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House: House of Representatives
Portfolio: Attorney-General
Commencement: On the twenty-eighth day after receiving Royal Assent.
The purpose of the Bill is to prohibit conduct including:
threats to cause physical harm to a person or group;
threats to destroy or damage property;
incitement of racial hatred; and
acts likely to offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate another person or group,
which is done because of the race, colour or national or ethnic origin of a person or a group.
International Law
Australia is a party to two international conventions which address the question of racial vilification. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination requires in article 4(a) that parties:
Shall declare an offence punishable by law all dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred, incitement to racial discrimination, as well as all acts of violence or incitement to such acts against any race or group of persons of another colour or ethnic origin, and also the provision of any assistance to racist activities, including the financing thereof...
In an earlier draft of the provision 'incitement to racial hatred' had been included, but this was later removed as the incitement of 'hatred' was considered to be something that a court could not objectively determine. One American commentator has noted that:
The United Nation's focus on incitement to racial discrimination instead of incitement to racial hatred saved the incitement provision from intolerably compromising free expression. 1
Australia ratified the Convention on 30 September 1975, but lodged a reservation to
Racial Hatred Bill 1994
article 4(a), stating that it was not at that time in a position to treat as offences all the matters covered by article 4(a), except to the extent that they were already covered by existing criminal law. It also stated that it is the intention of the Australian Government to 'seek from Parliament legislation specifically implementing the terms of Article 4(a)'.
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights also deals with racial vilification. It provides in paragraph 2 of article 20:
Any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law.
Australia ratified the Covenant on 13 August 1980, and lodged a reservation in relation to article 20, reserving its right not to introduce any further legislative provisions on these matters.
State legislation
In 1989, New South Wales was the first jurisdiction to pass a law dealing with racial vilification. The Anti-Discrimination (Racial Vilification) Amendment Act 1989 (NSW) amended the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW) by inserting ss. 20B-20D. Section 20C makes it a civil offence to 'incite hatred towards, serious contempt for, or severe ridicule of, a person or group... on the ground of the race of the person or members of the group' by a public act. 'Race' is defined to include 'colour, nationality, descent and ethnic, ethno-religious or national origin'. Exemptions exist for fair reports of public acts of vilification, communications which are the subject of absolute privilege, and public acts, done reasonably and in good faith, for academic, artistic, scientific or research purposes, or for other purposes in the public interest, including discussion or debate about and expositions of any act or matter.
Section 20D makes it a criminal offence to commit a public act which incites 'hatred towards, serious contempt for, or severe ridicule of' a person or group on the ground of race, by means which include threatening physical harm towards them or their property, or inciting others to threaten such harm. The maximum penalty for an individual is a fine of $5000 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both, and for a corporation there is a maximum fine of $10,000. A prosecution cannot be brought without the consent of the Attorney General.
Complaints about breaches of these provisions must be made to the Anti-Discrimination Board. The President of the Board must decide within 28 days of receiving the complaint whether a criminal offence under s. 20D may have been committed, and if so, refer it to the Attorney General. Although approximately three matters have been referred to the Attorney General, no prosecutions have been commenced because there was not sufficient evidence.
If a criminal offence has not been committed, the matter is dealt with by conciliation. If conciliation fails, the matter is referred to the Equal Opportunity Tribunal which can made a determination that the complaint is substantiated and:
order the respondent to pay compensation up to $40,000;
order the respondent to stop, or not repeat, any unlawful conduct;
order the respondent to perform any reasonable act to redress any loss or damage suffered by the respondent;
order the respondent to publish an apology or retraction; or
order the respondent to develop and implement a program or policy aimed at eliminating unlawful discrimination.
In 1991 the Australian Capital Territory included similar provisions in its Discrimination Act 1991. The main differences are that there is only a fine of $2000 for the criminal offence, rather than imprisonment, and the consent of the Attorney-General is not needed for prosecutions. There have been no criminal prosecutions under the legislation.
Criminal provisions prohibiting racist harassment and incitement to racial hatred were introduced into the Western Australian Criminal Code by the Criminal Code Amendment (Racist harassment and incitement to racial hatred) Act 1990 which commenced operation on 9 October 1990.
This legislation was not aimed generally at racial vilification. It was intended to stop a long and organised campaign of racist graffiti and publications which had developed during the 1980s. It prohibits the publication, distribution, or display, of material which is threatening or abusive, or the possession of such material for publication, distribution or display, where there is an intention to create, promote or increase hatred of any racial group by means of such use, or where there is an intention to harass a racial group by display of the material. It does not apply at all to speech or other means of expression. Penalties range from imprisonment for 6 months and fines of $2000 to imprisonment for 3 months and fines of $1000.
In Queensland, racial hatred legislation was introduced as part of the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991. Section 126 provides that a person must not incite unlawful discrimination or a contravention of the Act by advocating racial or religious hatred or hostility. The most important point to note is that the section refers specifically to 'religious hatred', unlike other legislation where people such as Jews or Muslims have to establish that discrimination against them is based on their 'ethnicity' rather than their religion.
The other important point is that it is confined to inciting 'unlawful discrimination' or a contravention of the Act. It does not prohibit words or actions which may incite hatred or hostility, but not discrimination. The penalty for an individual is a fine of $2100, and the penalty for a corporation is a fine of $10,200.
During the period of 1991-2 three reports were written which touched on the question of national racial vilification legislation.
The Australian Law Reform Commission, in its report Multiculturalism and the Law concluded that incitement to racist hatred and hostility should be made a civil offence, which is dealt with by conciliation. The Commission rejected making it a criminal offence, noting that this would unduly restrict freedom of speech. 2
Commissioner Elliott Johnston QC, in his Report of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, also recommended a civil offence, of the kind existing in New South Wales. He supported conciliation as a means of dealing with racial vilification, but rejected the use of criminal sanctions. 3
The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, in its Report of the National Inquiry into Racist Violence in Australia recommended the creation of a civil offence of 'incitement to racial hostility'. The Commission stressed that the threshold for prohibited conduct must be higher than 'expressions of mere ill will' or conduct which results in 'hurt feelings or injured sensibilities', as this can lead to a large number of trivial complaints, as had occurred in New Zealand.
The Commission rejected the view that 'incitement to racial hostility' should be a criminal offence. It concluded:
Incitement of racial hostility is not as serious as outright racist violence and intimidation. It need not, therefore, be subject to criminal laws and criminal penalties. It should be dealt with as a civil matter under the Racial Discrimination Act, with the same remedies (conciliation and compensation) as provided for racial discrimination. 4
It is often argued that these three reports are the basis for the Commonwealth's proposed legislation, however, the Racial Hatred Bill 1994 is in some aspects completely contrary to the recommendations of these three reports. All three reports recommended against criminal sanctions for incitement to racial hatred/hostility, but proposed s. 60 of the Racial Hatred Bill creates a criminal offence of incitement to racial hatred. In the case of civil offences, it was recommended that 'incitement to racial hatred or hostility', or 'racial vilification' or 'incitement to racial hostility' be the subject of the civil offence. All of these descriptions involve a high threshold of serious conduct. The Racial Hatred Bill, however, establishes a civil offence with the significantly lower threshold of conduct which 'offends, insults, humiliates or intimidates'. These words clearly include the 'hurt feelings', 'injured sensibilities' and 'ill will' which the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission warned should not be the basis for a civil complaint.
The 1992 Commonwealth Bill
The Racial Discrimination Amendment Bill 1992 was introduced into the House of Representatives on 16 December 1992. In order to facilitate public discussion on the Bill, it was left to lie in the Parliament over the summer recess. Before Parliament resumed, an election was called in early 1993 and the Bill lapsed.
The Bill set out two criminal offences. Sub-clause 59(1) provided that it was an offence for a person to do a public act intending to, and knowing that it is likely to, stir up hatred against a person or group on the ground of race, colour or national or ethnic origin. The penalty was imprisonment for 12 months.
Sub-clause 59(2) provided that it was an offence to do such an act with the intention of causing persons of a particular race, colour or national or ethnic origin to fear that violence may be used against them. The penalty was imprisonment for 2 years.
The Bill also set out a civil offence, which was to be inserted as s. 19B of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975. It provided that it was unlawful for a person, knowingly or recklessly, to do a public act that is likely to 'stir up hatred, serious contempt or severe ridicule against a person or a group' on the ground of race, colour, or national or ethnic origin.
After introducing the Bill, the Government undertook a series of public meetings around the country on the subject of the Bill. Meetings were held in late January and early February 1993 in Canberra, Sydney, Brisbane, Townsville, Darwin, Alice Springs, Adelaide, Launceston, Hobart, Melbourne, and Perth. The meetings were hosted by migrant or ethnic organisations in the relevant city.
Six hundred and forty-six submissions on the Bill were received from the public. Five hundred and sixty-three were opposed to the legislation, and only eighty-three were in favour of it. 5
In November 1994 the Government introduced its revised version of the Bill, which was intended to take account of prior public consultation. The provisions of the Racial Hatred Bill 1994 are discussed below.
Main Provisions
Criminal Offences - Threats
It is proposed that the Racial Hatred Bill amend the Crimes Act 1914 by inserting in it 'Part IVA - Offences Based on Racial Hatred'. This Part contains three criminal offences, two of which concern threats of violence. The third offence is discussed separately, below. Proposed s. 58 provides that it is an offence to threaten to cause physical harm to a person or group because of their race, colour, or national or ethnic origin. The penalty is imprisonment for 2 years.
Proposed s. 59 provides that it is an offence to threaten to destroy or damage property because of the race, colour or national or ethnic origin of any other person or group. The penalty is imprisonment for 1 year.
It is already an offence to threaten to cause injury to people or their property in the Australian States and Territories (although in some jurisdictions the laws are limited to specific types of threats). In many cases, the penalties are higher than the penalty provided in the Racial Hatred Bill 1994. Accordingly, if a person were to threaten to destroy or damage the property of another in New South Wales, s. 199 of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) provides that he or she would be liable for imprisonment for 5 years. If, however, the threat were motivated by racial hatred, and prosecution was commenced under this proposed amendment to the Commonwealth Crimes Act 1914, the person would only be liable to imprisonment for one year. This discrepancy between the penalties runs the risk of giving the impression that racially motivated crimes are treated less seriously than crimes motivated by other reasons.
A better way to express community repulsion at racially motivated crimes may be to add a premium onto existing penalties. This is the course that has been taken up in the United States. While the Supreme Court of the United States has struck down laws against inciting racial hatred because they are too uncertain or because they breach the First Amendment, it has recently upheld a law which increased a defendant's penalty when the victim was selected on the basis of race. 6 The problem with this approach is that it would have to be done by the States, as it is extremely doubtful that the Commonwealth would have the constitutional power to interfere with State sentencing laws.
The vast differences between the State and Commonwealth penalties on threatening violence against people or property leads to the question of how these laws interact. Proposed s. 61 provides that Part IVA is not intended to exclude or limit the concurrent operation of a State or Territory law, so the Commonwealth provisions do not have the effect of overriding the State laws. The question of double jeopardy is dealt with by s. 4C of the Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) which provides that where an act constitutes an offence under both a law of the Commonwealth and a law of a State (or Territory), and the offender has been punished for that offence under the law of the State or Territory, the offender shall not be liable to be punished under the Commonwealth law. It would appear that the States and Territories have similar laws concerning double jeopardy, or are covered by the common law on this issue. However, questions may still arise as to whether the Commonwealth should withdraw its prosecution if a State commences a prosecution, or vice versa, as s. 4C of the Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) only refers to offences for which a person has already been 'punished'.
Criminal offences - Incitement of racial hatred
The Racial Hatred Billproposes to amend the Crimes Act 1914 by inserting s. 60, which provides that it is a criminal offence to do an act which is reasonably likely to incite racial hatred.
This offence contains several qualifications. The first is that the act must be done 'otherwise than in private'. This phrase is partially defined in proposed sub-section 60(2) which notes that an act is not done in private if it is done in a public place, or within sight or hearing of people in a public place, or is communicated to the public through words, sounds or images. Accordingly, words painted on the wall of a private house which can be seen from the road could be the subject of an offence, but conversations within the house which cannot be heard from the street outside would not be an offence. It is less clear whether meetings of racist organisations would fall within the description of acts done 'otherwise than in private'. If the meeting were held on private property and attendance was restricted to members, with members of the public expressly excluded, then it is possible that the meeting would be considered to take place 'in private'. 'Public place' is defined in the Bill as including any place to which 'the public have access as of right or by invitation'. It would then be a question of determining whether the invited members of the organisation constitute 'the public', for the purposes of the legislation.
The offence does not require that there be actual incitement of racial hatred. There is no test of causation. Accordingly, a person may be convicted of the offence even if no person has been incited to hate on the basis of race.
There are, however, two tests of intention which must be met. The first test is a subjective test, which requires it to be established, according to the criminal standard of 'beyond reasonable doubt', that the defendant committed the impugned act 'with the intention of inciting racial hatred against another person or a group of people'. It must also be established that a substantial reason for doing the act was the race, colour, or national or ethnic origin of the person or group against whom it was intended to incite racial hatred.
The second test is an objective test. It must be proved that the act 'is reasonably likely, in all the circumstances, to incite racial hatred against the other person or group of people'.
The term 'racial hatred' is not defined in the Bill. One might assume that 'racial' was intended to cover 'colour or national or ethnic origin', but this is not made explicit by the Bill.
The tests of intention have caused some difficulty in countries such as the United Kingdom. One problem is that it often depends upon the people to whom the act is communicated (i.e. the audience of a speech or the readers of racist material). If the people at whom the act is directed are unlikely to be incited to hatred (such as members of Parliament and other public officials), or if the intention of the act is to get them to support a change in policy, then no matter how offensive the words, an offence will not have been committed.
For example, in R v Britton, 7 which was the very first prosecution for incitement to racial hatred in the United Kingdom, the defendant was a seventeen year old boy who had left a pamphlet objecting to black immigration on the door of the home of a Member of Parliament. He was convicted, but on appeal his conviction was quashed. The case turned on the meaning of 'distribution', but Lord Parker CJ also noted that it could not be said that the act was intended to stir up hatred, when it was in fact intended to persuade the Member of Parliament to change his policy and fight against further immigration.
It may also be the case that exceptionally offensive racial vilification is likely to cause reasonable people to feel sympathy for the victims of the insults or abuse. 8 In the case of R v Read 9 the defendants were prosecuted for a speech in which they referred to people as 'wogs', 'coons', 'niggers' and 'black bastards'. In their defence they argued that the speeches were so intemperate that they were likely to stir up sympathy for the abused groups, rather than hatred. They were acquitted by the jury.
In other cases, where the words in question are part of a speech delivered to a racist audience, it is difficult to establish that it would be likely to stir up racial hatred, when the racial hatred already existed. For example, when the leader of the British Nationalist Movement, John Read, was charged for responding to the death of an Asian man by saying 'one down, a million to go', the judge directed that there was no evidence that he intended to stir up hatred amongst an audience consisting of his supporters. 10
The meaning of hatred
As noted above in the Background, the international instruments which form the constitutional support for this Bill, avoided reference to 'incitement to racial hatred', on the basis that 'hatred' is too subjective a term for a court to assess. In the United States and Canada, concern has also been expressed that the term 'hatred' is too uncertain a standard to include in penal legislation.
For example, in State v Klapprott 11 the Supreme Court of New Jersey held that a statute that made it an offence to utter any statement inciting hatred, abuse, violence or hostility against a group by reason of race, colour, religion or manner of worship, was void for uncertainty, because the terms 'hatred', 'abuse' and 'hostility' are abstract and indefinite. Chief Justice Brogan concluded that it is not possible to say when ill will becomes hatred. He noted that there is no norm to say when such an emotion comes into being, and that it cannot be made a legitimate standard for a penal statute.
The Canadian Supreme Court, in R v Keegstra also discussed the meaning of 'hatred', in the context of incitement to racial hatred. Chief Justice Dickson considered that the term 'hatred' was a restriction on the application of the relevant legislation, because it 'connoted emotion of an intense and extreme nature that is clearly associated with vilification and detestation'. 12 Madam Justice McLachlin, however, on behalf of the minority comprising McLachlin, Sopinka and La Forest JJ, considered that the term 'hatred' was overbroad. She observed:
The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary defines "hatred" as: "The condition or state of relations in which one person hates another; the emotion of hate; active dislike, detestation; enmity, ill-will, malevolence." The wide range of diverse emotions which the word "hatred" is capable of denoting is evident from this definition. Those who defend its use in [the relevant section] emphasize one end of this range - hatred, they say, indicates the most powerful of virulent emotions lying beyond the bounds of human decency and limiting [the section] to extreme materials. Those who object to its use point to the other end of the range, insisting that "active dislike" is not an emotion for the promotion of which a person should be convicted as a criminal. To state the arguments is to make the case; "hatred" is a broad term capable of catching a wide variety of emotion. 13
Her Honour also observed that the subjectivity of the term presents further dangers, particularly when the speech was unpopular.
The meaning of 'race'
The Racial Hatred Bill refers generally to 'race, colour or national or ethnic origin'. As noted above, proposed s. 60 refers only to 'racial' hatred, without using these other terms, but paragraph 60(1)(b) further provides that the act which is intended, and reasonably likely, to incite 'racial' hatred must be done because of the 'race, colour or national or ethnic origin' of the person or group against whom the 'racial' hatred is directed.
The relationship between race or ethnicity and religion has caused problems in interpreting such legislation in other jurisdictions. The main difficulty is that while membership of a racial or ethnic group is inherited, membership of a religious group involves personal choice. A person of any race may convert to religions such as Judaism, Islam or Christianity, and there are many communities of these faiths which are of vastly different racial and ethnic origins. It is therefore difficult to categorise religious groups, such as Jews, Muslims or Christians as members of a 'race' or of the same ethnic origin. Nevertheless, it is clear that vilification of some groups, such as Jews and Muslims occurs due to a combination of religion and presumed ethnic origins. In the United Kingdom this problem has led to unfortunate legal distinctions being drawn between those religious groups that are covered by racial hatred legislation, and those not covered. It appears that Jews and Sikhs have succeeded in achieving recognition as belonging to a certain 'ethnic origin', 14 whereas Christians, Muslims 15 and Rastafarians 16 do not receive the same protection of the law.
The Explanatory Memorandum to the Racial Hatred Bill provides that 'it is intended that Australian courts' would follow the definition of 'ethnic origin' set out in the New Zealand case of King-Ansell v Police, and that this would 'provide the broadest basis for protection of peoples such as Sikhs, Jews and Muslims'. If the Parliament 'intends' this, it should state it in its legislation, rather than attempting to legislate by an Explanatory Memorandum, which is a Government document that is neither passed nor approved by the Parliament. While the courts may take into account the Explanatory Memorandum if there is an ambiguity in the legislation, it is surely the Parliament's role to pass legislation which is not deliberately ambiguous. The experience in the United Kingdom has shown that religious groups such as Muslims may fall outside the definition of 'ethnic origin', so that the use of this phrase cannot be certain. In New South Wales, the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 was amended in 1994 to insert reference to 'ethno-religious origin', in an effort to ensure that it covered groups such as Jews and Muslims. In Queensland, the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 specifically refers to 'religious' hatred.
The absence of exemptions
Proposed s. 60 does not contain any exemptions in favour of freedom of speech. Accordingly, even if the impugned act is the making of a statement or report which is true, either being a report of an historic event or a report of current events, the maker of the statement can still be sent to prison if the statement was reasonably likely to incite racial hatred and was intended to incite racial hatred.
This absence of exemptions must be of concern to some ethnic newspapers, where reports of atrocities committed in civil wars by one ethnic group against another, could be seen as reasonably likely to incite hatred against the ethnic group accused of committing the atrocities, and could be seen as intended to do so. This could lead to the writers of such articles being sent to prison, even though they are reporting the truth.
In the United Kingdom, further protection is given to freedom of speech by requiring that the words or behaviour be 'threatening, abusive or insulting', before action can be taken. This eliminates the prospect of a person being sent to prison for merely expressing ideas or facts in a temperate manner.
Civil offence - offending people on the basis of race
The Racial Hatred Bill 1994 proposes to amend the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 by inserting Part IIA, entitled 'Prohibition of Offensive Behaviour Based on Racial Hatred'. Contrary to its title, the Part does not make any reference to racial hatred. Proposed s. 18C provides that it is unlawful to do an act which is reasonably likely to 'offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate' another person or group, if one of the reasons for doing the act is their race, colour or national or ethnic origin.
As with the criminal offence in proposed s. 60, the act must be done 'otherwise than in private'. The definition of 'otherwise than in private', is the same, and is discussed in relation to proposed s. 60, above.
Proposed s. 18C does not contain a subjective test of intention. The person doing the act does not have to intend to offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate the other person. It is enough if one of the reasons for doing the act (and it need not be the dominant reason) is the 'race, colour or national or ethnic origin' of the other person or people.
The main test is the objective test that the act be 'reasonably likely, in all the circumstances, to offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate' another person or group. There is no requirement than any person actually be offended, insulted, humiliated or intimidated.
Proposed s. 18D sets out exemptions to the above provision. These exemptions cover things said or done reasonably and in good faith in relation to:
artistic works;
'genuine' academic, artistic or scientific purposes;
discussion or debate on a 'genuine' purpose in the public interest;
fair and accurate reports of any event or matter of public interest; and
fair comment, representing a genuinely held belief, on any event or matter of public interest.
Proposed s. 18E provides that an employer is liable for a breach of proposed s. 18C made by his or her employee, when it is done in connection with the employee's duties, unless the employer can establish that he or she 'took all reasonable steps to prevent the employee' from doing the act.
Section 22 of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 is proposed to be amended by the consequential amendments in the Racial Hatred Bill, to provide that a person aggrieved by an act which is unlawful under Part IIA may make a complaint to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. The complaint will be dealt with by means of conciliation by the Racial Discrimination Commissioner, but if conciliation fails, the complaint must be referred to the Commission for determination. The Commission may make a determination which dismisses the complaint or finds it substantiated. If it is found to be substantiated, s. 25Z provides that the Commission may:
declare that the respondent has engaged in unlawful conduct and that it should not be repeated or continue;
declare that the respondent must perform 'any reasonable act' to redress the loss or damage suffered by the complainant;
declare that the respondent should pay the complainant damages as compensation for any loss or damage suffered by the respondent; or
declare that the respondent should employ, re-employ, or promote the respondent.
Under the current arrangements (which are under constitutional challenge in the High Court) 17 the Commission's determination must be registered with the Federal Court, and will then have effect as if it were a court order, subject to any application for review by the Federal Court, within the review period.
In the 1992 Commonwealth Bill, the civil provision related to acts likely to 'stir up hatred, serious contempt or severe ridicule'. In contrast, the 1994 Bill merely refers to acts which are reasonably likely to 'offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate' a person. As noted in the Background, the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission expressly recommended against such a low threshold as would allow complaints for 'hurt feelings' and 'injured sensibilities'. The word 'offend' is defined in the Macquarie Dictionary as meaning 'to irritate in mind or feelings; cause resentful displeasure'.
The problem with using terms such as 'offend', 'insult' and 'humiliate' is that they are largely subjective in nature. The courts of the United Kingdom have had trouble interpreting the word 'insult' in relation to public order legislation. In Brutus v Cozens the Divisional Court of the Queen's Bench Division considered an insult to be 'behaviour which affronts other people and evidences a disrespect for their rights, behaviour which reasonable persons would foresee is likely to cause resentment or protest such as was aroused in this case'. 18 On appeal to the House of Lords, Lord Reid disagreed, observing that the word 'affront' is too vague, and that there can be disrespect without insult. He concluded that there can be no useful definition of 'insulting' but that 'an ordinary sensible man knows an insult when he sees or hears it'. In this case he disagreed with the Divisional Court (which obviously was not comprised of ordinary sensible men), and held that there was no insult involved in disrupting a Wimbledon tennis match to protest against apartheid. 19
The Explanatory Memorandum notes that the provision is analogous to the sexual harassment provisions of the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth). Section 28A of the Sex Discrimination Act, which was inserted in 1992, provides that if a person makes unwelcome sexual advances towards a person or engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature, in circumstances where a reasonable person would have anticipated that the person harassed would be 'offended, humiliated or intimidated', this constitutes sexual harassment for the purposes of the Act. Sexual harassment is only unlawful when committed in certain circumstances, such as in the work place or in educational institutions. It does not apply generally, as does the provision in the Racial Hatred Bill.
Secondly, it should be noted that the sexual harassment provisions do not relate to acts done because of a person's sex. They provide no redress for statements which vilify people on the basis of gender, or for statements which members of one gender find offensive. Sexual harassment relates to unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature. If men and women could bring complaints to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission on the basis that statements made in the media or elsewhere relating to the characteristics of members of one sex are offensive, then there would be a flood of complaints almost every day.
The Racial Hatred Bill 1994 and the Constitution
External Affairs Power
There are two aspects of the Constitution which are relevant to this Bill. The first is the extent to which there is a head of legislative power to enact the Bill. The second is the extent to which it may conflict with the constitutional implication of freedom of political speech.
The source of constitutional power for the Bill appears to be the external affairs power in s. 51(xxix) of the Constitution. The Bill is presumably, therefore, intended to partially implement article 4(a) of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ('CERD') and article 20(2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ('ICCPR'). As noted in the Background, reference to 'incitement to racial hatred' was specifically excluded from article 4(a) of the CERD. Article 20(2) of the ICCPR provides:
Any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law.
It appears from a strict reading of the words that the advocacy of 'racial hatred' should only be prohibited by law when it 'constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence'. While proposed ss. 58 and 59 are clearly covered by the reference to 'incitement to violence', it is not quite as clear that 'incitement to racial hatred', as prohibited by proposed s. 60, is covered by the reference to 'hostility'. 'Hatred' and 'hostility' do not appear to be treated by article 20 as having the same meaning (because if they did have the same meaning, the whole second part of the article would be redundant). Accordingly, if a court were to read article 20(2) of the ICCPR and article 4(a) of the CERD strictly, it is possible that they would not provide a source of legislative power for the enactment of proposed s. 60.
However, in interpreting international treaties the High Court has taken a much broader view of the obligations of Australia under international treaties, and it is unlikely that it would strike down proposed s. 60 on this basis.
The civil provisions in proposed s. 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act may be more vulnerable. There is no requirement in proposed s. 18C that the act include ideas based on racial superiority or hatred, or incite racial discrimination or violence, nor is there a requirement that it involve the advocacy of racial hatred or incite hostility. There appears to be quite a wide chasm between racial hatred and 'offending' a person by an act, where one of the reasons for the act was the race of a person.
In deciding whether proposed s. 18C is supported by the ICCPR or the CERD, the High Court would consider whether proposed s. 18C is 'appropriate and adapted' to the objects of the CERD and the ICCPR. The Court would also have to consider the other objectives of these treaties, such as freedom of expression. In the CERD, express mention is made in article 4 to the fact that parties implementing article 4(a) must pay 'due regard to the principles embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights' and the rights set out in article 5 of the CERD, both of which include the right to freedom of expression. In the ICCPR, article 19 sets out a right of freedom of expression.
Freedom of Political Speech
The question of how the constitutional implication of freedom of political discussion recognised in Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth 20 and Nationwide News v Wills 21 may impact upon proposed racial vilification legislation was discussed in PRS Issues Brief No. 2 of 1993. The most recent decisions of the High Court in Theophanous v Herald Weekly Times, Stephens v West Australian Newspapers, and Cunliffe v The Commonwealth 22 reinforce some aspects of the earlier cases, and give a clearer understanding of the breadth of 'political discussion', but do not substantially change the situation.
There are two substantial questions that must be addressed. The first is whether matters covered by the Racial Hatred Bill would fall within the category of freedom of political discussion and communication. If this is the case, the second question arises as to how the public interest in freedom of political discussion is balanced against other public interests in freedom from racial harassment, and whether the Bill achieves the appropriate balance.
On the first question, it would appear that a limited category of the statements covered by the Bill would fall within the area of freedom of political discussion. Examples would include statements asserting that members of certain races should be deported, or should not be allowed to migrate to Australia, and statements attacking the multicultural basis of our society. On the other hand, the abuse of people by reference to their race, colour or ethnic background (e.g. references to 'coons' or 'wogs') would not appear to amount to 'political discussion'. There would have to be an element of criticism of government policy or actions before it would meet this criteria.
In those cases where the impugned statements do fall within the category of political discussion, the next question to ask is whether the law directly curtails freedom of political discussion, or whether this effect is merely an incidental and remote consequence of the operation of a law upon some other subject matter. If it is merely an incidental and remote effect, it will not involve a significant curtailment of the freedom of political discussion, and therefore will be valid.
If, however, the law is directed at restricting freedom of speech, and in particular if it 'targets information or ideas or... prohibits or regulates the content of communications', it will require a 'compelling justification to sustain its validity'. 23
The Racial Hatred Bill 1994 is clearly directed at restricting certain forms of speech, and is targeted at the subject matter of the speech. It will, accordingly, require a 'compelling justification to sustain its validity'.
In order to justify such legislation, it would not only have to be shown that there is a compelling public interest in preventing acts or words which might incite racial hatred, but it would have to be shown that the law is proportionate to the public interest that it is intended to achieve. The law must therefore be reasonably and appropriately adapted to achieve that end, and it must curtail freedom of political discussion no more than is absolutely necessary to achieve that end. 24 If the public interest can be served by 'less drastic measures', then the law will be invalid. 25
Accordingly, if, after its enactment, the Racial Hatred Bill 1994 were to be challenged before the High Court, and if the Court accepted that the legislation curtails freedom of public discussion, then the Commonwealth would have to establish that the legislation is intended to achieve a 'compelling interest', and that the legislation is reasonably and appropriately adapted to this end. The exemptions provided under proposed s. 18D of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 will be important in establishing that the legislation does not go further than is absolutely necessary in restricting freedom of political discussion. The absence of any exemptions in relation to the criminal offence of inciting racial hatred under proposed s. 60 of the Crimes Act 1914 may be significant in this context.
The Commonwealth would also need to establish that the same end could not be achieved by other measures that would not curtail freedom of political discussion. This might be difficult to establish, as it is arguable that public education campaigns will have a far greater effect in changing public attitudes and preventing racial hatred than will criminal laws.
1. Korengold, M., 'Lessons in Confronting Racist Speech: Good Intentions, Bad Results, and Article 4(a) of the convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination' (1993) 77 Minnesota Law Review 719, 726.
2. Australian Law Reform Commission, Multiculturalism and the Law, Report No. 57, 1992: paragraph 7.47.
3. Johnston, E., National Report of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, Canberra: AGPS, 1991: Volume 4, pp. 74-5.
4. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Racist Violence, Canberra: AGPS, 1991: p. 300.
5. Attorney-General's Department, Media Evaluation, Racial Vilification Amendment Bill Public Consultations, 5 April 1993.
6. Wisconsin v Mitchell 113 S. Ct. 2194 (1993).
8. See for example the case of R v Jones and Cole, where this view appears to have been accepted by the jury: Human Rights Commission, Incitement to Racial Hatred: The International Experience, Occasional Paper No. 2, 1982: p. 35, f.n. 26.
9. The Times, 7 January 1978, referred to in Oyediran, J., 'The United Kingdom's Compliance with Article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination' in Coliver, S. (ed.), Striking a Balance, University of Essex, 1992: p. 247.
10. Bindman, G., 'Incitement to Racial Hatred in the United Kingdom: Have We Got the Law we Need?' in Coliver, S. (ed.), Striking a Balance, University of Essex, 1992: p. 261.
11. 127 NJL 395 (1941); 22 A 2d 877, 882.
14. Mandla v Dowell Lee [1983] 1 All ER 1062. See also King-Ansell v Police [1979] 2 NZLR 531 for recognition by the New Zealand Court of Appeal that Jewish people fall within the category of 'ethnic origin' in the New Zealand legislation.
15. Nyazi v Rymans Ltd, Unreported, 10 May 1988. See reference in Halsbury's Laws of England, 4th ed., Vol. 4(2), para. 153, f.n. 5.
16. Crown Suppliers (PSA) v Dawkins [1993] ICR 517.
17. Brandy v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, judgment reserved, 4 October 1994.
19. For further cases discussing the meaning of 'insulting' see: Bryan v Robinson [1960] 2 All ER 173; R v Ambrose (1973) 57 Cr App Rep 538.
22. (1994) 124 ALR 1, 80, and 120 respectively.
23. Cunliffe v The Commonwealth (1994) 124 ALR 120, per Mason CJ at 133.
24. Cunliffe v The Commonwealth (1994) 124 ALR 120, per Deane J. at 164.
25. Cunliffe v The Commonwealth (1992) 124 ALR 120, per Gaudron J. at 202.
A. Twomey (Ph. 06 277 2432)
Bills Digest Service 14 November 1994
Parliamentary Research Service
This Digest does not have any official legal status. Other sources should be consulted to determine the subsequent official status of the Bill.
Commonwealth of Australia 1994.
Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written consent of the Parliamentary Library, other than by Members of the Australian Parliament in the course of their official duties.
Published by the Department of the Parliamentary Library, 1994.


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TGB Episode 63: The Tales of the X-Men (Guest: Devindra Hardawar)
by Tim Buel
June 3, 2011
On this week's episode of The Golden Briefcase, Tim and Jeremy are joined by Devindra Hardawar of the /Filmcast to go over their latest Picks of the Week, the newest DVD & Blu-Ray releases, talk through the trailers for Jonathan Levine's 50/50 and the horror film Shark Night 3D, and much more! The main topic of the night was a discussion about the X-Men film saga, in honor of X-Men: First Class hitting theaters this weekend. The guys talk over the series as a whole and the various high and low points. They also talk about the future now that Matthew Vaughn's movie has opened a new chapter in the mythology!
The Golden Briefcase is also broadcast LIVE on Tuesday nights starting at 7:30PM (PST). You can listen in via our Ustream page or by visiting our own live page right here on FS. The podcast is just as fun to listen to live while it's being recorded, with plenty of special guests, so I suggest you tune in the next time it records!
Download #63 or Listen Now:
Our Guest:
Devindra Hardawar: @Devindra
Picks of the Week:
Jeremy: Marble Hornets (YouTube)
Devindra: Rebuild of Evangelion
Tim: Down Terrace
DVD/Blu-Rays Released:
Drive Angry
A Clockwork Orange (Anniversary Blu-Ray)
Segment Times:
Pick of the Week: 4:46
New Releases: 17:36
Trailer Watch: 50/50: 22:22
Trailer Watch: Shark Night 3D: 28:47
Main Topic: The X-Men Franchise: 35:20
The Golden Briefcase is:
Tim Buel: twitter.com/timbuel
Jeremy Kirk: twitter.com/jeremykkirk
Live Page:
Voicemail Line:
Any and all feedback, compliments, topic discussions, contest entries and yes, hate mail, can be sent directly to email@example.com. We would LOVE to hear from you! Thank you for listening to the show.
Follow Alex's main profile on :

subset: commoncrawl


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|Food Labeling; Gluten-Free Labeling of Foods; Public Meeting
|FDA Comment Number :
|Submitter :
|Ms. Dru Edrington
|Date & Time:
|09/12/2005 06:09:00
|Organization :
|Ms. Dru Edrington
|Category :
|Individual Consumer
|Issue Areas/Comments
| I would like to suggest that unless food has been produced in a strictly gluten free environment, with gluten free ingredients, that it should not be labeled as Gluten Free. I would like, however, for manufacturers to be able to state the percentage of gluten in a food item. Example: "This food has less than 10 ppm (parts per million) of gluten". Another example: "This food has less than 0.01% gluten content". We don't want to force providers of gluten free food out of business because they cannot produce a perfectly gluten free item; however we also need information on the label so that celiacs can make an informed choice.


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Looks like Lancelot @ Winter Park is no longer available on Rent.com which means this information is likely out of date.
Contact for details
LUXURY without the price!! Granite and Stainless!! LOW DEPOSIT!!!
Recently upgraded! Stainless appliances, granite countertops, designer fans and lighting! Ceramic tile in the kitchen and berber carpet throughout!! Vaulted ceilings and a great view of the pool!! Water is included in your rent!! Deposit is only $500!!!Dont miss out!! We can show you this property 7 days a week!! Call now for your appointment!
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I have already lost 3 stone after having my 4th and final child just over a year ago and i am still wanting to lose more but im thinking of a tummy tuck to get rid of my overhanging tummy. It would make it so much more easier for me to exercise without this constant floppy 'rubber ring' around me! As well as boost my confidence. I am 28, 5ft5 and currently 13stone. I have been sterilised so theres no worries of me putting my weight back on due to pregnancies. Would i be a candidate?
I Weigh 13 Stone and I Am 5ft5, Would It Be Possible for Me to Get a Tummy Tuck at my Current Weight?
Doctor Answers 6
Stable, healthy, sustainable weight is ideal prior to tummy tuck
Congratulations on your weight loss thus far, a feat which can be a real challenge after pregnancy. Generally a tummy tuck is safest and will yield the most satisfying long-term results after you achieve a stable, healthy, sustainable weight. But I have certainly found that some women are so troubled by the loose, overhanging skin + fat that they would rather proceed earlier. The relief certainly can improve your fitness and exercise efforts, but you will have to be prepared for re-accumulation of some loose skin if your weight continues to drop after your tummy tuck, and perhaps require a revision. A careful assessment by a Board-Certified Plastic Surgeon will help you with your strategy and long term goals.
Candidate for tummy tuck?
Thank you for the question. Based on the information you provided it seems to me you are a candidate for tummy tuck. The advice I give to my patients is when their weight is stable and close to ideal then they are a candidate for tummy tuck. Best wishes.
Tummy tuck candidacy?
According to my calculations you weigh about 184 pounds (13 stone). Your Body Mass Index (BMI) is 30.6, which puts you in a category where the risks of surgery are increased. If you can get your BMI below 30, it would reduce your risks. Your weight should also be stable for 6 months before surgery. I hope this helps, Dr. Aldo.
You might also like...
Weight Loss Before Tummy Tuck?
I ask patients to achieve (if at all possible) their long-term stable weight before undergoing any type of body contouring surgery. I generally do not ask patients to achieve a specific weight; rather I asked that they achieve a weight where they feel "comfortable" for the long-term. In other words, my hope is that patients do not experience significant weight fluctuation after undergoing the body contouringprocedure.
Achieving the patient's long-term stable weight will increase the safety of the procedure and decrease the chances that revisionary surgery will be necessary ( if he/she loses weight after having had the operation performed).
Obviously, every patient's situation is different and the weight at which they feel comfortable may differ significantly.
Occasionally, there are patients who reach a "plateau" and undergo tummy tuck surgery ( even though they are not at their long-term stable weight) to allow for an improved ability to exercise ( and continue on the weight loss journey).
I hope this helps.
Learn more: http://www.poustiplasticsurgery.com/Procedures/Procedure_tummyTuck.htm
Weight Loss Prior to Tummy Tuck
Weight loss prior to tummy tuck is always recommended. You should achieve a stable, healthy weight prior to surgery.
Tummy Tuck at my Current Weight?
If the amount of weight you anticipate losing is considerable--more than 25 pounds, you might risk needing another TT if you do one now.
The procedure will have fewer risks and provide a better outcome if you do this at a weight closer to 150, which would put you at a high end of normal body mass index of 25.
Keep up the good work! Thanks for your question, best wishes.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Saturday, September 20, 2008
Star Crossed Arrival
Posted by Shaun Radley at 8:24 AM 0 comments
Friday, September 19, 2008
Team Montanacyclocross.com
I added a link a couple weeks a go titled "Team Montanacyclocross.com"
Yes, the blog now has an affiliated cyclocross only team. The team website contains, short bios on team members, race results, and a race schedule. I am dedicated to helping riders reach their full potential. The team is comprised of riders who are full of potential or riders who can provide the guidance needed to get others to the next level. The team's mission is: A cyclocross specific team dedicated to fostering young talent, and promoting the sport of cyclocross. The first year the team will travel to primarily Montana Races, but hopefully in the next couple years we'll be able to send racers to bigger races.
The team will aslo be writing a blog containing race reports and short stories.
2008 Roster
Doug Shryock
Phil Grove
Toby Meirerbachtol
John Fiore - coach
Tom Sullivan
Bob Presta
Elliot Bassett - fitness director
Ben Horan
Joel Brown - equipment director
Matt Shryock
Bryce Daviess
Shaun Radley
Kyle Shannon
Josh Tack
Adam Jensen
Daniel Sullivan
Posted by Shaun Radley at 10:56 AM 0 comments
Thursday, September 18, 2008
Star Crossed Preview Ladies
For 2008 the women's field has beefed up. The defending champ Wendy Simms returns again coming after a good mountain bike season. Pictured above is Rachel Lloyd the technical master. Also racing is Portland killers Wendy Williams and Sue Butler. Another tough rider is Amy Dombroski. I'd say the winner if going to come from that group of five.
My pick is Rachel Lloyd. After her performance at nationals last year I'd call her the most underatted ladies crosser. After Lloyd, top five will be Simms, Dombroski, Butler and Williams.
My sleepers in this race are Washington native Tela Crane, and Bob's rider Jenni Gaertner. Also, look for Josie Jacque-Maynes to be riding with the leaders.
Should be a great race and good way for the ladies to kick off there season.
Posted by Shaun Radley at 1:44 PM 0 comments
Lars Boom likes American cyclocross
Cyclingnews.com interviewed World Champ Lars Boom:
American cyclo-cross continues to attract the top cyclo-cross talents in the world. However, Boom confirmed with Cyclingnews that he will only be competing in the Superprestige series, the World Cup series and the World Championships this season.
"I don't think I'll be racing in the USA this year," he said. "I've thought about it a lot. I've seen the American 'cross racing on TV, I bought all the DVD's with all the American races from the winter of 2006 and 2007 and it looks so good."
Posted by Shaun Radley at 8:53 AM 0 comments
Wednesday, September 17, 2008
Star Crossed Preview
This will be the best contested Star Crossed yet. It's always weird at the first race of the season, but there shouldn't be to many surprises. The big names include, the Wells' brothers, Cyclocrossworld's Powers and Johnson, Team Giant Graig and Decker, Team Kona Trebon, Wicks, Tonkin, and Sneddon, westside all stars Cameron, Skerrit, Woras, Stevenson, Swanson, Iddings, and Neyens. We've also got 06 champ Andy Jacque Maynes. I looked into any early season training and found a couple tips. My pick for Star Crossed is Trebon. He's got a teammate in Wicks who will make the final selection. Don't be surprised if Wicks goes for the W. Sometimes in the early season Trebon works for Wicks. It depends on who's feeling good. My top 5 is Trebon, Powers, Wicks, Craig, and Johnson. While he's my favorite crosser Timmy J is coming off the Tour of Missouri and probably hasn't put to much cross specific training in. Besides he never has a good early season, and the non technical course doesn't favor him. Trebon ends up being to powerful. Expect most of the top 15 to be covered by the pros listed above. If your looking for sleepers and up and comers here's a brief run-down for cross nerds like myself; Chris Parrish is one to watch, he's a WWU grad and seems to get better every year, he placed well at U23 nats last year and if he has a good race watch for him in the top 15. Bart Gillespie, yes the best working man cyclist will be there, the guy is a killer and don't be surprised to seem him riding comfortably with the front group. Other up and comers Kyle McGivalry, Ben Chaddock, two young guys with great cross specific skills, mostly just racing the local scenes but I wouldn't put a top 20 past either of them.
As for sleepers in the front group watch out for Russell Stevenson. This cagey veteran doesn't like losing in the Seattle area. Also, don't forget Carl Decker has won this race twice and knows the course well. The Vanilla boys always race well. If they get together in a group look for them to teach a lesson on team cross tactics. Last on my list is Steve Fischer. One of Rad Racing's finest has the potential to ride with the big boys.
So where will our only MT Crosser Doug finish? Ole Dale hates these predictions so Doug if your reading up to this point, STOP NOW.
Dale's got a big engine and a good start, two things you need to do well at Star Crossed. A stacked field and bad starting position work against the big Whitefish native. I think he'll ride into the top 35. :)
Stayed tuned for the ladies preview tomorrow.
Posted by Shaun Radley at 11:42 AM 2 comments
Monday, September 15, 2008
Cyclocross Series
Could the Northern Rockies Region get the participation for a big time cyclocross series? That's the question I've been pondering the past couple days. The Northwest has the Cross Crusade, http://www.crosscrusade.com/, the East has the MAC, http://www.midatlanticcross.info/home.htm, and it seems like big cross series' are all over the place.
I'm thinking Spokane area, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho. Races weekends in Spokane, Missoula, McCall, Boise, and Jackson.
I'll keep thinking.....
In the meantime check out this sweet photo of J Tack out by my house.
Posted by Shaun Radley at 1:58 PM 2 comments


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The Aeros helped raised $30,000 for the Oak Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis, a non-profit treatment facility located in Uniontown. Aeros players wore specially-made "Orange Out" t-shirts during batting practice Saturday that were auctioned off to help support MS awareness. At Sunday's game, the orange t-shirts were all over the stands, especially amid the large contingent from the Oak Clinic.
SPEED DEMON – Aeros second baseman Jose Ramirez(who shifted over to shortstop Sunday with Ronny Rodriguez getting a day off) recorded his Eastern League leading 17th stolen base after he led off the third inning with his second single of the game.
QUOTE OF THE DAY – "We keep preaching consistency," Aeros manager Edwin Rodriguez said. "The difference between minor leagues and the big leagues is consistency. If you get to Double-A, it's because you have the talent to ply in the big leagues. It's consistency that will either keep you out of there or get you there."
ROSTER MOVES – Before Sunday's game, the Aeros said goodbye to designated hitter Chun Chen, who was promoted to Triple-A Columbus. He was in the Clippers lineup thin the two-hole for his Triple-A debut as Columbus prepared to take on Scranton Wilkes-Barre.
Chen batted .328 in 38 games with 10 doubles, a triple, a team-leading six home runs and 29 RBI. He also had eight stolen bases in as many attempts.
"He's way due with his time to be in Triple-A," Aeros manager Rodriguez said. "He's a very good hitter, it's just a matter of finding a position for him…There's no question about his offense, he will hit anywhere - even in the big leagues."
The Aeros also received right-handed pitcher Brett Brach back from Columbus after a spot start, as he will rejoin the Aeros starting rotation…In addition, outfielder Bo Greenwell was sent down to high Class-A Carolina and outfielder Cedric Hunter joined the Aeros from Columbus to take Greenwell's place on the roster.
ELUSIVE WIN – For the fifth consecutive start, Aeros veteran right-hander Paolo Espino was denied his bid to earn a win that would make him the franchise's all-time winningest pitcher. Despite holding the SeaWolves to just a run on two hits before leaving the game with two on and no outs through five innings.
Espino's 23 career wins in an Akron uniform tie with the team's former right-hander Jamie Brown (1998-2000). This season, Espino has had tough luck in going 1-1 with seven no-decisions. Although the Aeros have held leads in each of his last six games, they have gone just 1-5 over that span.
STREAK ENDED – Aeros third baseman Giovanny Urshela said his team-high 12-game hitting streak come to an end with an 0-for-4 effort in the loss. Over the streak, Urshela hit .405 (17-for-42).
UP NEXT – The Aeros continue the homestand with a three-game series against the visiting Bowie Baysox. The Aeros are scheduled to send right-hander Toru Murata (1-2, 3.63 ERA) to the mound to face Baysox right-hander Tim Bascom (0-0, 2.08 ERA).


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A timely message of prevention for spiritual "heart failure". Continue reading
Posted in November 2011 …
Tragedy Or Destiny In Texas?
It's the worst nightmare any parent of a young Mormon missionary would have to face; learning your child who has dedicated two years of their lives away from home for church service will never return home. Last night, not just one, but two families received this devestating news. . . Continue reading


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More than 25 percent of consumers in the United States own and use logoed drinkware every single day. This data alone makes these products a powerful mechanism to promote your event, raise your brand awareness, and lift the ceiling on revenue earning potential for years to come. At ePromos, we believe in offering glassware and other products that stand up to repeated use, are simple to clean, and won't dull over time, giving your promotional efforts the longevity they deserve. Whether you're looking for shatterproof plastic or printed pint glasses, our selection offers a robust catalog that won't send you away in search of better options.
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Accounting Clerk...
Accounting Faculty...
Assembler I/II...
Administrative Assistant
Enlink Midstream, Marietta, Ohio
Looking for an organized, self-motivated problem solver to provide professional administrative support for day-to-day operations, primarily for the Pipeline and Brine groups. Must be able to follow procedures and adhere to strict deadlines.
• Provide administrative support for assigned areas: place orders, research information, etc.
• Code and process invoices for payment, and reconciliation of statements.
• Communication with vendors in regards to accounts and orders.
• Creation, Maintenance and tracking of Purchases Orders and AFEs for purchases.
• Completion of required monthly reports.
• Budget planning and spending tracking for assigned areas.
• New Vendor Set Up
• Answer phones and provide customer support as needed.
• Assist in the planning of company events and community service projects, and assist with the set-up and clean –up of these events.
Knowledge, Skills and Abilities:
• Associates Degree in Accounting or Business Management, or equivalent administrative experience (2 years) in oil and gas or similar industry
• Strong interpersonal skills with the ability to maintain a positive attitude and professional demeanor.
• Strong organizational skills
• Strong Computer skills: Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint, and PeopleSoft.
• Strong verbal and written communication skills
Administrative Professional...


text:
In the stock market, sometimes you get what you pay for. High-priced stocks like Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) have paid off nicely for investors in the last several years, and cheap financials like Bank of America (NYSE:BAC) remain volatile and risky plays … even if financials seem to have some spring in their step to start 2012.
But not all cheap stocks are ugly investments that have been rightfully beaten down. Some low-price shares are screaming bargains that are worth your cash.
The three companies listed here aren't penny stocks that trade on sentiment alone. They each have a market cap of over $2 billion and respectable trading volume that regularly tops 3 million shares daily. They can be risky, of course, but they aren't the all-out gambles like many low-priced microcaps touted by pump-and-dump artists.
Here are three low-priced stocks to consider:
In July of 2011, Wendy's (NASDAQ:WEN) completed the sale of its Arby's Restaurant Group to a wholly owned subsidiary. The move backed out some revenue, and restructuring costs have been a short-term drag. But the sale has allowed Wendy's to focus on its healthy chain and not get bogged down in the struggling Arby's brand.
Wendy's sales have continued to grow, allowing the quick-service restaurant to dethrone privately held Burger King from its status the No. 2 burger chain in the U.S. In 2011's third quarter, same-store sales increased 1.8% at Wendy's North America Co.-operated restaurants. The October launch of the Dave's Hot 'N Juicy burgers line has also allowed Wendy's to tap into the bigger margins that come with premium menu items instead of the race to the bottom on cheap eats.
Wendy's poses risks, of course. Food inflation is hurting the bottom line. And Wall Street is apparently already baking in growth, with an inflated price-earnings ratio of around 24 – compared with 19 for Yum! Brands (NYSE:YUM) and 17 for McDonald's (NYSE:MCD).
However, Wendy's has a lot to be enthusiastic about. The company estimates operating margins will rise from 7.3% to 9.1% in 2012. It's remodeling stores. It's updating its menu with healthy and fresh options like skin-on fries seasoned with sea salt. And it's taking advantage of Burger King's listlessness as private owners 3G Capital focus on cutting costs and streamlining operations instead of investing in growth.
To top it off, Wendy's is now run by Emil Brolick — who successfully rejuvenated Yum through international expansion. If Wendy's can squeeze out growth both at home and abroad, it will do well in 2012.


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With high water coursing down the Rocky Mountains, freshly married Nick Troutman of Jackson Kayak took home top overall honors at this year's Canoe and Kayak-sponsored Paddling Life Pro Invitational on Monday, May 25, capping off the weekend-long Yampa River Festival. Troutman, the world freestyle kayak bronze medalist, earned the title after looping to a first-place finish in the afternoon's freestyle event, barely edging out Stephen Wright and Corey Volt in the freestyle finals. Following Troutman in second place overall was world kayak freestyle silver medalist Andrew Holcombe of Dagger Kayaks, whose win in the raging Fish Creek race earlier in the day offset an eight-place finish in freestyle to earn him the runner-up spot. Two-time Paddling Life Invitational champion Stephen Wright settled for third place overall, with a second-place showing in freestyle and sixth-place finish in the creek race.
For the women, it was Australia's Tanya Faux soaring to her third overall title in a row, with wins in both the creek race and freestyle event, followed by Emily Jackson of Jackson Kayak in second, with a third-place finish in the creek race and second-pace showing in freestyle, and Kiwi Nikki Kelly in third, with a second-place showing in the creek race and sixth-place showing in freestyle. World freestyle kayak champion Ruth Gordon took fourth overall.
"All in all, it was a great event," says organizer Eugene Buchanan of the two-event competition drawing some of the world's beset kayakers to Steamboat Springs, Colo. and offering more than $3,500 in cash and prizes. "There are a lot of other events going on in Colorado right now, and it was great to see so many competitors come up between the Buena Vista event and next week's freestyle nationals in Glenwood Springs."
The Invitational tests both a downriver race and freestyle, with the best overall score combined from both events determining the champion. "It's great to have a one-day event that rewards both creek racing and freestyle," says Troutman.
Primary sponsors of this year's event include Steamboat in the Summertime, Kokatat, NRS, Dagger Kayaks and Canoe & Kayak magazine. The event also draws attention to Charlie's Hole downtown, which the City based its successful recreational in-channel diversion water right (RICD) filing on in 2004. "This is just one way to help showcase what a world-class feature the town has," adds Buchanan. "Plus, it's a great way to showcase and reward today's best all-around paddlers."


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Making a cool card for Mommy with your own hands.
easter christian card
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How To Make A Easter Jesus Has Risen Kid Hands Card Instructions
Easter Jesus Has Risen Kid Hands Card
Make Jesus Has Risen Easter Card With Your Hands :
Trace your child's hands and craft an Easter flower pot card using paper. Share the wonderful news that Jesus has risen on your Easter card too.
Easter celebrates blooming of flowers, rebirth and spreading the message that Jesus has risen. This card says it all for you and marks the size of your child's hands as a keepsake for Moms and Grandmas this Easter holiday. Find
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>> Easter Jesus Has Risen Kid Hands Card
Craft Supplies Needed
1. Blank white card
2. Construction paper
3. Pink foam paper
4. Kid hands
5. Edging scissors
6. Scissors
7. Glue
8. Ribbon
Instructions To Make A Easter Jesus Has Risen Kid Hands Card :
1. Cut out a piece of green paper the size of the front face of your Easter card to make.
2. Trace the hand of your child onto the green sheet. Place the hand where you want it to be on the card. Spread the fingers, but keep them in the dimensions of the paper. Cut it out.
3. Make a background for your card. Cut out a sheet of paper the same dimensions as the front face of your card. Use edging scissors to make the edges ornate. Glue it to the front of your card.
4. Glue the hands to the top corner of your card.
5. Make small have circles with multiple colors of paper. Cut spikes into the top to turn them into the tops of tulips.
6. Glue the tops of the flowers to the tips of the fingers.
7. Make a flower pot. Cut a box out of pink foam. Then cut a strip to paste across the top. Glue them onto the bottom of your hand.
8. Decorate the pot with a ribbon and bow. Cut a strip of ribbon and glue it to the rim of your Easter flower pot. Cut out another ribbon. Make it into a bow and glue it to the center of your flower pot.
9. Use blue glitter glue. Write J-E-S-U-S onto each tulip. Then write the phrase -- Has Risen -- into the palm of the hand.
10. Now you have the perfect Easter card for Grandma and Grandpa that the kids can make.
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Study Abroad Scholarships in Great Britain
Scholarship Opportunity: BUTEX International Scholarship Programme 2014.
As the University of Hertforshire is a member of BUTEX, students coming to UH will be eligible to apply for the BUTEX International Scholarship Programme 2014.
Deadline: 16th June 2014.
Award: £500
For more information please refer to the text below from BUTEX:
The Scholarship is open to all international undergraduate students whose period of study abroad is not funded by an ERASMUS grant. To be eligible to apply you must have been offered a study abroad or exchange place at a UK university or college which is BUTEX-affiliated. If you are not sure whether your host institution is BUTEX-affiliated, please see our website (www.butex.ac.uk). This round of applications is for students who have a study abroad placement commencing in either September 2014 or January 2015. Your place must be for a minimum of one semester. The value of each scholarship is £500 and will be paid to the winners once they have arrived and registered at their host university.
For further details of how to apply for this scholarship please link to www.butex.ac.uk


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Open Box (Blemished) Marshall M412 Guitar Speaker Cabinet
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Turn that MA Series head into a roaring Marshall half stack!
The Marshall MA412 guitar speaker cabinet was specially designed to complement the unmistakeable Marshall tone of the MA Series of affordable all-tube amp heads. Loaded with 4 - 12" Eminence AX-75 speakers and priced for the working musician.
4 - 12" Eminence AX-75 speakers
Nothing says rock and roll like a Marshall backline. Make it happen and put it in the cart!


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All three violated a team policy, and it was best described as the players not "meeting the responsibility" to participate.
All three freshmen weren't expected to have a great chance to contribute this season. Sharp, a 6-3 quarterback from Houston, Tex., is almost certainly destined for a redshirt year. Williams, a linebacker, and Lasley, a receiver, both, from Gardena Serra, were thought to have an outside chance to make the depth chart but it was unlikely.
The source indicated that all three will begin to participate in practice when the football team returns to Westwood August 18th.


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Asian soybean rust is a topic of great interest among Iowa soybean growers and agribusiness. The Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, the Iowa Soybean Association, and Iowa State University have formed the Iowa Soybean Rust Team and have developed a system in Iowa whereby soybean samples that are suspected of possibly being infected with soybean rust can be examined and passed through a sequence of trained personnel to offer Iowa soybean growers rapid and accurate identification of the disease. Trained agronomists are the best qualified to watch for symptoms and signs of rust on a daily basis throughout the growing season across the millions of acres of soybeans in Iowa. So, the Iowa Soybean Rust Team is recruiting individuals in Iowa to serve as "First Detectors" for soybean rust.
A Soybean Rust First Detector training session is being held on Tuesday, June 20, at the Field Extension Education Laboratory (FEEL), approximately 5 miles west of Ames. At this session, attendees will receive details about the statewide detection system and hear the industry and regulatory perspectives on Asian soybean rust as well as training on identifying soybean rust and distinguishing it from other commonly occurring soybean diseases. Three Certified Crop Adviser Continuing Education Units (CEUs) in the Pest Management category will be earned for participating in the training. Registration is $20 and can be paid by check or credit card at the door. Preregistration is not required for this program. Check-in on the day of the training begins at 8:30 a.m., and the program runs from 9 a.m. to noon. More information about the training session can be found at the Agribusiness Education Program Web site [1] or by calling (515) 432-9548.
This article originally appeared on page 128 of the IC-496(12) -- May 22, 2006 issue.


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Yes we have a famous battlefield to tour by car, bicycle, horseback, and even on foot but we boast a wealth of activities beyond those historic acres.
From historic inns to comfy campgrounds, boutique hotels and classic motels, find a range of options when you stay over.
From historic taverns to ethnic cuisine, farm-to-table dining to unique edibles, the tastes of Gettysburg are sure to please every palate.
Gettysburg and Adams County is the perfect four-seasons destination.
Let us suggest the best places to learn, taste, explore.
With adventures to suit every budget, Gettysburg and Adams County businesses offer plenty of packages to help visitors create their dream vacations.
6100 Old Hanover Road
Spring Grove, PA 17362
Uber is a ride share business that puts riders in contact with licensed drivers in order to move them throughout a geographical area via a software interface. The rider downloads the application, sets up their account, registers a credit card and away they go! When the passenger needs a ride they simply log onto the application and request a ride by pushing a button. It's really just that simple.


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(February 1995)
Neil Ruggles wrote: > On 2/21 Greg Woods wrote: > >First off, I don't think bribing list owners is the answer. > > You refer to "paying for the use of a mailing list" as a "bribe," > [...] Let's look at this another way. [...] I challenge the > entrepreneurs reading this list to think differently about > the lists they manage. Neil seems to have missed Greg's point: many (probably most) list managers are acting as public servants, not entrepreneurs. His analogy to magazine editors is poor; city workers who sweep streets seems much closer. It is as if Neil were suggesting street sweepers could be financed by advertisers paying them to scatter leaflets on the street, instead of sweeping them into the trash where they belong. I for one commend Greg on his use of the term bribe.... -- Sean Shapira email@example.com (206) 443-2028 Jazzie Systems


text: Hottest Women of 2012 (So Far) By Mike Gogel March 7, 2012 2:05 AM | GuySpeed.com Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Julian Wilde / CourtneyRobertson.com / Twitter If the Mayans are right, and this is the year the world ends, thankfully we'll have the hottest women of 2012 to stare at while we disappear into oblivion. At least we'll all die with smiles on our faces. Even though the year is still young, this list of the hottest women of 2012 is sure to please — from Playboy playmates to women from 'The Bachelor,' these ladies are sure to make any man, or Mayan, hope the world goes on until at least bathing suit season. Without further ado (the classy way of saying "stop yapping let's see some ladies") here is a list of the hottest women of 2012. [Click on each name to see even more photos] Heather Knox– Sweet Mother of Pearl! January's 'Playmate of the Month' started the year off with a bang (or two) and due to some desperate begging and bribery on our part, she actually talked to once and we tried our hardest not to drool. Twitpic / @MissFortKnox Ciara Price – News Flash! Playboy likes blondes! And Miss November 2011 managed to ride that train all the way through to become one of the hottest women of 2012. And we remember her when she was simply our crush of the day. We're so proud! Stewart Smith Photography Courtney Robertson – The bad girl from 'The Bachelor' is a sultry little minx who doesn't apologize for turning her new found fame into a spring board for her new career. As what you say? As one of the hottest women of 2012 and another one of our crushes of the day back in January. CourtneyRobertson.com Jessie Shannon – Making Playboy.com a permanent bookmark on laptops across the country, Jessie is quite the looker. Thankfully we have more pictures of her to look at as she was one of our Playboy Girl of the Week. Photo By Julian Wilde Lauren Elise – Lauren is a bit of a goofball, which is why we really like her. Her videos on Playboy.com are part playfulness, part glamorous, and almost all nekked…which we really like. Check out when she was our Cyber Girl of the Month. Playboy.com Briohny Smyth – If you're not a Yoga fan you will be after you see Briohny in action. Either that or you'll just be a fan of her videos and Briohny herself. We fell victim as she was our Crush of the Day. Briohny is the only woman on the hottest women of 2012 list that isn't a professional model, but she sure could be. Facebook / Yoga with Briohny Leah Francis – This sexy Brit has three things going for her (besides being one of the hottest women of 2012). Her quirky accent and well… the two "other" things. But that's not all, this former Babe of the Day hosts her own webcam show on her official site. Nuts Magazine Leola Bell – For the month of February, Playboy had a daunting task in choosing their "Playmate of the Month." They could either pick Leola Bell or they could get firebombed by our writers. Thankfully they chose wisely. Playboy.com Rainy Day Jordan – (Insert weather puns HERE.) The name may make you snicker but the pictures will make you happy. Very happy. Rainy wanted to just talk with us, so after we explained that we really didn't like her in "that way," she agreed to remain friends and do the interview anyway. Playboy.com Vanessa Bryant – Meet the only person in the world who can tame the Black Mamba. In fact, because of this fact alone we think she is deserving of an equally fitting nickname. Call our former Crush of the Day the 'Golden Mongoose.' Getty Images Did we miss anyone on our list of the hottest women of 2012? Leave a comment and let us know. Read Original: Hottest Women of 2012 (So Far) Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of ESPN1420 20 Great Things About The 2017 UL Softball Season: Alex Stewart Danny Farquhar Released By Rays All-Time NFL Players From Acadiana: Herman Arvie Former LSU Player Duke Riley Pulls An SUV – VIDEO Recommended for You ZergNet Best of the Web ZergNet


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The second episode of Heroes reveals the powers of lizards and more. In, "Lizards," we learn the about the powers of at least three of our new heroes and a few more interesting facts.
Last week, I complained about Hiro's story being predictable. And yes, just as I predicted (and probably everyone else) Hiro posed as Takezo to fulfill Takezo's destiny and win the heart of Yaeko and then talked Takezo into rescuing Yaeko's dad. But when Takezo got shot with arrows and then healed, things got interesting.
Is Takezo's real claim to fame, being the first "hero" with powers? Are all those who currently have powers in some way a descendant of Takezo? It's possible. He does seem kind of promiscuous. Or were there others even then who had powers? Did people with powers in those times just hide them? Are the "Dirty Dozen" (the group including Angela, Kaito, Linderman and Deveaux) just the first group to unite to use their powers?
When Takezo was shot, Hiro was very upset. But couldn't he just go back in time to save him? Or is he only allowed to change certain things? Makes you wonder if Hiro really changed history when he rescued the fake Takezo last week or if he was meant to take his place all along. Guess with time travel, you never really know. And not allowing Hiro to go back in time, let us find out about Takezo's power.
Back in modern time, we see the powers of two more heroes -- the twins Maya and Alejandro. Although, I'm not entirely sure I understand them. Apparently when Maya bleeds black from eyes (a la the black oil in X-Files), she kills everyone near her. But what triggers this? Is it when Maya's anxious or when she's separated from her brother? And what actually do these people die from? What is the cause of death?
On the other hand, Alejandro seems to be able to resurrect. It's not clear whether he can resurrect only Maya's victims (that's my guess) or anyone like Linderman. I thought it was a nice touch that their powers are kind of opposite. As the mother of boy/girl twins, my kids, while not complete opposites, often complement each other.
When the healer touched Maya she said that what Maya had in her was so dark it could kill the devil. Was that a little foreshadowing? Will Maya be the one to kill the "big bad" this season? By the way, no new clues on this big bad in this episode.
Meanwhile we learned a little more about Claire's powers. If she loses a toe, it grows back like a lizard's tail does. Personally, I'm too squeamish to watch a season of Claire mutilating herself. Besides, her questions about regeneration and her experiments have already gotten her noticed by the creepy West. Also, I don't think her car being stolen is a coincidence.
But Noah is too busy to notice with his own plans with Suresh to take down The Company progressing.
I honestly was all ready to rant and rave about Suresh being naive enough to have another hero use his power against him. Didn't he learn to be more suspicious after Sylar? But low and behold, it was me who got fooled when Suresh faked his amnesia, healed the Haitian and sent him to Noah. I'm glad they brought the Haitian back, I think there's still more to his story.
Still no clue, though, as to what the virus is, why it only affects some and why Suresh's blood is the cure.
Kaito is really dead and the encounter in the police station suggests that Angela isn't behind his murder and is really a target herself. Was that the same hitman that killed Kaito that went after her (obviously with a different power) or another one?
We did learn a few important tidbits. Angela was a big stock holder in Kaito's company. And the symbol we keep seeing is the logo for her husband's law firm. Let the theories begin.
I loved the scene where Angela tells Matt to get out of her head. He's going to have to be more careful about how he uses his powers.
I realize he hadn't met Angela before or Ando, but didn't he meet Hiro during the season finale? When Ando told him that Hiro was Kaito's son, Matt showed no recognition.
On the other hand, Peter still recollects nothing. Whatever happened to him, it doesn't seem to affect his powers. In fact, he's got a few more. I'm guessing the ability to get out of the ropes came from D.L. (who by the way is still missing in action), but where did the bolts of electricity out of his hands come from? Sylar?
Those Irish seem to be taking Peter's ability's in stride. I would have thought it would freak them out, but apparently they see it as an asset to their enterprises.
I'm looking forward to finding out more about Peter and getting him back to the rest of the heroes.
Well until next week, I'll leave you to mull over your theories.


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Two Indiana Department of Transportation construction projects are moving along in the Starke County area.
The Koontz Lake dam road project is nearing completion. Officials say the bridge deck has been poured and the road is expected to be open to traffic sometime in early July.
The Yellow River Bridge project on U.S. 35 in Knox is still in the beginning stages. Half of the bridge has been demolished and the beams should be set on the east side of the bridge in the next two weeks. The one lane restriction will remain in place until the completion of the project, which INDOT predicts will take place in November.


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Whether or not Pfizer's tactics to preserve Lipitor sales as it loses its patent protection succeed, they are a sobering reflection of the lack of success of big pharmaceutical companies in trying to replicate their past days of blockbuster glory.
Alan Rappeport's report on how Pfizer is heavily cutting the price of its anti-cholesterol drug to see off generic competition illustrates how important blockbuster drugs from the past remain to Big Pharma.
As Forbes noted in a long piece on Lipitor, this reflects the prolonged squeeze on pharma companies, which have been struggling to come up with new products to replace those now falling off the patent cliff – Lipitor being the prime example. Read more


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Stosur says thanks a million after doubles win
New York
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RISING Australian star Samantha Stosur took her yearly earnings past the million-dollar mark when she teamed with American veteran Lisa Raymond to snare the US Open women's doubles crown.
The tournament's sixth seeds each pocketed cheques for $US200,000 ($260,000) after Stosur overcame mid-match jitters to serve out a 6-2, 5-7, 6-3 victory over Russian Elena Dementieva and Italian Flavia Pennetta.
It was the second grand slam title of Stosur's blossoming career after the 21-year-old combined with fellow Queenslander Scott Draper to win the Australian Open in January.
And the biggest payday of her life lifted Stosur's 2005 earnings to $US761,900 $A1 million.
Stosur and Raymond looked like they'd blown their big chance after letting a 4-0 lead slip in the second set and then squandering three match points, with Dementieva serving at 4-5.
"I think everyone that was watching probably knew that I got a bit nervous and tight and started missing some balls," Stosur said.
"It was just good that even though we lost the set, I calmed down and kind of pulled myself back together."
It was a volley winner from Stosur that earned the pair their second consecutive title together, after they captured their first last month in New Haven, Connecticut.
They have now won 10 straight matches, including impressive victories over top seeds Cara Black and Liezel Huber in the Open quarter-finals and then third seeds Conchita Martinez and Virginia Ruano Pascual in the semis.
Stosur and Raymond plan to continue their partnership and the Australian hopes success in doubles will spark a return to some singles form.
After a spectacular start to the year, in which she reached back-to-back finals on the Gold Coast and Sydney, Stosur has won only seven of her past 24 matches on the WTA Tour, including a disappointing first-round loss at Flushing Meadows to Chinese qualifier Tian Tian Sun.
Stosur's sole win from the four majors this season came at the French Open and she will slip further outside the top 50 from a career-high 44th in the world in February when the new rankings are released this week.
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Great looking high-spec colour-coordinated chain. Your best bike will thank you, your wallet not so much
A thorough explanation of why Alpe d'Huez can now claim to be the best known climb in cycling
If the child's legs are long enough, the Islabikes Luath (Small) is an excellent first step to 700C wheels
A simple and cheap way to reduce frame rub from cables and hoses
A stylish and comfortable pair of capri shorts, if the cut suits your body shape
Good value indoor trainer that's ideal as a first buy, or as a second trainer for races
Strong features and high build quality make this a very good jersey for the UK summer
A great value – if noisy – set of carbon clinchers for racing and fast flat riding
Fantastic bad weather protection and great for racing and time trialling, but lack breathability for longer rides
A nice enough cyclo-cross bike with good handling but heavy and overgeared
Inexpensive waterproof caddy for tools and similar nick nacks, although DIY versions cost almost nothing
A smart mount for a smartphone. Simple to install and easy to use
An aero road helmet with very good ventilation and a low weight; in use it feels almost like a standard, non-aero lid
Shimano's excellent STePS system and Di2 gears complete a really well-considered city bike
Versatile and long-lived workshop staple with scope beyond cycling
A slick looking and well built kid's steed that's ultimately let down by a hefty price tag
Warm for its weight and versatile. Good value for money for a sleeping bag for three-season adventures
Easy to mix with a pleasant taste and does seem to boost performance. The downside would be the ongoing cost
Warm and comfortable jersey at a cracking price
Expensive looking and feeling bar tape, just take care when fitting it


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PUPILS at a Basingstoke school have been getting an insight into product design.
Fourteen Year 10 pupils from Brighton Hill School visited Peter Symonds College in Winchester, where they worked with sixth formers to find out about the subject at A Level.
The pupils also worked with the students to gain suggestions for their own portfolios, designs, modifications and testing methods.
Joe Johnstone, product design teacher and head of faculty at Brighton Hill, said: "It was fantastic to see all of our students so engaged."
Mel Johnstone, product design teacher at Peter Symonds, added: "Both groups of students have gained a great deal from this encounter."


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Boulder Veterinary Hospital is a full service small animal hospital providing excellence in care for the canine and feline members of your families. Our goal is to provide you with excellent, compassionate veterinary care in a professional yet comfortable environment. Our veterinarians and staff understand the special role your pet plays in your family and are dedicated to becoming your partner in your pet's health care.
For those of you who are established clients, thank you for your continued support. For those of you that are new clients, we are very pleased to have you with us.
Our entire veterinary healthcare team is committed to providing personal attention to the unique concerns of each individual pet owner. Our veterinary services and facilities are designed to assist in routine preventive care for young, healthy pets; early detection and treatment of disease as your pet ages; and complete medical and surgical care as ecessary during his or her lifetime. Boulder Veterinary Hospital has been in business for over 70 years helping animals in Boulder, Longmont, Louisville, Lafayette, and Niwot.
At this site, you will find information about our veterinary practice philosophy, our veterinary services, our wonderful vets, and helpful forms to assist you. An extensive Pet Medical Library is available for you to search for additional veterinary care information.


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Why New Holland
Original Parts make all the difference! New Holland Original Parts are the only parts that fully meet the quality requirements essential for the cost-effective operation of your New Holland machine. This is because the engineers who design those parts and supervise their production are the same people who are responsible for developing our products. So they know exactly what's right for your machine.
New Holland parts are built for durability and reliability, and are backed by warranty, guaranteeing peace of mind.