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Originally written on The Camel Clutch Blog | Last updated 9/10/14
This past Tuesday, ESPN FILM's 30 on 30 series presented, The Real Rocky. The film discusses the life and career of boxer Chuck Wepner. During Wepner's career, he was nicknamed "The Bayonne Bleeder" because during a fight between himself and Sonny Liston. Related posts: A Review of ESPN Films' 30 For 30 "Charismatic" Book Review – Hitman: My Real Life in the Cartoon World of Wrestling The Still Real to Us Show: Episode #75 – Money in the Bank Review
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New Director For Whitey Bulger Biopic
And Johnny Depp may be back in the lead
There have been two film projects about mobster-turned-informant Whitey Bulger in development in recent years, and neither has had an easy journey. The version in the Ben Affleck / Matt Damon camp seems to have permanently stalled, but the signs are improving for its rival Black Mass. Scott Cooper (Crazy Heart) is now negotiating to rewrite and direct the film, and there is speculation that Johnny Depp may once again be circling the lead role.
Black Mass is adapted from Dick Lehr and Gerald O'Neill's book, subtitled The True Story Of An Unholy Alliance Between The FBI and The Irish Mob. Mark Mallouk originally wrote the screenplay, tracking Bulger's life masterminding a violent gang in Boston while also turning federal snitch to take down rivals. Bulger went on the run in 1994 when the FBI began making arrests and agents double-crossed and prosecuted him. After years on the Most Wanted list he was finally captured in 2011 in California, and now resides in a Massachusetts state prison, serving a sentence for second-degree murder.
Barry Levinson - who previously worked with Depp as a producer on the superficially similar Donnie Brasco back in 1997 - was all set to roll cameras on the film last May, until Depp dropped out over salary disagreements. Levinson, clearly, has also since departed, but with Cooper now almost in place, Depp is being courted once again. Whether financiers Cross Creek and Exclusive Media decide to grit their teeth and pay his reported $23m asking price this time remains to be seen.
Last year Joel Edgerton was set to play Bulger's childhood friend and FBI contact John Connolly (not the crime writer), but there's no mention this morning of whether he's still attached. Brian Oliver, Tyler Thompson and John Lesher remain the producers, and may shortly be joined by Christi Dembrowski of Depp's Infinitum Nihil production banner, should Depp come back aboard.

subset: commoncrawl


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Fridaynoun [ C ]uk /ˈfraɪ.deɪ/ us /ˈfraɪ.deɪ/ written abbreviation Fri.
A1 the day of the week after Thursday and before Saturday:
Shall we go to the theatre on Friday?
I haven't spoken to him since last Friday.
Our next meeting is on the 5th, which is a Friday.
More examples
- I'm off to Canada on Friday.
- He's arriving on Friday.


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Top Phoenix Arts and Culture Stories of the Week
If Bob Ross were alive today, he'd be painting happy little trees all over the place in ecstatic fervor for all the arts and culture happenings in Phoenix. To help you see the forest for the trees, here's a recap of the top arts and culture stories of the week.
Parazol Studios Hosting Custom Arcade Art Show During February's First Friday
A rather unique art event is coming to downtown Phoenix in time for February's First Friday, and its likely to be of interest to gamers or anyone who's ever killed an afternoon playing Ms. Pac-Man or Dragon's Lair at a local arcade.
The Artcade Show, an exhibition that will feature around 25 classic quarter-munchers and old school arcade titles that have been adorned with work from two dozen different creatives, is scheduled to take place at Phoenix's Parazol Studios on Friday, February 1. And according to the event's organizers, the show could be a first step towards getting another arcade-themed nightspot in downtown.
--Benjamin Leatherman
Jenny Poon's Phoenix Wish List for 2013
Jenny Poon is the fearless founder of two local startups. eeko studio, a Phoenix-based boutique design agency and CO+HOOTS, a coworking space in downtown Phoenix. She says her passion lies in analyzing information and developing clear and clever visual design and messaging for her clients.
The local entrepreneur has worked over 10 years in the design industry and has used these passions to fuel the creation of Phoenix's first coworking space, a shared workspace for valley entrepreneurs to connect and collaborate. Here are a few of her Phoenix wishes for 2013.
--Claire Lawton
Seven Things Steve Wiley Should Have Grown out of by Now
Common theory would be that I have spent my last 25 years in record stores because I love music. It's unequivocally true, music is way up the ladder of loves for me. But the very close, second-place motivational factor to forging a career as the Record Store Geek (my other "persona," because God forbid I could just write as Steve Wiley) was the ability to carry on like a teenager.
The music industry does have some adults, but those are the record company suits that have been fucking it up for years. The really passionate ones -- the ones that found rock and roll and all its delicious trappings in their youth and then had a hard time growing out of it (other than the musicians, who are the ultimate dream-chasers) -- are the record store geeks like me.
When we closed Hoodlums in September, there was probably some hope among some of my loved ones that I'd turn away from my extended childhood and get a real job. But it turns out the prolonged phase had nothing to do with the record store, or the music industry. The phase was me. Instead of growing up, I found another job that would allow me to carry on my stunted growth: Writing.
So why not celebrate this realization in this week's Parent Hood? Presenting: "Seven Things I Should Have Grown Out of By Now".
--Steve Wiley
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Catch up on the day's news and stay informed with our daily digest of the most popular news, music, food and arts stories in Phoenix, delivered to your inbox Monday through Friday.
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Lisa Sansom, MAPP '10, is the owner of LVS Consulting, an independent consulting firm that helps to build positive organizations. Lisa provide services such as individual and leadership coaching, team facilitation, effective communications training, Appreciative Inquiry and change management consulting. Full Bio.
Articles by Lisa are here.
Recently, the Congregation of Notre Dame (CND) residence closed its doors in our local community. The CND sisters have been heavily involved in education and health care, with their reach going back as far as 1841 when they opened a school whose namesake still exists today, though in a much more modern building. I was honored to be at the service commemorating the history of the CND. It was a spiritual experience just to be in the presence of so many devoted women, most with thoroughly grey hair, who were called to a lifetime of service and now had to leave their community to go live elsewhere for very practical financial reasons.
The next day, I attended a business workshop given by an organizational consultant whose work has spanned nearly four decades. The workshop opened with a Métis elder blessing our gathering and invoking the spirits of the ancestors to help us learn and network as the day progressed. The elder was involved as a participant during the entire day, and the feeling of calm and peace was palpable in her presence.
While spirituality is definitely an intangible quality, it seems to radiate. In my experience, those who are high in spirituality are also imbued with a strong, contagious, positive glow that others can feel. These people seem to navigate life calmly and serenely with the winds of spiritual awareness and faith billowing their sails. But is this how it really works?Studying Spirituality
Todd Kashdan at George Mason University and John Nezlek at the College of William and Mary set out to discover more about spirituality and its importance for individuals. Does spirituality vary from day to day, or is it more solid and trait-like? Does it predict well-being? If spirituality fluctuates within a person and within a day, what impact does that have on well-being?
They studied these questions with college students filling in daily reports for 14 days. Eighty-seven participants provided 1239 valid daily entries. Every participant provided at least 9 entries. The daily reports included two spirituality items, four self-esteem items, two meaning-in-life items, and two sets of affect measures, positive and negative. The spirituality questions were "The spiritual part of my life was very important to me," and "My personal relationship with a power greater than myself was important to me."
"When adopted as a worldview, theorists argue that spirituality offers a clear set of beliefs about secular and sacred aspects of life, a stable sense of self and group identity that in turn, provides a sense of belonging and meaning in life." From the introductory discussion.
The three hypotheses explored by the study are listed below, quoted from the study:
- Similar to other constructs that have traditionally been considered as traits or dispositions, we expected that spirituality would vary within persons, i.e., across time and measurement occasions (days in our case).
- Similar to relationships at the between-person level, we expected that within-person
relationships between daily spirituality and well-being would be positive.
- Within-person relationships between spirituality and well-being would be stronger for people who were more dispositionally spiritual than for those who were less dispositionally spiritual.
How does Spirituality Relate to Religion?
In this study, spirituality is a construct that overlaps but is not equivalent to religiosity. Thus one can be spiritual without being religious. It is also, according to the study's authors (quoting the Fetzer Institute), "possible to adopt the outward forms of religious worship and doctrine without having a strong relationship to the transcendent."
Within-person (day to day) variability in spiritualityWe know from observation that religious behaviors vary from day to day: on some days, certain groups attend religious services that they do not attend on other days. But what about spirituality, which is less easily observed?
It turns out that spirituality does indeed fluctuate, with individuals in this psychological study indicating that on some days they experienced higher or lower levels of spirituality. In fact, no one in the entire study gave a constant reading across the 14 days of data collection.
When spirituality fluctuated, so did other measures, such as self-esteem and meaning-in-life. Consistent with the research hypothesis, within-person relationships between spirituality and self-esteem were positive, as well as within-person relationships between spirituality and meaning. Furthermore, daily spirituality was positively related to positive affect but not significantly related to negative affect.
However, the real kicker seems to be that when the researchers considered the mediating effect of the various measurements, meaning-in-life fully mediated the relationship between daily spirituality and both daily self-esteem and positive affect. Daily positive affect, however, only accounted for 28% of the overall effect of daily spirituality on meaning-in-life. This suggests to me that meaning, rather than positive affect (happiness), may be central to other elements of well-being.
Lagged Effect Design
One creative aspect of the research design that I found interesting was a "lagged effect" analysis. Researchers wanted to see if higher sense of meaning on a particular day would be correlated with higher spirituality on the next day, or perhaps vice versa. It's important to note that the researchers were only looking at correlations since they did not manipulate any variables in an attempt to prove causality. They found that while there was a lagged relationship from spirituality to meaning (higher spirituality on day one did predict higher meaning-in-life on day two), the opposite did not hold.
They did not find a lagged relationship between self-esteem and spirituality in either direction. The lagged relationship between spirituality and affect is more complex and is moderated by trait spirituality: For people with high trait spirituality, greater negative affect on a particular day was correlated with greater spirituality on the next day, while there was no significant lagged effect of negative affect for people low in trait spirituality. Lowered positive affect had the opposite lagged effect for people high in trait spirituality, who experienced small increases in spirituality, than for those low in trait spirituality, who experienced small decreases in spirituality.Applications?
This starts to hint at future implications for positive interventions though, of course, considerably more research is needed. Can we somehow help people experience more spirituality and thereby increase their experience of meaning? The implications are exciting. Perhaps more meaning could ward off depression, increase positive relationships, and allow people to exercise professional callings more often. Does increasing daily experiences of spirituality suffice? If not, can disciplines such as yoga and meditation help people increase trait spirituality?Conclusions
Overall, it is profoundly exciting to see positive psychology research dive deeply into questions of individual strengths, such as courage (Robert Biswas-Diener), curiosity (Todd Kashdan), and now spirituality. While research is still at an early correlation stage, this present study does open up intriguing questions and avenues for investigation.
Every now and then, I will see a prospective PhD student post a question to an online forum, asking for positive psychology research topics. This is an area that is crying out for more examination.
Kashdan, T.B., & Nezlek, J.B. (in press). Whether, when, and how is spirituality related to well-being? Moving beyond single occasion questionnaires to understanding daily process. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
McCarthy, J. (2012). On Spirituality, Well-being, and Maui Moments. Another discussion of the article by Kashdan and Nezlek.
A religious life – Moral authority courtesy of Steve Minor
Interconnectedness – A Restful Noise courtesy of csm242000
Seated Yoga Meditation courtesy of My Yoga Online
Feeling Interconnected courtesy of Giovanni Orlando


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Have you ever designed a near-perfect high-performance home just to have it diminished by poor workmanship? Or had a home whose price comes in twice as high as expected when it goes out to bid? Have you ever been caught in the morass of finger-pointing with a builder when things just didn't go right? These all-too-common experiences are the inevitable result of traditional design-bid-build (DBB) project delivery. Instead of forming a design and construction team motivated to work together, conflicting interests, diminished trust, and lack of continuity can be pervasive. As residential projects become more complex and the demand for performance increases, DBB is failing. Hidden costs, budget overruns, and numerous change orders are common, and are becoming less and less acceptable to clients.
Collaborative delivery processes have become increasingly popular over the last few years because, to put it bluntly, designing and building a high-performance home takes more than conventional design talent. Architect-led design/builds, joint ventures, and other emerging project delivery methods are beginning to gain traction with design professionals and clients alike. When DBB won't cut it, the good news is that you've got options that are efficient, foster collaboration, and render effective results for the client:
1. Contractor-Led Design Build: In this most common version of design/build, the contractor holds a contract with the owner to deliver both design and construction. The builder subcontracts with the architect to provide the design. Applicable AIA Contract Document is B143–2004: Standard Form of Agreement Between Design-Builder and Architect.
2. Architect-Led Design Build: The architect holds the contract with the owner to deliver both design and construction. In 2011, only 2 percent of projects, based on cost of construction, were built this way, according to the 2012 AIA Firm Survey. Applicable AIA Contract Document is A142–2004: Standard Form of Agreement Between Design-Builder and Contractor. For contracts with owners, use A141–2004: Standard Form of Agreement Between Owner and Design-Builder.
3. Construction Manager Adviser: Architects can act as Construction Manager Advisers on projects they design, thereby increasing their involvement throughout construction. The owner holds the contracts with all subcontractors and the architect/CMa manages the construction as an adviser to the owner. AIA Contract Document C132–2009: Standard Form of Agreement Between Owner and Construction Manager as Adviser may cover this situation, but consult your professional liability insurance carrier. Be aware that taking responsibility for jobsite safety, as well as the means and methods of construction, may not be covered by a standard errors and omissions policy.
4. Joint ventures: Here architect and builder form a relational agreement that outlines roles and responsibilities, and apportions risks and rewards. Often this requires the setup of a new legal entity, which can sometimes be time-consuming and costly. AIA Contract Documents C101–1993: Joint Venture Agreement for Professional Services may be helpful. Again, consult with insurance carriers to understand your exposure to risk in any such partnership.
Collaborative project delivery methods can offer clients a simpler, more predictable approach. The key to success in these are the development of trust and the recommended practice is to partner with a builder you already know and respect. Carefully formed agreements, including those about management and decision-making processes, are also critical to delivering the best possible outcomes for you, the builder, the client, and the environment. —Rena M. Klein, FAIA
Rena M. Klein, FAIA, is an expert on small firm practice and the executive editor of AIA's The Architect's Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition (Wiley, 2013), from which this article was adapted.


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ECU Mapping
What is a good software package for DIY fuel,ign, and vanos tuning.
I am looking at getting an E46 to replace my E30 and want to do my own mapping as I have the ability to dyno tune myself.
i'd call around some tuning shops and see what they use.
what about people adding performance parts how are they remapping their ECU's?
Are they just getting maps from aftermarket suppliers or are they doing custom mapping?
Im basically looking for something like EFI Live for a BMW
if u have installed aftermarket parts expect the gain to increase even more
ECU remaps vary based on the company, i can't remember which company had that software, but i'm sure to have that remap once i get CAI and headers.
one thing though, will an ECU remap overwrite the Shark Injector software? :eeps:
Seriously, man....you need to refocus your energy....you`re talking about spending a substantial amount of dough on all this crap, and FOR WHAT ???? **Maybe** your car will be a TENTH of a second faster in the quarter-mile ??? I fail to see the logic there.
and it's not just to gain that tenth of a second in quarter-mile (i believe the difference would be more with those upgrades) u'll feel ur car very more responsive and torquy when hitting those twisties :D
There is no need for the CAI. It will not give you more gains since the BMWs already have a true CAI. The headers, maybe around 15 hp. You should get cheap ones of ebay and ceramic coat them. BMWs are already well tuned from the factory. You may want to reset adaptations after that, but that is it.
Unfortunately *not*....the values for each mod don`t "stack up".... in The Real World, you`d be lucky to get a true 20 HP increase.
Anything MS45 will be a challenge unless you have enough money to throw into Dimsport software/hardware or equal dealer style software going for $5,000 USD+
MS43 you can do with Tunerpro and extracting the DME BIN files. you will need the hardware to flash/extract. make changes in Tuner pro, I think there are a few with checksums already.
Or you can go with a piggy back.
Hi guys, I am sami and im new here, I have an mechanic garage and I work with race bmw cars, and I got to map my car e36 and so on, what I need is to chat someone who have experience in this domain and can help me with some questions, thanks for advance, best regards, thx and for contact whatsapp : 0096271037473
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Thank you
And anyone I can help him im in service to all of yoi, high experience in bmw cars only, racing, drifting and driving else, thanks
I'll just leave this dyno chart here:
To summarize, that car has an intake, pulleys, cams, exhaust, headers, a downstream catalytic converter, and a 3.64 LSD and it ONLY made ~15 additional WHP. I don't see software listed on the dyno, but even if they did re-tune it, they MIGHT gain another 6 WHP (on a good day, that is). Average software flash on an otherwise stock car was between 3 and 5 WHP. Hell... when I dynoed my first E46, there was a 4 WHP difference between pull #1 and pull #3, so I'm not entirely sold on the software thing.
When I had my first E46, I put headers on it (thank you smolck for installing those buggers) because I had money burning a hole through my pocket and I wanted to see what the hype was about. There was a noticeable gain in overall power and torque, but it was still wasn't as fast as... say... a 350Z. Don't get me wrong, it was fast enough to have fun and get in a fair share of trouble with, but it's not setting any quarter-mile records. With that said, I'd say headers are a better bang-for-the-buck mod for power than software, but get ready for a constant SES light. With all that said, I actually considered getting an Active Autowerke tune just to get rid of the SES light caused by my headers. If I happened to pick up any horsepower from it, then cool... that's a bonus.
What we're trying to say is this: You mod your car however you want. We're just trying to save you the money of buying something promising a 15 HP gain, only for you to come back and say, "Well crap. That kind of sucks."
Agreed ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Spending thousands of dollars on all this stuff, then to barely feel any seat-of-the-pants difference pretty much defies logic....it`s just a piss-poor return on a sizeable investment....
The reality of the situation is that E46s just don`t make good hot rods....
Once again:
"Learn to love what ya got, or sell it and buy a faster car"....
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The University of Arizona
Advanced Search
The Origins of Modern Environmental Thought
J. Edward de Steiguer
256 pp. / 6.00 in x 9.00 in / 2011
Paper (978-0-8165-2461-7) [
Paper ($24.95)
Related Interest
Nature and Environment
The Origins of Modern Environmental Thought
provides readers with a concise and lively introduction to the seminal thinkers who created the modern environmental movement and inspired activism
A must-read for people interested in environmentalism.
A satisfying survey of the earliest philosophies which provided the foundation of environmentalism.
—The Midwest Book Review
and policy change.
Beginning with a brief overview of the works of Thoreau, Mill, Malthus, Leopold, and others, de Steiguer examines some of the earliest philosophies that underlie the field. He then describes major socioeconomic factors in post-World War II America that created the milieu in which the modern environmental movement began, with the publication of Rachel Carson's
Silent Spring.
The following chapters offer summaries and critical reviews of landmark works by scholars who helped shape and define modern environmentalism. Among others, de Steiguer examines works by Barry Commoner, Paul Ehrlich, Kenneth Boulding, Garrett Hardin, Herman Daly, and Arne Naess. He describes the growth of the environmental movement from 1962 to 1973 and explains a number of factors that led to a decline in environmental interest during the mid-1970s. He then reveals changes in environmental awareness in the 1980s and concludes with commentary on the movement through 2004.
Updated and revised from
The Age of Environmentalism
, this expanded edition includes three new chapters on Stewart Udall, Roderick Nash, and E. F. Schumacher, as well as a new concluding chapter, bibliography, and updated material throughout.
This primer on the history and development of environmental consciousness and the many modern scholars who have shaped the movement will be useful to students in all branches of environmental studies and philosophy, as well as biology, economics, and physics.
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(800) 621-2736
(520) 621-1441
© 2011 The University of Arizona Press
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Russia spent $51 billion to host the recently ended Olympic Winter Games. That raises the question of whether it's worth that kind of money.
Will Russia get a return on the money it spent at Sochi to prepare that area for the Winter Games? Will Sochi become a winter playground as a result of all the publicity and coverage of the Games?
The Olympics showcases a country, that is an area of it, and reflects a country's ability to prepare the site for recreational and other events after the Games are over. The site, of course, must meet all of the standards required by the Olympics. Russia didn't have all of the facilities ready, such as hotels, and has cut back on what was originally planned. The weather also was not ideal every day of the Games. The opening and closing ceremonies challenge a country to stage glittering extravaganzas. This year it was as lavish as other countries have staged. Those ceremonies are expensive.
Time, of course, will tell about the future of the Sochi area. There is doubt whether it will become a winter playground that draws visitors from many nearby counties. Part of that general area, especially the Ukraine next door, has been a bloody zone with internal unrest, and the country has major financial problems. Russia has not been a major vacation destination.
Russia proved it could stage an Olympic event. Russia spent a record amount for the Games.
For a country to be selected for the Olympics, there is a great deal of prestige and pride involved. The competition is tough to be selected over other countries. The question is, is it worth the price?


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It's fairly easy to stack images with same height with floats, but it's hard to present them like in the screenshot below if all of them have different heights.
Is there some safe approach to do this. I've seen it on some modern websites, but too bad I've never checked the code how it's done! Any ideas?
I've seen some cool things with javascript that re-arrange grids dynamically and in motion. But simply speaking, off the top of my head, since all the images in the same column are the same width, you could divide the page in into 3 left-floated columns, and set your different images within the three columns. You could set a margin-right on the columns, and a margin-bottom for the images of the same values. And you could set your columns to a set width and add overflow:hidden in case some images are later added, which are wider than others.
BTW, I don't thing you would need three different classes for the three columns. Just one class with a set width that was named something like "galleryColumn" or something. Then just set that to float left and add that class three times to your markup in three different divs. Then commence with the plopping in of images.
The layout itself is not hard to do with floats. It's the expectation that the content would prearrange itself automatically that's the flaw.
1) it looks like you are attempting a horizontal grid, so you will need to re size all your images to be the same width in some photo editor ( or you could do some serious # crunching yourself)... this is to prevent snags, or rather so we can take advantage of the snagging effect.
2) the issue with floats is that an element that later in the code cannot be DISPLAYED higher that a previous floated element. This mean you will have to manually ( using IDs or other identifiers) negatively adjust the vertical margins so as to jostle the images into place.
Other than that you will need to segment your content into 3 columns as SDT suggested.
You could also rely on CSS3, but this would narrow your list of supported browsers greatly. Google :"CSS3 -moz-column"
div#multicolumn1 {
-moz-column-count: 3;
-moz-column-gap: 20px;
-webkit-column-count: 3;
-webkit-column-gap: 20px;
column-count: 3;
column-gap: 20px;
Setting a 3-column grid is an easy job, but I wonder how that would turn out to submit the photos via CMS and generate a more-or-less evenly height column.
Moreover, I was thinking of applying Responsive Web Design with @media-queries, so it's not possible to fix with 3 columns, as the photos will stack in 4, even 5 column, depending on monitor resolution.
So yes, I though about the CSS3 trick about the column-count, but it's not backward compatible, and the end-users might even use IE6
Maybe I should rally on some really cool jQuery plugin for this?
Yeah making it responsive does add another layer of complexity. I think you would probably have to use a "liquid image" approach to keep them from being too big for smaller monitors, and if you figured that out you may not necessarily need to remove the floats in your media queries.
For the CMS concern, when you say evenly height column what do you mean?
If you want to graduate this to javascript, here is an interesting one: http://css-tricks.com/13372-seamless-responsive-photo-grid/
Hmm the javaScript plugin is awesome, but it still rallys on the new CSS3 properties
By evenly columns height I meant, how will they stack approximately the same in quantity of photos per column, when they are going to be pulled from the database? How should that be achieved with HTML so that it repeats quite the same times per column? It's kind of hard to explain.
But I guess I can risk and just clip the images to have the height and regular flats will do the job at its best.
It seems there are so subtitles to accomplish this perfectly that, I think, is not worth making the code that complex, where I can just decide to go with photos of same height.
Actually, when I think of it again, I think that it's worth giving a shot with the CSS3 columns property, and just use alternate CSS for IE users where I can use floats as an alternative.
Now the question is, how to accomplish a fixed columns in a flexible design? I'm using something like:
-moz-column-gap: 20px;
-moz-column-width: 220px;
I'm not setting how many columns to use, as it nicely stacks from 3 into 4 column when the design is stretched. But the issue I'm trying to fix is that it doesn't stick to the 20px gap, but in fact that's the minimum gap, and the more I stretch the design, the wider the gap. After 60-70px gap it turn from 3 to 4 column. I don't get it! Any ideas?


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|Thread Tools
When the rashes get real bad we get some disposables and it clears up right away. The day we go back to prefolds it comes back.
We've stripped twice with no difference, we've never switched detergents. They do not stink. I need some ideas, I'm worried we might have to give up using cloth if I can't figure this out!
Our standard wash procedure is warm wash followed by hot, both with small amount of biokleen free and clear. The stripping process was rinse cold (no detergent), wash hot with blue dawn, rinse 4x cold with no detergent, final wash with vinegar.
Me: Sarah, married to: J, mommy to: C (8/10) and E (11/12)
Bring on the bleach I guess!
For both my kids persistant rash with blisters was a secondary staph infection. I disinfected the diapers (bleach), but the key was getting them treated with antibiotics from the doctor. We stayed in cloth the whole time.
Go get the rash checked and go from there.
Mama to J (Jan '09), E (May '11), and C (August, '13)
Professional Cloth Diaper at Diaper Lab in Boston (ask me about laundry)
Same thing happened with my daughter...rash, switch to disposable, then switch back and the rash got worse and worse! We finally figured out that yeast was the issue. It was a cycle of diapers infecting her, she infected the diapers, and so on. So we kept her in disposable for a few days and treated her bottom with a variety of yeast killing things, grapefruit seed extract, tea tree oil (use sparingly! burns! we learned the hard way!), colloidal silver, coconut oil, and even an otc antifungal. For the diapers, we ran them through the sanitary cycle on the washing machine. I read that yeast is killed by temps of at least 122 degrees, but double check. Diluted bleach would do too. I don't think you should use the sanitary cycle for anything but cotton/hemp, like covers. Soak those in hot water with GSE, or maybe the bleach. There are some good articles about diapers and yeast on the internet. Good luck, I understand how frustrating it is!!
This is a little late, but I wanted to mention that we had a similar issue with DD around that age. I think in our case it was her pee getting stronger or something (she still goes through lots of diapers so I don't think it's that she's not drinking enough). We were using mostly fitteds and she seemed to almost always an irritated bum, especially in the mornings. I got a bunch more pockets to use and that seemed to do the trick, I think it keeps the strong pee from her skin better. Unfortunately pockets don't seem to do the trick for us for night time (they leak, maybe because she sleeps on her side a lot?) so we use that one disposable a day. For nap time I cut some fleece liners to use over her fitteds, which may be another easy option for you to try if you haven't figured out something that works for you yet.
I know that this reply is late, but my now-3 year old daughter actually had problems with the PUL diaper covers. I tried bleaching, boiling, replacing, using liners, etc, etc, etc. Nothing worked until I tried using wool covers. It immediately solved the problem. My other children never had issues with PUL, so I'm not sure why my dd happened to be so sensitive to it.
I just saw this and want to reply in case someone else is going through this -- another possibility is ammonia burns!
My 17mo dd has been in cloth since birth, we've had very few rashes, but lately we've had a persistent rash on one side at the edge of the diaper (also using mostly prefolds, with bummis / flip covers). I looked into this and there seemed to be two possibilities, excema (with repeated irritation from the side of the diaper) or burns from pee drying in the diapers, forming ammonia crystals which do not wash out under normal laundry conditions, and which get "reactivated" when they get wet again, i.e. when the baby pees in a clean diaper next time.
I had no idea about this possibility and so after stripping and doing a day in disposables, I'm now following advice on the internet to avoid ammonia isses: we've started rinsing our pee diapers before we throw them in the bin or big wetbag to sit for a couple of days. The rash is fading a little since we started rinsing under the tap this week, but it's still there, and may in fact be excema - I still wanted to be sure to avoid the ammonia just in case it was contributing or ever might become an issue. We've never had blisters, but that sounds scary and suspiciously like a chemical burn :( We also haven't dealt with yeast, so maybe that's it in the OP's case, but now I think if you get rashes whenever the baby is in cloth, it's worth looking at how you are storing your wet diapers before washing them. Or did everybody know that already?
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text:
Besides deciding on the flavor of your cake, most brides and grooms are also concern about the appearance of the cake itself. After all, it's one of the most important part of your wedding day and your first anniversary. Leave the flavor of the cake to your taste bud because I'm pretty sure you'll know what you like. As for the adornment of the cake, that's the important part. Of course you want something memorable and matches the theme of your wedding. This can easily be done by using satin ribbons and Swarovski rhinestones.Just use colors that best matches your theme. For instance, the cake above used 5/8″ and 7/8″ satin ribbon in baby blue and black. The flowers on the cake were also embellished with Swarovski flatbacks. Who would have thought that ribbons and crystals can make a big difference on a cake that leave memories of a lifetime.
You can also use crystal sprays on top of the cake. If you're really like to customize your cake, you can add a personalized printed ribbon. It can have your names and the wedding date on it. Then embellish it with some rhinestones.


text:
I heard the very sad news today that one of the greatest Life & Business Philosophers of modern times passed away yesterday from Pulmonary Fibrosis.
If you have not heard of Jim Rohn then you have been missing out as he is a one of a kind in the world of public speaking and business philosophy and revered around the world by his fellow piers.
I was first exposed to Jim over 20 years ago with my wife Lois when I was about 18 or 19 and he had a huge effect on the way I thought about life and my part in it.
Many years later I was very fortunate to meet Jim in person several time at seminars he has held here in Perth. The first time I met him was on Saturday 13th of August 1994 at a 2 day workshop he was running in Fremantle Western Australia. I took 44 pages of notes that weekend, I know this because I still have them and look over them from time to time. I was one of the lucky ones that day and got to sit next to Jim at lunch and talk to him at length one on one about his life & his philosophies.
I attended several of his seminars over the years after that with Lois and we would quote him often with friends and business colleges over the years. His book "The Treasury of Quotes" is just brilliant and worth getting a hold of if it is still in print or you can read them all online at Jim Rohn Treasury of Quotes. There are many many videos of Jim Rohn on YouTube so do yourself a favor and go check them out, just brilliant. Also his home page has a very touching video tribute http://tribute.jimrohn.com/ by some of the best in the business.
RIP Jim and thanks for the influence you have had on my life so far and will no doubt continue to have in the future.
Ed Keay-Smith


text:
Route Grade Votings
Adjacent Routes
Interesting scoopy climbing. Start at the name. Climb the initial pockety groove then escape out right before trending generally left up slabs to a lower-off just to the right of a series of roofs.
There's another route just to the left, between Medio Metro and Sharon Pistones. About 6a and 1 star.


text: The company noted, however, that sales of components for 3G/4G smartphones rose 16% sequentially in the December quarter, and said it expects "normal seasonality" in the March-ending quarter. It plans to report its full third-quarter results on Jan. 24, and provide further guidance at that time. The news weighed on other chip makers, such as TriQuint Semiconductor ( TQNT), which lost nearly 4% to $4.76 on volume of more than 85,000; and SkyWorks Solutions ( SWKS), which fell 3% to $16.60 with in excess of 55,000 shares changing hands. Other stocks making news after the closing bell included Integra LifeSciences ( IART), which forecast weaker than expected fourth-quarter results and said it's received a warning letter from the Food and Drug Administration related to quality systems and compliance issues at a collagen manufacturing facility in Plainsboro, NJ; ViroPharma ( VPHM), which said it sees sales ranging from $600 million to $660 million in 2012 vs. current consensus estimate of $593.2 million; and Ruby Tuesday ( RT), which gave a below-consensus outlook for its fiscal third quarter ending in February, saying it sees earnings of 12 to 16 cents a share vs. the average analysts' view of 27 cents a share because of increased advertising expenses. -- Written by Michael Baron in New York. >To contact the writer of this article, click here: Michael Baron. >To submit a news tip, send an email to: firstname.lastname@example.com


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text: As part of its work to improve health care in the United States, the Aetna Foundation has awarded two grants totaling $325,000 to help doctors adapt to a rapidly changing health care system and growing health care needs. The funding focuses on training young doctors for the post-reform health care landscape, which aims to improve the patient experience and population health and to lower health care costs. "Doctors need to be part of the solution to meet the health care needs of different populations and rising rates of complex, chronic diseases," said Gillian Barclay, D.D.S., Dr.PH., vice president of the Aetna Foundation's national grant making. "That means we need bold new approaches to doctors' training to create a modern, high-performing health care system that can provide high-quality care for everyone in the U.S." The Aetna Foundation has contributed $150,000 to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (IOM) to support its study of today's medical residency programs, or the graduate medical education system (GME). The IOM study is looking at the governance and financing of GME in the U.S. The final report will recommend changes to medical residency programs to better prepare young doctors for 21 st-century health care systems, which all increasingly focus on patient-centered primary care, team medicine and health information technology. The study also is looking at ways to encourage more doctors to specialize in primary care to meet the demands of an aging and ever more diverse U.S. population. To conduct the study, IOM has appointed a 21-member committee with expertise in health care systems, health economics, health professions education, and financing and accreditation. The committee's final report is expected in early 2014. The Aetna Foundation also has awarded $175,000 to the Camden Coalition of Healthcare Providers in New Jersey to establish a new fellowship program to train primary care doctors in "hotspotting," a technique borrowed from advancements in city policing.


text:
Barnet will hope to have Edgar Davids and top scorer Jake Hyde available for selection for this evening's match at Bristol Rovers.
The duo missed the Bees 1-0 defeat against Burton Albion last Saturday due to Illness and injury respectively but both should be fit for selection.
Curtis Weston faces a late fitness test for the Bees and is a doubt for the match.
Only a single point separates the two sides in the League Two table and Barnet assistant head coach Ulrich Landvreugd insists the Bees players will go to the Memorial Stadium confident of getting a good result.
He said: "Every match is important but this is a six point game. We will work towards Bristol Rovers and we will prepare as usually.
"Hopefully we can get a result there and we go into every game confident of getting a result.
"We can see the team growing and our possession game is good. We just have to create a few more chances and that is our next job."
The Bees have almost a fully fit squad but Steve Kabba continues his rehabilitation from a knee injury and remains a long-term absentee.
The Bees have a good recent record against the Pirates and have not lost in the last three meetings between the two sides.
When the two teams met earlier in the season a Ricky Holmes goal wasn't enough and the points were shared in a 1-1 draw.


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text:
Arnold Iron Cre3 Reviews
The creatine supplement Arnold Iron Cre3 is meant to transform weightlifters into human sculptures. That's why this product bears the name of Arnold Schwarzenegger, champion bodybuilder and 7-time Mr. Olympia.
Using creatine nitrate, a scientifically developed creatine form, Arnold Iron Cre3 is said to enhance muscle pump, strength, power, and recovery. I examined Arnold Iron Cre3 to see if it produces those results.
What Makes Arnold Iron Cre3 Different?
Arnold Iron Cre3 uses a creatine form not found in any other creatine supplement. Known as creatine nitrate, this creatine form adds nitrate ions to creatine molecules. Nitrate ions trigger a chemical reaction that produces nitric oxide, a gas which dilates blood vessels and allows blood to flow faster. [1] That means muscles get creatine and other nutrients faster.
Ads for Arnold Iron Cre3 say creatine nitrate eliminates the need for a creatine loading phase and is powerful even in small doses. Ads also say a university study confirmed these effects, but no study specifics are described.
I'd like to see a published version of this study to examine methods, doses, and other details. But, I'm already convinced creatine enhances athletic performance, thanks to years of confirming research. [2]
What Other Ingredients Are Included?
Along with 1,000 mg creatine nitrate, every Arnold Iron Cre3 serving has an 800 mg HydraFuel blend with 3 components.
Taurine is an amino acid used in sports drinks and powder supplements to regulate blood's water and electrolyte balance. [3] In 2 g doses or higher, taurine has been shown to enhance muscle recovery. [4] But, Arnold Iron Cre3 doesn't have that much taurine.
Coconut Water Powder
Coconut water naturally holds many electrolytes, causing many to consider it a natural alternative to sugary sports drinks. [5] The powdered form supplies electrolytes and encourages cells to stay properly hydrated.
Glutamine is the body's most abundant amino acid but isn't considered an essential nutrient because the body produces it on its own. Sports supplements often include glutamine to compensate for drops in glutamine levels which sometimes occur because of intense exercise. [6] According to one study, glutamine may prevent proteins from breaking down during muscle recovery. [7]
When Should You Take It?
Arnold Iron Cre3 is intended to be taken just prior to a weightlifting workout. The label suggests dosing 30 minutes beforehand, but some people might want to take it closer to when they start exercising.
Directions say not to take multiple servings at a time. I recommend following this direction because of the high amounts of vitamin C and E in each serving.
How Much Does Arnold Iron Cre3 Cost?
This supplement sells for between $25 and $45 at online supplement stores like Bodybuilding.com.
The best deal I could find was at eSupplements.com. It's offered for $24.95 with free shipping.
For comparison purposes, I looked at prices of other creatine supplements with nitric oxide boosting ingredients. For example, Mr. Hyde has a creatine dose equivalent to Arnold Iron Cre3's plus additional ingredients like beta alanine and caffeine. It sells for around $35. Another product, Myonox, contains creatine and taurine like Arnold Iron Cre3 and many other ingredients. Myonox costs about $60 but might stand in for other supplements because of its long ingredient list.
Is Arnold Iron Cre3 Stronger than Its Competition?
Choosing between Arnold Iron Cre3 and other creatine supplements depends on which ingredients you want in your pre-workout drink. If you're looking for a stimulant-free creatine supplement without many additional ingredients, Arnold Iron Cre3 is worth trying.


text:
Blog post
Mixing It Up at RailVolution
BOSTON -- If you've ever studied the bar menu at Trader Vic's then you know about such wonders as Tropical Passion, Moku Nani, and the Potted Parrot. Each is made of a unique but secret blend of dark rum, light rum, spiced rum, tropical juices, and of course "subtle flavorings." But by the time you'd realize that the only real difference is the glass they come in, you're too probably drunk to notice--or care.
Minus the palm fronds, the RailVolution conference is much the same.
BOSTON -- If you've ever studied the bar menu at Trader Vic's then you know about such wonders as Tropical Passion, Moku Nani, and the Potted Parrot. Each is made of a unique but secret blend of dark rum, light rum, spiced rum, tropical juices, and of course "subtle flavorings." But by the time you'd realize that the only real difference is the glass they come in, you're too probably drunk to notice--or care.
Minus the palm fronds, the RailVolution conference is much the same.
I could hardly decide which sessions to attend this weekend, at RailVolution's 15th annual installment in Boston, because, in truth, they all sounded like different versions of each other. One the one hand, that's OK. Trains are almost as much fun as cocktails, and the number of speakers testifies to the nation's renewed enthusiasm for rail at all scales. It's still tough, though, to fill 100 workshops, panels, and plenaries without recycling speakers and topics like so much island punch.
What will I learn at "An Intoduction to "Streetcars and Their Role in Building Liveable Communities" that I didn't already find out in "Streetcars and Market Dynamics"? Will I secure more funds if I listen to "Financing the Public Realm" than "Financing Livable Communities"? Who will inspire me more: "Growing Better, Greener, and Denser: Suburban to Urban" or "Creating 'Green' Communities" or "Going Green with Transit: Macro and Micro"? Which of the six sessions featuring New Starts guru Jeff Boothe should I attend? Which of them comes in a scorpion bowl?
These and many other overlaps make it nearly impossible to decide which session to attend, but they testify to the popularity of trail and to the number of advocates who now have something to say -- even if what they're saying isn't necessarily original. Harder to assess is the depth to which these ideas have permeated two key constituencies: the voters and transit bureaucracies who really hold the key to laying track.
RailVolution rightly claims to be one of the leading rail-advocacy events in the country, and for years it, along with all mass-transit advocacy groups, against indifference and cultural inertia at all scales and levels of government. No doubt, innovations are still arising. There are sessions on how transit agencies use social media, and of course there is rampant discussion about the federal stimulus and the Obama Administration's support of rail. I wouldn't say that there's a spirit of optimism at this year's conference, but the good news is that determination is in abundance.
Thanks in no small part to RailVolution itself, which is in its 15th year, rail has gone mainstream and, if we had the funds and a political infrastructure with which to disburse them, plenty of public and private advocates would be laying the tracks for everything from trolleys to national bullet trains. But, as many sessions make all too clear, the time from determination to delivery is going to require patience. In other words, we'll probably be hearing the same stories for years to come.
While the nation was spending the past few decades not building rail, some remarkable coalitions have formed, and once-dismissed ideas have risen into the mainstream. Thanks in large part to our bowtied bartender/conductor, the heroic U.S. Rep. Earl Earl Blumenauer, Republican (j/k!) of Portland, rail is now associated with livability, walkabilty, bikeabilty, gentrification, commerce, real estate development, greening, equity, urban economies, information economies, greening, health, and so much more. These are the ingredients of RailVolution's menu that are becoming so familiar.
Overlapping sermons and tough scheduling choices are perhaps the questions that arise when a movement becomes mature: so many people are in agreement that they are literally saying the same thing. Unfortunately, they'll probably continue to do so for decades to come until of America's hoped-for trains start chugging (including $500 billion estimated by the White House for national high-speed rail).
The best news about RailVolution is that if all goes well, you'll someday be able to have your mai tai and not have to worry about wrecking your car (or bike) if you're foolish enough to try to get home on your own. All aboard for the hangover express!


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With regard to the Ruthenian districts of Hungary also they had made demands which had been refused by me.
Mr. Ardan says Ruthenian men and women drink, "farmers and Protestants being exceptions."
We finish with a few Ruthenian ballads, having no political reference.
Poland's claims were to be left to the self-determination of the Silesian and Ruthenian populations.
The experience of a Ruthenian named Koval is typical of a great number of men.
There are four Ruthenian weeklies and one monthly published in this country, and some books.
At this period, Rothe, a Ruthenian rover, almost destroyed our country with his rapine and cruelty.
Ruthenian is a language intermediate between Russian and Polish, but quite independent of both.
The lands of Lithuanian and Ruthenian speech were never conquered by Poland.
The mention of the Ruthenian Basilians refers to an extremely delicate work entrusted to the Jesuits.
1850, of or pertaining to the Ukrainian people (earlier Ruthene, 1540s), from Medieval Latin Rutheni "the Little Russians," a derivative of Russi (see Russia). For consonant change, cf. Medieval Latin Prut(h)eni, from Prussi "Prussians." Another word in the same sense was Russniak.


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Page 3
I was pretty happy with our performance through the race, and maintained a good rhythm. What bad luck we DID have (remember lucky 13?) snuck up at the last caution. We were in 8th, and the last truck on the lead lap. Jerry (our crew chief) and I talked on the radio, and thought new left side rubber might help the truck handle better. Well as it turned out, the new tires made the truck almost TOO tight for our own good. In hindsight, we probably should have stayed on the track and made up a few positions.
"As a team, we're feeling the momentum building..."
When the checkered flag waived, we were in 8th position, and while it wasn't a win, it WAS our second straight top-ten finish. We felt good about the day, and I personally felt good because we broke our streak of mangling trucks on this track. After the race, we did our normal post-race debriefing, then went off to eat a little cake and ice cream. (it was my birthday!).
Final Notes: As a team, we're feeling the momentum building. We have a few days off, before we head to Phoenix. I've had the honor of being invited to drive at the "Thunder in the Dome", which is an invitation-only midget race held inside the RCA Dome in Indianapolis. It'll be held on March 11, and I'll be driving a car owned by Sam Pierce from Indy. Come on out and say hi!
Next Race: Phoenix
Phoenix International is a "compromise" raceway like Homestead, you need to set the truck up to be as neutral as possible. We'll be reviewing our notes from Homestead when planning for Phoenix. This track is one of my favorites, but it's a tough track to get around in. It's flat, and has a rather weird dogleg. Again like Homestead, we'll be preparing physically for the heat … lots of Gatorade, tons of pasta, and you bet we'll get good use out of our air conditioning in the coach. I have a good feeling about Phoenix…. I'll just leave it at that.
Diary Segments


text: Kids will be thinking pink this year with flamingos! I'm predicting that the wading birds, known for standing on one leg, will become a child favorite once Disney's Gnomeo & Juliet (which stars Featherstone, a most memorable flamingo) debuts on February 11. From a ridiculously cute costume to sunglasses and a game, I've gathered up some of the best tot-friendly finds currently on the market. Check them out.


text:
Marc G. Fournier writes: > On Wed, 18 Mar 1998, Maurice Gittens wrote: > > > Do you guys feel comfortable with a database which has reproducible > > buffer overuns? > > Nope, but only a very few ppl appear to have the software to > detect them, and with the size of the code base for this, we sort of rely > on those with those tools to help out... > > Efforts you can provide in this area would be much appreciated, > even if only insofar as providing points to sections of code that should > be checked... I agree with Marcs comments here, but would like to add that ElectricFence is freely available at least on Linux systems. It is a long way from Purify, but it beats sitting around scratching your head. -dg David Gould dg(at)illustra(dot)com 510.628.3783 or 510.305.9468 Informix Software (No, really) 300 Lakeside Drive Oakland, CA 94612 - I realize now that irony has no place in business communications.
Next: From: Bruce Momjian Date: 1998-03-19 04:33:49 Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Re: [PATCHES] patches for 6.2.1p6 Previous: From: The Hermit Hacker Date: 1998-03-19 04:24:37 Subject: Re: Timezone problems / HAVE_INT_TIMEZINE


text:
Dashboard can also be created by "operator" and " guest" privilege users.
The dashboard can be customized by users to display widgets of their own choice. To create a new dashboard view, click on "Actions" on the top right. In the dropdown click on "new dashboard".
Fill in the Information:
|The name of the dashboard view
|Describe this view for easy reference and understanding
|No. of columns
|No. of columns the user wants to be displayed in this dashboard view. It can be 1,2 or 3. And the the numbers below with "%" gives the width of the page allocated to the particular column.
|Select the widgets that needs to be displayed in the dashboard
Select the required widgets from the list on the right. It consists the four critical parameters one needs to monitor:
|The "N" can be either 5 or 10 and can be configured through the dashboard view, after creating the dashboard.
You can "reload" a widget by clicking on "" icon; delete a particular widget by clicking on "" and configure / edit a widget by clicking on configure or "" icon.
You can delete a dashboard view by clicking on "Actions" on the top right. In the dropdown click on "Delete". This deletes the current dashboard view.
Click "Save" to save this particular dashboard view. It can be later edited, at any time, by going to the particular dashboard view and clicking on "Actions" on the top right. In the dropdown click on either "Edit layout " if the need is to change the name, layout, description OR click on "Add Widgets" to add additional widgets.
Once the view is saved, the particular dashboard will be displayed. You can move the widgets as per your wish by dragging and dropping the widget at another place.


text:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
This study proposes a dynamic hand gesture detection technology to effectively detect dynamic hand gesture areas, and a hand gesture recognition technology to improve the dynamic hand gesture recognition rate. Meanwhile, the corresponding relationship between state sequences in hand gesture and speech models is considered by integrating speech recognition technology with a multimodal model, thus improving the accuracy of human behavior recognition. The experimental results proved that the proposed method can effectively improve human behavior recognition accuracy and the feasibility of system applications. Experimental results verified that the multimodal gesture-speech model provided superior accuracy when compared to the single modal versions.
Hand gestures are one of the primal communication methods. Even in environments where language communication cannot be made, hand gestures can deliver messages to achieve the purpose of communication. In a digital family care system, hand gestures are the best way for people with language disorders, or those who are mobility handicapped, to express themselves. As more studies have focused on human-computer interaction [
In a hand gesture recognition system [
This study proposes a method for dynamic hand gesture detection, which combines motion estimation and skin color detection technology, and uses horizontal and vertical projection of binary images to detect the dynamic hand gesture areas. Without prior training, dynamic hand gesture areas can be effectively detected in complicated background environments.
In a human behavior recognition system, the traditional method describes human behavior through predefined features; however, this method lacks robustness due to feature variations. For example, the features of speed and body size changes are different when running and walking. If the features of speed and body size changes are used to describe human behaviors, and a threshold value is defined for recognition, the recognition effect may be inaccurate and lacks robustness. Thus, subsequent studies have proposed the statistic model concept to describe the variations of each attribute in order to increase the recognition rate of human behaviors.
As discussed above, robustness has a significant impact on human behavior recognition. For the dynamic recognition system, this study proposes a Kalman Filter-based dynamic gesture feature estimation, which considers relations between adjacent gesture areas based on time, and obtains robust features to describe hand gestures. Furthermore, repeated gesture segments in image sequencing are detected through an autocorrelation function operation in order to improve the variations of feature extraction, as caused by repeated hand gestures, and the dynamic hand gesture recognition rate in natural environments.
Speech is a natural and direct method of human expression. In a family care system, speech is a medium for direct expression of demands for the individuals with disabilities. Thus, this study further considers speech information in human behavior recognition. First, the input speech sequence is extracted through a microphone, and speech feature parameters are obtained by extracting Mel-scale Frequency Cepstral Coefficients. Furthermore, repeated speech segments are detected through autocorrelation function operations to reduce variations in feature extraction. Finally, the recognition rate of human behaviors can be improved by integrating the technology of a multimodal model of gestures with a speech model.
Human-computer interaction can be achieved by extraction and recognition of human behaviors. This study develops a dynamic hand detection and recognition system, which can be used for human-computer behavior recognition. Finally, a speech recognition system is incorporated and the human behavior recognition rate is improved using the multimodal model technique. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes research and pertinent methods related to ours. Section 3 presents dynamic hand gesture recognition technology. Section 4 presents speech recognition technology. Section 5 presents multimodal model integration. The experimental results are presented in Section 6. Finally, Section 7 concludes the presentation of the proposed dynamic hand gesture detection and recognition system.
In previous hand gesture detection research, skin color detection is often used in hand gesture detection methods [
In behavior recognition research, the authors of [
RGB-D cameras are novel sensing systems that capture RGB images along with per-pixel depth information [
Hand gesture detection is different from the features of traditional skin color. This study proposes a dynamic gesture recognition algorithm using combined motion and skin color cues. The dynamic gesture region is determined by vertical and horizontal vector testing [
The dynamic hand gesture detection flow chart is described, as follows: first, a series of input image sequences are extracted through a webcam. The dynamic object can be obtained through motion estimation, and skin color area is extracted from the images through skin color detection. Dynamic skin color images can be obtained through interactive operations. Finally, dynamic hand gesture areas can be obtained by projecting dynamic skin color in the bindery images.
In order to rapidly detect moving objects in an image, this study applies the diamond search algorithm [
In this paper, mean square error is used for operation of the block matching algorithm, as shown in
According to the research results of [
Thus, the skin color area can be obtained through
Intersect operations can combine motion estimation with skin color detection to further obtain dynamic skin color images. In motion estimation, skin color detection can be used to filter non-skin color dynamic areas, such as body motion and dynamic backgrounds. In terms of skin color detection, motion estimation can be used to filter static objects of similar skin colors in the background, and obtain dynamic skin color areas (including dynamic hand gestures). After motion estimation and skin color detection, dynamic skin color images can be obtained through AND operations, as shown in
DSCI denotes a dynamic skin color image.
In human-machine interaction, commands are sent to computers by hand gestures. Thus, momentum in the hand gesture area is greater than the natural body sway. In projection of dynamic skin color images, filters can be used to filter non-hand gesture areas.
High frequency noise composed of strong peak signals can be removed while maintaining sharpness of edge. The pixel values in the mask are sequenced to determine the intermediate value, and the gray-scale value of the middle pixel in the mask is replaced by the intermediate value. While waiting for output, the location of pixel
The intermediate value is "20" after sequencing, which is used as the value of the central pixel
Next, the dynamic hand gesture area can be detected through horizontal and vertical projection of the binary dynamic skin color images, and such a projection can filter non-dynamic hand gesture areas. After determining the global maximum peak value, the minimum values can be further determined on both sides of the peak, which are used as intervals of the peak value. Thus, the coordinates within the peak values between horizontal and vertical projections of images are the hand gesture area.
After the dynamic hand gesture area is obtained, features of the detected hand gesture area can be extracted. Robust dynamic hand features can be obtained through feature estimation of dynamic hand gestures, and thus, further increase the recognition rate of dynamic gestures.
A complete dynamic hand gesture is a series of image sequence sets. For example, the dynamic hand gesture for "come" is a set of image sequences including waving the arms and palms as shown in
The dynamic hand gesture is extracted as follows:
After the center of gravity in the hand gesture area is obtained, the differential value between vertical and horizontal coordinates in the hand gesture area of current image
Finally, according to the dynamic hand gesture motion track, direction (angle)
In the detection of dynamic hand gestures, dynamic hand gestures are blurred in a series of image sequence sets, due to hand gesture motions and camera shooting speed. Binary dynamic skin color images in the detection of the dynamic hand gesture area are horizontally and vertically projected, and the hand gesture area has variations (such as inconsistent hand gesture size and position). As a result, extraction of track features is not stable. Moreover, dynamic hand gesture detection technology cannot absolutely detect hand gesture areas. Thus, incorrect dynamic hand gesture detection may cause variations in track feature extraction.
Based on the above feature analysis, in order to reduce instability of motion track due to variations in hand gesture detection areas, a Kalman filter is used to consider the correlation between adjacent hand gesture areas, which can correct motion tracks and obtain robust dynamic hand gesture features to improve the hand gesture recognition rate.
A Kalman filter [
The Kalman filter estimation technology is measured through noise, and future recursive program operation is made to correctly estimate system state. In video sequencing, motion of the adjacent area at the time is often highly correlated or consistent. In order to solve the problems of the above features analysis, the correlation of dynamic hand gestures on time and the Kalman filter are used for motion track estimation, thus improving the recognition rate of motion track features.
It is assumed the motion track is treated randomly, and the two components are independent. Thus, the module of the components can be defined, where motion track information is used in the one-dimension auto regressive module, and is the track motion of the center of gravity from the previous frame at the time. One-dimensional regression modules
In addition, Estimation Equation:
Measurement Equation:
Estimation Equation:
Measurement Equation:
The state equation is the quantity equation in the filter. Thus, the Kalman filter calculation is very simple. In a given state space, the general procedure for the Kalman filter is described, as follows:
Estimation State estimation:
Estimation of co-variance matrix:
Update State update:
Update-error co-variance:
Kalman gain matrix:
State estimation:
Estimation of co-variance matrix:
State update:
Update-error co-variance:
Kalman gain matrix:
In a Kalman filter algorithm, Kalman gain depends on
In human-machine interaction, hand gestures are repeated when users give the same command or intention, and times of repetition are not consistent in each time. For example, the hand gesture "come" is a set of waving a hand up and down, and even two or three times as shown in
The traditional gesture recognition system extracts hand gesture features in a series of input image sequences, but fails to consider the impact of repetitive hand gesture segments on recognition. This study detects the repeatability of hand gesture segments, with gesture signals as input through Autocorrelation Function operations and estimation, and extracts one gesture signal from repetitive hand gesture segments. It is then quantized into 12 directional codes as input vectors for training and recognition of dynamic hand gestures in order to reduce variations in feature extraction.
Based on the above analysis results, in the detection of repetitive speech or gesture segments, this study uses the autocorrelation function to detect repetitive hand gestures or speech signal segments in continuous images or speech sequences, as shown in
Speech recognition has the same repetitive segment as gesture recognition. In order to avoid feature extraction features due to inconsistent times of repetition of speech commands, detection of repetitive segments is required for hand gestures. First, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) are determined from audio signals, and used as input. In
Autocorrelation and HMM operation steps include: (a) the speech signal is obtained from the environment, and the speech and image recognition system functions are started; (b) and (c) the speech input signal is compensated by pre-emphasis; (d) framing process, in order to observe the feature of sound signal and take a number of sampling points to collect observations, and the signal is multiplied by a window function for statistical calculation; this paper uses a Hamming Window; (e) and (f) use FFT sine and cosine functions to represent the composite wave of the waves of different cycles for each original signal, where the composition of the original signal can be obtained by FFT in order to observe the energy distribution in the spectrum, obtain the MEL-Cepstrum Weight value, and adjust the coefficient of the triangular filter, which is exported to the triangular filter of (f) to calculate the Bank of Spectral energy in different triangular filter frequency bands, and determine the harmonic series represented by repeated sections in the frequency domain and its correlation function, which is then exported to (g) to calculate the energy of the nonlinear logarithm. In (h) the N-order characteristic coefficients are determined by DCT; (i) the time difference and the energy value of the previous and next frames are used to calculate the distance. Finally, the energy vector value of each frame is exported to (k) and (j), where (k) is a frame energy vector value determined by autocorrelation, and (j) HMM is used to train the energy vector value of each frame in each state till the state model converges. The results can serve as the input for the speech command recognition model, in order to establish human behaviors. The speech recognition block process is shown in
Speech Input:
waveFile = 'SpeechWave.wav'; [y, fs, nbits] = wavread(waveFile).
waveFile = 'SpeechWave.wav';
[y, fs, nbits] = wavread(waveFile).
Now in order to reconstruct an exponential function, we have to exponentiate the fitting line
Matlab coding:
fit = polyfit(
fit = polyfit(
So we can plot the data with the exponential fit as:
If one short time interval is a frame, when the sound signal feature is observed, a number of points are sampled from the signal for collective observation. When a frame after finishing, as shown in
In this paper we adopt Hamming Windows to design amplification constant. The traditional approach is shown in
In order to avoid buffer data overflow, and for convenient identification of data dispersion degree (Overflow Data with both Discrete Discrimination,
Speech signal Sinput (
The sound is acoustically different from the spectrum, and resolution at low frequency is higher than that at high frequency. Therefore, pre-emphasis shall be conducted, where the transfer function of pre-emphasis is expressed, as shown in
The mask spreading function is due to two reasons, one is the cepstrum, which may result in hundreds of multidimensional features, the other is that people cannot distinguish between similar frequencies. As a phonetic feature, it can be reduced to MFCC by this phenomenon. When the repeated feature is determined, the vector model of one frame is selected from the repeated frames as the feature model. This study aims to determine repeated sections in a continuous section.
In weight cepstrum (WC), the typical practice is the Taylor expansion. This paper creates a SIN Circular Table of 12 integral WC, and the SIN operation of FFT has 18 integer values as shown in
The 18 integer mathematic values of SIN converted by FFT are marked, the SIN Circular Table of WC is calculated, the SIN operation of FFT has 18 integer values, and the computing values of this stage have a SIN Circular Table of 30 elements as shown in
Define a mel-scale:
The mel-scale is calculated isometrically, and the value of the corresponding frequency of x-axis is calculated and stored in the corresponding Circular Table. The integer value of the look-up table is searched by Binary Search,
Using the Mel-filter to signal processing each frame, and its can be calculated spectral energy value of the parameters:
Discrete Cosine Transform Process of step in
Autocorrelation and crosscorrelation are common concepts for calculating signal analysis, and represent correlativity between the values of two time series, as obtained at two different time points in the same time series, respectively. Namely, the cross correlation function describes the correlativity between the values of stochastic signals
The correlation coefficient is merely a ratio, is neither an equivalent unit measure, nor a correlated percentage, and is generally two places of decimals. The sign of a correlation coefficient only represents the correlated direction, while the absolute value represents the degree of correlation. As it is not an equivalent unit measure, the correlation coefficient of 0.7 is not twice 0.35, but the correlativity between two columns of variables with a correlation coefficient of 0.7, which is higher than the correlativity between two columns of variables with correlation coefficient of 0.35. In addition, the increased correlation coefficient from 0.70 to 0.80 cannot be regarded as identical to an increased correlation coefficient from 0.30 to 0.40. The values of correlation coefficient are expressed, as shown in
The traditional human behavior recognition method only considers single media information, such as image or speech. The variations in feature extraction may lower the total recognition rate if only speech or an image is considered in human behavior recognition, meaning human behaviors cannot be correctly deduced. In addition, linear combinations of the image recognition model and speech recognition model can improve single model recognition. However, it has difficulty in deducing the weight (importance) of image and speech models for human behavior recognition in complicated natural environments, thus, the correction effect is limited.
The fusion of multi-sensor information is based on mathematical derivation of statistics:
Suppose image sensor tracker (T1) computes a feature vector for track #1, denoted as T1: T1 = {5.0,10.0, 75.0, 60.0, 2.0, 150.0, 75.0, 20.0}, and suppose the audio sensor for the microphone tracker (T2) outputs a feature vector for track #2, denoted as T2: T2 = {10.0, 40.0, 85.0, 65.0, 2.0, 140.0, 65.0, 85.0}. The correlation coefficient between the two feature vectors is equal to 0.87. Therefore, the result of the fusion action is that track #1 and track #2 are two distinct tracks. Suppose the image sensor tracker produces a feature vector for track #1, denoted as T3: T3 = {30.0,20.0, 60.0, 70.0, 2.0,100.0, 60.0, 30.0}, and suppose the Audio Sensor for the microphone tracker defines a feature vector for track #2, denoted as T4: T4 = {30.0, 20.0, 60.0, 70.0, 2.0, 100.0, 60.0, 30.0}. The correlation coefficient between the two feature vectors is equal to 1.0. Therefore, the result of the fusion action is that track #3 and track #4 most likely characterize the same target.
Suppose image sensor tracker (T1) computes a feature vector for track #1, denoted as T1: T1 = {5.0,10.0, 75.0, 60.0, 2.0, 150.0, 75.0, 20.0}, and suppose the audio sensor for the microphone tracker (T2) outputs a feature vector for track #2, denoted as T2: T2 = {10.0, 40.0, 85.0, 65.0, 2.0, 140.0, 65.0, 85.0}. The correlation coefficient between the two feature vectors is equal to 0.87. Therefore, the result of the fusion action is that track #1 and track #2 are two distinct tracks.
Suppose the image sensor tracker produces a feature vector for track #1, denoted as T3: T3 = {30.0,20.0, 60.0, 70.0, 2.0,100.0, 60.0, 30.0}, and suppose the Audio Sensor for the microphone tracker defines a feature vector for track #2, denoted as T4: T4 = {30.0, 20.0, 60.0, 70.0, 2.0, 100.0, 60.0, 30.0}. The correlation coefficient between the two feature vectors is equal to 1.0. Therefore, the result of the fusion action is that track #3 and track #4 most likely characterize the same target.
During recognition of human actions, in addition to speech command recognition and hand gesture recognition models, the corresponding relationship between state sequences of the hand gesture model and speech model is further considered in order to increase the accuracy of human action recognition. The mathematical expressions are defined as follows:
When the hand gesture recognition and speech recognition models are considered, it is expected to consider the potential coincidence relation in state sequence between models, thus, in
The proposed multimodal model integration is as shown in
The proposed multimodal model merging method can be divided into two parts for description. In training phase, feature extraction is made for collected parallel data (input of hand gestures and speech commands). For hand gestures, a multimode Kalman filter is used to extract features for re-estimation and autocorrelation functions in order to detect repetitive hand gesture segments. For speech, the repetitive speech segment is detected by using autocorrelation functions.
Next, the hand gesture and speech Hidden Markov models are separately trained to obtain the optimal state sequence and the correspondence. For example, the blue dotted lines in
In the testing phase, for the input state sequences of hand gestures and speech, where detection of repetitive segments is completed, the recognition result is obtained through the model established before training. Moreover, the recognition result should be corrected through correspondence between the state sequences of hand gestures and speech.
This study used a PC configured with Pentium 4 3.0 G and 1 G for all tests. The programs were developed using Borland C++ Builder 6.0, and performed by a Logitech "Logitech QuickCam™ Sphere" (with inbuilt microphone).
In a special application case, human behavior interacts with a machine in a situation based on the interaction between an electronic pet dog and human behavior. This system defines 32 actions and one EPD Name, where one user (keeper) can raise multiple pets (one File is opened for independent EPD). The EPD Game system executes keeper authority, the first UI is entered, and the EPD randomly migrates in a 3D scene. When the volume energy heard through the microphone is greater than the threshold, Step 1 (dotted line) is entered, and the recording action is initiated. This step has no hand gesture recognition, and the training name is repeated more than five times. Each training and previous model value iterative constructs model training. After the second recognition, if the system recognition is correct, the EPD wags its tail. A question mark occurs if recognition is wrong. Step 2 is the path of the training "command-action" model (solid line), which switches to another command edit menu for 32 "command-action" training, where speech and gesture synchronization actions are trained each time, with the procedure of speech similar to the aforesaid.
Example: naming, each sampling time is 5 s, repeat speech sampling, repeat three times.
The complete parameter set
Determine optimal state sequence:
The HMM parameter set λ is given to observe output observable symbol sequence
The best state transfer process is selected according to the given model and observed sample sequence, and the most probable state of the picture frame/voice at time t can be found, as shown in
The experimental results can be divided into two parts, as per the system flow chart:
Hand gesture recognition results In dynamic hand gesture detection, two students made four different hand gestures: come, sit down, turn in circle, and get down as shown in The recognition results without a Kalman filter, with a Kalman filter, with a Kalman filter plus repetitive segment detection, and with a FD HMM [ Results of speech recognition and multi-modal model Regarding human behavior action recognition, the Hidden Markov Model Toolkit [ In training the recognition model, and tested 10 males and five females in the experiment room performed four different actions: come, sit down, turn in circle, and get down as shown in
Hand gesture recognition results
In dynamic hand gesture detection, two students made four different hand gestures: come, sit down, turn in circle, and get down as shown in
The recognition results without a Kalman filter, with a Kalman filter, with a Kalman filter plus repetitive segment detection, and with a FD HMM [
Results of speech recognition and multi-modal model
Regarding human behavior action recognition, the Hidden Markov Model Toolkit [
In training the recognition model, and tested 10 males and five females in the experiment room performed four different actions: come, sit down, turn in circle, and get down as shown in
This study proposed a dynamic hand gesture detection and recognition system. The preliminary experimental results confirmed that the proposed method can effectively detect dynamic hand gesture areas in complicated natural environments. The proposed hand gesture feature re-estimation and detection technology of repetitive hand gesture segments can effectively improve the recognition rate of dynamic hand gestures. In the future work, we will combine Ontology and Q-table to implement 32 action command using speech spotting and gesture spotting.
In this study, a speech recognition model, with correspondence between state sequences of hand gestures and speech models were further considered. The experimental results proved that the proposed multi-modal model can effectively improve human action recognition. The recognition rate of a traditional HTK running MFCC is about 80%–85%, where image recognition is implemented by the above recommended method (vector model trained by direction parameter and quantified by movement track). The single test recognition rate is about 80%. The combined recognition rate of speech and hand gestures is increased to 91%, and the recognition rate is increased to 95% by the multi-model integration of Bayes.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Moving object detection. (
Dynamic hand gesture detection flow chart.
Diamond search method.
Hand gesture and speech training images.
Diagram of angle interval quantization.
Detection of repetitive hand gesture segment using autocorrelation function.
Feature extraction flow chart of Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients.
Speech recognition block.
Speech In pre-test volume.
Original wave compare with Humaning Windows.
The typical pre-emphasis magnification.
SIN Circular Table.
Multiplied by Hamming Windows time domain distribution.
Frequency domain energy distribution of FFT.
Frequency to mel-scale of frequency curve.
Triangle of band-pass filter in Spectrum.
Gesture and speech recognition model adopted Bayesian theorem.
Multimodal model merging.
Correspondence between state sequences of speech and hand gesture.
Correspondence between state sequences of optimal speech and hand gesture.
Human behavior recognition flow chart.
Reinforcement learning and behavior control.
It is a 3-state HMM array by Ajk.
Viterbi algorithm path.
HMM model training.
The recognition results of dynamic hand gestures.
The correct recognition rate of the recognition models.
SIN Circular Table value.
|Time Index 1
|Time Index 2
|Round #1
The values of correlation coefficient.
|Slight correlation
|Actual correlation
|Significant correlation
|High correlation
Accuracy of dynamic hand gesture.
|Number of tested images
|Correct detection
|Wrong detection
Confusion matrix for recognition results of dynamic hand gestures without a Kalman filter.
|Sit down
|Turn in circle
|Get down
Confusion matrix for recognition results of dynamic hand gestures with a Kalman filter.
|Sit down
|Turn in circle
|Get down
Confusion matrix for recognition results of dynamic hand gestures with a Kalman filter, plus repetitive segment detection.
|Sit down
|Turn in circle
|Get down
Confusion matrix for recognition results of dynamic hand gestures with a FD HMM.
|Sit down
|Turn in circle
|Get down


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