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P.S. – TECHNICAL EDUCATION – Implementation of AllIndia Council for Technical Education Scales of Pay, 1996 to the Teachers, PhysicalDirectors and Librarians working in Government Polytechnics/Institutions in the State– Orders – Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.72 Dated26/9/2002
Read the following:-
1. G.O.Ms.No.4, Edn. (TE.2) Department, dt.01/01/1998. 2.G.O.Ms.No.580, Edn. (TE.2) Department, dt.03/12/1998. 3. G.O.Ms.No.33, Edn. (TE.2)Department, dt.30/01/1999. 4. From the Member Secretary, AICTE, New Delhi,Lr.No.F.No.1-65- CD/NEC/98-99, dt.30/12/1999. 5. G.O.Ms.No.158, Hr.Edn. (TE.2) Dept.,Dt.22/11/2000. 6. G.O. Rt .No.930, Higher Education (TE.2) Dept., Dt. 28-11-2000. 7. Fromthe Polytechnic All Lecturers Association Lr.No.PALA-I/2000, dt.14/2/2000. 8. From theC.T.E.Lr.No.B1-1/17180/2000-Vol.IV, dated 29/7/2000. 9. From theC.T.E.Lr.No.B1-1/17180/2000-Vol.IV, dated 18/10/2000. 10. From theC.T.E.Lr.No.B1-1/17180/2000-Vol.IV, dated 23/12/2000. 11. From the C.T.E.Lr.No.B1/4043/97-Vol.IV, dated 16/1/2001. 12. G.O.Rt. No 164, Hr. Edn. (TE2) Dept., dated19/2/2001 13. G.O.Rt.No.449, Hr. Edn. (TE.2) Dept., dt.19/6/2001. 14. From the C.T.E.,Lr.No. B1/17180/200, dated 30/4/2001 15. G.O.Ms.No.15, Hr. Edn (TE2) Dept., dt.30.3.2002.16. Representation from the President PALA dt.30.3.2002.
-ooo- ORDER:-
In the reference fourth read above, the All India Council forTechnical Education has issued its recommendations regarding revision of pay scales andservice conditions of Teachers of Diploma level technical institutions i.e., All IndiaCouncil for Technical Education Scales of Pay, 1996. The above recommendations areapplicable to all the teaching categories working in Diploma level technical institutionsfalling under the purview of All India Council for Technical Education.
2. In the reference eighth read above, the Commissioner ofTechnical Education has, in accordance with the above mentioned notification issued by theAll India Council for Technical Education and on the representation made by thePolytechnic All Lecturers Association (PALA) in the reference seventh read above,recommended for implementation of the Revised AICTE Scales of Pay 1996
3. In the reference fifteenth read above, Government have issuedorders extending All India Council for Technical Education Scales of 1996 to the Teachers,Physical Directors and Librarians working in Government Polytechnics/Institutions in theState who are drawing AICTE scales of 1986 with effect from 1/1/1996 notionally, monetarybenefit from 1/4/1999 and cash payment from 1/4/2002. It was ordered that the arrears from1/4/1999 to 31/3/2002 should be credited to the individual's G.P.F. account. It wasalso mentioned that detailed instructions about the modalities of pay fixation etc., shallbe issued separately.
4. Government after careful examination hereby issue thefollowing instructions about the modalities to be followed for implementing the orders andG.O. issued in 15th read above:-
5. Short Title:- These pay scales shall be called Andhra PradeshRevised AICTE Scales of Pay, 1996.
6. Coverage and applicability: -These pay scales shall beapplicable to all the teaching staff, Librarians and Physical Directors who are drawingAICTE scales of 1986 working in Government Polytechnics, State-wide institutions,including Officers of the same category working at Commissionerate of Technical Educationand in the offices of Regional Directorates of Technical Education/State Board ofTechnical Education and Training (SBTET).
7. Date of effect : -
(a) These pay scales shall come into effect from 1.1.1996notionally with monetary benefit from 1.4.1999 and cash payment w.e.f. 1/4/2002.
(b) Arrears payable for the period 1/4/1999 to 31/3/2002 shall becredited to the G.P.F account for a period of 3 years w.e.f. 1/4/2002 to 31/3/2005.
8. Exercise of option:-
i) Every employee working in any of the categories mentioned inthe schedule appended to this order as on 1-1 -1996 may opt either:
(a) To remain in the existing AICTE Scales of Pay, 1986, OR
(b) To draw pay in the revised AICTE Scales of pay, 1996 eitherfrom 1/1/1996 or from the date on which he/she earns his/her increment in the existingAICTE scale of pay, 1986 after 1/1/1996 but not beyond 31/12/1996; OR
(c) Option should be exercised within a period of six months fromthe date of issue of these orders.
(d) Option in the prescribed form as specified in annexure tothis order should be submitted in triplicate to Head of the Departments with dueattestation by the respective drawing officers.
(ii) (a) A Government employee who is on Extra-Ordinary Leaveshall also be entitled to have his pay fixed in Revised Pay Scales and shall have monetarybenefit from the date of joining or 1/4/2002 whichever later.
(b) A Government employee who retired on or after 1.01.1996, mayalso exercise Option under this rule within a period of six months from the date ofreceipt of the communication from the Head of the Department or Office from where heretired from service
(c) In the case of a Government employee who died while inservice on or after 1.01.1996 or who may die before the last date as laid down in theseorders for the exercise of option, his/her legal heirs may exercise option in the manneras has been laid down in these rules.
(d) The scales of pay shall however be not applicable to thosewho have left the services from the Department on their own will/resigned/opted for reliefto join other departments in Central/State/Quasi Government/Private service etc., on orafter 1.01.1996 and where All India Council for Technical Education scales of pay, 1996are not in force.
9. Fitment Formula:
(i) Pay with effect from 1-01-1996 in the revised scales of paywill be fixed after giving the benefit of one increment for every three increments earnedin the pre-revised scales as stipulated in Rule (7) of Central Civil Services (Revisedpay) rules 1997, and governed by other relevant provisions of Central services (revisedpay) rules, 1997 as given below.
(a) The initial pay of the Government servant, who opts forAICTE, 1996 scales of pay, shall, unless otherwise directed, be fixed separately inrespect of his substantive pay in the permanent post on which he holds a lien or wouldhave held a lien if it had not been suspended, and in respect of his pay in theofficiating post held by him, in the following manner, namely:
(A) In the case of all employees :
(i) an amount representing 40 per cent of the basic pay in theexisting scale, i.e. AICTE 1986 scales, shall be added to the "existingemoluments" of the employee;
(ii) after the existing emoluments have been so increased, thepay shall thereafter be fixed in the revised scale at the stage next above the amount thuscomputed:
Provided that:-
(a) if the minimum of the revised scale is more than the amountso arrived at, the pay shall be fixed at the minimum of the revised scale;
(b) if the amount so arrived at is more than the maximum of therevised scale, the pay shall be fixed at the maximum of that scale;
Provided further that:
In the fixation of pay, the pay of Government servants drawingpay at more than four consecutive stages in an existing scale gets bunched, that is tosay, gets fixed in the revised scale at the same stage, the pay in the revised scale ofsuch of these Government servants who are drawing pay beyond the first four consecutivestages in the existing scale shall be stepped up to the stage where such bunching occurs,as under, by the grant of increment(s) in the revised scale in the following manner:
(a) for Government servants drawing pay from the 5th up to the8th stage in the existing scale – by one increment;
(b) for Government servants drawing pay from the 9th up to the12th stage in the existing scale, if there is bunching beyond the 8th stage- by twoincrements;
(c) for Government servants drawing pay from the 13th up to the16th stage in the existing scale, if there is bunching beyond the 12th stage – bythree increments;
If by stepping up of the pay as above, the pay of a Governmentservant gets fixed at a stage in the revised scale which is higher than the stage in therevised scale at which the pay of a Government servant who was drawing pay at the nexthigher stage or stages in the same existing scale is fixed, the pay of the latter shallalso be stepped up only to the extent by which it falls short of that of the former.
Provided also that:
The fixation thus made shall ensure that every employee will getat least one increment in the revised scale of pay for every three increments (inclusiveof stagnation increment(s), if any) in the existing scale of pay.
Explanation: for the purpose of this clause "Existingemoluments" shall include –
(a) the basic pay in the existing AICTE 1986 scale;
(b) dearness allowance appropriate to the basic pay admissible atindex average as on 01-01-1996; and
(c) the amounts of interim relief admissible on the basic pay inthe existing AICTE 1986 scale;
(ii) Pay in the revised pay scales shall be fixed at the stagewith reference to the stage admissible as per revised scale in the schedule. In cases,where the same stage is not available, the pay may be fixed at the stage next above thepay admissible.
(iii) The fixation of pay of Lectures (selection grade) under thecareer advancement scheme and of Heads of sections in the pre-revised scales of pay Rs.3700-125-4900-150-5700, who were selected/promoted strictly in accordance with rules andregulations framed by AICTE and who were in position as Lecturers (Selection grade) or asHead of Section as on 1/01/1996 will be made in a manner that they get their pay fixed atthe minimum of Rs. 14940 in the revised scale of pay of Rs.12000-420-18300 as and whenthey complete 5 years in the grade as per revised scales in the schedule.
(iv) Date of next increment:- The next increment of an employee,whose pay is fixed in the revised AICTE scales of pay, 1996 on 01-01-1996 in accordancewith the fitment formula as mentioned above, shall accrue on date on which he/she wouldhave drawn the increment had he/she continued in the existing scales of pay.
(v) In case of the teaching faculty, who have already retiredfrom Government service either voluntarily or on attaining the age of superannuation ordied while in service on or after 1-01-1996, the arrears on account of implementation ofthese scales of pay, shall be drawn and paid in cash.
(vi) No employee shall draw less emoluments than already drawingon account of implementation of these pay scales.
10. Payment of arrears: The arrears of pay and allowances payableto the employees covered by these pay scales from 1-4-1999 to 31/3/2002 shall be creditedto G.P.F.Account of the employees and cash shall be paid from the month of April, 2002payable on 1st May, 2002.
11. Service conditions: Government have decided that afterimplementation of these scales of pay the service conditions of teachers like recruitmentand qualification and selection procedure, shall be as indicated in Appendix-A to thisorder. The same shall be implemented
by the Commissioner of Technical Education within a time frame of6 months from the date of issue of this order by amending necessary statutes, ordinances,rules and regulations.
12. Payment of D.A., H.R.A and C.C.A:- Employees governed byAICTE scales of pay 1996, shall be entitled for D.A., HRA, CCA as per the rates and normsof AICTE pay scales on the analogy of Regional Engineering College, Warangal which hasextended AICTE Scales to Lecturers based on the G.O. issued vide G.O.Ms.No.288, HigherEducation (EC.1) Department, dated 11/11/1999.
1. The prescribed minimum qualifications and experiencerequirements for various teaching posts in diploma level technical institutions are givenin Appendix -A.
2. Where qualifications and experience prescribed for a post inthis pay revision are higher than the qualifications and experience prescribed by AICTEfor that post prior to this revision.
(i) the revised qualifications and experience will be requiredonly for fresh appointees to that post and will not be insisted on for existing incumbentsworking on those positions.
(ii) for open selection to a higher cadre position throughadvertisement or promotion to higher position, internal candidates presently working in alower position will be exempted from the prescribed higher qualification and experience tothe extent that they will be required to possess only the qualifications and experience asordered in the G.Os 2nd, 3rd and 5th read above. This relaxation will be available onlyfor a period of 5 (five) years from the date of issue of this G.O. Thereafter, internalcandidates must also possess the qualifications and experience prescribed in thisnotification.
3. Teachers already in service prior to January 1, 1996 and whoat the time of their recruitment possessed only a Second Class in their degree atBachelor's or Master's level (but met all the qualification requirementsprescribed by AICTE at the time of their recruitment) shall be exempted from therequirement of First Class for the Degree they had at the time of their recruitment.
a. At the time of recruitment as Lecturers:
i) Four advance increments will be admissible to those who holdPh.D. Degree and
ii) Two advance increments will be given to those who hold M.PhilDegree in Science/Humanities and to those who hold M.E/M.Tech./M.Pharm/M.Arch. Degree.
b. A Teacher with M.E./M.Tech./M.Pharm/M.Arch, who does not havea Ph.D. degree will be eligible for two advance increments as and when he/she acquires aPh.D. degree in his/her service career.
c. A Lecturer with Ph.D. will be eligible for two advanceincrements, when he/she moves into the grade of Lecturer (Selection grade) through careeradvancement scheme or is appointed as Head of the Section.
The appointing authorities at various levels as per thedelegation of powers shall be authorized to sanction the Advance increments to theteachers whoever acquired the above qualification, as laid down above. These incentivesshall also be applicable to all staff members, who have been recruited by the Departmenton or after 1-01-1996.
(a) Career Advancement provides for movement of:- i) Lecturer toLecturer (Senior Scale). ii) Senior Lecturer/Lecturer (Senior Scale) to Lecturer(Selection Grade). iii) Librarian to Librarian(Senior Scale) iv) Librarian (Senior Scale)to Librarians(Selection grade) v) Physical Director to Physical Director (Senior Scale)vi) Physical Director (Senior scale)/Physical Director (Selection grade)
(b) For promotion under Career Advancement Scheme:-
i) The candidate must have consistently " satisfactory"Performance Appraisal Report.
ii) Assessment and selection would be made by a selectioncommittee. The prescribed teaching/contact hours of a teacher selected/promoted under theCareer Advancement Scheme shall remain the same as that of the substantive post he/sheheld prior to such appointment to any of the cadres under Career Advancement Scheme.
A Lecturer will be eligible for placement as Lecturer (SeniorScale) through a process of selection if he/she has:
i) Completed Six years of service which counts for increments asa Lecturer with a relaxation of two years for those with Ph.D. and one year for those withM.Phil/M.E./M.Tech/M.Arch/M. Pharm. Service includes the Service rendered by them on otherduty in the category under Vocational Scheme or in the Commissionerate or on deputationwith the State Board of Technical Education & Training or any other organization underForeign Service terms and conditions.
ii) Participated in one orientation course/induction training andone refresher course or industrial training of aggregate duration of 8 weeks, or hasundergone appropriate continuing education or training programs of comparable quality andduration as may be specified or approved by AICTE. Those who possesses Ph.D. Degree shallbe exempted from these course/training requirements.
iii) The extension of three years time for completion of trainingas provided in the G.O. 6th read above shall also be applicable to the teachers inA.I.C.T.E Scales of Pay, 1996.
A Senior Lecturer/ Lecturer (Senior Scale ) who has aMaster's Degree and 5 years' experience as Senior Lecturer or Lecturer (SeniorScale) and has consistently earned satisfactory performance appraisal report will beeligible to be placed under Lecturer (Selection Grade) subject to the recommendation ofthe Selection Committee.
In the AICTE Notification of 1996 Scale of pay, it is mentionedthat a Senior Lecturer/Lecturer (Senior Scale) should have a Master's Degree to beeligible for Lecturer (Selection Grade). However, as most of the existing teaching cadresin the Department possess qualifications as prescribed under APTES Rules, thequalifications prescribed at the time of their recruitment shall be followed for the awardof C.A.S
A Librarian will be eligible for placement as Librarian (SeniorScale) through a process of selection if he/she has:
(i) Completed Six years of service as Librarian after regularappointment.
(ii) Evidence of innovative Library services, published work andprofessional commitment, computerization of library.
(iii) and has consistently earned satisfactory performanceappraisal reports will be eligible to be placed under Librarian (Senior scale) subject tothe recommendation of the Selection Committee.
A Librarian (Senior Scale) with at least 5 years of service withevidence of innovative library service and organization of published work and hasconsistently earned satisfactory performance appraisal reports will be eligible to beplaced under Librarian (Selection Grade) subject to the recommendation of the SelectionCommittee.
A Physical Director will be eligible for placement as PhysicalDirector (Senior Scale) through a process of selection if he/she has:
(i) Should have completed six years of service as PhysicalDirector with a benefit of two years for Ph.D. and one year for M.Phil Degree holders.
(ii) Passed the Physical fitness test.
(iii) Consistently satisfactory appraisal reports.
(iv) Should have attended at least one orientation and onerefresher course of about three to four weeks duration each with proper and well definedevaluation procedure (exemption from one refresher course is granted to Ph.D. degreeholders). The Physical Directors who have got the benefit of the G.O. 12th read above,shall fulfill this requirement within three years time.
(i) Completed five years of service as Senior PhysicalDirector/Physical Director ( Senior Scale).
(ii) Has attended at least two refresher courses of about threefour weeks duration with proper and well-defined evaluation procedure after placement inthe scale of Rs. 3000-5000. (The benefit extended in the G.O. 12th read, shall also beapplicable now.
(iii) Show evidence of having produced good teams/ athletes andof having organized and conducted coaching camps at least two weeks duration.
(iv) Passed the physical fitness test.
(v) Consistently satisfactory appraisal reports.
16. Counting of qualifying service for career advancement:
The duration of service in a temporary capacity/contractappointment/Adhoc appointment/leave vacancy can be counted for promotion to seniorscale/selection grade provided that : (a) the tenure of such appointment was one year ormore than one year without any break (b) the incumbent was appointed on therecommendations of a selection committee constituted in accordance with the prescribedselection procedures as laid down by Directorate of Technical Education/State Government(c) the concerned Lecturer possesses the minimum qualification prescribed by AICTE forappointment as lecturers (d) the incumbent was selected to the regular post incontinuation of the service in a temporary capacity /contract appointment/Adhocappointment/leave vacancy without any break.
The All India Council for Technical Education has stated in itsnotification that it will specify the guidelines for selection process and the compositionof the Selection Committee for promotion under C.A.S Scheme. Until the AICTE Scheme isannounced the Selection Committee shall be the same as prescribed for direct recruitment.Since the A.P.Public Service Commission is the authority for selection for directrecruitment it shall also be the responsibility of the A.P.P.S.C. to scrutinize andrecommend names of candidates for promotion under C.A.S and recommend the names forpromotion. The committee shall consist of the following members:-
1. Chairman, A.P.Public Service Commission - Convener 2.Commissioner of Technical Education - Member 3 & 4. Two subject experts - Members (tobe nominated by the Chairman, A.P.P.S.C.) 5. Principal, Government Polytechnic - Member(to be nominated by the Chairman, A.P.P.S.C. in consultation with Commissioner ofTechnical Education)
Career Advancement Scheme will have the following movement in thetime scale.
(i) Lecturer to Lecturer (Senior Scale). (ii) Senior Lecturer,Lecturer (Senior Scale) to Lecturer (Selection Grade). (iii) Librarian to Librarian(Senior Scale). (iv) Librarian (Senior Scale) to Librarian (Selection Grade). (v) PhysicalDirector to Physical Director (Senior Scale). (vi) Physical Director (Senior Scale) toPhysical Director (Selection Grade).
Since for it is only a movement in time scale in respect of theabove posts the committee shall scrutinize the applications in the light of guidelinesprescribed by the All India Council for Technical Education and recommend the nameswithout subjecting them for interviews to the competent authority.
18. Teaching days: Every institution will have at least 180 fullteaching days per year (or 90 full teaching days per semester). "Teaching days"here shall mean actual class room /laboratory/contact teaching days and shall not includedays of examination/tour/sports etc.,
19. Work load : Work load of a teacher should not be less than 40hours a week of which teaching contact hour shall be as follows :
Principal : 6 hours /week Head of Section: 14 hours/week Sr.Lecturer: 16 hours/week Lecturers: 18 hours/week
For the above stipulation, two tutorial hours/two laboratoryhours will be counted as one teaching hour.
20. Age of superannuation : The age of superannuation forPolytechnic teachers shall be 58 years.
21. Future revision : The beneficiaries of these scales shall notbe entitled for revisions of scales again till next revision of scales are made by AllIndia Council for Technical Education.
22. Job responsibility : The job responsibilities of teachers ofPolytechnics are given in Appendix – B; of Physical Directors in Appendix –C;and of Librarians in Appendix – D.
23. Accountability :
(i) Pay revision as an integrated package : Better compensationpackage, and performance and accountability are interrelated, and one cannot be hadwithout the other. Performance appraisal and accountability shall be an integral part ofthis pay revision package.
(ii) Performance appraisal : An open, transparent and objectiveperformance appraisal system comprising of self appraisal, peer evaluation and studentevaluation shall be implemented. Government would evolve the guidelines in due course.
24. Other terms and conditions of service of teachers :
a. Anomalies, if any, in the implementation of the scheme shallbe brought to the notice of the Government through Commissioner of Technical Education forthe issue of clarification.
b. A standing Committee consisting of Joint Director (Admn),Secretary, SBTET and Deputy Director (Tech) shall be constituted by the Commissioner ofTechnical Education, for dealing with anomalies, which may arise from time to time duringimplementation of these Pay Scales.
c. Reimbursement of Professional Society Membership Fee: Teachersshall be eligible for reimbursement of 85% of the annual membership fee of oneNational/International Professional Society.
d. Reimbursement of TA/DA/Registration Fee for Conferences forpresenting Technical Papers: Teachers shall be reimbursed the expenses incurred forRegistration Fee and TA/DA for presenting technical papers at one National conferenceevery year and one International Conference every 3 years.
The expenditure for the above items c & d shall be met fromthe funds of State Board of Technical Education & Training.
e. Medical Facilities, Group Insurance, Leaves and LTC: MedicalFacilities/Group Health Insurance, Group Insurance Scheme, all types of leave, leaveencashment facilities and LTC shall be given on the pattern applicable to State GovernmentEmployees.
f. TA/DA Rules: TA/DA Rules in accordance with State Governmentnorms for the employees drawing U.G.C. scales of pay, 1996 shall be applied.
g. Teachers drawing these scales shall be entitled for pensionarybenefits as applicable to the teachers drawing UGC Scales of Pay, 1996.
25. This order issues with the concurrence of Finance (EBS.VII)Department vide their U.O.No.20963/424/EBS.VII/02, dated 31/7/2002.
26. A copy this order is available in the Internet and can beaccessed at the address: http://apts.gov.in/apgos
To The Commissioner of Technical Education, AP, Hyderabad. TheAccountant General, AP, Hyderabad. The Secretary, Andhra Pradesh Public ServiceCommission, Hyderabad. The Director of Treasuries and Accounts, AP, Hyderabad. TheDistrict Treasury Officers' in Andhra Pradesh. The Pay and Accounts Officer,Hyderabad. Copy to:- The Finance (EBS.VII) Department. The President, Polytechnic AllLecturers' Association (PALA), Hyderabad. PS to Addl. Secretary to Chief Minister. PSto Minister (TE). PS to Principal Secretary to Government. Sf/Sc.
// forwarded;;by order //
ANNEXURE – I to G.O.Ms.No.72, Hr. Edn. (TE.2) Dept.,dt.26/9/2002
I,…………………………………………………………holding the post of ……………………………..in the scale of …………………………, do herebyelect to come under the revised AICTE scales of pay, 1996 with effect from 1-1-1996 ORfrom …………………………… i.e. the date ofmy next increment in the existing scale of pay.
(ii) to remain in the existing AICTE scales of pay of 1986.
The option hereby exercised is final and will not be modified atany subsequent date.
Date: Signature
Station: Name & Designation:
Signed before me
APPENDIX - A to G.O.Ms.No.72, Hr. Edn. (TE.2) Dept.,dt.26/9/2002.
03. 04.
APPENDIX– Bto G.O.Ms.No.72, Hr. Edn. (TE.2) Dept., dt.26/9/2002.
JOB RESPONSIBILITIES OF TEACHERS (Diploma Level TechnicalInstitutions) ACADEMIC
Teaching Diploma & Post-Diploma courses including lectures,laboratory & tutorials Students Assessment & Evaluation includingExamination work of the State Board of Technical Education Planning and implementation ofinstruction in laboratory Developing Resource Material & Curricula Design &Developing of laboratory instructions Participation in the Co-curricular andExtra-curricular activities Student guidance & counselling & helping theircharacter development Innovation in technician education & evaluation Providingleadership in teaching Diploma & Post Graduate Diploma courses Promoting andCoordinating Continuing Education Activities Self development through Up-gradation ofknowledge and skills And any other relevant work assigned by the Head of theInstitution.
APPENDIX-C to G.O.Ms.No.72, Hr. Edn. (TE.2) Dept., dt.26/9/2002.
A Physical Director: -
1. is responsible for giving proper training to the students ingames and sports
2. will conduct physical training classes regularly every day inthe early hours of the morning in the premises of the Institute
3. will arrange for the formation of games committee soon afterthe admissions are over. The Games Committee generally consists of the following members:-i. Prinicipal : Chariman ii. One Head of Section : Member iii. Game Secretary (Student) :Member iv. Games Captain (Student) : Member v. Physical Director : Member & Convener
4. will take all possible steps to ensure that proper playfields/ court tracks etc developed by mobilizing support and cooperation from Agenciesconcerned / Government Departments and with the active involvement of the staff andstudents.
5. will maintain minutes book in which the resolutions passed bythe games committee such as budget, conduct of annual games and sprots, participation inInter-polytechnic games,. Approved allocation of funds to various activities etc.
6. will procure games articles to the extent of the amountapproved by games committee on competitive rates
7. will maintain Courts
8. will maintain stock register separately one for the articlespurchased from the games fund and another for Government funds and a register ofunserviceable articles
9. will dispose of the unserviceable articles in public auctionwith the approval of games committee in respect of articles purchased from the Governmentfunds.
10. will maintain perfect cleanliness in the Institution andPremises with the assistance of students and contingent staff allotted to him by thePrincipal
11. his/ her working hours are generally from 7 a.m to 10 a.m.and 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. on all working days
APPENDIX-D to G.O.Ms.No.72, Hr. Edn. (TE.2) Dept., dt.26/9/2002.
1. Book Selection and acquisition.
2. Planning and Developing the Library.
3. Orienting the users towards effective utilization of Libraryservices.
4. Cataloging and indexing and classification of Books andperiodicals.
5. Issuing and recovering of books, Restoring of Books andperiodicals.
6. Computerization of Library books and to maintain the booksfaculty wise.
SCHEDULE to G.O.Ms.No.72, Hr. Edn. (TE.2) Dept., dt.26/9/2002
Scale of pay of Teachers, Librarians and Physical Directors inDepartment of Technical Education
Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
(C.No.17161/TE.2/99)Hr. Edn. (TE.2) Dept.
P.S. – TECHNICAL EDUCATION – Implementation of AllIndia Council for Technical Education Scales of Pay, 1996 to the Teachers, PhysicalDirectors and Librarians working in Government Polytechnics/Institutions in the State– Orders – Issued.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------G.O.Ms.No. Hr.Edn., dt: /03/2002-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Read the following:
1. G.O.Ms.No.4, Edn. (TE.2) Department, dt.01/01/1998. 2.G.O.Ms.No.580, Edn. (TE.2) Department, dt.03/12/1998. 3. G.O.Ms.No.33, Edn. (TE.2)Department, dt.30/01/1999. 4. From the Member Secretary, AICTE, New Delhi,Lr.No.F.No.1-65- CD/NEC/98-99, dt.30/12/1999. 5. G.O.Ms.No.158, Hr.Edn. (TE.2) Dept.,Dt.22/11/2000. 6. G.O. Rt .No. 930, Higher Education (TE.2) Dept., Dt. 28-11-2000. 7. Fromthe Polytechnic All Lecturers Association Lr.No.PALA-I/2000, dt.14/2/2000. 8. From theC.T.E.Lr.No.B1-1/17180/2000-Vol.IV, dated 29/7/2000. 9. From theC.T.E.Lr.No.B1-1/17180/2000-Vol.IV, dated 18/10/2000. 10. From theC.T.E.Lr.No.B1-1/17180/2000-Vol.IV, dated 23/12/2000. 11. From the C.T.E.Lr.No.B1/4043/97-Vol.IV, dated 16/1/2001. 12. G.O.Rt. No 164, HE (TE2) Dept., dated19/2/2001 13. From the C.T.E., Lr.No. B1/17180/200, dated 30/4/2001 -ooo- ORDER:
In the G.Os first, second, third and fifth read above, orderswere issued extending All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) Scales of Pay,1986 to the Teachers, Physical Directors and Librarians working in the GovernmentPolytechnics/Institutions in the State.
2. In the reference fourth read above, the All India Council forTechnical Education has issued its recommendations regarding revision of pay scales andservice conditions of Teachers of Diploma level technical institutions i.e., All IndiaCouncil for Technical Education Scales of Pay, 1996. The above recommendations areapplicable to all the teaching categories working in Diploma level technical institutionsfalling under the purview of All India Council for Technical Education.
3. In the reference eighth read above, the Commissioner ofTechnical Education has, in accordance with the above mentioned notification issued by theAll India Council for Technical Education and on the representation // 2 //
made by the Polytechnic All Lecturers Association (PALA) in thereference seventh read above, recommended for implementation of the Revised AICTE Scalesof Pay 1996 as follows:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S.No. Category Comparable Existing scales of Revised AICTE Scales Teaching Pay, 1986 inRupees of Pay, 1996 (in Rs.) Position (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Lecturer --- 2200-75-2800-100-4000 8000-275-13500
2. Senior Lecturer/ Lecturer (Senior Scale) ---3000-100-3500-125-5000 10,000-325-15,200 3. Head of Section/ Lecturer (Selection Grade)--- 3700-125-4950-150-5700 12,000-420-18,300
4. Principal --- 4500-150-5700-200-6300 16,400-450-20,000
5. Physical Director Lecturer 2200-75-2800-100-40008000-275-13500
6. Librarian Lecturer 2200-75-2800-100-4000 8000-275-13500
7. Senior Physical Director/ Lecturer 3000-100-3500-125-500010,000-325-15,200 Physical Director(Senior (Senior Scale) Scale) 8. Senior Librarian/Librarian Lecturer 3000-100-3500-125-5000 10,000-325-15,200 (Senior Scale) (Senior Scale)9. Physical Director Lecturer 3700-125-4950-150-5700 12,000-420-18,300 (Selection Grade)(Selection Grade) 10. Librarian Lecturer 3700-125-4950-150-5700 12,000-420-18,300(Selection Grade) (Selection Grade)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Government after careful consideration of the revised AICTEscales of pay 1996 and the proposals submitted by the Commissioner of Technical Educationagree in principle to extend the revised AICTE scales of pay, 1996 to the teaching staffPhysical Directors and Librarians of Government Polytechnics who are presently governed byAICTE 1986 Scales of pay, notionally with effect from 1/1/1996. The arrears of Pay andAllowances from 1/4/1999 to 31/3/3003 shall be credited to G.P.F. account of the employeesand the payment of cash shall be made from the month of April, salaries 2002 payable on1st May, 2002.
6. Detailed instructions with regard to pay fixation formula,allowances payable, Modalities for extension of CAS etc. shall be issued separately.
7. This order issues with the concurrence of Finance (EBS.VII)Department vide their U.O.No. dated:


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Project DescriptionThe buildings were not conceived planimetrically, with notions of front, back, and sides, but rather were modeled dynamically in 3D, so the resulting buildings and landscape are omnidirectional. Outside, the buildings are defined by their faceted structural skin, covered in triangular tiles made of glass and white and black granite.
The lobbies are voluminous, column-free public rooms. Terraces and staircases cantilevering from the theater volume provide a grand architectural promenade and a stage for the audience itself.
The sweeping staircases and sculpted terraces of the foyer in the main volume give way to the auditorium, where curving balconies—designed to fragment the sound acoustically and to assure sight lines—emerge smoothly from walls, forming continuous surfaces within what Schumacher calls the "balanced asymmetry" of the auditorium. Here, Hadid refines the vineyard terracing first used by Hans Scharoun in the visually lyrical Berlin Philharmonie in 1963. Overhead, an installation of 4,000 LED fixtures dots the ceiling.
Read the full article: http://www.architectmagazine.com/cultural-projects/guangzhou-opera-house.aspx

subset: commoncrawl


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Local History
Physical Historical Collection
Emma Schultz and Emily Duchaj were the two largest collectors of historical materials until the mid 1990s. The collection has seen a growing interest in development and material acquisition/protection since approximately 2005 that is overwhelmingly supported by you, the public. In 2013 Dumoulin Farms very generously donated the new archival cabinets that house the growing collection today. Check the indices below to explore our physical collection.
HC Collection Index
Boxes & Larger Group Breakdown
Digital History Collection
Some of the physical items in the library's Historical Collection have been scanned, transcribed and uploaded for 24/7 access in the Illinois Digital Archives. Many of the items in our digital archives however, are items that have been donated digitally and the original item still resides with the family it references. Check the collection periodically as we try to upload materials year-round.
Search the whole collection by clicking the button!
Search the individual collections below:
Ella's Historical Collection-Images: Images have been donated to the library as one of the single best methods of documenting the history of the communities within the library's district. The collection of images reflects aspects of everyday life from the communities of Hampshire, Burlington, Pingree Grove, Stark's Corner as well as the outlying areas and other communities both past and present.
Ella's Historical Collection-Assorted Formats: From the time when the area was originally settled in the late 1830's the district has been an inventive and progressive area. Towns have moved, car races have been organized, Lincoln Logs were produced and life has continued to move forward. The Historical Collection contains artifacts, documents, newspapers, books and pamphlets that chronicle the history of the communities the library serves.
Ella's Historical Collection-Grand Army of the Republic, Post 453: The Grand Army of the Republic was an organization for Civil War Veterans that ran from 1866 until the death of its last member in 1956. Locally the organization was extremely active and the extensive collection of records left in the care of the library provides a first-hand account of the period and the people that shaped it.
Help Searching the Digital Collections


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A masters is awarded to students who have completed postgraduate level study in a specific field of study or area of professional practice while demonstrating a high level of mastery during the process.
Musicology includes the study of history, philosophy, and application of music from many pin point of view. Graduate study in musicology may cover approaches such as traditional and ethnographic investigation as well as musicology theory, hermeneutics, and criticism.
The United States of America is a large country in North America, often referred to as the "USA", the "US", the "United States", "America", or simply "the States". American colleges are funded by "tuition" charged to the student, which is often quite expensive, very commonly reaching into the tens of thousands of dollars per year.
Masters Degree in Musicology in the USA
The jazz studies concentration offers a high-level experience in small jazz ensemble and solo performance, arranging and composition, improvisation, and instrumental/vocal performance skills. In addition, William Paterson jazz students have access to high-level, primary source studies available only in the New York area, and to current pedagogical techniques in improvisation and arranging. A deeper level of study arises from the following: added historical and theoretical background (in the Western European tradition, as well as in jazz); primary source research and graduate-level writing opportunities uniquely available in jazz; current technological innovations as they relate to jazz; and application of these issues to pedagogical techniques in higher education and/or public schools. [+]
Binghamton University's nationally accredited Department of Music offers the Master of Music (MM) and the Master of Music in Opera degree programs. The former is best suited for music professionals and educators with various concentrations. [+]
Pursue your passion for sound design at the first and only university to confer B.F.A., M.A. and M.F.A. degrees in the field. You will be immersed in a curriculum that models the workflow of professional media production, taking your work to the next level even before you graduate. [+]


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Kevin Fleming Ph.D.
Coach/Change Agent/Consultant
Baltimore, New York 20777
Many times, child therapists overdo the family system in their quest to seek effective solutions for emotional, learning or behavioral concerns with young children. And many times doctors overpathologize issues that shouldn't be medicated necessarily. This leaves parents wondering what is the best route for their child? Introducing brainwave optimization technology. A fast, effective, natural, and less expensive way to allow your child's brain to make the optimizing changes it desires to make---on its own! Without any external force, opinion, medication, diagnostic, etc. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com or 877-606-6161.
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Are you wondering if your child could benefit from child therapy? Our therapists provide services to children of all ages. Who is Child Therapy For? As parents, we can usually tell when our normal efforts to help our child aren't working. There are times when we could benefit from more ideas for parenting. We want to give our child a chance to improve his or her own natural capacity to adjust and cope with challenges. Child therapy can help a child express normal emotions and is done often in conjunction with meetings with the parent(s). See our website about typical issues addressed with child therapy. Our child therapy services uses play therapy for children under a certain age.


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'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' Cast Flaunt Beach Bods in Hawaii (PHOTOS)
Camille Grammer sauntered around the beach in a black and white caftan before stripping down to a skimpy black two-piece. Meanwhile, Brandi Gainville, the newest RHOBH cast member and ex-wife of actor Eddie Cibrian, showed off her thin frame in a barely-there brown string bikini. Doesn't Brandi look awfully similar to Eddie's current squeeze, Leann Rimes?
Fan favorites Lisa Vanderpump and Kyle Richards looked more age-appropriate in colorful caftans and over-sized sunglasses.
The ladies were in Hawaii to film a scene for their upcoming second season. Hawaii played a pivotal (but indirect) role in the first season of RHOBH when Camille alleged that Kyle had dissed her for taking a family vacation to the island state without her then-husband Kelsey Grammer. The two have since patched things up.
Check out more photos of the cast on the beach and be sure to follow Celebuzz on Twitter, Facebook and Tumblr for more celeb news and photos.


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ICDL Concepts Chapter 2. Hardware
From MEPIS Documentation Wiki
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Chapter 2. Hardware
Central Processing Unit
Understand some of the functions of the CPU in terms of calculations, logic control, immediate access memory. Know that the speed of the CPU is measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).
Parts of the CPU
There are three main components to the CPU: the arithmetic-logic unit (ALU), control unit and on-board cache memory.
Control unit: The control unit is responsible for loading and interpreting the individual instructions that comprise the computer program. These instructions are in a language called machine code. Machine code is a pattern of ones and zeros. The control unit also has the task of getting the data needed by the instructions and returning the results of the processing after the instruction has been executed.
Arithmetic-logic unit: The ALU is responsible for carrying out arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction as well as logical decisions such as whether one number is bigger than another. All programs consist of complex sets of arithmetic and logical operations. Another way of thinking of a logical operation is as a decision making operation.
On-board cache memory: Because the CPU can perform its operations much faster than data can be transferred from RAM, many CPUs have on-board cache memory. This is memory that the control unit can access very quickly and use for intermediate storage. Further, data and instructions can be loaded into cache before they are actually needed. When they are needed, the transfer is much faster than it would have been if RAM had been used.
Speed of the CPU: The CPU operates as a result of electronic pulses sent to it by another device on the motherboard called the clock. The speed of a CPU is measured by the maximum number of pulses it is able to handle. This is measured in MHz (megahertz) or millions of pulses per second or GHz (gigahertz) thousands of millions of pulses per second. A good personal computer will use a CPU with a clock speed of over 2 GHz. This means it receives 2 000 000 000 million pulses every second from the CPU.
Previously CPUs could only do one operation per pulse. With improvements in technology, they have been able to improve on this. For example, they can do one operation at the start of the pulse and one at the end of the pulse.
Understand different types of computer memory such as: RAM (random-access memory), ROM (read-only memory) and distinguish between them.
As mentioned in the first chapter RAM is used to store the current data and programs whereas ROM is used to store the routines that enable a computer to boot up.
The following table compares RAM and ROM.
Memory Measurements
Know how computer memory is measured: bit, byte, KB, MB, GB, TB. Relate computer memory measurements to characters, files and directories/folders.
In all the components of a computer, data and instructions are stored as patters of ones and zeros. These individual ones and zeros are called bits.
In electronic components the one is stored by switching an electronic switch on and a zero by switching it off. On a magnetic material, such as the surface of a hard disk, the one may be stored with a clockwise magnetic field and a zero with a counter-clockwise field.
The reason for the use of only ones and zeros stems directly from the fact that modern circuitry makes use of electronic switches and these can only be on or off. The term for circuitry based on switches is digital. Arithmetic based on the use of only ones and zeros is called binary arithmetic.
Bits are grouped together into sets of eight. A set of eight bits is called a byte.
ASCII or American Standard Code for Information Interchange was a system of representing all the characters of the western alphabet and certain special characters in a single byte. You can think of the byte as the amount of memory required to store a single character.
As there are only 256 possible variations within eight bits, this is not sufficient to represent other alphabets. As a result a new system, called uni-code, has been developed to represent all the alphabets of the world. This makes use of two bytes or sixteen bits. With two bytes, 65536 different characters and symbols can be represented.
Units of memory
Understand how computer memory measurement is expressed using the metric system.
Because we use very large numbers of bytes for storage, abbreviations are used for large numbers. These are based on powers of two and are set out in the following table.
The capacity of hard drives is measured in bytes. A modern hard drive has a capacity of 40 Gb or more.
When files are stored on disk, the amount of space they occupy is measured in bytes. The following screen shows a partial listing of files in a directory. Notice the fourth column which contains the size of the file in bytes. (Don't be concerned with the detail of this screen – it is shown purely for illustrative purposes.)
When we work with files and directories, we often need to know how large the files are or how much space a directory and its files occupies.
One byte is one character which is a number, letter or symbol. It consists of eight bits (binary digits) and is the smallest unit of information a computer can process.
One kilobyte is 1,024 characters and is approximately equal to one page of text in double-spacing.
One megabyte is 1,048,576 characters and is approximately equal to one book.
One gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 characters and is approximately equal to 1000 books.
One terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776 characters and is approximately equal to a whole library.
Input Devices
Identify some of the main devices for inputting data into a computer such as: mouse, keyboard, trackball, scanner, touchpad, lightpen, joystick, digital camera, microphone.
Any device which allows us to send data or instructions to the computer can be regarded as an input device. We can use any mechanical movement, sound, light, heat or electronic signals to input data and instructions.
The most familiar input device is the keyboard. Users type the text directly into the computer.
There are a number of layouts of the keyboard. The most important are the language variations. For example, the US and UK keyboards are quite similar but are very different from the French keyboard.
The mouse is a point and click device. As you move the mouse across a surface, it senses this movement either mechanically or optically. This is translated into the movement of a pointer on the screen. Functions are represented as icons on the screen. When you click on these using a mouse button, the function is executed.
A touchpad is a device that senses pressure to guide the pointer on the computer screen. It is generally a small square area below the keyboard. As the user moves his/her finger across the touchpad, the pointer moves on the screen. Next to the pad are two buttons used for clicking in exactly the same way as those on a mouse.
A trackball acts as a type of overturned mouse. The ball is on the top side of the object. By rolling the ball you can move the pointer across the screen. Some keyboards have an in-built trackball.
The trackball has been superseded by the touchpad.
A light pen is a device which is sensitive to variations in patterns on a surface. Light pens act like a miniature scanner and can read text as they are dragged across the printed page. This can be transferred directly to the current open document.
Bar code reader
A bar code is a pattern of vertical lines in which the spacing and thickness can be used to represent data. A bar code reader is a device that can read and interpret bar codes and input the data into the computer.
A joystick is a device that is familiar for use in games to move objects on the screen. However, it is also used to control the movements in computerised industrial machines such as lathes. It consists of a small vertical lever which can move in any direction. These movements are translated to the computer which in turn uses them to control the movements of machinery.
Digital camera
Instead of film, a digital camera uses a light sensitive screen at the back of the camera. A small computer inside the camera converts the pattern on the screen into a standard graphics file which can then be transferred to a computer.
A microphone translates speech into an electronic signal. Modern speech recognition software is able to translate this into either commands or data. This enables the user to use a microphone as an alternative to the keyboard.
A scanner is similar to a photocopier, except that instead of producing a paper copy of the document you place on it, you get an electronic copy which appears on your computer screen.
Text recognition software can be used with a scanner. This software is able to recognise the individual letters in the image. Instead of creating a single image of the document, the software inserts actual text into your application which can then be edited.
Output Devices
Identify common output devices for displaying the results of processing carried out by a computer, such as: monitors, screens, printers, plotters, speakers. Know where these devices are used.
An output is any device that the computer uses to send the results of processing to the user. The output can be a hard copy (paper), visual or sound.
Visual Display Unit (VDU)
Virtually all computers use some type of screen as their primary output device. There are two categories of screen: cathode ray tube and LCD.
CRT screens: The cathode ray tube (CRT) type screen is usually called a monitor and makes use of the same technology as a television screen. A beam of electronics is fired from an electronic gun at the back of the tube. This strikes the front of the tube which is covered in a phosphorescent material which glows when struck by electrons. Between the electron gun and the screen the beam is modulated by a signal to produce the image you see on the screen.
With CRT type screens, an important measure is the refresh rate. Roughly speaking, this is the number of times the image is refreshed every second. A low refresh rate makes the image appear to flicker. You need a refresh rate of at least 72 Hz (72 times a second) to avoid the appearance of flicker.
Solid state screens: Solid state screens, also known as LCD or Liquid Crystal Displays, make use of tiny transistors to emit light and create an image. Originally, LCD screens were confined to laptops, but they are increasingly used with desktops. They are usually called flat screens when used as separate units with desktops.
Resolution: An important characteristic of all screens is their resolution. Each point of light on the screen is called a pixel. The resolution of a screen is the maximum number of pixels that the screen can display. This is given as the number of pixels across (horizontal resolution) by the number of pixels down (vertical resolution). For example, 800 x 600. The greater the resolution the better. Modern screens can display 1024 X 768 or better.
Printers produce a hard copy of the output on paper. There are three main types of printer: Dot matrix, Inkjet and Laser. The following table compares the three types.
A plotter consists of a device that can move paper both backwards and forwards. On the top of the device one or more pens are able to move horizontally across the paper. The combined movement of the pens horizontally across the paper and the vertical movement of the paper allows complex continuous diagrams to be drawn.
Some plotters allow different colour pens to be used to create diagrams in multiple colours.
In other types of plotters, the paper lies on a flat bed. The mechanics of the plotter are so designed that the pens can move both across and down the paper to create the diagram.
Plotters are usually used in conjunction with CAD (Computer Assisted Design) programs. These are used in everything from the design of ships and machines to buildings.
Modern computers using the appropriate software can turn text in a document into audible speech. This is known as speech synthesis. Other types of software allow music and other sounds to be created and played back.
The line between the computer and a home entertainment system is becoming blurred. Computers are able to play music directly from a CD or play a film from a DVD. You can even fit your computer with a radio or TV card to add these functions.
In all cases, the sound is transmitted through a speaker in the same way it is in a sound system or radio.
Input/Output Devices
Understand some devices are both input/output devices such as: touchscreens.
Some devices function as both input and output devices.
A touchscreen is a special type of screen in which the screen not only displays output but also responds to being touched.
A typical example is their use in autotellers at banks. Part of the screen contains information. Other parts may contain a menu. When you touch one of the icons on the screen, the system responds to the associated command.
Another example is to be found in information screens in shopping malls. The lower half of the screen consists of a number of icons representing menu items. If you touch one of these, either information will be displayed in the top half or a sub-menu will appear allowing you to refine your search for information.
PDAs have touch sensitive screens. You would use a special stylus to touch icons on the screen or to write. Character recognition software then converts your writing to input text for the PDA.
Storage Devices
Compare the main types of memory storage devices in terms of speed, cost and capacity such as: diskette, Zip disk, data cartridges, CD-ROM, internal, external hard disk.
A diskette comprises a plastic flexible disk enclosed inside a tough plastic cover. At one end is a window. When the diskette is placed inside a diskette drive, the window is pushed to the side. The read-record head inside the drive makes contact with the magnetic disk.
Diskettes are slow and have a low capacity (1,44 Mb). Since they are cheap, they still tend to be commonly used for storing small amounts of data. Another advantage is that they can be used over and over again. Unfortunately, many are not very good quality and data can become corrupted and unusable. Because of this they are not suited to backup purposes. The disks can become corrupt through many causes including disk, heat, magnetism or moisture.
Zip disk
A zip disk is a removable magnetic disk which fits into a special zip drive. The surface is coated with a special scratch resistant material which makes a zip disk a very robust storage device. It comes in a number of capacities: 100, 250 and 750 Mb. The speed of a zip drive is faster than all but the very fastest of CD drives. Its robustness and speed make it an excellent backup device. However, its capacity is much less than that of hard drives and tape drives which limits its use for very large amounts of data.
Data cartridge
A data cartridge is a tape very similar to that found in a tape recorder, only much higher quality. These are used in a device called a tape streamer to record data. Data cartridges, especially if good quality, are reliable and cheap devices for creating backups of large quantities of data. They are, however, rather slow. Data cartridges are sequential devices which means that to access an item of data on them, all the preceding data reads to be read first. They are tending to become obsolete as newer faster and more reliable technologies are available. A single tape can stored many Gb of data.
A CD ROM uses optical technology. When data is written, small pits are burned into the surface using a highly focussed laser beam. These are read by another laser beam.
There are two types of CD ROM used for storage. The CD-W disks can only be written to once. Once data has been written to part of the surface, this part can no longer be used. CD-RW disks are designed so that one set of data can overwrite another. This allows the disks to be re-used many times.
CD ROM provides a reliable and storage medium for backing up and storing data. The speed is greater than that of a diskette but slower than that of a hard drive. Writing to a CD ROM is a much slower process than reading it. The capacity of a CD ROM is 640 Mb. It is sometimes possible to store about 700 Mb on a disk.
CD ROM technology is improving all the time with continued improvements in quality and speed.
The Digital Versatile Disk is a development of the storage technology of the CD ROM. Using newer storage methods and higher quality media, a DVD can store about 4 Gb of data. This is enough to store a full length film.
Hard disk drive
A hard disk drive can be internal or external. An internal drive is housed inside the main unit and is connected directly to the motherboard of the computer. An external drive is housed inside a special caddy which connects to the computer through one of its ports. Most now use the USB or firewire ports to achieve maximum performance.
An external hard drive is a good backup medium and allows large quantities of data to be stored. Since the same drive can be connected at different times to different computers, these drives provide a useful way of transferring data between computers that are not connected through a network. As they are electromechanical devices, they are subject to mechanical failure if not handled with care. The small 2½" drives used in laptops make excellent external hard drives since they are constructed to be moved around.
Modern hard drives have capacities from 40 Mb to 120 Mb. They are also relatively cheap in terms of the storage capacity they offer.
Because they contain moving parts, they do eventually fail. When a hard drive fails is quite unpredictable. Any suspicious noise coming from a hard drive should be viewed with great caution and the data it contains should backed up immediately. The expected life span of a hard drive is measured as the mean time between failures. This is a very rough average of the working life. Figures of 250 000 hours are often quoted but these should be viewed with caution.
Numerous systems have been developed to protect data on hard disks. One of these is mirroring where the data is stored simultaneous on two disks. The one disk becomes the mirror image of the other. If one fails, the data is still one the other. In this case, the first disk is replaced, the system creates a mirror image of the first disk automatically and the system continues.
There are a number of measures of performance of a hard disk. One is the speed at which the platters turn. Typically this is somewhere between 4800 and 7200 rpm. There are faster, more expensive disks. Another is the access time. This is the time it takes the disk to access an item of data. A good figure here would be around 10 ms. An ms or millisecond is one thousandth of a second. Disks are also sometimes compared in terms of their data transfer rates. This is a measure of how many bytes can be read or written per second.
Flash memory and memory sticks
A new type of external memory is the flash disk or memory stick. This is a solid state device (no moving parts) that connects to the computer via the USB port. It provides a very fast and reliable method of storing data externally. Whilst it seems to accurately describe these devices, the term "Memory Stick" may cause confusion and should be used with caution as it is the name given by Sony to the proprietary storage media in their digital cameras (and other devices such as the Playstation Portable). Sony Memory Sticks are not directly USB compatible and require a separate reader.
They are at the moment fairly expensive, especially the larger capacity devices. They tend to be limited to a maximum of about 2 Gb. This figure can be expected to increase quite dramatically over time.
Flash memory is typically used in media players such as the iPod Nano and iPod Shuffle, as well as digital picture frames and other similar gadgets you can purchase at your local department or electronics store.
Relative cost of storage
As in the case of computers, the cost of memory is continually changing. The price varies from country to country as well as according to international demand. In order to compare the cost of memory, a common measure is to calculate the cost per Mb. The following table compares the cost per Mb of the different media.
This table tells you that it is about 100 times as expensive to store a Mb of data on a floppy disk as it is on a hard drive.
Use this table with caution. Treat the values as very approximate relative values. In other words use them as comparative values, not as monetary values.
Formatting disks
Understand the purpose of formatting a disk.
A new diskette or hard disk is not able to record data immediately. The disk first needs to be prepared by a process known as formatting. This marks out concentric circles called tracks. Each track is divided into a number of sectors. The tracks and sectors are marked out using magnetic markers.
As data is recorded on a disk, it fills up. To be able to re-use a disk, it may also be formatted. This releases the areas that contain data so that new data may be stored in its place. When a disk is reformatted, the old data is lost.
When data is stored on a disk, it is not always stored in a continuous pattern. Rather, the system stores data in the first free area it finds. When this has been filled, it looks for additional free space and continues storing the data. A file ends up being stored as a series of segments across the disk. This breaking up a a file into many segments is called fragmentation.
Fragmentation slows down the operation of the disk as the system needs to keep track of all the different segments. A disk may be re-organised to reduce fragmentation by a process called defragmentation.
There are different file systems available, but in all cases the disk needs to be prepared with the index area, tracks and sectors through formatting.
As mentioned previously, disk can be reformatted. In this process everything on the disk is erased and the disk is formatted as if it was a new disk.
The following diagram represents the tracks (green) and sectors (red triangular area) that are created when the disk is formatted and ready to store data.


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City of Las Vegas officials are pledging to increase services for seniors as they prepare to take over operation of the three senior centers in San Miguel County.
"The services won't be the same. They'll be much better. That's a guarantee," said Mayor Alfonso Ortiz.
By Barry Massey
The Associated Press
SANTA FE — Lawmakers and Gov. Susana Martinez will have $272 million available in the upcoming budget year for spending increases on government programs and to offset any new tax cuts that may be enacted, according to a new financial forecast released Wednesday.
If all of the money is added to the state's budget next year, it will allow for spending increases of 4.8 percent.
In 1962
Friday, Aug. 24 — Detour signs, signs of progress, appeared on several City streets this week as the City's paving project got underway with work on National Avenue. Bruce Construction Company engineer Jim Casady said that the crew will continue to work west on National to the bridge, then will move south on 12th Street to Douglas, where they will turn east on Douglas Avenue to Grand.
Music from Angel Fire concert is today
Music from Angel Fire will hold its Las Vegas concert at 7 p.m. today, (Friday), at Ilfeld Auditorium. Tickets are $20 for adults; $15 for patrons 30 and under with a valid I.D. and $10 for students with a valid I.D. Tickets are available at the Media Arts Building across from Ilfeld, Pendaries Village, Plaza Hotel and Semilla Natural Foods.
Scattered showers and thunderstorms. Partly sunny, with a high near 80. West wind 10-15 mph. Chance of precipitation is 40 percent. Scattered showers and thunderstorms at night. Mostly cloudy, with a low around 58. West wind 5-10 mph, becoming north after midnight. Chance of precipitation is 50 percent.
The Associated Press
ALBUQUERQUE — A federal jury has convicted an Albuquerque man of retaliating against two IRS workers involved in tax collections against him and his wife.
Sixty-eight-year-old John Williamson faces up to 15 years in prison and fines up to $255,000 on felony charges of retaliation and interference with the agents' official duties.
The following individuals were booked into the San Miguel County Detention Center between Aug. 13 and Aug. 20:
Heriberto Martinez, 35, 24 day commitment — third DWI
Gilbert Chavez, 75, six day commitment — suspended/ revoked driver's license
Jerry Gomez, 38, district court warrant
Samantha Whittington, 30, magistrate court warrant
Robert Ruiz, 36, burglary
Jessie Matta, 30, assault on a household member, criminal damage to property, driving while intoxicated
By Jeri Clausing
The Associated Press
LOS ALAMOS — Nuclear watchdogs are fighting a proposal to ship tons of plutonium to New Mexico, including the cores of nuclear warheads that would be dismantled at an aging and structurally questionable lab atop an earthquake fault zone.
Opponents voiced their opposition at a series of public hearings that opened this week on the best way to dispose of the radioactive material as the federal government works to reduce the nation's nuclear arsenal.
By Julie Pace and Matthew Daly
The Associated Press
HOBBS — Seeking to reset his economic message, Republican Mitt Romney pledged Thursday to create 3 million jobs and more than $1 trillion in revenue by ramping up offshore oil drilling and giving states more control over energy production on federal land.
Romney, reviving a long-elusive goal pushed by presidents and presidential candidates for decades, said his plans would make the U.S., along with Canada and Mexico, energy independent by 2020.
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The Las Vegas Optic is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in San Miguel County and Las Vegas, NM, and the surrounding area.


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Those living and working in the Village of Nyack already knew their hometown was a winner, but now there is some added recognition and validation from Benjamin Moore.
The paint company announced Monday morning that the village received enough votes to win its Main Street Matters campaign, which includes repainting some Main Street properties.
"We'll be working with each town over the next year with the help of local Benjamin Moore retailers and local painting contractors. Throughout the process, we'll be reporting back about the projects and the people we meet along the way so come back here to keep following the story," reads the announcement from Benjamin Moore.
Each location will get a customized approach but painting will begin this summer, said a Benjamin Moore spokeswoman.
Other winners on the list of 20 were Sea Bright, N.J.; Westerly, R.I.; Martinez, Calif.; and Flint, Mich. In all nearly a half a million votes were generated by the stories of a 100 communities in the U.S. and Canada.
"Our Main Streets are the vital hubs of our communities — and Benjamin Moore and our network of independent dealers have always been integral parts of Main Street," David Melacon, chief marketing office of Benjamin Moore., said in a press release.
Nyack Village Mayor Jen White had recorded a video urging all those who love Nyack to vote online at the Benjamin Moore site.
Officials at Village Hall were proud of the award, but referred calls for a comment to the mayor, who was away on vacation.


text: Career Center Employers? Post Jobs and More Job Seeker Sign In Home Jobs Your Profile Resources Your Account Job Seekers Sign In New Job Seeker? Sign Up Overview Your Saved Jobs Your Job Alerts Your Profile Your Documents Your Applications Help Welcome to Aging Services Career Center Search Browse Explore Your Job Alerts Your Saved Jobs 0 Return to Search Results Physical Therapist - Home Health Providence Health & Services savedJobs Apply Now Continue To Application The application opened in a new tab. By using this feature you agree to our Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy. Details Posted: July 8, 2017 Location: Spokane Valley, Washington Salary: Open Type: Full Time - Experienced Discipline: Allied Health Description: Providence is calling a Physical Therapist (PT) (Home Health, Day Shift, 1.0FTE, 40hrs/wk) to Providence VNA Home Health in Spokane, Washington. We are a community of caregivers delivering every day on our Mission to provide compassionate care that is accessible for all - especially those who are poor and vulnerable. In this position you will: Provide in-home treatment programs to assist patients in restoring function, relieving pain, and preventing disability. Provide in-home treatment programs to assist patients in restoring function, relieving pain, and preventing disability. Allow patients and their families to maintain dignity and independence while receiving safe, effective rehabilitation in the security of their home. Consult with the physician and an interdisciplinary team in the development of a plan of treatment. Drive to your patients' homes throughout your assigned region on a daily basis. Use critical thinking skills, decisive judgment, and your ability to make independent decisions. Utilize software programs for the maintenance of patient records and communication with team members. Qualifications: Required qualifications for this position include: Bachelor's degree in Physical Therapy from an institution approved by the state board Current Washington State Physical Therapist License Current Healthcare Provider Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) certification Current Washington State driver's license and access to daily use of an insured, reliable vehicle or an alternate ability to travel to sites as required Preferred qualifications for this position include: Two (2) years of therapy experience with adult physical disabilities One (1) year of therapy experience in home care or related rehabilitation setting Experience with the geriatric population About the ministry you will serve. Providence VNA Home Health is a not-for-profit, home health ministry serving patients in their places of residence in the greater Spokane community of Washington state. We provide health care for patients of all ages who have a temporary condition such as post-surgical care, or are recovering from or living with a chronic condition. Our skilled and compassionate team includes nurses, medical social workers, home health aides, registered dietitians, occupational/physical/speech therapists, and pharmacists. We offer a full comprehensive range of benefits - see our website for details http://www.providenceiscalling.jobs/rewards-benefits/ Our Mission As people of Providence, we reveal God's love for all, especially the poor and vulnerable, through our compassionate service. About Us Providence Health & Services is the third largest not-for-profit health system in the United States. Providence employs more than 82,000 caregivers (employees) across a five-state area; AK, WA, MT, OR, and CA. Our facilities include 34 hospitals, 600 physician clinics, senior services, supportive housing and other health and educational services. Providence is proud to be an Equal Opportunity Employer. Providence does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, gender, disability, veteran, military status, religion, age, creed, national origin, sexual identity or expression, sexual orientation, marital status, genetic information, or any other basis prohibited by local, state, or federal law. Schedule: Full-time Shift: Day Job Category: Physical Therapy Location: Washington-Spokane Valley Req ID: 156058 Internal Number: 156058 Send Me Similar Jobs By Email View All Providence Health & Services Jobs More Jobs Like This Physical Therapist CHRISTUS Health Longview, Texas Today Physical Therapy Assistant CHRISTUS Health Longview, Texas Today REHAB THERAPY OPERATIONS MANAGER - JOHN H. STROGER HOSPITAL Cook County Health & Hospitals System Chicago, Illinois Yesterday Back to top Help is on the way! We're sorry you are having trouble applying for this job. Please try loading this job using the following link before submitting your help request: Name: Email: Please provide details: Submit Help Request Error Close Continue


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Jesus' return is iminent, Our Lord pleads, the Eucharist is the most important gift and help...
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What are some of the deeper Truths, Protestants aren't seeing?
The most important Truth unrecognized, receiving God Himself in the Eucharist.
Jesus is getting our brothers and sisters ready to accept
His presence in the Eucharist.
+ + +
message to Debra Lowe, a non-Catholic Christian
December 7, 2012
The Spirit of the Lord says:
"In the Spirit there is ground and area covered that you could never cover or go on your own. But because you have accepted the assistance of the Holy One, you have reached areas in the realm of the Spirit that will carry you through. You will be victorious and you will notice a change in the way you see things. The way you approach things will be different now because some things that were twisted in the realm of your mind and life were untwisted this morning and you will begin to see the results of that in your walk with Me. And you will say it's not by my might, it's not by my power but it will be by My Spirit says the Lord. For I have done supernatural things as you worshiped me, as you honored me by humbling your heart, and you gave the little of yourself that you surrendered and you laid your all at the altar, I accepted it. I accepted what you gave and I turned it around and multiplied it back into your life far beyond what you could ever perceive. I am doing supernatural things in you even now and I will continue until signs and wonders follow. You will recognize says the Lord, in the days ahead something has changed in you. And you will say something has changed and you won't understand, and you won't be able to see, but you'll know some things now. Your understanding will be enlightened! Those things that held you in bondage in days gone by, you will recognize that you are now stepping over them. You will not be hindered by them any longer.
The enemy will try and tempt you again and he'll say, they are not hindered by these things any longer. All of his cohorts will recognize something shifted in your atmosphere. And when something shifted in your atmosphere, crooked places were straightened out, old strongholds were destroyed. The greater one that lives and abides on the inside of you will arise like never before and you will speak victory over things that keep you from being all that I have made you to be, and you will take the territory that I gave you establish the Kingdom. Yes, you understand the deeper truths of the Kingdom now, more is being uncovered and revealed and made known to My children. You will receive it says the Spirit of grace for now you recognize who you really are! The sons and the daughters of the most high God and you have equal seating with Me in heavenly places. Accept that and walk taller and be strong and be different from this moment on."
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FEMALE PASTOR/teacher
[link to www.youtube.com]
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|Imin zawahiri...aafia siddiqui..drugs,san diego...human geography and the apocolyptic timeline...
|In a release about 8 months ago imin Zawahiri issued another threat to America..
|The idi imin curveball..the .general patton curveball..the beast of prophecy
|Oil prices...imin zawahiri..france....today's al queda claim..the granddaddy of intel ops...
|Imin zawahiri speaks today on syrian situation....the 2 witnesses
|Related Topic: Religion (Human Interest)


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The focus companies are placing on their "duty of care" for travelling employees is rising as a result of the high number of political conflicts and recent airline crashes, says American Express Global Business Travel Asia general manager David Reimer.
"I think it continues to grow," he said.
"The Australian market is probably more sensitised to duty of care given the heavy footprint we have in mining and industrial services."
To help companies better keep track of travelling employees during an emergency, the corporate travel agent has launched a "Card Swipe" product which allows travel managers or company security teams to pinpoint where American Express (Amex) corporate credit-card transactions have occurred.
The product, which was launched in the US this week, is expected to be available in Australia by the end of the year.
"Typically, when you have a crisis situation, a severe natural disaster event occurring as well sometimes, you may have limited ability to get in touch with someone through cellular . . . or normal means," Mr Reimer said. "I think it is another layer in demonstrating the ongoing focus on the traveller."
Mr Reimer said a few clients had asked some questions about airlines after the MH17 crash but none had barred Malaysia Airlines from their corporate travel policies.
He said the larger trend among companies involved cutting travel budgets so that more employees were forced to travel in economy class rather than business class.
The Global Business Travel Association on Monday reported spending on Australian business travel had fallen 4.2 per cent to $US20 billion ($21.2 billion) in 2013.
"I think there has certainly been a decline in travel spending," he said. "It differs by sector. The mining and industrial sector is off the peak of boom times."
He said business confidence appeared to be "medium at best" and he had yet to meet a company looking to increase its travel budget in the current environment.
To help retain and win new business, Amex has developed a "First" product, which it is launching in Australia, targeted at C-suite executives, board members and other frequent corporate travellers. It will involve interviewing the traveller or his or her personal assistant to find out unique details beyond a typical corporate travel profile.
For example, an executive who competes in triathlons in his free time might request hotels within a five-kilometre radius of a track with a swimming pool and a room service menu with high-protein and high-carb options. Amex might also be told he likes flights to be rebooked automatically if they are cancelled rather than being contacted by phone first.
"We want to delight a customer," Mr Reimer said. "It is having that level of soft skills and backing it up with technology."
The Australian Financial Review


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Need a last minute gift for the gamer in your life? Needing something to splurge on thanks to Grandma's check? Look no further than The List and our staff holiday gift guide. Leave a few of your suggestions in the comments as well.
It's that time of year, and we've been thinking about how nice Santa has been to us in the past, and how we should offer our own thoughts on some gear and goodies we all would readily recommend to you guys. Be sure to give a look at our picks, and definitely add your own thoughts and suggestions to the below! Rather than just fill it up with stuff PR folks want us to mention, we thought we'd actually recommend some things we're using and/or playing.
Read more of The List: The 2013 Holiday Gift Guide.


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BIRTHDAY PROFILE...Old-school rapper Doug E. Fresh turns 47 years old today
Old-school rapper Doug E. Fresh turns 47 years old today (Tuesday).
- Doug E. Fresh was born Douglas E. Davis on September 17, 1966.
- Known as the Human Beat Box, Doug was able to imitate drum machines and various special effects using only his mouth, lips, gums and throat.
- Mr. Fresh got his break as part of the Get Fresh Crew with Barry Bee, along withChill Will and newcomer MC Ricky D (who would later become known as Slick Rick). They turned out two hit songs -- "The Show, which borrowed the melody of the Inspector Gadget theme, and "La Di Da Di," with rhymes by MC Ricky D backed by Doug E's beatboxing for the entire song.
- Doug put out four albums between 1986 and 1995. The 1992 album Doin' What I Gotta Do was on MC Hammer's label, Bust It Records, but it went nowhere.
- In 2010, Cali Swag District brought back some of Doug's trademark dance moves with their song "Teach Me How to Dougie."


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After the Department of Justice's continued refusal to cooperate with the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on the gun running investigation known as Operation Fast and Furious, Congressman Blake Farenthold (TX-27) issued the following statement on the contempt of Congress proceedings:
"The Department of Justice has consistently stonewalled the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, refusing to turn over documents and information that could shed light on who is responsible for the transfer of over two thousand weapons to Mexican drug cartels, including one used in the murder of U.S. Border Patrol Agent Brian Terry. After reviewing all the information, the case for contempt is clear. I am urging Chairman Darrell Issa to move forward with proceedings to hold Attorney General Eric Holder in contempt of Congress."
Source: http://farenthold.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1319&Itemid=100059


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There's nothing like beer at lunch to beef up the appetite.
Kingsley's Schnitzel and Alehouse
The name Kingsley is synonymous with blokey experiences. First there was Kingsley's Steak and Cigar Bar the quintessential male dining experience in the CBD, at which thick, red and bloody were the watchwords. And that was just the wine.
Then came Kingsley's Steak and Crabhouse in the Wharf, Woolloomooloo meat with a view where thick, red, bloody and crabby were the watchwords. And that was just John Laws heading for Otto.
Now we have the latest incarnation: Kingsleys Schnitzel and Alehouse, where the watchwords are, er, schnitzel-y and, um, ale-y.
Yes, this is where you go for schnitzel and ale. There is steak on the menu, and various mussels, and salmon and oysters, but ordering these would be a bit like going to a seafood restaurant and ordering a hamburger.
"I quite fancy a steak," says Ardyn Fast, as we take our seats on the balcony above the Woolloomooloo Hotel overlooking the rich people eating across the road at the finger wharf. It is a glorious view. "Or maybe the salmon."
(Ms Fast is of that breed of people who turn up at a burger joint and ask for a burger without the salad, without the pickle, without the bun and . . . could you hold the beef?)
Thankfully, the application of several glasses of the beautiful, honeyed Beez Neez beer oil the wheels of change and she is persuaded that perhaps a schnitzel is the way to go.
And a plate of spicy meatballs, and a plate of fried chorizo sausage with gruyere cheese, and a pontiac potato salad. And more beer. Honestly, a lunch with her is like a night out with the soccer boys all 11 of them.
There are nine types of schnitzel on the menu, ranging from straight chicken to the Big K beef schnitzel filled with mustard, pickles and gruyere cheese.
The six spicy meatballs are spicy and meatball-ish and come in a dinky little iron serving dish. They're pretty good but maybe not something you'd rave about. Ditto the great pile of fried chorizo which comes topped with cheese.
If you like chorizo, this is the dish for you, though I would get stuck into them quickly or the cheese turns into a sort of yellow plastic you could use to handcuff criminals. Ms Fast isn't overly impressed, declaring them a little greasy.
Was this the time to point out that the menu says "fried chorizo" and not "daintily grilled" or "boiled"? Nah. All the more for me.
Now, does anyone not know what a schnitzel is? Basically, you take a lump of meat and bash it flat. Then you cover it in various sorts of breadcrumbs, seasonings and sauces and fry it. Voila.
There is not a lot you can do to bugger up a schnitzel, though it is possible. Here they are just perfect. Ms Fast's chicken is tender, while my Big K, with the ingredients stuffed into a sliced "pocket", is terrifically different.
The red-pink pontiac potato salad (onions, mustard, spring onions and the like) is not to Ms Fast's liking but I reckon it makes a great accompaniment to a lovely big bit of meat. The alternative an iceberg, tomato and onion salad is prosaic but refreshing.
Did I mention the beer? Four types of St Arnou (including the fantastic Kildara and St Cloud), Beez Neez, Little Creatures and James Squire amber ale . . . with that lot available, they could serve up scabby dogs and I'd still go there.
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I really loved A Taste of Saigon when they were in Silversprings. We ate there regularly. I was very excited to see that they moved near to my home address in Royal Oak. However, we were so disappointed by the service (they sat us at the "bar" and promised to give us the next table, but never did get us a table) the wait time (over an hour) and the food (alerted us after 45 minutes that they ran out of the food we ordered) that we are unsure we will ever return (oh, and they over-charged us on our bill). The only good thing about the experience was that despite the fact that the food was uncharastically cold, it was still tasty! We will give it one more try because we really want to enjoy the food we used to eat when they were in Silver Springs.
This place is run by a complete family who work harder than anyone I have met in the business and genuinely care about the customer. No they cannot put out like a McDonalds food chain, but if I wanted that I would be at McDonalds.
The food is excellent and I have tried other places but no one really compares. I eat there VERY often and have not been dissappointed. I often take friends and family there.
Please be patient as they are limited in what they can do all at one time.
The prices are fair and you get good value for your money there.
I am waiting patiently for them to open their new establishment in Royal Oak hopefully in September. I can't wait.
This food is delicious. Absolutely dynamite. Try the soup, it'll make your C & B's tingle with delight.


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Submitted by harit on Tue, 12/19/2006 - 11:40. ( categories: perl questions )
I am trying to open a file using file handle,
Thanks in advance
I am trying to open a file using file handle,
Now I know a particular line saying expression X(not the line number),and now I want to search using this an want to format and save it into a variable.
How can i do that
Thanks in advance
+ Harit Himanshu
It's not very clear to me
Submitted by toshiro on Sat, 12/23/2006 - 11:43.
It's not very clear to me what you're trying to accomplish:
do you want to store into a variable all the lines from a file that match a given regular expression?
If that is what you want you can do something like this:
my @results; while ( <FILE> ) { push @results, $_ if ( /regular-expression/ ); }


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Conan O'Brien and his former sidekick on NBC's "Late Night," Andy Richter, are reuniting for NBC's "Andy Barker P.I."
Conan O'Brien and Andy Richter, former sidekicks on NBC's "Late Night," are reuniting for NBC primetime "Andy Barker P.I." It is a detective comedy pilot, which O'Brien co-wrote and is executive producing.
Richter is said to play the title character, an accountant who rents an office previously used by a private investigator and then becomes a reluctant sleuth when his accounting business goes dry. Also cast in the pilot is Amy Farrington who is set to play Barker's wife, Ruth.


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I've been thinking a lot about tattoos lately. I think part of it is so many people in this city have them, so sometimes I feel like I'm in the minority without ink.
Pop reader Julie, aka ChinacatSun76, sent me a link to Contrariwise, a great blog that compiles literary tattoos.
"I found it while searching for some Edgar Allan Poe tattoo ideas for myself," she says. "It's pretty cool to see what books and songs people pick to get permanently imprinted on themselves."
Julie likes this Sylvia Plath tattoo (very cool and colorful), and I'm a fan of the simple semicolon. The site is also collecting Kurt Vonnegut-inspired "So it goes" tats. And check out the phrase from David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest on the right.
Do you have a literary tattoo? If you did ink words onto your body, what the heck would they be? I can't decide ... which is the main reason my skin remains untouched.
Whitney has been writing about pop culture for USA TODAY since 1999, when Pop Candy began as a weekly column. Her interests include music festivals, mustaches, Lost, comic books and Andy Warhol. She lives in New York City. More about Whitney | E-mail Whitney


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Order now to get it by: Sunday July 30 - Tuesday August 01
Get it on Saturday July 29th with expedited shipping.
Select the expedited delivery option after adding this item to your cart.
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Product ID: 428307
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The Bear cubs and Papa are candy-crazy this Easter! But Mama, with help from Papa, tells the cubs about Jesus'
resurrection and shows them that salvation is much sweeter than candy. Includes a colorful sticker set.


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Today's Lady News: Betty White Voted AP's Entertainer Of The Year
- Woot woot! Betty White has been voted Entertainer of the Year by the Associated Press. [NPR]
- Remember the bigoted DMV employee who sent a letter to transgender woman Amber Yust telling her she'd go to hell after trying to have her gender legally changed on her license? The employee has since resigned. Amber Yust (and I) thinks that employee should have been given a pink slip first. [Nerve]
- Forget about rappers who only rhyme about bitches and hoes: here are the top 10 least misogynistic lyrics of 2010! [The Grio]
- Duh: domestic terror attacks on abortion clinics don't do jack to lower the abortion rate. Are you listening, extremists? [Big Think]
- Watch Naomi Wolf (author of The Beauty Myth) and Jacyln Friedman (co-author of Yes Means Yes) debate the politicization of rape allegations against Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks. I'm on Team Jacyln here. [Democracy Now!]
- Scary fact I didn't know: women are the fastest growing group facing homelessness. [Christian Science Monitor]
- An Illinois county prosecutor's office announced it will not prosecute a sexual assault case in which St. Mary's College student Elizabeth Seeburg took her own life just weeks after reporting a sexual assault by a Notre Dame football player. According to the school's paper, it is "unlikely that Seeberg's statements would be admissible in court because of her death." However, the Seeberg family has not yet seen a transparent investigation take place with the accused. Details are leaking out, however, including the fact that a friend of the accused allegedly sent Lizzy a text before her death: "Don't do anything you would regret. Messing with notre dame football is a bad idea." [Jezebel]
- The University of Connecticut has named its first-ever female president. Susan Herbst is currently a professor of public policy at Georgia Tech. [Clutch Magazine]
- Does the reality TV show "Basketball Wives" portray black women in a negative light? [Black Voices]
- Good news, active girls: female students who bike or walk fare better on test scores. [Discover Magazine]
- Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has appointed a fourth woman to his cabinet. Farahnaz Torkestani became head of the National Youth Organization, thus making her one of the country's 12 vice presidents. [BBC]
- Speaking of abortion, Lord Nicholas Windsor, the Duke of Kent's son (i.e., a member of the royal family), has said it is worse than terrorism! [The Telegraph]
- Meet Val Shawcross, the Labour Party's deputy running mate for the 2012 London election. "I'm from a long generation of working women," Shawcross said. "Every generation of women in my family has worked – my granny had a pair of mill clogs – and they were all deaf by the time they were 50."[The Guardian]
- Nigel Cole, the director of "Made In Dagenham," asks why the field of film directing does not have more women in it. [Vancouver Sun]