental issue of polymer-derived ceramics [
The most significant investigations that can be found in the literature concern, besides Al-alkoxides, Zr- and Hf-containing compounds.
The dispersed phases, in PDC-NCs, may be interesting also for advanced applications at room temperature. As an example, Hojamberdiev
Hf-containing compounds can also be used for modifying silazanes [
A few papers report the incorporation of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and graphene as nano-sized passive fillers in ceramic matrix, in order to induce or improve mechanical, thermal, electrical or rheological properties. While conventional powder-based ceramic processing has been shown to disrupt the integrity of the fillers, as well as to be not effective in their homogeneous dispersion, the polymer precursor-based approach offers several advantages for the purpose of producing ceramic matrix composites [
Considering the brittle nature of ceramics, one of the most interesting applications of such fillers is their effect on the fracture toughness. From this point of view, Katsuda
A further promising peculiarity of nanotubes is that their use can be suggested as a new way to tailor the rheology and the processability of spun preceramic polymer fibers, as described in the study by Kokott
It should be noted that the achievement of a homogenous dispersion inside the ceramic matrix is the main issue concerning the use of carbon nanotubes as reinforcing fillers for polymer precursors. Such a dispersion is particularly difficult to obtain for SWCNTs, because of the strong cohesive force between individual tubes [
Carbon-based reinforcement can also be embedded in a preceramic matrix in the shape of fibers, to enhance electrical and mechanical properties. Shibuya
Bulk ceramics containing nano-sized reinforcements can also be fabricated from preceramic polymers when employing suitable techniques for sintering and consolidating the material, which are the crucial points for achieving dense products. For instance, graphene is a very attractive nano-sized filler, considering its unique mechanical properties that make it one of the strongest materials available, as well as its super-electrical and very good thermal properties [
As previously mentioned, a general trend is that oxide fillers react with the decomposition products of the preceramic polymers, producing the desired new phases; for silicates, when developed from silicones treated in air, the reaction is particularly simple, as follows:
The small dimension of fillers allows for very favorable reaction kinetics, with the formation in most cases of fine-grained phase pure ceramics at low temperature [
While phase purity and limited grain size are easy to achieved, densification remains an important issue. The poor interdiffusion, if positive for limiting the grain growth, has a negative impact on density. Dense zones are generally surrounded by a number of submicron pores, which could be ascribed to the gas evolution upon ceramic transformation, as well as incomplete sintering. The porosity in pure mullite from MK silicone and nano-sized γ-Al2O3, as shown in
An important improvement, especially for pure mullite, comes from the introduction of further fillers. As an example, TiO2 nano-particles promote the densification by decreasing the viscosity (above 1200 °C) of the amorphous silica provided by the polymer; in other words, silica is modified by the incorporation of titania, and transient viscous sintering (as reported by other authors [
The limited interdiffusion is a constraint also for the morphology of crystals. All polymer-derived mullite-based materials developed so far possess, in fact, equiaxed grains. A remarkable exception is represented by recently prepared mullite ceramics, clearly exhibiting anisotropic crystal growth, as illustrated in
The density of polymer-derived mullite may be improved also by changing the silica source. In particular, with 50% of the silica provided by MK and 50% by another polymer, H62C (a liquid polymer, with a silica yield of 58% [
Dense mullite-based ceramics, e.g., with relative density from 93% to 97%, can be produced also by another refined approach, involving changes in the filler and in the firing atmosphere. Riedel
In some cases (e.g., in zircon, forsterite and cordierite ceramics [
the reduction of the gas release during polymer cross-linking, due to different cross-linking reactions occurring in the two polymers;
the application of a crosslinking step (30 min at 250 °C) before powder compaction, which involves a certain degree of shrinkage, which is consequently absent in the subsequent pyrolysis.
Binary systems, comprising silica and one metal oxide, may be complicated by the formation of multiple silicate phases, each with a specific molar balance between silica and the metal oxide. A fundamental example is given by silica coupled with CaO, leading to many silicates with a different CaO/SiO2 molar ratio, such as CaO·SiO2 (=CaSiO3), 3CaO·2SiO2, 2CaO·SiO2 and 3CaO·SiO2, in their polymorphic variants, useful mostly for applications in the field of biomaterials [
Other complex binary systems correspond to the interaction of silicones with MgO and Y2O3. Enstatite contaminations (MgO·SiO2 = MgSiO3) can be produced in a formulation theoretically yielding forsterite (2MgO·SiO2 = Mg2SiO4), to be used as a biomaterial [
Yttria and silica can combine into two silicates,
Ternary systems pose difficulties, besides the possible formation of many silicate phases, according to multiple combinations among silica and oxides (e.g., the CaO-MgO-SiO2 system may lead to CaMgSi2O6, known as diopside, or Ca2MgSi2O7, known as akermanite, and so on), also for the possible formation of silica-free compounds. As an example, cordierite (2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2, or Mg2Al4Si5O18) and gehlenite (2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2, or Ca2Al2SiO7) may be accompanied by Mg and Ca aluminates, respectively. The formation of silica-free compounds impedes the complete incorporation and reaction of oxides with the polymer-derived silica, with the risk of the formation of cristobalite. The contaminations may be removed by adjusting the firing temperatures (MgAl2O4 disappears in polymer-derived cordierite fired at 1350 °C [
(Silicon) oxynitrides are intrinsically challenging to produce from preceramic polymers and fillers, due to the very complex reaction paths possible, involving carbothermal reduction and nitridation. C in SiCO or SiCN ceramic residues, deriving from polysiloxanes and polysilazanes, respectively, when treated in nitrogen, must be removed as CO. These interactions may be summarized by the following general reaction schemes:
where M
The balance of Si, O, N and C atoms in the ceramic residues of preceramic polymers is not strictly defined; it is highly sensitive to the processing conditions, especially for polysilazanes (for which significant oxygen contaminations in the SiCN residue should be taken into account);
Silicate formation may precede the formation of oxynitride phases; in particular, silicones and nano-sized alumina lead to mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2), subsequently subjected to carbothermal reduction and nitridation, with the separation of corundum in addition to the desired SiAlON phase (3Al2O3·2SiO2 + 6C + 2N2 → Si2Al4O4N4 + 6CO + Al2O3) [
Reducing conditions may lead to the formation of other by-products, e.g., SiO gas; the escape of SiO has, obviously, an impact on the stoichiometry of the obtained oxynitride;
The ceramic residue does not react as a homogeneous mixture of Si, O, N and C atoms; e.g., a SiC separate phase may first form, with an impact on the stoichiometry of the obtained oxynitride and on secondary reactions (e.g., 2SiO2 + SiC → 3SiO + CO) [
The development of many gaseous species impedes the obtainment of monolithic samples. This finding, however, does not compromise the potential of the approach for the development of porous bodies, ceramic joints (e.g., the joining of pre-shaped SiAlON pieces by ceramization of the silicone/nano-alumina interlayer [
Mullite, zircon, cordierite and SiAlON are widely appreciated as high temperature ceramics, especially for their high thermal shock resistance (in turn, associated with the relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion); in addition, silicates, such as mullite and forsterite, are generally used in high-performance electronic packaging [
Highly porous ceramics, to be used as filters or highly porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, may be seen as the "easiest" product from preceramic polymers [
Monolithic and cellular components often rely on the grinding of the solid residue, in turn determined by the drying of silicone-based suspensions, in large glass containers, in order to prepare "composite" powders. The grinding step can be avoided if preceramic polymers and fillers are used for coatings. Suspensions based on silicones and nano-sized fillers, as an example, were used to coat both SiC foams and SiAlON monoliths. The drying directly on the substrates determines the formation of a composite layer, later ceramized upon firing in air or nitrogen, respectively. In the first case, the coating is aimed at the development of a silicate environmental barrier coating, aimed at protecting SiC from extensive oxidation; in the second case, the coating acts as a polymeric glue, at low temperature (SiAlON pieces are joined across the coated surface), and transforms into a SiAlON joint, at high temperature [
A second type of "unshaped" polymer-derived product is represented by powders, from the direct firing of silicone/filler mixtures. The X-ray diffraction patterns in
A further case study, in the field of phosphor powders, concerns gehlenite (2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2) ceramics. This system has an impressive "tunability", depending on the choice of dopants, on the ratios between main oxides and on the firing atmosphere. As reported above, the partial replacement of Ca2+ ions with Eu3+ could be compensated for by the tuning of the Al/Si ratio, forming the solid solution Ca1.86Eu0.14Al(Al1.14Si0.86O7), which represents the only crystal phase for treatments in air (firing at 1300 °C, for 1h), as shown by
Polymer-derived gehlenite is interesting also when doping with Ce3+ instead of with Eu3+. For treatments in air, the reduction of CeO2 into Ce2O3 was not complete, even at 1300 °C, as testified by the presence of un-reacted oxide (see
Modifications at the nano-scale of preceramic polymer enable the fabrication of a vast range of advanced ceramics to be applied in numerous engineering and specialized applications. These modifications are quite simple, since: (i) preceramic polymers are in most cases easily dissolved in organic solvents, so that nano-sized fillers, active or passive, can be dispersed homogeneously; and (ii) the backbone of a preceramic polymer generally presents side groups, such as -OH, which can easily react with metallorganic compounds, with the development of metal-modified polymers.
The versatility of the technology has already been appreciated in the fabrication of components suitable for biological, high temperature and functional (e.g., phosphors) applications, but we can say that, probably, we are just at the beginning; in fact, several improvements and refinements are expected in many aspects, including:
Processing environment: composition and phase assemblage of non-oxide ceramics (oxycarbide, oxynitrides) from reactive systems (metal-modified polymers or polymers embedding active fillers) depend on the processing environment (flow rate of nitrogen or argon, type of furnace), so that reproducibility could be an issue; products should be associated with a specific protocol, to be carefully defined;
Availability of preceramic polymers: from
Ceramic compositions: silicates,
The authors wish to thank Chiara Bergo, Jean François Carlotti, Alberto Cranio, Pedro Mendanha Dias, Gabriele Dal Maso, Stefano Pilati, Samuele Ruaro and Ireneo Vidali (University of Padova, Italy) for the experimental assistance, and they gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Italy-Germany bilateral research program "Vigoni", for research on silicate bioceramics, and of the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme through a Marie-Curie Research Training Network ("FUnctional Nitrides for Energy Applications—FUNEA", PITN-2010-264873). The authors are also indebted to Emanuel Ionescu (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany) and Günter Motz (University of Bayreuth, Germany), for gently providing figures (
Laura Fiocco, Giulio Parcianello and Enrico Storti conducted the part of experiments described in the present review effectively performed at the University of Padova, under the supervision of Enrico Bernardo and Paolo Colombo. Enrico Bernardo planned the experiments and the structure of the article. The article was written and edited by Enrico Bernardo, Laura Fiocco and Paolo Colombo.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Preparative strategy for polymer-derived ceramic nanocomposites (PDC-NCs) from suitable single-source precursors (as for oxycarbide-based PDC-NCs): the TEM micrographs depict the evolution of the phase composition in the case of a SiHfOC-based material [
Polycarbosilazane-derived ceramic fibers with well dispersed nanotubes [
Mullite-based ceramics from MK polymer filled with γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles: the effect of secondary filler (ZrO2 nano-particles), sintering aid (TiO2 nano-particles) and partial changes in the starting polymer (50% silica provided by MK polymer; 50% provided by H62C polymer).
Detail of mullite ceramic with acicular microstructure, obtained from MK polymer filled with γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles and borax.
Silicate coatings on Si-SiC foams: (
X-ray diffraction patterns (
Development of polymer-derived gehlenite phosphors in air or in nitrogen atmosphere: (
Summary of silicate and oxynitride ceramics from preceramic polymers and nano-sized fillers prepared at the University of Padova (* not previously published).
|Ceramic phase
|Nano-sized filler
|Secondary components
|Mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2)
|γ-Al2O3 (15 nm, E)
|Monoliths grain size <300 nm
|Denser samples
|Acicular mullite crystals
|ZTM (Zirconia Toughened Mullite)
|γ-Al2O3 (15 nm, E)
|ZrO2 (13 nm, E)
|Reinforced monoliths (
|Wollastonite (CaO·SiO2)
|Monoliths and foams
|CaO (<170 nm, D)
|CaCO3 (90 nm, P)
|n-HAp, m-HAp
|CaCO3 (90 nm, P)
|3D scaffolds
|Yttrium mono-silicate (Y2O3·SiO2)
|Y2O3 (30–50 nm, I)
|Eu2O3 (45-60 nm, C)
|Phosphor powders
|Yttrium di-silicate (Y2O3·2SiO2)
|Environmental barrier coatings
|Zircon (ZrO2·SiO2)
|ZrO2 (13 nm, E)
|TiO2 (13 nm, E)
|Monoliths, environmental barrier coatings
|Forsterite (2MgO·SiO2)
|MgO (30 nm, I)
|TiO2 (13 nm, E)
|Monoliths for dielectric components
|Willemite (2ZnO·SiO2)
|ZnO (30–50 nm, I)
|Phosphor powders
|Cordierite (2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2)
|γ-Al2O3 (15 nm, E)
|Monoliths and foams
|Gehlenite (2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2)
|γ-Al2O3 (15 nm, E)
|Eu2O3 (45-60 nm, C)
|Phosphors for treatment in air or in N2; Ce-doping effective in N2
|Akermanite (2CaO·MgO·2SiO2)
|CaCO3 (90 nm, P)
|m-HAp Borax
|Monoliths and foams
|Hardystonite (2CaO·ZnO·2SiO2)
|γ-Al2O3 (15 nm, E)
|Eu2O3 (45-60 nm, C)
|Phosphor powders
|γ-Al2O3 (15 nm, E)
|Si3N4, AlN, SiC
|Monoliths, foams, ceramic joints
|Si3N4 (20 nm, G)
|Monoliths, phosphor powders
|γ-Al2O3 (15 nm, E)
|Eu2O3 (45-60 nm, C)
|Phosphor powders
|Y2O3 (30–50 nm, I)
|Eu2O3 (45-60 nm, C)
|Phosphor powders
Notes: Suppliers of nano-sized fillers: C = Cometox Srl, Milan, Italy; D = DGTech, Grenoble, France; E = Evonik Industries AG, Essen, Germany; G = Goodfellows, Huntingdon, U.K.; I = Inframat Advanced Materials, Manchester, CT; M = MKnano, M K Index Corp., Missisauga, Canada; P = PlasmaChem GmbH, Berlin, Germany; m-HAp: hydroxyalapatite micro-powders; b-HAp: hydroxyalapatite nano-powders; m-TiO2: titania micopowders; Polymers: MK, H44 and H62C (silicones) from Wacker Chemie AG, München, Germany; PSZ20: KiON Defence Technologies Inc., Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA;. NN120-20: Clariant AG, Sulzbach, Germany.
Formulations used for the development of silicate coatings on Si-SiC foams.
|Amount used for Y-DS coating (wt%)
|Amount used for zircon coating (wt%)
|MK polymer
|H62C polymer
|Mullite powders
|Zircon powders
|Isopropyl alcohol


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Re: Delta function could not be got when delta function is the answer
On Sat, 11 Feb 2006, PengYu.UT at gmail.com wrote:
> Sum[E^(-2*Pi*I*n*p*k), {n, -Infinity, Infinity}]
> The above summation should give an delta function. However, 0 is given
> by Mathematica 5.0. Is it a bug. Is there any workaround to get the
> delta function?
> Thanks,
> Peng
Hello Peng,
The answer 0 given by Sum for your example is incorrect.
The Sum function gives classical (non-distributional)
results for convergent sums. In the example sent by
you, the sum is computed by dividing the interval
(-Infinity, Infinity) into the sub-intervals
(-Infinity, 0) and (1, Infinity). However, there is
a failure to check convergence before applying this
procedure, leading to the incorrect result.
The convergence failure itself appears to be due
to the presence of the symbolic parameters 'p'
and 'k' in the input. As seen below, if we
give specific numerical values to these parameters
then Sum returns unevaluated.
In[1]:= $Version
Out[1]= 5.2 for Linux (June 27, 2005)
In[2]:= Sum[E^(-2*Pi*I*n*p*k), {n, -Infinity, Infinity}]
Out[2]= 0
In[3]:= p = 1;
In[4]:= k = 1;
In[5]:= Sum[E^(-2*Pi*I*n*p*k), {n, -Infinity, Infinity}]
Sum::div: Sum does not converge.
Sum::div: Sum does not converge.
(-2 I) n Pi
Out[5]= Sum[E , {n, -Infinity, Infinity}]
I apologize for the confusion caused by this problem.
Devendra Kapadia.
Wolfram Research, Inc.


text:
Professor Kaushik Roy appointed as Edward G. Tiedemann Jr. Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering
The Purdue University Board of Trustees on Friday (May 10) ratified appointments of five named and distinguished professors at the West Lafayette campus.
The board approved Kaushik Roy as the Edward G. Tiedemann Jr. Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Professor Roy has been at Purdue since 1993 when he was appointed assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering. He became associate professor in 1997, professor in 2001 and the Roscoe H. George Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2005.
His research interests include spintronics, low-power electronics, silicon and non-silicon device/circuit co-design, and new computing models/architecture enabled by emerging devices. He was the first to propose the use of power gating (sleep transistor) to reduce leakage, a technique now widely used in industry. He has been awarded 19 patents and published more than 200 journal papers, 400 conference papers and two books.
He has received the Humboldt Research Award for senior scientists, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Circuits and Systems Society Technical Achievement Award, Semiconductor research Corporation Technical Excellence Award, Fulbright-Nehru Distinguished chair, Distinguished Alumnus Award from Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur, the National Science Foundation Career Development Award, and was a Purdue Faculty Scholar. He is a fellow of the IEEE.
Roy earned his bachelor's degree from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and his doctorate from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.


text:
Saints TE Jeremy Shockey did not practice on Thursday and made a visit to Dr. James Andrews this week to check on his ailing right knee. But Shockey said he will play in Super Bowl XLIV -- even if it hurts him more.
"There's no holding the reins back," Shockey said, via the AP. "I'll do everything I can, even it that requires hurting myself, to win the game because you got a lot of time to rehab and things of that nature to get right in the offseason."
Shockey missed Super Bowl XLII when he was a member of the Giants after breaking his leg in December of 2007. He said he won't surrender the chance to play in the big game this time.
"The last two games you guys have seen me play, it wasn't really me," Shockey said. "I was out there on one leg. It felt like being on a pogo stick. This week I'll have two pogo sticks instead of one." -- Sean Leahy
Nate Davis is a reporter, blogger and editor who's been at USA TODAY since 2000. He has covered the NFL since 2005. No, he did not play quarterback for Ball State. Davis' succession of our esteemed colleague Sean Leahy at The Huddle is considered a Brady-for-Bledsoe swap by most "insiders."More about Nate


text:
Browsing by Subject "Photochemistry"
Now showing items 1-20 of 76
#3134. Photochemistry-carbohydrates, cellulose. Project reports (1) (Appleton, Wisconsin : the Institute,Georgia Institute of Technology, 1972)
#3134. Photochemistry-carbohydrates, cellulose. Project reports (2) (Appleton, Wisconsin : the Institute,Georgia Institute of Technology, 1974)
Aerocolloid formation from material under radiation (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1975-08)
Analysis of tryptophan photochemistry and photophysics in lens protein and free monomer (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989-05)
An anomeric effect in photochemical hydrogen abstraction reactions of tetrahydropyranyl ethers (Appleton, Wisconsin : the Institute,Georgia Institute of Technology, 1975-11)
Approaches to the synthesis of 5/7 fused and spirocyclic sesquiterpenes (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1969-12)
The attempted synthesis of an electron-deficient isonitrile (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1973-05)
Bacteriorhodopsin excited state dynamics and photochemistry (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000-12)
Brightness reversion of mechanical pulps VIII: fate of dienic additives during brightness reversion of high-yield pulp (Atlanta, Georgia : the Institute,Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996-09)
Brightness reversion of mechanical pulps. XV, Photostabilization of mechanical pulps by UV absorber: surface photochemical studies using diffuse reflectance technique (Atlanta, Georgia : the Institute,Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998-08)
Characterizing the photochemical environment over China (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012-03-30)The rapid rising anthropogenic emissions driven by economic growth over China documented by satellite observations and bottom-up inventories have led to severely degraded air quality, and also have been suggested to be ...
Charge distribution in photoexcited molecules (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990-05)
A comparison of NMHC oxidation mechanisms using specified gas mixtures and trace-P field data (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005-11-15)This work has focused on showing the differences among four different NMHC oxidation mechanisms: GT Lurmann, CBIV, RACM, and SAPRC mechanisms. This study was carried out to characterize these mechanisms using both specified ...
A comparison of photochemistry at rural sites in the Southeastern United States and Southeastern China (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994-08)
Concentrated solar chemistry: design stage theoretical thermodynamic analysis of an iron-ethylene production process (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013-05-09)Although concentrated solar power can be used to produce power using traditional electricity generation, energy storage has become a problem due to the intermittent supply of solar energy. By using solar energy in chemical ...
Development and application of a photofragmentation/laser-induced flourescence detection system for atmospheric nitrous acid by Michael Owen Rodgers (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986-12)
Diagnostic and theoretical studies of global tropospheric photochemistry (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1984)
Effect of microenvironment on the photolysis of tryptophan residues in peptides and proteins (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1984-05)
Electric-dipole photodisintegration of 3H and 4He: a test of some current theoretical techniques (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991-12)
Energy transfer enhancement of photon upconversion systems for solar energy harvesting (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012-10-02)Photon energy upconversion (UC), a process that can convert two or more photons with low energy to a single photon of higher energy, has the potential for overcoming the thermodynamic efficiency limits of sunlight-powered ...


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- 22 total posts
- 1 review
- 21 comments
Reviews & Stories
Thrilled with my New Curves - New York, NY
I chose him because he was recommended by my friend who works as a dancer. He did aggressive lipo and made dramatic curves. I was asleep and didn't feel a thing. The recovery was tough but not terrible. I was just really really sore for a few weeks. It was totally worth it because I love my new curves. Coming up on a year after my BBL and i still love it. My butt really held it's shape. I... READ MORE
Recent comments from sultrysarah
I am not sure why my comment was removed as "a violation". I never said anything derogatory. All I said was that it seems inappropriate for the doctor to engage in these patient forums. Sure, he may have the right to, but it prevents... READ COMMENT
Take a look at dr Schulman in manhattan. i thought he was great and there are a lot of his patients on here too. READ COMMENT
Good luck. He was my doc and I absolutely adore him and the girls in the office. He gave me an amazing result. There are quite a few of us on here and I think he is the best there is outside of Miami. READ COMMENT
That last comment was response to Eilson - I typed it in the wrong spot. Still trying to get a hang of this site :) READ COMMENT
You are scheduled with Dr Schulman? Isn't he the best? I love him! I didn't bring wish pics with me to the first consult, but I emailed some to him a few weeks before my surgery to show him what I wanted. He seems to have a great eye... READ COMMENT


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From the beginning of free agency the New York Knicks have targeted Elton Brand to fill the teams need for frontcourt depth off the bench. At the same time they've kept in touch with Kenyon Martin. Brand has informed New York that they don't have enough money left for him and he'll be signing elsewhere. That caused the Knicks to enter negotiations with Martin in hopes of re-signing him. However, what happens if negotiations fall through and the Knicks can't get Martin to sign on the dotted line? Could the New York Knicks turn their attention to underrated big man Jason Maxiell?
The last we heard of Jason Maxiell he was missing the final eight games of the Detroit Pistons season because of a detached retina. He had successful surgery but was told to stay away from basketball-related activities which ended his season. It was a bad ending to an even worse season in Detroit.
Maxiell is a 6'7", 260 pound power forward from Chicago, illinois. He was selected 26th overall in the 2005 NBA Draft by the Pistons and has played there his entire career. However, with the Pistons ready to start Andre Drummond full time, Maxiell's time with Detroit is over.
That being said, Maxiell had a very solid year last season. He started every game but one he played in, 71 of 72. Although he played for $5 million last season, Maxiell has gone relatively unnoticed in this free agent period and will clearly have to take a big pay cut.
That being said, Maxiell averaged 6.9 points, 1.3 blocks, 0.4 steals, 0.8 assists and 5.7 rebounds in 24.8 minutes a game. While those aren't mind blowing statistics they are solid, especially on such a challenged team as the Pistons. If he were give 20-25 minutes off the bench these numbers would be more than adequate.
Something else that should make him attractive for the Knicks is his consistent availability. Meaning, following his rookie season where he only played 26 games Maxiell has averaged 71 games a year for the past seven NBA seasons. The fact he's a lunch-pale player who will show up to work is a big deal for a team ravaged by injuries so often. Having someone like Maxiell in case Amare Stoudemire, Andrea Bargnani or Tyson Chandler miss time could be very valuable for the Knicks.
You can't blame Detroit for moving on from Maxiell. After all, they have two centers — Andre Drummond and Greg Monroe — they want to get into the starting lineup together. They're on a youth movement in Detroit and they envision those two titans patrolling the paint for years to come. The other big men on their roster will just have to find work elsewhere. Maxiell is one of those casualties.
Maxiell is a bit short for a power forward but he makes up for it with his jumping ability, mass and body control. He's a blue-collar player. He plays with a high motor, is an extremely hard worker and plays basketball with passion.
The truth is, the Knicks aren't as old as they use to be. In fact, the only aging player on their roster at this point is point guard Pablo Prigioni. Besides him, all of the older players are gone. Kurt Thomas and Rasheed Wallace are retired, Marcus Camby was traded to the Toronto Raptors and we know Martin remains a free agent.
Maxiell, known as Mad Max, is 30 years old. He could be a steady force in a group of big men filled with question marks. While it's not likely Maxiell would want to sign for the Knicks remaining money — somewhere between $1.5-1.75 million — or the veteran's minimum on a multi-year deal, he could sign with the Knicks and use next season to prove his worth and drive up his cost for teams next off-season.
Maxiell has everything the Knicks should be looking for this off-season. He can score a little bit in the post, he's tough and isn't afraid to use his brute strength and he has a terrific wingspan. On top of that, he's a good rebounder, he has very good leaping ability and has good hands.
He also has a mid-range jumper that he can make defenses pay with when he's open. He's also a good passer for a big man and will get the ball away from double teams without a problem. In addition, he's a solid free throw shooter which is a change for most of the Knicks big men.
On defense, he's a good shot blocker and even when he doesn't get his hand on the ball he alters a lot of shots in the paint. He doesn't have the best lateral quickness but Maxiell rotates really well on help defense which isn't the Knicks biggest strength on that end. He seems like a player Mike Woodson would fall in love with.
Overall, Maxiell is a big man who plays very hard, has the experience Woodson demands from his roster and is durable. When you add all of that up he seems to be the perfect fit for the Knicks needs. He may not be as sexy of a name as Elton Brand or Kenyon Martin but Jason Maxiell might be the best fit for New York coming off the bench.


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September 13th, 2011 [view detail]
"Spinning Tops"
Lauren Nassef
Print # 38 of 100
5.25" x 6.5" (plus border for framing)
Lauren has chosen Action Against Hunger as her artwork's charity. Action Against Hunger / ACF International is a global humanitarian organization committed to ending world hunger. The organization works to save the lives of malnourished children while providing communities with access to safe water and sustainable solutions to hunger. $250 dollars from the sale of Lauren's artwork will be donated to the organization.


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Since the Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine became the first public veterinary school in the U.S. in 1879, its graduates have excelled as leaders in all facets of the profession in all parts of the world. To continue this long tradition of excellence, as a part of Moving Students Forward, the college seeks support for general scholarships, diversity scholarships, experiential learning, and graduate student support.
The debt that today's veterinary students carry is concerning, and general scholarships help keep an Iowa State education accessible for students with a passion for veterinary medicine. Diversity scholarships support future veterinarians and researchers of all backgrounds and enrich the learning experience for all students in the college. Support for experiential learning allows students to pursue leadership roles in the college's 33 student organizations or participate in international study trips or preceptorships. Finally, graduate research fellowships enable top graduate students to work alongside faculty mentors conducting important studies in the areas of animal and human health and food security.
Thank you for considering a gift of student support that will help the College of Veterinary Medicine prepare tomorrow's leaders in veterinary medicine.
For more than 130 years, the Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine has been committed to enhancing the health and well-being of animals throughout Iowa, the region, the nation, and the world. As the nation's first public veterinary college, Iowa State has come to be recognized for the quality of its education and its outstanding services for companion animals and livestock.
As the interconnectedness between human and animal medicine becomes more apparent, Iowa State continues to provide cutting-edge research and discoveries that will address critical human and animal health issues and make lives safer, healthier, and more prosperous.
Private support is essential to the college's success. Examples of philanthropy in action in the College of Veterinary Medicine include:
Ongoing support is crucial to advancing the mission of the College of Veterinary Medicine and benefits the college's students, faculty and staff.
Experiential Learning Support "I have spent my life around animals and feel it is my life's calling to heal and protect them. I can never express my gratitude adequately for the support I have received at Iowa State." Read More
Scholarship Support "Debt is never a good thing, but with the cost of veterinary school it is inevitable. The scholarship will greatly reduce the time it will take to repay my loans, allowing me to accomplish my career goals faster. Thank you." Read More
Diversity Support "Scholarships are invaluable at a time when the job market is not at its best. Incurring debt is stressful, and receiving a scholarship is a relief and a reminder that working hard for your dreams is worth it." Read More
Graduate Support "In my position as a post-doctoral fellow, I will be able to work with some of the leading experts in swine health management and pharmacology as I undertake research endeavors." Read More
2505 University Boulevard, P.O. Box 2230, Ames, Iowa 50010-2230, 866.419.6768.
Copyright ©2013, Iowa State University Foundation. All rights reserved.


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LINDBERGH, Charles August, a Representative from Minnesota; born in Stockholm, Sweden, January 20, 1859; immigrated to the United States in 1860 with his parents, who settled on a farm near Melrose, Stearns County, Minn.; attended the common schools, Grove Lake (Minn.) Academy, and the St. Cloud (Minn.) Normal School; was graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1883; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Little Falls, Minn.; also engaged in agricultural pursuits; prosecuting attorney of Morrison County 1891-1893; elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1907-March 3, 1917); did not seek renomination in 1916, but was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate on the Non-Partisan League ticket; resumed the practice of law; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Minnesota as a Progressive Republican, with Non-Partisan League endorsement, in 1918; was a candidate for the nomination for Governor on the Farmer-Labor ticket in 1924, but his death occurred before the primary election was held; died in Crookston, Minn., May 24, 1924; remains were cremated and the ashes deposited in the columbarium in Lakewood Cemetery, Minneapolis, Minn.
Father: August LINDBERGH
Mother: Louisa CARLINE
Marriage 1 Evangeline Lodge LAND b: 29 MAY 1876 in Michigan
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Great Barrier Island Fire Update
Media advisory No 1
0825am, 23 January 2013
Great Barrier Island Fire Update
Three helicopters are currently working on the fire which is approximately one kilometre in extent. The southern side of the fire, closest to Claris airfield, is still active.
Rural fire staff are doing reconnaissance this morning to establish the extent of the affected area.
No property damage has occurred and no-one has been injured. The protection of life and property are key priorities and a welfare centre has been established at a local club for those who were evacuated overnight.
Police have been in to assist with the evacuation, road closures and to ensure public safety. As a precaution 20 properties in the Okupu Ridge area were evacuated overnight to the Okupu Sports Centre, although the fire has not yet entered the Okupu area.
Modest northeasterly winds overnight have continued to spread fire in a south and southeasterly direction. Hector-Sanderson Road was breached by the fire overnight and subsequently closed.
Okiwi airfield is still operational but operations at Claris airport have been affected. Northeasterly winds, between 35 and 40km/hr, are forecast for the remainder of the day but are expected ease this evening and overnight. Firefighters have worked through the night with fresh crews started at 0630 hours. Due to safety concerns, helicopter crews were stood down overnight.
The cause has not been established and is currently being investigated.


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Deborah Lippmann The Stripper To Go Nail Lacquer Remover Finger Mitts
Take it off. Take it all off: Each envelope holds one finger mitt infused with lavender-scented polish remover that can strip color or lacquer from all 10 nails. Bonus: The formula contains aloe vera, so the process is fast and skin-friendly, too.
To buy: $12 for six packets, nordstrom.com.


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The Savannah Grit 175k
Mark your calendars for the new Savannah Grit 175k three day stage race coming to Savannah, Ga May 23,24,25, 2015. This event will be a true test of endurance and toughness! You, your family and friends will get to see just what kind of grit you're really made of!
The Savannah Grit 175k stage race will consist of:
- stage 1: 100k at the Whitemarsh Island Preserve, Savannah, Ga.
- stage 2: 50k Tom Triplett Park in Pooler, Ga
- stage 3: 25k held in the Roberd's dairy farm and Thunderbolt
- stage 4: 1 mile sprint held at Wormsloe Historic site.
Registration is open to solo runners and teams!
This is how the race works…
- stage winner: male and female with the fastest (lowest) finish time.
- Overall winner of the Savannah Grit 175k: male and female with the lowest cumulative time of all four stages.
- Overall winning team of the Savannah Grit 175k: team that has the overall lowest cumulative time of each team mate's times when combined.
- Teams must consist of four runners (no exceptions). You must register as a team via ultrasignup. Your team must have a name.
- Team mates must compete in each stage.
- Note: The overall male and female winner can be in a team. At the end of the Grit, there will be one 1st place male and female regardless of whether they are in a team or are solo.
The Swagging:
- Each stage winner (male/female): will get a yellow performance running hat.
- runner up of each stage (male/female): will get a blue performance running hat.
- Overall winning team: will get a black performance running hat.
- Age groups stage winners (=<30, 31-41, 42-52, 53+): each will get a white performance running hat.
- Male and female that wins every stage: will get a pink performance running hat.
In all, we will potentially give out:
white hats: 32
yellow hats: 8
blue hats: 8
black hats: 4
pink hats: 2
The performance running hats will have the Savannah Grit 175k name and logo embroidered on it. The coveted pink hats will be the hardest hats to win and, truthfully, no one may ever win one!
- The male and female that end up with the lowest cumulative time of all four stages wins the Savannah Grit 175k. A trophy will be given to the male and female winners of the Grit.
- All runners that complete each stage at the end of the Savannah Grit 175k Stage Race will receive a belt buckle for having run 109 miles.
- If any male or female win all four stages they each will receive a pink performance running hat.
This link leads to a google docs presentation explaining the Grit well:
An interesting aspect of this race is that a runner doesn't have to win (male or female) every nor any stage and yet can still win the race overall. Winning this race ultimately comes down to running a very smart race. In the end, the male and female runner that wins will be the one with the lowest cumulative time of all 4 stages.
Run 4 a Reason
Dan Hernandez
Below is a breakdown of where each stage of the Grit will be held and their distance from the Roberd's Dairy Farm which is where the headquarters of the Savannah Grit will be held.
The Roberd's Dairy Farm is open to campers that are registered for the Grit.
The Savannah Grit 175k will be headquartered in the Roberd's Dairy Farm.
Roberd's Dairy Farm
2500 Tennessee Ave.
Savannah, Ga. 31404
The Roberd's Dairy Farm is 4.7 miles from downtown Savannah, Ga.
Stage 1: 100k
Whitemarsh Island Preserve
Off Johnny Mercer Ave, Whitemarsh Island, Savannah, Ga. 31410
Course: 2 mile trail loop, 2/3 mile paved trail, rest of trail is hardpacked, sandy, rooty.
The Whitemarsh Preserve is 4.5 miles from the Roberd's Dairy Farm
Stage 2: 50k
Tom Triplett Community Park
1335 US Highway 80 E.
Pooler, Ga. 31322
Course: 10k loop. Approximately 1/3 of a mile of the course is paved. The rest is single-
track, undeveloped, sandy, rooty, hardpacked, swampy/boggy, flat.
Tom Triplett park is 13.1 miles from the Roberd's Dairy Farm
Stage 3: 25k
Roberd's Dairy Farm and Thunderbolt
2500 Tennessee Ave
Savannah, Ga.
Course: 7.72 mile loop. 2/3's of the course is on paved road. The rest of the course is undeveloped grassy, sandy, hardpacked trail.
Stage 4: 1 mile
Wormsloe Historic Site
7601 Skidaway Rd,
Savannah, Ga. 31406
Course: gravelly, sandy trail, flat
Wormsloe Historic Site is 7.1 miles from the Roberd's Dairy Farm


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Although the layout of a conservation operation depends on the amount and type of space available, there are some basic requirements to consider. It is useful to draw up a floor plan on graph paper and experiment with different layouts. This will ensure that adequate space is assigned for furniture, machines, services, and utilities, and that the best possible use is made of that space.
All benches and work surfaces should be a standard 96 centimeters high. This height has been found to work well with staff of various sizes and is designed to allow staff to work standing or sitting on adjustable stools or chairs. For most conservation functions, it is best that staff stand and move to fully utilize all the work surface. For this reason, the work surface should be large (suggested standard bench is 2.44 meters x 1.24 meters), with materials spread along its surface to encourage staff to work on groups of materials. For paper conservators, it is useful to have collapsible tables with a lower height of 77 centimeters for working on oversize materials such as maps. The lower height allows the staff to reach the center of a large piece.
Space between benches and other work surfaces should be a minimum of 1 meter. This allows staff to move about freely and book trucks to navigate through. Benches should not be placed against a wall; there should be enough space to allow a number of staff to work on group projects at the same bench.
Machines should generally be grouped along a wall, their placement determined by their use. For example, leaf casters, which require water, need to be close to a sink, and the suction table should be within easy reach of the fume hood/cupboard so that solvents can be vented. In a stiffening operation, the power paper cutter should always be sited against a wall and the machine gluing function should be performed close to a sink.
The rolling table is the same height and width as the standard bench but half the length, with a work surface area of 1.24 meters x 1.24 meters. Lockable wheels allow the table to be set against a standard bench, and it can be lengthened if needed. Drying racks, used for both book and paper conservation, should be mobile and moved against the wall when not needed.
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With the Big Game just days away you probably have your checklist of things to do: – Invite all your friends -Stock up on wings, chips, dip and napkins – Fill the fridge with your favorite sodas and brews – Make sure the cable bill is paid in full – Decorate den in your [Read More…]
God's Super Bowl Team
February 1, 2013 by 3 Comments
Colin Kaepernick: Mother & Child Reunion
January 25, 2013 by 3 Comments
I don't know if you have been following all the hoopla over the upcoming Super Bowl. If so, perhaps you have seen the story about 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick? Adopted out as an infant, Colin's birth mother has come forward to say she is eager to have a face-to-face meeting with her son — when, if, [Read More…]


text: I wonder this becuase I do not want to exceed my hitch limits, or put too much strain on my engine. I know there are many factors that are included in this, like if the leaves are wet and the cubic yard amount. I'm thinking about 7-10 cu. yrds or so.....If any one has any idea, please let me know. I'm also looking for a new trailer to handle this additional weight, maybe a 6 x 12 big tex, but I have never had a big tex trailer, are they any good? Any input appreaciated.


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Sponsored centers in or near Columbus
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There are, thankfully, many Columbus exclusive alcohol abuse programs that can help even the most serious alcohol addict. If you need assistance finding excellent alcohol rehab Columbus has to offer, you can call our hotline, at no cost at 1-888-744-0069. Helpful service advisors are on-hand to take your call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
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Alcoholism Intervention
Using a qualified interventionist is often needed to help a person come to terms with the damage their drinking is doing to their health and livelihood. The intervention process consists of having those closest to the alcoholic come together, seriously talking about their addiction, and begging them to enter a substance abuse treatment program.
Alcohol Detox Program
Detoxifying is the process of flushing the drugs from the system, in this case alcohol. While it sounds simple, there are a number of somewhat unpleasant and serious symptoms of withdrawal that can keep people from getting the treatment they need. Many of these can be administered to medically at most treatment facilities you'll find in Columbus, MS.
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Luxury Columbus alcohol rehabs tend to have a lower rate of relpase than outpatient centers, which is one reason why many find them better when attempting to get clear of alcohol. There are many private options available for those seeking top-tier amenities during their stay. 30, 60 and 90-day regimens of treatment are typical for these centers.
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Remaining alcohol-free is a long-term process, but for those who feel like they need further assistance post-rehab, addiction therapy is worth a closer look. Through group meetings and counseling, those finishing recovery can further improve their support system and get the extra nudge they need to keep alcohol-free.
What About Luxury Alcohol Treatment Centers?
Luxury alcohol treatment centers in Columbus have a common goal: your health. If you want the top treatment in high-end accommodations, you should give serious consideration to these programs. Call our call our no-charge help line if you need help locating the best luxury alcohol facility at 1-888-744-0069.


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Valhalla captured its second consecutive Mount Pleasant Cup championship on Saturday with a 1-0 win over Briarcliff at home.
"It was really big. We've been looking forward to this season," tournament MVP Yuto Tobin said. "I think we can get a lot better."
Tobin, a junior midfielder, scored the only goal of the game with 15:26 remaining in the first half on an assist from George Kennedy.
"Yuto just kind of came down the middle," Valhalla coach Sandro Prosperino said. "It was a 30 yard rocket upper 90, and he hit it perfectly. It was an unbelievable shot."
The Vikings bring back seven starters from last year's team, which reached the Class B semifinals, and their early season success establishes them as a section title contender.
Prosperino was pleased with the effort, but hopes to see his team cash in on more scoring chances. Valhalla outshot the Bears, 11-3.
"We're leaving too many goals on the table," he said. "We had some opportunities to make it more than 1-0."
Westlake won the consolation final earlier in the day with a 2-0 win over Pleasantville. Carmine Cicchillo had a goal and an assist for the Wildcats.
Best of the rest: Bronxville's Sam Aherne four goals in a 5-0 win at Tuckahoe. … Pearl River's Chris Coughlan scored a hat trick in a 5-0 win at home over Nanuet. … North Rockland's Mark Goodall scored the only goal in the Red Raiders' 1-0 win at Warwick. … Fox Lane's Isaac Sanabria had four goals and an assist in a 9-1 win at home over Gorton. … Mamaroneck's Emmet Gaffney had a goal and two assists in a 4-0 win at Lakeland.


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What other names is Colocynth known by?Alhandal, Bitter Apple, Bitter Cucumber, Citrullus colocynthis, Colocynth Pulp, Colocynthidis Fructus, Colocynthis vulgaris, Coloquinte, Coloquíntida, Concombre Amer, Cucumis colocynthis, Koloquinthen, Pulpe de Coloquinte, Tumba, Vine-of-Sodom, Wild Gourd.
What is Colocynth?Colocynth is an herb. The ripe fruit is used as a medicine.
Despite serious safety concerns, colocynth is used in combination products for treating constipation, liver, and gallbladder ailments.
Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.


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Many schools have started anti-bullying programs, and now Mille Lacs County is starting one from the criminal justice perspective.
That's how Mille Lacs County Attorney Jan Jude explains the Golden Rule Project that she and two of her assistant county attorneys – Shauna Ryan and Heather Griesert – have formed.
Jude reviewed the Golden Rule Project for the Mille Lacs County Board of Commissioners at their Aug. 20 board meeting.
The core of the Golden Rule Project are six classes on anti-bullying for youth who are referred to the classes, set for Sept. 27 and Nov. 8 this year, and Jan. 3, Feb. 7, March 21 and May 16 next year. All the classes begin at 3:30 p.m. and take place in Conference Room D of the county's historic courthouse in Milaca. The classes are designed to have the a parent or parents of the juvenile attend alongside.
County Commissioner Genny Reynolds asked about the time that the County Attorney's Office is spending on the program, and Jude said it isn't possible to predict the total number of hours, beyond the six hours total for the classes. Jude said her office has already completed the hard part of the work, which was developing the project. She also said she is hoping the $15 class fee will cover the costs of making copies and other paperwork. There will be a little prep time and some staff time tracking the work in the project as well, Jude said.
The referrals for who would attend could come from a judge, the County Attorney's Office or a school, Jude said. If a judge makes the referral, the class would be a condition of probation, while the county attorney could order attendance as a diversion from having the youth prosecuted in court. A school could refer a student to attend in place of a school suspension.
The Golden Rule Project is not a replacement for the anti-bullying programs in schools, Jude said, but is meant to complement those programs.
Jude listed three reasons why the Golden Rule Project is worthwhile:
–The project would create more awareness of the problem of bullying.
–It can bring earlier intervention in a bullying situation.
–It can treat the problem of school truancy.
"A lot of kids get picked on and picked on and picked on and decide not to go to school," she said. "We will partner with schools to get ahead of and avoid situations."
Elaborating on intervention, Jude said her office has had many cases of juveniles being charged with an offense as a result of them lashing out at a bully. Sometimes the parent comes in upset about the charge because their child had been picked on for as much as six months before striking out at someone, Jude said.
Charges in these cases include disorderly conduct, assault and harassment, according to Jude.
Today's world of social media offers more opportunities for cyberbullying, Jude added, where a perpetrator might find it easier to say bad things about someone when they don't have to do it to their face, and some kids can be "real mean," she said.
Jude said that bullying is a serious issue, explaining that statistics show that involvement in bullying behavior increases the likelihood that a juvenile will have a criminal record by the time they reach their early 20s. She also said that kids who engage in bullying behavior more frequently report carrying weapons to school.
"I find this information alarming and our program is intended to address the safety concerns connected to bullying early on," she said.
The Golden Rule Project, the namesake on the golden rule of treating others as you would want to be treated, is also another tool to deal with cases that may not have risen to the level of criminal charges, Jude said.
"Our hope is that more education and information about alternative ways to deal with this problem will help bullies, victims and parents identify and utilize the help they need before safety is compromised and the criminal process is involved," Jude said in a statement.
Jude said that she and assistant attorneys began developing the Golden Rule Project about a year ago and timed it to start as the new school year is beginning. After a year from now, her office will review how it has gone and could decide whether to continue it. Jude also said that more classes could be scheduled than the six lined up so far.
County to address bullying with 'Golden Rule'
Many schools have started anti-bullying programs, and now Mille Lacs County is starting one from the criminal justice perspective.