text:
Lab Section:
Textbook reading:
Cell cycle- Fig. 12.4
Mitosis- Fig. 12.5
Meiosis- Fig. 13.6
There are many different cell types in your body or in that of a plant and they all have many things in common. One of theses things is that at some time in their development they had to replicate. Cellular replication (the cell cycle) results in the production of new cells which are either identical to that of the original cell or genetically different from the original cell. The growth phase of the cell cycle is called interphase. DNA replicates itself during interphase and thus is critical to the formation of two daughter nuclei. The process of replication which results in identical offspring is called mitosis, while variation in the offspring results from meiosis. The basic features of mitosis and meiosis are discussed in your text book. Read through the processes before you start this lab and make sure you are familiar with the different phases of mitosis and meiosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) before you begin the lab. In this lab you will use diagrams and models to become familiar with each stage in the cell cycle and view slides of plant and animal cells in each phase of the cell cycle.
Somatic cells divide by a process called mitosis. Mitosis has four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Using the chromosome kits provided, centrioles (pennies), and nuclear membranes (thread), go through each phase as described below.
Prophase : Chromosomes are visible within the nuclear membrane. Each contains two sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Near the nucleus are two bundles called centrioles, which at the beginning of the division phase of the cell, start to separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. As the centrioles move apart, spindle fibers (composed of microtubules) form between them. The nuclear membrane begins to break down (remove the thread).
Metaphase: Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes at their centromeres and move the chromosomes to the equator of the cell.
Anaphase: The two sister chromatids separate (separate the chromatids) one being dragged by the spindle fibers in the direction of one centriole, the other in the opposite direction to the other centriole. Now each sister chromatid represents a single chromosome.
Telophase: When the chromosomes reach the centrioles, the spindle fibers break down and the chromosomes return to their thread-like form. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes (replace the string) leaving the centriole outside. Now each nucleus contains a set of chromosomes which are identical in number and composition to that of the parent cell. The cytoplasm is divided between the two nuclei resulting in two identical cells, each containing identical chromosomes and enough cytoplasm to start the growth and reproduction cycle again.
Without looking at the procedure notes, work in pairs and explain to each other the process of mitotic division. Write down as many things as you can remember about each stage of mitosis.
Anaphase _______________________________________________________________
Mitosis results in two genetically identical nuclei. What does this mean in terms of the amount and type of DNA in each cell? ___The amount and type of DNA in each cell is identical._____________________________________________________________________
The word clone means geneticaly identical. Are cells that result from mitosis clones?
Identical twins occur because within the first few divisions of the zygote, the new cells separate - are the twins clones? _____yes___________________________________________________________________
On the bench are prepared slides of whitefish blastula cells (blastula is an early stage of embryo development). See if you can identify cells in interphase as well as the different stages of mitosis. How many of each stage can you find in one view at 400x magnification? Count the number of cells in each phase and write that number in the table. Repeat this two more times, be sure to shift the field of view each time, and find the average number of cells in each phase.
total # counted
view 1
view 2
view 3
average #
If the process of replication occurred in a 24 hour period, what percentage of time would each phase take up of that 24 hour period? Draw a pie chart to illustrate your data.
Figure 1 ________________________________________________________
Now take a root tip slide and view the stages of mitosis in these slides. Repeat the identification of each stage and place your counts in the table below.
total # counted
view 1
view 2
view 3
average #
Table 2 ________________________________________________________
If the process of replication occurred in a 24 hour period, what percentage of time would each phase take up of that 24 hour period? Draw a pie chart to illustrate your data.
Figure 2 ________________________________________________________
Are there any differences in the time for each stage between the animal and plant cells? List some of the major differences between the process of mitosis in plant and animal cells.
________animal cells lack a cell wall; plant cells divide by a cell plate; most plant cells lack centrioles.
Meiotic division occurs to produce sex cells or gametes (at least in animals), which contain only one set of chromosomes, half the amount of DNA, found in diploid somatic cells. Gametes are thus considered to be haploid (one set of chromosomes). Meiosis is the first step in sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction also results in variation in the genotype of the offspring because during the formation of gametic cells a process called crossing over occurs. At interphase each cell contains pairs of homologous chromosomes, one from each parent. During interphase each chromosome replicates in a manner similar to that of mitosis.
Meiosis has two distinct stages meiosis; I and meiosis II.
Meiosis I
Prophase I: For this simulation you need two pairs of chromosomes, each with two sister chromatids connected at the centromeres. One set of sister chromatids will be red and the other yellow. To demonstrate crossing over, put the yellow set of sister chromatids close to the red set. Remove four beads from one of each of the yellow and red chromatids and exchange them. You now have one yellow pair of sister chromatids with a red section on the end of one chromatid and a red pair of chromatids with a yellow part attached.
Each centriole should start to move to the poles and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
Metaphase I: The homologous chromosomes move to the equator of the cell.
Anaphase I: Separate the homologous chromosomes (each contains sister chromatids) toward the centrioles. Important- do not separate the sister chromatids, only the pairs of homologous chromosomes.
Telophase I: Pile each chromosome near its centriole and place a second centriole near the first. Nuclear membrane forms and cytoplasmic division occurs to produce two cells. By the end of telophase I, the daughter nuclei are haploid and genetically different from the original nucleus.
Meiosis II
Each student in the pair should take one of the new somatic cells generated in the last part of the exercise and proceed. The phases of meiosis II are virtually identical to the process of mitosis.
Interphase II/Interkinesis: Similar to normal interphase, except DNA synthesis does not take place.
Prophase II: Centrioles migrate to the poles. Nuclear membrane breaks down.
Metaphase II: Bring the chromosomes to the equator of the cell.
Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate and move to poles.
Telophase II: Pile each of the chromosomes close to the centriole and replace nuclear membrane. Cytoplasmic division occurs resulting in a total of four nuclei.
Repeat this process until you are completely familiar with it.
Without looking at the procedure notes, repeat meiotic division and write down two things about each stage of meiosis.
Interphase I _____________________________________________________________
Prophase I ______________________________________________________________
Metaphase I _____________________________________________________________
Anaphase I _____________________________________________________________
Telophase I _____________________________________________________________
Interphase II (Interkinesis) ___________________________________________________________
Prophase II _____________________________________________________________
Metaphase II ____________________________________________________________
Anaphase II _____________________________________________________________
Telophase II _____________________________________________________________
Which part of meiosis is identical to mitosis? ___________________________________
In animals, meiosis occurs in ovarys and testis and directly produces gametes (sperm and egg cells). In plants, however, meiosis occurs in flowers. Microspores are formed by meiosis within anthers. Microspores eventually develop into pollen which will eventually form sperm cells. Megaspores are formed by meiosis within ovules. Megaspores eventually develop into embryo sacs which eventually form an egg cell. You will learn more about plant reproduction in future labs.
Observe a prepared slide of a cross section through an ovary. Sketch what you see in the space below.
Can you identify the large nucleus within the egg cell? The various stages of meiosis are very difficult to distinguish (especially when you only observe one section). If the slide was of a human ovary, how many chromosomes would be present in the egg cell? How about the surrounding cells?
__23 chromosomes in the egg cell and 46 chromosomes in the surrounding cells.___________________________________________________________________ __
Observe a prepared slide of testis. Again, it is very difficult to distinguish the various stages of meiosis. Sketch what you see in the space below. Using Fig. 46.12in your textbook as a guide, label a cell that is diploid, one that has completed meiosis I, and one that has completed meiosis II (give it your best shot).
Observe the prepared slides which show various stages of meiosis in plants. These slides are sections through anthers (Fig. 38.4, left panel). Pollen grains, which are formed in anthers, are the "male" structures formed by meiosis in plants. Embryo sacs (which contain egg cells) are the "female" structures formed by meiosis in plants. We'll just focus on meiosis in anthers as our demonstration.
Observe and sketch the following stages:
microsporocytes- these cells are diploid and capable of undergoing meiosis.
dyads- two cells; the end result of meiosis I.
tetrads- four cells; the end result of meiosis II.
mature pollen- haploid structures that are shed from plants.
At which of the above stages are haploid nuclei first formed?
At which of the above stages is genetic variation first evident?
_____dyads (after meiosis I)
Within a tetrad of pollen, are the cells genetically identical? How about among the tetrads within the anther?
______no, no
Another very important phenomenon of meiosis is independent assortment of chromosomes. This topic will be covered in lecture, but you should realize that it, along with crossing over, provides tremendous genetic variation in gametes.
Use the computer lab in room 121 to complete this assignment.
Do NOT put headphones on until the CD has started. Volume can be controlled by the two small buttons on the right of the computer.
Double click the "Cell Biology I" icon.
Double click the "Power CD" icon.
The program will begin to run by itself. Once started, click and hold down on "Contents", choose "Feature Presentations", then doube click #12 (Meiosis: 09:10 - 13:42).
This meiosis part of the CD should lasts approximately 15 minutes.
Answer the questions provided as the program progresses and turn in to your TA as part of your assignment this week.
NOTE: If the program goes a little too fast, you can click on the middle button on the lower left of the screen (the one with two vertical lines). This will stop the program until you click the button again.
1. At what phase of meiosis does exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes take place?
Meiosis I
2. Do crossovers occur at a specific region or can they occur anywhere along the length of a chromosome?
3. What is the first visible sign that a crossover event has taken place?
Chiasmata- site of crossing over.
4. Do sister chromatids separate during anaphase I of meiosis?
5. Are the two daughter nuclei that result from meiosis I haploid or diploid?
6. Are chromosomes replicated during the interphase between meiosis I and meiosis II?
7. If crossovers did not occur, how many genotypes (per chromosome) would result from meiosis?
8. In what two ways does meiosis introduce genetic variation into a population?
Independent assortment of chromosomes
Crossing over
9 & 10. List two main differences between mitosis & meiosis.
Any 2 is fine.


text:
Shakespeare Electronic Conference, Vol. 4, No. 909. Tuesday, 7 December 1993.
Date: Tuesday, 07 Dec 1993 09:34:34 -0800
Subject: Q: Jessica
I have been thinking about Jessica, daughter to Shylock. A minor character,
perhaps, among Shakespeare's women, but a capable troublemaker nevertheless.
The questions are endless. What was her life like in her father's house?
Where was her mother? Why does she betray her father's trust? Does she find
what she's looking for with Lorenzo? And so on.
I don't believe Jessica has been discussed on Shaksper. I would be
interested in hearing from people who have played her, directed her, studied
her, or can point me in the direction of those who have.
Mille grazie,

subset: commoncrawl


text:
MCKEE-L ArchivesArchiver > MCKEE > 2005-05 > 1115821545
Subject: Re: [McKEE] Robert James Mckee b. 1836 Ny
Date: Wed, 11 May 2005 10:25:45 -0400 (EDT)
References: <email@example.com>
In-Reply-To: <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Do you know if that is Ireland or Northern Ireland, as many McKee came
from Northern Ireland. (after emigrating from Scotland years and years
earlier.) My McKee's come from Bangor, County Down, N Ireland, and now I
have found some in Belfast.
> My Mckee family is said to have came from Ireland
> about about 1837.
> Robert's father is thought to be Alexander Mckee b.
> about 1813 Ireland. Still searching for him. He was a
> clothier in NYC. Robert was a tailor, his sister Mary
> was a dressmaker. In 1870 Mary was listed with Robert
> and his family in Essex Co, NJ census
> Robert James Mckee b. 1836 Ny. died 1920 Sedgwick Co.,
> Ks. he was married to Cordelia Jane Noyes . They moved
> to Hancock Co., Ill. about 1871, They are listed in
> the 1880 census.
> They were in Wichita, Ks by 1888. They had eight
> children. They both died in Ks.
> Does anyone connect to this line or have info on
> Alexander Mckee?
> Thanks
> Lynn
> __________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
> http://mail.yahoo.com
> ==============================
> Search the US Census Collection. Over 140 million records added in the
> last 12 months. Largest online collection in the world. Learn more:
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We're Here to Help
Call or email us to get in touch to make an appointment for a visit.
Some issues can be handled by email or over the phone. Other situations are best handled live and in person.
I don't maintain an office. Have you noticed how busy, depressed and harried your medical providers seem lately? That's because insurance companies have slashed their reimbursements over the last few years. Maintaining all that overhead ... while being paid half of what they used to be paid ... is financially unsustainable, at least if one wants to provide quality care and enjoy one's work. I prefer to come to you if you're in the greater Los Angeles area.
My standard housecall rates vary from $80 to $140 depending on where you're located, when you're available, and how much time I spend. I accept a limited number of sliding-scale patients when circumstances make that necessary; I feel strongly that everyone should have access to the care they need.
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It was last December when Hayden's body finally gave out.
Eight years old and 42 pounds, Hayden had been having health problems his entire life, but doctors and nurses chalked it up to severe asthma and allergies.
As Hayden was rushed to the emergency room at McLane Children's Hospital Scott & White in Temple, doctors turned to his father, Eric Korsmos, and asked if his son had ever been tested for cystic fibrosis.
"He was really at the point of dying and had stopped producing red and white blood cells, so they tested for CF, and it came back positive," Korsmos said.
Cystic fibrosis is a rare genetic disease that attacks the digestive and respiratory systems. The disease often causes sufferers to have trouble breathing, a suppressed immune system and other health problems, and it is difficult to treat.
"After we got the diagnosis, my wife and I started researching. We found (Kalydeco, a new medication)," he said.
Kalydeco only treats one of the 1,400 genetic variations of CF, so doctors told the Korsmos that the probability of Hayden having the specific genetic variation it treated was like winning the lottery, twice.
"It was New Year's morning when we got the call that he had the gene, and we put him on the medication immediately," he said.
Seventeen months later, Hayden has gained nearly twice his original weight, recovered the use of a third of his lungs and repaired some of the damage the disease did to his internal organs. He also has the active and energetic disposition of a child his age.
Hayden, along with several other children suffering from CF, will speak about their experiences with the disease at the Great Strides walk Saturday, which is hosted by the Central Texas Chapter of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.
Registration begins at 9 a.m. with the walk at 10 a.m. at Harker Heights Community Park.
The event is free to the public, and proceeds raised by walking team members, sponsors and other donors will benefit the foundation, which raises money to find a cure for the disease.
At first, Korsmos and his wife were hesitant to talk about their experiences because Hayden does not have to do as many lung treatments and take as many medications as others with CF.
But, Korsmos said, he wants to get Hayden's story out there because people need to know research can help, and there is a cure, or several, out there somewhere.


text:
From: "Junior Gillespie" <junior dot gillespie at gmail dot com>
> Anyone know if its possible to simulate a T1/PRI ISDN with basic
> software and hardware? I'm needing to test some equipment, and have
> looked at my test equipment options, but can't justify purchasing the
> equipment for testing a few items.
It depends on what you need to simulate, and what you have on hand. A T1 is
just a 1.5mb serial connection, and you can hook up 2 T1 ports without
DSU/CSUs and have a T1. Give more detail.


text:
The Bank of England may have decided to hold interest rates at 0.5%, but mortgage rates are moving and there are signs that life is getting easier for first-time buyers.
Major high-street lenders have once again begun to offer mortgages to those who do not have huge deposits. "We're seeing some of the bigger players coming back to the first-time buyer market now, when previously it was only small building societies," said Andrew Hagger of Moneynet.co.uk.
However, Ray Boulger of mortgage brokers John Charcol said the climate is as benign as it might get for first-time buyers: "The recent improvement in rates at 90% loan-to-value (LTV) won't last. The lenders are seeing pressure on margins so the small window that has recently opened up for first-time buyers, where they have the best deals that have been around for quite some time, will probably only last for few more months."
According to data from Moneyfacts, there are 84 mortgages at 90% LTV on the market at present with an average rate across all mortgages of 4.97%. This compares with an average rate of 5.30% six months ago (May 2011), 5.26% in November 2010 and 5.43% in November 2009.
Building societies including Skipton, Melton Mowbray and Cambridge all offer 95% mortgages, with rates generally 5.5%-6%; HSBC, Nationwide, and Woolwich have all begun increasing loan-to-values.
However, Hagger warned that even the entrance of the bigger lenders might not provide the lifeline needed by some would-be homebuyers:
"Lenders are still going through mortgage applications with a fine-tooth comb so if borrowers have a patchy credit history, it doesn't matter if there are two mortgages at 90% LTV on the market or 200."
In October, HSBC launched a range of fee-free mortgages with a maximum LTV of 90%, including a two-year fixed-rate loan at 4.49%, a five-year fix at 4.89%, and a lifetime tracker at 4.09% above bank base rate. For those with a 15% deposit there is a two-year fix at 4.29%, a five-year fix at 4.69% and a lifetime tracker at 3.49% above base.
Nationwide Building Society has also extended its range of 90% LTV mortgages, which were previously only available to existing customers and homebuyers who use the group's FlexAccount as their main current account. Its current rates include a three-year fix at 5.39% at 90% LTV (though it charges a £900 product fee – discounted by £500 for first-time buyers) and £99 booking fee. Similarly, a five-year fix at 90% LTV at 5.69% is available, with the same fees.
Martyn Dyson, head of mortgages at Nationwide, said: "On the average property, this will bring the level of deposit required down from £24,750 to £16,500 – welcome news for first-time buyers and those upsizing to a bigger home."
The Co-operative Bank has cut the interest rates on its five-year fixed mortgage range and has scrapped the £999 arrangement fee for existing current account customers. Borrowers with a 25% deposit can obtain a rate of 3.39% over five years, while those with a 15% deposit can get 4.19% and those with a 10% deposit can get a rate of 5.59% over five years.
Market Harborough Building Society recently launched an 80% LTV three-year fixed-rate mortgage at 3.7% to 31 December 2014. It has no set-up fee, and the incentives include a refund of the valuation fee (up to a maximum of £550), plus free legal fees and refund of accident, sickness and unemployment insurance for three months for anyone remortgaging.
Both the Market Harborough and Co-op range were highlighted by Moneyfacts as best buys. Sylvia Waycot of Moneyfacts said: "At 3.70% the Market Harborough mortgage offer is well below the current market average of 4.60% (for an equivalent term) and when you add in the incentives package it makes a really competitive deal for anyone with a 20% deposit."


text:
Hello.. Here are some answers to questions Kris asked:

 What was your network connection / setup like? Proxy? Or should regular DHCP just work?

Regular DHCP should just work. The trouble was the mirrors, but to rule out the possibility that my own network connectivity was the issue, I tried both manual config and auto/DHCP.

What type of video card is in this system? The ATI / Intel drivers are really crummy, and if you select those drivers and it brings you right back to the configuration screen it means X failed to startup. After trying to test a new display setup, right-click on the background and bring up "xterm" and run "cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log.old" and you should be able to see what the particular X error was when testing the new config.

Its an ATI Radeon 3100 graphics on the motherboard (my Sapphire is in a drawer gathering dust).

I will have to try as suggested, to see what the log tells me.

However, I did notice that attempting resolutions of (1900 x 1200) or (1600 x something) mean that the taskbar gets partly hidden on the left, and the display doesn't seem centered. However, what seemed odd was that the installer had no such difficulties with the display. My monitor is a Samsung Touch Of Color T260HD 25.5-Inch LCD HDTV Monitor which is capable of 1920×1200. So obviously something is not getting configured exactly right. Another thing I ought to do is copy the settings I'm using with v8.2 and see if those would work.

In any situation where something fails, it may be nice that it gracefully loops, but this is not feedback. Without any sort of message to indicate the area of the problem, it may not be possible to discover what needs to be adjusted. In the case of the bad mirror address either as default or manually entered, if the failure is discovered thereby sending the user back to the mirror selection screen there ought to be a red flag saying "invalid address" or "please choose a different address" on the mirror selection screen.

Thank you everyone for your hard work!


text:
|Up a level
Brent, E. and Rios, P. and Happé, F. G. E. and Charman, Tony (2004) Performance of children with autism spectrum disorder on advanced theory of mind tasks. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 8 (3). pp. 283-299. ISSN Print: 1362-3613; Online: 1461-7005
Channon, S. and Charman, Tony and Heap, J. and Crawford, S. and Rios, P. (2001) Real-life-type problem-solving in Asperger's syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31 (5). pp. 461-469. ISSN Print: 0162-3257 Online: 1573-3432


text:
PANAMA (AFP) Feb 03, 2005
The US space agency NASA was to open a regional environmental change monitoring system in Panama Thursday which uses satellites to generate data on a region it called "urgently" in need of environmental protection.
Installed in a former US military base near the Panama capital, NASA's SERVIR system will provide scientists in Mexico and Central American countries online access to satellite data and imagery to map and visualize changes in the region's environment.
Aside from helping governments and scientists map ecological destruction and forecast climate change, the system will provide rapid information on the effects of natural disasters like hurricanes and volcanoes.
The new monitoring center was set up in conjunction with the Panama-based Water Center for the Humid Tropics of Latin America and the Caribbean (CATHALAC) and is supported with financing from the US Agency for International Development.
NASA said the system will be especially useful to conservationists in what it called a "critical region" biologically, with important but threatened tropical forests.
SERVIR will also help survey areas in the region most threatened by drought, flooding, earthquakes and other natural calamities, said Ligia Castro, director of the government's National Environmental Authority.
The SERVIR center was to be inaugurated Thursday by Panamanian President Martin Torrijos.
All rights reserved. � 2005 Agence France-Presse. Sections of the information displayed on this page (dispatches, photographs, logos) are protected by intellectual property rights owned by Agence France-Presse. As a consequence, you may not copy, reproduce, modify, transmit, publish, display or in any way commercially exploit any of the content of this section without the prior written consent of Agence France-Presse.


text:
Fine Italian restaurant offering an exclusive AngusPride® sizzling steak, great pasta dishes and fresh seafood. Wine cellar of over 1,000 bottles. A classic in St-Sauveur since 1979.
Sent on the 27th of February, 2009
AngusPride Sizzling Steak
5oz. Filet Mignon with Scampis, Scallops, Shrimps, Alaskan Crab Legs, Frog Legs
our delicious seafood linguine, with shrimps, calamari, mussels, clams, lobster and scallops
Italian Sausage, tomatoes, jalapenos (for the spicy food lover)
Fresh vegetable, basil, garlic and olive oil.
7 large shrimps, mushrooms and roséed sauce
on 2013-06-25 14:09:36Restaurant Papa Luigi | St-Sauveur 155 Principale, ST-SAUVEUR, QC


text:
As title, as anyone tried using softkeyz? I wanna try because I miss it but scared to try without a backup
Yes I have and no it doesn't work. You can apply a key theme all day and the device will reboot, but it won't change them. It says that its generally not compatible in LG phones in the play store. I still use it on my N7 though. I hope some devs make something like this for the G3.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SM-N900A using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
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Iran earthquakes leave almost 300 people dead; more than 2,500 injured
Posted by satyrikon στο Αύγουστος 12, 2012
DUBAI, — Overcrowded hospitals in northwest Iran struggled to cope with thousands of earthquake victims on Sunday and rescuers raced to reach remote villages after two powerful quakes killed nearly 300 people.
Thousands huddled in makeshift camps or slept in the street after Saturday's quakes in fear of more aftershocks, 60 of which had already struck. A lack of tents and other supplies left them exposed to the night chill, one witness told Reuters.
"I saw some people whose entire home was destroyed, and all their livestock killed," Tahir Sadati, a local photographer, said by telephone. "People need help, they need warm clothes, more tents, blankets and bread."
The worst damage and most casualties appeared to have been in rural villages around the towns of Ahar, Varzaghan and Harees, near the major city of Tabriz, Iranian media reported.
Tabriz resident Ahmad, 41, told Reuters his cousin living in a…
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What's the Scoop?
- Aug 1, 2006
- Topics:
With hundreds of equine nutritional supplements on the market, it's hard to know exactly which one your horse might need, if any at all. While not every horse requires supplements, they can be beneficial in specific circumstances.
According to Paul Siciliano, PhD, associate professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at Colorado State University, "A supplement is useful only when it provides nutrients that are lacking in the horse's base diet."
The Base Diet: Forage and Feed
Proper nutrition begins with quality forage and feed. Frederick Harper, PhD, extension horse specialist at the University of Tennessee, says, "If you aren't feeding good hay, you might need to add a nutritional supplement to your horse's diet."
Harper emphasizes that the importance of forage shouldn't be underestimated. "Some horse owners consider hay and pastures to be nothing more than fillers or pacifiers," he says. "In reality, forages have a great deal of nutritional value, and play a major role in the horse's diet."
According to Laurie Lawrence, PhD, professor of equine nutrition at the University of Kentucky, "Horses should be fed a commercially prepared feed mix that is specifically formulated for their physical condition and physiological class."
Reputable manufacturers are those that maintain a quality control program, says Gary Potter, PhD, professor emeritus at Texas A&M University and owner of Potter Enterprises, an equine consulting firm.
These companies not only analyze the nutritional value of the ingredients going into the feed, but also the end product.
"There may be some processing losses in feed," says Potter. "Proteins, amino acids, and minerals usually go through processing intact, but some unstable vitamins are highly susceptible to heat and pressure and may be affected by processing. The best feed companies try to allow for these losses by performing post-processing analyses."
Need for Supplementation
"Many horse owners buy a commercially prepared feed and mix it half-and-half with oats," Potter says. "This practice can be a problem for weanlings, lactating mares, and performance horses."
When extra ingredients are introduced to the feed mix, the nutritional balance is altered, and it becomes necessary to add supplements to offset the lost nutrients.
Nutritional supplements also might be necessary for horses fed reduced rations for health reasons. "Horses at risk for founder or colic may not be able to tolerate a quantity of grain sufficient to provide good nutrition," says Harper.
Another case in which supplementation might be necessary is when horses of different age groups or physiological classes are being fed together.
"If it's inconvenient to give horses several different types of feed, you may want to add a specific supplement to the ration of one horse, but not another," says Lawrence.
Vitamin Supplements
Brian Nielsen, PhD, equine exercise physiologist in the Department of Animal Sciences at Michigan State University, says, "Extra vitamins aren't necessary for every horse, but for hard-working performance horses, a vitamin supplement may stimulate appetite and help them avoid becoming underweight."
Since quality forages are rich in vitamins, deficiencies are relatively rare. Still, many horse owners feed vitamin supplements, especially vitamin E and biotin.
Vitamin E
For performance horses and those eating rations relatively high in fat, vitamin E supplementation is often beneficial.
Harper notes, "As an antioxidant, vitamin E works to block free radicals from attacking lipids and forming harmful lipid peroxides in the body, which can cause oxidation-induced tissue damage."
In horses that are working hard or otherwise stressed, tissue damage caused by the oxidation process is accelerated.
"When fed as a supplement to performance horses, Vitamin E may help delay fatigue, increase endurance, and accelerate healing," says Harper.
The B vitamin biotin is a popular supplement typically found in hoof health products. Biotin is involved in the process of cell growth and division, and it plays an important role in the health of all connective tissues, including the skin, cartilage, hair coat, and hooves.
"A few studies have shown that biotin may have positive effects on hoof growth," notes Nielsen. "However, these studies suggest that you have to keep horses on it for a long period of time in order for it to be beneficial. Many researchers are skeptical that biotin has much effect, unless it is deficient in the diet."
Minerals and Electrolytes
When horses are fed quality feed and forages, and they have access to salt and mineral blocks, most are able to get all the minerals they need for good health.
For equine athletes, and for horses working in hot weather that sweat excessively, the extra minerals provided by electrolyte supplements often become necessary.
"Manufacturers can't put enough electrolytes in commercial feed preparations to satisfy the needs of heavily stressed horses because it would make the feeds unpalatable," explains Potter.
The minerals typically found in electrolyte supplements--sodium, chloride, and potassium--are included to replace those lost when horses sweat.
Electrolyte preparations are available as powders and liquids that can be added to feed or water, or as pastes and gels that are administered orally to the horse.
"For horses that are being fed grain regularly, it's best to add mineral and electrolyte supplements to the feed, so you can make sure they're getting what they need," Potter says.
It's important to note that if used improperly, electroltyes can lead to metabolic imbalances in the horse.
"It's also important to make sure that the horse has plenty of fresh water available," notes Lawrence. "When you add a lot of these electrolytes to the diet, horses urinate more and drink more."
Selenium is a trace mineral that is often used as a stand-alone nutritional supplement. Selenium is readily available in plants grown in soil that contains adequate amounts of the mineral. In some regions of the United States, soils are deficient in selenium while in other areas, soil levels are high enough to be considered toxic.
"Before adding a selenium supplement to your horse's diet, it's important to determine the selenium content of the feeds and forages your horse is eating," Harper cautions.
The selenium content in grain is listed on the feed label. However, to test the selenium content in your horse's forage, Harper recommends using a company such as Dairy One to test your hay and grass.
While horses require 3 milligrams of selenium per day, daily doses of 5 milligrams or more can cause mild to severe toxicity in horses.
Essential Fatty Acids
Most horse's feed rations are very low in fat--typically less than 3-4% by weight. Research suggests that when introduced gradually, horses can tolerate up to 20% of their daily caloric intake in the form of fat.
Some dietary fat is necessary to facilitate absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, and there's little doubt that adding even small quantities of fat to the equine diet improves the condition and appearance of the skin, hooves, and hair coat.
"The benefits of fat supplements are most applicable to high-stress, working horses," says Potter. "Because fat is high in calories, you can feed less grain and reduce some of the soluble carbohydrates when you add it to the ration."
Research has demonstrated that increasing the fat in a horse's diet to about 10% (or 20% of the total calories) promotes greater stamina and endurance in working horses.
Horses also require small amounts of the essential fatty acids (EFA) omega-3 and omega-6. Some equine studies have shown that changing the ratio of essential fatty acids in the diet dampens the production of certain prostaglandins involved in inflammation processes.
"Increasing the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in the diet helps suppress the inflammatory response in horses' joints and airways," Potter says.
Supplementing rations with flaxseed, cold-processed soybean oil, and fish oils improves the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids.
Joint Supplements
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are typically found in nutritional supplements designed to treat osteoarthritis and promote equine joint health.
Glucosamine is a complex sugar molecule that is an important constituent of joint fluid, while chondroitin sulfate is a primary component of joint cartilage.
Chondroitin sulfate is thought to act as an anti-inflammatory agent capable of inhibiting enzymes responsible for cartilage breakdown. In laboratory studies, both nutrients have been shown to increase the synthetic activity of cartilage-producing cells called chondrocytes, an action believed to promote joint repair.
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplements come in a variety of forms, including pills, powders, pastes, liquids, and wafers. The glucosamine supplements are derived from chitin, found in the shells of lobsters and crabs. Chondroitin sulfate typically is extracted from bovine tracheal cartilage. According to Nielsen, "Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplements may offer protective effects against joint injury. When fed to horses with degenerative joint disease, some researchers have reported improvements in lameness, flexion, and stride length."
Another joint supplement is silicon, which is thought to play a role in bone formation and repair. Though a bit mysterious, research has demonstrated the element might enhance performance and play a role in the reduction of injury rates. There are commercially available supplements that offer a source of silicon.
"Silicon supplementation appears to be able to make a dramatic difference in terms of performance," Nielson says.
In a large study of racing Quarter Horses, those fed a supplemental silicon experienced significantly fewer injuries compared to horses not receiving the supplement.
Yet another commonly used joint supplement is methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), which is in the form of a tasteless, odorless, white powder. It is an organic compound derived from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), a topical agent used to reduce swelling.
"Many researchers believe that the primary benefit of feeding MSM is to restore proper sulfur concentrations in the diet," says Nielsen. Sulfur is necessary for the formation of connective tissue.
Probiotic supplementation in the equine diet is a relatively new concept. As a result, its utility in the equine diet isn't fully understood. Probiotic supplements, available in liquids, powders, and pastes, contain live bacterial cultures that are believed to restore or enhance the natural bacterial inhabitants in the digestive tract.
"For the average healthy horse, probiotics probably aren't necessary," Nielsen says. "In a few circumstances, it might be useful to give a probiotic supplement; for instance, after a horse has been treated with antibiotics."
While antibiotic medications kill bacterial pathogens responsible for a number of infections, the drugs also kill off some of the beneficial microorganisms in the equine gut, including those that aid in digestion and immunity.
There is evidence to suggest that feeding probiotics might benefit horses with acute enterocolitis (inflammation of the small intestine and colon). In some cases, however, researchers have failed to demonstrate favorable results associated with probiotic supplementation.
"All probiotics are not equal," notes Siciliano. "Some may have favorable properties regarding their effect on the equine hindgut environment, but the real benefit of probiotic supplementation in horses remains to be determined."
The Bottom Line
"It's easy to think that if feeding a little bit of a particular supplement is good, then feeding a lot of it is even better, but that's not the way it works," says Potter. "In most cases, over-supplementation is more of a problem than not supplementing at all."
To avoid under- or over-supplementing your animal, and to ensure that your horse is getting the best-balanced diet, consult with an equine nutritionist or veterinarian about your horse's feeding regimen.
About the Author
Rallie McAllister, MD
Rallie McAllister, MD, grew up on a horse farm in Tennessee, and has raised and trained horses all of her life. She now lives in Lexington, Ky., on a horse farm with her husband and three sons. In addition to her practice of emergency and corporate medicine, she is a syndicated columnist (Your Health by Dr. Rallie McAllister), and the author of four health-realted books, including Riding For Life, published by Eclipse Press and available at www.ExclusivelyEquine.com or by calling 800/582-5604.
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Canadiens Move To Mobile Ticketing For '17-18 Barry Sanders Will Be Lions Brand Ambassador Manfred Still Confident In Marlins Sale Braves Execs Talk First Season At SunTrust Park Franchise Notes Warriors Unveil Chase Center "Membership Plan" Sarver Wishes Suns Had Started Rebuild Sooner Wizards To Pay Luxury Tax For First Time Rams Catering To Fans For Training Camp Was Hurney Panthers' Only Real GM Option?
Upcoming Conferences and Events
SBD/December 5, 2011/Franchises
Magic Johnson Joins Ownership Group Interested In Purchasing Dodgers
Published December 5, 2011
MAGIC TOUCH: In DC, Adam Kilgore noted it "became something of an open secret in the sport that Kasten would bid to buy the Dodgers." Kasten this year "sold his ownership stake in the Nationals, formally allowing himself to pursue other opportunities." The cost to buy the Dodgers "could reach as high as $1 billion, but an individual close to Kasten said he is confident the astronomical asking price will not be an issue for the group" (WASHINGTONPOST.com, 12/2). But in L.A., Tom Hoffarth wrote Johnson's decision to join the ownership group "makes as much sense as Sandy Koufax deciding he needs to take over the Lakers." The "fact that Magic says he's sifted through the applications of six potential ownership groups ... shows only that he's been doing some wise political networking." Hoffarth noted as the list "grows by the hour of credible businessmen who are apt to step up and lend their names and wallets toward ownership of the Dodgers, Magic Johnson can't be taking himself seriously." Hoffarth: "Go ahead and be part of some kind of ownership group that's trying to bring the NFL back to L.A. Start something new. Just don't be thinking blue" (L.A. DAILY NEWS, 12/3).
BACK TO REALITY: FSN late Friday filed deposition notices for Selig, MLB Exec VP/Labor Relations & HR Rob Manfred and Dodgers Owner Frank McCourt, continuing its ongoing battle with the club over media rights. The deposition notices arrive in advance of a key hearing beginning Wednesday in Wilmington, Del., which may decide the future of the rights. McCourt, as part of ongoing efforts to sell the club by April, wants an accelerated auction for the rights beginning immediately. FSN is aiming to protect its existing contract, stipulating for an exclusive renegotiation period not beginning until late next year. But the deposition notices, also served to Dodgers CFO Peter Wilhelm and Assistant Treasurer Jeffrey Ingram, are believed to be connected to a separate FSN legal push to have the club dismissed from bankruptcy, which is scheduled to have its own hearing Dec. 27. It is not yet certain whether the MLB or Dodgers execs served will fight the depositions sought by FSN. But given the league's stated neutrality on the Dodgers-FSN fight, and the club's obvious opposition, voluntary cooperation is not likely (Eric Fisher, SportsBusiness Journal). In N.Y., Richard Sandomir noted the FSN-Dodgers television contract indicates that "Fox Sports West 2 -- Prime Ticket's official name -- paid the team $14.7 million in 2002 and $15.4 million in 2003 to show 80 games each year." The rest of the games "were carried on a local broadcast station." By '04, the deal "required showing 100 telecasts on Fox/Prime." For that, the rights fee in '04 "rose to $25 million." Payments then rose "about 5 percent annually, hitting $30.4 million in 2008." In '13, the "last year of the contract, the Dodgers are to receive $38.8 million." Sandomir noted when a new deal "is done -- and approved by the team's new owner -- the Dodgers will receive far more money from their local cable TV deal than they have been receiving" (N.Y. TIMES, 12/4).
CRITICAL MISTAKES? The WALL STREET JOURNAL's Ashby Jones notes thanks to the "high-profile nature of the McCourts' divorce proceedings, the dispute involving the law firm, Bingham McCutchen LLP, and Mr. McCourt has gone public." At the "heart of conflict is whether Mr. McCourt suffered any harm as a result of what he alleges was a mistake on Bingham's part, and if so, how much" (WALL STREET JOURNAL, 12/5).


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Helen Bowen, an Auckland, New Zealand, attorney who has facilitated hundreds of restorative justice conferences, describes the process as follows:
The facilitator's aim in a conference is to guide this process [which] enables victims and offenders to have a forum, with the support and participation of those closest to them. [I]t is "process" driven rather than "outcome" driven, unlike commercial mediation . . . .
The object of the conference is to facilitate an exchange between the parties in an environment of healing, to learn about the other, to move on from the offense, so that other issues can be identified. Another way of describing the exchange is as the "demystification" of the offending. The offense as experienced by the victim freezes the moment in time. Allowing the victim to meet with the offender and ask questions means many fears dissipate. The offense becomes a past event and the meeting becomes and opportunity to provide a better future for the offender and to have the fears of both parties put aside.
There is no predetermined outcome. It is through the process that transformation of the victim-offender relationship can occur.
There may not necessarily be a resolution of the conflict or even forgiveness on the part of the victim. It may simply be that the parties are given the opportunity to demystify the wrongdoing in an environment that does not seek to blame. It may be that the parties are able to pose solutions for the future rather than concentrating on the events of the past.
The process allows the victim to view the offender as the person seated opposite now, rather than as the unknown person who previously offended. The offense takes on a more personal dimension for both parties. Fears are set aside.
The restorative justice process has as its aims offender accountability and victim recognition and healing. This necessitates full participation of both the victim and the offender. If either party is unwilling to take part, the opportunity for restoration and healing diminishes.
Central to good restorative justice practice is the participation of those significant members of the community who are present to support the victim and the offender. Acknowledgement of responsibility in the presence of the community is a significant enhancement to the process of restoration. The value of the presence of the support people and family members cannot be emphasized enough. It is against this background of community support that offenders take responsibility for the offending. When the victim experiences this willingness and preparedness (on the part of the offender) to take responsibility and to accept the consequences, the relationship between the parties changes. It moves from blaming the offender to seeing how the victim and the community can assist the offender to cease offending. The direction of the conference changes at this stage. Information sharing and acceptance of responsibility allow all parties to turn to the issue of consequences for the offender and benefits for the victim and community. The natural consequence of helping the victim and the community is of course a benefit for the offender as well. The taking of responsibility by the offender allows the community to assist in endeavors to prevent re-offending.
[Quoted from: "Restorative Justice: Contemporary Themes and Practices" by Helen Bowen and Jim Consedine, pp. 18-20.]
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Justice Williamson of Christchurch, New Zealand, described the way of handling juvenile cases under New Zealand's "Children, Young People and Their Families Act of 1989" as follows:
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Dennis Cooley of Canada in his discussion paper From Restorative to Transformative Justice written for the Law Commission of Canada and published at http://www.lcc.gc.ca/en/forum/rj/index.html says (Executive Summary on p. 4) that:
- Crime is a violation of a relationship among victims, offenders and the community.
- Responses to crime should encourage the active involvement of victim, offender and community.
- A consensus approach to justice is the most effective response to crime.
John McDonald and David Moore of Transformative Justice Australia (TJA) in their Statement of Philosophy found at www.tja.com.au/ use the following definition and description:
This sustainable sense of justice can only be achieved if all the conditions of a defensible democratic process are met. So an adequate transformative justice process must satisfy the conditions of political equity, deliberation, participation, and non-tyranny. More generally, it must be determined whether a transformative approach to conflict is appropriate for dealing with the case at hand. We consider that there are three general options.
In all arenas of human activity, some people, some of the time, behave inappropriately and harmfully. The result of such behavior is conflict between those affected. Responses to conflict fall into one of three categories. A first category of responses amplify the conflict generated by inappropriate and harmful behavior. For instance, conflict is amplified when incidents are addressed in court. If one party accuses guilt, and another claims innocence, then the conflict between these two arguments is amplified to test the evidence. In theory, only the convincing arguments are left standing. But if there is no major dispute about guilt, or about the basic facts surrounding the conflict, this amplification of the conflict — with all of its concomitant harm — may not be necessary.
A second category of responses avoid or minimize conflict. For certain types of case, this category of response is quite appropriate. Thus, some forms of negotiation, mediation and conciliation seek to minimize any general conflict surrounding a specific dispute in order to search more fruitfully for an optimum resolution of that dispute.
But in cases where there is no clear dispute, or there are several disputes, or there is a history of unresolved disputes, the real problem is no longer any specific dispute. The real problem is the general conflict surrounding the dispute(s). And in such cases, a third category of response is required. What is required is not so much a process of dispute resolution as a process of conflict transformation.
Conferencing is currently perhaps the most prominent practical example of this transformative response to conflict. We consider it to be the most prominent realization of the philosophy of transformative justice.
Conferencing is not something new, nor are its general principles unique to any particular culture. On the contrary, although the modern conferencing movement has been inspired by traditional Maori practice, the community conferencing process appears similar to other circle-based ceremonies for dealing with harm to the social fabric. Similar ceremonies are used in societies around the world. Indeed, anybody who has lived in a close supportive family may recognize, in community conferencing, some principles and techniques for dealing with a wide range of difficult, conflictual issues.
Community conferencing is the generic term now given to this process as it is used in schools, justice systems, workplaces and other settings to deal with the conflict arising from harmful behavior against property or persons. A community conference brings together a community of people who have been affected by harmful behavior. Conference participants are provided with a structure within which they might best determine (i) how to repair the damage arising from the harmful behavior, and (ii) how to minimize further harm. Thus, the conference deals with the past and the present, and it deals with the future.
All available evidence suggests that, measured against alternative interventions in comparable cases, community conferencing and workplace conferencing generate: (i) a greater sense of participant satisfaction, including a sense of justice; (ii) greater levels of social support; and (iii) reduced rates of re-offending.
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Jennifer J. Llewellyn, B.A. M.A. (email@example.com) and Robert Howse Associate Professor of Law, University of Toronto and Visiting Professor, University of Michigan Law School (firstname.lastname@example.com) in their treatise RESTORATIVE JUSTICE ~ A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, prepared for the LAW COMMISSION OF CANADA and published at http://www.lcc.gc.ca/en/papers/howse.html give this definition of restorative justice which they attribute to Tony Marshall (as quoted by John Braithwaite):
- Involve all parties with a stake in the resolution of the conflict. The victim, the perpetrator and community must each be involved and enabled to participate fully in the process.
- Recognize and seek to address the harms to one another, remembering that harm is not restricted to the victim but can be experienced by the wrongdoer and the community.
- Be voluntary. Participation cannot be the result of coercion, fear, threats or manipulation brought to bear on either the victim or the wrongdoer.
- Be premised on and include truth telling. Truth telling in the form of an admission of responsibility for what happened on the part of the perpetrator is a precondition for a restorative process; truth telling in the form of honest relating of one's story and experience of all parties is a fundamental part of the process.
- Involve encounter (face to face meeting and sharing of stories and experiences) between victim/wrongdoer and community.
- Protect the rights of victims and wrongdoers.
- Involve a facilitator who can ensure the needed broader social perspective.
- Aim for reintegration of victim and wrongdoer into the community.
- Develop a plan for the future or agreement for resolution out of negotiation.
- Not involve punishment.
- Be evaluated by its results (whether it restores or not).
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John Wilmerding, the Executive Director of the Campaign for Equity-Restorative Justice, includes among the definitions provided on his web site at http://www.cerj.org/lexicon.html , the following:
A term referring to fundamental justice processes which are present in healthy communities. Also, a noun referring (in the aggregate) to justice processes that create or restore equity; that 'make things right'. Example: If justice is a function of community, then restorative justice is a minimal requirement for healthy communities. [NOTE: At this point in time, some governments are showing the inclination to co-opt this term to describe processes they sponsor that are less likely to yield equity or equanimity, and even some that incorporate punishment. Punishment is not reatorative of equity.Transformative Justice, or 'justice as transformation':
Justice processes that permit, encourage, and assist (or enable) individuals and groups to transform their patterns of personal energy, intentions and/or behavior from negative/destructive to positive/affirmative, in order that they might be able to fully, mutually, affirmatively, and pro-actively participate in the co-creation or restoration of equity and/or harmony in their community. [In some groups that embrace a 'spiritual' perspective on justice, mention is made of a spiritually-grounded 'transforming power' that makes transformative justice processes possible.]
An action (or inaction) which is proscribed; forbidden by public *written* law on the basis (or presumption) that it is harmful.
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Hits and Misses: Congress puts a squeeze on our paychecks
January 22, 2013
That was our first reaction to the first paychecks we saw in 2013.
Our second reaction: C'mon, Congress. C'mon, White House. Get your act together, would ya?
In case you haven't noticed yet, federal taxes went up this year. The FICA tax bite went up to 6.2 percent, from 4.2 percent. For just about everybody, that translates to a 2 percent cut in your take-home pay.
To be fair, we have stated before that we think the best way out of the federal government's budget deficit mess is a combination of tax increases and spending cuts.
We also have stated before that we think Congress bumbled badly when it approved the fiscal cliff deal at the 11th hour. It fell miserably short on the spending cuts side of the ledger. Congress and our president still have massive work to do in this area.
And on the tax side, well, yea, taxes went up. But, was it part of a planned, thoughtful, strategic policy? It sort of elicits a chuckle to even ask the question. Congress might do something thoughtful or strategic? Yea, right. Congress didn't really raise taxes, but because both sides couldn't agree on hardly anything, they let the scheduled FICA tax increase go into effect.
And so, as we opened our paychecks this month, we feel the impact in our wallets of the bumbling in the Beltway.
Donating blood offers a good way to help others
For some, the thought of blood can bring on the willies. For others, it can be a matter of life and death.
When we read earlier this week about the critical shortage of blood at some area hospitals, we were reminded of the importance of giving blood. It doesn't take very long to donate, but your donation can change someone's life, or even save it.
You'll leave with a sense of fulfillment and maybe even a cookie for your good deed. All blood types are welcome, especially O Positive and O Negative. You can find out more about donating at the Poudre Valley Hospital and Medical Center of the Rockies at http://www.pvhs.org/bloodcenter.
North Colorado Medical Center isn't facing a shortage, but it is still taking donations. Appointments can be made at (970) 350-6100.
Thanks for the snow, could we have another?
This week's snow already is receding and pooling in puddles, thanks to the late-week warm-up.
We're actually sorry to see it go. Colorado has been so dry in the past year that we could use another good dumping of snow — and soon.
Besides, it's kind of tough to enjoy the sunshine with an ice-cold case of guilt.
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Wandering down the city street at 3 a.m., Seth Irby furiously created song lyrics in his mind. The 26-year-old guitarist and singer for Keynote, the music ministry of Cru, was feeling anxious and spiritually dry.
"It was one of those times when I didn't feel God's presence in my life," says the enigmatic artist. "And I wanted more of Him." So he poured his angst into words.
The phone lies silent
On the bedroom shelf
And I am staring at myself
In the bathroom mirror
Waiting for the call
But there is no sound at all
"The phone is a metaphor for communication with God," he says, "and how hard it is sometimes."
The song would prove more than a late-night rant. Seth has played "The Phone is Silent" at numerous evangelistic concerts with Piper Down, the Keynote band he is the front man for -- especially during the part of the concert when the band gives the audience an invitation to pray and receive Christ.
"This is a song I wrote when I was searching for God," Seth tells audiences. "It's not always a piece of cake. It can be the hardest thing you do, but the best thing you do."
During a 3-week tour in Australia, Seth's band played for more than 2,700 teenagers and college students, and 271 of them indicated decisions for Christ. Audiences in America have also responded favorably.
The 7-member band plays a rock and "post-hardcore" style of music, reminiscent of punk. Seth has written other songs that Piper Down plays.
"I came to Keynote because I want to write songs that can turn Christians to a greater commitment with the Lord and to help non-Christians to see a faith that is authentic," he says.


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Argenta Film Series Presents Warrior Champions
Little Rock Film Festival
Thursday, August 16, 2012 at 7:00 PM (CDT)
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Event Details
With the Olympic Games in full swing, the Argenta Film Series will have a special screening of the film Warrior Champions, a documentary that follows the first injured Iraq war veterans to compete in the Paralympic Games. After losing limbs in combat, these soldiers are able to turn nightmares of war into Olympic dreams.
Have questions about Argenta Film Series Presents Warrior Champions? Contact Little Rock Film Festival
When & Where
Argenta Community Theater
405 Main St
North Little Rock,
Thursday, August 16, 2012 at 7:00 PM (CDT)
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Online Diets Programs - Adopt Carefully for the best Results
With the advancement in technology, it's possible to easily find weight loss plans on the web for free. Once you provide some basic information about yourself, sites will give you different diet programs and you can select one to follow based on your lifestyle. Rather than following multiple diets, you should follow only one and make sure that you adhere to it of you want to see results. The online diet program is easy to find and one will get them for free without spending even a penny. It's possible to also get a variety of options to select from, as a result it is very convenient.
No matter what diets plan you choose to adopt, they are a few things which has to be taken into account for weight loss success ..
1# Never miss meals
One should never skip meals when following any diet plans. People believe that if they do not eat food, they'll lose weight. But this is not true. If you skip your meal, you'll be eating more when you sit down to eat. So, you need to eat in every couple of hours so that you will not feel very hungry once you sit down for your meals.
2# Health comes first
Never, ever neglect your health to get a slim figure. This may cause long term problems to your body and you'll become prone to a number of diseases. You should try to lose weight in a healthy manner.
3# Eating healthy food
You should always take out time to sit and consider what you should be eating for the week. Regardless of how busy your lifestyle is, make sure that you take out here we are at yourself and plan your diets for that week. Including green vegetables and fruits and cutting on oily foods can guide you to get the perfect figure much easily.
4# Stick to your diet program
Many people tend to change their diets once in a while few months once they do not see any results. One should realize that if you are trying to lose weight in a healthy way, it may need more time. However, the results that you will get will be far better and long lasting as well.
5# Never compare your diet's programs with others
It is common for people to discuss their diet program with their family and friends. Sometimes, it also leads individuals to bring change to their own diets programs by taking a look at other people's diet program results. However, you ought to refrain from doing this. Like no two people are alike, their body structure and weight losing capacity will also be different. So, you ought to adopt one single plan and stick to it for months to get any positive results.
Once you keep the previously mentioned things at heart and follow your diets programs religiously, you are going to lose weight in no time and can obtain the perfect figure which you have been wanting for years.
Get more material you can visit at this point prenatalnutrition.org


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Christmas in July has Started! Up to $75 Off + Free Shipping* LEARN MORE
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2011 Competitive Cheer
State Cheer
November 19....................... State Finals - Bi-Lo Center
650 North Academy Street
The BI-LO Center will be open to the public at 10:00 am. General public must enter the BI-LO Center at the main entrance located to the right of the box office on East North Street.
General parking
Hampton Inn Greenville-Haywood Mall
Hilton Garden Inn Greenville
108 Carolina Point Parkway
Greenville, SC 29605
SC State Cheer Competition
Group Code - SCC
20 Double Queen bedded rooms
Rate - $89.00 with breakfast for up to 4 guests per room
Rooms available until midnight on 11/16
Holiday Inn Express – Downtown Greenville
407 N. Main Street
Greenville, SC 29601
10 King Suites with pull-out sofa
3 Queen Suites with pull-out sofa
Rate - $104.00 with breakfast
Rooms available until midnight on 11/16
Clarion Inn & Suites
40 Non smoking Double/Queen's for $55.00.
Contact Claudia Foley at 864-254-6383
Brand new hotel with premium bedding – flat screen TVs, fridge, microwave
Hilton Haywood Road
60 Doubles at $99 with full breakfast included, contact Else Voorhees at 864-298-6846


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Lip Tattoos: Fancy Or Freakish?
Lip tattoos have arrived, ladies, and I'm deciding if this leopard print pair will be part of my new spring look. Violent Lips, temporary lip tattoos, come in lots of hues and prints for any mood, occasion, or getup. My pros and cons list after the jump. Pros:
- Hide lip zits, cold sores, and fine lines easily.
- No one will see that food on your face.
- Lipstick smudges gone forever and forget about reapplication.
- At the party everyone will refer to you as "the girl with the leopard lips."
- Someone might think you have a disease or rare skin disorder.
- Kissing is strictly forbidden. Not cool.
- You may be mistaken for a drag queen.
- If eating is hindered in any way, forget it.
So what do you think? Are they fancier than lipstick or just plain freakish? [The Hairpin]


text:
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Bitdefender Internet Security 2017
Bitdefender Internet Security 2017 fights online threats and prevents data from online threats so that you can browse safely.
Note: Check System Requirements on Official website. First-time users can also benefit from 30 Days Free Trial. This is a Direct Purchase from Bitdefender.
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4 reviews with a 5-star rating
Bitdefender has turned out to be a great software company that has launched amazing products and this one is one of them. I was highly impressed by the easy and the fast installation of the software. It also rightly protects the pc from any identity theft or any theft of important information like banking details.
I was looking for a software that would provide protection against threats to online transactions as I frequently make online payments and have heard of many incidents of online thefts. I found out about Bit defender Internet security 2016, which protects from viruses as well as online hackers from my friends and believe me when I say this, IT is the best! It provides total protection without delaying the system.
Product Description
,Bitdefender Internet Security 2017 is the latest security addition. A Mid-range home PC security product from Bitdefender. In contrast with the earlier version, 2017 packs a lot of improvements. Three features are missing compared to Bitdefender Total Security 2017. Now Bitdefender Total Security Multi-Device 2017 is the top security product. It replaced Total Security as a package.
In this article, we will take a look at the new Bitdefender Internet Security 2017. It's feature improvements and also how it performs.
Bitdefender Internet Security 2017 Overview
Bitdefender Internet Security 2017 New Features
Improvements are visible from the point you start with Install.
Bitdefender Internet Security 2017 Interface
Bitdefender Internet Security 2017 has a Clean Interface. It has more info on the home screen compared to older versions. Internet Security 2017 improves the already sleek look of 2016 product line. Comparatively, way better categorization of actions, more data, simple language, and color scheme makes it easy for users.
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In features, there are two new major additions.
Bitdefender Central Account Control
Bitdefender now uses Central Account. Users have more control over devices from any place. Most of all, the install process is very easy. You can download Setup files from the web account anytime. An important fact is that a single installation can convert your desktop application to any version. Subscription in Central Account determines what the desktop app will be. Hence, as soon as you log in to the app using your account, it changes accordingly.
Parental Advisor is significantly improved. Hence, as you set up minor devices, you can manage them at one place. Also, there is a major improvement in doing remote tasks like scanning and updating the desktop app. Actions are far more responsive compared to 2016 version.
Wi-Fi Vulnerability scan
Wi-Fi vulnerability is a brand new module which was not present in the 2016 product line. This module is helpful. It is an extra layer to already existing Vulnerability module. Now you will receive a notification if you are connecting to a less secure network. Hence, you can leave worries and focus on your work even in public places.
Ransomware malware/trojan is a big concern for home computer users. This improved module in Bitdefender Internet Security 2017 allows the user to define private areas of the disk. By doing so, you enable security for those locations. All you have to do is, add files or folders that you want to protect.
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- Battery Mode: Allows to extend battery backup duration of laptops.
Features not Available in Internet Security 2017
Bitdefender Internet Security 2017 is a mid-range security product. So, it lacks some features when compared to Total Security 2017. You can avail them in Bitdefender Total Security Multi-Device 2017. In addition, Multi-device supports Windows, Mac, and Android whereas Internet Security is just for Windows.
- Device Anti-Theft
- Tune-Up. One Click Optimizer
If you need these features as well, the best option is to purchase Bitdefender Total Security Multi-Device 2017. If you are a home user, probably you will not need these features. However, a must have for people who roam or are at risk of losing their devices. Most of all, rest of the features are same in Internet Security 2017.
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Using Bitdefender Internet Security 2017, you get 100% satisfaction guarantee. Internet Security 2017 is most ideal antivirus product for home users. Hence, you must carefully select the security product. Another factor to consider is your internet usage habits. If you are only using the internet for basic tasks like Email reading, video streaming, etc. Then there is no need to have more features than needed. Also, you have to be sure that you follow basic online safety rules. Since, no matter what the security application you are using, prevention is better than cure.
We tested Bitdefender Internet Security 2017 on Windows 10 64 Bit system. Overall experience was great. There are significant performance boosts in the 2017 product line. Everything ran smoothly without any problem. We also noticed bit slowdown initially after first boot. It seems like Bitdefender takes some time to settle in. After that things went smooth. There were no issues with system speed or boot time. Therefore, do not worry if you face the same situation. Just give it some time.
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Do you want to purchase Bitdefender Internet Security 2017? Now you can also use Bitdefender Internet Security 2017 coupon code and save 50% on your purchase.


text:
Wrap yourself up in this luxurious shawl for instant warmth and elegance. The body of the shawl features graceful rows of eyelets highlighting the top-down triangular construction. An edging of delicate lace looks lovely whether the shawl is worn traditionally around your shoulders or tossed casually around your neck.
Width: 47-48″
Length: 21″
GAUGE 4″ = 16-17.5 sts and 10 rows in Double Crochet, blocked
Note: yarns shown usually knit at 22-24 sts to 4″ in Stocking Stitch
390 yards fingering weight yarn in main color
100 yards fingering weight yarn in contrast color
OR 450 yards fingering weight yarn for solid color shawl
US H (5 mm) crochet hook or size needed to obtain gauge
removable stitch marker
yarn needle
pins (for blocking)
YARN SHOWN Ranch of the Oaks Alpaca (100% alpaca; 200 yards/3 ounces)
Canon Hand Dyes Charles Sock (80% merino wool/20% nylon; 395 yards/50 grams)
Frog Tree Sport Melange Alpaca (100% alpaca; 128 yards/50 grams)


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July 15Rakim Raheem Bouie 231007 Zorn Rd. Bainbridge, GaTerroristic threats and actsTheft by shopliftingBPS Bunting
Ethan Avery Guris 21138 Deer Trail Rd. Bainbridge, GaDUIDriving without license on personGSP Palmer
Allen Jackson 52160 Bell Circle Rd. Cairo, GaDUIPossession of marijuanaReckless conductNo insuranceOpen containerDriving in violation of limited permitGSP Fretwell
Leroy Jackson 49945 11th St. NE Cairo, GaPossession of marijuanaOpen containerGiving false information or false nameGSP Fretwell
Shadrick Tyrone Williams 281913 Art Museum Dr. Jacksonville, FlChild restraint lawDUIEndangerment of child under 14Reckless conductGSP Fretwell
July 14
Penny Micole Baker 30158 Birdsong Rd. Bainbridge, GaDriving while license suspended or revokedSpeedingGSP Fretwell
William Dixon Cannon 311004 E. Alice St. Bainbridge, GaDUIOpen container in vehicleBPS Brown
Cyrus Lanard Proctor 5444 Cunningham St. Rochester, NYDriving while license suspended or revokedSpeedingGSP Fretwell
July 13
Viola Ellis 231119 E. Broughton St. Bainbridge, GaDisorderly conductBPS McCain
Charles Edward White 40911 Cheney St. Bainbridge, GaAggravated assaultBPS Miller
July 12
Steven Donald Addison 17808 Sharpe St. Bainbridge, GaTheft by shopliftingBPS Haire
Tametriss Kantrel Smart 18107 Wilson St. Attapulgus, GaTheft by shopliftingDESO Edmond
July 11
Ravan Biyonka Adams2550 Thomasville Rd. Bainbridge, GaDisorderly conductBPS Pait
Carolyn Deloris Jackson 581512 S. Potter St. Bainbridge, GaUnlawful acts (during 911 call)Request for ambulance when not reasonably neededDESO Davidson
Henrik Aaron Pirckett 547848 County Rd. 374 Donalsonville, GaProbation violation O/C possession of pseudoephedrineDESO Bryant
Jada Jamaica Wilburn 39442 Love St. Bainbridge, GaContempt of court O/C child supportDESO Edmond
July 10
Dewayne J. Cook 20720 Duke Wells Rd. Bainbridge, GaTheft by shopliftingBPS McCain
Lathonia Joann Darley 263867 Faceville Hwy Bainbridge, GaTheft by shopliftingBPS Heard
Brandon Lee Dean 253867 Faceville Hwy Bainbridge, GaTheft by shopliftingBPS Heard
Bruce Wendell Sanders 54206 4th St. SE Havana, FlProbation violation O/C possession of marijuanaDESO Umbach
Dylan Mills Welch 18187 Belcher Ln. Bainbridge, GaPossession of marijuanaPossession of cocaine
July 9
Julio Cesar Beltran 321763Ridge Rd. Cairo, GaProbation violation O/C driving while license suspendedDESO Mankle
Thomas K. Dixon902 Dennard St. Bainbridge, GaProbation violationBPS Boyett
Keith Samuel Jones 2890 Hinson Circle Havana, FlRiding without helmetDriving while license suspended or revokedTheft by receiving stolen property Obstruction of an officerExpired vehicle tag or decalDESO Ashley
Jonathan Alexis Sirmons 21705 Rose Circle Bainbridge, GaPossession of marijuanaPossession of cocaineDESO Walton
July 8
Wynston Verhman Dennis 384377 Cool Emerald Dr. Tallahassee, FlPossession of marijuanaDUIGSP Palmer
Deandre Dontaye Mitchell 212833 S. Adams St. Tallahassee, FlPossession of marijuanaDESO Edmond
John Taylor Reynolds 18344 Flint River Heights Rd. Bainbridge, GaSpeedingUnsecured passengers in open area/vehicleWindshields and winshield wipersDESO Edmond
Stantonio Dionta Thomas 22690 E. Griffin Ave. Attapulgus, GaChild restraint law Driving while license suspended or reviledGSP Palmer
Jason Jerel Willis 25350 Old Pelham Rd. Bainbridge, GaReckless conductDUIGSP Landrum
July 7
David Shawn Booker 37828 Cherry St. Perry, FlFailure to appear O/C driving while unlicensedDriving without licenseDUIGSP Palmer
James Nathaniel Phillips 41227 Fluitt Rd. Attapulgus, GaRiding motorcycle without helmetOperating motorcycle without permitTheft by receiving stolen propertyDESO Edmond
Reliford Dale Smith 50RT 1 Brinson, GaDUIAdult restraint seat belt lawGSP Brinson
Johnny Lee Washington 597664 Tallahassee HWY Bainbridge, GaBattery (family violence)DESO Black
July 6
Steven Charles Akam 41161 Melissa Dr. Bainbridge, GaProbation violation O/C child moelstationDESO Williamson
Jacqueline Wirick Brock 362793 Sycamore Rd. Quincy, FlDUISpeedingDriving without licenseGSP Kirkus
Brian Shavar Green 30112 Griffin Trailer Rd. Bainbridge, GaDUINo insuranceGSP Brinson
Adrian Larone Greenlee, Jr. 30649 11th Ave. NW Cairo, GaProbation violation O/C possession of cocaineDESO Edmond
Michael Heath Prince 36269 Moore Rd. Cairo, GaBoating under the influence
July 5
Amos Jackson 561120 Wisteria St. Bainbridge, GaSimple battery Public drunkenessBPS Day
July 4
Joshua Cole Thompson 301649 Mitchell St. Bainbridge, GaDisorderly conductBPS Day
Fredrick Samuel Hammonds 274768 Woodville Hwy Tallahassee, FlDriving while licens suspended or revokedDESO Edmond
Travis Brian Pritchett 43113 W. 9th Ave. Havana, FlBoating under the influrnceRiding a bow/gunwaleDNR Cox
Margie Estelle Slater 501154 Ten Miles Bonfae Bonfaye, FlPossession of marijuanaDESO Donalson
Zola Lanae Slater 28253 Davis Lane Bainbridge, GaPossession of marijuanaPossession of methamphetamineDESO Donalson
Randy Kadell Thomas 36210 Southview Dr. Midland City, AlFailure to maintain laneDriving while license suspended or revokedDUIDESO Edmond
July 3
Johnny Ralph Davis 62253 Davis Lane Bainbridge, GaManufacturing marijuanaPossession of marijuana with intentPossession of drug related itemsDESO Donalson
Willie Reynaldo Flowers 38123 Hillcrest Dr. Brundidge, AlFailure to appear (driving while license suspended or revoked)DESO Whittaker
Davidson LaFortune 201127 E. Water St. Bainbridge, GaAggravated assault (family violence)Assault on unborn childCruelty to childrenDESO Umbach
Audrey Michelle Stanley 35247 Davis Lane Bainbridge, GaManufacturing marijuanaPossession of marijuanaPossession of drug related itemsPossession of firearm or knife while trying to commit crimesManufacturing methaphetaminePossessionof methaphetamineDESO Donalson
Bryanna Marie Turner 28545 Antioch Church Rd. Climax, GaProbation violation O/C financial transaction card fraudBPS Foster
July 2
Crystal Michelle Bailey 23108 Asphalt Plant Rd. Bainbridge, GaTheft by shopliftingBPS Hines
Heather Olivia Clayton 341107 Meridian Dr. Camilla, GaDUIReckless conductSpeedingGSP Hall
Patricia Ann Ellis 28108 Asphalt Plant Rd. Bainbridge, GaTheft by shopliftingBPS Hines
Shameka Lynette Henry 28918 Palm St. Bainbridge, GaDriving while license withdrawnChild restraint lawBPS Hines
Adrinna McLendon 217452 Green Acres Rd. Bainbridge, GaTheft by shopliftingBPS Williams
Bacari Rashad Wilson 241411 Lake Dr. Bainbridge, GaProbation violation O/C burglaryBPS Williams
July 1
Christopher Lynn Priest 19138 Kelley Rd. Bainbridge, GaSpeedingDUIGSP Landrum
© Copyright by BainbridgeGA.com
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Results 1 to 10 of 10
Threaded View
- Join Date
- Apr 2012
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- 24
Sniper Elite V2 - The Ultimate Sniping Simulator
Youtube Link
Please read this quote from the video description before you tell me that I'm just trying to show off my "awesome skills".
Some people don't seem to understand the point of this video. Its purpose is to show the complete lack of a ballistics system when aiming without scoping in. There is no weapon sway or recoil. Stamina does not matter unless you look down your scope. The few missed shots in the video are entirely due to the ridiculously large crosshair. Playing this way shouldn't be even remotely feasible. I really hope they'll release a patch for this because, besides this and the linear tutorial mission, the game is pretty great.
Last edited by Senescent; 30-04-2012 at 10:00 PM.


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Dharma Decides to Continue Original Styles!
After a few months of feedback Dharma has decided to take the "classic coke" path by offering both Style Sources original styles and the clone imports. This makes for the best of both worlds. Those customers highly cost sensitive may purchase the import items and those who find our durability, uniformity and consistancy worth the extra expense may purchase the original empire dresses (style 77) and rompers (style 19) . We thank our partners at Dharma for realizing that cheaper is not always better, and we thank our customers for providing enough input to them to help them make the decision.


text:
HeddRokk Productions Myspace Page
This is the place to listen to and purchase the latest tracks that Dave & his partner Steve Lashley have been working on. HeddRokk Productions offers multi-genre pre-production services from laying down the individual tracks through to the final mix.
|Please check back often for news and updates on what HeddRokk Productions is currently working on. You can reach Dave by the link on the Conact Page to discuss your current or future projects and how HeddRokk Productions can help you with all of your music production needs.
Home | Media | Calendar | Gallery | Biography | Gear Page | Production | Links | Contact
Copyright © 2005-2012 David Simmons


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CONTACT: Kristan M. Pelletier (518) 629-8063; firstname.lastname@example.com
FOR RELEASE: Immediate, Wednesday, April 29, 2009
The game times for the NJCAA Region III Lacrosse semifinals were announced this morning. Hudson Valley Community College (12-3), the No. 2 seed, will face the No. 3 seed Herkimer County Community College at 4:30 p.m. on Saturday. The winner advances to the championship game and will face the winner of Onondaga Community College versus Monroe Community College. All games will be played at Herkimer County Community College.


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For the second time in five days, the entire SkyTrain light-rail system covering much of the Vancouver region was off line – blamed on a computer glitch that left cars stalled between stations and thousands stranded across Canada's third-largest transit system.
Monday's five-hour shutdown, blamed on a "technical issue" by a spokesperson for the region's transit authority TransLink, prompted dozens of passengers on the 68-kilometre system to get out of stalled trains and dangerously walk near electrified tracks, some elevated, to stations.
TransLink spokesperson Jiana Ling said Monday's shutdown of the Expo and Millennium lines was the result of a "technical issue" but had no other immediate details.
"It's unfortunate this did happen" Ms. Ling said in an interview "We're still at 95 per cent reliability on the system, which is quite high."
In a statement last week over the July 17 incident, SkyTrain president and general manager Fred Cummings said that was caused by a "computer problem" and expressed regrets to passengers. He was unavailable for comment on Monday.
However, SkyTrain sent out a tweet late Monday afternoon as the system finally came on line that read: "E-line, M-line back to regular service. Thank you for your patience and sorry for the inconvenience."
There was no immediate estimate on how many passengers were affected Monday, but the numbers were thought to be in the thousands.
When the system crashed on July 17, transit police estimated that at least 10 people on trains forced open doors and walked the tracks, but on Monday, transit police spokeswoman Anne Drennan reported that "dozens and dozens" of passengers decided they couldn't wait after the 12:30 p.m. shutdown.
She said passengers risked serious injury or death by walking near tracks that carry a 600-volt charge. Transit police and TransLink staff were going out on the tracks on Monday to evacuate passengers from stalled trains only to find that some passengers had already decided to leave the trains.
"We were surprised today at the numbers of people that were doing this, particularly since a warning had gone out to people four days ago after this happened. We do understand people are frustrated and some people are claustrophobic and they're frightened," said Ms. Drennan.
"Their first thought is just to get out and get off. Officers understand the mindset of people, but we also have to let people know the risk they're taking."
Cars can't move unless the doors are closed, but some doors were damaged by the unauthorized exits so staff were struggling to fix them so they could get trains moving again, said Ms. Drennan.
As trains slowly came back on line, thousands remained inconvenienced. Frustrated passengers struggled to find ways to get around, many on buses that TransLink arranged to run between stations.
Some Vancouver-region mayors were also fuming. "Repeated Skytrain outages unacceptable. Transit system need stable funding + local accountabilility," tweeted Vancouver Mayor Gregor Robertson, facing a bid for re-election this November in a campaign where transit is likely to be a major issue.
Monday's shutdown comes as the mayors and the B.C. Liberal government are trying to agree on options for a sustainable funding model for the regional transit system as it exists. They're also looking at funding for billions of dollars in new transit projects that include an underground line across Vancouver along its Broadway corridor.
SkyTrain, which has been built in sections since the first line opened in 1985, does not run through the City of Richmond, which is served by the Canada Line, but Richmond's mayor said there is a bigger issue of concern around SkyTrain problems.
"If people lose confidence in the system, it will lose ridership as people revert to using cars," said Malcolm Brodie, noting that the regional transportation strategy hinges on people shifting from cars to transit.
Early Monday afternoon outside the downtown Burrard SkyTrain station, would-be passengers were being turned back at the entrance with a simple "SkyTrain's closed, guys," from TransLink staff . Bus-route alternatives were being offered if passengers asked.
Charmaine Gullacher, a student from the British Columbia Institute of Technology, facing a 12-kilometre bus ride to the suburban Metrotown mall in Burnaby before trying to get home to Surrey, called the situation a "disaster."
She said she was disappointed there were no special shuttles. "Especially because it's been down for two hours, you'd think they'd have shuttles."
Kevin Osadchuk, who travelled downtown from Surrey for medical appointments, anticipated a three- to four-hour bus ride back home, and said the situation was disruptive. "It's going to take all afternoon to get back. I won't be able to do anything else now."
Matthew Rigmey and Kevin Lally, heading home from construction work at the Trump International Hotel and Tower, were upset – especially as they had both been caught in the last SkyTrain shutdown.Report Typo/Error
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